2015/12/16 participatory urban sensing
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Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
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• Research Interests: networked sensing systems, wireless networks, network measurements, and social computing
• Current Major Projects:
• Crowdsensing systems: crowdsourcing environment sensing tasks to facilitate citizen monitoring
• Spatio-temporal data management/analysis: big data analysis with a focus on spatio-temporal data
• https://sites.google.com/site/cclljj/
Ling-Jyh Chen Associate Research Fellow, Academia Sinica
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
Participatory Sensing
• A new sensing paradigm to exploit the sensing capabilities of volunteers to gather, analyze, and share local knowledge of our surroundings.
• It does not rely on dedicated sensing infrastructures and the top-down model of data collection.
• It is more penetrative, and encourages participation at personal, social, and urban levels.
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Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
Urban Sensing
• Sensing systems with a focus on urban areas
• Targets:
• facilities: parking space, free water refilling, accessibility facility, etc.
• environments: CO2, CO, SO2, PM2.5, sound, light, etc.
• The results are beneficial for urban design, city planning, and urban management.
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Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
PS US PUS
Device Phone Dedicated HW Phone or Open HW
Target mobility & location based
environments based
environments based
Area surroundings surroundings surroundings
Scale all scales urban urban
Deployment volunteers government volunteers
Participatory Urban Sensing
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Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
Our Research Strategy
• not a “yet-another” app => we are interested in human perception data
• not a “short-lived” app => we are interested in durable application/service
• not a “lab-scale” app => we wanna move to the real field!
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Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
P.U.S. Examples
TPE-CMS: Comfort Measurement System for Public Buses in Taipei
MAPS: Micro Air Pollution Sensing
LASS: Location Aware Sensing System
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TPE-CMS
MAPS
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
P.U.S. Examples
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TPE-CMS: Comfort Measurement System for Public Buses in Taipei
MAPS: Micro Air Pollution Sensing
LASS: Location Aware Sensing System
TPE-CMS
MAPS
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
Q: what are people doing on the bus?
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Comfort does matter!!
TPE-CMS
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
Q: How to measure it?
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Questionnaire/Interview Professional Instruments
Problems: cost, timeliness, and scalability
TPE-CMS
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
TPE-CMS~ A Comfort Measuring System for Public Transportation Systems in the Greater Taipei Region
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Public Transportation Systems Participants
Data Mashup and Statistics
Sensing'data'(e.g.'locations,'acceleration,'and'time)�
Authorized'data'(e.g.'bus'trajectories'and'vehicle'properties)�
Scoring'and'ranking'results�
TPE-CMS
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
TPE-CMS: client
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Bus+: app for commuters
TPE-CMS
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
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Weighted(Average�
Accelera/on(Level((dB)�
Comfort(Index((CI)�
CI dB Description
1、2、3 Lt ≤ 93dB Not uncomfortable
4 93dB < Lt ≤ 98dB A little uncomfortable
5 98dB < Lt ≤ 103dB Uncomfortable
6 103dB < Lt Very uncomfortable
83 88 93 98 103
1 2 3 4 5 6
dB
CI
Scoring
[ISO 2631]
TPE-CMS
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
Trajectory Matching
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!User!Trajectory�
1
2 3
4
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!Bus!Trajectory�
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
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Di = average ( , ) k k
We suppose the user is on the b-th bus, s.t. b = arg Min Di�
TPE-CMS
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
TPE-CMS: server
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!4,028!buses! !287!routes! !15!agencies! !1!sample!per!minute�
!931!buses! !122!routes! !10!agencies! !1!sample!per!minute�
Public Transportation Systems Participants
Data Mashup and Statistics
Sensing'data'(e.g.'locations,'acceleration,'and'time)�
Authorized'data'(e.g.'bus'trajectories'and'vehicle'properties)�
Scoring'and'ranking'results�
TPE-CMS
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
Lots of Research Issues• How to reduce the energy consumed by
GPS?
• How to reduce the communication cost?
• How to improve the effectiveness of trajectory matching?
• How to recruit people to contribute?
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TPE-CMSEn
ergy
Com
m.
Mat
chin
gIn
cent
ive
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
Event-based Tracking (EBT)
• We use g-sensor to detect “turn” events and turn on GPS only when necessary.
• We estimate the location information using g-sensor data when GPS is OFF.
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EBTHybrid duty-cycle
scheduling Location estimation
Event-based dynamic duty-cycle (DDC):
Static duty-cycle
Uses G-sensor data to estimate location
Ener
gyC
omm
.M
atch
ing
Ince
ntiv
eTPE-CMS
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
EBT Evaluation
• EBT is a type of Context-aware GPS scheduling.
• EBT can achieve 90% power saving ratio while keeping the location error below 20m.
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Ener
gyC
omm
.M
atch
ing
Ince
ntiv
eTPE-CMS
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
Acceleration Data Reduction
• The default sample rate is 20Hz.
• The frequency can be reduced to 0.5 using Poisson sampling.
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-100
-50
0
50
100
-100 -50 0 50 100
Com
fort
scor
e
λ = 0.1 v.s. allregression line
-100
-50
0
50
100
-100 -50 0 50 100
Com
fort
scor
e
λ = 1 v.s. allregression line
-100
-50
0
50
100
-100 -50 0 50 100
Com
fort
scor
e
λ = 10 v.s. allregression line
Poisson rate 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.5 1 5 10 20
Correlation 0.586 0.730 0.852 0.885 0.896 0.930 0.986 0.989 0.992 0.993 1
Reduce 97.5% of acceleration data!!
Ener
gyC
omm
.M
atch
ing
Ince
ntiv
eTPE-CMS
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
Lossless Trajectory Compression
• We observe that redundancy is common in ST-data, propose Inter-Frame Coding (IFC) for lossless trajectory compression.
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Comparison*with*the*state/of/the/art*
Ener
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omm
.M
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eTPE-CMS
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
Trajectory Matching Model
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Ener
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omm
.M
atch
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Ince
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eTPE-CMS
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
“Participatory” Sensing• Several strategies that we have tried
• supporting New TPE buses
• rewarding badges to active participants
• adding social network component
• participating App contest
• and more
• But, inventive is still a big issue of such systems.
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Ener
gyC
omm
.M
atch
ing
Ince
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eTPE-CMS
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
P.U.S. Examples
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TPE-CMS: Comfort Measurement System for Public Buses in Taipei
MAPS: Micro Air Pollution Sensing
LASS: Location Aware Sensing System
TPE-CMS
MAPS
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
Micro Air Pollution Sensing
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MAPS
2013 2014 2015v 2.0v 1.0 v 3.0v 0.1 v 4.0
• A collaboration with environmental researchers to evaluate heat wave vulnerability determinants in order to formulate corresponding heat wave adaptation strategies in Taiwan
• The goal of our subproject is to design smart Things for air pollution measurements.
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
Micro Air Pollution Sensing
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MAPS
Version 1.0 Arduino Uno
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
Micro Air Pollution Sensing
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MAPS
Version 2.0 Arduino Nano
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
Micro Air Pollution Sensing
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MAPS
temperature/humidity
barometer
GPSPM 2.5 (Sharp)
CO2
PM 2.5 (PPD)
cooling
fanVersion 3.0
Intel Galileo Gen 2
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
Micro Air Pollution Sensing
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MAPS
Version 4.0 Arduino Nano
temperature/humiditybarometer
BluetoothUART
CO2
PM
RTC
Realtime Display
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
Micro Air Pollution Sensing
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MAPS
• Lessons learned
• Lots of dirty work (more than expected), but it worths!
• Sensor calibration is a key issue, and it’s very HARD (much harder than expected)!
• data communication is important for real-time monitoring (and debugging).
• One small step for a EE/CS people, one GIANT leap for environmental research!
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
Micro Air Pollution Sensing
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MAPS
• What’s the next for Year 2016?
• Collaboration with industry and TPE government on
• supporting LoRa on MAPS
• urban sensing (~1000 nodes)
• Collaboration with TW government on
• air quality sensing
• heat pressure measurement for outdoor workers
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
P.U.S. Examples
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TPE-CMS: Comfort Measurement System for Public Buses in Taipei
MAPS: Micro Air Pollution Sensing
LASS: Location Aware Sensing System
TPE-CMS
MAPS
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
LASS• A sister project of MAPS
• A successful collaboration between academic research and maker community
• Academic research: focus on core techniques
• Maker community: focus on volunteer recruiting and deployment
• Both: work on data analysis and share the results
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Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
LASS Field Try
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https://lass.hackpad.com/LASS-Field-Try-1--DGcMHcZNmYq
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
LASS Field Try
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https://lass.hackpad.com/LASS-Field-Try-PM2.5-7xQSIilMeGU
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
LASS Field Try
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http://www.icshop.com.tw/product_info.php/products_id/20524
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
LASS Field Try
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https://lass.hackpad.com/LASS-Field-Try-1--QhzgWXt3HJd
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
LASS Field Try
41http://nrl.iis.sinica.edu.tw/LASS/show.php?device_id=FT1_035
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
LASS Field Try
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MAPS (Arduino Nano)
LASS (LinkIt One)
LASS (Realtek Ameba)
and more…
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
Lessons Learned from the PS/US/PUS Systems
• There is no free lunch!
• DEEP research starts from DIRTY work!
• PUS has to ask RIGHT questions, and target RIGHT communities.
• “When you want something, all the universe conspires in helping you to achieve it.” ~ Paulo Coelho
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TPE-CMS
MAPS
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
Still MANY Issues
• Sensor calibration (after deployment)
• Low-cost/power & long-range communication
• Just-enough sensing for energy efficiency
• Security for PS/US/PUS data and systems
• (BIG) data management, processing, analysis, mining, and visualization
• and more…
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Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
Summary
• We present our recent works on PS, US, and PUS systems.
• We discuss several research issues and our preliminary research results, as well as lessons learned through deployment.
• There are lots of opportunities remaining, and we look forward to collaboration with you!
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Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
Acknowledgements• Y.-T. Huang, Y.-Y. Chen, C.-L. Wu, C.-Y. Lin, T.-A.
Wang, Y.-Y. Chang, H.-C. Lee, H.-C. Wu, H.-H. Hsieh, C.-W. Li, Dr. C.-L. Wu, Dr. W.-C. Lee (PSU), Dr. S.-C. Lung (AS), Dr. W.-C. Peng (NCTU), and more.
• LASS@FB, MakerPro@FB, and MANY
Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen (cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw) Copyright © 2015
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資 訊 科 學 研 究 所
地址:臺北市南港區研究院路二段128號 中央研究院 資訊科學研究所郵件: cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.tw網址: http://www.iis.sinica.edu.tw/~cclljj/
陳 伶 志
Institute of Information Science
Associate Research Fellow
128, Section 2, Academia RoadInstitute of Information ScienceAcademia Sinica, NankangTaipei 11529, Taiwan
副 研 究 員
電話:(02)2788-3799 ext. 1702傳真:(02)2782-4814統編:04142327
Tel : +886-2-27883799 ext. 1702Fax: +886-2-27824814E-mail: cclljj@iis.sinica.edu.twhttp://www.iis.sinica.edu.tw/~cclljj/
博士 Ph.D.Ling-Jyh Chen
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