rindas¼統...龍谷大学現代インド研究センター...

龍谷大学現代インド研究センター

人間文化研究機構地域研究推進事業「現代インド地域研究」

RINDAS伝統思想シリーズ 12

RINDASThe Center for the Study of Contemporary India, Ryukoku University

「真実」―梵語合成語 satya-kriyā をめぐりて―

原　　　実

龍谷大学人間・科学・宗教総合研究センター・現代インド研究センターThe Center for the Study of Contemporary India, Ryukoku University

研究テーマ：「現代政治に活きるインド思想の伝統」The Living Tradition of Indian Philosophy in Contemporary India

現代インドのイメージは、かつての「停滞と貧困のインド」、「悠久のインド」から、「発展するインド」へと様変わりした。激変する経済状況を支えたのは、相対的に安定したインドの「民主主義」政治である。興味深いことに、現代政治・経済を支える人々の行動規範や道徳観の根底には、「民主主義」などと並んで、サティヤ（真実／真理）、ダルマ（道徳性／義務）、アヒンサー（非暴力）など、長い歴史に培われてきたインドの思想やその世界観が横たわっている。本プロジェクトでは、龍谷大学が創立以来 370年に渡って蓄積してきた仏教を中心としたインド思想研究に関

する知識と史資料を活かし、近年本学において活発化している現代インド研究を結合させる。「現代政治に活きるインド思想の伝統」というテーマにもとづき、下記のように二つの研究ユニットを設けて現代インド地域研究を推進し、プロジェクト活動を通じて、次世代を担う若手研究者の育成を図っていく。

研究ユニット 1「現代インドの政治経済と思想」研究ユニット 2「現代インドの社会運動における越境」


「真実」

―梵語合成語 satya-kriyāをめぐりて―

原　　　実

－ 1－


satya-kriy

(1)

satya-kriysacca-kiriy

a solemn declaration, a declaration on oath

satya

Truth ( ) M. Monier Williams English Sanskrit

Dictionary satya, tathya, ta, samyak, avitathya, tattva, sattvasatya

ariya-sacca

satyatattva sattva 1

2 satya

ta satya

ta an ta ()

satya-kriy

E. W. Burlingame “The Act of Truth (saccakiriya): A Hindu Spell and its Employment as a psychic motif in Hindu Fiction” Journal of the American Oriental Society Heinrich Lüders Varu a (Göttingen 1951) Paul Thieme

“Meaning and form of the “grammar” of P ini”Studien zur Indologie und Iranistik 8/9 (1982) pp 1-34 = Kleine Schriften, pp. 1170-1201

1 For the ariya sacca, cf. K.R. Norman, “The four Noble Truth, ” in his Kleine Schriften, vol.II, pp.210-223, and “Why are the Four Noble Truths called ‘Noble’?”, vol. IV, pp.171-174. 2 For “magische Kraft der Wahrheit, ” cf. Thieme, Kleine Schriften, pp.1096, 1122, 1126, 1183, 1184, 1187-88; cf. also p.118.

原　　　　　　実

－ 2－

Renate Söhnen On the Concept and Function of satya in Ancient Indian Literature W. Norman Brown (International Conference on Sanskrit and Related Studies, Kracow 1995, pp. 235-244)

3 4

satya as- san, sant -ya, -tya

satya

br -

k - 5

(2) 6 (2-1) (J taka)

(2-1-1)

atthi loke s la-gu o, sacca soceyy' anudday tena saccena k h mi sacca-kiriyam anuttamam

vajjitv dhamma-bala saritv pubbake jine saccabalam apass ya saccakiriya ak s' aham (Va aka-j taka 35; I.214.9-12)

3 A Short History of the Word “satya / sacca” in the Post-Vedic Period 2012 7 3

RINDAS 2012 1 4 (satya) 50, 1994, pp.38-72; “The Truth-utterance (satyavacana) in Mah y na Buddhism” 56, 2002, pp.58-69. 5 Thieme, op. cit., p. 1182ff. and Söhnen p. 236ff. 6 For the concept of “Wahrheitszauber,” cf. Thieme, op. cit., pp. 930, 1182-5.

－ 3－


7

(2-1-2)

(2-1-2-1)

T paso "s dhu sacca-kiriyam kariss m ti" vatv Yaññadattassa s se hattha hapetv pa hama g tham ha:

satt ham ev ha pasannacitto puññatthiko acari brahmacariyam ath para ya carita mam -y-idam vass ni paññ sa sam dhik ni ak mako v hi aha car mi etena saccena suvatthi hotu hata visa j vatu Yaññadatto

saha sacca-kiriy ya Yaññadattassa thanappadesato uddha visam bhassitv pa havim p visi (Ka had payanaj taka 444 J.iv.31.7-22)

( ) =

8 (2-1-2-2)

7 Cf. L. Alsdorf, WZKAS 1 p.13 = Kleine Schriften, p.282, Wiesbaden 1974. 8 Cf. Lüders Varu a 2.491ff, Alsdorf WZKSOA I (Wien 1957) p.13.

－ 4－

yasm d na n'abhinandi kad ci disv n ha atithi v sa-k le na c pi me appiyata avedum bahussut sama abr hma ca ak mako v hi aha dad mi etena saccena suvatthi hotu hata visa j vatu yaññadatto ti

(2-1-2-3)

s viso t ta pah tatejo yo ta a atthi patar udicca tasmiñ ca me appiy t ya ajja pitari ca te n'atthi koci viseso etena saccena suvatthi hotu hata visam j vatu Yaññadatto ti

(2-1-2-4)

J.444 (Ka had p yana-j taka) J.34, 75, 216 (

Maccha-J taka) J.540 ( S ma-J taka)

(2-1-2-4-1)

satt ham ev ha pasannacitto

－ 5－


puññatthiko acarim brahmacariyam ath para ya carita mam -y-idam vass ni paññ sa sam dhik ni ak mako v hi aha car mi etena saccena suvatthi hotu hata visa j vatu Yaññadatto (1) yasm d na n'abhinandi kad ci disv n ha atithi v sak le na c pi me appiyata avedu bahussutt sama a-br hma ca ak mako v hi aha dad mi etena saccena suvatthi hotu hata visa j vatu Yaññadatto (2)

s viso t ta pah tatejo yo ta a atthi patar udicca tasmiñ ca me appiyat ya ajja pitari ca te n'atthi koci viseso etena....Yaññadatto (3) sant dant yeva paribbajanti aññatra Ka hy nak mar p d p yana kissa jiguccham no ak mako carasi brahmacariyan (4) saddh ya nikkhamma puna nivatto so e am go va b lo vat yam etassa v dassa jiguccham no ak mako car mi brahmacariyam viññ pasatthañ ca satañ ca h nam eva p' aha puññakaro bhav mi (5) sama e tuva br hma e addhike ca santappay si annap nena bhikkhum op nabh ta va ghara tav -y-idam annena p nena upetar pam atha kissa v dassa jiguccham no ak mako d na ima dad si (6) pitaro ca me su pit mah ca saddh , ah d napat vadaññ ta kullavattam anuvattam no m ha kule antimagandhino ahum etassa v dassa jiguccham no akamako d nam imam dad mi (7)

－ 6－

dahari kum ri asamatthapaññam yan t' nayi ñ tikul sugatte na v pi me appiyata avedi aññatra k m paric rayanti atha kena va ena may te bhoti sa v sadhammo ahu evar po (8)

r d re na idha kad ci atthi parampar n ma kule imasimi ta kullavatta anuvattam n m ha kule atimagandhin ahu etassa v dassa jiguccham n ak mik baddha car mi tuyham (9) ma avya bh sissam abh saneyyam ta khamyata puttahetu majja puttapem na idha par'atthi kiñci so no aya j vati Yaññadatto ti (10)

(1)

(2)

....(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

－ 7－


(8)

(9)

(10)

J.444

Yaññadatta (2-1-2-4-2) S ma-j taka (540)

ath' assa m t bahum vilapitv ure hattha hapetv sant pam upadh rent "puttassa me sant po pavattat' eva, visa-vegena visaññitam panno bhavissati, nibbisa-bh vatth ya c' assa saccakiriya kariss m ti cintetv saccakiriyam ak si. tam attha pak sento satth ha disv patitam s mam puttaka pa suku hitam a it putta-sokena m t saccam abh satha yena saccen' ayam s mo dhamma-c r pure ahu etena sacca-vajjena visam s massa haññatu (87) yena saccen' aya s mo brahmac r pure ahu (88) yena saccen' aya s mo sacca-v d pure ahu (89) ........................ m t -petti-bharo ahu (90) ........................ kule je h pac yiko etena sacce-vajjena visa s massa haññatu (91) yena saccen 'aya s mo p piyataro mama etena sacca-vajjena visam s massa haññatu (92) ya kiñc' atthi kata puñña mayhañ c' eva pitu-cca te sabbena tena kusalena visa s massa haññat ti (S ma-j taka 540.93)

.....

(87) .....

(88) .....(89)

－ 8－

(90) .....(91)

.....(92)

(93) (2-1-3)

S tassa vacanam sutv "ayya-putta aham tam asaddahanta mama sacca-balen' eva tikicchiss m ti" udakalasa p retv sacca-kiriyam katv tassa s se udakam siñcant tath mam saccam p letu p layissati ce mama yath ha n bhij n mi añña piyataram tay etena sacca-vajjena vy dhi te v pasammat 'ti (Sambul -j taka 519; J.5.94-95)

(2-1-4)

Mah satto ubhohi hatthehi puñña-p ti gahetv n v ya dhure hito sacca-kiriya karonto os na-g tham ha yato sar mi att na yato patto 'smi viññuta n bhij n mi sa cicca ekap am pi hi sitam tena sacca-vajjena sotthi n v nivattat ti (Supp raka-j taka 462: J.4.142 10-15)

－ 9－


(2-1-5)

te purata saty dhi h na karomi yena satyena satyavacanena sva mama b hu tath gata-p j -karma o parityajya suvar a-var o me k yo bhavi yati tena satyena satya-vacanen ya mama b hur yath paur o bhavavi yaty aya ca mah -p thiv a -vik ra prakampatv antar k a-gat ca deva-putr mah -pu pa-var a pravar antu /

atha khalu nak atra-r ja-sa kusumit bhijña samanantarak te 'smin saty dhi h ne tena sarvasattva-priya-dar anena bodhisattvena mah sattvena, atha khalv iya tris hasra-mah s hasr loka-dh tu a vik ra prakampit , uparyantar k c ca mah pu pa-var am abhipravar itam / (Saddharma-pu ar ka 22. Bhai ajya-r ja-p rva-yoga-parivarta p.413, line 7-p.414, line 2)

(2-1-6) (Mah -vastu)

i ha / satya-v kyena et badhyanti na aknonti antarah yitu / m dhurye a ca i asamanv haritv ju-bh vena cak ita na j n ti kinnar ye etasya artho ti (Mah -vastu 2.97.9-11)

dh t tva kinnara-r jasya drumar jño ya asvino etena satya-v kyena ti ha baddh si kinnar yath tva drumar jasya dh t drume a r jñ sa v ddh satya-vacanena bhadre mahohare m pada gaccha

－ 10 －

(2-2)

(2-2-1) svaire v api

(2-2-7) (2-2-1-1)

nokta-p rva may mithy svaire v api kad cana na ca yuddhe par v ttas tath sa j vat m ayam (19) yath me dayito dharmo br hma ca vi e ata abhimanyo suto j to m to j vaty aya tath (20) yath ha n bhij n mi vijayena kad cana virodha tena satyena m to j vatv aya i u (21) yath satya ca dharma ca mayi nitya prati hitau tath m ta i ur aya j vat m abhimanyuja (22) yath ka sa ca ke ca dharme a nihatau may tena satyena b lo 'ya punar ujjivat m iha (23) ity ukto v sudevena sa b lo bharatar abha anai anair mah r ja pr spandata sacetana (MBh.14.68.24)

(19)

(20)

(tena satyena) (21)

(22)

(23)

(24) (2-2-1-2)

gin am ka satya m v c

－ 11 －


gy uv ca yady etat s hasa t ta yadi v du k ta k tan priya v priya v te v g ukt na m may (1) naiv natheda bhavit pitare e a brav mi te n ha m pravrav mi svaire v api kuta apan (MBh.1.38.2)

s ta uv ca evam uktas tathety uktv so 'st ko m tara tad abrav d du kha-sa tapta v suki j vayann iva (17) aha tv mok ayi y mi v suke panngottama tasm c ch p n mah -sattva satyam etad brav mi te (18) bhava svastha-man n ga na hi te vidyate bhayam prayati ye tath saumya yath reyo bhavi yati na me v g an ta pr ha svaire v api kuto 'nyath (MBh.1.49.19)

(17)

(18)

(19)

dharma- l janapad susa to ca s dhava na ca mithy -pral po 'tra svaire v api kuto 'nyath (MBh.1.57.10)

evam etat saubaleyi naitaj j tv anyath bhavet vitatha nokta-p rva me svaire v api kuto 'nyath (MBh.1.107.17)

－ 12 －

madhu-kai abh v catu an ta nokta-p rva nau svaire v api kuto 'nyath satye dharme ca niratau viddh v puru ottama (MBh.3.194.23)

n ha mithy -vaco br y svaire v api kuto 'nyath bhavato yad aha br y tat k ryam avi a kay (MBh.13.51.17)

satya te pratij n mi n tra mithy sti ki cana an ta nokta-p rva me svaire v api kuto 'nyath (MBh.14.56.10)

svaire v api na ten ha smar mi vitatha kva cit ukta-p rva kuto r jan s par ye sa vak yati (MBh.1.44.11)

( )

yasya nityam t v ca svaire v api mah tmana trailokyam api tasya sy d yoddh yasya dhana jaya (MBh.3.46.5)

－ 13 －


na smar my an ta ki cin na smar my anup k tam na ca paryu ita v kya svaire v api mah tmana (MBh.3.71.13)

an ta na smar my asya svaire v api mah tmana atha kasya vik ro 'ya yen ya patito bhuvi (MBh.17.2.20)

(an ta vaca )

yadi me 'sti tapas tapta yadi datta huta yadi va r va urabhart mama pu y s tu arvar (96)

na smar my ukta-p rv vai svaire v apy an t giram tena satyena t v adya dhriyet m va urau mama (MBh.3.281.97)

c ka uv ca

nokta-p rva may bhadre svaire v apy an ta vaca kim ut gni sam dh ya mantravac caru-s dhane (MBh.12.49.24)

(2-2-2)

satya

－ 14 －

(2-2-2-1) ( Veda,

dh ra a sarva-ved n sarva-t rth vag hanam satya ca bruvato nitya sama v sy n na v samam (MBh.13.74.28)

(2-2-2-2) ( , , )

d ne ratatva satya ca ahi s priyam eva ca e k rya-gar yastv d d yate guru-l ghavam (4) kasm c cid d na-yog d dhi satyam eva vi i yate satya-v ky c ca r jendra ki cid d na vi i yate (5) evam eva mahe v sa priya-v ky n mah -pate ahi s d yate guruv tata ca priyam i yate (6) evam etad bhaved r jan k ry pek am anantaram yad abhipretam anyat te br hi y vad brav my aham (MBh.3.178.7)

(2-2-2-3) ( )

ahi s satyam asteya aucam indriya-nigraha eta s m sika dharma c tur-var ye 'brav n manu (MS.10.63)

(2-2-2-4)

brahmacarya day k ntir d na satyam akalkat ahi s steya-maddhurye dama ceti yam sm t (312)

－ 15 －


sn na manunopav sejy s sv dhy yopastha-nigrah niyam guru- u r auc krodh pram dat (YS.3.313)

(2-2-3)

(2-2-3-1) (satyam ev tiricyate)

a vamedha-sahasra ca satya ca tulay dh tam a vamedha-sahasr d dhi satyam eva vi i yate (MBh.1.69.22) a vamedha-sahasra ca satya ca tulay dh tam a vamedha-sahasr d dhi satyam ev tiricyate (MBh.12.156.26)

(2-2-3-2)

d ne ratatva satya ca ahi s priyam eva ca e k rya-gar yastv d d yate guru-l ghavam (4) kasm c cid d na-yog d dhi satyam eva vi i yate satyav ky c ca r jendra ki cid d na vi i yate (5) evam eva mahe v sa priya-v ky n mah -pate ahi s d yate gurv tata ca priyam i yate (6) evam etad bhaved r jan k ry pek am anantaram yad abhipretam anyat te br hi y vad brav my aham (MBh.3.178,7)

－ 16 －

(2-2-3-3)

a vamedha-sahasra ca satya ca tulay dh tam a vamedha-sahasr d dhi satyam eva vi yate (29) satyena s ryas tapati satyen gni prad pyate satyena m ruto v ti sarva satye prati hitam (30) satyena dev n pr ti pit n vai br hma s tath satyam hu para dharma tasm t satya na la ghayet (31) munaya satya-nirat munaya satya-vikram munaya satya- p s tasm t satya vi i yate satyavanta svargaloke modante bharatar abha (32) dama satyaphal v ptir ukt sarv tman may asa aya vin t tm sarva svarge mah yate (33) brahmacaryasya tu gu ñ u me vasudh dhipa

janmamara d yas tu brahmac r bhaved iha na tasya ki cid apr yam iti viddhi jan dhipa (34) bahvya ko yas tv tu brahmaloke vasanty uta satye rat n satata d nt n m rdhvaretas m (MBh.13.74.35)

(29)

(30)

(31) =

(32)

(33)

(34)

(35)

－ 17 －


(2-2-3-4) (sarva satye prati hitam)

a vamedha-sahasraya ca satya ca tulay dh tam a vamedhasahasr d dhi satyam eva vi i yate (MBh.13.74.29) satyena s ryas tapati satyen gni prad pyate satyena m ruto v ti sarva satye prati hitam (MBh.13.74.30)

na yajñ dhyayane d na niyam s t rayanti hi tath satya pare loke yath vai puru ar abha (61) tap si y ni c r ni cari yasi ca yat tapa sam atai sahasrai ca tat saty n na vi i yate (62) satyam ek k ara brahma satyam ek k ara tapa satyam ek k aro yajña satyam ek k ara rutam (63) satya vede u j garti phala satye para sm tam saty d dharmo dama caiva sarva satye prati hitam (MBh.12.192.64)

(eka-ak ara)

satyasya vacana s dhu na saty d vidyate param satyena vidh ta sarva sarva satye prati hitam (MBh,12.251,10)

－ 18 －

(2-2-4)

satya an ta v cya (2-2-4-1)

pr a-tr e 'n ta v cyam tmano v parasya v gurv-arthe str u caiva sy d viv ha-kara e (MBh.12.35.25)

9

(2-2-4-2)

satyam ev bhij n mo n n te kurmahe mana svadharmam anuti h mas tasm n m tyu-bhaya na na (MBh.3.182.17)

10

(2-2-5) satya-nitya

akrodhan dharma-par satyanity dame rat t d s dhavo vipr s tebhyo datta mah -phalam (MBh.13.23.33)

9 uttama-vyasan rtena pr a-tr am abh psn mayaitad astram uts a bh masena-bhay n mune (MBh.10.15.13)

10 Cf. also Kane vol.2, 1627, 1648 ( satya dharma ), 1420-21(satya ), vol.5 1256.

－ 19 －


devi dharm rtha-tattva-jñe satya-nitye dame rate sarva-pr i-hita pra na r yat buddhivardhana (MBh.13.132.4)

satya-nitya k am -nityo jñ na-nityo 'tithi-priya yo dad ti sat nitya sa m p cchatu p ava (9) ijy dhyayana-nitya a dharme ca nirata sad

nta rutarahasya ca sa m p cchatu p ava (MBh.12.55.10)

11

(2-2-6) (satya-vacana, satya-kriy )

(2-2-6-1)

satya-kriy

s vini citya bahudh vic rya ca puna puna ara a prati dev n pr ptak lam amanyata (15)

v c ca manas caiva namask ra prayujya s devebhya pr ñjalir bh tv vepam nedam abrav t (16) ha s n vacana rutv yath me nai hadho v ta patitve tena satyena dev s ta pradi antu me (17) v c ca manas caiva yath n bhicar my aham tena satyena vibuddh s tam eva pradi antu me (18)

11 For the word nitya, cf. M.Hara, “A Note on the Sanskrit Word nitya,” in JAOS, vol.79 (1959) pp.90-96.

－ 20 －

yath devai sa me bhart vihito ni adh dhipa tena satyena me dev s tam eva pradi antu me (19) sva caiva r pa pu yantu lokap l sahe var yath ham abhij n y pu ya- loka nar dhipam (20) ni amya damayanty s tat karu a paridevitam ni caya parama tathyam anur ga ca nai adhe (21) mano-vi uddhi buddhi ca bhakti r ga ca bh rata yathokta cakrire dev s marthya li ga-dh ra e (22) s pa yad vibudh n sarv n asved n stamba-locan n h ita-srag-rajo-h n n sthit n asp ata k itim (23) ch y -dvit yo ml na-srag-raja -sveda-samanvita bh mi- ho nai adha caiva nime e a ca s cita (24) s sam k ya tato dev n pu ya- loka ca bh rata nai adha varay m sa bhaim dharme a bh rata (MBh.3.54.25)

(15) (16)

(17)

(18) (19)

(20)

(21)

(22)

(23)

(24)

(25)

(2-2-6-2)

－ 21 －


yath drumasya duhit mameha tva manohar ghram etena satyena pada vraja manohare

tata s druta-padam abhikr nt (Divy vad na 459)

(2-2-6-3)

sa ha / prajñapay rya-duhitas tv asya bhaktam api tu satya-vacana t vat kari y mi / yen rya-duhita satyena satya-vacanen yam eva -r pa cary dbhuto dharmo na kad cid d o v ruto v tena satyena satya-vacanena ubhau tava stanau yath paur au pr dur-bhavet m / saha-k ten sminn eva -r pe satya-vacane tasy asminn eva k a e ubhau stanau yath paur au pr dur-bh tau (Divy vad na 32 p.472. 23-29)

( ) ( )

(2-2-6-4)

s ha / na me ubhau stanau parityajanty abh c cittasya vipratis ra / akra ha/atra ka raddh syati/r pavaty ha / tena hi br hma a satya-vacana kari y mi / yena satyena

brahman satya-vacanenobhau stanau parityajy m ti parityajya v n bh c cittasy nyath tva n bh c cittasya vipratis ro 'pi ca brahman yena satyena may d rakasy rth yobhau stanau parityaktau na r jy rtha na bhog rtham na svarg rtha na akr rtha na r jñ cakravartin vi ay rtha n nyatr ham anuttar samyak-sa bodhim abhisa budhy d nt n damayeyam amukt n mocayeyam an vast n v sayeyam aparinirv t n parinirv payeya tena satyena satya-vacanena mama str ndriyam antardh ya puru endriya pr durbhavet / tasy s tasminn eva k a e atr ndriyam antarhita puru endriya pr dur-bh tam / atha khalu akro devendras tu a udagr ttaman pramudita pr ti-saumanasya j ta / tata eva ddhy vaih yasam atyudgamyod nam ud nayati r pavaty str ndriyam antarhitam puru endriya pr durbh tam / r p vaty striya r p vata kum ra iti sa jñ utp dit (Divy vad na p.473 line 17-p.474 line 6)

－ 22 －

(2-2-7) tena satyena

svaire v api 2-2-1

tena satyena tena satyena

(2-2-7-1) (2-2-7-1-1)

tena saty bhisa dhena trivargam anuasta hat p lit s pur re h indre ev mar vat (R.1.6.5)

(

(2-2-7-1-2)

ap po 'si yath putra nihata p pa-karma tena satyena gacch u ye lok astra-yodhin m (R.2.58.34)

－ 23 －


(2-2-7-1-3)

yath tasya hi n nyasya bh vo m prati ti hati tena satyena m r jan moktum arhasy ari dama (R.7.26.27)

(

(2-2-7-2) (2-2-7-2-1)

(2-2-7-2-3-5)

na sma kle atama me sy t putrai saha para tapa duryodhanena nik t var am adya caturda am (58) du kkh d api sukha na sy d yadi pu yaphalak aya na me vi e o j tv s d dh rtar re u p avai (59) tena satyena k a tv hat mitra riy v tam asm d vimukta sa gr m t pa yeyam p avai saha naiva aky par jetu sattva hy e tath -gatam (MBh.5.88.60)

(58)

(59) (tena satyena)

(60) (2-2-7-2-2) (2-2-7-2-2-1)

yath mama priyatar s tvatto vipr kur dvaha

－ 24 －

tena satyena gaccheya lok n yatra sa a tanu (MBh.13.8.13)

(tena satyena)

brav mi satyam etac ca yath ha p u-nandana tena satyena gaccheya lok n yatra sa a tanu (MBh.13.58.38)

(tena satyena

(2-2-7-2-2-2)

ivir au n ro dh m n uv ca madhur giram yath b le u n r u vaih rye u tathaiva ca (8) sa gare u nip te u tath pad-vyasane u ca an ta nokta-p rva me tena satyena kha vraja (9) yath pr ca r jya ca r jan karma sukh ni ca tyajeya na puna satya tena satyena kha vraja (10) yath satyena sa dharmo yath satyena p vaka pr ta akra ca satyena tena satyena kha vraja (11) a akas tv atha r jar i kau iko m dhv -suta aneka atayajv na vacana pr ha dharma-vit (12) ata a pu ar k me gosav ca cit prabho

kratavo v japey ca te phalam av pnuhi (13) na me ratn ni na dhana na tath nye paricchad kr tu v anupayukt ni tena satyena kha vraja (MBh.5.120.14)

(8)

(an ta nokta-p rvam)

(tena satyena) (9)

(tena satyena) (10)

(tena satyena) (11)

(12)

－ 25 －


(13)

(tena satyena) (14)

(2-2-7-2-3) (2-2-7-2-3-1)

yath ham anya p ubhyo n bhij n mi ka cana tena satyena m pr pt k cako m va e k th (MBh.4.14.18)

(2-2-7-2-3-2) (S vitry-up khy na)

evam uktv sa dharm tm guru-vart guru-priya ucchritya b h du kh rta sasvara praruroha (94) tato 'brav t tath d v bhart ra oka-kar itam pram jy r i netr bhy s vitr dharmac ri (95) yadi me 'sti tapas tapta yadi datta huta yadi va r - va urabhart mama pu y s tu arvar (96)

na smar my ukta-p rv vai svaire v apy an t giram tena satyena t vad ya dhriyet va urau mama (MBh.3.281.97)

(94)

(95)

(96)

(97)

－ 26 －

(2-2-7-2-3-3)

tena satyena yath

damayant tuta du am upalabhya pati-vrat t vra-ro asam vi prajajv leva manyun (34) sa tu p pa-mati k udra pradhar ayitum tura durdhar tarkay m sa d pt m agni- ikh m iva (35) damayant tu du kh rt pati-r jya-vin k t at ta-v k-pathe k le a paina ru kila (36) y th ha nai adh d anya manas pi na cintaye tath ya patat k udra par sur m ga-j vana (37) ukta-m tre tu vacane tay sa m ga-j vana vyasu pap ta mediny m agni-dagdha iva druma (MBh.3.60.38)

(34)

(35)

(36)

(37)

(38)

(2-2-7-2-3-4)

J taka

nokta-p rva may mithy svaire v api kad cana na ca yuddhe par v ttas tath sa j vat m ayam (19) yath me dayito dharmo br hma ca vi e ata abhimanyo suto j to m to j vatv aya tath (20) yath ha n bhij n mi vijayena kad cana

－ 27 －


virodha tena satyena m to j vatv aya i u (21) yath satya ca dharma ca mayi nitya prati hitau tath m ta u ur aya j vat m abhimanyu-ja (22) yath ka sa ca ke ca dharme a nihatau may tena satyena b lo 'ya punar ujj vat m iha (23) ity ukto v sudevena sa b lo bharatar abha anai anair mah r ja pr spandata sacetana (MBh.14.68.24)

(19)

(20)

(21) (satya) (dharma)

(22)

(tena satyena) (23)

(24) (2-2-7-2-3-5)

yath hi y tv sa gr me na j je vijay mi ca tena satyena sa gr me hata viddhi jayadratham (53) dhruva vai br hma e satya dhruv s dhu u sa nati r r dhruv c pi dak e u dhruvo n r aya e jaya (MBh.7.53.54)

(2-2-8) (satyam etad brav mi te)

satyam etad brav mi te

s ta uv ca evam uktas tathety uktv so 'st ko m tara tad

－ 28 －

abrav d du khasa tapta v suki j vayann iva (17) aha tv mok ayi y mi v suke pannagottama tasm c ch pan mah sattva satyam etad brav mi te (18) bhava svastha-man n ga na hi te vidyate bhayam prayati ye tath saumya yath reyo bhavi yati na me v g an ta pr ha svaire v api kuto 'nyath (MBh.1.49.19)

(17)

(18)

(19)

yadi dharma-pathas tv e a yadi c tm prabhur mama prad ne pajrava re ha u me samaya prabho (15) satya me pratij n hi yat tv vak y my aha raha mama j yeta ya putra sa bhavet tvad anantaram (16) yuva-r jo mah -r ja satyam etad brav hi me yad etad eva du anta astu me sa gamas tvay (17) vai a p yana uv ca evam astv iti t r j pratyuv c vic rayan api ca tv nayi y mi nagara sva ucismite yath tvam arh su ro i satyam etad brav mi te (18) evam uktv sa r jar is t m anindita-g min m jagr ha vidhivat p v uv sa ca tay saha (MBh.1.67.19)

(15)

(16)

(17)

－ 29 －


(18)

(19)

prayati ye tath kartu yath n nyo dhanurdhara tvat-samo bhavit loke satyam etad brav mi te (MBh.1.123.6)

s ha tv m abhisa prek ya deva-garbha-samaprabham n nya bhart ram icch mi satyam etad brav mi te (23) etad vijñ ya dharmajña yukta mayi sam cara k mopah -citt g bhajam n bhajasva m m (MBh.1.139.24)

na ca bh ry -sama ki -cid vidyate bhi aj matam au adha sarva-du khe u satyam etad brav mi te (MBh.3.58.27)

(2-2-9)

pr hi mama d r ca yac c nyad vidyate vasu atithibhyo may deyam iti me vratam hitam (70) ni sa digdha may v kyam etat te samud h tam

－ 30 －

ten ha vipra satyena svam tm nam labhe (71) p thiv v yur k am po jyoti ca pañcamam buddhir tm mana k lo di a caiva gu da a (72) nityam ete hi pa yanti de in deha-sa rit suk ta du k ta c pi karma dharma-bh t vara (73) yathai n n t v may dya samud h t tena satyena m dev p layantu dahantu v (74) tato n da samabhavad dik u sarv su bh rata asak t satyam ity eva naitan mithyeti sarva a (MBh.13.2.75)

(70)

(71)

(72) (73)

(74) (75) 12

(2-2-10)

yadi may devasya pu ar kasya dar an t prabh ti manas para pum n na cintitatas tad nena me satyavacanen yam al kak m mad-ud rit y m eva j tau patatu" iti K damvar p.530 9-10: cf. Lüders 499)

(3)

satya satya-kriysatya

tattva sattva

12 M. Hara, “Divine Witness,” Journal of Indian Philosophy 37 (Dordrecht 2009) pp.253-272.

－ 31 －


Abbreviations J. : J taka (PTS. edition by V. Fausbøll) JAOS. : Journal of the American Oriental Society (Baltimore) Kane : P.V.Kane, History of Dharma stra I-V (Poona 1968) MBh. : The Mah bh rata edited by V. S. Sukthankar (Poona Critical Edition) MS. : The Manusm ti (The Nir aya S gar Press, Bombay 1947) R. : The V lm ki R m ya a edited by J. H. Bhatt and others (Baroda Critical Edition) WZKAS : Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde Südasiens und Archiv für indische Philologie (Wien) YS. : The Y jñavalkyasm ti (The Nir aya S gar Press, Bombay 1949)

: Journal of the American Oriental Society (Baltimore)

: P.V.Kane, History of Dharma stra I-V (Poona 1968)

: The Mah bh rata edited by V. S. Sukthankar (Poona Critical Edition)

: The Manusm ti (The Nir aya S gar Press, Bombay 1947)

: The V lm ki R m ya a edited by J. H. Bhatt and others (Baroda Critical Edition)

: Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde Südasiens und Archiv für indische Philologie

: The Y jñavalkyasm ti (The Nir aya S gar Press, Bombay 1949)

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