LECCIÓN 1

Vocabulario Basico, De La Clasechair la sillaclock, watch el relojpecil el lápizpen el bolígrafo, la pluma book el librodesk el escritoriolight la luzwindow la ventanapaper el papel

notebook el cuadernostreet la callelibrary la bibliotecadoor la puertastudent el or la estudianteboy el chico or el muchachogirl la chica or la muchachateacher el profesor or la profesora

LOS COLORESred rojoblue azulgreen verdeyellow amarilloorange anaranjado

black negrowhite blancogrey grisbrown marrónpurple morado

DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVESshort= BAJO tall = ALTOslender = DELGADO fat = GORDOnice = SIMPÁTICO not nice = ANTIPÁTICOgood-looking, handsome = GUAPO ugly= FEOpretty = BONITO(A)

difficult=DIFÍCIL easy = FÁCILbig = GRANDE small= PEQUEÑOyoung= JOVEN old= VIEJOintelligent= INTELIGENTE dumb= TONTOrich= RICO perfect= PERFECTO interesting= INTERESANTEARTICLESEL, LA, LOS, LAS = THEUN, UNA = A, ANUNOS, UNAS = SOME, A FEW

SUBJECT PRONOUNSYO ITÚ You, familiarÉL HeELLA She

UD. You, formalNOSOTROS, NOSOTRAS WeELLOS, ELLAS TheyUDS. You, plural; (You guys, you all)

SER = TO BE (soy, eres, es, somos, son = I am, you are, he/she/it is, we are, they are)

EXPRESSIONS OF COURTESYmucho gusto nice to meet youpor favor pleasegracias thank-you muchas gracias thank-you very much!

de nada you’re welcome perdón excuse melo siento I’m sorry

GREETINGS, GOODBYES, COMMON QUESTIONS & RESPONSESHola ¿Qué tal? Hi, how’s it going?Buenos días (good morning) Buenas tardes (good afternoon) Buenas noches (good evening or good night)Adiós Hasta luego Hasta la vista Nos vemos (good-bye, see you later)¿Cómo te llamas? Me llamo…. (What’s your name? My name is….)¿De dónde eres? Soy de ….. (Where are you from? I’m from ….)¿Cómo estás? ¿Cómo está Ud.? (How are you? spoken to a familiar person and a formal person)Bien, ¿y tu? (Fine, and you?) Muy bien (very fine, very well)sí yes ¿Cómo? = How?

HAY = THERE IS or THERE ARE

1. uno2. dos3. tres4. cuatro5. cinco6. seis

7. siete8. ocho9. nueve10. diez11. once12. doce

13. trece14. catorce15. quince16. diez y seis20. VEINTE

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

MI…, MIS…. (MY.......)NUESTRO…., NUESTROS….

NUESTRA…., NUESTRAS…. (OUR......)

TU…., TUS…. (YOUR……..)

SU…., SUS…. (HIS…., HER……, YOUR……)SU…., SUS….. (THEIR ……., YOUR……..)

LECCIÓN 2

a = at (only with telling time); to de = of (also: from)

en = in, on and at (with location)con = withpero = but

hoy = todaytambién = also, toomañana = tomorrow

la mañana = morning por la mañana = in (during) the morning …..de la mañana =A.M.la tarde = afternoon por la tarde = in (during) the afternoon .….de la tarde = P.M.la noche = night por la noche = at (during the) night ……de la noche = P.M.

la playa = beachel dinero = moneyla vida = lifehay = there is, there areel (la) amigo(a) = friend

¿Por qué? = Why?¿Qué? = What?¿Cuántos(as)? = How many?porque = becauseque that

*entonces = then *pues = then*solamente = only *sólo = only

¿verdad? = right?, true?aburrido(a) boringtodos(as) = all

bueno(a) = goodnuevo(a) new

puertorriqueño(a) = Puerto Rican cubanoamericano(a) = Cuban-American mexicano(a) = Mexicanya es tarde = it’s already lateAquí está… = Here it is…

REGULAR –AR VERBSconversar = to talk, conversedesear = to wish, wantestudiar = to studyhablar = to speak, to talk

necesitar = to needterminar = to end, to finish, to be throughtrabajar = to work

tomar = to take (a class); to have something to eat or drink

ORDERING BEVERAGESDeseo jugo de manzana. =I would like apple juice.jugo de naranja.= orange juice.jugo de tomate. = tomato juice.jugo de toronja. = grapefruit juice.jugo de uvas. = grape juice.Deseo un vaso de agua con hielo. =I would like a glass of ice water.un vaso de leche. = a glass of milk.un vaso de té frío. = a glass of iced tea.un vaso de té helado. = a glass of iced tea.Deseo una taza de café. = I would like a cup of coffee. una taza de café con leche. = a cup of coffee with milk.una taza de chocolate caliente. = a cup of hot chocolate. una taza de té. = a cup of tea.

LOS DÍAS DE LA SEMANA (the days of the week)el lunes =Mondayel martes = Tuesdayel miércoles Wednesday

el jueves = Thursdayel viernes Fridayel sábado = Saturday

el domingo = Sunday

LOS MESES DEL AÑO (months of the year)enero = januaryfebreromarzoabril

mayojuniojulioagosto

septiembreoctubrenoviembrediciembre

LAS ESTACIONES (the seasons)la primavera = Springel verano = Summer

el otoño = Autumn, fallel invierno = Winter

LA FECHA (the date)

el + ________________________________ + de + ___________________________________.THE + (REGULAR NUMBERS, EXCEPT FOR UNO, USE EL PRIMERO) + OF + (THE MONTH IN SPANISH)

el primero = the first …… de octubre, el dos de octubre, el treinta y uno de octubre

¿QUÉ HORA ES? = What time is it?Es la una. Son las dos. Son las tres, cuatro, cinco, seis, siete, ocho, nueve, diez, once, doce.Son las siete y cinco, diez, cuarto, veinte, veinticincoSon las seis y media.Son las ocho menos cinco, diez, cuarto, veinte, veinticinco

¿A qué hora...? (AT) What time . . . ? Nuestra clase es A la una y termina A las cinco menos diez.

LECCIÓN 3

LA FAMILIA (family)el hermano (brother) y la hermana (sister) = los hermanos (siblings) brothers or brothers and sisters el padre (father) OR papá (Dad) y la madre (mother) OR mamá (Mom) = los padres (parents) el hijo (son) y la hija (daughter) = los hijos (children, offspring, kids)LA CASA = THE HOUSELa sala (living room)La cocina (kitchen)El cuarto (room)El baño/el cuarto de baño (bathroom)El dormitorio (bedroom)

Los muebles (furniture)La mesa (table)La basura (garbage)El césped (lawn)Los platos (dishes, plates)

Other important nouns (otros nombres importantes)La comida (food)La cosa (thing)El trabajo (work)

El tiempo (time)La ropa (clothing, clothes)La ciudad (city)

Other important adjectives, adverbs or expressions:siempre (always)cuando (when) also ¿cuándo? (when?)después (after)para (for or when it’s in front of an infinitive: in order to )¿quién? (who?)todavía (still)todo, toda, todos, todas (all)LOS VERBOS! (VERBS)Completely regular –AR verbs : -o, -as, -a, -amos, -an Cenar = to dineCortar = to cutDescansar = to restLavar = to washLimpiar = to clean

Llegar = to arriveMirar = to look at (watch)Planchar = to ironPreparar = to prepareSacar = to take out

Completely regular –ER verbs: -o, -es, -e, -emos, -en Barrer = to sweepBeber = to drinkComer = to eat

Correr = to runLeer = to read

*DEBER = TO SHOULD; TO OUGHT; TO MUST (*is always followed by an infinitive)Completely regular –IR verbs: -o, -es, -e, - i mos, -en Abrir = to openEscribir = to writeRecibir = to receive

Sacudir = to dustVivir = to live

Either Slightly or Completely IR REGULAR verbs: *TENER = to have (tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tienen)*VENIR = to come (vengo, vienes, viene, venimos, vienen)* HACER = to do, to make (hago, haces, hace, hacemos, hacen)IDIOMS WITH “TENER”tener (mucho) frío = to be (very) cold frío = coldtener (mucho) calor = to be (very) hot calor = heattener (mucha) sed = to be (very) thirsty sed = thirsttener (mucho) hambre = to be (very) hungry hambre = hungertener (mucha) prisa = to be in a (very big) hurry prisa = hurriednesstener (mucho) sueño = to be (very) sleepy sueño = sleepinesstener (mucho) miedo = to be (very) afraid miedo = feartener razón = to be right razón = reason

tener ….años (de edad) = to be …..years old años = yearsa form of “tener” + “que” + infinitive = to have to do something

Possessión with “DE” There is no such thing as an ‘s in Spanish. To express possession or relationship use THE + WHATEVER THE THING/PERSON IS + DE + WHO IT BELONGS TO.Roberto’s mother = la madre de Roberto Linda’s pencil = el lápiz de LindaCarlos and Pablo’s house = la casa de Carlos y Pablo. Hector’s sisters = las hermanas de Héctor

Demonstrative Adjectives

Aquí (here)

este (this…)esta (this…)estos (these…)estas (these…)

Allí (there) ese (that….)esa (that….)

esos (those….)esas (those….)

Allá (over there) aquel (that….)aquella (that….)aquellos (those….)aquellas (those…)

3

LECCIÓN 4

Vocabulario Importante

la bebida – beverage, drinkel cumpleaños - birthdayel éxito - successla fiesta – partyla sorpresa - surprisela pareja – pairla torta (pastel) – cake

los ojos eyesahora – now¡Salud! – Cheers!aunque – although, even thoughya – alreadyalgo - something

Familia:el novio + la novia = los novios (boyfriend, girlfriend)el tío + la tía = los tíos (uncles and aunts)el abuelo y la abuela = los abuelos (grandparents)el primo + la prima = los primos (cousins)el nieto + la nieta = los nietos (grandson, granddaughter, grandchildren)el sobrino + la sobrina = los sobrinos (nephew, niece, nieces and nephews)el hijo + la hija = los hijos (son, daughter, children/sons)

Adjetivos:(that describe a “permanent” characteristic)pelirrojo(a) - red-hairedrubio(a) - blond(e)moreno(a) - brunette

castaño - brown (eyes, hair)encantador(a) - charmingguatemalteco(a) Guatemalan

(that describe a “temporary” condition or feeling)cansado(a) - tiredanimado(a) - enthused (lively, animated)casado(a) - married & SOLTERO(A) SINGLE

contento(a) - happy, contentenamorado(a) - in lovefeliz - happy

100% Regular –AR verbs bailar - to danceenviar - to sendmandar - to sendgritar - to shout

levantar - to raiseinvitar to invitecelebrar to celebrate

llevar - to take (someone or something someplace)100% Regular –IR verbs decidir - to decide

Irregular Verbs

conocer - to know (people); to be acquainted

hacer – to do, to make

poner – to put

saber - to know (facts or information)

traer – to bring

ver – to see

salir – to leave, to go out (socially)

conducir – to drive (Spain)

traducir – to translate

ir – to go

dar – to give

estar – to be (location, feeling)

A form of IR + A + INFINITIVE = to be going to do something (IN THE FUTURE)

I’m going to study tomorrow. = Yo voy a estudiar mañana.

You’re going to study tomorrow. = Tú vas a estudiar mañana.

He’s going to study tomorrow. = Él va a estudiar mañana.

We’re going to study tomorrow. = Nosotros vamos a estudiar mañana.

They’re going to study tomorrow. = Ellos van a estudiar mañana.

LECCIÓN 5

al día siguiente next day algo something

*aquí hereel (la) niño(a) childla boda wedding

más tarde latertímido(a) shytravieso(a) mischievous

el arroz riceel bistec steakel flan caramel custardel helado ice creamel huevo eggel jamón hamla mantequilla butterla mermelada jamla papa potatoel pollo chickenel postre dessertel vegetal vegetablela cebolla onionla crema cream

la sal saltla sopa souplos camarones shrimpel pan breadel pan tostado toastel pastel pieel perro caliente hot dogel pescado fishla verdura vegetablela pimienta (black) pepperla hamburgesa hamburgerla langosta lobsterla fruta fruit

el almuerzo lunchel (la) camarero(a) waiter, waitressel mantel tableclothel platillo small plateel plato plateel tenedor forkel cuchillo knifela cuchara spoon

la servilleta napkinla taza cupla cuenta check, billla propina tipasado(a) roastedrico(a) richsabroso(a) tastypedir to order

100% Regular –AR verbsdejar to leave (behind)desayunar to have breakfast

pagar to payesperar to wait

E IE stem-changing verbs comenzar to startempezar to beginpensar to think

entender to understandquerer to want, to wishpreferir to prefer

Regular Comparative/SuperlativeMÁS (more) + adjective or noun + QUE (than) MENOS (less) + adjective or noun + QUE (than)

Irregular Comparative/Superlative (don’t use MÁS!)mayor older, oldest menor younger, youngestmejor better, best peor worse

Comparisons of equalitytan (as) + adjective + como (as) tanto(a) (as much or as many) + noun + como (as)

Prepositional pronouns (prepositions: para, de, en, a, con, etc.)mí (except “conmigo” after “con”) ti (except “contigo” after “con”)él,ella, Ud. Nosotros ellos, ellas, Uds.

SER vs. ESTARser = to be estar = to besoy= I am estoy = I ameres = you are estás = you arees = he, she, it, is está = he, she, it, is somos = we are estamos = we areson = they or you all are están = they or you all areser: estar:1. identification 1. location2. origin 2. feeling or condition3. characteristic 3. for the present progressive

Present Progressive - What is in progress (what’s going on) RIGHT NOW! estoyestásestá + present participle (-ing ending verb in English)estamos (take off the –AR and put –ANDO)están (take off the –ER or -IR and put –IENDO)

Irregular present participles: leer: leyendo traer: trayendo

LECCIÓN 6

antes (de) beforecaro(a) expensivecerca (de) near, close

el (la) cocinero(a) cookel (la) criado(a) servantestá bien (it’s) all right, (it’s) OK

el mercado marketel mercado al aire libre outdoor market

el supermercado supermarketla panadería bakery

la pescadería fish marketla carne meat

la chuleta de cerdo pork chop

COMIDA QUE COMPRAMOS EN EL MERCADO (VEGETALES Y FRUTAS)la lechuga lettuceel aguacate avocadoel ají red pepperel apio celeryel brócoli broccoliel pepino cucumberla zanahoria carrot

el durazno peachel plátano bananala fresa strawberryla pera pearla piña pineapplela sandía watermelonlas cerezas cherries

COSAS QUE COMPRAMOS EN UN SUPERMERCADOlos espaguetis spaghettiel azúcar sugar

la lejía bleachel papel higiénico toilet paper

nada nothingtantos(as) so manyun poco (de) a little

100% -AR verbscomprar to buycocinar to cookAn E IE STEM-CHANGING VERB THAT I FORGOT FROM LAST CHAPTER cerrar to closeO UE STEM-CHANGING VERBS almorzar to have lunchcostar to costencontrar to findrecordar to remember

volver to return (to come back)poder to be able to, (“CAN”)dormir to sleep

E I STEM-CHANGING VERBS conseguir to obtain (get)pedir to order, also: to ask for (request)servir to serveseguir to follow, to keep on…..

AN EXTREMELY IMPORTANT (FREQUENTLY USED) VERB:DECIR to say, to tell

PALABRAS AFIRMATIVAS Y NEGATIVAS

SOMETHING (ALGO) NOTHING (NADA)

ALWAYS (SIEMPRE) NEVER (NUNCA)

SOMEONE; SOMEBODY (ALGUIEN) NO ONE; NOBODY (NADIE)

SOME…. (ALGUNO)ALSO: ALGÚN, ALGUNA, ALGUNOS, ALGUNAS

NONE; {NOT} ANY (NINGUNO….)ALSO: NINGÚN, NINGUNA, NINGUNOS, NINGUNAS

ALSO; TOO (TAMBIÉN) EITHER; NEITHER (TAMPOCO)

(AND) Y NEITHER; NOR (NI…NI)

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS

me (me) nos (us)

te (you)

lo, la (it; him, her)(also, you formal)

los, las (them)(also, you guys)

LECCIÓN 7

el fin de semana weekend la semana weekel cine movie theater la película movie, film

el juego game (fun games, board games, etc. Example: los juegos de video or videojuegosel partido match, game (example: un partido de béisbol, fútbol, tenis, etc.)

justo(a) fair pobre poor

temprano early último(a) last (in a series)

en vez de instead of hasta untilla vez time (an ocurrence or occasion) examples: una vez, la última vez, la primera vez

100% REGULAR -ARbromear to kid, to jokecambiar to changepreguntar to ask (a question)patinar to skate

nadar to swimvisitar to visitentrar (en) to enter, to go in

100% REGULAR -ERromper to break

VERBS THAT USE INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS INSTEAD OF SUBJECT PRONOUNS GUSTAR – the actual definition is: to be pleasing to (in English: “to like”)

REFLEXIVE VERBS

Levantarse – to get up (to get oneself up)

Acostarse (o>ue) to go to bed

Bañarse to bathe (oneself)

Lavarse – to wash oneself

Despertarse (e>ie) to wake up

Afeitarse to shave (oneself)

Quitarse – to take off (of oneself)

Probarse (o>ue) – to try on (oneself)

Sentarse – (e>ie) to sit down

Quejarse to complain

Ponerse – to put on (me pongo)

Aburrirse - to get bored, to be bored

Divertirse (e>ie) to have fun (to amuse oneself)

Vestirse (e>i) to get dressed (to dress oneself)

Reírse (e>i) to laugh

INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS

ME (to me; for me) NOS (to us; for us)

TE (to you; for you)

* LE (to him,to her; for him; for her to you, for you formal

* LES (to them; for them;)to you guys; for you guys)