espaÑol ii srta. forgue el 10 de enero de 2011. ahora mismo juega hangman con el vocabulario de...

ESPAÑOL IISrta. Forgue

El 10 de enero de 2011

Ahora mismo

Juega HANGMAN con el vocabulario de Lección 3 en la pizarra (págs. 92-94).

Inspección de 5 puntos y tarea de anoche

A tiempo Ropa Cuaderno Libro Bolígrafo

La tarea de anoche fue: ej. 6, pág. 103

Repaso de la tarea

Lee un ejemplo de las definiciones (de la tarea). Los compañeros de clase van a estimar las respuestas.

La tarea de anoche fue: ej. 6, pág. 103

Objetivos de hoy

Estudiar los mandatos formales en las págs. 104-105 del libro Aprender como dar mandatos a personas

con quienes tienes relaciones formales (Ud./Uds.)

Completar INTÉNTALO en la pág. 105

Formal commands (104-105)

MANDATOS FORMALES

What are formal commands? As you learned in Lección 2, the command

forms are used to give orders or advice. What are some examples of commands in English?

You have already learned informal commands, which are used with people you are familiar with or address as tú.

Formal commands are used with people you address as usted or ustedes.

Who do you call Usted?

Usted or Ustedes is a formal way to address people. It is used to show respect or maintain a certain distance with a person.

We use Ud. (or the plural Uds.) with: someone you don't know well an older person an authority figure (a boss, a teacher, a policeman) someone who you know but are not close to (a neighbor) Someone you usually address by a title (Dr. Rodríguez,

Sra. López, Sir Elton John…) anyone to whom you wish to show respect

¿Tú, Ud., o Uds.?

Mr. and Mrs. Rigney Your best friend A sales associate at a

store Your sister or brother A classmate A dentist An elderly couple on the

subway Someone you have just

met

How do you form a formal command?

1. The usted and ustedes commands, like the negative tú commands, are formed first by dropping the final -o of the yo form of the present tense.

hablar hablo habl

beber bebo beb

vivir vivo viv

How do you form a formal command?

The next step is to add the right ending. For -ar verbs, add -e for Ud. or –en for Uds.

hablar hablo habl hable Ud. / hablen Uds.

For -er and -ir verbs, add -a for Ud. or –an for Uds.

beber bebo beb beba Ud. / beban Uds.

vivir vivo viv viva Ud. / vivan Uds.

Tips for forming the formal command

You always start with the “yo” form of the present tense verb. If you do not remember it, use the verb charts in the back of your textbook or your notes from previous chapters.

Some “yo” forms are irregular or have weird spelling changes. These changes remain!

Ex: decir digo dig diga Ud. / digan Uds.

Tips for forming the formal command

After you have identified the present tense yo form and taken off the final “O,” you might find it hard to remember which endings to choose from.

Think of AR verbs being its own team, and ER/IR verbs on another. Consider the two teams opposites. When you make a formal command, you are adding an “opposite” ending from the original infinitive.

normally have endings normally have endings with “a” in them with “e” in them

AR ARER IR

Tips for forming the formal command

Example:cantar canto cant cante or canten

In this example, he infinitive has -ar as an ending, so you choose the “OPPOSITE” type of ending (-e or -en) to complete the command.

If you were to use “canta” and not “cante” it would be wrong. “Canta” can mean “she or he sings” in the present indicative tense or “you (formal) sing.” It is also the tú command, but not the Ud. command.

Making the command negative An affirmative command is given when you do

want the person to complete the given action. Example: Wash the dishes / Lave los platos.

A negative command is given when you do not want the person to complete the given action. Example: Do not wash the plates. / No lave los

platos.

To make a formal command negative, simply place no before the verb.

Resumen

The usted and ustedes commands, like the negative tú commands, are formed by dropping the final -o of the yo form of the present tense. For -ar verbs, add -e or -en. For -er and -ir verbs, add -a or -an.

Resumen

Formal commands are used with people you address as usted or ustedes.

Usted or Ustedes is a formal way to address people. It is used to show respect or maintain a certain distance with a person.

An affirmative command is given when you do want the person to complete the given action.

A negative command is given when you do not want the person to complete the given action.

Let’s try some examples!

1. hablar (Ud.) __________________2. tomar (Uds.) __________________3. No beber (Ud.) _________________4. No cantar (Uds.) ________________5. escribir (Uds.) __________________6. No aprender (Ud.) _______________7. bailar (Uds.) ___________________8. No sacudir (Ud.) ________________9. *hacer (Ud.) ___________________10. *No tener (Uds.) ________________

Formal commands (104-105)

MANDATOS FORMALES: PART 2

Repaso

We learned how to form a basic formal command with regular verbs.

The usted and ustedes commands are formed first by dropping the final -o of the yo form of the present tense.

hablar hablo hablbeber bebo beb

vivir vivo viv

Repaso

The next step is to add the right ending. For -ar verbs, add -e for Ud. or –en for Uds.

hablar hablo habl hable Ud. / hablen Uds.

For -er and -ir verbs, add -a for Ud. or –an for Uds.

beber bebo beb beba Ud. / beban Uds.

vivir vivo vivviva Ud. / vivan Uds.

What to do with irregular YO forms Verbs with irregular yo forms maintain the

same irregularity in their formal commands. These verbs include

conducir conduzco conocer conduzco decir digo hacer hago ofrecer ofrezco oír oigo poner pongo

•salir salgo•tener tengo•traducir traduzco•traer traigo•venir vengo•ver veo

What to do with irregular YO forms After getting the correct yo form and

dropping the “o,” you still proceed as usual, adding –e or –en for AR verbs and –a or –an for ER and IR verbs.

What to do with stem-changing verbs

Note also that verbs maintain their stem changes in usted and ustedes commands.

Examples: pensar (e:ie) pienso piens piense

Ud./piensen Uds. volver (o:ue) vuelvo vuelv vuelva

Ud./vuelvan Uds. pedir (e:i) pido pid pida Ud. / pidan

Uds.

More spelling changes

Verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar have a spelling change in the command forms to preserve the hard consonant sound.

What to do with stem-changing verbs

Common stem-changing verbs include:e:iecomenzar comienzoempezar empiezoentender entiendopensar piensoperder pierdopreferir prefiero

o:uevolver vuelvopoder puedoencontrar encuentromostrar muestrodormir duermo

e:iservir sirvorepetir repitopedir pido

Let’s try some examples!

1. hacer la cama (Ud.) _____________________Make the bed.

2. tener cuidado (Uds.) _____________________Be careful.

3. no perder la llave (Ud.) ____________________Don’t lose the key.

4. volver a la casa (Uds.) _____________________Return to the house.

5. pensar en su futuro (Ud.) __________________Think of your future.

Formal commands (104-105)

MANDATOS FORMALESPART 3

Repaso

What is a formal command? A command given to someone you would normally address

as Ud. or Uds. Examples: “Hable Ud.” “Coman Uds.” How do you form the command?

You take the present tense “yo” form of the verb, drop the “o” and add –e and –en for AR verbs and –a and –an for ER/IR verbs. You do this with stem-changing and irregular verbs as well.

hablar hablo habl hable Ud. / hablen Uds

vivir vivo viv viva Ud. / vivan Uds

pensar pienso piens piense Ud. / piensen Uds

How do you make the command negative? Simply add “no” in front of the verb.

Review Exercises

1. (Ud. - llevar) _______________ los libros a la biblioteca.

2. (Uds. - dormir) no ____________ en la clase.

3. (Uds. – tener) _______________ cuidado con los vasos.

4. (Ud. - volver) _______________ temprano.

5. (Ud. - comer) _______________ la ensalada.

6. (Uds. - pedir) no _______________ preguntas ahora, por favor.

7. (Ud. - hacer) _______________ la tarea para mañana.

8. (Uds. - salir) no _______________ del hotel.

9. (Ud. – bailar) ____________ el flamenco conmigo.

Irregular Commands

These verbs have irregular formal commands.

All you really need to remember is 5 Ud. commands – simply add an “n” to get the Uds. command.

Los pronombres objetivos What is an object pronoun? Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns.

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS directly receive the action of the verb.

me (me)te (you-familiar)lo, la (him, her, it, you-formal)nos (us)os (you-all-familiar)los, las (them, you-all-formal)

INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS identify to whom or for whom an action is done. These are PERSONAL pronouns and never refer to inanimate objects.

me (to/for me)te (to/for you-familiar)le (to/for him, her, you-formal)nos (to/him us)os (to/for you-all-familiar)les (to/for them, you-all-formal)

Los pronombres objetivos

Look at this example:1. “Mary gives the present to John.”• What is the verb? To give. • What is being given? The present. “THE PRESENT”

is a direct object. • To whom is the present intended? To John. “TO

JOHN” is the indirect object.2. Now look at this sentence:

“Mary gives it to him”Notice we replaced “the present” with the DOP “it” and “to John” with the IOP “to him.” You will need to understand this concept as much as possible before using pronouns with commands.

Los pronombres reflexivos

Reflexive pronouns are used whenever the subject of a verb is also its object. In other words, reflexive pronouns are used when the subject of a sentence is acting on itself.

Example: I wash myself (Me lavo). The person doing the action is also receiving the action.

Reflexive pronouns:me — myself te — yourselfse — yourself (formal), himself, herself, itself, oneself nos — ourselvesos — yourselvesse — yourselves (formal), themselves

Mandatos con los pronombresIn affirmative commands, reflexive,

indirect and direct object pronouns are always attached to the end of the verb.

Ejemplo: lavarlos (Uds.) lávenlos tenerla (Ud.) téngala

Mandatos com los pronombres ¡Atención! When a pronoun is attached to an affirmative

command that has two or more syllables, an accent mark is added to maintain the original stress. Usually if there is only one pronoun attached, the trick is to place the stress on the 3rd syllable from the end of the word.

Example: EN-VI-E-LO. (Send it)Where do you place the accent? Envíelo.If it were EN-VI-E-ME-LO (Send me it), it would still be in the

same place: Envíemelo.

Mandatos con los pronombres In negative commands, these pronouns always

precede the verb. If there is one, the IOP always comes first, and then

the DOP if there is one. Remember that “people always come first”

No decirselo (not to tell him it) No se (to him) lo diga/n.

No traermelo (not to bring it to me) No me (to me) lo traiga/n.

Tip: Place extra emphasis on the negative command by spacing out all of the words –perhaps you are being extra clear because you REALLY don’t want them to do something.

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved.

3.2-38

Indica los mandatos (commands) afirmativos y negativos correspondientes.

1. escucharlo (Ud.) _____________. _____________.

2. decírmelo (Uds.) _____________. _____________.

3. salir (Ud.) _____________. _____________.

4. servírnoslo (Uds.) _____________. _____________.

5. barrerla (Ud.) _____________. _____________.

6. hacerlo (Ud.) _____________. _____________.

Escúchelo No lo escuche

INTÉNTALO

Tarea

Pág. 106, ej. 1 INTENTALO, pág. 105 (period B)