tratamiento farmacolÓgico a la dependencia a drogas

8/2/2019 TRATAMIENTO FARMACOLGICO A LA DEPENDENCIA A DROGAS

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]ESG\KG^ ^U^]K]U]KXG^ ME

@KNO]K@G


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]ESG\KG^ ^U^]K]U]KXG^ ME

@KNO]K@G


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]ESG\KG^ ^U^]K]U]KXG^ ME@KNO]K@G


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Eyk~}e` xgskg~ hosfg~ me gmfk`k~}sgnk`" ~ke`mo bg~ f~ u~gmg~4eb |gsnie nu}èo { eb niknbe o aofg me fg~ngs. Bg |skfesg ohsenebg ~eauskmgm me u`g bkcesgnk` no`~}g`}e me bg `kno}k`g" { exk}g ebg~|en}o g`}ke~}}kno me fg~ngs niknbe. Eb niknbe ~e g~efedg f~ gbg~ hbun}ugnkoè~ me no`ne`}sgnk` me `kno}k`g e` ~gàse wueong~ko`g eb nkagsskbbo" gu`wue ig{ wue }eès e` nue`}g ~u~

no`}sgk`mkngnkoè~ { ~u~ e~|enkgbe~ no`mknkoè~ me u~o. E` ong~koè~ e~ }kb nofck`gs gfco~ f}omo~ e` gwuebbo~

hufgmose~ wue g |e~gs me u~gs eb |gsnie" g bo bgsao meb mgey|eskfe`}g` e|k~omko~ me me~eo k`}e`~o me hufgs" |umk`mo~eg~onkgs e`}o`ne~ eb niknbe.

Bg `kno}k`g }sg`~msfkng ~e |se~e`}g e` |gsnie~ me 78 3= iosg~me bkcesgnk` no`}kùgmg me bg ~u~}g`nkg" { e` }se~ }gfgo~mkhese`}e~ me 7


10/32

CU\SO\K@ E~ u` g`}kme|se~kxo wue |somune u`g kìkcknk` me bg

seng|}gnk` èuso`gb me òse|kèhsk`g" ~eso}o`k`g { mo|gfk`g"gufe`}g`mo ~u no`ne`}sgnk` e` bg ~k`g|~k~ èuso`gb. Bgme|benk` me e~}o~ femkgmose~ |gsene ~es bg ngu~g meb ~`msofeme gc~}kè`nkg me bg `kno}k`g. No` bo nugb ~u gn}kxkmgm ~esg

seef|bgtgs e~}g hgb}g { ignke`mo me~g|gsenes" o mk~fkùks" bo~~`}ofg~ me bg hgb}g me `kno}k`g.

E` mkhese`}e~ e~}umko~ cke` no`}sobgmo~" eb |osne`}gde me|gnke`}e~ wue med me hufgs hue u` ==% g bg~ ~ek~ ~efg`g~ me}sg}gfke`}o { u` 3>% gb go.

Eb g~onkgs }sg}gfke`}o~ ~u~}k}u}kxo~ me `kno}k`g g bg xet mebcu|so|ko` ò |gsene fedosgs eb |osne`}gde me yk}o~.

Nofo ehen}o~ ~enu`mgsko~ g|gsene` bg ~ewuemgm me cong e` u`73% me bo~ ng~o~" { eb k`~of`ko e` u` >=% me bo~ ng~o~. ê u}kbktgg mo~k~ me >


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XGSE@KNBK@G ê uè no` asg` ghk`kmgm { ~eben}kxkmgm g bo~ sene|}ose~ me bggne}kbnobk`g `kno}`kno~ euso`gbe~ g=3" e` mo`me gn}g nofo

u` gao`k~}g |gsnkgb )u` nof|ue~}o wue eyikce gn}kxkmgme~ }g`}ogao`k~}g~ nofo g`}gao`k~}g~+.

Bo~ e~}umko~ me eben}sohk~koboag k` xk}so{ bo~ e~}umko~èusowufkno~ k` xkxo mefo~}sgso` wue bg xgse`knbk`g ~e uè gbo~ sene|}ose~ kno}`kno~ euso`gbe~ g=3 |gsg gne}kbnobk`g {e~}kfubg bg gn}kxkmgm femkgmg |os bo~ sene|}ose~" gu`wue e` uàsgmo ~ka`khkng}kxgfe`}e feòs wue bg `kno}k`g. Bg xgse`knbk`gcbowueg bg ng|gnkmgm me bg `kno}k`g |gsg gn}kxgs eb sene|}os g=3

{" |os bo }g`}o" bg e~}kfubgnk` meb ~k~}efg me bg mo|gfk`gfe~obfckng èsxko~g ne`}sgb" eb feng`k~fo euso`gb wue~uc{gne g bo~ sehuesto~ { bg~ senof|e`~g~ ey|eskfe`}gmg~ gbmedgs me hufgs. Bg xgse`knbk`g e~ gb}gfe`}e ~eben}kxg" { ~e bkag gb~uc}k|o me sene|}os g=3 no` fg{os huestg wue o}so~ sene|}ose~`kno}`kno~ igck}ugbe~


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14/32\e`~gfke`}o~ ~uknkmg~


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HU]USO U`g xgnu`g no`}sg bg `kno}k`g e~ |socgmg e` iufg`o~"

no` se~ub}gmo~ |sofe}emose~. Bg xgnu`g e~}kfubg bg|somunnk` me g`}knues|o~ ng|gne~ me ~enue~}sgs`kno}k`g e` bg ~g`ase" exk}g`mo wue bg msoag e`}se gbnesecso { edestg ~u~ ehen}o~ asg}khkngmose~. Bg xgnu`g|omsg ~es u` k`~}sufe`}o |omeso~o me |sexe`kssengmg e` k`mkxkmuo~ e` seigckbk}gnk`.


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HU]USO Bo~ k`xe~}kagmose~ me @KMG nof|be}g` gn}ugbfe`}e

u` e`~g{o fub}k&ne`}skno wue exgbg bg hosfg}sg`~mesfkng me êbeakbkè |gsg medgs me hufgs. U`g`}kme|se~kxo Kìkckmos me bg Foògfkòoykmg~g.


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FE]GMO@G Bg Fe}gmo`g )Fgbbk`js} \igsf. U.^.G+ g`gba~kno o|kokme

gao`k~}g nof|be}o me bo~ sene|}ose~ }k|o " ig ~kmo u~gmgehkngtfe`}e |os =< go~ |gsg eb }sg}gfke`}o me bg gmknnk`

g bg Ieso`g { o}so~ o|kokme~" {g wue |ueme ebkfk`gs ebme~eo { usae`nkg me u}kbktgs e~}g~ msoag~" gmef~ me~u|skfks eb ~`msofe me gc~}kè`nkg g bg~ fk~fg~.

Eb ~`msofe me gc~}kè`nkg g bg Fe}gmo`g" e` nof|gsgnk`

no` eb me o}so~ o|kokme~" e~|enkgbfe`}e Ieso`g { Foshk`g"mkhkese e` wue eb k`knko me bo~ ehen}o~ e~ f~ be`}o" eb nus~oe~ f~ |soboàgmo { bo~ ~`}ofg~ ~o` feò~ ~exeso~

ôbo mk~|o`kcbe e` CGMG@ { e` }gcbe}g~ me 3< fa


19/32

CU\SE@OSHK@G Bg Cu|seòshk`g" o|kokme ~efk~k`}}kno meskxgmo me bg

]ecg`g" uò me bo~ gbngbokme~ `g}usgbe~ wue ~e

oc}keè` meb o|ko. û gn}kxkmgm gao`k~}g |gsnkgb me bo~sene|}ose~ )FOS+ { g`}gao`k~}g me bo~ sene|}ose~ )JOS+ bg igne }kb e` eb }sg}gfke`}o me me~k`}oykngnk`g bg Ieso`g{ nofo }esg|kg me fg`}e`kfke`}o. ]keèu` |eshkb me ~eauskmgm fg{os wue bo~ o|kokme~gao`k~}g~ nof|be}o~ nofo bg Fe}gmo`g { ò |somuneu` `kxeb ~ka`khkng`}e me me|e`me`nkg h~kng" |os bo nugbe~ f~ hnkb me~no`}kùgsbg wue Fe}gmo`g ~e u}kbktg~ucbkàugb.


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CU\SE@OSHK@G

Cu|se`oshk`g

Cu|se`oshk`g


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CU\SE@OSHK@G Bo~ ehen}o~ ~enu`mgsko~ me Cu|seòshk`g ~o` ~kfkbgse~

g bo~ me o}so~ o|kokme~.

Bg~ segnnkoè~ gmxes~g~ g Cu|seòshk`g se|os}gmg~ no`fg{os hsenue`nkg k`nbu{e`4 mobos me ngcetg

)>8%" |bgneco 33%+" ~`msofe me gc~}kè`nkg )35%"|bgneco >1%+" mobos )33%" |bgneco 7;%+"ù~eg~ )75%"

|bgneco 77%+" k`~of`ko )7=%" |bgneco 78%+" {}sg`~|ksgnk` )7=%" |bgneco 7


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]SGFGMOB ME BKCESGNK@ BE@]G

E~}e hsfgno e~ u` meskxgmo gfkònknboieygòb" mee~}sun}usg wufkng ~kfkbgs g bg Nome`g. ]keè u`g

gnnk` mugb4 g `kxeb me bo~ sene|}ose~ o|kokme~" gn}gnofo gao`k~}g nof|be}o me bo~ sene|}ose~ )FOS+" {g `kxeb me sene|}ose~ gu}o`fkno~ e~}kfubg bo~sene|}ose~ 3 gmse`sakno~ e kìkce bg seng|}gnk` me@os&gmse`gbk`g { êso}o`k`g. Bg msoag òfe}gcobktgmg |o~ee cgdg ghk`kmgm |os bo~ sene|}ose~o|kokme~" fke`}sg~ wue ~u fe}gcobk}o gn}kxo O&me~fe}kb&}sgfgmob |o~ee gb}g ghk`kmgm |os e~}o~sene|}ose~.


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]SGFGMOB ME BKCESGNK@ BE@]G Eb ]sgfgmob }keè u`g cgdg k`nkme`nkg me ~emgnk`"

no`~}k|gnk` { me|se~k` se~|ksg}oskg5" nof|gsgmo noò}so~ o|kokme~. \os ~u ehen}kxkmgm { cgdo no~}o" ig ~kmo

gmfk`k~}sgmg |os |esomo~ |soboàgmo~ nofo g`gba~kno eèb }sg}gfke`}o me nugmso~ nb`kno~ èuso|}kno~. Senke`}efe`}e g ocde}o me oc}eès u`g fg{os musgnk` me

ehen}o~ g`gba~kno~" ~e me~gssobb eb |se|gsgmo me bkcesgnk`be`}g me ]sgfgmob. E~}e |se|gsgmo" g mkhese`nkg meb

]sgfgmob ~kf|be }keè u` k`knko me gnnk` f~ }gsmo)e`}se >< { 73< fkù}o~+" |eso fg`}keè u`g musgnk` meehen}o~ me 73 iosg~" bo nugb |esfk}e wue ~bo ~e sewukesg`mo~ mo~k~ mkgskg~


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]SGFGMOB ME BKCESGNK@ BE@]G


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]SGFGMOB ME BKCESGNK@ BE@]G Sakfe` me fg`}e`kfke`}o4 ]sgfgmob me bkcesgnk`

be`}g u`g }gcbe}g me 75< fa ngmg 73 iosg~ |os 9~efg`g~.

Sakfe` me ebkfk`gnk`4 No`~k~}k e` mk~fk`uks eb]sgfgmob me bkcesgnk` be`}g g 7 }gcbe}g me 75< fa ngmg3= iosg~ |os 3 ~efg`g~ { cgdgs g 7


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MKÛBHKSGF Eb Mk~ubhksg` e~ u` hsfgno gxes~kxo {g wue |somunesegnnkoè~ gmxes~g~ wue |ueme` ~es asgxe~ ~kno`~ufke`mo e~}e femkngfe`}o ~e kàkese gbnoiob" {g

wue eb Mk~ubhksg` Kìkce bg gne}gbmeimome~ikmsoae`g~g" cbowueg`mo eb ~eau`mo |g~o mebfe}gcobk~fo ie|}kno me gne}gbmeimo wue e~ }ykno e`gne}g}o |somun}o hk`gb ò }ykno. Gb gnufubgs~e ebgne}gbmeimo g|gsene` segnnkoè~ gmxes~g~ wue igne`wue bg |es~o`g ò me~ee no`~ufks gbnoiob"|se~e`}g`mo ~`msofe me gc~}kè`nkg. E~}gk`}oykngnk` |os gne}gbmeimo |ueme bbexgs g bg fues}egb bg |es~o`g.


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@GB]SEYO@G Bg `gb}seyo`g e~ u` g`}gao`k~}g o|kneo wue gn}g |osnof|e}knk` e~|enhkng no` bo~ sene|}ose~ bongbktgmo~|sk`nk|gbfe`}e e` eb ~k~}efg èsxko~o ne`}sgb { |eskhskno.Bg gb}seyo`g ~e uè nof|e}k}kxgfe`}e g e~}o~ sene|}ose~"

g`}gao`ktg`mo bg~ gnnkoè~ me bo~ o|kneo~ megmfk`k~}sgnk` eyae`g { me bo~ o|kokme~ e`maeò~)e`moshk`g~+.Eb cbowueo me bo~ sene|}ose~ o|kneo~ |os |gs}e me`gb}seyo`g" igne wue eb hsfgno ~eg }gfck` gn}kxo e` eb

cbowueo me bo~ ehen}o~ euhosktg`}e~ meskxgmo~ meb no`~ufomeb gbnoiob" {g wue ~e ig |bg`}egmo bg ik|}e~k~ me wue bgkàe~}g me gbnoiob e` bo~ iufgò~ |se~e`}g u` sehuesto|o~k}kxo meckmo gb e~}fubo |os |gs}e meb gbnoiob me bggn}kxkmgm o|kneg e`mae`g.


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GNGF\SO^G]O Eb gngf|so~g}o }keè ehen}o g`}knsgxkà )g`}kme~eo|g}obakno+" wue mk~fkù{e eb me~eo nof|ub~kxo gbno`~ufo me gbnoiob. ]g`}o bo~ e~}umko~ segbktgmo~ e`

g`kfgbe~ nofo e` iufgò~ fue~}sg` wue eb gngf|so~g}oò |somune gxes~k` |os eb gbnoiob )g mkhese`nkg mebmk~ubhksgf+" ò kìkce bo~ ehen}o~ asg}khkng`}e~ meb gbnoiob)g bg k`xes~g wue bg `gb}seyo`g+ { ò seef|bgtg `k |o}e`nkgbo~ ehen}o~ meb gbnoiob )gb no`}sgsko wue bo~ }sg`wukbktg`}e~"

g`~kob}kno~+ Gngf|so~g}o se~}gcbene bg gn}kxkmgm AGCG&sakng e kìkce gb ~k~}efg abu}gfg}sakno" gn}ug`mo |os}g`}o ~ocse bo~ feng`k~fo~ kf|bkngmo~ e` eb me~gssobbo mebg me|e`me`nkg gb gbnoiob.


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]O\KSGFG]O Eb }o|ksgfg}o e~}kfubg bo~ ng`gbe~ me nboso gn}kxgmo~ |osAGCG. Gmef~" eb }o|ksgfg}o kìkce bo~èuso}sg`~fk~ose~ eynk}gmose~ g }sgx~ me gnnkoè~ ~ocse ebjgk`g}o { bo~ sene|}ose~ GF\G. Ig{ |suecg~ me wue eb

}o|ksgfg}o }keè u` ehen}o e~|enhkno ~ocse bo~ sene|}ose~AbuS5 meb Jgk`g}o. \ueme ik|o}}kngfe`}e kìkcks ebsehostgfke`}o |os eb no`~ufo me Gbnoiob { e~}o bo no`~kauemk~fkù{e`mo bg bkcesgnk` me Mo|gfk`g g }sgx~ me 3|sone~o~ hgsfgnobakno~ |sk`nk|gbe~" hgnkbk}g`mo bg hu`nk`

meb nkmo &gfkòcu}kskno g}sgxe~me u` ~k}ko oce`tomkgne|`kno e` eb sene|}os &gfkòcu}{skno&G { |oseb g`}gao`k~fo me bg gn}kxkmgm meb abu}gfg}o e` bo~sene|}ose~ &gfkò&>&i{msoyk&5&fe}kbk~oygtob&=& gnkmo|so|ko`kno { jgk`g}o


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E~wuefg me Gmfk`k~}sgnk` osgb me

]o|ksgfg}o.

^efg`g~

Mo~k~ fg}u}k`g

Fa.

@ me }gcbe}g~ Mo~k~

xe~|es}k`g Fa.

@ me }gcbe}g~ Mo~k~ }o}gb

mkgskg Fa.

@ }o}gb me

}gcbe}g~

5< 3)35+ 5< 3)35+ 7&= 15 >)35+ 15 >)35+ 75< 8)35+

=&5 7


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]O\KSGFG]O Bg fg{osg me bo~ ehen}o~ gmxes~o~ g|gsene` gb k`knko meb }sg}gfke`}o )ò f~me 8&9 ~efg`g~+. No` e~ngbgmg be`}g me bg mo~k~ bo~ ehen}o~ gmxes~o~ mk~fkù{e`no`~kmesgcbefe`}e.

^k~}efg @esxko~o Ne`}sgb4 Kè~}gckbkmgm" }efcbos" }sg~}osò~ meb beàugde"

}sg~}osò~ me bg |gbgcsg" mk~gs}skg" ~ofòbe`nkg" be`}k}um fe`}gb" |gse~}e~kg~"nehgbeg" mhknk} me no`ne`}sgnk`" no`hu~k` fe`}gb" èsxko~k~fo.

Bk}kg~k~ Seòuse}esgb4 E~}g ghennk` ~e mg e` eb 3% me bo~ }sg}gmo~ ~ke`mo f~hsenue`}e e` iofcse~ { f~ gu` ~k }keè` g`}eneme`}e~ hgfkbkgse~ me bk}kg~k~." {eb fomo me exk}gs e~}g nof|bkngnk` e~ no` u`g gmenugmg ikmsg}gnk`.

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tratamiento farmacolÓgico a la dependencia a drogas

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