razones para desarrollar una política industrial activa en españa(es)/ reasons for developing an...

8/2/2019 Razones para desarrollar una poltica industrial activa en Espaa(Es)/ Reasons for developing an active industrial p

1/13

RNYJHOS [NRN MOSNRRJAANR_HN [JA]FCN FHM_S]RFNA

NC]FUN OH OS[NN

NAOINHMRJ AOLNRMN YNRNLO]NCjhsoiorj Mfroc}jr Lohorna

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NH]JHFJ @FMNALJ H_C@ORNCn}omr}fcj mo Jrlnhfyncfh mo Od{rosns

_hforsfmnm [jaf}chfcn mo Dnmrfm

An ronafmnm rocfoh}o hjs fhmfcn ~uo huojs soc}jros mo nc}ffmnm ocjhdfcn `nh odorlfmj n{nr}fr mo an mcnmn mo ajs hjoh}n moa sflaj {nsnmj! dfoh}rns ~uo j}rjs `nh fmj lrnmunadoh$}o mosn{nrocfohmj j mfsdfhuvohmj su {osj moh}rj mo an ocjhjdn mo ajs {nsos mosnrrjaan$mjs! aj ~uo `n fd{afcnmj cndbfjs os}ruc}urnaos sflhfefcn}fjs Os}js cndbfjs! euhmndoh}nmjs

{rfhcf{nadoh}o oh uh usj fh}ohsfj mo an }ochjajln

{jr {nr}o mo ans od{rosns v oh uh euor}o n`jrrj mocjs}os! `nh fd{uasnmj an op{uasfh mo dnhj mo jbrnmosmo an nlrfcua}urn v! oh dohjr domfmn! mo an fh$mus}rfn ncfn j}rjs soc}jros ds {rjmuc}fjs cjdj ajssorfcfjs mo na}j najr nnmfmj! sfh cjh}nr cjh oa holn$}fj fd{nc}j cnusnmj n hfoa mo mosod{aoj v an n{n$rfcfh mo soc}jros fhejrdnaos oh hudorjsjs {nsos

Lohornadoh}o! ajs nloh}os lohornmjros mo osn }rnhs$ejrdncfh }ochjalfcn v ocjhdfcn suoaoh sor ansod{rosns mo cn{f}na hncfjhna! nuh~uo an {nr}fcf{n$cfh mo cn{f}na v }ochjajln op}rnhiorjs {uomo sorroaonh}o oh cfor}js soc}jros Sjh ans {rj{fns od{ro$sns oh an bs~uomn mo bohoefcfjs! ans ~uo lohornhv n{afcnh ajs nnhcos }ochjalfcjs ~uo {ordf}oh an{uos}n oh oa dorcnmj mo huojs {rjmuc}js n doij$ros {rocfjs (Hoasjh! 2;;=& _hn ocjhjdn hncfjhnacjd{uos}n {jr od{rosns mfhdfcns v }ochjalfcn$doh}o nnhynmns }ohmor n crocor ds mo{rfsn~uo j}rn ~uo hj {json os}ns cnrnc}ors}fcns (Mjsf!>600& [jr }nh}j! oa cjhjcfdfoh}j v od{aoj mo ajsdocnhfsdjs ~uo `ncoh ~uo ans od{rosns croycnhv cjd{f}nh oh ajs dorcnmjs fh}orhncfjhnaos cjhs}f$}uvo uh enc}jr cr}fcj {nrn {rjdjor oa {rjlrosj moajs {nsos (JOCM! >666&

Nco{}nhmj ~uo oa oh}jrhj oh oa ~uo so mosnrrjaan jv

an nc}ffmnm od{rosnrfna os na}ndoh}o cjd{o}f}fj v~uo opfs}oh uhjs enc}jros mo {rosfh duv fsfbaos oh}roajs ~uo {uomoh mos}ncnrso oa os}roc`ndfoh}j mo ajs

drlohos! an lajbnafyncfh moa dorcnmj v oa {n{oa

{ro{jhmornh}o mo an }ochjajln! rosua}n uh fd{orn$}fj mo cnrc}or os}rn}lfcj {nrn nerjh}nr an cjd{o$}ohcfn eu}urn }rn}nr mo {oreoccfjhnr ans od{rosns modnhorn ~uo dnpfdfcoh su cjh}rfbucfh nsolurnh$mj oa dnvjr najr nnmfmj n ajs cafoh}os Oh os}o soh$}fmj! ans cn{ncfmnmos mfroc}fns mo sus los}jros j{rj{fo}nrfjs cjhs}f}uvo uh enc}jr mo pf}j cano vn~uo sus mocfsfjhos mo fhorsfh! cjj{orncfh! ejr$dncfh mo od{aonmjs! dnrgo}fhl! F'M! o}c! mo}or$dfhnh su rf}dj mo doijrn }ochjalfcn (Gfd v Hoasjh!2;;?&

Sfh odbnrlj! sf bfoh {nr}o mo oso {rjcosj mo }rnhs$ejrdncfh v doijrn }ochjalfcns os nu}hjdj v{uomo sor encfaf}nmj {jr ans {rj{fns euoryns moa dor$cnmj! {uomo hj sor suefcfoh}o j modnsfnmj aoh}jros{oc}j na {rjlrosj mo ans od{rosns cjd{o}fmjrnsmo j}rjs {nsos! j n ajs {rj{fjs jbio}fjs ocjhdf$cjs v mo {rjlrosj moa {ns oh cuos}fh! cjh aj ~uoos}o }oifmj fhmus}rfna {jmrn hj sjbroffr n domfj janrlj {anyj Oh os}o cnsj! an fh}orohcfh moa ljbfor$hj {uomo sor hocosnrfn! {uos}j ~uo an cjd{o}ohcfnmo ajs dorcnmjs hj fd{uasn oh cfor}js cnsjs suefcfoh$}odoh}o n sus od{rosns n fhhjnr v! {jr }nh}j! ndoijrnr su }ochjajln v {rjmuc}ffmnm (Rjmrfg! 2;;=&Rosua}n ofmoh}o! oh os}o {uh}j! ~uo cfor}js {nsos sjhds oefcncos ~uo j}rjs n an `jrn mo {rjdjor domf$

mns {ja}fcns! ocjhdfcns v sjcfnaos ~uo {ordf}nh oamosnrrjaaj mo od{rosns cjd{o}f}fns Hj jbs}nh}o! os}ocndfhj {uomo lohornr oh cfor}js cnsjs uh oeoc}j cjh$

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2/13

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]jdnhmj cjdj {uh}j mo {nr}fmn ~uo oa {rjcosj mo fh$mus}rfnafyncfh mo uh {ns so fmoh}fefcn cjh su mosnrrj$aaj ocjhdfcj mobfmj n ~uo fd{afcn uh fhcrodoh}jmo ajs hfoaos mo roh}n v cjhaaon uh {rjcosj mo cnd$bfj os}ruc}urna (@fmnalj! Djaorj v Lrnhmn! 2;;>= 30> 8Of

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3/13

RNYJHOS [NRN MOSNRRJAANR _HN [JA]FCN FHM_S]RFNA NC]FUN

~uo sonh n}rnc}fjs {nrn an sjcfomnm! ns{oc}j s}o~uo os} h}fdndoh}o roancfjhnmj cjh an cn{ncfmnmfhhjnmjrn mo mfc`j {ns v cjh su cn{ncfmnm moop{jr}ncfh [uos}j ~uo os}js mjs fhmfcnmjros nrnhsolh ajs mfeoroh}os soc}jros mo nc}ffmnm ocjhdf$cn! an cn{ncfmnm mo uh {ns {nrn ncorcnrso n ajsds {rjmuc}fjs mo{ohmor duc`j mo aj ~uo {rjmu$co v op{jr}n n j}rjs {nsos [nr}fohmj mo an bnso ~uoan cjd{o}f}ffmnm os uh enc}jr mfhdfcj v roan}fj hjbns}n cjh nc}unr sjbro ajs enc}jros ~uo cjhmfcfjhnhan {rjmuc}ffmnm mo uh {ns! sfhj ~uo `nv ~uo ncorajcjh ds oefcncfn ~uo ajs {nsos cjd{o}fmjros Oh andomfmn oh ~uo oa hdorj mo {nr}fcf{nh}os oh ajs dor$cnmjs fh}orhncfjhnaos os cnmn oy dnvjr v ~uo `nv

duc`js {nsos cjh {ja}fcns duv nc}fns mo ejdoh}jmo an cjd{o}f}ffmnm! oa ro}j mo dnh}ohorso cjd{o}f$}fj os cnmn oy dnvjr

An sf}uncfh nc}una mo an fhmus}rfn oh Os{nn os} dnr$cnmn {jr an muroyn mo an crfsfs v an euor}o jrfoh}ncfhmo huos}rns od{rosns na dorcnmj fh}orfjr! aj ~uoroeaoin ans mfefcua}nmos mo huos}rn fhmus}rfn {nrn dnh$}ohorso cjd{o}f}fn Cjdohynhmj {jr an {rjmuc}ff$mnm moa }rnbnij! os mocfr! an {rjmuccfh {jr uhfmnmmo }rnbnij! oh Os{nn su hfoa oh ajs a}fdjs njs `nsfmj duv fheorfjr na {rjdomfj op{orfdoh}nmj {jr ajs{nsos mo an yjhn ourj v cnsf an df}nm mo ajs najros

nacnhynmjs {jr Ernhcfn v Naodnhfn Nmods! dfoh$}rns ~uo oh Os{nn mfc`n {rjmuc}ffmnm crocf n uhrf}dj nhuna moa ;!& Hj jbs}nh$}o! `nv ~uo rosna}nr oa `oc`j mo ~uo os}o fhmfcnmjr`n op{orfdoh}nmj uhn aoo doijrn oh 2;;6 v 2;>;!nacnhynhmj oh os}o a}fdj nj uhn }nsn mo nrfn$cfh fh}ornhuna moa 2!2/ sfdfanr n an mo an yjhn ourj

Sf n os}o mn}j so nnmo oa roan}fj n ~uo oa crocf$

dfoh}j mo an {rjmuc}ffmnm cjhiuh}n mo ajs enc}jros(usj cjhiuh}j mo ajs enc}jros mo {rjmuccfh& oh oalajbna mo an ocjhjdn oh Os{nn oh oa {orfjmj

2;;;$2;;0 `n sfmj huaj! so {jho oh ofmohcfn anhocosfmnm mo ~uo huos}rj soc}jr fhmus}rfna fhcro$doh}o su {rjmuc}ffmnm {nrn {jmor sor ds cjd${o}f}fj rojrfoh}nhmj! oh an domfmn mo aj {jsfbao! an{rjmuccfh `ncfn nc}ffmnmos mo dnvjr cjh}ohfmj}ochjalfcj v dnvjr najr nnmfmj

Os}o nhafsfs mo an {rjmuc}ffmnm so ohcuoh}rn fhcjd${ao}j! sf hj so nco roeorohcfn n ajs cjs}os ~uo os}h mf$roc}ndoh}o nsjcfnmjs n ajs {rjcosjs {rjmuc}fjs mohuos}rn fhmus}rfn! cjdj sjh ajs cjs}os anbjrnaos! ajs cjs$}os ohorl}fcjs v! oh dohjr domfmn! ajs cjs}os ajls}f$cjs Huos}rjs cjs}os anbjrnaos uhf}nrfjs nh crocfmj n uhrf}dj domfj nhuna moa 2!0/ eroh}o na ;!5/ mo an yjhn

ourj oh oa {orfjmj 2;;;$2;;0! nuh~uo oh oa nj 2;;6oa crocfdfoh}j so `n djmornmj Ajs cjs}os ohorl}fcjs!oh {nr}fcuanr ajs mo an ohorln oac}rfcn ~uo sjh mo lrnhfd{jr}nhcfn {nrn naluhns nc}ffmnmos fhmus}rfnaos! `nhop{orfdoh}nmj uh crocfdfoh}j moa 660$2;;6 v so ohcuoh}rnh nc}unadoh}o uh >?!3/ {jrohcfdn mo an domfn mo ajs {nsos mo an yjhn ourj ({jroiod{aj! oh Naodnhfn os}o cjs}o os} uh 2!=/ {jr ohcf$dn mo an domfn ourj{on v oh Ernhcfn uh 26!6/ {jrmobnij&! sfh cjh}nr cjh an oaonmn }nsn mo mo{ohmoh$cfn moa op}orfjr

[jr a}fdj! oh roancfh n ajs cjs}os ajls}fcjs ~uo su{j$

hoh oh}ro oa >;/ v oa >?/ moa cjs}o efhna mo uh {rjmuc$}j }ordfhnmj solh os}fdncfjhos mo an Cjdfsfh Ourj${on! }jmnn hjs ~uomn uh nd{afj dnrloh mo doijrnvn ~uo nacnhyndjs 3!53 {uh}js sjbro ? mo ncuormjcjh oa hmfco mo mosod{oj ajls}fcj moa Bnhcj Duh$mfna (2;>;&

Oh roancfh cjh an cn{ncfmnm mo op{jr}ncfh! `nv~uo sonanr! ~uo huos}rn fhmus}rfn {rosoh}n uhn opcosf$n jrfoh}ncfh na dorcnmj fh}orhj! aj ~uo {uomo os}nrop{afcnmj oh {nr}o {jr oa euor}o mfhndfsdj mo an mo$dnhmn fh}orhn oh an a}fdn mcnmn Huos}rn fh}ohsf$mnm op{jr}nmjrn os duv fheorfjr na {rjdomfj mo ajs {n$sos mo an yjhn ourj! sf}uncfh ~uo so n fmj fhcrodoh$

}nhmj oh oa {orfjmj >66?$2;;6 (lrefcj 2&! v so cjh$coh}rn euhmndoh}nadoh}o oh oa dorcnmj ourj{ojcjh oa


4/13


uhn dnvjr {rosohcfn mo huos}rn fhmus}rfn oh ajs dor$cnmjs v soc}jros fh}orhncfjhnaos hj sor {jsfbao ~uohuos}rns od{rosns mosnrrjaaoh uhn ormnmorn cn{ncf$mnm cjd{o}f}fn! os mocfr! uh hfoa mo oefcfohcfn {rj$muc}fn crocfoh}o

[nrn efhnafynr os}n moscrf{cfh os {rocfsj nnmfr n os}jsmjs enc}jros nhnafynmjs! j}rjs mjs oaodoh}js ~uo n{jr$}nh fhejrdncfh cano sjbro an sf}uncfh mo huos}rn fh$mus}rfn Oh {rfdor aulnr! oa romucfmj {osj moa soc}jr fh$mus}rfna sjbro oa }j}na hncfjhna! ~uo oh 2;;6 nacnhy ancfern moa >?!>/ ({jr mobnij moa 2;!6/ oh oa nj 2;;;&!v aoijs mo an domfn ourj{on (>0!>/& v mo {nsos cjdjNaodnhfn (22/&! Suocfn (>6!0!0/& (lref$cj 3& Oh soluhmj aulnr! an bnin fh}ohsfmnm }ochjalf$

cn mo huos}rn fhmus}rfn! cjdj aj moduos}rn oa `oc`jmo ~uo oh oa nj 2;;< saj oa 3!/ mo ans od{rosns! oa>;!0/ mo an {rjmuccfh v oa 0!660& Os}n fh}orohcfh {baf$cn rofs}o ejrdns duv mfeoroh}os solh oa hfoanacnhynmj {jr oa {rjcosj mo fhmus}rfnafyncfh oh oa{ns j an yjhn mo ~uo so }rn}o

An cjh}rjorsfn sjbro oa nacnhco mo an {ja}fcn fhmus}rfnaso mobo! oh lrnh domfmn! n ans mfeoroh}os {jsfcfjhossjbro ans bnsos }orfcns opfs}oh}os Naluhjs nu}jros cjhnh}ocomoh}os afbornaos so n{jvnh oh ans }ojrns ejrdn$aos {nrn ius}fefcnr an fh}orohcfh n }rns mo {ja}fcns

fhmus}rfnaos cjdj uhn n {nrn cjrrolfr ajs erncnsjs j ansfd{oreoccfjhos moa dorcnmj (oh dn}orfns cjdj ansop}orhnafmnmos! ajs bfohos {bafcjs! an fhcor}fmudbro! an

fhejrdncfh fhsuefcfoh}o j soslnmn! o}c&! bnij an f{}o$sfs mo ~uo oa o~ufafbrfj mo an ocjhjdn hj aaoln n sor{}fdj v bnshmjso oh su{uos}js sjbro an rncfjhnafmnmmo ajs nloh}os ~uo so cjd{jr}nh mo ejrdn dnpfdfyn$mjrn v oa cjhjcfdfoh}j mfs{jhfbao cjdj uh bfoh afbro

Mo ncuormj cjh os}o {uh}j mo fs}n! an {ja}fcn fhmus}rfna}foho uhn hn}urnaoyn {urndoh}o ronc}fn v ros}rfhlf$mn! mfrflfmn os{ocefcndoh}o n cjrrolfr ans fd{oreoc$cfjhos moa dorcnmj! v so mobo n{afcnr oh soh}fmj`jrfyjh}na! os}j os! hj sorn soaoc}fn oh aj roeoroh}on ajs soc}jros j ans nc}ffmnmos (Mjsf v Gjlu}! >6637C`nhl! 2;;=&

Oh an af}orn}urn opfs}oh}o! uhn {rfdorn cr}fcn ~uo so

ohcuoh}rn sjbro ans afdf}ncfjhos mo ajs enaajs moadorcnmj os ~uo n ocos hj sjh ecfaos mo ajcnafynropco{}j oh ajs cnsjs ds jbfjs Oh j}rjs cnsjs!nh uhn oy ajcnafynmjs! hj so snbo bfoh cjh ~u{rjeuhmfmnm nbjrmnrajs! {jr oiod{aj oh uh cnsj ohoa ~uo son hocosnrfn uhn nccfh mo {rjdjcfh ohdn}orfn mo F'M

Os}o ohej~uo {rosu{jho! nmods! ~uo oa ros}j moadorcnmj euhcfjhn bfoh! aj cuna os duv nrrfoslnmj! nan fs}n mo ans ronafmnmos ocjhdfcns ~uo cnrnc}orf$ynh huos}rj oh}jrhj nc}unadoh}o Su{jhor ~uo oahfcj {rj{sf}j mo ans euoryns moa dorcnmj os an dnpf$dfyncfh moa bohoefcfj n anrlj {anyj os {rjbnbaodoh$}o uh orrjr! vn ~uo subsfs}oh euoryns cjh fh}orosos cjh$}rn{uos}js cjdj! {jr oiod{aj! oa mo ajs mfroc}fjs {nrndnpfdfynr oa cjr}j {anyj eroh}o n ajs {rj{fo}nrfjs ~uoos}nrnh ds fh}orosnmjs oh oa anrlj {anyj Sf ajs mfroc$}fjs ohejcnh su los}fh oh oa cjr}j {anyj! {jmrnh }rn$}nr mo dnpfdfynr sus bohoefcfjs n cjs}n mo od{jbro$cor an cn{ncfmnm }ochjalfcn mo sus od{rosns n eu}u$rj! sfd{aodoh}o romucfohmj su lns}j oh F'M Op{o$rfohcfns rocfoh}os hjs `nh {ordf}fmj nsfs}fr n an cnmnmo od{rosns o fhcausj soc}jros oh}orjs! sjbro }jmj ohajs {nsos jccfmoh}naos cjdj cjhsocuohcfn mo aj nh$}orfjr Oh os}js cnsjs! ajs fh}orosos mo ajs mfroc}fjs ncn$bnrjh mos}ruvohmj najr oh oy mo cronraj

[jr j}rn {nr}o! os ofmoh}o ~uo ajs dorcnmjs hj {rj${jrcfjhnh suefcfoh}o fhejrdncfh sjbro ajs {j}ohcfn$

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5/13


aos bohoefcfjs eu}urjs mo ajs rocursjs j }ochjajlns~uo }jmnn hj opfs}oh j cuvj lrnmj mo mosnrrjaajos }jmnn duv bnij An n{afcncfh mo an mjc}rfhnmo ans oh}nins cjd{nrn}fns! {fomrn nhluanr mo an}ojrn moa cjdorcfj fh}orhncfjhna! }foho afdf}nmj najrsf oa mosnrrjaaj ocjhdfcj djmfefcn cjhs}nh}odoh$

}o ajs enc}jros {rjmuc}fjs n }rns mo fhorsfjhos mocn{f}na! v oh omucncfh v cjhjcfdfoh}j }ochjalf$cj Cjdj sonan Rjmrfg (2;;=& ans euoryns ~uo sfr$oh cjdj od{uio moa mosnrrjaaj ocjhdfcj hj{uomoh sor ans mo ans oh}nins cjd{nrn}fns }na vcjdj so `n oh}ohmfmj }rnmfcfjhnadoh}o

Oa ohej~uo bnsnmj oh ajs enaajs moa dorcnmj `n sor$fmj {nrn nbjrmnr cfor}ns mobfafmnmos os}ruc}urnaos oh{nsos oh mosnrrjaaj cjdj ena}n mo fhernos}ruc}urns! omu$cncfh! cn{f}na! j nc}ffmnmos mo F'M Hj jbs}nh}o!os}o ohej~uo }foho afdf}ncfjhos! vn ~uo ros}rfhlo an{ja}fcn fhmus}rfna n cfor}js su{uos}js j sf}uncfjhos ohajs ~uo oa ljbforhj nc}n mo uhn dnhorn cnsf sub$

sfmfnrfn v mo ejrdn {uh}una

Sfh odbnrlj! ajs nu}jros hojscùd{o}orfnhjs v {nr$}fmnrfjs mo an ocjhjdn ojau}fn! sf bfoh hj roc`n$ynh ans }ojrns ejrdnaos! bnsnh sus j{fhfjhos nh}o}jmj! oh an rflurjsn jbsorncfh mo ajs eohdohjsocjhdfcjs (Hoasjh! 2;;=& Oh cjhsjhnhcfn cjh ajssu{uos}js ds ronafs}ns mo ~uo oa cjd{jr}ndfoh}jmo ajs nloh}os os} bnsnmj oh uhn rncfjhnafmnm afdf$}nmn (j ros}rfhlfmn& v mo ~uo oa cjhjcfdfoh}j os {ro$mjdfhnh}odoh}o }cf}j j fmfjsfhcr}fcj! os}js nu}jrossjs}fohoh ~uo ans os}ruc}urns }ochjalfcns! od{rosn$rfnaos o fhmus}rfnaos! v ans fhs}f}ucfjhos oh uh soh}fmj nd${afj (fhcaufmns ans fhs}f}ucfjhos ~uo jerocoh n{jvj n anfhmus}rfn! ans fhernos}ruc}urns! ans hjrdns v ans roluancfj$hos&! ojaucfjhnh cjhiuh}ndoh}o v ~uo su euoryn dj$}rfy os an fhhjncfh (Mjsf v Gjlu}! >6637 [jssns! >665&

Mo ncuormj cjh os}o ohej~uo! an {ja}fcn fhmus}rfnamobo sor nc}fn v mo lrnh nacnhco! v os}nr mfrflfmn najs soc}jros fhmus}rfnaos j ans nc}ffmnmos ~uo ejdoh$}nh oa cndbfj }ochjalfcj v na oh}jrhj ocjhdfcjo fhs}f}ucfjhna oh su cjhiuh}j! ~uo cjhmfcfjhn an oj$aucfh mo ans od{rosns v ans os}ruc}urns fhmus}rfnaos!ns cjdj n an jrlnhfyncfh mo ans fhs}f}ucfjhos! fhcauf$mj oa os}nbaocfdfoh}j mo uh Sfs}odn Hncfjhna mo Fh$hjncfh Os}j mo}ordfhn an cjd{o}f}ffmnm sfs}df$

cn mo an fhmus}rfn v ejdoh}n oa mosnrrjaaj ocjhdf$cj (Enihyvabor! >66;7 [jssns! >665&

Os}o soluhmj {anh}ondfoh}j os ds nmocunmj {nrnan ejrduancfh v an fd{aodoh}ncfh mo uhn {ja}fcn fh$mus}rfna n djmj mo os}rn}olfn mo mosnrrjaaj! v su nd${afj nacnhco fd{afcn an hocosfmnm mo ~uo son cjd${n}fbao cjh an {ja}fcn dncrjocjhdfcn7 mo os}nbao$cor jbio}fjs7 mo fhcuanr fhs}rudoh}js! rolans v rolan$doh}js oh cjhsjhnhcfn cjh ajs jbio}fjs os}nbaocf$mjs7 mo cjjrmfhnr oa {rjlrosj mo ans mforsns fhernos$}ruc}urns (esfcn! cfoh}efcn! }ochjalfcn! sjcfna v roancfj$hnmn cjh an fhhjncfh& oh sfhorlfn cjh an {ja}fcn fh$mus}rfna nmj{}nmn7 v mo jrlnhfynr oa sfs}odn mo fhs}f}u$

cfjhos {bafcns v jrlnhfsdjs ro{rosoh}n}fjs moa soc$}jr {rfnmj ~uo moboh fh}ornc}unr n efh mo aaonran n an{rc}fcn

[jr }nh}j! odjs mo nco{}nr ~uo oa pf}j mo {ja}fcnsfhmus}rfnaos ds nd{afns o fh}ohsns! afmornmns {jr ajs{rj{fjs ljbforhjs! cjdj sjh ajs cnsjs mo cfor}js{nsos nsf}fcjs! v os{ocfnadoh}o C`fhn! n n ro~uo$rfr uhn rofsfh ds oh {rjeuhmfmnm mo os}o docnhfs$dj ocjhdfcj aandnmj {ja}fcn fhmus}rfna Os}n rof$

sfh so mobo bnsnr oh uh cjhiuh}j mo rnyjhos oh}roans ~uo mos}ncndjs ans sflufoh}os9

Oa cnsj oh ~uo ajs fh}orosos mo ans od{rosns v mo ajsljbforhjs hj cjfhcfmoh! os mocfr! cunhmj {jr oiod{ajs}ns cjhsfmornh }rnsanmnr su cn{ncfmnm {rjmuc}fnn j}rj {ns {jr rnyjhos mo cjs}os anbjrnaos! ohorl$}fcjs! ajls}fcjs! o}c! aj ~uo fhmumnbaodoh}o {uomoaaonr nsjcfnmns lrnos cjhsocuohcfns sjcfnaos Ohos}js cnsjs! os ofmoh}o oa fh}ors mo ajs ljbforhjsoh ~uo os}j hj sucomn! cjdj `n jcurrfmj rocfoh}o$doh}o oh oa soc}jr moa nu}jdfa oh Ernhcfn! cuvjljbforhj su{omf} su n{jvj efhnhcforj n ans od{ro$sns oh mfefcua}nmos na dnh}ohfdfoh}j moa od{aoj! joh Naodnhfn cjh oa cnsj J{oa$Dnlhn

Ajs {rjbaodns oh oa mosnrrjaaj fhmus}rfna mo uh {ns~uo surloh cunhmj oa oseuoryj fhorsjr od{rosnrfna ohhuons nc}ffmnmos sjaj so ius}fefcn ocjhdfcndoh}osf an {rfdorn od{rosn oh ronafynraj }foho nalh n{jvjefhnhcforj! j nalh }f{j mo oh}nin j {rj}occfh mo suljbforhj! ~uo ao {ordf}n }jdnr oa rfoslj mo ronafynr anfhorsfh v rocu{ornran nh}os mo ~uo ajs huojs cjd${o}fmjros romuycnh j nhuaoh mfc`n oh}nin

_hn a}fdn fmon! mo cnrc}or dohjs cjhco{}una vds mo cnrc}or od{rfcj! os an ~uo so morfn moa

òc`j fhcjh}os}nbao mo ~uo sjh cnmn oy ds ajs{nsos ~uo os}h fhdorsjs oh {ja}fcns fhmus}rfnaos ~uoenjrocoh cfor}js soc}jros v ejr}naocoh n sus od{ro$sns v sus {rjmuc}js cjh oa canrj jbio}fj mo nbjrmnrajs dorcnmjs fh}orhncfjhnaos [nsos ourj{ojs cjh }rn$mfcfh mfrflfs}n cjdj Ernhcfn! v j}rjs odorloh}oscjdj Brnsfa! Cjron moa Sur v C fhn! cjd{f}oh cnmn oycjh ds euoryn n{afcnhmj fhs}rudoh}js mo {ja}fcn fh$mus}rfna cjh ds j dohjs fh}ohsfmnm! {jr aj ~uo n~uo$aajs j}rjs {nsos ~uo hf }nh sf~uforn so {anh}ooh uhn mo$eohsn jrlnhfynmn mo sus od{rosns v mo sus dorcnmjsso nh n ohcjh}rnr oh uhn canrn fheorfjrfmnm mo cjhmf$cfjhos Ajs ljbforhjs ~uo flhjroh os}o òc`j oh euh$cfh mo crf}orfjs afbornaos dna oh}ohmfmjs! os}h cjhmo$hnhmj n sus od{rosns n iulnr cjh uhn mosoh}nin {or$dnhoh}o

Oh ronafmnm! `jv oh mn (oh dnvjr j dohjr lrnmj&cnsf }jmjs ajs {nsos odorloh}os v }ndbfh mosnrrj$aanmjs os}h n{afcnhmj naluhn nrfnh}o mo {ja}fcnfhmus}rfna [ruobn moa fh}ors nc}una {jr an {ja}fcnfhmus}rfna os oa nr}cuaj mo ]ò Ocjhjdfs} (2;>;&! ~uosonan oa rohjnmj od{uio ~uo ajs ljbforhjs aoos}h mnhmj oh naluhjs {nsos cjdj Os}nmjs _hfmjs!Rofhj _hfmj! Ernhcfn! Naodnhfn v Cjron moa Sur Ohmfc`j nr}cuaj so {jho mo roafoo ~uo os}o rosurlfr moan {ja}fcn fhmus}rfna os} fheauohcfnmj {jr cun}rj euor$

yns {rfhcf{naos9 an {rosfh {nrn romucfr oa mosod{aojv ejdoh}nr oa crocfdfoh}j7 oa mosoj mo cfor}js {nsosjccfmoh}naos mo rojrfoh}nr sus ocjhjdns ds naa

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moa soc}jr efhnhcforj7 an {rosfh {bafcn mo hudorj$sjs soc}jros sjcfnaos neoc}nmjs {jr ans crfsfs7 v an vnnsudfmn hocosfmnm mo ros{jhmor n ans {ja}fcns moos}o }f{j n{afcnmns oh C`fhn

Cjdj cjhcausfh n os}o n{nr}nmj so {jho mo dn$

hfefos}j ~uo an {ja}fcn fhmus}rfna mobo os}nr cjhs}f}uf$mn {jr uh cjhiuh}j mo fhs}rudoh}js! rolans v roluan$cfjhos ~uo ajs ljbforhjs nmj{}oh mos}fhnmns n n{j$vnr v {rjdjor an cjd{o}f}ffmnm mo soc}jros os{o$cefcjs mo an ocjhjdn! os mocfr! buscnhmj hjrdna$doh}o oa ejr}naocfdfoh}j mo uh lru{j mo soc}jrosoaolfmjs ({fcgfhl |fhhors& So }rn}n! {jr }nh}j! mo uhn{ja}fcn {roeoroh}odoh}o mo cjr}o or}fcna! eroh}o nj}rns {jsfbaos mo }f{j `jrfyjh}na n{afcnbaos n }jmjsajs soc}jros cjdj {uomoh sor ans {ja}fcns efscnaos!mo F'M! anbjrnaos! omucn}fns! o}c

OA DNRCJ MO AN _HFH O_RJ[ON V AN OP[ORFOHCFNMO ERNHCFN

Oa {uh}j mo fs}n mo Brusoans

An fmon mo `ncor {ja}fcn fhmus}rfna oh an _hfh Ourj{on`n }ohfmj duv {jcj {romfcndoh}j `ns}n os}js a}f$djs njs An cjh}rjorsfn fs}rfcn lohornmn {jr osnsmjs {nanbrns oh}ro {ja}fcjs v ocjhjdfs}ns! morfnmnmo su nsjcfncfh cjh nc}f}umos {rj}occfjhfs}ns moa{nsnmj! `n òc`j ~uo sjaj rocfoh}odoh}o! bnij anofmohcfn mo an {rmfmn mo {jsfcfh cjd{o}f}fn moans od{rosns fhmus}rfnaos ourj{ons! so nvn {rjmucf$

mj uhn ronccfh suefcfoh}o mo ans nu}jrfmnmos mo an_hfh Ourj{on oh oa soh}fmj mo {anh}onrso ~uo an {j$a}fcn fhmus}rfna {uomo v mobo sor uh fhs}rudoh}j ho$cosnrfj {nrn oa mosnrrjaaj mo an cjd{o}f}ffmnm mo anfhmus}rfn oh Ourj{n An cjhs}n}ncfh mo ~uo ans {ja}f$cns mo fhhjncfh! hjrdnadoh}o mo cnrc}or jrfyjh$}na v lohornadoh}o jrfoh}nmns n an {rjdjcfh mo nc}f$fmnmos mo F'M! hj sjh suefcfoh}os {nrn `ncor eroh}o naeohjdohna ro}j ~uo su{jho nc}unadoh}o an cjd{o$}ohcfn mo huojs {nsos odorloh}os! {nroco ~uo aos`n òc`j ronccfjhnr

[jr {rfdorn oy! oh oa nj 2;;2 an Cjdfsfh Ourj{onod{foyn n sor cjhscfoh}o mo ans afdf}ncfjhos mo ans{ja}fcns `jrfyjh}naos! ns{oc}j na ~uo so `nbn rosfs$}fmj `ns}n oh}jhcos }odorjsn mo ~uo oh}rnrn ohcjheafc}j cjh an {rj`fbfcfh mocanrnmn {jr oa ]rn}nmjmo Rjdn n cuna~ufor }f{j mo nvumn mo Os}nmj nsoc}jros j od{rosns! ds naa mo ajs cnsjs os{ocfn$aos v mo cnrc}or }rnhsf}jrfj roluanmjs op{acf}ndoh$}o Oh os}o soh}fmj! oh an cjduhfcncfh }f}uanmn An{ja}fcn fhmus}rfna oh an Ourj{n nd{afnmn (2;;2&! soronafynh ans sflufoh}os nefrdncfjhos9

An fhmus}rfn os fd{jr}nh}o v iuoln uh {n{oa canooh an croncfh mo rf~uoyn oh Ourj{n

An nd{afncfh mo an _hfh Ourj{on os uhn j{jr}u$hfmnm {nrn ~uo an fhmus}rfn so n{rjocò mo uh dnvjrdorcnmj fh}orhj

]jmns ans {ja}fcns moboh cjh}rfbufr n doijrnr ancjd{o}f}ffmnm mo ans od{rosns

Ans {ja}fcns fhmus}rfnaos mo }f{j jrfyjh}na moboh }ohoroh cuoh}n ans hocosfmnmos mo ajs mfeoroh}os soc}j$ros

[js}orfjrdoh}o! oh oa mjcudoh}j Fd{aodoh}fhl }òCjdduhf}v Afsbjh [rjlrnddo9 N {jafcv erndo|jrg }js}rohl}òh O_ dnhuenc}urfhl $ ]j|nrms n djro fh}o$lrn}om n{{rjnc` ejr fhmus}rfna {jafcv (2;;?& an Cj$dfsfh Ourj{on sonan aj sflufoh}o9 Eroh}o na {rjco$sj mo lajbnafyncfh o fh}ohsn cjd{o}ohcfn fh}orhn$cfjhna! an Cjdfsfh Ourj{on `n anhynmj uhn huon{ja}fcn fhmus}rfna ds fh}olrnmn! ~uo {ordf}n cronr uhnsdoijros cjhmfcfjhos cjd{o}f}fns {nrn ans od{rosnsfhmus}rfnaos ourj{ons An fhmus}rfn os fd{jr}nh}o {nrnan _hfh Ourj{on! od{aon n ds mo 3= dfaajhos mo{orsjhns! ro{rosoh}n ans }ros cunr}ns {nr}os mo suop{jr}ncfh! v oa 0;/ mo an fhorsfh oh F'M {rfnmnmo ans od{rosns ourj{ons An huon {ja}fcn fhmus$}rfna mo an _hfh Ourj{on sor cjd{aodoh}nrfn mo an~uo mosnrrjaanh ajs Os}nmjs Dfodbrjs {nrn sj{jr}nruhn bnso fhmus}rfna euor}o v mfhdfcn An Cjdfsfhanhyn sfo}o huons fhfcfn}fns jrfoh}nmns n soc}jrosos{ocefcjs cjdj oa enrdncu}fcj! moeohsn v }ochj$ajlns mo an fhejrdncfh oh}ro j}rjs Os}n {ja}fcn fh$mus}rfna buscn nvumnr n an nmn{}ncfh v oa cndbfjos}ruc}urna hocosnrfjs {nrn nudoh}nr an cjd{o}oh$cfn mo ans od{rosns fhmus}rfnaos ourj{ons! os{ocfna$doh}o n an auy mo an cnmn oy dnvjr cjd{o}ohcfnmo {nsos cjdj C`fhn v moa ros}j mo Nsfn

Os}n mocanrncfh fhcauvo {jr {rfdorn oy uhn roeo$rohcfn op{acf}n n soc}jros os{ocefcjs! os mocfr! an Cj$dfsfh Ourj{on od{foyn n }jdnr cjhcfohcfn mo ~uohj n n sor {jsfbao moeohmor an {jsfcfh nc}una mo anfhmus}rfn ourj{on! sf hj os domfnh}o an n{afcncfh mo{ja}fcns fhmus}rfnaos cjh dnvscuans n soc}jros cjh$cro}js Oa {anh}ondfoh}j afborna mo hj fh}orohcfh mfroc$}n oh soc}jros os{ocefcjs dnh}ohfmj `ns}n oh}jhcos!od{foyn n ros~uobrninrso cjdj cjhsocuohcfn moaod{uio cjd{o}f}fj mo ajs {nsos odorloh}os

Ds rocfoh}odoh}o! oh jc}ubro mo 2;>;! cjh an cj$duhfcncfh _hn {ja}fcn fhmus}rfna {nrn an orn mo anlajbnafyncfh an Cjdfsfh Ourj{on efhnafyn oa fnio moaaolnmn n uhn huon {ja}fcn fhmus}rfna vn mo cjr}o hjsjaj `jrfyjh}na! sfhj }ndbfh or}fcna Cjh os}o jbio}fj!an Cjdfsfh Ourj{on ronafyn oa sflufoh}o {anh}ondfoh$}j9 Oh os}n orn mo uhn fh}ohsfefcnmn lajbnafyncfh! oacjhco{}j mo soc}jros o fhmus}rfns hncfjhnaos `n ~uo$mnmj jbsjao}j An cjjrmfhncfh n hfoa ourj{oj mo ansmfs}fh}ns {ja}fcns hncfjhnaos os hocosnrfn Ourj{n ho$cosf}n uh huoj ohej~uo ~uo nbjrmo }jmn an cnmohnmo najr fhmus}rfna mosmo ans fhernos}ruc}urns v ans dn}o$rfns {rfdns `ns}n ajs sorfcfjs {js}oh}n [rjdjor ancroncfh v oa crocfdfoh}j mo ans {o~uons v domfnhnsod{rosns mobo sor uh {uh}j cano mo an nccfh mo an{ja}fcn fhmus}rfna Sjaj uhn {ja}fcn fhmus}rfna n hfoa ourj$

{oj ~uo nbjrmo an cjd{o}f}ffmnm v an sjs}ohfbfafmnm{uomo lohornr uhn dnsn cr}fcn mo cndbfj v cjjrmf$hncfh hocosnrfjs {nrn oa pf}j

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7/13


Oh {nr}fcuanr! an Cjdfsfh Ourj{on {rj{jho nbjrmnrajs sflufoh}os ns{oc}js9

_hn huon v op{acf}n aolfsancfh jrfoh}nmn n ancjd{o}f}ffmnm

_h ro{nsj mo an aolfsancfh opfs}oh}o {nrn cjd${rjbnr sf {umforn os}nr romucfohmj an cjd{o}f}ffmnmnc}una mo ans od{rosns ourj{ons

Nvumns n ans [VDO n nccomor na crmf}j v n anfh}orhncfjhnafyncfh

_hn os}rn}olfn mo ejr}naocfdfoh}j mo an os}nhmnrf$yncfh ourj{on

_hn {ja}fcn mo fhernos}ruc}urns jrfoh}nmn n andoijrn mo an cjd{o}f}ffmnm

_hn huon os}rn}olfn n mos{aolnr sjbro ans dn}o$

rfns {rfdns

Nbjrmnr nccfjhos os{ocefcns oh soc}jros os{oc$efcjs cjdj ajs mo enbrfcncfh mo na}j najr nnmfmj!cjhs}ruccfh! bfjcjdbus}fbaos v }rnhs{jr}o eorrjfnrfj!oh}ro j}rjs! cjh fs}ns n doijrnr su oefcfohcfn Ajs ro}jsmo ajs soc}jros fh}ohsfjs oh ohorln sorh nbjrmn$mjs n }rns mo an doijrn mo sus os}ruc}urns fhhjn$mjrns

Nmods! an Cjdfsfh Ourj{on mosnrrjaanr uhn {j$a}fcn fhmus}rfna moa os{ncfj op}orfjr ~uo {ordf}n an cron$cfh mo uhn safmn bnso fhmus}rfna ~uo cubrn }jmn ancnmohn mo sudfhfs}rj

Os}n cjduhfcncfh! nbjrmn mo uhn dnhorn canrn aj~uo vn duc`js {ohsnbnh oh oa soh}fmj! mo ~uo an ao$lfsancfh ourj{on oh naluhjs ns{oc}js hj saj nudoh$}n! sfhj mfsdfhuvo an cjd{o}f}ffmnm mo ans od{ro$sns [nrn oaaj cjh}fhun cjh an {ja}fcn mo doijrn moans fhernos}ruc}urns ~uo encfaf}o ans nc}ffmnmos od${rosnrfnaos! v oh}rn mo aaohj oh }odns cjdj an los$}fh mo ans dn}orfns {rfdns! duc`ns mo ans cunaos os$cnsonh oh an _hfh Ourj{on! n an oy ~uo {rj{jhonbfor}ndoh}o {ja}fcns soc}jrfnaos fh}ohsfns! oh os${ocfna oh naluhjs soc}jros mo na}j cjhsudj ohorl$}fcj! v mocanrn an hocosfmnm mo mfs{jhor oh Ourj{n

mo uh soc}jr od{rosnrfna fh}olrna oh oa cnd{j moaos{ncfj! ~uo mo uhn oy {jr }jmns romuycn sus}nh$cfnadoh}o su mo{ohmohcfn mo j}rns {j}ohcfns op}o$rfjros n an _hfh Ourj{on

Hj jbs}nh}o! oh huos}rn j{fhfh! an fhfcfn}fn oh bs$~uomn mo uhn cjjrmfhncfh n hfoa ourj{oj oh os}ocnd{j aaoln }nrmo oh oa doijr mo ajs cnsjs! {uos`jv {jr `jv sjh ajs ljbforhjs mo ajs mfeoroh}os Os$}nmjs dfodbrjs ajs ~uo os}h jrfoh}nhmj v! oh nalu$hjs cnsjs! mfrflfohmj an {ja}fcn fhmus}rfna mo sus ros${oc}fjs {nsos Ans a}fdns op{orfohcfns ffmns ohOurj{n oh an rocfoh}o crfsfs ocjhdfcn sjh uh canrjoiod{aj moa oiorcfcfj mo {ja}fcns hncfjhnaos ~uo

`nh {roscfhmfmj moa cjh}op}j ourj{oj! cjdj `n sfmjoa cnsj moa soc}jr moa nu}jdfa oh {nsos cjdj Nao$dnhfn v Ernhcfn

An {ja}fcn fhmus}rfna oh Ernhcfn

An {ja}fcn fhmus}rfna ernhcosn mosmo oa efhna mo an So$luhmn Luorrn Duhmfna `ns}n an nc}unafmnm `n }ohfmjcun}rj {orjmjs mfeorohcfnmjs! roeaoij moa cjh}op}j ocj$hdfcj v {ja}fcj ~uo fd{ornbn cnmn uhj mo oaajs An

{jcn fhdomfn}ndoh}o {js}orfjr n an luorrn os uh{orjmj mo rocjhs}ruccfh v crocfdfoh}j! oh oa cuna an{ja}fcn fhmus}rfna os ronafynmn cjh an nc}fn fh}oroh$cfh moa Os}nmj! ~uo jrmohn an mfroccfh mo ajs mfeo$roh}os soc}jros fhmus}rfnaos Cunhmj an ocjhjdn ernh$cosn cjdfohyn su mosroluancfh n {nr}fr moa nj >6


8/13


cjdj oaoc}rhfcn (]`jd{sjh$Brnhm&! nu}jdfa ([ou$loj}$Cf}rjoh& j {o}raoj (OAE$N~uf}nhfo& ~uo cjhaaonan n{nrfcfh mo lrnhmos od{rosns v oa hncfdfoh}jmo an {ja}fcn mo {rjdjcfh mo ajs aandnmjs cnd${ojhos hncfjhnaos ([js}oa$Ufhnv! 2;;=7 Cjòh! 2;;! an fh}orohcfh mfroc}n oh an ocjhjdn os mohuoj {rnc}fcnmn! cjh an {uos}n oh dnrc`n mo uhn{ja}fcn mo fhorsfjhos oh oa soc}jr {bafcj efhnhcfn$mn {jr ajs {rosu{uos}js lohornaos moa Os}nmj v {jrajs bnhcjs rocfh hncfjhnafynmjs _h {rjlrndn mohncfjhnafyncfjhos ~uo }foho aulnr oh}ro >60> v >602!v ~uo neoc}n n cfhcj lrnhmos lru{js fhmus}rfnaos mf$orsfefcnmjs! }rofh}n v sofs bnhcjs cjdorcfnaos v mjslrnhmos cjd{nns efhnhcforns! {ordf}o na Os}nmjernhcs cjh}rjanr an cnsf }j}nafmnm mo ajs soc}jros moohorln! }rnhs{jr}o v cjduhfcncfjhos! fhmus}rfns ca$sfcns v mo {uh}n! ns cjdj an bnhcn

Oa Os}nmj djmfefcn oa {ordo}rj mo nc}ffmnm mo ajs

lru{js ~uo hncfjhnafyn! ajs rocn{f}nafyn v enjroco ansj{orncfjhos mo roos}ruc}urncfh oh ajs soc}jros cjhsjbrocn{ncfmnm! oanbjrn {anhos soc}jrfnaos ohcndf$hnmjs n enjrocor soc}jros oh mfefcua}nmos! v cronhuojs fhs}rudoh}js mo nvumn efhnhcforn n ans od{ro$sns Hj jbs}nh}o! sjandoh}o mjs njs mos{us! oh oanj >603! os}n huon {ja}fcn mo mfrflfsdj fhmus}rfna}foho ~uo sor nbnhmjhnmn cjdj cjhsocuohcfn moananrdnh}o crocfdfoh}j moa mefcf} {bafcj ernhcs v moa{rjlrosfj mo}orfjrj mo an bnanhyn cjdorcfna op}orfjr([js}oa$Ufhnv! 2;;=7 Cjòh 2;;605! oaOs}nmj so odbnrcn oh uh {rjcosj mo {rfn}fyncfhmo od{rosns {bafcns v {rjduoo! oh lohorna! an

doijrn mo ans cjhmfcfjhos ~uo {ordf}nh oa {rjlrosjv crocfdfoh}j mo an fhfcfn}fn {rfnmn [nrnaoandoh}o!ans nvumns soc}jrfnaos sjh romucfmns oh bohoefcfj mo

an {rjdjcfh mo an fhos}flncfh v an fhhjncfh! moans {o~uons v domfnhns od{rosns! v moa mosnrrjaajrolfjhna An {ja}fcn mo n{jvj n ans [VDOS os moscoh$}rnafynmn ncfn os}ruc}urns rolfjhnaos v ajcnaos ronlru${nmns naromomjr mo uhjs huojs fhs}rudoh}js aandn$mjs MRFRO (Mfroccfjhos Rolfjhnaos mo an Fhmus}rfn o Fh$

os}flncfh&! v so cronh ajs {rjlrndns Os}nmj$Rolfhjrfoh}nmjs na mosnrrjaaj moscoh}rnafynmj mo ans mfeoroh$}os rolfjhos ernhcosns ([js}oa$Ufhnv! 2;;=7 Cjòh 2;;662; 30> 8Of


9/13


mo cnrc}or soc}jrfna Oa {rj{fj [rosfmoh}o mo an Ro${bafcn mocanr oa = mo dnryj mo 2;>; ~uo uh {ns~uo hj }foho fhmus}rfn hj }foho hnmn ~uo ohmor vncnbnr mos{nrocfohmj! cjh aj ~uo do j{jhlj n anfmon mo ~uo cjhfoho mnr {rfjrfmnm n ajs sorfcfjs o frnbnhmjhnhmj an fhmus}rfn

An {nr}fcf{ncfh mo an fhmus}rfn ernhcosn oh oa [FB oh2;;6 os moa jrmoh moa >5/! v oa {rosfmoh}o `n dnr$cnmj uh jbio}fj {nrn ~uo os}n cfern so fhcrodoh}ooh uh 2?/ oh ajs {rpfdjs cfhcj njs `ns}n aaolnr na2;/ Oh}ro ans domfmns ~uo so nh n aaonr n cnbj soohcuoh}rnh oa mfsoj mo uh cjhiuh}j mo {ja}fcns soc$}jrfnaos cjdj {rfjrf}nrfns! oh}ro ans cunaos so ohcuoh$}rnh ans fhmus}rfns moa nu}jdfa! norjhu}fcn! os{n$cfna! bfjdnsn! ohorlns rohjnbaos v hnhj}ochjajln!`ncfohmj naor an {nr}fcf{ncfh ~uo oa Os}nmj ernh$cs }foho oh os}ns fhmus}rfns cjh oa jbio}fj mo fheaufrnc}fndoh}o oh sus {ja}fcns mo od{aoj! fhos}fln$cfh v subcjh}rn}ncfh! buscnhmj uh cfor}j {n}rfj$}fsdj fhmus}rfna ~uo ejdoh}o oa nudoh}j mo an bnsofhmus}rfna nc}una Nmods! so nh dnrcnmj cun}rj jb$io}fjs nmfcfjhnaos mo {ja}fcn fhmus}rfna9 }rf{afcnr ajs cr$mf}js efscnaos n F'M7 {rjdjcfjhnr ajs [jajs mo Cjd{o$}f}ffmnm7 cjhsornr oa cjh}rja mo ans od{rosns ernh$cosns7 v cronr mfoy nlohcfns rolfjhnaos mo rofhmus$}rfnafyncfh cjh oa jbio}j mo cjjrmfhnr }jmjs ajs {rj$lrndns {uos}js oh dnrc`n

AN [JA]FCN FHM_S]RFNA OH OS[NN(NH]OCOMOH]OS V E_]_RJ

Ojaucfh mo an {ja}fcn fhmus}rfna

Ajs cjdfohyjs mo uhn nccfh mo {ja}fcn fhmus}rfna ohOs{nn {uomoh sf}unrso mos{us mo an Luorrn Cffa! do$mfnh}o an croncfh moa Fhs}f}u}j Hncfjhna mo Fhmus}rfn(FHF& oh >6=>! ~uo dnrcnrn ans {nu}ns moa mosnrrjaajfhmus}rfna oh Os{nn

Oh an mcnmn mo ajs njs =;! oa rocfh euhmnmj FHF cron$rn od{rosns ~uo }ohmrnh uhn lrnh fd{jr}nhcfn {nrnan fhmus}rfn os{njan! cjdj OHSFMOSN (Od{rosn Hncfj$hna Sfmorrlfcn Sjcfomnm Nhhfdn&! RO[OSN (Roefho$rn mo [o}raoj mo Oscjdbrorns! SN& v SON] (Sjcfo$mnm Os{njan mo Nu}jdfaos mo ]urfsdj& Ajs njs?; sorh an mcnmn moa eajrocfdfoh}j mo an fhorsfh{bafcn os{njan! cjh oa ohcnrlj mo {rjdjor an fh$mus}rfn n cjs}n mo uhn euor}o mfsdfhucfh mo an fhor$sfh {rfnmn! v mo uh {rj}occfjhfsdj eroh}o na op}o$rfjr! ~uo aaonrn n Os{nn n uhn sf}uncfh ocjhdf$cn fhsjs}ohfbao

Cjh oa n{jvj moa Ejhmj Djho}nrfj Fh}orhncfjhna! oaBnhcj Duhmfna v an JCMO so mfson v oiocu}n n efhn$aos mo osn mcnmn oa [anh mo Os}nbfafyncfh v ajs [anhosmo Mosnrrjaaj! ~uo su{usforjh uh cndbfj rnmfcna {nrnan ocjhjdn os{njan na cjdohynr n n{afcnrso {ja$

}fcns mo afbornafyncfh ocjhdfcn v mo dnvjr jr}j$mjpfn efhnhcforn Cjdj rosua}nmj! an roh}n {or c{f$}n so mjbanrn oh an mcnmn mo ajs 5; v an ejrdncfh

bru}n mo cn{f}na so }rf{afcnrn! aaolnhmj an fhmus}rfn nro{rosoh}nr uh 30/ moa [FB os{nja na efhna mo ajs 5;

Oh os}n mcnmn so cronh ajs [jajs mo Mosnrrjaaj! nscjdj an nccfh cjhcor}nmn oh}ro oa soc}jr {bafcj voa {rfnmj Hj jbs}nh}o! an fhfcfn}fn {rfnmn cjdfohyn

n }jdnr {rj}nljhfsdj! rosorhmjso oa FHF uh {n{oads cjd{aodoh}nrfj! jrfoh}nmj n cjd{ao}nr an fhfcfn$}fn {rfnmn! naa mjhmo s}n hj son suefcfoh}odoh}oroh}nbao (Os{fhjsn mo ajs Djh}orjs v Bjco}n! 2;;?&

Oh ajs njs 6 so n{ruobn oa mocro}j mo RocjhorsfhFhmus}rfna v so fhfcfnh ajs {anhos mo rocjhorsfh soc}j$

rfnaos ~uo so holjcfnh oh}ro oa ljbforhj! sfhmfcn}js v{n}rjhnaos So cjh}od{anh nvumns efhnhcforns! nnaos{bafcjs! fhcoh}fjs efscnaos v domfmns mo n{jvj anbj$rnaos jrfoh}nmns n an romuccfh mo oeoc}fjs domfnh}oiubfancfjhos nh}fcf{nmns v bnins fhcoh}fnmns9 an rocjh$orsfh so n{afcn n soc}jros v od{rosns! cjh uh cjs}osjbro oa od{aoj su{orfjr n 2?;;;; {orsjhns

[nrn {nafnr os}n sf}uncfh so cjhs}f}uvorjh fhs}rudoh$}js mo n{jvj n ans od{rosns cjdj oa Coh}rj {nrnoa Mosnrrjaaj ]ochjalfcj Fhmus}rfna (CM]F&! oa Fhs}f}u}jmo an Domfnhn v [o~uon Od{rosn Fhmus}rfna (FD[F& vajs {rfdorjs [anhos Hncfjhnaos mo F'M Oa cjs}o mo anrocjhorsfh so os}fd oh >;;;; dfaajhos mo ourjs

mo n~uoaan {jcn! v so }ordfhn an mcnmn cjh uh{osj mo an fhmus}rfn mo uh 2?/ moa [FB (Os{fhjsn moajs Djh}orjs v Bjco}n! 2;;?&

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An mcnmn mo ajs 6; oiorco mjs oeoc}js cjh}rn{uos$}js sjbro oa }oifmj fhmus}rfna os{nja [jr uhn {nr}o! anoh}rnmn oh an Cjduhfmnm Ocjhdfcn Ourj{on oior$co uh oeoc}j }rnc}jr sjbro ans od{rosns os{njans~uo cjdfohynh {jr efh uhn enso mo fh}orhncfjhnafyn$cfh! cjhsocuohcfn moa rocfh nm~ufrfmj moroc`j na

nccosj afbro mo {rjmuc}js os{njaos n ajs dorcn$mjs ourj{ojs [orj! mosmo oa {uh}j mo fs}n mo {ja}f$cn fhmus}rfna! ans rolans moa dorcnmj ourj{oj fd{jhohros}rfccfjhos n ans domfmns }rnmfcfjhnaos mo n{jvj nans od{rosns! ns{oc}j ~uo }rnorn cjdj rosua}nmj uhnromuccfh nmfcfjhna mo an bnso fhmus}rfna os{njan

N {nr}fr mo oh}jhcos! ans domfmns mo {ja}fcn fhmus$}rfna so roaninh v sjh jrfoh}nmns n an doijrn lohornaf$ynmn mo an cjd{o}f}ffmnm mo ans od{rosns domfnh$}o {rjlrndns `jrfyjh}naos mo n{jvj n an F'M cjh an{uos}n oh dnrc`n moa [anh mo Nc}uncfh ]ochjalfcnFhmus}rfna ([N]F&! mo fh}orhncfjhnafyncfh cjh an cron$cfh moa Fhs}f}u}j mo Cjdorcfj Op}orfjr (FCOP&! mo cnaf$mnm! mo n{jvj n ans [VDO! v mo n{jvj n ans rolfj$hos n }rns mo ajs {rjlrndns EOMOR [orj n efhnaosmo os}n mcnmn an fhmus}rfn sfluo ro}rjcomfohmj v na$cnhyn oa 2;/ moa [FB

An {rfdorn mcnmn moa huoj sflaj cjh}od{an uh os$euoryj {jr {nr}o mo ajs mfeoroh}os ljbforhjs oh n{af$cnr hudorjsjs fhs}rudoh}js mo n{jvj n an F'M moans od{rosns cjdj ajs [rjlrndns mo Ejdoh}j mo anFhos}flncfh ]chfcn ([RJEF]&! ajs [rjlrndns {nrn oaMosnrrjaaj mo an Sjcfomnm mo an Fhejrdncfh (NUNH$YN& v ajs [rjlrndns {nrn Cjhsjrcfjs Os}rn}lfcjs Hn$cfjhnaos oh Fhos}flncfh ]chfcn (COHF]& Fhcausj so

cron oh mjs aolfsan}urns na}orhn}fns uh Dfhfs}orfj moF'M oscfhmfmj moa }rnmfcfjhna moa rndj (oa Dfhfs}orfj moFhmus}rfn&! cjh jbio}j mo ejcnafynr oa oseuoryj fhhj$nmjr mo ajs mfeoroh}os ljbforhjs

Sfh odbnrlj! os j}rn mcnmn ds mo ro}rjcosj fh$mus}rfna vn ~uo ans rocfoh}os os}fdncfjhos moa {rj{fjDfhfs}orfj mo Fhmus}rfn sf}nh an cjh}rfbucfh mo anfhmus}rfn os{njan na [FB oh oa >?!>/! os mocfr! uh ?/dohjs ~uo oh an mcnmn nh}orfjr [jr oa cjh}rnrfj! ancjhs}ruccfh ~uo n efhnaos mo ajs njs 6; ro{rosoh$}nbn uh /! sus}f}uvohmj na}oifmj fhmus}rfna ~uo so `n fmj {ormfohmj Ajs hoens$}js rosua}nmjs mo os}o cndbfj mo dfp fhmus}rfna sjhcjhjcfmjs v hj sjh jbio}fj mo os}o }rnbnij

_hn huon {ja}fcn fhmus}rfna oh Os{nn:

Oa Dfhfs}orfj mo Fhmus}rfn! cjhscfoh}o mo os}n {rjbao$d}fcn! `n anhynmj oh mfcfodbro mo 2;>; uh [anhFh}olrna mo [ja}fcn Fhmus}rfna 2;2; ([FH 2;2;& {js}o$rfjrdoh}o n{rjbnmj {jr oa Cjhsoij mo Dfhfs}rjs oa 3>mo Iuafj mo 2;>>! cuvjs jbio}fjs {rfhcf{naos so coh$}rnh oh nbjrmnr ans mobfafmnmos os}ruc}urnaos mo an fh$mus}rfn os{njan {nrn roanhynran! dnrchmjso cjdj

jbio}fj cunh}f}n}fj ~uo oh cfhcj njs an n{jr}n$cfh mo an fhmus}rfn os{njan na [FB {nso moa >?/ na>0/

An jrfoh}ncfh mo os}o huoj {anh }foho mjs {nrdo$}rjs9 oa {rfdorj os ~uo an fhmus}rfn rocu{orn {rj}nljhfs$dj cjdj dj}jr mo crocfdfoh}j v lohornmjr mo od${aoj! v oa soluhmj os ~uo oa ohej~uo sor lajbna v}rnhsorsna Ajs jbio}fjs os}rn}lfcjs lohornaos moa [FH2;2; sjh ajs sflufoh}os9

Djmorhfynr oa djmoaj mo crocfdfoh}j mo huos}rnocjhjdn (`ncfn uh djmoaj bnsnmj oh an fhhjn$cfh! oa doijr usj mo ajs rocursjs v oa cjhjcfdfoh}j&

Nudoh}nr oa {osj moa soc}jr fhmus}rfna oh an nc}ff$mnm ocjhdfcn

Nudoh}nr an cjd{o}f}ffmnm mo an fhmus}rfn os{n$jan

Nafhonr an {ja}fcn fhmus}rfna os{njan cjh an ourj{on

Hj jbs}nh}o! cjh oa efh mo ~uo an cunh}fefcncfh moajs jbio}fjs v su roeaoij {rosu{uos}nrfj }ohlnh uhndnvjr cjhcrocfh! v ajs su{uos}js v {rjvoccfjhosoh ajs ~uo so bnsoh }ohlnh uhn dnvjr efnbf afmnm! ansnc}uncfjhos os{ocefcns so `nh ejrduanmj cjh uh`jrfyjh}o mo cfhcj njs! oh aj ~uo so n mohjdfhn$mj [anh Fh}olrna mo Nccfh 2;>?

[nrn cjhsolufr os}js jbio}fjs os}rn}lfcjs! n an fs}nmo ans mobfafmnmos fmoh}fefcnmns oh oa n{nr}nmj so$luhmj! an huon {ja}fcn fhmus}rfna so nr}fcuan oh }jrhjn cfhcj oios {rfjrf}nrfjs9

Doijrnr an cjd{o}f}ffmnm mo an fhmus}rfn Ans mfs}fh$

}ns nc}uncfjhos moa [FH 2;2; {nrn doijrnr an cjd${o}f}ffmnm mo an fhmus}rfn os{njan so coh}rnh oh}ros dbf}js9 ajs mo}ordfhnh}os mo ajs cjs}os mo {rj$muccfh! ajs mo}ordfhnh}os mo an {rjmuc}ffmnm v oadnrcj fhs}f}ucfjhna Oh oa dbf}j mo ajs cjs}os mo{rjmuccfh! ans nc}uncfjhos os}h jrfoh}nmns n na$cnhynr uhjs cjs}os anbjrnaos uhf}nrfjs mo an nc}ff$mnm dnhuenc}urorn os{njan oh 2;2; flunaos j fh$eorfjros n ajs moa {rjdomfj mo an yjhn ourj! v cjhor$lor cjh an domfn mo an _hfh Ourj{on oh oefcfohcfnohorl}fcn oh 2;2; Mosmo oa anmj mo an {rjmuc}ff$mnm mos}ncnh ans nc}uncfjhos jrfoh}nmns na ejdoh$}j mo ans }chfcns mo jrlnhfyncfh v los}fh! ns cjdjajs os~uodns mo ejrdncfh v cunafefcncfh moa {or$sjhna! oa n{jvj oh oa usj mo ans ]FC v an doijrn moans fhernos}ruc}urns v sorfcfjs ajls}fcjs v mo }rnhs{jr$}o! v ans fhernos}ruc}urns ohorl}fcns

[jr a}fdj! mosmo oa dnrcj fhs}f}ucfjhna mos}ncnh ansdomfmns mo cnrc}or efscna jrfoh}nmns n fhcoh}fnr anoiocucfh mo F'M'F mo ans od{rosns v an nc}fncfhmo ans cjd{rns {bafcns n }rns mo }ros ns euhmn$doh}naos9 ans cjd{rns {bafcns mo }ochjajln! oh{nr}fcuanr ans moa Dfhfs}orfj mo Moeohsn7 an cjd{rn{bafcn fhhjnmjrn7 v an cjhsfmorncfh mo an cjd${rn {bafcn cjdj oaodoh}j mo fsfbfafmnm mo ajs{rjmuc}js os{njaos mo cnafmnm

Ejdoh}nr an fhhjncfh v an F'M An fhhjncfhcjhs}f}uvo uh domfj mo os{ocfna roaonhcfn {nrn nso$

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lurnr an cjd{o}f}ffmnm mo an fhmus}rfn Oh rocjhjcf$dfoh}j mo os}n fd{jr}nhcfn! nmods mo cjhs}f}ufruh oio os{ocefcj mo nc}uncfh oh oa [FH2;2;! oa lj$bforhj n{rjb oh 2;>; an Os}rn}olfn Os}n}na mo Fh$hjncfh (O2F& cjh `jrfyjh}o oh oa nj 2;2; Os}n Os$}rn}olfn! cjjrmfhnmn {jr oa Dfhfs}orfj mo Cfohcfn o

Fhhjncfh! cjhs}f}uvo oa dnrcj mo nc}uncfh mo an{ja}fcn moa ljbforhj oh dn}orfn mo fhhjncfh {nrncjh}rfbufr na cndbfj mo djmoaj {rjmuc}fj oh Os{n$n! v su oaodoh}j coh}rna os an }rnhseorohcfn mo cjhj$cfdfoh}j mosmo ajs coh}rjs mo fhos}flncfh `ncfnajs soc}jros {rjmuc}fjs

Os}n Os}rn}olfn so ejrduan oh }jrhj n cfhcj oios os${ocefcjs9 lohorncfh mo uh oh}jrhj {rjcafo n an fhhj$ncfh7 ejdoh}j mo an fhhjncfh mosmo an modnhmn{bafcn7 {rjvoccfh fh}orhncfjhna7 ejr}naocfdfoh}j moan cjj{orncfh }orrf}jrfna7 v cn{f}na udnhj

Oa oio mo fhhjncfh cjh}od{anmj oh oa [FH2;2; nlau$}fhn n~uoaans nc}uncfjhos cjh}od{anmns oh an Os}rn$}olfn Os}n}na mo Fhhjncfh ~uo }fohoh uh fd{nc}jds mfroc}ndoh}o roancfjhnmj cjh an nc}ffmnmfhmus}rfna Oh {nr}fcuanr! `nv ~uo mos}ncnr ans nc}un$cfjhos oh ajs sflufoh}os dbf}js9

Os}duaj n an efhnhcfncfh

Fhhjncfh n }rns mo ans {orsjhns

]rnhseorohcfn v najrfyncfh moa cjhjcfdfoh}j

[rj}occfh mo an {rj{fomnm fhmus}rfna

An cunh}fefcncfh lajbna mo ajs jbio}fjs subvncoh}osoh os}o oio so rosudo oh9 fhcrodoh}nr oh oa nj 2;>?an F'M {rfnmn nhuna (5;;; dfaajhos mo ourjs su{orfjrna nj 2;;6&7 mu{afcnr oh oa {orjmj 2;>;$2;>? oa h$dorj mo od{rosns fhhjnmjrns (nudoh}j mo =;;;;huons od{rosns& v oa od{aoj oh od{rosns mo domfnv na}n }ochjajln (fhcrodoh}j mo domfj dfaah mo od${aojs&7 fhcrodoh}nr oa {osj mo an fhorsfh {rfnmn ohoa lns}j }j}na oh F'M mo ejrdn ~uo oh oa nj 2;2;son fluna na {rjdomfj oh an _hfh Ourj{on (cjdjroeorohcfn! 53/ oh oa nj 2;;? oh}ro ajs jc`j {rfdorjs {nsos ourj{ojscjh dnvjr hdorj mo sjafcf}umos mo {n}oh}os ourj${ons (jcu{ndjs oa {uos}j >> oh 2;>;& v oh}ro ajsmfoy {rfdorjs moa duhmj oh sjafcf}umos fh}orhncfjhn$aos mo {n}oh}os [C]

Ejdoh}nr oa crocfdfoh}j v oa mfhndfsdj mo ans[vdos Ans nc}uncfjhos {nrn ejdoh}nr an croncfhv oa crocfdfoh}j od{rosnrfna cjh}od{anmns oh oa[FH2;2; sjh mo mjs }f{js9 mfrflfmns n fhcoh}fnr oaod{rohmfdfoh}j! an croncfh mo od{rosns v encfaf}nroa nudoh}j mo }ndnj! v mfrflfmns n oafdfhnr bnrro$rns ~uo fd{fmoh j mosfhcoh}fnh oa crocfdfoh}jOh}ro ans {rfdorns mos}ncnh oa n{jvj na od{rohmf$dfoh}j v an croncfh mo od{rosns! an {rjdjcfh mo

{anhos mo op{nhsfh! oa n{jvj n ans nm~ufsfcfjhos veusfjhos o fh}olrncfh cjj{orn}fn! v oa ejdoh}j moncuormjs cjj{orn}fjs j nafnhyns cjh }orcorjs

An cunh}fefcncfh lajbna mo ajs jbio}fjs subvncoh$}os oh os}o oio os an sflufoh}o9 fhcrodoh}nr oh >!>/oa {jrcoh}nio mo od{rosns domfnhns oh an fhmus}rfnos{njan oh 2;2;! aj ~uo fd{afcn nacnhynr oa {jrcoh}n$io jbsornmj oh an nc}unafmnm oh an _hfh Ourj{on! osmocfr! uh =/

Enjrocor an jrfoh}ncfh mo ans od{rosns n ajsdorcnmjs fh}orhncfjhnaos An cnmn mo an modnh$mn os{njan `n sfmj dnvjr ~uo an mo an dnvjrn moajs {nsos oh mosnrrjaaj j fhmus}rfnafynmjs v su rocu{o$rncfh os duv {rjbnbao ~uo son ds aoh}n Nmods!fhcausj uhn oy rocu{ornmn an modnhmn! os {jsfbao~uo murnh}o nalh }fod{j hj nacnhco oa euor}o rf}djrolfs}rnmj oh ajs njs {rofjs n an crfsfs! aj ~uo `nco~uo oa dnvjr {j}ohcfna mo crocfdfoh}j {nrn huos}rnfhmus}rfn so ohcuoh}ro oh ajs dorcnmjs op}orfjros

Os! {jr }nh}j! euhmndoh}na ncjd{nnr n ans od{rosnsoh su rojrfoh}ncfh os}rn}lfcn `ncfn oa op}orfjr! hj sajn huos}rns lrnhmos od{rosns! sfhj oh os{ocfna n ans {o$~uons v domfnhns od{rosns! {nrn ans ~uo oa oseuor$yj ~uo osn rojrfoh}ncfh cjhaaon os {rj{jrcfjhna$doh}o dnvjr Ajs dbf}js mo nc}uncfh ds roaonh$}os fhcjr{jrnmjs oh os}o oio sjh ajs sflufoh}os9

Ejrdncfh {nrn an op{jr}ncfh

N{jvj oh an fmoh}fefcncfh v {oho}rncfh mo huo$js dorcnmjs

Fhcrodoh}j mo an bnso op{jr}nmjrn

N{jvj efhnhcforj n an op{jr}ncfh

[rjdjcfh v cn{f}nafyncfh mo }rn}nmjs cjdorcfnaos

An cunh}fefcncfh lajbna mo ajs jbio}fjs subvncoh$}os oh os}o oio os an sflufoh}o9 nudoh}nr an fh}ohsf$mnm op{jr}nmjrn `ns}n nacnhynr oh 2;2; ajs fhmfcn$mjros mo an yjhn ourj oh 2;;67 v mforsfefcnr ajs dor$cnmjs mo op{jr}ncfh! oh {nr}fcuanr nudoh}nr ansop{jr}ncfjhos euorn mo an _hfh Ourj{on (nudoh}nr`ns}n oa ?;/ {nrn oa nj 2;2;& Oh os}o soh}fmj! ajsdorcnmjs an}fhjs {jr an corcnhn cua}urna! ajs nsf}f$cjs {jr oa mfhndfsdj {j}ohcfna mo su modnhmn verfcn {jr su corcnhn sjh dorcnmjs oh ajs ~uo `nvduc`j dnrloh {nrn crocor oh op{jr}ncfh

Roejrynr ajs soc}jros os}rn}lfcjs N os}js oeoc}js!oh oa [FH2;2; so cjhsfmornh soc}jros os}rn}lfcjsn~uoaajs ~uo }fohoh uh dnvjr {j}ohcfna mo crocfdfoh$}j! uhn dnvjr cn{ncfmnm mo nrrns}ro sjbro an fhmus$}rfn v uhn canrn jrfoh}ncfh n an op{jr}ncfh Oh cjh$cro}j! ajs soc}jros ~uo so fhcauvoh oh os}o oio monc}uncfh sjh9 nu}jdjcfh! norjos{ncfna! bfj}oc$hjajln! nlrjnafdoh}ncfh! ]FC v cjh}ohfmjs mflf}n$aos! ohorlns rohjnbaos v oefcfohcfn ohorl}fcn! v anfhmus}rfn jrfoh}nmn n an {rj}occfh domfjndbfoh}na

Oa n{jvj os{ocefcj n os}js soc}jros mobo cjh}rfbufr nuh crocfdfoh}j ds r{fmj mo an {rjmuccfh v moa od${aoj oh ajs dfsdjs [nrn oa nj 2;2; su {osj sjbro oa

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}j}na mo {rjmuccfh v mo od{aoj oh an fhmus}rfnmobo sor moa =;/ moa }j}na mo an fhmus}rfn {nrn oaod{aoj v oa ==/ {nrn an cfern mo holjcfjs! {jr ohcf$dn moa 35!0/ moa od{aoj mo an fhmus}rfn v oa 3==/mo su cfern mo holjcfjs nc}unadoh}o

ROEAOPFJHOS EFHNAOS

An crfsfs mo ajs a}fdjs njs hjs `n ohsonmj! oh}roj}rns cjsns! ~uo ajs {nsos v ans rolfjhos cjh uhn buo$hn bnso fhmus}rfna `nh rosfs}fmj sus oeoc}js sus}nhcfna$doh}o doijr ~uo ajs ~uo hj mfs{jhnh mo sodoinh}ooh}nin! cjdj os oa cnsj mo Os{nn Nmods! cnmnoy os dnvjr an {rosfh n an ~uo os} sfohmj sjdo}fmnhuos}rn fhmus}rfn (v moa ros}j mo {nsos ourj{ojs& mosmooa op}orfjr! {rfhcf{nadoh}o mosmo {nsos odorloh}oscjdj C fhn j Cjron moa Sur! aj ~uo fd{afcn rocjhj$cor ~uo oa mosnej fhmus}rfna na ~uo hjs oheroh}ndjs os

ohjrdoOh oa cnsj ernhcs! nuh~uo oh }rdfhjs roan}fjs oa{osj mo an fhmus}rfn oh su ocjhjdn os cjd{nrnbaona mo an os{njan (>5/ eroh}o na >?!>/ oh Os{nn&! oh}rdfhjs nbsjau}js os cnsf oa mjbao [orj nmods! vos}j os duv fd{jr}nh}o mo cnrn n su sjs}ohfbfafmnm!os} bfoh mforsfefcnmn v nbjrmn mfeoroh}os soc}jroscjdj oa nu}jdfa! ~udfcn! norjos{ncfna! bfohos moo~uf{j! ohorln! eorrjcnrrfa! norjhu}fcn! moeohsn! cj$duhfcncfjhos! o}c! }jmjs oaajs mfs{jhfohmj mo uhnbuohn bnso mo {rjmuc}js v sfh mo{ohmohcfns }ochj$alfcns op}orhns

Sjh {jcjs ajs soc}jros cjh na}j cjh}ohfmj }ochja$lfcj mjhmo Ernhcfn hj }ohln uhn bnso {rj{fn! sfoh$mj ~ufys an fhmus}rfn fhejrd}fcn an ~uo so ao `nrosfs}fmj ds (n {osnr moa lrnh n{jvj {bafcj rocfbf$mj {jr od{rosns cjdj Buaa! Ernhcfn hj os `jv ohmn uh amor oh os}o soc}jr& [jr j}rn {nr}o! an fh}ohsf$mnm op{jr}nmjrn mo an fhmus}rfn ernhcosn oh roancfhcjh su [FB os moa jrmoh moa 20/ eroh}o na >?!?/ ohoa cnsj os{nja! aj ~uo fhmfcn uhn lrnh jcncfhop{jr}nmjrn v duos}rn! sfh mumn! su cjd{o}f}ffmnmfh}orhncfjhna

[jr oa cjh}rnrfj! oh oa cnsj os{nja! nmods mo uhn

n{jr}ncfh {o~uon v oh {ordnhoh}o moscohsj na[FB mo an fhmus}rfn! oa cjh}ohfmj }ochjalfcj mo osnbnso fhmus}rfna v su fh}ohsfmnm op{jr}nmjrn sjh bns$}nh}o romucfmjs Oh oa }rnsejhmj mo os}ns cferns sub$vnco uh òc`j euhmndoh}na ~uo ans os}nms}fcns hjduos}rnh! v os ~uo uhn buohn {nr}o mo ajs soc}jrosmo cfor}j hfoa }ochjalfcj ~uo cjd{jhoh an fhmus$}rfn os{njan hj {jsooh }ochjajln j {n}oh}os {rj${fns mosnrrjaanmns oh Os{nn! sfhj ~uo ros{jhmoh nos}ruc}urns fhmus}rfnaos mo }f}uanrfmnm op}rnhiorn mocuvjs lru{js dn}rfcos jb}fohoh an }ochjajln hoco$snrfn {nrn su {rjmuccfh oh Os{nn

Oa cnsj ds sflhfefcn}fj os oa moa soc}jr moa nu}jd$

fa ({rfdor soc}jr op{jr}nmjr v soluhmj soc}jr fhmus$}rfna hncfjhna&! oh oa ~uo Os{nn os oa s{}fdj {rj$muc}jr duhmfna mo}rs mo Os}nmjs _hfmjs! Naodnhfn!

Ernhcfn! Cjron moa Sur! In{h v C`fhn! cjh uhn {rj$muccfh mo cnsf }ros dfaajhos mo o`cuajs oh ajsnjs buohjs mo os}n mcnmn ~uo `n }ordfhnmj[orj mo }jmjs os}js {nsos! os oa hfcj ~uo hj {jsoouhn sjan od{rosn mo cn{f}na hncfjhna ~uo {rjmuy$cn djmoajs mo nu}jdfa cjh su {rj{fn }ochjajln

An {rjmuccfh os{njan mo nu}jdfaos os cjd{n$rnbao oh jaudoh n an mo Ernhcfn! ~uo }foho mjs cjhs$}ruc}jros hncfjhnaos (Rohnua} v [sn$Cf}rjoh&! dfoh}rns~uo F}nafn! ~uo {rjmuco dohjs nu}jdfaos na nj~uo Os{nn! }foho su {rj{fn od{rosn (Efn}& ~uoohlajbn nrfns dnrcns v ~uo hj saj os opf}jsn ohsu dorcnmj ourj{oj hn}urna! sfhj ~uo oh an nc}unaf$mnm os oa dnvjr nccfjhfs}n mo an od{rosn hjr}on$dorfcnhn C`rvsaor

Ans cjhsocuohcfns mo os}n sf}uncfh! }nh}j {nrn oasoc}jr moa nu}jdfa cjdj {nrn oa ros}j mo soc}jrosfhmus}rfnaos ~uo }fohoh uhn na}n mo{ohmohcfn }ochj$alfcn moa op}orfjr! sorh duv holn}fns sjbro }jmj nanrlj {anyj Oh os}o cjh}op}j! su sjs}ohfbfafmnm ocj$hdfcn sor euhcfh cnsf opcausfn mo mjs enc}jros9oa cjs}o mo {rjmuccfh! hjrdnadoh}o aflnmj na cjs}omo an dnhj mo jbrn oh Os{nn! j naluhn hjrdn ro$luanmjrn ~uo ro~uforn ronafynr naluhjs {rjcosjs {rj$muc}fjs ajcnadoh}o! cjdj {uomo sor oa cnsj moasoc}jr enrdncu}fcj! {jr su hocosfmnm mo nmn{}nr$so n ajs usjs v hjrdns {rjdualnmns {jr oa Dfhfs}orfjmo Snhfmnm Hj os mfecfa fdnlfhnr ~uo! oh oa {rfdorcnsj! ans {ors{oc}fns sorh mo ro}rjcosj n anrlj {anyjmo an cn{ncfmnm fhs}nanmn v! oh oa soluhmj (oh oadoijr mo ajs cnsjs&! mo dnh}ohfdfoh}j moa najr nn$

mfmj n{jr}nmj na {rjmuc}j oh Os{nn! nuh~uo cjh}f$hunr dnh}ohfohmj uh snamj cjdorcfna euor}odoh}oholn}fj v crocfoh}o cjh oa op}orfjr

Cjdj cjhsocuohcfn mo os}n {rfdorn roeaopfh!rosua}n hocosnrfj moeohmor ~uo an {ja}fcn fhmus}rfnaaoijs mo sor uh fhs}rudoh}j aflnmj n nh}fluns nc}f}u$mos fh}orohcfjhfs}ns mo ajs ljbforhjs! os `jv oh mnuhn òrrndfoh}n hocosnrfn {nrn an {rjdjcfh moans fhmus}rfns hncfjhnaos Oa {anh}ondfoh}j }rnmfcfj$hna moh}rj mo Ourj{n mo ~uo an fhhjncfh {rjdj$fmn v ronafynmn n }rns mo ajs ros{oc}fjs Sfs}odnsHncfjhnaos mo Fhhjncfh sor an cano moa pf}j mosus fhmus}rfns! nuh sfohmj cfor}j! hj lnrnh}fyn {jr ssjan ~uo }na cjsn sucomn

An fhhjncfh {uomo fd{uasnr ajs fh{u}s }ochjalfcjshocosnrfjs {nrn oa pf}j mo ans fhmus}rfns! {orj hj oscjhmfcfh suefcfoh}o! vn ~uo oa oh}jrhj cjd{o}f}fj fh$}orhncfjhna cuoh}n cjh cjd{o}fmjros! oh os}o cnsj{rjohfoh}os mo {nsos cjdj C fhn! ]nf|h j Cjronmoa Sur! ~uo os}h jb}ohfohmj oh}nins cjd{o}f}fnsdomfnh}o an n{afcncfh sfs}od}fcn {jr {nr}o mo sus lj$bforhjs mo òrrndfoh}ns mo {ja}fcn fhmus}rfna! ~uo aosos}h {ordf}fohmj mosbnhcnr n ajs amoros fhmus}rfnaosjccfmoh}naos od{aonhmj! oh naluhjs cnsjs! fhs}rudoh$}js ~uo oh an _hfh Ourj{on sornh fhcausj faolnaos

Flhjrnr os}n ronafmnm v od{onrso oh {rnc}fcnr! cjdj`n ohfmj rocjdohmnhmj ns}n hj nco duc j }fod$

>2= 30> 8Of


13/13


{j an _hfh Ourj{on! {ja}fcns afbornaos n huos}rns od${rosns v soc}jros! hj sjaj mo cnrn na dorcnmj fh}orfjrsfhj fhcausj mo cnrn n ajs dorcnmjs op}orfjros! od${foyn n sor rocjhjcfmj cjdj uh lrnh orrjr! v `n ohf$mj flhjrnhmj uhn mo ans rocjdohmncfjhos bsfcns~uo cuna~ufor od{rosnrfj j ncnmdfcj `nrn sjbro

an hocosfmnm mo }ohor oh cuoh}n v n{rohmor mo ans{rc}fcns mo an cjd{o}ohcfn n an `jrn mo cjd{o}frHj jbs}nh}o! {nroco ~uo ajs a}fdjs {nsjs mo an Cj$dfsfh Ourj{on cjdfohynh n fr oh an buohn mfroccfh!najrnhmj an fd{jr}nhcfn mo an fhmus}rfn {nrn Ourj{nv an hocosfmnm mo `ncor {ja}fcn fhmus}rfna cjh dn$vscuans

Mosmo oa {uh}j mo fs}n {ja}fcj! v oh cjh}rns}o cjhan moa ljbforhj os{nja! an jcncfh nc}una moa lj$bforhj ernhcs mo `ncor {ja}fcn fhmus}rfna cjh}fhnsfohmj ofmoh}o! v aj `n sfmj cjh dnvjr j dohjrlrnmj mo ncfor}j n aj anrlj mo ans a}fdns mcnmnsOs mosmo an {rj{fn [rosfmohcfn mo an Ro{bafcn! mosmomjhmo so ejrduanh v {rjdjcfjhnh ajs {anhos fhmus$}rfnaos! aj cuna cjh}rns}n cjh uh {anh}ondfoh}j ohOs{nn ronafynmj }rnmfcfjhnadoh}o n hfoa dfhfs}orfna[nrn Ernhcfn an fhmus}rfn os uhn {nr}o euhmndoh}namo an ocjhjdn! {jr aj ~uo ajs mfs}fh}js ljbforhjs!sonh moa sflhj ~uo sonh! ao j}jrlnh sfod{ro uhnna}n {rfjrfmnm oh sus {anhos mo ljbforhj Ajs ns{oc$}js euhmndoh}naos mo mfc`n {ja}fcn }fohoh cnrc}or{ordnhoh}o v hj so oh djmfefcnmjs j fheauohcfn$mjs {jr cndbfjs mo ljbforhj! v dohjs {jr cndbfjsoh ajs o~uf{js dfhfs}orfnaos

[nrn cjd{rohmor os}n nc}f}um! bns}n ro{rjmucfr oa a$

}fdj {rrnej moa mfscursj moa [rosfmoh}o Snrgjyv ron$afynmj oa = mo Dnryj mo 2;>; sjbro oa Os}nmj mo anFhmus}rfn oh Ernhcfn! v ~uo os rooanmjr mo su djmjmo {ohsnr9 rosua}n sjr{rohmoh}o ~uo Ourj{n {rj`$bn oa n{jvj efhnhcforj n sus od{rosns op{jr}nmj$rns! dfoh}rns ~uo sus cjd{o}fmjros nsf}fcjs mos${afolnh efhnhcfncfjhos dnsfns }nh}j oh sus {rj{fjsdorcnmjs cjdj oh ajs dorcnmjs duhmfnaos [ruobohn {omfr na [rosfmoh}o @u Ifh}nj ~uo hj n{jvo n sus{rj{fns od{rosns. Mos{us mo `nbor {ormfmj Ourj{nan cnrrorn fh}orhncfjhna mo ajs bfohos mo cjhsudj!n`jrn so ohcuoh}rn cndfhj mo {ormor an mo ajs lrnh$mos {rjvoc}js fhmus}rfnaos

Hj {jmodjs ds ~uo cjhcaufr ~uo an fhmus}rfn hj `nsfmj uhn {rfjrfmnm mo ajs mfeoroh}os ljbforhjs mo Os{n$n oh ajs a}fdjs njs! v ~uo snaj ~uo so cjd{roh$mn n }jmjs ajs hfoaos! ~uo an fhmus}rfn cjdj sucomooh Ernhcfn! doroco uhn {ja}fcn mo Os}nmj cjd{rj$do}fmn n anrlj {anyj v hj suio}n n djmns {nr}fmfs}ns!an sf}uncfh hj `nr sfhj mo}orfjrnrso {rjlrosfndoh}o`ns}n cjhor}fr n an fhmus}rfn os{njan oh uh cjd{j$hoh}o dnrlfhna moa [FB Sjandoh}o mosmo uhn {ors{oc$}fn mo Os}nmj v hj sjaj mosmo an mo uh Dfhfs}orfj moFhmus}rfn! {jr duv buohns fmons ~uo }ohln! v sjbro anbnso moa anrlj {anyj v hj mo cjvuh}urns {ja}fcns! sor{jsfbao ronafynr os}o jbio}fj oh oa ~uo ans cjduhfmn$

mos fhos}flnmjrn! od{rosnrfna v sjcfna nbrh mo od$

{aonrso n ejhmj sf so ~uforo of}nr oa cjh}fhuj mo}orfj$rj mo huos}rn fhmus}rfn

BFBAFJLRNEN

BOEEN! IA (2;;?&9 [jur uho Hjuoaao [jaf}f~uo Fhmus}rfoaao

Rn{{jr} nu [rsfmoh} mo an R{ubaf~uo Cjaaoc}fjh mos Rn{{jr}s Jeef$cfoas An Mjcudoh}n}fjh Ernhnfso [nrfsC@NHL! @I (2;;=&9 ]ò [jaf}fcna Ocjhjdv je Fhmus}rfna [jafcv

Dncdfaanh AjhmjhCJ@OH! O (2;;3$22;& 5>= BrussoasMJSF! L (>600&9 Fhs}f}u}fjhs nhm dnrgo}s fh n mvhndfc |jram

]ò Dnhcòs}or Sc`jja! ja ?5 (2&! {{ >>6$>=5MJSF! L v GJL_]! B (>663&9 Hn}fjhna s{ocfefcf}fos nhm }ò

cjh}op} je c`nhlo9 }ò cjojau}fjh je jrlnhfyn}fjh nhm }oc`hj$ajlv Oh Gjlu}! B (om&9 Cjuh}rv Cjd{o}f}fohoss( ]oc`hjajlvnhm }ò Jrlnhfyfhl je \jrg Jpejrm _hforsf}v [ross Jpejrm

ENIHYVABOR! E (>66;&9 Fhmus}rfnafyn}fjh fh An}fh Ndorfcn9 erjd}ò bancg bjp }j }ò od{}v bjp Cunmorhjs CO[NA! h 5;!AC*L>?3=$[ Ocjhjdfc Cjddfssfjh ejr An}fh Ndorfcn nhm }òCnrfbbonh (OCANC& _hf}om Hn}fjhs Snh}fnlj mo C`fao

@FMNALJ! N! DJAORJ! I v LRNHMN F (2;;6?; n >65; Huon

ofmohcfn n {nr}fr mo mn}js mo {n}oh}os Ocjhjdn Fhmus}rfna!35?! {{ 2;0 So{}odbor&! mrne}

JCMO (>666&9Bohc dnrgfhl ghj|aomlo$bnsom ocjhjdfos( [nrfs[JSSNS! DA (>665&9 Cjd{o}f}ffmnmo9 en}jros sfs}dfcjs o

[ja}fcn Fhmus}rfna9 fd{afcnos {nrn j Brnsfa Oh Cns}rj! NB![jssns! DA v [rjohn! N (oms&9 Os}rn}lfns Od{rosnrfnfs hnFhms}rfn Brnsfaofrn9 Mfscu}fhmj Dumnhns Ejrohso _hforsf}rfn Rfjmo Inhofrj! Brnsfa

[JS]OA$UFHNV! L (2;;=&9 An [jaf}f~uo Fhmus}rfoaao o} mFhhj$n}fjh9 hjuonup cjh}op}s! hjuonus moefos Jbsorn}jfro mos S}rn}$lfos Fhmus}rfoaaos Dfhfs}ro mo aOcjhjdfo! mos Efhnhcos o} mo aFh$mus}rfo [nrfs

RJMRFG! M (2;;=&9Fhmus}rfna [jafcv ejr }ò ]|oh}v$efrs} Coh}urv@nrnrm _hforsf}v Cndbrfmlo! Dnssncùso}}s

SJA! E (>660&9 Fh}rjmuccfh n an [ja}fcn Fhmus}rfna ]ochja$lfcn oh Ourj{n ]jdj F Omfcfjhos _[C Bnrcoajhn

]@O OCJHJDFS] (2;>;&9 ]ò lajbna rofna je fhmus}rfna {jafcv([fcgfhl |fhhors! snfhl ajsors Nulus} ?}` 2;>; [nrfs

\JRAM BNHG (2;>;&9 2;>; Ajlfs}fcs [orejrdnhco Fhmop(

\ns`fhl}jh MC

30> 8Of >2?

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