brucebator presentation c3ae
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8/10/2019 BruceBator Presentation C3AE
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ProtectingElectricalEquipment
inHazardousLocations
Overviewoffundamentalsinregardstovariousstandards
Presentedby: BruceBator
EngineeringManager
PhoenixMecano Inc.
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KeyObjectives Providehistoricaloverviewofhazardouslocations
ProvideExfundamentalsinregardstoignitionprevention
Explanation
of
Zone
classifications
/relationship
to
Division
DiscussprotectionmethodologiesinvariousZones
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AHistoricalPerspective
1815:TheDavyLampwasintroduced.
Reasonablyrecognizedasfirsthazardous
locationapparatus.
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MiningIndustryFlammablegases(methane)
Flammabledust(coaldust)
OilandGasIndustryFlammablegases&liquids
ChemicalIndustyFlammablegases,liquids&solids
EnergyProduction
Flammablegases&oils
Coaldust
PaintingIndustryFlammableliquids&powders
FoodstuffIndustryCombustabledusts(Flour,Sugar)
AgricultureBiogases
DisposalIndustryFlammablegases,liquids&solids
Recycling
IndustryFlammablegases,liquids&solids
MetalProcessingWelding,cutoff&grinding
processes
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In
order
for
combustion
to
occur,
all
three
(3)
legs
must
be
present,eliminateanyleg,andtheexplosioncannothappen
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Inhazardouslocations,thegoalistopreventignitionbyproviding
protectionmethodsthat
Preventexplosiveatmosphere
Avoidignition
Limittheeffectsofanexplosiontoanacceptablelevel
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PrimaryMeasure
Preventanexplosiveatmosphere
Methods
Ventilationsystems
Gasdetectionsystems
Additionofinertmaterialstodevices
Preventintroductionofcombustiblematerials
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SecondaryMeasure
Avoidignition
Methods
Employingprotective
measures
against
ignition
Classifyingmaterials,areas,anddevices
Definingacceptabletemperatures
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Ignition
Sources
Hotsurfaces
Electricalarcsandsparks
Electrostaticdischarge
Atmosphericdischarge
Mechanicalsparks
Chemicalreaction
Openflame
Electromagneticradiation
Opticalradiation
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ClassifyingMaterials
GasesandVapors(ClassI)flashpoint
ignitiontemperature
maximumsafegap
temperatureclass
DustandParticles(ClassII)smolderingtemperature
ignitiontemperature
minimumignitiontemperature
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ClassifyingAreas
Group
I
Devicesforminingindustrywheremightbe
minegasorcombustible
dust
Subdivisionin
following
categories
M1 M2
Group
II
Devicesforallotherareaswheremightbe
hazardousatmosphere
SubdivisionintoGasandDustareas
Gas(G) Dust(D)
Subdivisioninto categories
1 2 3
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Gas(G)andDust(D)aremaintainedasseparateareas
Eachareahas3categoriesthataredesignatedzones
Zonesdescribetheamountanddurationofmaterialpresent
Zone0,20:(Category1)Combustibleconcentrationsare
presentcontinuously
or
for
long
periods
under
normal
operatingconditions
Zone1,21:(Category2)Combustibleconcentrationsare
likelytobepresentundernormaloperatingconditions
Zone2,22:(Category3)Combustibleconcentrationsarenot
likelyto
exist
under
normal
operating
conditions
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DifferencebetweenNEC500&NEC505
Division1 Division2
1(Zone0,20)
2(Zone1,21)
3(Zone2,22)
Division1:Combustibleconcentrationscanexistsomeorallofthetimeundernormaloperatingconditions
Division2:Combustibleconcentrationnotlikelytoexistundernormaloperatingconditions
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ClassifyingDevicesEach
electrical
device
which
is
to
be
used
within
an
Ex
area
has
to
be
Ex
approved.
Each
device
is
approvedforuseinacategory. Thelowerthecategorynumber,themoreareasthedevicecanbe
usedin. ThecategoryinformationdefineswhichExzonesthisspecificdeviceisallowedtobe
used.
category approval can be used in zone
3G 22G 1, 2
1G 0, 1, 2
3D 22
2D 21, 22
1D 20, 21, 22
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DefiningTemperature
Themaximumtemperatureofanelectricdevicemustalways
belowerthantheignitiontemperatureofthegas.
Accordingtheirignitiontemperature,gasesaretobedivided
intotemperature
classes
(T1
to
T6).
Conversely,electricaldevicesareselectedaccordingtheir
maximumworkingtemperature,andareplacedintothe
appropriatetemperatureclass.
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TemperatureClassifications
TClass Max SurfaceTemp Ignitiontempofmaterial
T1 450C >450C
T2 300C >300C
T3 200C >200C
T4 135C >135C
T5 100C >100C
T6 85C
>
85C
Tm
Ta To
To Surfacetemperature
Tm Internalheatingtemperature
Ta
Ambienttemperature
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ComparisonofAcceptableProtectionMethodsClassIDivision1 ClassIZone0
IntrinsicSafety Intrinsic
Safety
"ia"
Explosionproof Encapsulation"ma"
Purge/Pressurized(TypeXorY)
ClassIZone1
Flameproof"d"
Intrinsicsafety"ib"
Encapsulated"mb"
PowderFilling"q"
OilImmersion
"o"
IncreasedSafety"e"
Pressurization"px"or"py"
Class1Division2 ClassIZone2
HermeticallySealed Encapsulated"mc"
Nonincendive Intrinsicsafety"mc"
Nonsparking Pressurization"pz"
Purge/Pressurized(TypeZ) EnergyLimited"nL/nC"
Nonsparking
"nA"
Restrictedbreathing"nR"
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KeyTake
Aways
TheuseofClassZoneinUSAbringscloseralignmentto
internationalcommunity
TheuseofClassZoneallowspossibleprotectionmethodsnot
allowedunder
Class
Division
Youstillmustuseanapprovedprotectionmethodforthearea
youareplacingthedevice
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