chapter 34 - muscular systemgrowthanatomy.com/wp-content/...review-muscular-skeletal-system… ·...

4
3DJH &KDSWHU $FWLRQ DQG 6XSSRUW 7KH 0XVFOHV DQG 6NHOHWRQ &KDSWHU 0XVFXODU DQG 6NHOHWDO 6\VWHP 0XVFOH 7LVVXH 0XVFOH ³OLWWOH PRXVH´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a FHOO 0\RVLQ $FWLQ 6DUFRPHUH &KDSWHU 0XVFXODU DQG 6NHOHWDO 6\VWHP

Upload: others

Post on 29-Jun-2020

2 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Chapter 34 - Muscular Systemgrowthanatomy.com/wp-content/...Review-Muscular-Skeletal-System… · 3djh 0lfurdqdwrp\ ri 0xvfoh ,qwhudfwlrqv ehwzhhq wkh wklfn dqg wklq ilodphqwv ri

3DJH��

&KDSWHU����

$FWLRQ�DQG�6XSSRUW���

7KH�0XVFOHV�DQG�6NHOHWRQ

&KDSWHU�����0XVFXODU�DQG�6NHOHWDO�6\VWHP

0XVFOH�7LVVXH��0XVFOH�� ��³OLWWOH�PRXVH´��

� &RPSRVHG�RI�VLQJOH�FHOO�W\SH

� ([HUWV�IRUFH�E\�FRQWUDFWLQJ��VKRUWHQLQJ�

����*XDUG�HQWUDQFH���H[LW��H�J��OLSV���DQXV�

����0DLQWDLQ�ERG\�WHPSHUDWXUH��H�J��VKLYHULQJ�

&KHPLFDO�HQHUJ\ �$73� 0HFKDQLFDO�(QHUJ\7UDQVIRUPDWLRQ

)XQFWLRQ�RI�0XVFOH�

����3URGXFH�PRYHPHQW

����0DLQWDLQ�SRVWXUH

����6XSSRUW�VRIW�WLVVXH��H�J��DEGRPLQDO�ZDOO�

&KDSWHU�����0XVFXODU�DQG�6NHOHWDO�6\VWHP

7\SHV�RI�0XVFOH�7LVVXH�

6NHOHWDO�0XVFOH &DUGLDF�0XVFOH 6PRRWK�0XVFOH

6WULDWHG 6WULDWHG 1RW�6WULDWHG

0DQ\ 2QH 2QH

6ORZ�WR�)DVW ,QWHUPHGLDWH 6ORZ

9ROXQWDU\ ,QYROXQWDU\ ,QYROXQWDU\

$SSHDUDQFH

��RI�1XFOHL���&HOO

&RQWUDFWLRQ6SHHG

&RQWURO

)XQFWLRQ 6NHOHWDO0RYHPHQW

3XPS�%ORRG0RYH�6XEVWDQFHV

7KURXJK�+ROORZ�7XEHV

&KDSWHU�����0XVFXODU�DQG�6NHOHWDO�6\VWHP

����6NHOHWDO�0XVFOH�

� +XPDQ�%RG\� ��!�����XQLTXH�VNHOHWDO�PXVFOHV

� 0XVFOH�VWUXFWXUH�DQG�IXQFWLRQ�DUH�FORVHO\�OLQNHG�� 7HQGRQ���$WWDFK�PXVFOH�WR�VNHOHWRQ��&RQQHFWLYH�7LVVXH�

� :KROH�PXVFOH�FRQVLVWV�RI�����0XVFOH�)LEHU�%XQGOHV

����%ORRG�YHVVHOV�1HUYHV

����&RQQHFWLYH�7LVVXH�:UDS

0XVFOH�)LEHU ��0XVFOH�&HOO�)LJXUH������

0LFURDQDWRP\�RI�0XVFOH�

7�WXEXOHV���1HWZRUN�RI�SDVVDJHZD\V�WKURXJK�ILEHU��FRQGXFW�$3V�

6DFURSODVPLF�5HWLFXOXP���6SHFLDOL]HG�HQGRSODVPLF�UHWLFXOXP

� &RQWDLQ�FDOFLXP�LRQV��&D���

0\RILEULOV���&\OLQGULFDO�VWUXFWXUHV�FRQWDLQLQJ�FRQWUDFWLOH�ILEHUV

(DFK�0XVFOH�)LEHU�&RQWDLQV�

&KDSWHU�����0XVFXODU�DQG�6NHOHWDO�6\VWHP

0LFURDQDWRP\�RI�0XVFOH�

0\RILEULO�FRQWUDFWLOH�ILEHUV��SURWHLQ��

����$FWLQ �7KLQ�ILODPHQW�

����0\RVLQ �7KLFN�ILODPHQW�

6DUFRPHUH���5HSHDWLQJ�XQLWV�RIP\RILODPHQWV��a����������FHOO�

0\RVLQ$FWLQ

6DUFRPHUH

&KDSWHU�����0XVFXODU�DQG�6NHOHWDO�6\VWHP

Page 2: Chapter 34 - Muscular Systemgrowthanatomy.com/wp-content/...Review-Muscular-Skeletal-System… · 3djh 0lfurdqdwrp\ ri 0xvfoh ,qwhudfwlrqv ehwzhhq wkh wklfn dqg wklq ilodphqwv ri

3DJH��

0LFURDQDWRP\�RI�0XVFOH�

,QWHUDFWLRQV�EHWZHHQ�WKH�WKLFN�DQG�WKLQ�ILODPHQWV�RI�VDUFRPHUHV�DUH�UHVSRQVLEOH�IRU�PXVFOH�FRQWUDFWLRQ

&KDSWHU�����0XVFXODU�DQG�6NHOHWDO�6\VWHP

0LFURDQDWRP\�RI�0XVFOH�

,QWHUDFWLRQV�EHWZHHQ�WKH�WKLFN�DQG�WKLQ�ILODPHQWV�RI�VDUFRPHUHV�DUH�UHVSRQVLEOH�IRU�PXVFOH�FRQWUDFWLRQ

&KDSWHU�����0XVFXODU�DQG�6NHOHWDO�6\VWHP

0LFURDQDWRP\�RI�0XVFOH�

,QWHUDFWLRQV�EHWZHHQ�WKH�WKLFN�DQG�WKLQ�ILODPHQWV�RI�VDUFRPHUHV�DUH�UHVSRQVLEOH�IRU�PXVFOH�FRQWUDFWLRQ

6OLGLQJ�)LODPHQW7KHRU\

5HTXLUHV�$73�/276����VHFRQG���FHOO�

&KDSWHU�����0XVFXODU�DQG�6NHOHWDO�6\VWHP

6DUFRSODVPLF�5HWLFXOXP

&D��

&D�� &D��&D��

&D�� &D�� &D��&D��&D��&D��&D��&D��

3ODVPD�0HPEUDQH

&\WRSODVP

7�WXEXOH

6DUFRPHUH�RIP\RILEULO

1HXURPXVFXODU�-XQFWLRQ�

� 1HXURQ�� 0XVFOH�ILEHU��FRQQHFWLRQ�6\QDSWLF7HUPLQDO

1HXURQ

0XVFOH�&RQWUDFWLRQ�(YHQWV���

����$FHW\OFKROLQH��$&K�� QHXURWUDQVPLWWHU�UHOHDVHG�IURP�V\QDSWLF�WHUPLQDO

$&K $&K $&K

����$&K�ELQGV�WR�UHFHSWRUV�RQ�PXVFOHILEHU��JHQHUDWHV�$3��HOHFWULFDO�LPSXOVH�

����$FWLRQ�SRWHQWLDO�FRQGXFWHG�DORQJSODVPD�PHPEUDQH

&KDSWHU�����0XVFXODU�DQG�6NHOHWDO�6\VWHP

1HXURPXVFXODU�-XQFWLRQ�

� 1HXURQ�� 0XVFOH�ILEHU��FRQQHFWLRQ�

7�WXEXOH

6DUFRSODVPLF�5HWLFXOXP

&D��

&D�� &D��&D��

&D�� &D�� &D��&D��&D��&D��&D��&D��

6DUFRPHUH�RIP\RILEULO

6\QDSWLF7HUPLQDO

1HXURQ

����$3�GHVFHQGV�LQWR�PXVFOH�ILEHU�YLD7�WXEXOHV

$&K $&K $&K

����$3�WULJJHUV�UHOHDVH�RI�&D�� IURPVDUFRSODVPLF�UHWLFXOXP

&D�� &D��&D��&D��&D��

����&D�� LQLWLDWHV�DFWLQ�P\RVLQ�ELQGLQJ��FURVV�EULGJLQJ�

0XVFOH�&RQWUDFWLRQ�(YHQWV���

3ODVPD�0HPEUDQH

&\WRSODVP

&KDSWHU�����0XVFXODU�DQG�6NHOHWDO�6\VWHP

1HXURPXVFXODU�-XQFWLRQ�

� 1HXURQ�� 0XVFOH�ILEHU��FRQQHFWLRQ�

7�WXEXOH

6DUFRSODVPLF�5HWLFXOXP

&D��

&D�� &D��&D��

&D�� &D�� &D��&D��&D��&D��&D��&D��

6DUFRPHUH�RIP\RILEULO

6\QDSWLF7HUPLQDO

1HXURQ

����$3�GHVFHQGV�LQWR�PXVFOH�ILEHU�YLD7�WXEXOHV

$&K $&K $&K

����$3�WULJJHUV�UHOHDVH�RI�&D�� IURPVDUFRSODVPLF�UHWLFXOXP

&D�� &D��&D��&D��&D��

����&D�� LQLWLDWHV�DFWLQ�P\RVLQ�ELQGLQJ��FURVV�EULGJLQJ�

0XVFOH�&RQWUDFWLRQ�(YHQWV�

&\WRSODVP

3ODVPD�0HPEUDQH

&KDSWHU�����0XVFXODU�DQG�6NHOHWDO�6\VWHP

Page 3: Chapter 34 - Muscular Systemgrowthanatomy.com/wp-content/...Review-Muscular-Skeletal-System… · 3djh 0lfurdqdwrp\ ri 0xvfoh ,qwhudfwlrqv ehwzhhq wkh wklfn dqg wklq ilodphqwv ri

3DJH��

1HXURPXVFXODU�-XQFWLRQ�

� 1HXURQ�� 0XVFOH�ILEHU��FRQQHFWLRQ�

7�WXEXOH

6DUFRSODVPLF�5HWLFXOXP

&D��

&D�� &D��&D��

&D�� &D�� &D��&D��&D��&D��&D��&D��

6DUFRPHUH�RIP\RILEULO

6\QDSWLF7HUPLQDO

1HXURQ

����$3�GHVFHQGV�LQWR�PXVFOH�ILEHU�YLD7�WXEXOHV

$&K $&K $&K

����$3�WULJJHUV�UHOHDVH�RI�&D�� IURPVDUFRSODVPLF�UHWLFXOXP

&D�� &D��&D��&D��&D��

����&D�� LQLWLDWHV�DFWLQ�P\RVLQ�ELQGLQJ��FURVV�EULGJLQJ�

0XVFOH�&RQWUDFWLRQ�(YHQWV�

&KDSWHU�����0XVFXODU�DQG�6NHOHWDO�6\VWHP

3ODVPD�0HPEUDQH

&\WRSODVP

&KDSWHU�����0XVFXODU�DQG�6NHOHWDO�6\VWHP

&RQWURO�RI�6NHOHWDO�0XVFOH�&RQWUDFWLRQV�

����/HQJWK�RI�0XVFOH�&RQWUDFWLRQ� $3�)UHTXHQF\

/RZ�)UHTXHQF\�� ��7ZLWFK�VKRUW��UDSLG�FRQWUDFWLRQ�

+LJK�)UHTXHQF\�� ��7HWDQXV�ORQJ��VXVWDLQHG�FRQWUDFWLRQ�

&KDSWHU�����0XVFXODU�DQG�6NHOHWDO�6\VWHP

&RQWURO�RI�6NHOHWDO�0XVFOH�&RQWUDFWLRQV�

����6WUHQJWK�RI�0XVFOH�&RQWUDFWLRQ� ��RI�)LEHUV�6WLPXODWHG

0RWRU�8QLW���$�VLQJOH�PRWRU�QHXURQ�DQG�DOO�WKH�PXVFOH�ILEHUVLQQHUYDWHG�E\�LW��PRWRU�XQLW� �DOO�RU�QRQH�

� 0RWRU�XQLW�VL]H�GLFWDWHV�FRQWURO�

� )LQH�&RQWURO�� �����ILEHUV��H\H�

� *URVV�&RQWURO�� ������¶V�ILEHUV��OHJ�

6NHOHWDO�6\VWHP�&KDSWHU�����0XVFXODU�DQG�6NHOHWDO�6\VWHP

� 6XSSRUWLQJ�IUDPHZRUN�IRU�WKH�ERG\�

7\SHV�RI�$QLPDO�6NHOHWRQV�

����+\GURVWDWLF�6NHOHWRQ �H�J��HDUWKZRUP��PROOXVN�

� )OXLG�ILOOHG�FRPSDUWPHQWV�SURYLGHV�VXSSRUW

����(QGRVNHOHWRQ �H�J��KXPDQV�

� 5LJLG��LQWHUQDO�VNHOHWRQ�VXSSRUWLQJ�ERG\

����([RVNHOHWRQ �H�J��LQVHFWV��FUXVWDFHDQV�

� 5LJLG��H[WHUQDO�VNHOHWRQ�VXSSRUWLQJ�ERG\

+XPDQ�6NHOHWRQ�� ������ERQHV

� $[LDO�VNHOHWRQ� 6NXOO��YHUWHEUDO�FROXPQ��ULE�FDJH

� $SSHQGLFXODU 6NHOHWRQ� ([WUHPLWLHV

)XQFWLRQV�����6XSSRUWV�ERG\���SURWHFWV�RUJDQV�

����/RFRPRWLRQ

����%ORRG�FHOO�SURGXFWLRQ��UHG�ERQH�PDUURZ�

����6WRUDJH�VLWH�

� &DOFLXP�DQG�3KRVSKRUXV

� (QHUJ\��\HOORZ�ERQH�PDUURZ�

����6HQVRU\�WUDQVGXFWLRQ��H�J��LQQHU�HDU��)LJXUH������

&KDSWHU�����0XVFXODU�DQG�6NHOHWDO�6\VWHP &KDSWHU�����0XVFXODU�DQG�6NHOHWDO�6\VWHP

6NHOHWDO�7LVVXH�7\SHV�

����&DUWLODJH �FRQQHFWLYH�WLVVXH�

� 3URYLGHV�IOH[LEOH�VXSSRUW���FRQQHFWLRQV�

D���)RUPV�VNHOHWRQ��HDUO\�GHYHORSPHQW�

E���&RYHUV�HQG�RI�ERQHV��MRLQWV�

F���)RUPV�QRVH���HDUV�

G���&RQQHFWV�ULEV�WR�VWHUQXP�

H���)RUPV�VKRFN�DEVRUELQJ�SDGV��H�J��LQWHUYHUWHEUDO GLVFV�

� &RQVLVWV�RI�OLYLQJ�FHOOV��FKRQGURF\WHV��LQ�SURWHLQ�PDWUL[

6HFUHWH�FROODJHQ ILEHUV

� 1R�GLUHFW�EORRG�VXSSO\

Page 4: Chapter 34 - Muscular Systemgrowthanatomy.com/wp-content/...Review-Muscular-Skeletal-System… · 3djh 0lfurdqdwrp\ ri 0xvfoh ,qwhudfwlrqv ehwzhhq wkh wklfn dqg wklq ilodphqwv ri

3DJH��

&KDSWHU�����0XVFXODU�DQG�6NHOHWDO�6\VWHP

6NHOHWDO�7LVVXH�7\SHV�

����%RQH �FRQQHFWLYH�WLVVXH�

� 3URYLGHV�VWURQJ��ULJLG�IUDPHZRUN

� &RQVLVWV�RI�

D���&ROODJHQ�ILEHUV��KDUGHQHG�ZLWK�FDOFLXP�SKRVSKDWH GHSRVLWV�

E���2VWHREODVWV��EXLOG�ERQH�

F���2VWHRF\WHV��PDWXUH�ERQH�FHOOV��

G���2VWHRFODVWV��GLVVROYH�ERQH�

� %RQH�LV�FRQVWDQWO\�UHPRGHOHG����� ����HDFK�\HDU�

&KDSWHU�����0XVFXODU�DQG�6NHOHWDO�6\VWHP

7\SHV�RI�%RQHV�

����&RPSDFW�ERQH

� +DUG��RXWHU�VKHOO

� 6LWH�RI�PXVFOH�DWWDFKPHQW

����6SRQJ\�ERQH

� ,QWHULRU�ODWWLFHZRUN��SRURXV�

� &RQWDLQV�ERQH�PDUURZ

� %RQH�GHQVLW\�UHDFKHV�SHDN�DW�DJH���

� 2VWHRSRURVLV �³SRURXV�ERQH´�

� 3UHGRPLQDWHV�LQ�ZRPHQ���[�

� 7UHDWPHQW�

� ([HUFLVH��&D���VXSSOHPHQWV

� +RUPRQH�UHSODFHPHQW�WKHUDS\

&KDSWHU�����0XVFXODU�DQG�6NHOHWDO�6\VWHP

%RG\�0RYHPHQW�

-RLQW ��3RLQW�DW�ZKLFK�WZR�ERQHV�PHHW

7\SHV�RI�-RLQWV�

����+LQJH�MRLQW�� ��� GLPHQVLRQDO�PRYHPHQW��H�J��NQHH�

����%DOO�DQG�VRFNHW�MRLQW�� ��± GLPHQVLRQDO�PRYHPHQW��H�J��KLS�

� /LJDPHQW ��)LEURXV�FRQQHFWLYH�WLVVXH�DWWDFKLQJ�ERQHV

� $QWDJRQLVWLF�PXVFOHV GULYH�PRYHPHQW�

� )OH[LRQ ��'HFUHDVH�DQJOH�EHWZHHQ�ERQHV

� ([WHQVLRQ ��LQFUHDVH�DQJOH�EHWZHHQ�ERQHV