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5/27/2018 Refuerzo_Curso12_13

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Reinforcementand Extension

Worksheets

Science,Geography and History


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ContentsPage

Reinforcement Worksheets

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

Animals and plants ..................................

Food........................................................

Breathing.................................................

Men and women.....................................

Life cycles...............................................

The universe...........................................

Minerals .................................................

Ecosystems..............................................

Light .......................................................

Materials..................................................

Where do we live? ...................................Oceans and continents ...........................

Government and society..........................

The Romans............................................

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

Extension Worksheets

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

89

10

11

12

13

14

Animals and plants ..................................

Food........................................................

Breathing.................................................

Men and women.....................................

Life cycles...............................................

The universe...........................................

Minerals .................................................

Ecosystems..............................................Light .......................................................

Materials..................................................

Where do we live? ...................................Oceans and continents ...........................

Government and society..........................

The Romans............................................

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

3940

41

42

43

44

45

Answer Key ................................................... 46


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1 Animals and plants REINFORCEMENTName Date

1. Answer these questions.

a.Whendoanimalsin hotplaceslookforfood?

b.Howareanimalsin coldplacesprotectedfromthecold?

2. Match the columns.

a. All plants need fix it to the soil.

b. Plants absorb water through their roots.

c. The roots of the plant water and sunlight.

d. Plants make a warm temperature.

e. Most plants need their own food.

3. Where do these plants live? Decide and write.

a b c d

4 ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S. L.

water lilies cactus ferns moss


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REINFORCEMENT

4. Complete the paragraph about dinosaurs.

Dinosaursdisappearedmillionsofyearsago.Theywerelike

(crocodiles and lizards). Their skin was covered with . They were

born from .

5. Use these words to label the dinosaurs.

a.

It was a .

It was metres long.

b.

It was a .

It was metres long.

c.

It was a .

It was metres long.

5ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S. L.

Diplodocus Triceratops Tyrannosaurus

carnivore herbivore herbivore

9 27 12


5/55

2 Food REINFORCEMENTName Date

1. Find 14 words in the wordsearch and complete the two tables.

The origins of food

Name two other substances we need which do not come from plants or animals:

Food groups


Group 1 Milk,

Group 2

Group 3

Group 4

Food which comes from animals Food which comes from plants

M E A T B F R U I T

I G Q V R I C E A S

L G C H E E S E P U

K S W P A S T A P G

F I S H D Q Z P L A

Y O G H U R T V E R

Z Q O R A N G E S X

V E G E T A B L E S


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REINFORCEMENT2.Whydoweneedfoodfromallfourgroups?

3. Match the two columns.

a. Our stomach

b. The large intestine

c. Food enters our body

d. At the end of the large intestinee. Our oesophagus

f. Our intestine

g. The small intestine

1. through our mouth.

2. is a long tube.

3. is about seven metres long.

4. is like a bag.

5. is about a metre and a half.

6. is the anus.

7. is between our mouth and our stomach.

4. Complete the sentences and describe some of the stages of digestion.

a. Digestion begins in the .a

Our chew the food.

Our mixes the food with

.

b. In the , the food isb

mixed with .

c.In thec

the food is divided. The useful parts go into

.

What happensto thepartsofourfood which we cannotuse?



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3 Breathing REINFORCEMENTName Date

1. Label the illustration. Then complete the sentences.Air enters our body through

the andmouth.

It goes down through the

and the

and into the .

What happenswhenwe inhale?

And whenwe exhale?

2. Tick () the true sentences. Correct the false sentences.

a. The journey of our blood around our body is called respiration.

b. Blood carries substances from digestion to different parts of our body.

c. Blood also carries oxygen and collects waste products.

d. The heart is below the two lungs.

e. Blood circulates around our body inside bronchial tubes.

f. Arteries carry the blood from the heart to the rest of our body.

g. Arteries also carry the blood from our body back to the heart.

h. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that connect veins and arteries.



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REINFORCEMENT3. Add the kidneys to this illustration. Label it.

4. Answer these questions.

a.Whatisexcretion?

b.Whatorgansmakeup theexcretorysystem?

c.Whatdothekidneysdo?

d.Whereisurinestored?

5. Cross out the odd word.

a. nose nostrils capillaries lungs

b. trachea blood inhale oxygen

c. heart veins arteries exhale

d. blood vessels kidney urine bladder



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4 Men and women REINFORCEMENTName Date

1. Use the words to label the illustrations.

Male reproductive system

Female reproductive system

2. Answer the questions.

a.Whatdomensbodiesmake?

b.Whatdowomensbodiesmake?

c.Whendoesfertilisationoccur?

d.Wheredoesafoetusgrow?

e.Whatispregnancy?

f. Howlongdoespregnancylast?

g.Whendoesbirth occur?


ovaries vulva prostate penis uterus testicles vagina


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REINFORCEMENT

3. Complete the sentences.

a.Atthebeginning,foetusesare

b.Atthreemonths,foetusesmeasure

c.Atninemonths,babiesmeasure

4. Use these words to label the photographs.

a b

Manybabies Theylearnto

at about six months old. when they are a few months old.

c d

Manybabieslearnto Somecan

when they are about 14 months old. when they are two years old.

5. Complete the table with the names of your family and friends.


Childhood

Youth

Maturity

Old age

walk get teeth speak crawl


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5 Life cycles REINFORCEMENTName Date

1. Circle the correct words.

a. The adult stage is the longest/ the shortest life stage for vertebrates.

b. Mammals are oviparous/ viviparous animals.

c. Birds are oviparous/ viviparous animals.

d. Herbivores eat plants an animals/ plants.

e. Omnivores eat plants an animals/ plants.

f. Carnivores eat other animals/ plants.

What is the difference between viviparous animals and oviparous animals


a. Many animals, like horses, breathe through their gills.

b. Other animals, like insects, come to the surface for air.

c. Most aquatic animals, like fish, breathe through their lungs.

d. Some aquatic animals, like dolphins, breathe through a tracheal system.

Draw the gills on the fish.

Draw the lungs on the horse.



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REINFORCEMENT


a.Whatisgermination?

b.Whatarethethreestepsofgermination?

First,

Then,

Finally,

c.Whattubersdoyoueat?

d.Whatrootsdoyoueat?

4. Use the words to complete the text. Then label the illustration.

Plants make their own food. ,

the roots absorb and

from the soil.

This mixture is .

, the raw sap travels up the stem to

the . Plants also

need and carbon dioxide

to make their food. In the leaves, the raw sap is

transformed into .

, the elaborated sap travels from

the leaves to the other parts of the plant where it

is used or .


first sunlight stored next raw sap water

mineral salts finally elaborated sap leaves


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6 The universe REINFORCEMENTName Date

1. Find the names of the planets in the wordsearch. Then answer the questions.

a. What is the order of the planets. (Begin with the one closest to the Sun.)

b.Whichoneisnolongerconsideredtobeaplanet?

c.Whicharethefoursmall,rockyplanets?

d.Whicharethefourbiggestplanets?

2. Tick () the correct columns.

Astronomical bodies

planets


Luminousastronomical

bodies

Give offlight

Non-luminousastronomical

bodies

Reflectlight from

the Sun

Orbitthe Sun

Orbit

stars

planets

satellites

comets

U Q J U P I T E R

R V L S P V Q X V

A W X A L E M W T

N E P T U N E Z S

U A X U T U R L T

S R K R O S C V U

U T X N Q V U Q Z

L H Q K M A R S Q

Q X S T N F Y K L


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REINFORCEMENT

3. Use the words to complete the sentences.

night summer 365 days orbits seasons axis rotate day winter

a. The Earth rotates on its .

b. The Earth takes 24 hours to completely.

c. On the part of the Earth facing the Sun, it is .

d. On the part of the Earth facing away from the Sun, it is .

e. The Earth the Sun.

f. The Earth takes to complete its orbit.

g. The Earths movement around the Sun causes the .

h. It is on the part of the Earth which receives more sunlight.

i. It is on the part of the Earth which receives less sunlight.

4. Draw four trees to illustrate the seasons. Label your drawings.

In the northern hemisphere, which are the winter months?

In the southern hemisphere, which are the summer months?



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7 Minerals REINFORCEMENTName Date


a. Minerals are not natural materials but they can be part of rocks.

b. All minerals are regular.

c. Each mineral has a typical colour or colours.

d. Some minerals are shiny and others are dull.

e. Minerals are materials made up of rocks.

f. We obtain rocks from mines and quarries.

2. Identify each material and describe it.

a b



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REINFORCEMENT


a.Wherecanmineralsbefound?

b.Whatfourcharacteristicsareusedtodescribeminerals?

c.Howaremineralsuseful?

d.Howarerocksuseful?


a. The ground is made up of little water, air and humus.

b. Humus is rocks, sand, soil, air, water and humus.

c. Fertile ground has main layers of soil.

d. Poor ground has any further it becomes underground water.

e. Very poor ground is creates an oasis.

f. There are three a lot of water, air and humus.

g. When water cannot filter the remains of living things.

h. In deserts, underground water mainly made up of rocks.

5. Draw and label the three main layers of soil.



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8 Ecosystems REINFORCEMENTName Date


a.Anecosystemis

b.In anecosystem,therearelivingthingssuchas

c.Therearealsonon-livingthingssuchas

d.Threeexamplesofecosystemsare

2. Identify these two ecosystems and complete the sentences.

a b

a. This is a . Many animals can live here, for example,

.

b. This is a . Many animals can live here, for example,

.

3. Describe a food chain and give an example.

Afoodchainbegins

Example:



18/55

REINFORCEMENT


a. tree savannah pond forest

b. trees bushes grasses oasis

c. spiders worms rabbits beetles

d. mice bushes rabbits owls

5. Give examples to complete the table.

Habitats

6. Circle the correct option.

a. Seaweed is the most common/ least common plant in the sea.

b. Fish are the biggest group of invertebrates/ vertebrates.

c. Seahorses eat seaweed/jelly fish.

d. There are four / three main zones in the sea.

e. Whales are carnivorous/ omnivorous animals.

7. Draw and label animals and plants to complete the illustration.


Forest Sea

trees birds the coast

bushes the high sea

grass the deep sea

under the ground


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9 Light REINFORCEMENTName Date


a. Light moves in a curved/ straight line.

b. Light moves very slowly/ very fast.

c. When light cannot travel through an object, a shadow/ prism is formed.

d. The shadow of an object is always formed on the opposite/ same side to thesource of light.

Howdoeslightmove?

2. Colour the rainbow, putting the colours in the correct order.

a.Howmanycoloursmakeup whitelight?

b.Whataretheprimarycolours?

c.Howdowegetorange?

d.Howdowegetpurple?

e.Howdowegetgreen?

3. Match and add an example.

Example

a. Transparent objects 1. do not allow light to pass through.

b. Translucent objectsc. Opaque objects

2. allow light to pass through.

3. allow some light to pass through.



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REINFORCEMENT


a. Luminous bodies are .

b. , like stars, produce light.

c. , like candles, are man-made.

d. produce no light.

e. Two non-luminous objects which reflect light are .

5. Complete the text.

WhenI touchahotobject,theheatpassesfromthehotobjectto

. When I touch a cold object, the heat passes from my hand to

. In otherwords,heat

. Heat flows from an object with a higher temperature to an object

with a lower temperature.

6. Label these objects conductors or insulators.

a cb

ed f



21/55

10 Materials REINFORCEMENTName Date

1. Find the names of 10 materials in the wordsearch and classify them.

2. Match the columns. Then match the photographs.

cProperty

a. elastic

Materials

1. paper

ba

b. flexible 2. rubber

c. fragile 3. concrete

d ed. strong 4. glass

e. transparen 5. pottery


Natural materials Artificial materials

Vegetableorigin:

Animal origin:

Mineral origin:

Q A L U M I N I U M

P T X V W P L Q W S

L W O O D Q X P T T

A C J L X G L A S S

S O N P M X X P I W

T T L E A T H E R M

I T Z F R Q L R O V

C O Q T B F T L N WW N S I L K T P Q X


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REINFORCEMENT

3. Complete the sentences. Then label the photos.

a. If we pull the rope of a pulley, the object at the other end .

b. If we push down one end of a lever, the object at the other end .

c. We can slide objects a ramp.

4. Name six complex machines which you use every day.

Which machinehelpsyou themost?

Which isyour favourite?

5. Write a description of a machine and describe its functions.



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11 Where do we live? REINFORCEMENTName Date


a. A settlemen is a settlement and the land around it.

b. A municipality is a village, town or city.

c. A region is bigger than a region.

d. A province is made up of several municipalities.


a.HowmanyAutonomousCommunitiesaretherein Spain?

b.HowmanyAutonomousCitiesarethere?

c.IsSpainoneofthelargestcountriesin Europe?

d.WhichEuropeancountriessharefrontierswithSpain?

e.WhereisSpainin relationtoAfrica?

3. Look at the map and write about Spain.


FR A NCE

ANDORRA

S P A I N

TheBalearic Islands

Ceuta

The Canary IslandsMelilla

MOROCCO ALGERIA


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REINFORCEMENT

4. Label the Autonomous Communities.

Locate and add the cities of Mlaga, Seville, Madrid, Zaragoza, Barcelona, Bilbaoand Valencia on the map.

Colour your Autonomous Community red.

Add the capital of your Autonomous Community.


Andalusia Extremadura The Community of Navarra

Aragon Galicia The Community of Valencia

Cantabria The Basque Country The Principality of AsturiasCastile and Leon The Balearic Islands The Region of Murcia

Castile-La Mancha The Canary Islands The Rioja

Catalonia The Community of Madrid


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12 Oceans and continents REINFORCEMENTDateName

1. Look at the map and answer the questions.

a. How many continents are there? .

b.Namethem:

c. Which is the biggest continent? .

d. Which is the smallest continent? .

e. Which is the longest continent? .

f. How many oceans are there? .

g. Name them: .

h. Which oceans are frozen? .

i. Which continent is frozen? .



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REINFORCEMENT

2. Label these European countries on the map.

Which of these countries do not belong to the European Union?

3. Complete the sentences.a. Europe is connected to .

b. Between the Spanish coast and Africa, there are .

c. The landscape of most of Europe is made up of .

d. The population of Europe is .

e. The largest European country is .


i

A T L A N T I C

O C E A N

e

ASI A

AFR ICA

Bulgaria Greece Norway Sweden

Finland Iceland Poland The Russian Federation

France Ireland Portugal Ukraine

Germany Italy Spain United Kingdom


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13 Government and society REINFORCEMENTDateName

1. Use the words to complete the table.


a. Do you watch television?.

How many hours per week? .b. Do you use the Internet? .

How many hours per week? .

c. Which do you prefer television or the Internet? .

Why? .


Municipal Government Autonomous Government Spanish State

Head of State/ King Houses of Parliament Mayor Councillors

President and councillors Assembly President and Ministers


28/55

REINFORCEMENT3. Find the names of 7 kinds of jobs in the service sector in the wordsearch.

Copy the words from the wordsearch and give examples.

4. Look at the photograph. What people work in a place like this


Kind of job Examples

E D U C A T I O N H

Q E F O P R G F D E

H F P M Z A P F T AG E D M F N Q I L L

P N G E N S J C Q T

Z C J R T P Y E G H

W E H C Q O Z W F C

L H Q E L R K O Q A

Q X Z K Q T X R N R

T O U R I S M K T E


29/55

14 The Romans REINFORCEMENTName Date


a. A small part of Europe was part of the Roman Empire.

b. Rome was the capital of this empire.

c. The Roman army was very big.

d. There were public baths, temples and warehouses in Roman cities.

e. Roman roads were very poor.

f. Aqueducts carried water to the mountains.

g. In the countryside, farms produced oil, wheat and wine.

h. The language of the Roman Empire was Egyptian.

2. Find these parts of the castle and write the words in the right place.


battlements

bridge

courtyard

tower

water


30/55

REINFORCEMENT

3. Circle the correct alternative.

a. After the end of the Greek Empire/ Roman Empire there were wars in Spain.

b. Muslims from North Africa/ northern Europe entered Spain.

c. These Muslims lived in cities surrounded by walls/ castles.

d. The Muslims/ The Christians lived in the north of Spain.

e. Little by little, the Muslims/ the Christians conquered all Spain.

f. They built cathedrals/ monasteries in the cities and cathedrals/ monasteriesin the countryside.


a.WhenwasAmericadiscovered?

b.Whatnewplantsdid Europeansfind in America?

c.Whatvaluablemineralsdid theyfind?

d.Wheredid Europeankingsandaristocratslive?

e.Atthattime,whatwaslifelikein theEuropeancountryside?

5. Name four great inventions from the nineteenth or twentieth centuries.

Draw two of these inventions.



31/55

EXTENSION1 Animals and plants

Name Date


a. All scientists believe a meteorite hit the Earth and killed off the dinosaurs.

b. There is a very big crater in Mexico.

c. The meteorite did not affect the Earth very much.

d. The dust caused by the meteorite blocked out the Sun.

e. Some scientists believe climate change affected the dinosaurs.

2. Match the two halves of each sentence.

a. A meteorite

b. Fires

c. Tsunamis

d. The meteoritee. Dust

1. blocked out light and heat from the Sun.

2. crashed into the Earth in Mexico.

3. caused an impact winter.

4. started all over the world.

5. occurred in seas and oceans


What happened to the dinosaurs? Dinosaurs lived on the Earth for about 100

million years. Nobody really knows why they became extinct, but some scientists

investigating a crater in the Yucutn Peninsula in Mexico believe that a meteorite 10 kms

wide crashed into the Earth, making conditions impossible for the dinosaurs to survive.

The meteorite caused forest fires all over the

world, tsunamis several kilometres high, and

what scientists call an impact winter. This

means that the effect of the meteorites impact

created such a lot of dust that it blocked out the

Sun for several months, or maybe even years.

However, other scientists believe that the

dinosaurs were already being affected by climate

change and the effect of the meteorite was not

so significant.


32/55

2 Food

Name

EXTENSION

Date


a.Whyisfibregoodforus?

b.Whereisfibrefound?

c.Whatistherein theouterlayerofagrainofcereal?

d.Whenisthisouterlayerremoved?

e.Whyarefoodlabelsimportant?

2. Circle the foods which have more fibre in them.

white bread

lentils

wholegrain bread

hamburgers

brown rice

apples

almonds

peanuts

sweets

cakes

fish

milk

beans

oranges

pears

peas

yoghurt

brown macaroni

white rice

white spaghetti


The importance of fibre in our diet Fibre is needed to help the digestive process,

and it also helps prevent heart disease and cancer. Fibre is found naturally in food such

as fruit and vegetables, nuts, seeds and pulses. Cereals also contain fibre, but very oftenmuch of it is removed in the refining process.

This is what happens, for example, in the case

of breakfast cereals: the outer layer of the cereal

grain, which contains many vitamins and

minerals, is removed and consequently the

product loses some of its nutritional value.

Wholegrain bread and pasta and brown rice

contain much more fibre than white bread orpasta or rice. Nowadays, food labels give us

important information about the salt, sugar, fat

and fibre content in the processed food we

buy.


33/55

3 Breathing

Name

EXTENSION

Date


a. Blood carries oxygen/ nitrogen to various parts of the body.

b. Karl Landsteiner received the Nobel Prize for his discovery/ invention.

c. Human beings have similar/ different blood types.

d. There are four / three basic blood groups.

e. Blood groups must be compatible/ the same between the patients blood and

the donors blood.

2. Match the parts of the body with their function.

a. Blood clean the blood.

b. Heart stores urine.

c. Arterie carries oxygen.

d. Kidney pumps blood.

e. Bladder carry blood from the heart.


Blood groups Blood has many functions; one of them is to transport oxygen to the

various parts of the body. Every adult has approximately 4 to 6 litres of blood. If a person

loses a lot of blood in an accident or during a surgical operation, they may need a bloodtransfusion.

It was not until 1901 that the Nobel Prize winner Karl Landsteiner

made the very important discovery: human beings have different

blood types. There are four basic blood groups: Group A, Group B,

Group AB and Group O. If a patient needs a blood transfusion, they

must receive blood from a donor who has a compatible blood group.

If not, the patient has a toxic reaction and may die.


34/55

4 Men and women

Name

EXTENSION

Date

1. Tick () the true sentences.

a. People live longer now than before.

b. Alzheimers disease affects young people.

c. Alzheimers disease affects the body, not the brain.

d. Old people with Alzheimers disease forget how to do basic things.

e. There is no cure for Alzheimers disease.


a. During pregnancy, the mother/ baby gets food and oxygen through

the umbilical chord.

b. Babies learn how to walk/ talk when they are about two years old.

c. Human beings reach maturity when they are about 20 / 50 years old.

d. In childhood/ old age people have a lot of experience.

e. During our youth we continue growing/ crawling.


Alzheimers disease In the 21st century

people are living longer than ever before. This is

because of better medical attention and the factthat people now know how important it is to eat a

healthy diet and do regular exercise if they want to

live to an old age. However, as a result of living

longer, more old people are being affected by

Alzheimers disease. Alzheimers affects the brain,

not the body. The symptoms of this illness are that

old people begin to have difficulty communicating,

learning, thinking and understanding. As the

disease gets worse, they not only forget words or

places, but they also do not recognise where they

are or who is with them. Eventually, they forget how

to do basic things like eating or walking. At the

moment there is no cure for Alzheimers disease.


35/55

5 Life cycles

Name

EXTENSION

Date


a. At first, a silkworm is about 1 cm long.

b. Silkworms only eat mulberry .

c. It takes the silkworm three to make its cocoon.

d. After three the adult moth emerges from the cocoon.

e. Silkworms are kept on farms to produce .


a. Silkworms are herbivores because 1. they do not have a backbone.

b. Silkworms are oviparous because 2. they eat mulberry leaves.

c. Silkworms are invertebrates because 3. they come from eggs.


Silkworms The adult female silkworm moth lays eggs. From each of these eggs

comes a silkworm larva which at first is approximately 1 cm long. Silkworms only eat

mulberry leaves, and they grow very quickly. After about 26 days, the next stage of thesilkworms life cycle begins.

The silkworm starts to produce a fine silk thread,

which it uses to make a cocoon around itself. This

process takes about three days. Once the cocoon is

complete, the larva stays inside the cocoon. It

emerges three weeks later as a moth. Adult moths

reproduce, and the female lays more eggs, beginning

the life cycle again.

Silk production is important in many parts

of the world. The farmers who produce silk

kill the cocoons and use the silk thread

which the silkworm produced. Some

estimates say the length of the silk of one

cocoon can be over a kilometre long.


36/55

6 The universe

Name

EXTENSION

Date

1. Read the definitions. What are they describing?

a.Thesecondmonthoftheyear:

b.Thedayyou areborn:

c.Ayearwith366days:

2. Use the words to complete the sentences.

a. In the , the days begin to get and

the weather gets warmer. grow, and it often rains.

b. In the , the days are long and hot, because the

receives more light and heat from the Sun.

c. In the , the days get shorter and the leaves go

and fall from the . It can be

windy, wet and cold.

d. In the , it is cold and the days are shorter because

the Earth receives less sunlight and . In some

areas it .


autumn

longer

heat

spring

Earth

trees

summer

flowers

winter

snows

brown

Leap year The Earth is a planet in the Solar System. It orbits the Sun. The Earth

rotates on its axis, and takes 24 hours to rotate completely. It takes approximately 365

days and 6 hours for the Earth to complete its orbit around the Sun. This means thatevery four years the calendar is adjusted to include another day (6 hours x 4 = 24 hours).

So, every four years, the month of February has 29 days and the year has 366 days.

When this occurs it is called a Leap Year.

If you are born on February 29th you only have a birthday once every four years. Of

course, many people choose to celebrate their birthday either the day before (February

28th) or the day after (March 1st). In the past, one of the traditions associated with Leap

Year was that on February 29th women could ask men to marry them.


37/55

7 Minerals

Name

EXTENSION

Date


a.Whataretwoexamplesoffossilfuels?

b.Whatarefossilfuelsusedfor?

c.Whatistheproblemwiththegasestheyproduce?

d.Whatarescientiststryingtodo?

e. What kinds of energy are being generated in the photo?

2. Circle the correct answer.

a. Where are coal and petrol usually found?

Underground./ On the Earths surface.

b. What is used to extract underground water or petrol? A filter. / A well.

c. What kind of energy is produced by the Sun? Solar./ Wind.


Fossil fuels Fossil fuels are formed from the

fossilized remains of plants and animals that lived up

to 300 million years ago. For example, coal and petrolare fossil fuels. When we burn fossil fuels, they produce

energy for heat and light. They are also used in industry

and transport. When weburn fossil fuels, wecontaminate

the air with the gases they produce.

These days, scientists are trying to find other ways of

producing energy because there is only a limited

amount of coal and petrol on the Earth. Energy

generated by the Sun and the wind is now used inmany parts of the world.

These energy sources create less pollution than fossil

fuels, but they are more expensive. However, this may

change in the future.


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8 Ecosystems

Name

EXTENSION

Date


a. The lung of the worldb. Medicinal plants

c. Wood

d. The cultivation

e. The natives

1. is used to make expensive furniture.

2. provides 20% of the Earths oxygen.

3. have to find other homes.

4. are used to make medicines.

5. of crops makes money for big companies.

2. Read the definitions and write the name of the animal.

a. W : the largest mammal that lives in the sea.

b. E : a large animal that lives in Africa and has a trunk.

c. Z : an animal like a horse which has black and white stripes.

d. C : a large, dangerous animal that lives in rivers and has a big

mouth and sharp teeth.


The Amazon rainforest This ecosystem is

in danger of disappearing. It is the worlds

greatest natural resource and supports millionsof plants, animal and insect species. Often called

the lung of the world, this large area of green

trees and vegetation recycles carbon dioxide and

provides about 20% of the Earths oxygen. Many

medicinal plants that grow here are used to

make drugs to treat illnesses such as cancer.

This rainforest is very valuable, and it is in danger.

The Amazon rainforest is being cut down. Thewood from the trees is used in industry. Also, some

of the land is cleared of trees for the cultivation of

crops, which make money for many multinational

companies. The natives of this area have to leave

to find other homes. If nothing is done to stop this

destruction of the Amazon rainforest, it will affect

the climate of the entire world.


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9 Light

Name

EXTENSION

Date


a. During a total lunar eclipse, the Moon goes dark for about an hour.

b. Total lunar eclipses are more frequent than total solar eclipses.

c. Total solar eclipses occur every 70 days.

d. During a total solar eclipse, it becomes dark during the day.

e. A total solar eclipse can be seen by everybody all over the world.

2. Choose the correct alternative.

a. The Earth is an opaque/ transparent object.

b. Planets are non-luminous / luminous bodies.

c. Luminous bodies are a source of dark / light.

d. The Sun is an artificial/ natural luminous body.


Eclipses An eclipse occurs when the Moon is directly in line with the Sun and the

Earth. A total lunar eclipse happens when the full Moon passes through the shadow of

the Earth. In this case, the Sun and Moon are on opposite sides of the Earth. The Moon

goes dark for about an hour. This kind of eclipse is seen more frequently than a total

solar eclipse, which occurs less than 70 times per century. During a total solar eclipse,

the new Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth, and for a few minutes it becomes

dark during the day. The dark disk of the Moon totally obscures the bright Sun.

You must never look directly at the Sun, even

during an eclipse, because it can seriously

damage your eyes. To see the full eclipse, you

must be in a place that is in the path of theeclipse and you must wear special sunglasses

that protect your eyes.


40/55

10 Materials

Name

EXTENSION

Date


a. Egyptians used paper made from the papyrus .

b. The Chinese used paper in the 2nd .

c. Production was introduced into in the 12th century.

2. Choose one of the following words to complete the sentences.

a. Paper is a material because it can be folded.

b. Glass is a material because it is difficult to scratch.

c. Rubber is an material because it can be squashed.

d. Concrete is a material because it can carry heavy weights.

e. Pottery is a material because it can break easily.


strong hard flexible fragile elastic

Paper Paper was first used about 3,500 years ago in Egypt. This paper was made

from the papyrus plant. Paper is believed to have been used in China around the 2nd

century AD. From there it spread through Islamic countries. Production was introduced

into Europe in the 12th century. Paper is made from wood pulp, and by the 19th century

the mechanical production of paper had begun. This made communication much easier

as people were able to write letters and read newspapers and books.

In modern times, technology saves a lot of

paper because people can communicate

and read news on the Internet, and save

documents on their personal computers.

Paper is still necessary for many things such

as packaging and cleaning. Nowadays, paper

can be recycled, which means fewer trees

need to be cut down.


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11 Where do we live?

Name

EXTENSION

Date


a.Whenwasthecityfounded?

b.Whatisit famousfor?

c.Whattakesplacethereeverysummer?

d.Whatrivergoesthroughthiscity?

e.Whatisthenameofthecity?

f. Which Autonomous Community is it in?

2. Match the words and their definitions.

a. A place where you can borrow books.

b. A religious building for Christians.

c. An area of water.

d. A place where people go to look at paintings or old objects.

e. A place where people sell fruit, vegetables, fish, meat, etc.

1. Museum.2. Library.

3. Lake.

4. Church.

5. Market.


Where is it? My city is the regional capital of an

Autonomous Community. It was founded by the Romans

in 25 BC. It has more Roman monuments than any other

city in Spain. One of the most important is the

Archaeological Ensemble of the city, which is a World

Heritage Site. The Circus, the Amphitheatre and the

Roman theatre are all used for the festival of classical

theatre which takes place every summer and attracts a

lot of visitors.

There is also a famous Roman bridge over the river

Guadiana in my city. To the west of my AutonomousCommunity there is the border between Spain and

another country. If you continue travelling west, you

reach the Atlantic Ocean. Can you guess where I live?


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12 Oceans and continents

Name

EXTENSION

Date


a. The is one of the coldest places on Earth.

b. The Arctic is changing because of a rise in .

c. If the sea level , many low lying coastal areas will be affected.

d. are floating pieces of ice.

e. They can be a to ships.

2. Correct these sentences.

a.Europeisthebiggestcontinent.

b.OceaniaisconnectedtoAsia.

c.Africaisthelongestcontinent.

d.Asiaisthehottestcontinent.

e.Antarcticaisthesmallestcontinent.

f. Americaisafrozencontinent.


The Arctic The Arctic Ocean is situated at the North Pole and the Antarctic Ocean

at the South Pole. The Arctic is one of the wildest and coldest places on Earth, but it is

also one of the most fragile. Over the last 30 years, there has been a change in the Arcticbecause of a rise in the Earths temperature. If the ice in the Arctic Ocean melts, the sea

level will rise, and it will eventually affect those countries which have low lying coasts.

Large pieces of ice called icebergs are often found

floating in the Arctic regions. These icebergs have broken

off from a glacier and float in open water. Only one tenth

of an iceberg can be seen above water. Modern

technology monitors the movement of icebergs as they

can be a danger to ships. One historical accident with aniceberg occurred when the transatlantic steamship

Titanic hit an iceberg and sank on 15 April 1912.


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13 Government and society

Name

EXTENSION

Date


a.WhenwastheMagnaCartawritten?

b.WhowastheKingofEnglandatthattime?

c.Whohadorganisedtherevolt?

d.Whatdid theMagnaCartaestablish?

e.Whyisit important?


a. Town halls are run by the mayor and presidents/ councillors.

b. The Government/ Courts of Justice is made up of the President and the Ministers.

c. The institution / Constitution establishes our rights and duties.

d. The press, radio and television are all mass media/ journalists.

e. Doctors, office workers, and teachers work in commerce/ the service sector.


The Magna Carta In the 11th century, England was

invaded by the Normans from France. The King of England was

allowed unlimited power to do what he wanted, and the baronswho were in power had no authority over him. However, the

barons finally revolted against this system and demanded a

new legislation.

This was called the Magna Carta. It was written in Latin in 1215,

during the reign of King John of England. The Magna Carta was

a legal document which established the limits of the Kings

power, and at the same time, it established the peoples rights.

It is considered to be the first signed constitution. For manypeople, the Magna Carta is an important reference in the history

of democratic systems of government. Because of the Magna

Carta, England is considered to be the home of democracy.


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14 The Romans

Name

EXTENSION

Date


a. The Romans built a revolutionary system of roads.

b. They only built roads in one country.

c. The roads were not wide enough for travellers to pass each other.

d. Services were provided for travellers at regular intervals.

e. Roman roads have now disappeared.

2. Write the missing verb.

a. The language of the Roman Empire Latin.

b. In Roman times, aqueducts water to the cities.

c. Muslims from North Africa Spain.

d. Christian kings and nobles in the north.

e. Christians great cathedrals and monasteries.


carried lived was built entered

Roman roads The Romans introduced a revolutionary system of road building which

allowed them to move their armies all over their Empire. At the same time, these roads

made it easier to transport goods and to send messengers to communicate news. TheRomans built approximately 85,000 km of roads in various countries, and in many places

these roads can still be seen.

The roads were between 5 and 10 metres wide

so it was possible for carriages or columns of

soldiers to pass each other easily. Every 50 or 60

Roman miles, the distance which could be

covered in a day, the Romans built rest areas

where they had places to sleep and eat and tochange their horses if necessary.


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REINFORCEMENT

Answer key

REINFORCEMENTACTIVITIES 2. Why do we need food from all four groups?

Model answer: We need food from all four groups to grow,stay healthy and have energy.

3. Match the two columns.

a. 4; b. 5; c. 1; d. 6; e. 7; f. 2; g. 3.1. Answer the questions.

a. They look for food at night.

b. They are protected from the cold by their thick fur or fat

under their skins.

4. Complete the sentences to describe some of the stages

of digestion.

a. Digestion begins in the mouth. Our teeth chew the

food. Our tongue mixes the food with saliva.

b. In the stomach, the food is mixed with a liquid / gastric2. Match the columns.

a. All plants need water and sunlight.

b. Plants absorb water through their roots.

c. The roots of the plant fix it to the soil.

d. Plants make their own food.

e. Most plants need water and sunlight.

juice.

c. In the small intestine the food is divided. The useful

parts go into the blood. What happens to the parts of our food which we

cannot use? They go into the large intestine. They are

transformed into faeces and expelled through the anus.3. Where do these plants live? Decide and write.

Cactus; ferns; moss; water lilies.

4. Complete the paragraph about dinosaurs.

Dinosaurs disappeared millions of years ago. They were

like reptiles (crocodiles and lizards). Their skin was

covered with scales. They were born from eggs.

1. Label the illustration. Then complete the sentences.

Illustration: clockwise, from bottom left; lung, trachea,

bronchial tubes.

Air enters our body through the nose and mouth. It goes

down through the trachea and the bronchial tubes, and5. Use these words to label the dinosaurs.

a. Triceratops. It was a herbivore. It was 9 metres long.b. Diplodocus. It was a herbivore. It was 27 metres long.

c. Tyrannosaurus. It was a carnivore. It was 12 metreslong.

into the lungs.

What happens when we inhale? When we inhale, our

lungs fill with air.

And when we exhale? When we exhale, the air leavesour lungs.

2. Tick the true sentences. Correct the false sentences.

True sentences: b; c; f; h.

Corrected false sentences:

a. The journey of our blood around our body is called

circulation.

d. The heart is between the two lungs.

e. Blood circulates around our body inside blood vessels.

1. Find 14 words in the wordsearch and complete the two

tables.

Across: meat, fruit, rice, cheese, pasta, fish, yoghurt,

oranges, vegetables.

Down: milk, eggs, bread, apples, sugar.

Food which comes from animals: meat, cheese, fish,yoghurt, milk, eggs.

Food which comes from plants: fruit, rice, pasta, oranges,

vegetables, bread, apples, sugar.

Name two other substances we need which do not come

from plants or animals: water and salt.

Food groups

Group 1: cheese, yoghurt, milk.

Group 2: meat, fish, eggs.

Group 3: rice, pasta, bread, sugar.

Group 4: fruit, oranges, vegetables, apples.

g. Veins carry the blood from our body back to the heart.

3. Add the kidneys to this illustration and label them.

Illustration, clockwise, from left: renal vein, renal artery,

bladder. Students add the kidneys.


a. What is excretion? Excretion is the elimination of waste

products from the blood.

b. What organs make up the excretory system? The

excretory system is made up of the kidneys and the

bladder.


UNIT 2: FOOD

UNIT 3: BREATHING

UNIT 1: ANIMALS AND PLANTS


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REINFORCEMENT

b. Mammals are viviparous animals.

c. Birds are oviparous animals.

c. What do the kidneys do? The kidneys filter the blood

and make urine.

d. Where is urine stored? Urine is stored in the bladder. d. Herbivores eat plants.

e. Omnivores eat plants and animals.5. Cross out the odd word.

a. nose nostrils capillaries lungs

b. trachea blood inhale oxygen

c. heart veins arteries exhale

d. blood vessels kidney urine bladder

f. Carnivores eat other animals.

What is the difference between viviparous animals and

oviparous animals?Viviparous animals are born from their mothers womb.

Oviparous animals are born from eggs.


a. Many animals, like horses, breathe through their lungs.

b. Other animals, like insects, breathe through a tracheal

system.

c. Most aquatic animals, like fish, breathe through their

gills.

d. Some aquatic animals, like dolphins, come to the

surface for air.

Draw the gills on the fish. Draw the lungs on the horse.

Students draw.

1. Use the words to label the illustrations.

Illustration of male reproductive system, clockwise from

bottom left: testicles, prostate, penis.

Illustration of female reproductive system, clockwise from

bottom left: vagina, uterus, ovaries, vulva.


a. What do mens bodies make? They make sperm.

b. What do womens bodies make? They make eggs.

c. When does fertilisation occur? When a sperm from a

manjoins an egg from a woman.

d. Where does a foetus grow? It grows in the womansuterus.

e. What is pregnancy? It is the time a foetus spends in its

mothers womb/ uterus.

f. How long does pregnancy last? It lasts for about nine

months.

g. When does birth occur? When the baby is completely

formed and ready to be born. / Nine months after

conception.


a. What is germination? When a seed begins to grow.

b. What are the three steps of germination?

First, the seed absorbs water from the soil.

Then, the seed opens. A root grows down into the soil.

Finally, a small stem grows.

c. What tubers do you eat? Model answer: potatoes.

d. What roots do you eat? Model answer: carrots.

4. Use the words to complete the text. Then label theillustration.

Plants make their own food. First, the roots absorb water

and mineral salts from the soil. This mixture is raw sap.3. Complete the sentences.

a. Atthebeginning,foetusesareassmallasagrainofNext, the raw sap travels up the stem to the leaves. Plants

sand.

b. Atthreemonths,foetusesmeasureabouttenalso need sunlight and carbon dioxide to make their food.

In the leaves, the raw sap is transformed into elaboratedcentimetres.

c. At nine months, babies measure about fifty centimetres.

sap. Finally, the elaborated sap travels from the leaves tothe other parts of the plant where it is used or stored.

Illustration, from top to bottom: elaborated sap, rawsap.4. Use these words to label the photographs.

a. Many babies get teeth at about six months old.

b. They learn to crawl when they are a few months old.

c. Many babies learn to walk when they are about 14months old.

d. Some can talk when they are two years old.

1. Find the names of the planets in the wordsearch.

Across: Jupiter, Neptune, Mars

Down: Uranus, Earth, Saturn, (Pluto), Venus,Mercury

a. Whatistheorderoftheplanets?Mercury, Venus,the5. Complete the table with the names of your family and

friends.

Open answers. Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, (Pluto).

b. Which one is no longer considered to be a planet?

Pluto.

c. Which are the four small, rocky planets? Mercury,

Venus, the Earth, Mars.1. Circle the correct option.

a. The adult stage is the longest life stage for vertebrates.d. Which are the four biggest planets? Jupiter, Saturn,

Uranus, Neptune.


UNIT 5: LIFE CYCLES

UNIT 6: THE UNIVERSE

UNIT 4: MEN AND WOMEN


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REINFORCEMENT

2. Identify each material and describe it.

Model answers:

a. Pyrite is a mineral. It has a regular shape. It is grey and

shiny.

b. Granite is a rock. It is made up of three different

minerals: quartz, feldspar and mica. It is used for

building because it is hard and resistant.

2. Tick the correct columns.

Astronomical bodies

bodies


a. Where can minerals be found? They can be found on

their own or they can be part of rocks, animal bones

and shells.

b. What four characteristics are used to describe

minerals? Shape, colour, shiny/ dull, hard / soft

c. How are minerals useful? Minerals are used to build

buildings and to makejewellery.

d. How are rocks useful? Rocks are used to build

buildings and for fuel.3. Use the words to complete the sentences.

a. The Earth rotates on its axis.b. The Earth takes 24 hours to rotate completely.

c. On the part of the Earth facing the Sun, it is day.

d. On the part of the Earth facing away from the Sun,

it is night.

e. The Earth orbits the Sun.

f. The Earth takes 365 days to complete its orbit.


a. The ground is made up of rocks, sand, soil, air, water

and humus.

b. Humus is the remains of living things.

c. Fertile ground has a lot of water, air and humus.

d. Poor ground has little water, air and humus.

e. Very poor ground is mainly made up of rocks.

f. There are three main layers of soil.

g. When water cannot filter any further it becomes

underground water.

h. In deserts, underground water createsan oasis.

g. The Earths movement around the Sun causes the

seasons.

h. It is summer on the part of the Earth which receives

more sunlight.

i. It is winter on the part of the Earth which receives less

sunlight. 5. Draw and label the three main layers of soil.

Students draw and label, from top to bottom: top layer,

middle layer, bottom layer.

4. Draw four trees to illustrate the seasons. Label your

drawings.

Students draw and label their drawings: spring, summer,

autumn, winter.

In the northern hemisphere, which are the winter

months?

Part of December, January, February and part of March1. Complete the sentences.

a. Anecosystemisaplaceandthelivingthingsthatlive In the southern hemisphere, which are the summer

months?

Part of December, January, February and part of Marchthere.

b. In anecosystemtherearelivingthingssuchasplantsand animals.

c. Therearealsonon-livingthingssuchassoil,rocksandwind.

d. Three examples of ecosystems are a forest, a pond and1. Tick the true sentences. Correct the three false

sentences.

True sentences: c; d; f.


a. Minerals are natural materials and they can be part of

rocks.

b. Some minerals are regular.

e. Rocks are materials made up of minerals.

the savannah (model answer).

2. Identify these two ecosystems and complete the

sentences.

a. Model answer: This is a forest. Many animals can live

here, for example, bears, rabbits and squirrels.

b. Model answer: This is a savannah. Many animals can

live here, for example, zebras, hyenas and lions.


UNIT 7: MINERALS

UNIT 8: ECOSYSTEMS

Reflect light from

the SunOrbit

the SunOrbit planets

stars

planets satellites comets

Luminousastronomical

bodies

Give off

light

Non-luminousastronomical

stars planets satellites comets


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REINFORCEMENT

d. Non-luminous bodies produce no light.3. Describe a food chain and give an example.

A food chain starts with a plant. Next, a herbivore eats e. Two non-luminous objects which reflect light are

mirrors and the Moon.the plant. Finally, a carnivore eats the herbivore.

Example: grassrabbiteagle; grass/ leaves5. Complete the text.

When I touch a hot object, the heat passes from the hot

object to my hand.

deerwolf.


a. treeb. trees

c. spiders

d. mice

savannahbushes

worms

bushes

pondgrasses

rabbits

rabbits

forestoasis

beetles

owls

When I touch a cold object, the heat passes from my handto the (cold) object.

In other words, heat goes from one body to another. Heat

flows from an object with a higher temperature to an object

with a lower temperature.5. Give examples to complete the table.

Open answers.


a. Seaweed is the most common plant in the sea.

6. Label these objects conductors or insulators.

a. insulator. b. conductor. c. conductor. d. conductor (but

not the handle!). e. insulator. f. insulator.

b. Fish are the biggest group of invertebrates.

c. Seahorses eat seaweed.

d. There are three main zones in the sea.

e. Whales are omnivorous animals. 1. Find the names of 10 materials in the wordsearch and

classify them.

Across: aluminium, wood, glass, leather, silk

Down: plastic, cotton, marble, paper, iron

Natural materials:

Vegetableorigin: wood, cotton

Animal origin: leather, silk

Mineral origin: marble, iron

Artificial materials: aluminium, glass, plastic, paper

7. Draw and label animals and plants to complete the

illustration.

Open answer.


a. Light moves in a straight line.2. Match the columns. Then match the photographs.

a. 2 e; b. 1 a; c. 5 b; d. 3 d; e. 4 c.

b. Light moves very fast.

c. When light cannot travel through an object, a shadow isformed.

d. The shadow of an object is always formed on the

opposite side to the source of light.

3. Complete the sentences. Then label the photos.

If we pull the end of a pulley, the object at the other end

goes up. How does light move? Light moves in a straight line and

very fast. If we push down one end of a lever, the object at the

other end goes up.

We can slide objects up and down a ramp.2. Colour the rainbow, putting the colours in the correctorder.

Students colour. Order: red, orange, yellow, green, blue,

indigo, violet.

a. How many colours make up white light? Seven.

b. What are the primary colours? Red, yellow and blue.

c. How do we get orange? We mix red and yellow.

d. How do we get purple? We mix red and blue.

e. How do we get green? We mix blue and yellow.

Pulley; lever; ramp.

4. Name six complex machines which you use every day.

Open answers.

5. Write a description of a machine and describe itsfunctions.

Open answer.

3. Match and add an example.

a. 2; b. 3; c. 1.

Model answers: a card, clear plastic, some windows. 1. Match the columns.

a. A settlement is a village, town or city.

b. A municipality is a settlement and the land around it.

c. A region is made up of several municipalities.

d. A province is bigger than a region.


a. Luminous bodies are sources of light.

b. Natural luminous bodies, like stars, produce light.

c. Artificial luminous bodies, like candles, are man-made.


UNIT 11: WHERE DO WE LIVE?

UNIT 9: LIGHT

UNIT 10: MATERIALS


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REINFORCEMENT


a. How many Autonomous Communities are there in

Spain? There are seventeen.

b. How many Autonomous Cities are there? There are two.

c. Is Spain one of the largest countries in Europe? Yes,it is.

d. Which European countries share frontiers with Spain?France and Portugal share frontiers with Spain.

e. Where is Spain situated with respect to Africa? Spain is

north of Africa.

1. Use the words to complete the table.

2. Answer the questions. Model answers:

a. Do you watch television? Yes, I do.

How many hours per week? I watch around ten hoursper week.

b. Do you use the Internet? Yes, I do.

How many hours per week? I use the Internet aboutfifteen hours per week.

c. Which do you prefer television or the Internet? I prefer

the Internet.

Why? Because there is a lot of variety and I can use it atany time.

3. Look at the map and write about Spain.

Model answer: Spain is made up of most of the Iberian

Peninsula, the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands

Spain is south of France

4. Label the 17 Autonomous Communities.

Students label the map.

3. Find the names of 7 kinds of jobs in the service sector in

the wordsearch.

Across: education, tourism.

Down: defence, commerce, transport, office work, health

care.

Copy the words from the wordsearch and give

examples.

Model answers:

1. Look at the map and answer the questions.

a. How many continents are there? There are six

continents.

b. Name them: Africa, America, Antarctica, Asia, Europe

and Oceania.

c. Which is the biggest continent? Asia is the biggest

continent.

d. Which is the smallest continent? Oceania is the smallest

continent.

e. Which is the longest continent? America is the longest

continent.

f. How many oceans are there? There are five oceans.

g. Name them: The Antarctic, the Arctic, the Atlantic, the

Indian and the Pacific.

h. Which oceans are frozen? The Arctic and the Antarctic

are frozen.

i. Which continent is frozen? Antarctica is frozen.

commerce

defence

education

health care

office work

producers, salespeople, consumers

the army

teachers, professors

doctors, nurses

people who work in banks and town halls,

secretaries

travel agents, people who work in hotels and

restaurants

taxi drivers, bus drivers, truck drivers

tourism

transport

4. Look at the photograph. What people work in a place like

this?

Open answer.

2. Label these European countries on the map.

Students label the map.

Which four of these countries do not belong to theEuropean Union? Iceland, Norway, The Russian

Federation and Ukraine.


a. Europe is connected to Asia.

b. Between the Spanish coast and Africa, there are 14

1. Tick the true sentences. Correct the false sentences.

True sentences: b; c; d; g.


a. Much of Europe was part of the Roman Empire.

kilometres.

c. The landscape of most of Europe is made up of plains.

e. Roman roads were very good.d. The population of Europe is around 730 million people.

f. Aqueducts carried water to the cities.e. The largest European country is The Russian

Federation. h. The language of the Roman Empire was Latin.


UNIT 14: THE ROMANS

UNIT 12: OCEANS AND CONTINENTS

MunicipalGovernment

AutonomousGovernment

Spanish State

MayorCouncillors

President and

councillorsAssembly

Head of State/ King

Houses of ParliamentPresident and

Ministers

UNIT 13: GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY


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EXTENSION

2. Find these parts of the castle and write the words in the

right place.

Students label the castle. 1. Answer the questions.

a. Why is fibre good for us? It helps the digestive processand prevents heart disease and cancer.

b. Where is fibre found? It is found in fruit and vegetables,

nuts, seeds and pulses.c. What does the outer layer of a cereal grain contain? It

contains fibre, vitamins and minerals.

d. When is this outer layer removed? It is removed in the

refining process.

e. Why are food labels important? They give us important

information about the salt, sugar, fat and fibre content

in processed food.


a. After the end of the Roman Empire there were wars in

Spain.

b. Muslims from North Africa entered Spain.

c. These Muslims lived in cities surrounded by walls.

d. The Christians lived in the north of Spain.

e. Little by little, the Christians conquered all Spain.

f. They built cathedrals in the cities and monasteries in

the countryside.


a. When was America discovered? More than 500 years

ago.

b. What new plants did Europeans find in America? They

found maize, tomatoes and potatoes.

c. What valuable minerals did they find? They found silver

and gold.

d. Where did European kings and aristocrats live? Theylived in palaces.

e. At that time, what was life like in the European

countryside? It was hard.

2. Circle the foods which have more fibre in them.

Food with more fibre: brown rice, beans, lentils, apples,

oranges, brown macaroni, wholegrain bread, almonds,

pears, peanuts, peas.


a. Blood carries oxygen to various parts of the body.

b. Karl Landsteiner received the Nobel Prize for his

discovery.

c. Human beings have different blood types.

d. There are four basic blood groups.

e. Blood groups must be compatible between the

patients blood and the donors blood.

5. Name four great inventions from the nineteenth or

twentieth centuries.

Model answer:

Electricity, penicillin, the telephone, the petrol engine.

Draw two of these inventions.

Students draw two inventions. 2. Match the parts of the body with their function.

a. Blood: carries oxygen.

b. Heart: pumps blood.

c. Arteries: carry blood from the heart to the rest of the

body.

d. Kidneys: clean the blood.

e. Bladder: stores urine.

EXTENSIONACTIVITIES


True sentences: b, d, e.

Corrected false sentences:a. Some scientists believe a meteorite hit the Earth and


True sentences: a, d, e.


b. Alzheimers disease affects old people.

c. Alzheimers disease affects the brain, not the body.

killed off the dinosaurs.

c. The meteorite affected the Earth a lot.


a. A meteorite (2) crashed into the Earth in Mexico.

b. Fires (4) started all over the world.

c. Tsunamis (5) occurred in seas and oceans around theworld.

d. The meteorite (3) caused an impact winter.

e. Dust (1) blocked out light and heat from the Sun.


a. During pregnancy, the baby gets food and oxygen

through the umbilical chord.

b. Babies learn how to talk when they are about two years

old.

c. Human beings reach maturity when they are about 20

years old.


UNIT 4: MEN AND WOMEN

UNIT 1: ANIMALS AND PLANTS

UNIT 3: BREATHING

UNIT 2: FOOD


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EXTENSION

d. In old age people have a lot of experience. 2. Circle the correct answer.

a. Where are coal and petrol usually found? Underground.

b. What is used to extract underground water or petrol?

A well.

e. During our youth we continue growing.

c. What kind of energy is produced by the Sun? Solar.


a. At first, a silkworm larva is about 1cm long.

b. Silkworms only eat mulberry leaves.

c. It takes the silkworm three days to make its cocoon.

d. After three weeks the adult moth emerges from the

cocoon.

e. Silkworms are kept on farms to produce silk.


a. The lung of the world (2) provides 20% of the Earths

oxygen.

b. Medicinal plants (4) are used to make medicines.

c. Wood (1) is used to make expensive furniture.

d. The cultivation (5) of crops makes money for big

companies.

e. The natives (3) have to find other homes.


a. Silkworms are herbivores because (2) they eat mulberry

leaves.

b. Silkworms are oviparous because (3) they come from

eggs.

c. Silkworms are invertebrates because (1) they do not

have a backbone.

2. Read the definitions and write the name of the animal.

a. Whale: the largest mammal that lives in the sea.b. Elephant: a large animal that lives in Africa and has a

trunk.

c. Zebra: an animal like a horse which has black and

white stripes.

d. Crocodile: a large, dangerous animal that lives in rivers

and has a big mouth and sharp teeth.1. Read the definitions. What are they describing?

a. The second month of the year: February.

b. The day you are born: your birthday.

c. A year with 366 days: a Leap Year.1. Tick () the true sentences. Correct the false sentences.

True sentences: a, b, d.Corrected false sentence:

c. Totalsolareclipsesoccurlessthan70 timesper

2. Complete the sentences with the following words.

a. In the spring, the days begin to get longer and the

weather gets warmer. Flowers grow, and it often rains.

b. In the summer, the days are long and hot, because the

Earth receives more light and heat from the Sun.

c. In the autumn, the days get shorter and the leaves gbrown and fall from the trees. It can be windy, wet and

cold.

d. In the winter, it is cold and the days are shorter becaus

the Earth receives less sunlight and heat. In some area

it snows.

century.

e. Atotalsolareclipseisseenbypeoplewhoarein its

path.


a. The Earth is an opaque object.

b. Planets are non-luminous bodies.

c. Luminous bodies are a source of light.

d. The Sun is a natural luminous body.


a. What are two examples of fossil fuels? Coal and petrol.

b. What are fossil fuels used for? They area used for heat,

light, industry and transport.

c. What is the problem with the gases that they produce?They contaminate the air.

d. What are scientists trying to do? They are trying to find

other ways of producing energy.

e. What kinds of energy are being generated in the photo?

Solar energy and wind energy.


a. Egyptians used paper made from the papyrus plant.

b. The Chinese used paper in the 2nd century AD.

c. Production was introduced into Europe in the 12th

century.

2. Choose one of the following words to complete the

sentences.

a. Paper is a flexible material because it can be folded.


UNIT 10: MATERIALSUNIT 7: MINERALS

UNIT 9: LIGHT

UNIT 6: THE UNIVERSE

UNIT 8: ECOSYSTEMS

UNIT 5: LIFE CYCLES


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EXTENSION

b. Glass is a hard material because it is difficult to scratch.

c. Rubber is an elastic material because it can be

squashed.

d. Concrete is a strong material because it can carry

heavy weights.

e. Pottery is a fragile material because it can break easily.

d. Africa is the hottest continent.

e. Oceania is the smallest continent.

f. Antarctica is a frozen continent.

1. Answer the questions.a. When was the Magna Carta written? It was written in

1215.

b. Who was the King of England at that time? King John.

c. Who had organised the revolt? The barons.

d. What did the Magna Carta establish? It established

the limits of the Kings power, and it established the

peoples rights.

e. Why is it important?Because it is considered to be thefirst signed constitution. Also, it is an important reference

in the history of democratic systems of government.


a. When was the city founded? It was founded in 25 BC.

b. What is it famous for? It is famous for its Romanmonuments.

c. What takes place there every summer? There is a

festival of classical theatre.

d. What river goes through this city? The River Guadiana.

e. What is the name of the city? Mrida.

f. Which Autonomous Community is it in? Extremadura.

2. Match the words and their definitions.

a. A place where you can borrow books: (2) library.

b. A religious building for Christians: (4) church.

c. An area of water: (3) lake.

d. A place where people go to look at paintings or old

objects: (1) museum.

e. A place where people sell fruit, vegetables, fish, meat,

etc.: (5) market.


a. Town halls are run by the mayor and councillors.

b. The Government is made up of the President and the

Ministers.

c. The Constitution establishes our rights and duties.

d. The press, radio and television are all mass media.

e. Doctors,officeworkers,andteachersworkin the

service sector.


True sentences: a, d.


b. They built roads all over their Empire.


a. The Arctic is one of the coldest places on Earth.

b. TheArcticischangingbecauseofarisein theEarthstemperature.

c. If the sea level rises, many low lying coastal areas will

be affected

d. Icebergs are floating pieces of ice.

e. They can be a danger to ships.

2. Correct these sentences.

a. Asia is the biggest continent.

b. Europe is connected to Asia.

c. America is the longest continent.

c. The roads were wide enough for travellers to pass each

other.

e. Roman roads have not disappeared.

2. Write the missing verb.

a. The language of the Roman Empire was Latin.

b. In Roman times, aqueducts carried water to the cities.

c. Muslims from North Africa entered Spain.

d. Christian kings and nobles lived in the north.

e. Christians built great cathedrals and monasteries.


UNIT 12: OCEANS AND CONTINENTS

UNIT 14: THE ROMANS

UNIT 11: WHERE DO WE LIVE?

UNIT 13: GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY


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NOTES:

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NOTES:

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The Reinforcement and Extension Worksheets for Essential Science, Science,Geography

and History for Year 4 of Primary Education are a collective work, conceived,

designed and created by the Primary Education department at Santillana,

under the supervision of Jos TomasHenao and Javier Prezrubalcaba

Contributing author: Jane Kilner

Editors: Martin Minchom, Sheila KlaiberIllustrations: Jorge Salas

Art Director: Jos Crespo

Design coordinator: Rosa Marn

Cover design: Martn Len Barreto

Artwork coordinator: Carlos Aguilera

Coordinator design development: Javier Tejeda

Design development: Jos Luis Garca and Ral de Andrs

Technical director: Angel Garca Encinar

Technical coordinators: FernandoCarmona, Marisa Valbuena

Layout: Montytexto, Pedro ValenciaResearch and photographic selection: Amparo Rodriguez

Photographs: A. Guerra; A. Rodrguez; A. Toril; C. Dez Polanco; GARC A-PELAYO/Juancho;J. C. Martnez; J. C. Muoz; J. Jaime; J. V. Resino; L. M. Iglesias; Michele di Piccione; P.Esgueva;S. Caunedo; S. Enrquez; S. Padura; A. G. E. FOTOSTOCK; COMSTOCK; DIGITALVISION; EFE;EFE/AP PHOTO/THE FAYETTEVILLE OBSERVER-TIMES Johnny Horne; HIGHRES PRESS STOCK/AbleStock.com; I. Preysler; ISTOCKPHOTO; LOBO PRODUCCIONES/ C. Sanz; MELBA AGENCY; NASA;PHOTOALTO; PHOTODISC; SEIS X SEIS; STOCK PHOTOS; STOCKBYTE; MATTON-BILD; Samsung;SERIDEC PHOTOIMAGENES CD; THE BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON; ARCHIVO SANTILLANA

2009 by Santillana Educacin, S. L./ Richmond PublishingTorrelaguna, 60. 28043 Madrid

Richmond Publishing is an imprintof Santillana Educacin, S. L.

PRINTED IN SPAIN

Richmond Publishing26-28 Hammersmith GroveLondon W6 7BAUnited Kingdom

CP: 158203D.L.:

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval

system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of

the publisher.

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