aula 8 (23nov2016)
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#8
23.11.2016
#DataIntensiveScience#openscience
#science2.0
#citizenscience
#database
#network
#datadrivenscience
#datamining
#dataanalytics
#crowdsourcing
#conhecimento
individual > hyperlinked ideas > crowd
#produçãodeconhecimento
#technicalchange
#socialchange#education
#ocw
#mooc
#publishing
#open
#wiki
#memory
#IP
#infraestruturanatural sc
medical sc
engineering sc
art sc
social sc
humanities
#Cooperação
#Internacional
#Cooperação
#Internacional
I&Deias sem fronteiras
Temáticas globais (ex.alterações climáticas)
Mobilidade de Investigadores (ex.Europa>>US,WWII)
Desenvolvimento das TIC
Cooperação científica>>Cimento para alianças
políticas
#Cooperação
#Internacional
Regulamentação
Financiamento
Compromisso
Integridade
Ensino Superior<Globalização
[Exemplo PT = Parcerias Internacionais Universidades US
#Science
#Diplomacy“broadly defined as cooperation
among countries or regions
to solve complex problems
through scientific research.”
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Governo quer pôr cientistas em missões diplomáticas no
estrangeiroO objectivo é que os investigadores actuem como conselheiros científicos.LUSA
20 de Outubro de 2016, 17:55
O Governo pretende colocar investigadores doutorados em missões diplomáticas de Portugal, no estrangeiro, onde actuarão como conselheiros científicos, avançou esta quinta-feira o ministro da Ciência, Tecnologia e do Ensino Superior, Manuel Heitor.
O ministro falava à imprensa, após a reunião de Conselho de Ministros, que aprovou orientações para a internacionalização do ensino superior, da ciência e da tecnologia, em articulação com “as demais políticas públicas de internacionalização” e envolvendo as instituições universitárias e científicas.
A concretizar-se a medida, caberá à Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), principal entidade, na dependência do Governo, que financia a investigação em Portugal, proceder à colocação de conselheiros científicos nas missões diplomáticas. A FCT abrirá assim os concursos relativos a esta medida.
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#softpower
+coopt
-coerce
https://monocle.com/film/affairs/soft-power-survey-2016-17/
#BIGscience1961,AlvinWeinberg,OakRidgeNationalLaboratory
"many of the activities of modern science - nuclear physics, or elementary
particle physics, or space research - require extremely elaborate equipment
and staffs of large teams of professionals . . . "
Big
Sci
ence
: Th
e G
row
th o
f La
rge
-sca
le R
esea
rch
, P
eter
Gal
iso
n
#concentration
#specialization
#social/political significance
#BIGTime
Budget
Staffs
Machines
Labs
Significance
Gadget July 16, 1945 Alamogordo
Little Boy August 6, 1945 Hiroshima
Fat Man August 9, 1945 Nagasaki
Bomb No. 4 unused
Comparison with selected WWII expenditures:
All bombs, mines and grenades — $31.5 billion
Small arms materiel (not incl. ammunition) — $24 billion
All tanks — $64 billion
Heavy field artillery — $4 billion
All other artillery — $33.6 billion
$20 billion
There is something irreversible about acquiring knowledge.
Edwin Hubble40’s
Plans for the telescope began in
1928 after $6 million in funding was
secured through the Rockefeller
Foundation.
The glass blank for the mirror was
created by the Corning Glass
Works out of a then-new material
called “Pyrex”.
Grinding, figuring, and polishing of
the mirrors removed 5 tons of glass
and took 13 years, including a 4-
year gap caused by World War II.
Hale Telescope, Palomar Mountain, UShttp://www.astro.caltech.edu/palomar/webcam.html
La Silla, Chile
ALMA - Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array
Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and highest-energy
particle accelerator. It was built by the European Organization for Nuclear
Research (CERN) over a ten year period from 1998 to 2008, with the aim of
allowing physicists to test the predictions of different theories of particle physics
and high-energy physics
LHC sits in a circular tunnel 27 km in circumference. The tunnel is buried around
50 to 175 m. underground. It straddles the Swiss and French borders on the
outskirts of Geneva.
With a budget of 7.5 billion euros (approx. $9bn or £6.19bn as of Jun 2010), the
LHC is one of the most expensive scientific instruments.
http://www.wired.co.uk/article/large-hadron-collider-explained
International Space Station
The first piece of the International Space Station was launched in 1998.
A Russian rocket launched that piece. After that, more pieces were added.
The first crew arrived in October 2000.
NASA and its partners around the world finished the space station in 2011.
The ISS programme is a joint project between five participating space
agencies, the American NASA, the Russian RKA, the Japanese JAXA, the
European ESA, and the Canadian CSA.
NASA budgeted $72.4 billion for the station from 1985 to 2015
The cost is $150 billion.
Completed in 2003, the Human Genome Project (HGP) was a 13-year
project coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National
Institutes of Health. During the early years of the HGP, the Wellcome Trust
(U.K.) became a major partner; additional contributions came from Japan,
France, Germany, China, and others.
Project goals were to
> identify all the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA,
determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up
human DNA,
> store this information in databases,
> improve tools for data analysis,
> transfer related technologies to the private sector, and
> address the ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) that may arise from the
project.
U.S. Human Genome Project Funding($Millions)
FY DOE NIH U.S. Total1988 10.7 17.2 27.91989 18.5 28.2 46.71990 27.2 59.5 86.71991 47.4 87.4 134.81992 59.4 104.8 164.21993 63.0 106.1 169.11994 63.3 127.0 190.31995 68.7 153.8 222.51996 73.9 169.3 243.21997 77.9 188.9 266.81998 85.5 218.3 303.81999 89.9 225.7 315.62000 88.9 271.7 360.62001 86.4 308.4 394.82002 90.1 346.7 434.32003 64.2 372.8 437
Note: These numbers do not include construction funds, which are a very small part of the budget.
The DOE and NIH genome programs set aside 3% to 5% of their respective total annual budgets for the study of the project's
ELSI issues.
The Human Genome Project was sometimes reported to have cost $3 billion.
However, this figure refers to the total projected funding over a 13-year period (1990–2003)
for a wide range of scientific activities related to genomics.
BRAIN
Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies
#BIGscienceColaboração/Competição (ex.FrancisCollins/Craigventer)
Longa duração/Elevado custo/Grande risco
Política (financiamento,procurement/contracting)
Público (custo/benefício)
Física > Biologia
#BIGscienceEstabilidade política
Compromisso/Financiamento
Sacrifício da small science
Escolhas científicas em equipas gigantes
Gestão do projecto(s)
ControlodeQualidade/Integridade
Envolvimento de jovens cientistas(duração,publicações)
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0065263
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