Course Title- International TradeCourse Code- BUS 238

Submitted To; Abida Sayeeda Mallika.

Assistant Professor Dept’ Of Business administration.

Stamford University Bangladesh.

GROUP MEMBERS…ID Name ID Name

BBA 054 16685

Afsana Mahamuda

BBA 054 16679 Rimon Khan

BBA 054 16695 Saiful Islam Saif BBA 054

16671Faried

ChowdhuryBBA 054 16669 Niloy Saha BBA 054

16661Fahima Akter

(Mele)

Batch: BBA 054 (D)

Our presentation topic Topic…

ASEANFTAAGATTMERCOSURNAFTA

Association of Southeast Asian

Nations

ESTABLISHMENT OF ASEAN•ASEAN was established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok

•ASEAN covers a land area of 4.4 million square kilometers, 3% of the total land area of Earth. Countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population.

The Establishment of ASEAN

Bangkok, 8 August 1967

Membership…

HISTORY ASEAN was preceded by an organization

formed in 1961 called the Association of Southeast Asia (ASA), a group consisting of the Philippines, Malaysia, and Thailand. ASEAN itself was created on 8 August 1967,

when the foreign ministers of five countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, signed the ASEAN Declaration, more commonly known as the Bangkok Declaration.

Chairman  Rodrigo DuterteSecretary General  Le Luong 

•Leaders…

•The Association of Southeast Asian Nations has itrs headquarters in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Object of ASEAN to promote the economic, social and

cultural development of the region through cooperative programs;

to safeguard the political and economic stability of the region against big power rivalry;

and to serve as a forum for the resolution of intra-regional differences

Function of ASEAN To create and maintain a data bank of

best practices, standards, and methodologies in the field of public sector auditing.

To organize seminars, workshops, studies, or other activities related to the exchange of knowledge and experiences in the field of public sector auditing; and

To undertake other activities that will promote good governance and cooperation among Members of ASEANSAIs.

Conclusion With the establishment of ASEAN the

economy of the Asian countries became strengthen.

As we move towards the year 2020, ASEAN will have derived its strength not only from unity among governments but unity among its diverse peoples.

THANK YOU!..

What is FTAA?• Free Trade Area of the Americas • The effort to unite the economies

of the Americas into a single free trade area began at the Summit of the Americas, which was held in December 1994 in Miami, U.S.A.

• Barriers to trade and investment will be progressively eliminated

• They agreed to complete negotiations towards this agreement by the year 2005

History..• The Free Trade Area of the Americas

(FTAA) was an attempt to create a neoliberal free trade agreement that expanded the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) to every country in North America, Central America, South America and the Caribbean, except Cuba.

• Negotiations began right after the completion of NAFTA in 1994 and were supposed to have been completed by January 1, 2005.

• But an exciting thing happened: the FTAA was not signed.

History…

• Free Trade Area of the Americas began with the Summit of the Americas in Miami, Florida, on December 11, 1994,

Members…• The following countries are in the plans of

the Free Trade Area of the Americas: 34 members

Chairmanship of the Negotiations…

Chairmanship Vice- Chairmanship

 May 1, 1998 - October 31, 1999 Canada  Argentina

 November 1, 1999 - April 30,

2001Argentina Ecuador

 May 1, 2001 - October 31, 2002 Ecuador Chile

Co-ChairsNovember 1,

2002 - conclusion of the

negotiations

Brazil and United States of America

Objectives of the FTAA:Member states of the FTAA stated the

following objectives:1. Promote prosperity through increased

integration and free trade2. Establish a Free Trade Area in which

barriers to trade in goods, services and investment are progressively eliminated by no later than 2005

3. Maximize market openness4. Facilitate integration of smaller economies

into the FTAA5. Secure observance and protection of

worker rights

Function of the FTAA…• Official Function of the FTAA:"We, the

Ministers, reaffirm our commitment to the successful conclusion of the FTAA negotiations by January 2005, with the ultimate goal of achieving an area of free trade and regional integration. The Ministers reaffirm their commitment to a comprehensive and balanced FTAA that will most effectively foster economic growth, the reduction of poverty, development, and integration through trade liberalization.

Function of the FTAA…

• Unofficial Function of the FTAA:The Free Trade Area of the Americas is to guarantee control for North American businesses over a territory which stretches from the Arctic to the Antarctic, free access over the entire hemisphere without any difficulty or obstacle for our products, services, technology and capital.

GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFF AND TRADE

During great depression of 1930’s the international trade was badly affected and various countries imposed import restrictions for safeguarding their economies.

It resulted in sharp decline in world trade.

1n 1945, USA put forward many proposals for extending international trade and employment.

On October 30th, 1947; 23 countries at Geneva signed an agreement related to tariffs imposed on trade.

BACKGROUND

Headquarter…• WTO Headquarters in Geneva  UN body set up

in 1948. • GATT had 110 members when it was renamed

the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995.

Members..• The 128 countries that had signed GATT by 1994

GATT WTO• GATT was ad hoc and provisional • WTO and its agreements are

permanent• GATT had contracting parties • WTO has members• GATT system allowed existing domestic legislation to continue

even if it violated a GATT agreement

• WTO does not permit this

Following the UR agreement, GATT was converted from a provisional

agreement into a formal international organization called World Trade

Organization (WTO), with effect from January 1, 1995

FROM GATT TO WTO

Functions of WTO:

WTO is based in Geneva, Switzerland. Its functions are:

Administering the multilateral trade agreements which together make up the WTO

Acting as a forum for multilateral trade negotiations

Seeking to resolve trade disputesWTO is not a “Free trade” institution. It

permits tariffs and other forms of protection but only in limited circumstances.

Objective of GATT / WTO

1. Expansion of international trade,2. Increase of world production by

ensuring full employment in the participating nations,

3. Development and full utilisation of world resources, and

4. Raising standard of living of the world community as a whole.

Conclusion

•The creation of GATT-Negotiations in 1947 was but a big step towards trade liberalization. Between 1947 and 1993 Eight-GATT rounds have taken place for regulating trade amongst nations and solving various trade disputes.

Thank You…

MERCOSUR

Introduction

MERCOSUR, the "Common Market of the South," is the largest trading bloc in South America

Created in 1991 as Argentina and Brazil sought to improve their diplomatic and economic relations, the bloc saw a fivefold increase in regional trade in the 1990s. 

Its purpose is to promote free trade and the fluid movement of goods, people, and currency

History

1991: Treaty of Asunción goes into force in 1991, effectively mandating the creation of a common southern market (MERCOSUR) by December 31, 1994.

1995: Creation of customs union. MERCOSUR and the European Union sign an agreement of trade association and cooperation in various areas

1999: Free trade agreement with two trading block EU and NAFTA

2004: Preferential trade agreement with India

(Awaited)Members…

Objective

The free transit of produced goods, services and factors among the member states Among other things, this includes the elimination of customs rights and lifting of nontariff restrictions on the transit of goods or any other measures with similar effects.

Fixing of a common external tariff (CET).Move member countries’ economies away

from import-substitution modelsDevelop institutional groups

•Its purpose is to promote free trade and the fluid movement of goods, people, and currency. The official languages are Guaraní, Portuguese, and Spanish.•Intra-Mercosur merchandise trade grew from $10 billion at the inception of the trade bloc in 1991, to $88 billion in 2010.•With a population of more than 270 million people, and a GDP of the full-member nations in excess of $3 trillion a year.

Functions.

FactsPopulation : 0.3 billion(2010) , 43% of

Latin America’s population Languages : Portuguese, Guaraní and

SpanishLand : 7,941,856 sq. miles, 59% of its

total landmass4th largest trading bloc in the world

after EU, NAFTA, ASEAN (2010)

Current News

Mercosur Signs Trade Deal with Palestinian Authority

This is the first trade deal between the Palestinian territories and a bloc of nations outside the Arab world

NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT

(NAFTA)

INTRODUCTION

NAFTA is an agreement signed by the governments of the United states, Canada and Mexico creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America.

Members: Canada, Mexico & United StatesOfficial languages: English, French and SpanishSecretariats: Mexico city, Ottawa, Washington

D.C.Establishment: 1 January 1994GDP of NAFTA alliance: USD 12 trillionNAFTA supplements: NAAEC & NAALC

BACK GROUND

• In 1988 Canada & the United States signed the Canada-United states Free Trade Agreement

• The American government then entered into negotiations with the Mexican government for a similar treaty

• Canada asked to join the negotiations in order to preserve its perceived gains under the 1988 deal

• The agreement NAFTA was signed by U.S. president - George H. W. Bush, Canadian prime minister - Brian Mulroney and Mexican president - Carlos Salinas

• in San Antanio, Texas on December 17,1992.

Members• Canada• Mexico• United States

Headquarters.•Mexico City (Mexico),•Ottawa (Canada),•Washington D.C. (USA)

OBJECTIVES OF NAFTATo eliminate trade barriers & facilitate the cross-border movements of goods and services between the parties

To promote conditions of fair competition

To substantially increase investment opportunities

To provide adequate and effective protection & enforcement of intellectual property rights in each territory

To establish a framework for further trilateral, regional and multilateral co-operation to expand and enhance benefits of this agreement

EFFECTS OF NAFTA BENEFITS

Benefit’s the importers by reduced or duty free goods.

Can make the exporter more competitive then other non-participating countries

There has been great increase in trade among the three countries and market access within each country also increased considerably.

Mexico’s poverty rate decreased and real income increased, even after economic crisis 1994-1995

NAFTA had been beneficial to business owners and elites in all three countries

CONCLUSION

• The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) will not be fully implemented until 2008. However, it is evident that NAFTA has already proved its worth to the United States by playing an important and vital role in increasing consumer choice, improving market access for U.S. products, and expanding U.S. jobs supported by exports.