UNIT 4

Using Modals

Talking about Habits and Interests

GENERAL OBJECTIVES : Obligation Habits

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES : To describe habits and interests To use modal auxiliaries in talking about obligations and necessities

MODAL

1. Definition

Modal verbs are verbs that are used in

combination with other verbs to

express ability, possibility, permission,

intention and obligation. These verbs

are can, could, may, might, must,

ought, shall, should, will and

would. Need can also act like a modal

verb in certain situations.

   

2. Meanings

* Ability- She can speak Greek.- He can’t handle the responsibility

* PossibilitySpeaking theoretically: - Workers may/can experience fatigue. - I might be ready to leave at four. - We could all be fired someday.

Speaking conditionally:- If we didn’t have all this work, we could all go on holiday.

* CertaintyMaking logical deductions: - They must be finished by now. - I must have left the folder in her office.Fairly certain: - She should be here soon. The report may not be ready on time.

Intention* Making offers: - Shall I help you? I’ll tell her.

* Expressing willingness: - If you will turn to page 12... - Would you let me know?

* Asking for permission: - Can I borrow your stapler? - May I come in? - Might I make a suggestion

The form :+ I/You/He/She/It/

We/They Should go

- I/You/He/She/It/We/They

Shouldn't go

? Should /I/you/he/she/it/we/they

go

short answers :

Yes, I/you/he/she/it/we/they should No, I/you/he/she/it/we/they shouldn’t

The Use of some modals are talking about :

Obligation Strong obligation: To say strongly that something is necessary (must) or unacceptable/not permitted or dangerous (mustn't). example : Staff must report all suspicious activities. I must be going.

You mustn't eat poisonous fruits.

Prohibition:To say a regulation, rules or warning. example : Unauthorized personnel must not enter.

He must wear a uniform every Monday .You mustn’t litter here.

Suggestions: We use should (other modals) and shouldn't to give and ask for advice and make suggestions. example : You should call me.

We should wear formal clothes to the dinner,

He shouldn't be late for meetingsShould I apologize to. him?

Other uses of Modals•The use of should/shouldn't We use should to say that we think something is the right thing to do.Example :

We should do more to protect the environment.

You should always prepare a presentation in advance.

Yes, I think you should.• We often use I think or I don't think with should to say something is or isn't a good idea,Example :

I think you should go on a training course.

I don't think you should interrupt her.Do you think I should learn to speak the

local language?

•The use of Must/Mustn't and Have to/Don’t have to In the affirmative, have to is similar in meaning to mustExample :

You have to/must pay for food in shops,

Compare You don't have to wear a hat in this building

(It isn't necessary, but you can if you want to)  You mustn't wear a hat in this building. (It is unacceptable or wrong to do it.)

Obligation or

Necessity

Mild Obligation or

advice

Absence of obligation or

NecessityHave to Should/

shouldn’tDon’t have to

Must/mustn’t

Talking about habits/daily routines

Adverbs of Frequency are often used to talk about one’s habit/routines :

never, rarely, occasionally, sometimes, oftenusually, always

POSITION : Frequency adverbs usually come before the main verb or after the verb to beo We sometimes eat out.o He is always late.

Sometimes and Occasionally can also come at the beginning or end of a sentence :

o Sometimes I sleep all weekendo I sleep all weekend sometimes

We can also put usually and often at the beginning of a sentence

o Usually/often we go for a run after work

Use the modals to say these situation

Example : A doctor says to a patient who is over weight….. What does the doctor say?

- You must exercise- You must go on a diet

1. Mother is giving advice to her son who is having a test tomorrow.2. A policeman points to a "no parking sign" because he sees a man parking there.3. The teacher told the student that tomorrow they wear their black shoes.4. Before the test the teacher gives out the rules. 5. Laura reminds Bob that there is a class this afternoon because Bob is usually late.

Adverb of frequency comes after auxiliary and modal verbs (must, can, should, have to) :

o I can never work at homeo He must always take the medicine

Michael Dell’s Working Day Michael Dell is chairman of Dell Computer Corporation in the US. For about 30 percent of his time he travels overseas and meets international customers. Each year he makes two or three trips to Europe and two trips to Asia. When he is at his home in Austin, Texas, he gets up at 5.30 a.m. each day. He lives with his wife, Susan and their four children, who are all under the age of ten. His wife owns a clothes shop in Austin. In the mornings he does exercises for an hour from 6:00 a.m. and then drives to his office. He arrives at 8:00 a.m. At his office he talks to customers and makes plans for the organization. He leaves the office at about 6:15 p.m. and has dinner with his family. He reads stories to his children and gets them to bed. He often spends time in the evening writing emails. “Then I go to sleep, get up and do it all again,” he says In his free time he likes to go running and biking

Questions1. What does Michael Dell do?

He is chairman of Dell Computer Corporation in US2. How many times does he go overseas? He goes two or three times to Europe and two times

to Asia3. Where does he live?

He lives in Austin, Texas4. What does he do in the morning?

He exercises for an hour5. What time does he arrive at his office?

He arrives at his office at 8:00 a.m.6. What does he do after he has dinner with his family?

He reads story to his children and gets them to be

Thank you