richard diciembre 09
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Diciembre 2009 - Issue 65 - € 4.1APRENDE CON LOS PROFESIONALES DEL INGLÉS
w w w . v a u s y s . c o m
DESCARGA
TU AUDIO EN
www.vaughanreview.com
La ciudad más fría del mundo
yakutsk
Después de & Después
after & afterwards
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index
2
is published monthly and is a Vaughan Systemspublication. All rights reserved.
Publisher:Richard Vaughan
Editor in chief:Richard Brown
Co-Editors in chief:David WaddellCarmen Vallejo
Art Editor:Annie Casasús
English Edition:Greg Stanford
Design TeamIvan Morgan
Juan Ignacio Fernández Peón
Illustrator Pablo Gonzalo
Contributing Editors:Cloverdale / Conor McAlinden
Audio Editors:Alberto AlonsoDaniel Escudero
Distribution Manager:Rubén Palomero
Subscriptions team:Enebral Luengo
Jose Carlos Moralessuscripciones@vausys.com
Cover Photograph: Juan Ignacio Fernández Peón
Newsroom/ Redacción:Edificio Master 1
Avda. General Perón, 38 - 2ª Planta in Madrid.
Telephone/Teléfono:91 748 59 50
E-mail/Correo electrónico:rbrown@vausys.com
Printed by/Imprime:Grupo Aries
Depósito legal:M-46.801-2002
ISSN:1887-6137
Lugar y fecha de impresión:Madrid, el 1 de Diciembre de 2009
Edita
Copyright © de la Edición: Vaughan Systems, S.L.,Madrid – 2007. Todos los derechos
reservados. All rights reserved.
THE VAUGHAN REVIEW Diciembre 2009
CLAVE DE ACCESO AUDIO:
1212vaughan1212
www.vaughanreview.com
VaughanS Y S T E M S
www.vaughanreview.com
DESCARG
TU AUDIO E
03 Editorial Yakutsk
05 Easy Reading Yakutia
06 Grammar Matters After & afterwardsSoon after / The day after Before & beforehandThe aforementioned
11 Cloverdale’s Characters Nancy Johnson
12 People & Places Entrevista a Jim Trainor
14 Business Letter 58
16 Marketing List 21
17 Pence & R Sección Infantil
21 Expressions with Boat
22 Humanities Learning Nature’s Languages
24 Phrasal Verbs To stand up for - To stand for
26 Something to Chew Over
30 Mastering the Interrogative 54
31 Elision Fields Íntaza
32 Sudoku Sweets & Candy
34 Translation List Nivel principiante y nivel avanzado: LISTA 19
35 Creepy Corner El terr ible “all THE day”
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editorial
3
In a far-flung corner (remoto rincón) of Russia, burieddeep in Eastern Siberia, lies a forgotten city by thename of Yakutsk, home to just over 200,000 souls.There’s nothing special about Yakutsk, like so many other ex-soviet cities, it’s just another bland, anonymousurban sprawl (expansión urbana descontrolada), amucky and insignificant scab (costra) to mar (paraestropear) and irritate the otherwise pristine, snow-covered landscape. And yet, the very existence of Yakutsk is to be held as a tribute to the tenacity,resilience and sheer stubbornness (obstinación) of thepeople who inhabit it. For Yakutsk can safely lay unenviable claim to being the coldest city on Ear th, theaverage temperature in the month of January beingunlikely to get much above -40 degrees.
Yakutsk is a strange, eerie (fantasmagórico) place,shrouded in (envuelto en) icy, fuel-injected mist, wherepeople shuffle (anda arrastrando los pies) silently along the street, their movements restricted by the many layers of clothing they wear, their voices muffled(apagados) by the fur that covers all but a tiny part of their face, their footsteps muted then swiftly effaced by the snow. The cause of the pollution is twofold (tiene
dos aspectos): firstly, the gargantuan efforts required toheat a city of such a size against temperatures whichcan happily drop below -55º or even lower; secondly,most people, for obvious reasons, drive to work, justlike they do in every major city the world over, youmight add. What is perhaps less obvious to those of usaccustomed to living in more temperate climes, is thefact that when people park their car in the morning, they leave the engine running all day in order toprevent it from freezing over!
Nothing in Yakutsk is unaffected by the cold. The ice in the air numbs your senses and the mist and thecloseness of sounds is disturbingly disorientating. The
cold is such that all our normal human references of warmth and coldness are rendered (resultan) irrevelant.This, after all, is a place where locals refer to temperatures of -30º as being “cold but not too cold”.
It is hardly surprising (no es sorprendente) that theregion of Yakutia was long (durante mucho tiempo)used as the biggest open air prison where thousandsupon thousands of convicts of all descriptions werecondemned to hard labour and almost certain death, the freezing temperatures being far more effective thaniron bars in ensuring that no one ever escaped.
And yet, far-fetched as it may seem (por muy improbable que parezca), people in Yakutsk leadsurprisingly normal lives. Despite the hostile climate,
there’s an open-ai r market all year round (thefishmongers (pescaderos) have no need of freezers,mind (por cierto)); builders work on construction sites(unless the temperatures drop below -50º at whichpoint metal can start to snap (romperse)); children go to school every day (except for when the thermometers go below -55º at which point they arewisely advised to stay at home). Provisioning(abastecer) the city is certainly fraught with (erizadode) logistical problems but they seem to take it in their stride (se lo toman con calma). Once the big freezesets in (cuando llega la gran helada), supplies reach thecity by means of lorries that cross the thick, solid, frozencrust (corteza) that caps (cubre) the river Lena.
It is indeed surprising to what extent the human race iscapable of adapting to even the most inhospitable of environments, a virtue personified in the people of Yakutsk. Of course, to most of us, the idea of spendingyour life in Siberia doesn’t even bear thinking about, butif, for whatever reason, we found ourselves having tolive there, I’m sure we would cope. To many people, theidea of having to speak English every day in order tosurvive is a similarly unattractive proposition. And yet if circumstances forced such a situation on you, youwould learn and learn fast. More to the point, learningEnglish is far more forgiving than the merciless colds of
Siberia. With frostbite, you only have one chancewhereas with English you can make as many mistakes asyou like in order to learn your lesson.
In short, if people can live in Yakutsk, you can learn English!
YakutskNothing in
Yakutsk is
unaffected by
the cold. The
ice in the air
numbs your
senses and the
mist and the
closeness of
sounds is
disturbingly
disorientating.
Richard Brown
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According to (según) Russian legend, one idle Sunday afternoon (undomingo por la tarde sin trabajo), the God of Creation came up with(se le ocurrió) the idea of creating planets. Until then (hasta entonces)he had been content creating stars: one after another, and all pretty much the same, a bit like Van Gogh during his sunflower phase (pleasedo not write in!). That same Sunday afternoon, he was admiring his work when suddenly, it all seemed very wrong to him. There was somethingmissing (faltaba algo); it was all too static – a countless load of bright,shiny objects happily blazing away (resplandeciendo) in the heavens. Butnothing else (pero nada más). Anachronistically, we might compare him to the not-yet-created adolescent looking at the drawings he hadproduced as a four-year old. Big deal (¿Y qué?). The whole thing neededsome action, some sort of movement, something! And that’s when hecame up with the idea of planets – fun, spherical objects that wouldkeep him amused by flying around all those recently created stars.
The prototype planet was a simple affair (una cosa sencilla) – littlemore than (poco más que) a round(-ish) chunk (trozo) of rock.Gradually, as he got the hang of it (cogía el truco), he started to bemore creative, producing green ones, red ones, blue ones, grey ones,orange ones with accessories, pink ones with red spots (manchasrojas) etc. After a while, the whole universe had become a hive of planetary activity (bullía de actividad planetaria), there wasn’t a star in sight that didn’t have its quota of planets orbiting it.
This situation was fine for a while, but soon the God of Creation,being of the creative sort, got bored. It was all so predictable. Heneeded to come up with something that was capable of surprisinghim. Something able (algo capaz) to act independently of his own (supropio) perfect, but rather predictable (pero bastante predecible),divine will (voluntad). Something that could interact with its kind tokeep him amused during the afternoons once (una vez que) hisuniversal housekeeping responsibilities were taken care of.
And that’s when he came up with the idea of Man – a silly littlecreature, capable of great things, yes, but invariably driven (motivadas)by vanity, greed (codicia) and pride (orgullo). Now, the God of Creationwas no fool (no tenía un pelo de tonto). He knew he was playing withfire. And for this reason he decided to carry out his little experiment in
one of the remotest galaxies in his universe. Just in case (por si acaso).He identified a small, insignificant planet that looked perfect. He createda bit of water for his newly-made characters (personajes reciénhechos) to drink, made some flat rocky bits for them to live on and satback (se puso cómodo) to watch the show (espectáculo).
But, once again, he soon got bored. It’s all very well (es muy fácil)having a group of action figures to play with, especially ones driven
by vanity, greed and pride, but if there’s nothing for them tosquabble over (por pelearse), they don’t really do very much. And that’s when he came up with the idea of the elements and r iches:something for Man to fight over. Perfect!
And so, one day, with his chariot (carro) loaded (cargado) withPlutonium, Iron, diamonds, Gold and Smiles (this last element, themost precious of all, never really took off (nunca tuvo éxito)), hestarted to distribute the resources in such a way that Man would
have to start seriously interacting if he wanted to have all of them.Thus, he went to South and North America where he left hugequantities of gold. And then to South Africa where he left abundantquantities of diamonds. And then to the Middle East which he filledwith petrol. And so on and so on.
Finally, he got to Russia which he started to fill with petrol. As hemoved into Siberia his chariot got stuck in the snow, forcing him tocontinue his journey by foot. And so, in his massive arms, he pickedup all the riches he still had left (que todavía le quedaba) (he stillhad lots of everything) and star ted to walk through the snow. It washard work and the God of Creation soon started to feel the cold.He finally reached the land of Yakutia where the ice froze his fingers together, making him drop all the riches and elements he had been
carrying. It was too cold to worry about a bit (a lot) of petrol,Plutonium, diamonds and gold and so the God of Creation flewback into the heavens to enjoy the fruits of his labours.
And this is the reason why Man is never at peace with himself nor with his fellow men. It is also the reason why Yakutia, despite being(a pesar de ser) one of the coldest regions on Earth, is also theregion with more natural resources than any other.
Aprendizaje Clave: To come up with an idea (ocurrírsele a uno una idea)
easy read
5
S i t e r e s u l t a
d i f í c i l e l e d i t o r i a l
p r i n c i p a l...
¡ e s t e a r t í c u l o e s
p a r a t i !
Yakutia
Richard Brown
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After & Afterwards
Hablé con Robert durante un buen rato después. I spoke to Robert for a long time afterwards.
Lo haré después si no te importa. I’ll do it afterwards if that’s alright.
¿A dónde vamos después? Where shall we go afterwards?
Lo siento pero tengo que irme directamente a casa después. I’m sorry but I have to go straight home afterwards.
¿Qué hicisteis después? What did you do afterwards?
Hablé con Robert durante un buen rato después de la reunión. I spoke to Robert for a long time after the meeting.
Lo haré después del partido si no te importa. I’ll do it after the match if that’s alright.
¿A dónde vamos después de la película? Where shall we go after the film?
Lo siento pero tengo que irme directamente a casadespués del concierto.
I’m sorry but I have to go straight home after the concert.
¿Qué hicisteis después de la fiesta? What did you do after the party?
En esta sección vamos a centrarnos en cuando se puede utilizar la palabra “after” como traducción de “después” y
cuando no. En realidad “after” suele significar “después de” por lo que normalmente requiere de alguna información
adicional después de la palabra.
Cuando decimos “después” a secas en inglés normalmente hemos de decir “afterwards”. Hemos dejado las frases
prácticamente igual para que veas la diferencia.
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grammar matters
7
Lo volví a ver no mucho después. I saw him again not long after.
Se fugaron juntos poco después. They ran away together soon after.
Él la palmó no mucho tiempo después. He popped his clogs not long after.
Se separaron poco después. They separated soon after.
La empresa quebró no mucho tiempo después. The company went bankrupt not long after.
Tropecé con ella el día después. I ran into her the day after.
No, no lo compramos ese fin de semana; lo compramos elfin de semana después.
No, we didn’t buy it that weekend; we bought it theweekend after.
No puedo ir la semana que viene. Quedemos la semana
siguiente.
I can’t make it next week. Let’s make it the week after.
¿Él lo hizo el mismo día o el día después? Did he do it the same day or the day after?
Creo que (él) lo hizo el día después. I think he did it the day after.
Sin embargo, existen algunas ocasiones en las que sí podemos utilizar “after” como “después”. Normalmente se
trata de algunas expresiones hechas como “soon after” o “not long after”. Ambas significan “poco después”.
También, como ahora veremos, se emplea “after” sin ninguna palabra detrás, en los siguientes contextos: “the day after”,
“the week after”, “the weekend after” etc.
Soon after / The day after
También se puede decir “soon afterwards” y “not long afterwards”.
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Before & Beforehand
¿Es posible reservar la sala de conferencias antes (de antemano)? Is it possible to reserve the conference room beforehand?
Deberías haber pensado en eso antes. You should have thought of that beforehand.
Tienes que reservar con mucha antelación. You need to book well beforehand.
Si llegas antes, puedes ayudar a montar las cosas. If you get there beforehand, you can help set things up.
Hagas lo que hagas, no se lo menciones (a ella) antes. Whatever you do, don’t mention it to her beforehand.
Lo he hecho bastantes veces antes. I’ve done it quite a few times before.
Él nunca ha hecho eso antes. He’s never done that before.
Creo que lo he conocido antes pero no me acuerdo dónde. I think I have met him before but I can’t remember where.
¿Has visto esa película antes? Have you seen that film before?
Seguro que he hablado con ella antes. I’ve definitely spoken to her before.
También son muchos los casos en los que “antes” a secas se traduce no como “before” sino como “beforehand”, sobre
todo cuando contiene la connotación de “de antemano”.
En cambio, al expresarse en el pretérito perfecto es muy habitual traducir la palabra “antes” cuando viene a secascomo “before”.
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grammar matters
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The aforementioned
Tenemos que afrontar el problema anteriormentemencionado lo antes posible.
We must deal with the aforementioned problem as soonas possible.
La bomba estalló al final de la reunión anteriormentemencionada.
The bomb went off at the end of the aforementionedmeeting.
La idea anteriormente mencionada no va a ser factible por varias razones.
The aforementioned idea is not going to be feasible for anumber of reasons.
En referencia a las consideraciones anteriormente mencionadas,creo que hemos pasado por encima de varios temas.
In reference to the aforementioned considerations, I think there are several issues we’ve overlooked.
Los argumentos anteriormente mencionados me resultaronmuy débiles.
I found the aforementioned arguments to be very weak.
Si se está refiriendo al susodicho, se ha equivocado totalmente.If you’re referring to the aforementioned person, you’requite wrong.
El susodicho lleva ya bastante tiempo causando problemaspara la empresa.
The aforementioned person has been causing trouble for the company for quite some time now.
Puedo demostrar que la susodicha se encontraba muy lejosde la escena del crimen aquel martes por la tarde.
I can prove that the aforementioned person was nowherenear the scene of the crime that Tuesday evening.
El susodicho antes era nuestro párroco. The aforementioned person used to be our local vicar.
Nunca he conocido al susodicho. I’ve never met the aforementioned person.
Es hora de ver una expresión un poco formal muy empleada en la correspondencia. Curiosamente para referirnos a
algo que ya hemos mencionado no decimos “the beforementioned” sino “the aforementioned”.
“The aforementioned person” significa “el susodicho” o “la susodicha”. También significa lo mismo “theaforementioned” a secas. Se trata de una fórmula bastante formal que se emplea a menudo en contextos jurídicos.
“Afore” es una antigua palabra sajona sinónima de “before” pero que ya no se emplea.
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cloverdale’sC H A R A C T E R S
11
Nancy Johnson can’t find the kind of curtains
she wants for George Clooney’s bedroom.
She’s been working on the decoration of his
house for over five months now, and despite
the problem with the curtains, she’s never felt
better in her life. She works non-stop from
Wednesday through Sunday in Aspen, studying
the house, drawing designs, calling her client, Mr.
Clooney, and dealing with all kinds of suppliersof materials and furniture. Lately she’s been
seeing George Clooney more often. He’s not
involved in the filming of a movie at the
moment and he has a bit more time to fly out
to Colorado to supervise the progress on the
house. This week, she hasn’t gone back as she
usually does to Nebraska because George is
there to help her choose the right colors for his
bedroom. Phillip sounded a bit irritated on the
phone when she told him she would be staying
in Aspen, but as always, he thought about all the
money they were earning on the project anddecided it was worth it. Nancy didn’t really care
about the money. She was having the time of
her life. Last night, George invited her out to
dinner in Aspen and they talked for at least two
hours about their lives. At the end of the dinner,
he told her he wasn’t convinced about the
color of the curtains she had installed in his
bedroom and they went back to look at them.
When Nancy returned to her apartment at
2:00 in the morning, there was a message from
Phillip. He sounded somewhat sad on the
phone. He said it was 1:00 o’clock in the
morning and that he was wondering where she
was. She thought about Phillip for a few
seconds and then wondered how the kids were
getting along at school. She decided it would be
better to call him the next morning than to
wake him up now. Then she remembered that
she had an appointment in the morning at 9
o’clock with a carpet supplier. She thought she
had better go to bed and get some sleep.
However, she knew she wouldn’t be able to go
to sleep. She was feeling too excited.
www.vaughantienda.com
Nancy Johnson
1. What problem does Nancy have with the curtains?
2. What room are the curtains for?
3. How long has she been decorating George
Clooney’s house?
4. Is the problem with the curtains making her depressed?
5. How is she feeling these days?
6. What are the main activities she does
concerning the house?
7. Who has she been seeing more often lately?
8. Why has Clooney had more time to fly to
Colorado?
9. Why hasn’t Nancy gone back to Nebraska this
week?
10. How did Phillip sound on the phone when
Nancy told him she needed to stay in Colorado?
11. Why didn’t Phillip insist that she come back?
12. Did he decide it was worth it or not?
13. What were Nancy’s feelings concerning the
money she would earn on the project?14. Why didn’t she care about the money?
15. Where did Clooney invite her last night?
16. How long did they stay in the restaurant?
17. What did they talk about?
18. What did Clooney tell her at the end of the
dinner?
19. What did they do after dinner?
20. What time did Nancy get back to her
apartment?
21. What was waiting for her when she got back?
22. Who was the message from?
23. How did he sound on the phone?
24. What time had he left the message?
25. What did he say he was wondering?
26. What did Nancy think about after listening to the message?
27. What decision did she make about returning
Phillip’s call?
28. Why did she decide to call him in the morning?
29. What did she remember about tomorrow
morning?
30. What did she think she had better do?
31. What did she know she wouldn’t be able to do?
32. Why did she know she wouldn’t be able to go
to sleep?
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Q. Hello Jim, we know that you have been with our company for
many years, but when did you first settle in Madrid?
A. My lifelong (de toda la vida) love affair with Spain began in July
1969, when I first arrived at Madrid’s Barajas Airport en route for
Vigo, which I reached in a rented Seat 600 in what was a
scorching (muy pero muy caluroso) summer. But it was to be afurther eight years and several short visits before I finally settled
here. That was in July 1977, “siete de julio, San Fermín”, when in
the company of wife and young son I arrived once again at Barajas
Airport at the end of a five-year spell in Guatemala.
“To settle” significa “afincarse”.
Q. How did you come to be involved with Vaughan Systems? Did
you know Richard?
A. I first met Richard and Fernanda in 1994 at a St. Louis
University theatre evening. They had come along to see two plays
directed by Greg Stanford: Eugene Ionesco’s The Lesson, in which
I was playing the part of the Professor (a man, by the way, with ateaching style NOT to be recommended) and Edward Albee’s
The American Dream. That first meeting led to my involvement
in the Vaughan Residential Courses, at that time held in Horche
in La Alcarria. That in turn led to recording Vaughan materials,
including, along with Richard, an early version of Cloverdale’s
Characters. Memorable and good fun.
Fíjate que Jim dice “I first met Richard and Fernanda”. Este uso de la palabra
“first” indica “por primera vez”. Se coloca justo delante de los verbos no
auxiliares y justo detrás de los verbos auxiliares (incluyendo el verbo “to be”).
2003 was to be another memorable year. That year saw my
return to Madrid following a two year spell back in the UK.
January to March of that year were months of reconnecting for
me, reconnecting to the world of Madrid. One of the phone calls
I made was to Richard, and little did I know where that was to
lead. What first came of the phone call was a lunch. What cameup at the lunch was talk of a possible radio programme. What
came not many days after the lunch was a query (pregunta) from
Richard – would I like to get involved in a weekday language radio
programme starting in May?
La expresión “little did I know” (con inversión incluida) es bastante
común y significa “no me imaginaba”.
So it was that, in the first week of May 2003, Richard, Fernanda and
I began broadcasting The Lighthouse. It was a three-hour
programme, from 6 pm to 9 pm, broadcast from a Madrid FM radio
station. That was the seeds of the then latest, but by no means the
last, of Richard’s language teaching revolutions.
This month we celebrate our sixth birthday as Vaughan Radio.
Q. You have worked on the radio for years. What is it you most
like about this profession?
A. In one sense it’s just another job, but it is a job that can bring
a lot of satisfaction. The two programmes I present give me the
chance to work with many and varied wonderful people, and the
chance to research a myriad of different topics and delve into
(investigar) a host (una plethora) of language usages and word
etymologies. To a Gemini that is irresistible. Add to that the fact
This month we talk to Jim
Trainor, Vaughan Radio’s
daytime anchorman. The
popular and groundbreaking
English-language learning
radio station has now been
broadcasting for over six
years and constitutes a
veritable cultural revolution.
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people & places
13
that the microphone seems to love my voice, so what better way of
using this particular talent. My introduction to radio was in the 80s onRadio 80 Serie Oro (Golden Line) on a news and music programme in
English with Douglas Boyd. Douglas and I shared the studio with the
late Antonio Herrero who was on Madrid local news at the time. Who
wouldn’t have enjoyed that? Douglas was the most efficient print
journalist I have met, and Antonio Herrero transformed when he had
a microphone in front of him.
Q. Thousands of listeners tune in every day. Have you ever asked
yourself what the secret of Vaughan Radio’s success is?
A. The radio has the Vaughan seal (sello) of excellence about it that
listeners have learnt to respect, expect and love. How can it not be a
success? It is made in Spain for Spanish learners of the English language;that’s valued – that Made-in-Spain-specially-for-you factor. Also, every
weekday, some fourteen hours of new programmes are created by a
team that obviously love what they are doing, love their own language,
and are sympathetic to the specific problems that the learning of
English gives to Spanish learners; that’s also valued. We know from
listeners’ comments that they tune in to Vaughan Radio not only for
English; they tune in for the content, they love the humour, they love
the personalities, they regard it as a friend, they take it with them
everywhere, loo (el servicio) included! If the signal allows.
Q. The Lighthouse and Time to Put Your Feet Up are the two
programmes that you present. What can you tell readers of VaughanReview about them?
A. The Lighthouse is a late-morning magazine style programme aimed at
listeners with an intermediate level of English. Sometimes the level wanders
higher, but we have the benefit of Fernanda there to get us back down to
earth with a “kiss, kiss” (keep it simple, stupid)! The Lighthouse aims to be
informative, relaxed, stimulating. The guests are an integral part: Maribel
simply loves translating; Madeleine will slip in an Irish poem; Ron brings a
taste of America. The connections to Vaughan Town (Fridays at noon) or the
Residential Courses (Thursdays at noon) are two regular highlights. They
bring weekly testimony to the transforming power of these courses. There
are moments of very moving eloquence; sometimes it will be a Spanish
student, other times one of the Anglos who finds just the right words andexpression to capture just how much the week has meant for them in
terms of English and life. Those are moments that never fail to move me.
El verbo “to move” además de “mover” también significa “conmover”.
Time to Put Your Feet up is aimed at upper intermediate plus students.
Each day brings its special guest – Manuel, Soledad, Juan, Happy Javi, Rafa
and Marta – and each guest brings a particular flavour to the
programme. Whenever we can we read original documents in English
related to events of the day: a letter, a poem, a selection from a short
story or play. Every week seems to bring a highlight which is also a
delight – well, to me at least. To mark the 150th anniversary of the
publication of The Origin of Species this past November, we read anamazing exchange of letters between Charles Darwin and Thomas
Huxley written the week of publication of The Origin. We also learnt
that the postal service was amazingly efficient in the England of 1859!
Q. You speak good Spanish? Where did you learn it?
A. The first time I heard the Spanish language spoken was in Cambridge
1966 and I thought to myself, “Now there’s a language I’ll never understand.”
1966 was my first real acquaintance with native speakers of foreign
languages: French sounded accessible - most of us had schoolboy French
back then - and even German, though unknown to me, sounded potentially
understandable; Italian sounded so delectable that it didn’t matter whether
you understood it or not, but Spanish, oh dear, with its collection of ferocious consonants –the erres, the zetas, and the jotas – no, we would
never be on speaking terms. But first a Spanish wife and then five years in
Guatemala gave me both the love and the need of the language. The few
formal classes I had were in Antigua, Guatemala. Now Antigua is so beautiful
that anything you learn there, you are bound to fall in love with!
“My first acquaintance with something” es mi primer experiencia con algo”.
It was a Cachiquel-speaking Indian in the highlands of Guatemala who
lamented with me, “Ah, Jaime,” he said, “estamos los dos condenados a
hablar español. Algo tenemos en común.”
Q. What recommendations would you give to a Spanish person who
wants to learn English?A. Love the language or need the language, but preferably both. Loving
it helps to bring a smile to the face, and, as we all know, the learning
process is a whole different experience if we are enjoying it. Besides,
when we love someone or something, we’re more likely to be forgiving
of his, her or its foibles (debilidades) and quirks (idiosincrácias). And, my
oh my, does English have foibles and quirks!
Name Jim Trainor
Age Three score years and more
Nationality British
Position Vaughan Radio presenter
Fact Jim presented the first ever programmefor Vaughan Radio together with FernandaSangareau and Richard Vaughan
FACT FILE
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business letter 58
14
Year’s Christmas partySe puede emplear el genitivo sajón con expresiones de tiempo, como “week”, “month”, “day”, etc. Es muy útil
cuando tenemos una frase con muchos sustantivos. Suena poco natural decir “The Christmas party of this year”.
Hay más ejemplos de esta estructura en la carta.
There will be aEsperamos que no hayas puesto nada como “It will have” o “It will be”. “Habrá” es el futuro de “hay” del
verbo “haber”. Se sabe bien que el sujeto con “hay” es “there”, ej: “there is” o “there are”. En el futuro el
sujeto es igual: “habrá” = “THERE will be”. También aparece más veces en la carta.
Chairman and the
managing director.Esto es inglés británico. En inglés americano se dice “President” y “CEO”, que significa “Chief Executive Officer”.
Are welcomeSe puede decir “All members of staff can...”, pero sería una traducción muy plana. Se dice “To be welcome to do
something” en contextos más formales cuando se da permiso para hacer algo, y el permiso se da con mucho gusto.
To remindNo es “to remember”. Cuando quieres recordar a alguien que haga algo nunca se puede decir “to
remember somebody to do something”, siempre se utiliza “to remind”.
Quite a lot of Para traducir “bastante” en inglés, utilizamos “quite + adjetivos”, “quite a bit of + incontables”, “quite a few
+ contables” o “quite a lot of + contables e incontables”.
One raised eyebrowUna expresión bonita en inglés. Cuando nos sorprendemos decimos “to raise an eyebrow”, literalmente
significa “arquear una ceja”.
Queridos Empleados,
La fiesta de Navidad de este año tendrá lugar el día 17 dediciembre y se celebrará en la Sala Wellington del Regency Hotel.
Habrá una cena de gala seguida de los discursos del presidente y la directora general. Después habrá una pequeña ceremonia deentrega de premios para celebrar los logros destacados y parapremiar a los mejores empleados de la empresa. Despuésde los premios habrá una discoteca con barra libre.
Todos los empleados pueden invitar a una personapara acompañarles, aunque hay que informar aRecursos Humanos sobre el nombre de su invitadoantes del 10 de diciembre. Todos los invitados recibirán
una etiqueta con su nombre al llegar a la fiesta.En vista de que habrá muchos clientes importantes dela empresa en la fiesta de este año, nos gustaría recordar a todos los empleados que se espera un comportamientoejemplar en todo momento. En el evento del año pasado hubobastante “exuberancia irracional” lo cual sorprendió bastante a ladirección, ¿hace falta mencionar el famoso incidente del pavo?
Estamos deseando veros a todos allí.
Dear Staff,
This year’s Christmas party will take place on the 17th December and will be held in the Wellington Room of the Regency Hotel.
There will be a formal dinner followed by speeches from thechairman and the managing director.There will then be a small award
ceremony to celebrate the year’s outstanding achievements and to award prizes to the company’s best employees. After the
awards there will be a disco with a free bar.
All members of staff are welcome to invite oneother person to accompany them, although youneed to inform Human Resources of the name of your guest before the 10th December. All guests will
be issued with a name tag on arriving at the party.In view of the fact that there will be many important
company clients at this year’s party we would like toremind all staff that exemplary behaviour is to be expected
at all times. At last year’s event there was quite a lot of “irrationalexuberance” which caused more than one raised eyebrow from the management, need I mention the famous turkey incident?
We look forward to seeing you all there.
I n t e n t a t r a d u c i r
l a c a r t a y l u e g o
c o m p á r a l a c o n l a
n u e s t r a
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marketing
List 21
16
Muchos factores influyen en la conducta del cliente . Many factors influence customer behavior.
¿Cómo podemos influir en su compor tamiento? How can we influence their behavior?
¿Cómo podemos conseguir que compren nuestros productos? How can we get them to buy our products?
¿Cuál es el ciclo vital de este producto? What’s the life cycle of this product?
Las creencias y actitudes cambian con el tiempo. Beliefs and attitudes change over time.
Los líderes de opinión tienen una gran influencia. Opinion leader s have great influence.
Los matrimonios toman decisiones en conjunto. Married couples make joint decisions.
Vamos a preparar un tríptico. We’re going to prepare a three-page leaflet.
La gente no entenderá el mensaje. The people won’t understand the message.
El tipo de letra es demasiado pequeño. The print-type is too small.
Vamos a llenar la ciudad de vallas publicitarias. We’re going to fill the city with billboards.
No creo en la publicidad mediante vallas. I don’t believe in billboard advertising.
¿Cuáles son las tarifas publicitarias? What are the advertising rates?
Las palabras representan una fuerza poderosa. Words are a powerful force.
¿Cómo puedo conseguir que este anuncio resalte? How can I make this ad come alive?
Tu anuncio tiene que ser más específico. Your ad has to be more specific.
Tu anuncio no debe sonar como un anuncio. Your ad shouldn’t sound like an ad.
Tenemos que llegar a cuanta más gente mejor. We have to reach as many people as possible.
Nadie se va a fijar en tus vallas publicitarias. Nobody is going to notice your billboards.
Tenemos que hacernos notar. We have to get ourselves noticed.
C o n s i g u e e n
V a u g h a n T i e n d
a
m a t e r i a l e s p e c í f i c o
p a r a p r o f e s i o n a l e s.
v a u g h a n t i e n d a. c o m
Ponte a prueba. Tapa la columna derecha con un papel y
traduce al inglés las frases en español. Irás ganando en
vocabulario y fluidez, a medida que aumentes el número de
repeticiones.
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Illustrator : Pablo GonzaloArt Editor: Annie Casasús
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Lee cómo Pence aprende que a veces las apariencias engañan.
A FAiry Merry Christmas to you all!
Era principios de diciembre y Pence y R estaban decorando
el árbol de Navidad en casa de R. “¡Qué divertido sería ser
el hada del árbol de Navidad, ahí en la parte de arriba del
árbol de Navidad donde todo el mundo te ve y desde donde
ves a todo el mundo!” dijo Pence. “Nadie presta atención
a las demás decoraciones del árbol pero todo el mundo se
fija en el hada que está en la parte alta del mismo”. “Bueno,
yo no creo que sería muy divertido,” dijo R. “Pero si quieres,
puedes ser mi hada de Navidad este año. La única condición
es que, si decides hacerlo, tendrás que quedarte ahí durante
todo el periodo navideño.” Pence no se lo podía creer y no
dejó escapar la oportunidad. “¿Estás seguro?” preguntó. “Por
supuesto que sí,” dijo R, “pero no olvides la condición”.
Así que Pence escaló hasta la cima del árbol y se acomodó todo lo que pudo. Al principio le resultaba increíble ser el
hada de Navidad. Todo el mundo que venía a casa de R
se fijaba en Pence y le saludaba con la mano. Nunca en
toda su vida Pence se había sentido tan popular. Pero
rápidamente se hartó de sonreír a todo el mundo. Quería
ser él mismo pero no podía: era el hada de Navidad y las
hadas de Navidad tienen que sonreír en todo momento.
Luego, empezó a sentirse físicamente cansado. Era muy duro
estar colgado de la última rama del árbol durante todo el día.
Y ser el centro de atención tampoco era todo lo que él se
había imaginado. Y peor aún, una vez que había comido todos
los Papa Noeles de chocolate, ¡no tenía nada que comer!
Estaba desesperado por bajar del árbol pero R no dejaba
de recordarle lo que habían pactado.
Pero afortunadamente para Pence, alguien llegó a
rescatarlo. En Noche Buena, cuando Santa Claus
llegó a casa de R, el patético aspecto del hada de
Navidad le dio tanta pena que descolgó a Pence
del árbol, le dio un cocotazo, y colocó un hada
de Navidad de verdad en la cima del árbol
de Navidad.
Las cosas que no tenemos a veces
resultan ser más bonitas desde de la
distancia de lo que en realidad son.
It was the beginning of December and Pence and R were
putting up the Christmas tree together at R’s house.
“Wouldn’t it be fun to be the Christmas tree fairy, right
at the top of the Christmas tree where everyone can
see you and you can see everyone?” said Pence. “Nobody
looks at the other decorations on the tree but everybody
looks at the fairy on top”. “Well, I don’t think it would
be much fun,” said R. “But if you like, you can be my
Christmas fairy this year. The only condition is that, if
you decide to do it, you have to stay up there for the
whole of the Christmas period.” Pence couldn’t believe
his luck and jumped at the chance. “Are you sure?” he
asked. “Of course,” said R, “but remember the condition”.
And so, Pence climbed up to the top of the tree andmade himself as comfortable as he could. At first, it was
great being the Christmas fairy. Everybody who came to
R’s house noticed Pence and waved to him. Pence had
never felt so popular in all his life. But he soon got fed up
with smiling at everybody. He wanted to be himself but
he couldn’t – he was the Christmas fairy and Christmas
fairies have to smile all the time.
Then, he began to feel physically tired. It was hard work
hanging on to the top branch of the tree all day long. And
being the centre of attention wasn’t all it had cracked up to
be. And what was worse, once he’d eaten up all the chocolate
Father Christmases, there was nothing for him to eat! He
was desperate to get down off the tree but R kept
reminding him of the agreement they had made.
But fortunately for Pence, someone was there to
help him. On Christmas Eve, when Santa arrived
at R’s house he felt so sorry for the pathetic-
looking Christmas fairy, that he took Pence
down off the tree, gave him a clip round
the ear and put a real Christmas fairy back
at the top of the Christmas tree.
Things we don’t have often
appear better from afar than
they really are.
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LO QUE NECESITAS:
Whywon t
ask mummyand daddy
for help!!!
Mix andmatch
CÓMO JUGAR: Recorta los cuadrados con la ayuda de un adulto e intenta formar 6 frases siguiendo la
estructura gramatical que te indicamos en el ejemplo (si quieres, puedes hacer una fotocopia en color de lapágina). Algo que te puede ayudar a hacerlo correctamente es ir uniendo las fichas por sus colores. Es decir,
el rojo al final de una palabra siempre tiene que coincidir con el rojo al principio de otra.
Scissors
Ha llegado el momento de jugar con las preguntas negativas tipo: “¿Por qué no...?”. Una vez más nos
centraremos en el futuro, ¿recuerdas que ya lo vimos el mes pasado? Pero esta vez con el verbo “to call”
y “to read” en primera, segunda y tercera persona del plural: Por ejemplo:
¿Por qué no llamarán (ellos) a sus primos?
¿Por qué no leeremos (nosotros) la revista?
¿Por qué no llamaréis (vosotros) a tus sobrinos?
¿Por qué no leerán (ellos) el periódico?
¿Por qué no llamaremos (nosotros) a nuestros abuelos?
¿Por qué no leeréis (vosotros) vuestros libros?
Why they call their parents?wont
por que no llamaran a sus padres? ?
whycall their cousins?we Call
they readwhywon t Your nephews?
whywon t youreadour grandparents?
the magazine?They won twhywon t
won twhywe readyour books?
won t whythe paper? Call you
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Encuentra las palabras que te indicamos a continuación en la siguiente sopa de letras:
Word search (Christmas)
R E S P U E S T A S :
1 . C h i m n e y ( C h i m e n e a ) . 2 . C h r i s t m a s c a r d s ( T a r j e t a s d e N a v i d a d ) . 3 . G o l d ( O r o ) .
4 . S h e p h e r d ( P a s t o r ) . 5 . F i r e p l a c e ( C h i m e n e a d e h o g a r ) .
c H r i s t m a s e v e h n b
e o r m o n i t l e g n e l
g l o c t y s r a e t a u w u
r l o r u b t t b s r t n y c
c y m a w h l s e j n i t e o
a a u c h e e e t e t v e a r
h n e k r o t l h r r i f r c
a a t e k m o w l u d t i s h
m y r r h s e r e s i y r e e
p s i t e h s e h a y s e v s
e r a b t i n s e l e c w e t
r u b a u b l e m e k e o a n
o a e t z o m r e m r n r i u
n r o l m n e g u a u e k c t
w m m a r z i P n t o s e s
a
Unscramble the five words below.Anagrams
1. Father Christmas traditionally enters a house through its YCIMHEN.
2. People send MSRHCITAS DRCAS to friends and family at Christmas.
3. DOGL is one of the gifts that the three Wise Men gave to Jesus.
4. A RPHSEHED looks after sheep.5. Children place their shoes on the floor next to the Christmas tree and EAPRIFELC.
p e n c e
a
1. Christmas Eve (Nochebuena)
2. New Year’s Eve (Nochevieja)
3. Jerusalem (Jerusalén)
8. Fireworks (Fuegos artificiales)
4. Nativity Scene (Belén (decoración))
9. Bauble (Bola para el árbol)
7. Cracker (Cohete chino)
6. Mistletoe (Muérdago)
5. Bethlehem (Belén (ciudad))
11. Tinsel (Espumillón)
14. Marzipan (Mazapán)
12. Hamper (Cesta)
16. Angel (Ángel)
17. Myrrh (Mirra)
18. Wreath (Corona)
15. Chestnuts (Castañas)
10. Holly (Acebo)
13. Turkey (Pavo)
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expressions with
21
Don’t rock the boat!
¡No hagas olas!
We’re all in the same boat.
Estamos todos en la misma situación.
You’ve missed the boat!
¡Has perdido el tren!
Don’t burn your boats.
No quemes las naves.
They’ve really pushed the boat out this time.
Han realmente tirado la casa por la ventana esta vez.
Whatever floats your boat!
¡Haz lo que te haga feliz!
It didn’t float my boat.
No me gustó mucho.
I’m not just off the boat; you know?
No soy tan ingenuo, ¿sabes?
Let’s push the boat out and go on holiday.
Tiremos la casa por la ventana y vayamos de vacaciones.
When my boat / ship comes in…
Cuando me toque la lotería… B
O
A T
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It is hard to conceive of a more important
step in the evolution of man than the
development of language. If we look at the
enormous range of species that currently
inhabit our planet, homo sapiens is unique in
being capable of communicating intricately
precise and detailed ideas to other members
of the community, and it is not hard to see
what it has done for us.
We are top of the food chain (cadena
alimenticia), despite being (a pesar de ser)
relatively small and weak when compared to
many other animals. We can inhabit almost
any part of the Earth, despite being physically
poorly equipped to deal with extreme
weather conditions. And despite the fact we
are mortal, people remember us and our
ideas for centuries and centuries after we die
– we pass our knowledge on to future
generations. We owe all of this (debemos
todo esto) to our remarkable ability to shareinformation with each other.
If we could talk to aquatic creatures like squid
(calamares), we'd learn a lot about a whole
terrain of the Earth's surface that remains a
relative mystery to us – the oceans - and we'd
have them carry out tasks (llevar a cabo
tareas) for us deep down in yet another place
where we are not conditioned to survive.
Obviously, there is a link (conexión) between
our power to communicate and our ability to
develop technologies, adapt to different
situations, and above all, survive as a species.
Natural Languages
One of the most important quests (búsqueda)
ever (jamás) undertaken (emprendida) by man
is to try to understand how nature itself works.Moving forward with an unstoppable
momentum provided by the revolution of the
17th century, science is our most important
tool (herramienta) in learning to speak a new
set (conjunto) of languages that will one day
allow us (permitirnos) to do more than just
adapt; we will be able to control.
The languages I mean are, of course, the laws
(las leyes) of nature. They are like the
grammar of a human language, and all physical
objects obey them (les obedecen) - just like the words in this sentence obey cer tain rules
about order and grouping. Unlike what we
can do (a diferencia de lo que podemos
hacer) with the grammar of a human
language, however, we cannot simply change
or disregard the laws of nature as we please.
They are constant and unchanging, and the
task of science is to write the definitive
grammar book and accompanying dictionary.
The trouble is, nature is multilingual. Different
types of physical objects obey different physical,
chemical, and biological laws. This is the reason
why we have the separation between the
natural sciences; a physicist does not need to
be fluent in the laws of biology, just as a
biologist does not need to be fluent in the laws
of physics, and as a result they developed as
two different disciplines. But by speaking to a
physical object in the language it understands,we can do wonderful things with it.
Talking to Nature
It has been known since the 1830s that all living
organisms are built from different kinds of cells
(células), and since the 1950s we have known
that everything about these cells is encoded
(codificado) in their DNA; the instructions in
the genetic code determine exactly what the
cell does. If we could learn this genetic language,
we could play around with the DNA of a cell to try to make it do things of use to us.
It sounds far-fetched (rocambolesco), but it has
already been done. A modified form of the cells
of the e coli bacteria, when fed sugar, produce
100% clean diesel oil! True, it's not the most
useful product we could hope for, but by
unlocking the power of the cell, it is hoped that
genetic engineering like this will enable us to
By Ewan Munro Lecturer in Maths and Physics
LEARNINGNATURE’S
LANGUAGES
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produce chemicals and medicines more
efficiently, cure many illnesses, and grow whole
body parts to replace damaged ones, just to
mention a few possible applications.
Many of the components of cells are of great
interest to us, too. The level of molecular
complexity inside the average cell is astounding
(increíble), with some parts acting as tiny motors,
and others as tiny assemblers that flawlessly
(perfectamente) construct essential proteins. If
we could learn how these microscopic 'devices'
work – how they talk to each other and to other
atoms and molecules – we could make many of our everyday electronic gadgets (chismes /
aparatos) much smaller and more efficient. We
might also be able to develop 'smart drugs'
(medicamentos inteligentes), which would target
damaged cells or tissue without causing harm to
surrounding healthy ones.
Deeper down are atoms and sub-atomic
particles like electrons and protons. These
guys speak a language called quantum
mechanics, which physicists have been
learning for about 80 years or so. Progress has
been good; we can now explain macroscopic
physical properties like shape, colour, and
texture based on the quantum interactions of
microscopic objects like electrons. That's
pretty impressive, but we are probably still
only intermediate-level speakers of this
complex language.
To really be able to perform fancy tricks, we
need to reach the advanced or superior class,
so we can talk to electrons about more
complex issues. You see, nature lets theseobjects behave in ways that bigger things like
footballs, humans, or even cells cannot. If we
learn exactly how nature allows this to
happen, we can join the action and use these
particles to do weird and wonderful things for
us. One highly active line of research is to use
quantum behaviour to perform faster
computations – to build a quantum computer.
Such a machine would leave existing
computers trailing behind like a Formula One
car would a snail, so it is very much in our
interest to develop our knowledge of
quantum theory.
Translating Nature
Modern human civilisation now involves
global issues such as climate change and
economic interdependence on a scale like
never before, and the resolution of the
problems they present us with would beimpossible if people from different countries
could not communicate effectively with each
other. Language is an indispensable tool to
modern man, but as we have seen this does
not just apply to the ability to talk to other
human beings.
Being able to effectively 'communicate' with
fundamental constituents of nature is also an
absolute necessity, if we are to have any
chance of developing the technology we
require to deal with the challenges we face(retos que nos enfrentan). It is the job of
scientists to observe all the different ways
nature expresses itself – all the different
languages it speaks - and then translate them
into terms we can understand.
Translating the laws of nature into English,
Spanish, or any other standard tongue is,
however, pretty lousy and inefficient. Instead
we use a much more powerful alternative –
mathematics. This beautiful and elegant
language will be the subject of next month's
Humanities article.
humanitiesA PASSION FOR LEARNING
23
For more information on the
Humanities program please visit
www.vaughanmaster.com
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He w a s a v i s io n a r y ;
he s t o od u p f o r
wo me n ’ s r i g h t s a l mo s t
t h ree h u nd red ye a r s a g o.
Era un vi sionario
; de f en dió lo s
dere c ho s de la s m
u jere s ha ce ca si
tre s cien to s año s.
Yo u h a ve to s t a nd u
p
f o r me i n t he mee t i n g i f
t he y s t a r t a t t ac k i n g me.
Me tiene s que re s p
al dar
en la reunión si e
m pie zan
a a ta carme.
H o w c a n y o u s t and u p f o r s o me t hi n g i f y o u d o n ’ t r e a l l y b e l i e v e i n i t ? ¿ C ó m o p u e d e s d e f e n d e r a l g o s i n o c r e e s e n e l l o d e v e r d a d ?
W e ha v e t o s t and u p f o r o u r r i g ht s a n d t he r i g ht s o f a l l w o r k e r s .
T e n e m o s q u e d e f e n d e r n u e s t r o s d e r e c h o s y l o s d e r e c h o s d e t o d o s l o s t r a b a j a d o r e s .
T he n e x t t i me y o u ’ l l ha v e t o s t and u p f o r y o u r l i t t l e b r o t he r .La p r ó x i m
a v e z t e n d r á s q u e d e f e n d e r a t u h e r m a n o p e q u e ñ o .
Do n ’ t be a w u s s !
S t a nd u p f o r yo
u r se l f.
¡No sea s blan den gu
e !
De f ién de te.
To Stand up forDefender(se) / Hacer frente a
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phrasal verbs
25
I f i nd i t d i f f ic u l t to re ad
te x t me s s a g e s t he se d a y s ; I
h a ve no ide a w h a t a l l t he se
a b b re v i a t io n s s t a
nd f o r.
Me cue s ta leer lo s
S M S de ho y en d
ía;
no ten go ni i dea
de lo que si gni f i c
an
to da s e s ta s abre
via tura s.
I wo n ’ t s t a nd f o r
t h a t k i nd o f l a n g u a g e
i n m y ho u se.
No a dmi to e se ti po de
len gua je en mi ca sa.
I ’ l l v o t e f o r y o u r p a r t y i f y o u c a n e x p l a i n t o me e x a c t l y w ha t i t i s t ha t i t s t and s f o r .T u p a r t i d o t e n d r á m i v o t o s i m e
p u e d e s e x p l i c a r e x a c t a m e n t e q u é e s l o q u e r e p r e s e n t a .
I s i t t r u e t ha t O K s t and s f o r “ Z e r o K i l l e d ” ?
¿ E s c i e r t o q u e O K s i g n i f i c a “ C e r o p e r s o n a s m a t a d a s ” ?
W ha t d o e s “ W T F ” s t and f o r ?
¿ Q u é s i g n i f i c a “ W T F ” ?
I wo n ’ t
s t a nd f o r t h a t !
¡E so no lo a dmi to !
To Stand forSignificar / Representar / Admitir
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somethingTO CHEW OVER
26
1
1.a. Would you like a toast?
1.b. Would you like one toast?
1.c. Would you like a peace of toast?
1.d. Would you like a slice of toast? 1
2.a. Why we don’t have brunch?
2.b. Why don’t we have blunch?
2.c. Why don’t we have brunch?
2.d. Why we don’t have blunch?
13.a. Can you pass the butter to me?
3.b. Can you pass me the butter?
3.c. Can you pass to me the butter?
3.d. Can you to pass the butter to me?
14.a. Sorry! The toast’s a bit burnt on the edges.
4.b. Sorry! The toast’s a bit burnt in the edges.
4.c. Sorry! The toast’s a bit burnt in the borders.
4.d. Sorry! The toast’s a bit burnt on the border.
15.a. Quick! We’re going to be late!
5.b. Quickly! We’re going to arrive late!
5.c. Quick! We’re going to get there lately!
5.d. Quickly! We’re going to get late!
16.a. I’ve still got to brush me the teeth.
6.b. I’ve got still to wash me the teeth.
6.c. I still have got to wash my teeth.
6.d. I’ve still got to brush my teeth.
17.a. Have you seen my scarf anywhere about?
7.b. Have you seen my scarf in any place?
7.c. Have you seen my scarf at any place?
7.d. Have you seen my scarf by anywhere?
18.a. Did you padlock the house?
8.b. Did you locker the front door?
8.c. Did you lock the front door?
8.d. Did you padlock the main door?
¡Algo para pensar!
Abajo encontrarás una serie de frases. Sólo una es correcta en cada caso, bien sea por razones gramaticales o por el contexto.
Piensa la respuesta muy bien antes de contestar y piensa el porqué de la respuesta correcta y de las incorrectas. Como
siempre, las respuestas vienen en la página 28 con sus correspondientes explicaciones.
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answersSOMETHING TO CHEW OVER
28
Aquí estamos ante uno de los errores más comunes que cometenlos españoles cuando quieren integrarse en la cocina conangloparlantes. “Remover” no se traduce ni “move” (cambiar desitio) ni “remove” (quitar). A veces se dice en las recetas “remove
the sauce” pero casi siempre se añade “from the heat” . En cuantoa “moven” me lo inventé para la ocasión.
Aquí estamos ante uno de los errores más comunes que cometenlos españoles cuando quieren integrarse en la cocina conangloparlantes. “Remover” no se traduce ni “move” (cambiar desitio) ni “remove” (quitar). A veces se dice en las recetas “remove
the sauce” pero casi siempre se añade “from the heat” . En cuantoa “moven” me lo inventé para la ocasión.
En inglés “toast” no es contable por lo que solemosreferirnos a “some toast” o “a slice of toast” . Se puede también decir “a piece of toast” pero no “a peace of toast”
(“¡una paz de tostada!” ).
1. D
Aquí estamos ante uno de los errores más comunes que cometenlos españoles cuando quieren integrarse en la cocina conangloparlantes. “Remover” no se traduce ni “move” (cambiar desitio) ni “remove” (quitar). A veces se dice en las recetas “remove
the sauce” pero casi siempre se añade “from the heat” . En cuantoa “moven” me lo inventé para la ocasión.
Aquí estamos ante uno de los errores más comunes que cometenlos españoles cuando quieren integrarse en la cocina conangloparlantes. “Remover” no se traduce ni “move” (cambiar desitio) ni “remove” (quitar). A veces se dice en las recetas “remove
the sauce” pero casi siempre se añade “from the heat” . En cuantoa “moven” me lo inventé para la ocasión.
Preguntas en negativo. ¡Ya lo sabes! “Dont” siempre ha depreceder al sujeto en estos casos. Por otro lado “brunch” escomo un desayuno muy fuerte que se toma a mediamañana para prescindir tanto del desayuno como delalmuerzo. Se emplea ya como término en el castellano.
2. C
Aquí estamos ante uno de los errores más comunes que cometenlos españoles cuando quieren integrarse en la cocina conangloparlantes. “Remover” no se traduce ni “move” (cambiar desitio) ni “remove” (quitar). A veces se dice en las recetas “remove
the sauce” pero casi siempre se añade “from the heat” . En cuantoa “moven” me lo inventé para la ocasión.
Aquí estamos ante uno de los errores más comunes que cometenlos españoles cuando quieren integrarse en la cocina conangloparlantes. “Remover” no se traduce ni “move” (cambiar desitio) ni “remove” (quitar). A veces se dice en las recetas “remove
the sauce” pero casi siempre se añade “from the heat” . En cuantoa “moven” me lo inventé para la ocasión.
¡Facilísimo! La estructura aquí es exactamente la misma queen español en el imperativo: “pass someone something” .
3. B
Aquí estamos ante uno de los errores más comunes que cometenlos españoles cuando quieren integrarse en la cocina conangloparlantes. “Remover” no se traduce ni “move” (cambiar desitio) ni “remove” (quitar). A veces se dice en las recetas “remove
the sauce” pero casi siempre se añade “from the heat” . En cuantoa “moven” me lo inventé para la ocasión.
Aquí estamos ante uno de los errores más comunes que cometenlos españoles cuando quieren integrarse en la cocina conangloparlantes. “Remover” no se traduce ni “move” (cambiar desitio) ni “remove” (quitar). A veces se dice en las recetas “remove
the sauce” pero casi siempre se añade “from the heat” . En cuantoa “moven” me lo inventé para la ocasión.
“El borde” de algo siempre es “the edge” y nunca “the
border” que signfica “frontera” . Empleamos la preposición“on” y a veces “at” con la palabra “edge” pero nunca “in” .
4. A
Aquí estamos ante uno de los errores más comunes que cometenlos españoles cuando quieren integrarse en la cocina conangloparlantes. “Remover” no se traduce ni “move” (cambiar desitio) ni “remove” (quitar). A veces se dice en las recetas “remove
the sauce” pero casi siempre se añade “from the heat” . En cuantoa “moven” me lo inventé para la ocasión.
Aquí estamos ante uno de los errores más comunes que cometenlos españoles cuando quieren integrarse en la cocina conangloparlantes. “Remover” no se traduce ni “move” (cambiar desitio) ni “remove” (quitar). A veces se dice en las recetas “remove
the sauce” pero casi siempre se añade “from the heat” . En cuantoa “moven” me lo inventé para la ocasión.
A la hora de decirle a alguien “¡Rápido!” no hay diferenciaentre “Quick!” y “Quickly!” Normalmente “llegar tarde” sedice “to be late” . Sólo empleamos el verbo “arrive” simencionamos el destino (al igual que ocurre con “get” , unverbo que empleamos más a menudo que “arrive” ). Por otro lado, “lately” significa “últimamente” por lo que noviene a caso aquí.
5. A
Aquí estamos ante uno de los errores más comunes que cometenlos españoles cuando quieren integrarse en la cocina conangloparlantes. “Remover” no se traduce ni “move” (cambiar desitio) ni “remove” (quitar). A veces se dice en las recetas “remove
the sauce” pero casi siempre se añade “from the heat” . En cuantoa “moven” me lo inventé para la ocasión.
Aquí estamos ante uno de los errores más comunes que cometenlos españoles cuando quieren integrarse en la cocina conangloparlantes. “Remover” no se traduce ni “move” (cambiar desitio) ni “remove” (quitar). A veces se dice en las recetas “remove
the sauce” pero casi siempre se añade “from the heat” . En cuantoa “moven” me lo inventé para la ocasión.
En inglés no podemos decir “to wash your teeth” . Fíjate queempleamos el adjetivo posesivo como suele ocurrir alreferirnos a las diferentes partes del cuerpo humano. Eladverbio “still” se coloca inmediatamente después delverbo auxiliar (“have” en este caso).
6. D
Aquí estamos ante uno de los errores más comunes que cometenlos españoles cuando quieren integrarse en la cocina conangloparlantes. “Remover” no se traduce ni “move” (cambiar desitio) ni “remove” (quitar). A veces se dice en las recetas “remove
the sauce” pero casi siempre se añade “from the heat” . En cuantoa “moven” me lo inventé para la ocasión.
Aquí estamos ante uno de los errores más comunes que cometenlos españoles cuando quieren integrarse en la cocina conangloparlantes. “Remover” no se traduce ni “move” (cambiar desitio) ni “remove” (quitar). A veces se dice en las recetas “remove
the sauce” pero casi siempre se añade “from the heat” . En cuantoa “moven” me lo inventé para la ocasión.
La forma más habitual de decir “en algún sitio” dentro deun contexto en el interrogativo es “anywhere about” . Lasdemás opciones no tienen sentido en inglés.
7. A
Aquí estamos ante uno de los errores más comunes que cometenlos españoles cuando quieren integrarse en la cocina conangloparlantes. “Remover” no se traduce ni “move” (cambiar desitio) ni “remove” (quitar). A veces se dice en las recetas “remove
the sauce” pero casi siempre se añade “from the heat” . En cuantoa “moven” me lo inventé para la ocasión.
Aquí estamos ante uno de los errores más comunes que cometenlos españoles cuando quieren integrarse en la cocina conangloparlantes. “Remover” no se traduce ni “move” (cambiar desitio) ni “remove” (quitar). A veces se dice en las recetas “remove
the sauce” pero casi siempre se añade “from the heat” . En cuantoa “moven” me lo inventé para la ocasión.
El verbo “to padlock” significa “cerrar con candado” , algoque nadie (o casi nadie) hace. “Locker” no es un verbo sinoun sustantivo que significa “taquilla” . Por otro lado,podemos decir tanto “to lock the house” como “to lock the
front door” . “Main door” sólo se emplearía para referirnos ala puerta principal de un edificio que no fuera un hogar.
8. C
Aquí tienes las respuestas al reto que te propusimos en la página 26. La idea no es sólo acertar, sino también sacar provecho de las respuestas erróneas que, en muchos casos, son errores típicos.
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How about going to the supermarket?
How about asking the boss for his opinion?
How about sending a thank you letter?
How about arranging a meeting?
How about meeting in Pontevedra?
How about trying to raise more money?
How about bringing in some new blood?
How about organizing a press conference?
How about throwing a party?
How about taking a taxi instead of the train?
How about making a surprise visit?
How about building a bridge?
How about setting up a committee?
How about getting in contact with head office?
How about cutting the advertising budget?
How about commissioning a report?
You want to go to the supermarket.
You want to ask the boss for his opinion.
You want to send a thank you letter.
You want to arrange a meeting.
You want to meet in Pontevedra.
You want to try to raise more money.
You want to bring in some new blood.
You want to organize a press conference.
You want to throw a party.
You want to take a taxi instead of the train.
You want to make a surprise visit.
You want to build a bridge.
You want to set up a committee.
You want to get in contact with head office.
You want to cut the advertising budget.
You want to commission a report.
masteringTHE INTERROGATIVE 54
30
Often, when we make a suggestion, we use the structure:
“How about + -ing...?” Read the left-hand column and make asuggestion with “How about...?” according to what it says you
want to do.
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
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elision fields
31
‘ÍNTAZA’ Yet another look at the way we slide one word into another creating “new words” which soundunintelligible to a Spaniard. For example, when we say “itsa” we are actually using three words you knowperfectly well - it + is + a. It is essential to learn these “new words” as it will help your understanding of thespoken language enormously. Recognizing these contractions or, in some cases, elisions, represents the key toreaching a better understanding of English as spoken by native speakers. It is the key to “English Paradise”.Don’t forget that the “Elision Fields” are right before the “Elysian Fields”.
In last month’s Elision Fields we looked at the way we pronounce “out of the” (aúdoza). Now we’re going to look at theopposite expression “into the” (íntaza).
L a p á g i n a q u e t e a y u d a c o n l a c o m p r e n s i ó n
Get ÍNTAZA car, will you!Entra en el coche ¿quieres?
Get into the car, will you!
Put the glasses ÍNTAZA box carefully.Pon los vasos en la caja con cuidado.
Put the glasses into the box carefully.
They didn’t let him ÍNTAZA restaurant.No le dejaron entrar en el restaurante.
They didn’t let him into the restaurant.
He scored 5 minutes ÍNTAZA match. Marcó a los 5 minutos de empezar el partido.
He scored 5 minutes into the match.
Who pushed you ÍNTAZA pool? ¿Quién te tiró a la piscina?
Who pushed you into the pool?
The party lasted well ÍNTAZA the night.La fiesta duró hasta las tantas.
The party lasted well into the night.
He eventually got ÍNTAZA office at 11 am.Finalmente llegó a la oficina a las 11 a.m.
He eventually got into the office at 11 am.
I can’t get ÍNTAZA building! ¡No puedo entrar en el edificio!
I can’t get into the building!
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translation list
34
1. Cancélalo. 1. Cancel it.
2. Cámbialo por otro. 2. Change it for another (one).3. No lo limpies con eso. 3. Don’t clean it with that.
4. No los cubras. 4. Don’t cover them.
5. No llores tanto. 5. Don’t cry so much.
6. Disfruta con ello. 6. Enjoy it.
7. Explica todo. 7. Explain everything.
8. No les mates. 8. Don’t kill them.
9. No me mientas. 9. Don’t lie to me.
10. Muévelo al otro lado del cuarto. 10. Move it to the other side of the room.
C o n s i g u e t u
T r a n s l a t i o n
B o o k l e t
Ponte a prueba. Tapa la columna derecha con un papel y traduce al
inglés las frases en español. Comprobarás que tu nivel mejora a medidaque avanzas en la lista. Incluimos dos listas para diferentes niveles.
Nivel Principiante (LISTA 19)
1. El ciego me llevó al quiosco. 1. The blind man took me to the news-stand.
2. Le pregunté si quería que le comprara una revista. 2. I asked him if he wanted me to buy him a magazine .
3. Él me recordó que era ciego. 3. He reminded me that he was blind.
4. Deja de molestarme. 4. Stop bothering me.
5. No entendía ni una palabra. 5. I didn’t understand a single word.
6. Hablaba como si tuviera canicas en la boca. 6. He talked as if he had marbles in his mouth.
7. Le pedí que hablara más despacio. 7. I asked him to speak more slowly.
8. No me hizo caso. 8. He ignored me.
9. Me fui de la reunión. 9. I left the meeting.
10. Eres un caso perdido. 10. You’re a lost case.
Nivel Avanzado (LISTA 19)
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creepy corner
35
L a p á g i n a d e
l o s
e r r o r e s m á s
c o m u n e s y m
á s
h o r r i b l e s
El TERRIBLE... “all THE day”Para referirnos a “todo el día” en inglés decimos literalmente “todo día”. Lo mismo
sucede con las expresiones “toda la semana”, “todo el mes”, “todo el año”, etc. En
todos estos casos omitimos el artículo “the” y por tanto decimos: “all week”, “all
month”, “all year”, pero nunca “all the week”, “all the month”, “all the year”. ¡No lo olvides!
El bebé estuvo llorando toda la mañana. The baby was crying all morning.
Cuando estuvimos en Estambul mi maridoestuvo toda la semana haciendo fotos.
When we were in Istanbul my husbandwas taking photos all week .
Ella se pasó todo el día hablandopor teléfono con sus amigas.
She was on the phone all day talking to her friends.
Estuvimos todo el mes buscando un sitio para alquilar. We were looking for a place to rent all month.
Se quedaron todo el fin de semana con sus vecinosporque les estaban pintando la casa.
They stayed with their neighbours all weekend because they were having their house painted.
Cuando viví en Inglaterra recuerdoque llovió todo el año.
When I lived in England I remember it rained all year.
Cuando fue a Galicia comió marisco todo el mes. When he went to Galicia he ate shellfish all month.
Tuvo que trabajar todo el fin de semanapara terminar el informe a tiempo. She had to work all weekend to finish the report on time.
La última vez que tuvo gripe se pasótoda la semana en la cama.
When she last had the flu she spent all week in bed.
Ayer estuve todo el día mirando por la ventana. Yesterday I was looking out of the window all day.
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