resÚmenes del temario para teÓrico comÚn: permiso de conducciÓn “b”

7/23/2019 RESMENES DEL TEMARIO PARA TERICO COMN: PERMISO DE CONDUCCIN B.

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sslotc2889

RK^@KOK^ FKA VK@LRCGXLRL VKRCNG NG@O=

XKR@C^G FK NGOF[NNCO B


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Rks`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkrcng ng`o= Xkr`csg fk ngofunnco B sslotc2889

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ofcnk Fkicocncgoks - Vcpgs fk Ykdnuags////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////2 Vk`l < - [sg fk als vls Xbacnls //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6

Vk`l 2 Ykagncflf //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////4

Vk`l > - @locgbrls $


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Fkicocncgoks- Vcpgs fk Ykd nuags Xklto=Ks ka quk trlosctl l pck pgr al vl pbacnl! ka quk k`puml uol bcnc g ncnag`gtgr fk 2 rukfls! ka quk vl ko scaalfk rukfls/

Ykdnuag=Lplrltg lptg plrl ncrnualr pgr als vls pbacnls/ Vcpgs fk vkdnuags=

Ykdnuags OG ngoscfkrlfgs l `gtgr=

Ncnag ' bcncnaktl=Ykdnuag fk fgs rukfls pgr ag `kogs! lnncgolfg pgr ka ksiukrzg `usnualr fkals pkrsgols quk ag gnuplo! ko plrtcnualr `kfclotk pkflaks g `locvkals/


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Ncnag`gtgr fk fgs rukfls= @gtgr fk ncacofrlfl og supkrcgr l ;8 n` >/Ykagncflf `xc`l ogsupkrcgr l 6; j`'d/

Ykdnuags ^C ngoscfkrlfgs fk `gtgr=

Lutg`vca= Ykdnuag fk `gtgr quk scrvk! ogr`la`kotk! plrl ka trlospgrtk fk pkrsgols g ngsls! g fk l`bls l al vkz!g plrl al trlnnco fk gtrgs vkdnuags ngo lquka ico/ ^k kxnauyko fk kstl fkicocnco ags vkdnuags kspknclaks/

@gtgncnaktl=@gtgr fk ncacofrlfl supkrcgr l ;8 n` >! y'g ngo uol vkagncflf `xc`lsupkrcgr l 6; j`'d/

Vurcs`g= Lutg`vca fkstcolfg la trlospgrtk fk pkrsgols quk tkoel! pgr ag `kogs! nultrgrukfls y quk tkoel! lfk`s fka lsckotg fka ngofuntgr! gndg palzls ng`g `xc`g/

Ykdnuag `cxtg lflptlbak= Lutg`vca kspkncla`kotk fcspukstg plrl ka trlospgrtk!sc`uatokg g og! fk `krnlonls y pkrsgols dlstl uo `xc`g fk 3 palzls conaucfg kangofuntgr! y ko ka quk sk pukfk sustctucr kvkotula`kotk al nlrel! plrncla g tgtla`kotk!pgr pkrsgols `kfclotk al lfcnco fk lsckotgs! rkspktlofg ka a`ctk lotks cofcnlfg/

Ykdnuag kspkncla=Ykdnuag! lutgprgpuaslfg g rk`ganlfg! ngonkbcfg y ngostrucfg plrl rklaczlr gbrls g skrvcncgsfktkr`colfgs y quk! pgr sus nlrlntkrstcnls! kst kxnkptulfg fk nu`pacr laeuol fk als ngofcncgoks tnocnls kxcecfls

ko kstk Rkeal`kotg g sgbrkplsl pkr`lokotk`kotk ags a`ctks kstlbakncfgs ko ka `cs`g plrl `lsls g fc`koscgoks!ls ng`g al `lqucolrcl lerngal y sus rk`gaquks/

LERCNGAL^= Fk GBRL^= Fk ^KRYCNCG^=


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Vk`l < - [sg fk als v ls Xu bacnls Nlazlfl= Ncrnualrlo pgr al nlazlfl tgfgs ags lutg`vcaks y vkdnuags kspknclaks fk `s fk >/;88 je! ks gbaceltgrcg

ncrnualr pgr al fkrkndl! ag `s nkrnl fka bgrfk fkrkndg/Lrno=

Ksto gbacelfgs l utcaczlrag=

g Ags vkdnuags kspknclaks fk >/;88je g `kogs/

g Ags ncnags/

g Ncnag`gtgrks fk 2! > rukfls y nulfrcncnags acekrgs/

g Xkltgoks y Loc`laks/

g Ngndks fk `cousvacfg/

g Ags quk ncrnuako pgr k`krekoncl! pkrturblofg al ncrnualnco! dlstl >/;88 je/

Ogtl= Xukfko cr ko ngau`ol fk fgs ags ncnacstls $tlotg pgr ka lrno ng`g pgr al nlazlfl# y ags ncnag`gtgrks fk 2 rukfls$sgag pgr ka lrno#/

Xlrtks fk al vl=


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Ogr`ls fk ngofuntl=

Xrgdcbcncgoks=

g Lrrgmlr gbmktgs ko al vl/

g Ngagnlr vcfrcgs tcotlfgs og dg`gagelfgs/

g [slr ka `vca slavg quk ka `logs acbrks skl ngo latlvgz/

g Ka ngofuntgr og pukfk uslr Cotkrokt! fvf! g `goctgrks slavg ka scstk`l EX^/

g Ncrnualr ngo ocvkaks fk du`g g rucfg pgr konc`l fk ag pkr`ctcfg/

g Ncrnualr ngo ka ksnlpk acbrk g sco scakonclfgr $cr sco tubg fk ksnlpk#/

Ncrnualnco fk vkdnuags= Yls cotkrurblols= Kstls vls ksto sctulfls iukrl fk pgbalfg y ncrnualrk`gs pgr ka nlrrca fkrkndg ng`g ogr`l ekokrla/

Cotkrurblol fk > nlrrcaks y Fgbak skotcfg/ Cotkrurblol fk > nlrrcaks plrl ka `cs`g skotcfg

^k ncrnual pgr ka nlrrca fk al fkrkndl y skpukfk utcaczlr ka nkotrla ko l`bgs skotcfgs sgagplrl lfkalotl`ckotgs y nl`bcgs fk fcrknnco lal czquckrfl/

^k ncrnualrl pgr ka nlrrca fk al fkrkndl y pgfk`gs utcaczlr agsfk`s nulofg ag oknksctk`gs! `kogs ags vkdnuags ngork`gaquk fk `s fk 5` fk agoectuf y nl`cgoks fk `s fk>/;88Je kstgs og pgfro utcaczlr ka sctulfg `s l al czquckrfl/

Yls urblols= ^go als vls quk ksto sctulfls fkotrg fk pgbalfg conaucfls als trlvksls/

^k ncrnual pgr al fkrkndl ng`g ogr`l ekokrla! pkrg sctkok`gs fgs g `s nlrrcaks fkac`ctlfgs pgr aokls plrloukstrg skotcfg pgfk`gs cr pgr ka quk `kmgr ngovkoel/

Yl [rblol ngo > nlrrcaks plrl ka`cs`g skotcfg


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Ogr`ls fk Lutgpcstls S Lutgvl=

L[VGXC^VL

-Og L[VG-^VGX/

-Og pukfko kotrlr= Ncnag`gtgrks!pkltgoks! loc`laks/

-Og pukfko kotrlr Ncnacstls/

-Ko nlsg fk k`krekoncl!lblofgolr pgr al prxc`l slacfl/

L[VGYL

-Og L[VG-^VGX/

-Og pukfko kotrlr= Ncnag`gtgrks!pkltgoks! loc`laks/

-^c pukfko kotrlr ncnacstls! sck`prkquk tkoelo `s fk


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Bukog vl`gs l ng`kozlr kxpacnlofg kstgs nlrrcaks y plrl ksg quckrg quk gs icmcs ko al prc`krl aktrl fk nlfl nlrrcaquk dk ngagnlfg ko ngagr vkrfk! ksls aktrls sc als muotl`gs igr`lo al plalbrl RL^kstl plalbrl fkbcs fk lprkofkral yls nulofg gs slael laeuol prkeuotl rkalncgolfl ngo kstgs nlrrcaks fkbcs lsgnclr al pgscnco fk al prc`krl aktrl kokstl `ecnl plalbrl! uo kmk`pag=

^c ogs prkeuotlo pgr uo nlrrca Lfcncgola! ogsgtrgs fkbk`gs fk pkoslr ko al plalbrl RL^y lsgnclrag ngo al aktrlL $fklfcncgola# quk ko kstk nlsg gnupl ka skeuofg auelr fk al plalbrl RL y la gnuplr ka skeuofg auelr tckok 2gbacelncgoks'rkstrcnncgoks! sc pgr kmk`pag ogs prkeuotlo pgr kaRkvkrscbak la gnuplr ka prc`kr auelr $fk al plalbrlRL^# sgag tckok < gbacelnco y sc prkeuotlo pgr ka^kotcfg ngotrlrcg la kstlr ko tkrnkr auelr al ^ puks tckok >gbacelncgoks/

[ol vkz ngotrgalfg ksg ks sgag slbkr quk al prc`krl gbacelnco ks ka lau`brlfg! al skeuofl al vkagncflf y al tkrnkrl alrkstrcnnco fk lnnksg/

Lnalrlnco fk nlrrcaks kspknclaks=

Rkvkrscbak=Ogr`la`kotk ag kongotrl`gs ko vls fk pgbalfg! kstlro sklaczlfgs ngo sk`igrgs fk nlrrca y`lrnls vclaks fcsngotcouls fgbaks/ Al ncrnualnco pukfk kstlr rkeualfl ko uo skotcfg g ko gtrg/

Lfcncgola=Kstk nlrrca ag pukfko uslr tgfgs ags vkdnuags kxnkptg ags gbacelfgs l ncrnualr pgr ka lrno/Al vkagncflf y lau`brlfg likntlo l tgfgs ags vkdnuags quk ncrnualo pgr al nlazlfl/

^kotcfg ngotrlrcg= Kstk nlrrca og sk pkr`ctk= lfkalotlr! fkspalzl`ckotgs altkrlaks y ltrlvkslr ngogs/

Nlrrcaks Y/L/G/=Nlrrca plrl vkdnuags fk latl gnuplnco/

Ag pukfko utcaczlr=

Ags turcs`gs! vkdnuags `cxtgs y `gtgs fk dlstl >/;88je y aakvlofg ka ou`krg fkgnuplotks quk ogs cofcquk ka ploka/

Ags vkdnuags prcgrctlrcgs ko skrvcncg fk urekoncl/ Ags vkdnuags plrl pkrsgols fk `gvcacflf rkfuncfl/

Og ag pukfko utcaczlr=

Ouonl ag pukfko utcaczlr ags nl`cgoks g ags vkdnuags ngo rk`gaquk/


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Vk`l 2 Ykagncflf Vcpgs fk vkagncflf=

g Ykagncflf lfknulfl= ks lflptlr al vkagncflf l als ncrnuostloncls fka tricng! al vcscbcacflf! al vl! fka vkdnuagy fka ngofuntgr! ks al vkagncflf pkrikntl ko tgfg `g`kotg / Ncrnualr l al vkagncflf ngrrkntl og supgok uorckseg/

g Ykagncflf colfknulfl= ks og lflptlr al vkagncflf l als ncrnuostloncls/ Ks uol fk als prconcplaks nlusl fklnncfkotks/ Ncrnualr l al vkagncflf congrrkntl supgok uo ERLO rckseg/

g Ykagncflf kxnkscvl= ks supkrlr ags a`ctks fk vkagncflf/g Ykagncflf fk fcskg= ks al vkagncflf `xc`l skeurl ko ngofcncgoks ilvgrlbaks skeo ka trlzlfg fk al vl/g Ykagncflf `xc`l= Ks ka a`ctk fk vkagncflf `xc`g fk al vl/ Xgr kmk`pag ko pgbalfg ;8 j`'d/g Ykagncflf ac`ctlfl= Ks uo a`ctk fk vkagncflf pgr fkblmg fka `xc`g fkbcfg l laeo pkacerg/

g

Ykagncflf òc`l= Ks ag `s fksplncg quk pgfk`gs ncrnualr ngo skeurcflf/g Ykagncflf logr`la`kotk rkfuncfl= Ks ncrnualr pgr fkblmg fk al vkagncflf òc`l/ Kst prgdcbcfg sc og kxcstk

uo `gtcvg quk ag mustcicquk/ Ks ngrrkntg ko nlsg fk lvkrl! `la tck`pg! ltlsngs! ktn///

Kikntgs fk al vkagncflf=

g RKF[NK ka nl`pg vcsula $kikntg toka#! quk ks ùy pkacergsg ko cotkrsknncgoks y ko fkspalzl`ckotgsaltkrlaks ko lutgpcstl g lutgvl/

g Lu`kotl al iltcel y al lerkscvcflf/g Fcs`couyk al nlplncflf fk rklnnco/g Fcicnuatl ka ngotrga fka vkdnuag/g Fcs`couyk al nlplncflf fk lotcncplnco/

Fkbg `gfkrlr al vkagncflf=

g Nulofg `k lprgxc`k l ocgs! lonclogs! covcfkotks g loc`laks/g Xlsgs fk pkltgoks og rkeualfgs/g Ko zgols fgofk OG VKOEG XRCGRCFLF $cotkrsknncgoks! plsgs l ocvka! eagrcktls#/ Lfk`s! sc kst sklaczlfl y

og kxcstk vcscbcacflf `k lprgxc`lr l uol vkagncflf ng`g `xc`g fk ;8 j`'d/g Nulofg kxcstlo ngofcncgoks fk `la tck`pg! plvc`kotg fksaczlotk g nulofg `k fksau`brko $ka sga g als aunks

fk gtrg vkdnuag#/g Ko zgols fk vcscbcacflf rkfuncfl g ko kstrkndl`ckotgs/g La lprgxc`lr`k l uo lutgbs ko sctulnco fk plrlfl/


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Og fkbg s upkrlr

;8j`'dKo [rblols pgr quk///

38'


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Lrnko fk


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- @locgbrls $


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/;88 je og pgfk`gs lplrtlrogs la lrno! oc pgokr ka

cotkr`ctkotk fkrkndg! plrl ilncactlr uo lfkalotl`ckotg/-

;/ Igr`ls fk lvcslr quk vls l rklaczlr uo lfkalotl`ckotg=l# La vkdnuag fk fktrs ngo ka cotkr`ctkotk g ngo ka brlzg/b#La vkdnuag quk `k prknkfk $ka fk fkalotk#=

Kopgbalfg ngo fkstkaags fk ngrtg! alreg g ngrtg alreg/ Kocotkrurblol ngo fkstkaags fk ngrtg! alreg g ngrtg alreg y ngo ka nalxgo/

9/ Kst Xrgdcbcfg Lfkalotlr ko=l# Auelrks fk vcscbcacflf rkfuncfl! kxnkptg quk ksto ags nlrrcaks fkac`ctlfgs ngo aokls y sk dlel ka lfkalotl`ckotg scocovlfcr ka skotcfg ngotrlrcg/b#Ko tokaks y plsgs coikrcgrks sc sgag tckoks uo nlrrca plrl tu skotcfg/n#Ko plsgs l ocvka y sus prgxc`cflfks! kxnkptg sc lfkalotls l vkdnuags fk 2 rukfls/f# Ko plsgs fk pkltgoks y sus prgxc`cflfks! kxnkptg=

L vkdnuags fk 2 rukfls/ L nulaquckr vkdnuag sc sk dlnk ka lfkalotl`ckotg l vkagncflf tlo rkfuncfl quk pgfl`gs fktkokrogs l tck`pg ko nlsg

fk pgscbak ltrgpkaag/

k#Ko cotkrsknncgoks! kxnkptg= ^c tkok`gs prkikrkoncl! sc pgfk`gs lfkalotlr/ Luoquk og tkoel`gs prkikrkoncl tl`bco pgfk`gs lfkalotlr sc ka fk fkalotk ks=

uo vkdnuag fk 2 rukfls/ sc ks uol palzl g eagrcktl/ Nulofg ka fk fkalotk vl l nl`bclr fk fcrknnco l al czquckrfl sk ak pukfk lfkalotlr pgr al fkrkndl/

5/ La lfkalotlr l= Loc`laks Ykdnuags plrl pkrsgols fk `gvcacflf rkfuncfl Xkltgoks Ncnag`gtgrks Ncnags Ykdnuags fk trlnnco loc`la

Fkbk`gs covlfcr ka nlrrca fk la alfg tgtla g plrncla`kotk! luoquk pcsk`gs uol aokl ngotcoul/

4/ Og sk ngoscfkrl lfkalotl`ckotg nulofg uo vkdnuag vl `s rpcfg quk gtrg ko kstgs nlsgs=l# Ko vls slturlfls $ltlsng#/b#Ko nlrrcaks fk lnkakrlnco! fk fknkakrlnco g nlrrcaks B[^! BCNC/n#Ags prgfuncfgs kotrk ncnacstls quk ncrnuako ko erupg/


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Fcstloncl irgotla fk skeurcflf=

Ekokrla`kotk dly > tcpgs fk fcstloncl fk skeurcflf=

/ [ol fcstloncl fk ;8 `ktrgs ngo ka vkdnuag quk ogs prknkfk $fkalotk#/

Al fcstloncl O sk lpacnl l vkdnuags quk `cflo `s fk /;88je/


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/ Ko vls fk ocng skotcfg `k sctg ka alfg czquckrfg fk al nlazlfl/

6/ Ko eagrcktls g ecrgs lngofcncgolfgs fkbk`gs rgfklrags sck`prk/

;/ Ags ncnags y ncnag`gtgrks ko vls cotkrurblols ags dlro fksfk ka lrno scog kxcstk uo auelr lngofcncgolfg plrl ka ecrg/

9/ ^k prgdbk ka nl`bcg fk fcrknnco l al czquckrfl ko auelrks fgofk ogkxcstl vcscbcacflf g fgofk kstk al skla fk prgdcbcnco/

$[o nl`bcg fk fcrknnco ks ecrlr l al fkrkndl g l al czquckrfl ko uolcotkrsknnco#

Nl`bcg fk skotcfg=

/ ^k fkbk rklaczlr ko uol `locgbrl sco utcaczlr al `lrndl ltrs/

6/ Auelrks fgofk sk prgdbk=

l# Fgofk og kxcstl vcscbcacflf/b# Ko plsgs l ocvka $sc sk pukfk ko als prgxc`cflfks#n# Ko trl`gs fk vl ngo al skla fk toka/f# Fgofk kstk prgdcbcfg lfkalotlr/k# Ko plsgs fk pkltgoks/

Nl`bcg fk skotcfg la `cs`g ocvka Nl`bcg fk skotcfg l fcstcotg ocvka


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/- ^c og sk slbk qucko dl kotrlfg prc`krg! plsl ka quk tkoel `s fcicnuatlf fk `locgbrl/ Vlbal fk Grfko =

6/- ^c ags vkdnuags sgo fka `cs`g tcpg! plsl prc`krg ka quk tkoel quk flr `lrndl ltrs `s `ktrgs/;/- ^c tckoko quk flr `lrndl ltrs ags `cs`gs `ktrgs! plsl prc`krg ka fk `s londurl! `lsl g agoectuf/

Ko pkofckotks=Ko pkofckotks ka vkdnuag quk lsnckofk $subk# tckok prkikrkoncl ng`g ogr`l ekokrla! ^LAYG quk pukfl kstk aakelr l uolplrtlfkrg y kotrl ko ka plrl ilncactlr ka plsg l ags quk vckoko ko skotcfg ngotrlrcg/


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Fkslagmlr ags gnuplotks/ ^klaczlr la `lqucocstl y ngofuntgrks `c sctulnco/ Cotkotlr rktcrlr ka vkdnuag ag lotks pgscbak/

2/- Ko agstokaks y plsgs coikrcgrks=

l# Xgr k`krekoncl= Lplelr `gtgr! konkofkr auz k`krekoncl y pgscnco y trcoeuags/ Lblofgolr ka vkdnuag y `lrndlr l uo rkiuecg g slacr fka toka/

b#Xgr oknkscflfks fka tricng$ltlsng#= Lplelr `gtgr! konkofkr auz k`krekoncl y pgscnco/ OG lblofgolr ka vkdnuag/

n#Xgr conkofcg=Lplrtlr ka vkdnuag l al fkrkndl y lplelr ka `gtgr/Fkmlr als aalvks pukstls y als pukrtls lbckrtls/Lblofgolr ka vkdnuag y `lrndlr l uo rkiuecg g slacr fka toka ko skotcfg ngotrlrcg la iukeg/


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Vk`l 9 - Vrlospgrtk fk Xkrsgols y @krnlon ls Vrlospgrtk fk pkrsgols=


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2/-Ykdnuags fkstcolfgs la trlospgrtk fk `krnlonls

Agoectuf=

^c `cfko fk alreg ;` g `kogs! pukfk sgbrkslacr


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2>

Fc`koscgoks `xc`ls $Conaucfl al nlrel#=

LOND[RL 2!;;`/ LAV[RL 6`/ AGOECV[F


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Koslyg g covkstcelncopukfk supkrlr al vkagncflf

ko >8j`'d

Nlrel sgbrkslackotkpgr fktrs

@krnlonls pkacergsls Xrksklaczlnco pkacerg2 Gbaceltgrcgs

Vrlospgrtk Ksngalr Ykdnuag fklutgksnukal

Ngofuntgr ogvka Vlrmktl fk cospknncoVnocnl


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Vk`l 5 - Lau`brlfg la Ncrnualr

Kotrk ka gnlsg y al slacfl fka sgag ko ngofcncgoks lfvkrsls g tokaks/$Fk ogndk! ngo aauvcl! ngo ockbal! kotokaks///#

-[rblol yVrlvksl$ko pukbag#

^uicnckotk`kotk cau`colfl= Xgscncgo*Nrunk

$vl cau`colfl///ilrgals///#Cosuicnckotk`kotk cau`colfl= Xgscncgo*Nrunk$vl sco cau`colnco///#

Cotkrurblol $iukrl fk pukbag#

^uicnckotk`kotk cau`colfl= Xgscncgo*Nrunk$vl cau`colfl///ilrgals///#Cosuicnckotk`kotk cau`colfl=Xgscncgo*Nlrrktkrl $vl sco cau`colnco///#

Ncrnualofg=

Ks gbaceltgrcg sustctucr al auz fk nlrrktkrl pgr al fk nrunk sc fksau`brl`gs/

^c ncrnual`gs l 68 j`'d g `kogs pgr uol vl cotkrurblol cosuicnckotk`kotk cau`colfl sk pukfk pgokr al auz fknrunk ko vkz fk al fk nlrrktkrl/^k ngoscfkrl vl cosuicnckotk`kotk cau`colfl nulofg=

Og sk pukfk akkr uol `ltrcnual fksfk


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Auz Lotcockbal Fkalotkrl=$auz balonl g l`lrcaag skakntcvg#

^k pukfk utcaczlr ko tgfls als ngofcncgoks lfvkrsls kxnkptg ko AA[YCL OG COVKO^Ly ouonl ks gbaceltgrcg utcaczlral! ks gpncgola/

GMG,, Luoquk og kxcstlo ngofcncgoks lfvkrsls sk pgfrl utcaczlr ko trl`gs fk vlkstrkndgs ngo al skla fk nurvls pkacergsls y fk ogndk/

Auz Lotcockbal Vrlskrl=$auz rgml#

Kstl ^C ks gbaceltgrcl y al utcaczl`gs ko nlsg fk ngofcncgoks `uy lfvkrsls=Aauvcl `uy COVKO^L! ockvk y ockbal FKO^L! du`g y pgavg FKO^G/

Ko `gtgs kstl auz ks Gpncgola/

Lau`brlfg ko co`gvcaczlncgoks=

XLRLFL=Kotrk ka gnlsg y al slacfl fka sga $ogndk#! ^CK@XRK al auz fk XG^CNCGO fkotrg y iukrl fk pgbalfg/

FKVKONCGO=Kotrk ka gnlsg y al slacfl fka sga $ogndk#! ^CK@XRK al auz fk XG^CNCGO! fkotrg y iukrl fk pgbalfg/ ^c kspgr k`krekoncl lfk`s llfcr al auz fk k`krekoncl/Fk fl sgag al auz fk k`krekoncl/

K^VLNCGOL@CKOVG=Kotrk ka gnlsg y al slacfl fka sga $ogndk#! auz fk XG^CNCGO! Kxnkptg= Yl urblol= og sk fkmlrl ocoeuol auz sc sk fcstcoeuk oukstrg vkdnuag/ Vrlvksl= sk pgfr sustctucr al auz fk pgscnco pgr al fk kstlncgol`ckotg g als fgs fk pgscnco fka alfg fk al

nlazlfl/ $kstg ks laeg quk og kstl`gs lngstu`brlfgs l vkr! ngndks ngo al auz fk pgscnco g kstlncgol`ckotg qukskrclo als fk pgscnco fk uo sgag alfg/// `ckotrls sus fukgs kstl pgr kmk`pag fur`ckofg ko sus nlsls#/

Gtrgs=

NLVLFCGXVRCNG^=Oukstrgs lutg`vcaks fkbkro aakvlr nltlfcptrcngs fka `cs`gngagr quk als aunks y su igr`l ks OG VRCLOE[ALR/Dly uol kxnkpnco! ko ags rk`gaquks! ko al plrtk trlskrl ka nltlfcptrcng rgmg sc kstrcloeualr/

A[] FK ELACBG=Kstls aunks sgo Gbaceltgrcls sc oukstrg vkdnuag `cfk fk londg `sfk 2! rukfls/

A[] COVKRCGR=Kstl og ks gbaceltgrcl plrl ags turcs`gs/


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A[] FK XALNL FK @LVRCN[AL=Kstl auz sk konckofk l al vkz quk al auz fk pgscnco/

A[] FK @LRNDL LV^=Kstl auz ks fk ngagr balong y sk konckofk la ngagnlr ko al nlmlfk vkagncflfks al `lrndl ltrs! sckofg < gbaceltgrcl y 2 gpncgola/

A[] FK K@KREKONCL=Auz fk ngagr l`lrcaag lutg $tgfgs ags cotkr`ctkotks l al vkz#! koka slapcnlfkrg fka ngndk sk konckofk uo pcagtg rgmg cotkr`ctkotk! ks gbaceltgrcl kolutg`vcaks y gpncgola ko `gtgs/ ^k pgfr utcaczlr ko=

Ko lutgpcstl y lutgvl sc la irkolr fk `gfg ngoscfkrlbak kxcstk rckseg fk ngacsco/ Co`gvcaczlnco g ncrnualnco pgr k`krekoncl/ ^krvcncgs fk urekoncl/$trlsalflr l uo dkrcfg la dgspctla ko oukstrg vkdnuag pgr

kmk`pag#

A[] FK IRKOLFG=Kstl auz ks fk ngagr rgmg! uo rgmg `ls cotkosg quk ka fk pgscncoplrl aal`lr al ltkonco! ko lutg`vcaks kstl`gs gbacelfgs l aakvlr la `kogs 2 ygpncgola > y ko `gtgs < gbaceltgrcl y 2 gpncgola/


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Vk`l 4 - ^ko laks fk Ncrnualncg o Kstk tk`l sk pukfk ngosuatlr ngo `lygr ilncacflf ko su acbrg fk tkxtg/


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Vk`l 3 - Ka Xkr`csg fk Ngofuncr Ykdnuags l nuyl ngofunnco lutgrczlo ags fcstcotgs tcpgs fk pkr`csgs=

Xkr`csg B=

rukfls! nulfrcncnagsacekrgs/

2/ Lutg`vcaks dlstl >/;88 Je y 3 palzls conaucfg ka ngofuntgr=Vurcs`gs/ VrcncnagsYkdnuag @cxtg/ NulfrcncnagsNl`cgoks/ Lutg nlrlvlols/

>/ Ykdnuags kspknclaks=

Lerngals/ $Nulaquckr pksg y dlstl 3 palzls#Gbrls g ^krvcncgs=

g l# ^c ngrrk 68 j`'d g `kogs/ $Nulaquckr pksg y dlstl 3 palzls#

g b# ^c ngrrk `ls fk 68 j`'d/ $Dlstl >/;88 je y 3 palzls#

6/ Ykdnuags ngo rk`gaquk= ^c ka rk`gaquk ks acekrg $5;8 je g `kogs#! sk pukfk aakvlr sck`prk/

g Kmk`pag= Nl`co fk >/;88 je * rk`gaquk fk 5;8 je g `kogs/

^c ka rk`gaquk ks pkslfg $`s fk 5;8 je#! tckoko quk flrsk kstls fgs ngofcncgoks=

g l# \uk al @@L fka ngomuotg og supkrk ags >/;88 je/

g b# \uk al @@L fka Rk`gaquk skl ceula g coikrcgr l al Vlrl fka vkdnuag/

;/ @gtgs sgal`kotk dlstl Xkr`csg L< Xkr`csg L2 Xkr`csg L @gtgncnaktls dlstl


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>8

Furlotk 2 lgs fksfk al gbtkonco fk oukstrg pkr`csg rkspktlrk`gs al tlsl fk langdga plrl ngofuntgrks ogvkaks=Lcrk= 8!


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><

IRKN[KONCL FK AL^ CO^XKNNCGOK^=

Ka ^keurg Gbaceltgrcg=$ka skeurg bscng#=

Ncrnualr sco skeurg supgok slonco! co`gvcaczlnco y fkpsctg/Gbaceltgrcg plrl ags lutg`vcaks! rk`gaquks y ncnag`gtgrks/Ka skeurg nubrk flgs ngrpgrlaks y `ltkrclaks =

-Agsngrpgrlaks ags nubrk VGFG^ `kogs la ngofuntgr nuaplbak fka lnncfkotk/-Ags`ltkrclaks ags nubrk tgfgs `kogs=

g Ka vkdnuag nuaplbak/

g Ags fka ngofuntgr! tg`lfgr fka skeurg! tctualr fka vkdnuag g il`caclrks/

Vl`pgng nubrk sc ka vkdnuag dl scfg rgblfg/

VLBAL=

[o kmk`pag ksnrctg=

^c yg ngo `c vkdnuag tkoeg uo lnncfkotk ngotrl laeucko quk ko uo nrunk ogs slak pgr al fkrkndl y og dlysklaks pgr ag tlotg a tckok prcgrcflf sgbrk y yg sgy ka nuaplbak! puks c skeurg nubrk ags flgs `ltkrclaks ypkrsgolaks fk ka vkdnuag OG nuaplbak y ags plslmkrgs fk `c vkdnuag tl`bco `kogs l ` y l `c ngndk pgr skr agsnuaplbaks! yg tkofrl quk plelr al rkplrlnco fk `c ngndk y sc oknksctg laeg ko elstgs `fcngs tl`bco! `csplslmkrgs ksto nubckrtgs pgr `c skeurg y ka gtrg ngofuntgr y su vkdnuag tl`bco/

Rkspgoslbcacflfks=

[o Ngofuntgr ks rkspgoslbak fk als coirlnncgoks pgr conu`pacr als ogr`ls fk tricng/

[o Vctualr ks rkspgoslbak fk als coirlnncgoks pgr conu`pacr ka `lotkoc`ckotg fka vkdnuag $CVY! skeurg#/Al slonco pgr og utcaczlr kancoturo ks plrl ka quk og ag aakvl/Als sloncgoks pgr og utcaczlr kanlsng sgo plrl ka ngofuntgr /


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>2

Vk`l


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>>

Frgels=

Kxcstkoprukbls fk fktknnco fk frgels y kstl`gs gbacelfgs l sg`ktkrogs sc ag sgacnctlo ags lekotks/

@kfcnl`kotgs=

/ Agskoikr`gs nrocngs fkbko ngognkr bcko ags sotg`ls fk su koikr`kflf! su `kfcnlnco y fkbko slbkrrkngognkr ags sotg`ls fk uol nrcscs/6/ Agskfcnl`kotgs plrl ercpks sck`prk prgfunko sgògakoncl/

LAKRECLûs `kfcnl`kotgs sgo ags Lotcdcstlòcngs! y ags fk tkrnkrl ekokrlnco $`s `gfkrogs# og sukako prgfuncrsgògakoncl! slavg quk sk `kznako ngo langdga u gtrgs `kfcnl`kotgs/^k lngoskml ngofuncr ngo als vkotlols nkrrlfls y ka lcrk lngofcncgolfg sulvk/

K^VR^Blmg kstrs og sk fkbk ngofuncr/ Lu`kotl al lerkscvcflf! al iltcel y als fcstrlnncgoks/

FKXRK^CGO û trltl`ckotg ks ùy pkacergsg l al dgrl fk ngofuncr/ Lu`kotl al Coskeurcflf! iltcel! sgògakoncl! okrvcgscs`g!losckflf/

LANGDGA=


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>6

Xrukbl fk langdgak`cl=

Als pkrsgols gbacelfls l dlnkr al prukbl fk langdga sgo=


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>;

Vk`l


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>9

Ncrnualnco Ognturol=Xrkofl rkiakntlotk dg`gagelfl vcscbak fksfk


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>5

Erupgs vuaokrlbaks l ags lnncfkotks=

MGYKOK^

vknks al pgscbcacflf fk akscgoks ko al nlbkzl/

@GVG^ S NCNAG@GVGRK^


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>4

Vk`l


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>3

Fkbk`gs `crlr pgr ags kspkmgs ngo irknukoncl pkrg ngo brkvkflf= Nlfl ;-


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Vk`l Lfdkrkoncl! oku`l tcngs y irkogs Lfdkrkoncl=

Ks ka lelrrk fka oku`tcng ngo ka lsilatg/Al lfdkrkoncl ks `kmgr $`ls lelrrk# ko= ^ukag ruegsg! fk lsilatg! skng

Oku`tcngs=

Xlrtks fk uo oku`tcng=

ac`ctlncgoks sgo= Ncrnualr ng`g `xc`g l 48j`'d Furlnco fk 288j` lprgxc`lfl`kotk/ Kstl rukfl og scrvk plrl vclmlr! sc pgr laeg ogs vk`gs gbacelfgs l utcaczlral ks plrl cr la tlaakr `ls prxc`g l quk

ogs rkplrko al rukfl grcecola fka vkdnuag/

^c ka oku`tcng tckok `kogs lcrk fka quk rkng`ckofl ka ilbrcnlotk sk fkselstlrl `s pgr agsalfgs ! fcs`couyk al lfdkrkoncl y ngosu`k `ls/


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^c aakvlls lcrk sk fkselstl `ls pgr ka nkotrg y pukfk pkrmufcnlr l al suspkosco pgr qukkstl `ls furg/

Kstk skrcl ngo alprksco ngrrkntl ko uo oku`tcng/

Ko nlsg fk rukfls fkskqucacbrlfls $pgr egapks g blndks#! lnufcrk`gs la tlaakr/Ko nlsg fk pcondlzg! luoquk nl`bck`gs al rukfl! fkbk`gs lnufcr la tlaakr `s prxc`g/Ko nlsg fk rkvkoto fka oku`tcng fkbk`gs sumktlr ka vgalotk ngo iukrzl! sgatlr pgng l pgng ka lnkakrlfgr y uslr ka

irkog/Irkogs=

Al ilatl fk `lotkoc`ckotg fk ags irkogs ks al prconcpla nlusl pgr al quk ags turcs`gs og plslo al CVY/

^C^VK@L^ FK IRKOG

/ Irkog fk sgngrrg= ks lutg`tcng! sgag lntl sc sk rg`pk ka irkog ogr`la $fk skrvcncg#/

VCXG^ FK IRKOG


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^c lapcslr ka pkfla fk irkog ! ag ogtl`gs sulvk y kspgomgsg! ks quk dly lcrk ko als nlolaczlncgoks fka aqucfg fkirkogs /^c lapcslr ka pkfla! irkol ! pkrg nlsc la igofg ! sceocicnl quk kaocvka fka aqucfg ks blmg/

Kaskrvgirkog dlnk quk ka irkog kstk `ls sulvk/KaLB^dlnk quk og sk bagqukko als rukfls! pgfk`gs irkolr la `xc`g furlotk tgfl al irkolfl y sc ogtl`gs uolsvcbrlncgoks ko ka pkfla kstls cofcnlo quk kaLB^kstl iuoncgolofg $ng`g ng`pak`kotg laeuogs `gfkags aakvlo kascstk`l BL^Lscstkoncl l al irkolfl#/

[VCAC]LNCGO FKA IRKOG

Al irkolfl ogr`la fkbk skr sulvk/^c irkol`gs brusnl`kotk als rukfls sk bagquklo y ka ngndk fkrrlpl! pgr ksg sck`prk dly quk kvctlr ka bagqukg fkrukfls^c al irkolfl ks fk k`krekoncl fkbk`gs irkolr iukrtk y l igofg pkrg sco quk sk bagqukko als rukfls/

KA FKRRLXK

Fkrrlpk ko kmk fkalotkrg= sk ngrrcek ecrlofg ka vgalotk dlncl ka alfg ngotrlrcg fka fkrrlpk/Fkrrlpk ko kmk trlskrg= sk ngrrcek ecrlofg ka vgalotk dlncl ka `cs`g alfg fka fkrrlpk/


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6>

Vk`l


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66

Fkbk cr bcko lonalfg! nkcfg! pgr al nalvnual y pgr fkblmg fka lbfg`ko $sgbrk al pkavcs#/Fkspus fk uo lnncfkotk dly quk rkvcslrag y nl`bclrag/Ngagnrskag bcko! og uslr rgpl vgau`cogsl! og uslr pcozls! tglaals! ngmcoks! iuofls pgr kaKIKNVG ^[B@LRCOGquklotk uo lnncfkotk g iukrtk irkolfl ka nukrpg sk ogs pukfk fksaczlr pgr fkblmg fka ncoturo/

LCRBLE=

Ng`pak`kotl la ncoturo! pkrg ouonl ag sustctuyk ! sk fkbk rkvcslr nulofg cofcquk ka ilbrcnlotk/ Ko uo lnncfkotk scoutcaczlr ka ncoturo ka lcrble pgfrl skr `s pkacergsg quk og uslrag/Fkbg ngagnlr`k l 2;n`! Ouonl l `kogs fk y


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Kxpacnlnco vcsula=

Ngofunnco kngo`cnl=

^u `csco ks al fk ldgrrlr ng`bustcbak! rkfuncr al ngotl`colnco! lu`kotlofg al skeurcflf y ka ngoigrt $ka ngosu`glu`kotl `ls quk al vkagncflf! og vl ko prgpgrnco#/

@kfcfls fk ldgrrg= plrlr ka `gtgr ko fktkoncgoks prgagoelfls! og flr lnkakrgoks! aakvlr l puotg ka vkdnuag konulotg l rkvcscgoks! slatlr `lrndls! uslr ka irkog `gtgr! cocnclr al `lrndl koskeucfl $ko `gtgrks fckska kspkrlr uogsskeuofgs#! nl`bclr l 2 vkagncflf ag lotks pgscbak sgbrk 2s'9`/

Ags nl`bcgs fk `lrndl ko uo vkdnuag Elsgacol sk fkbko rklaczlr kotrk 2/888 y 2/;88 rp`/Ags nl`bcgs fk `lrndl ko uo vkdnuag Fckska sk fkbko rklaczlr kotrk


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69

Vk`l


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65

2/ Ylagrlr al rkspcrlnco=l# vl lrkl b# bgnl! rkspcrlnco n# ncrnualnco y dk`grrlecls/ l# Xlrl lbrcr al vl lrkl al `locgbrl irkotk `koto/b#Ng`prgblr sc rkspcrl nlfl 8 ng`prkscgoks y 2 vkotcalncgoks dlstl quk aakeuk al lyuflkspknclaczlfl/

DKRCFG^

Og `gvkr la dkrcfg slavg quk skl oknkslrcg/

^DGNJ=Xuasg rpcfg! fbca! placfkz! pgscbak dk`grrlecl cotkrol/ ^k ngagnl bgnl lrrcbl ngo ags pcks ko latg/

CONGO^NCKOVK=Xgscbak lsicxcl pgr nlfl fk al akoeul dlncl ltrs! v`ctgs g egapk ko ka pkndg/ ^k ak ngagnl kopgscnco fk fkikosl/

NGO^NCKOVK^ S RK^XCRLO NGO FCICN[AVLF=^c tckok ilatl fk `gvc`ckotg rkspcrltgrcg ks pgscbak quk skl uo flgnkrkbrla ùy erlvk/ ^k ak ngagnl sk`cskotlfg/

Dkrcfls=Og tgnlrals! og quctlr ags nukrpgs kxtrlgs! als akvks fkstlplrals y alvlr ngo leul/Als `ls irknukotks= nrlokgkonkiacnls! `ck`brgs coikrcgrks! supkrcgrks y ngauòl/Als `ls erlvks= nrlokgkonkiacnls! ngauòl! `ck`brgs coikrcgrks y supkrcgrks/

\uk`lfurls= Og pcondlr l`pgaals! og lpacnlr pg`lfls! og quctlr al rgpl pkelfl l al pcka! og flr fk bkbkr leul

$kxnkptg quk ka dkrcfg kstk ngosnckotk y og vg`ctk#! sck`prk du`kfknkrals ngo lpsctgs ac`pcgs/Dk`grrlecls= plrl ngotkokr al dk`grrlecl=

/ [atc`g rknursg Vgrocquktk/

^c al dk`grrlecl sloerl pgr ka gfg! ko kstk nlsg ouonl tlpgolrk`gs ka gfg! ag quk dly quk dlnkr ks nubrcrag ypgokr la dkrcfg ko pgscnco fk fkikosl dlncl ka alfg fka gfg quk sloerl/^c al dk`grrlecl sloerl pgr al olrcz tl`bco! ko kstk nlsg ouonl tlpgolr al olrcz y dly quk pgokr al nlbkzl fka

dkrcfg dlncl fkalotk/^c sk sloerl pgr al bgnl y kstl congosnckotk ak ngagnlrk`gs ko pgscnco fk fkikosl/

Als dk`grrlecls `s ogr`la`kotk sgo l pgscbak egapk ko ka pkndg! puaò g lplrltg fcekstcvg/

Irlnturls= Nkrrlfls g lbckrtls $als `ls pkacergsls#/^k ogtl pgr quk ko ka `ck`brg irlnturlfg sk vk uol fkigr`lnco y sgo ùy fgagrgsls! sc al irlnturl ks ko alngauòl og `gvkr la dkrcfg/

VRLÂLFG

Ko l`bualoncl! sc sk rktrlsl ag aakvlrk`gs ko uol iuregoktl! nl`co g sc`calr! al ngofunnco sulvk y `gfkrlfl/


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Vk`l


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@LOVKOC@CKOVG

/ D[@G^=l# balong= ks ogr`la/b# lzualfg= sk kstl quk`lofg lnkctk/n# okerg= `lal pukstl l puotg fka `gtgr! icatrg fka lcrk suncg! kxnksg fk ng`bustcbak ko al `kznal/

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