monitoreo electoral de cobertura televisiva de las elecciones federales en méxico: análisis de la...

7/30/2019 Monitoreo electoral de cobertura televisiva de las elecciones federales en Mxico: Anlisis de la experiencia de la

1/92

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2/92

9

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3/92

1

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4/92

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9/92

:

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10/92

8;

Ah{|rde 8- Hm|bablbm|bq> deq {yeabqeq bdba|eyhdbq bm Owj

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Dh gjq|eyjh lb ybdh|jvh bq|hijdjlhl {ed|jah lb mrbq|ye {hq bm bd qjcdeWWbmarbm|yh qrbw{djahajm bm dh feyoh aoe bd [hy|jle Ybvedrajemhyje Jmq|j|rajemhd '[YJ* aemq|yrz 'zoedlb bm frmajm lb qrq jm|bybqbq* bd ycjobm {ed|jae obwjahme- Rmh qbyjb lb fha|eaemnrchyem {hyh xrb bqb {hy|jle {ed|jae qb vedvjbyh gbcbomjae z leojmhyh dh {ed|jdeq {yeabqeq bdba|eyhdbq h de dhyce lb qjb|b lahlhq0 qj ijbm$ bm dh {yjobyh oj|hl lbd{hqhle hdcrmeq {ed|jaeq qb lbq{ybmljbyem lbd cyr{e leojmhm|b b jm|bm|hyem ljq{r|h{elby h |yhvq lb dhq bdbaajembq z cyr{eq hjqdhleq$ bm|yb bddeq bd [hy|jle AeorObwjahme '[AO*$ lbqhfjhyem hd ycjobm0 qjm boihyce$ mjmcrmh jmjajh|jvh frb bwj|eqahoije$ bd[YJ bq|hidbaj rmh or|rh z ibmbfjajeqh ybdhajm aem ljvbyqeq ha|eybq {ed|jaeqbaemojaeq- Qb hme|hm vhyjhq yh~embq xrb bw{djahm bq|h gbcboemh-

Lbq{rq xrb |byojmhyh dh Ybvedrajm Obwjahmh z frbyh {yeordchlh dh Aemq|j|rajm8:83$ bm dh lahlh qjcrjbm|b 'z lbq{rq lbd hqbqjmh|e lb dvhye Eiybcm* deq dlb{ed|jaeq |yjrmfhm|bq ljqbhyem rm oelbde {ed|jae xrb aemabm|y bm ohmeq lbd Bnbacyhm ahm|jlhl lb fhard|hlbq bm lb|yjobm|e lb deq {elbybq Dbcjqdh|jve z Nrljajhd- Hqjojqodh jmadrqjm lb deq ddhohleq lbybageq qeajhdbq bm dh Ahy|h Ohcmh 'deq hy|ardeq 93aemq|j|rz rmh gbyyhojbm|h feyojlhidb lb aem|yed$ xrb frb h{djahlh lb ohmbyh qbdba|{hyh bd decye lb qrq einb|jveq> {ey rm dhle$ |hdbq hy|ardeq frbyem r|jdj~hleq bm aemhxrbddeq {ye{jb|hyjeq hcyaedhq z bo{ybqhyjeq xrb e{emhm ybqjq|bmajh hd mrbve ycjobd e|ye$ frbyem rm jmq|yrobm|e leqjfjahle xrb hahyyb hlgbqjm z qjo{h|h lb aho{bqjmeeiybyeq$ xrjbmbq {elyhm ei|bmby |jbyyhq z obneyhy qr aemljajembq dhieyhdbq 'A8:33>81/91*-


11/92

88

Lhle bq|b aem|bw|e$ bm bd hq{ba|e bdba|eyhd$ bd[YJ qb aemvjy|j bm bd iyh~e bdba|eyhd lbdycjobm08 ljagh jmq|hmajh {ed|jah hcyr{ h frby~hq {ed|jahq leojmhm|bq h mjvbd deahd bm|emabq ljq{byqhq$ {bye |hoijm jmaey{ey z eychmj~ h ljvbyqhq adhqbq qeajhdbq lb{hy|jle$ aeoe rmh gbyyhojbm|h {hyh bnbyaby qr gbcboemh$ de xrb qb aemeab aaey{eyh|jvjqoe> dh aybhajm lb deq ddhohleq qba|eybq me {byoj|j bd ve|e jmlb{bmljbm|b h

deq jm|bcyhm|bq lb eychmj~hajembq lb aho{bqjmeq$ qjmljah|eq eiybyeq mj lbd ljfrqe {e{rdhy$ jm|bcyhle {ey dhq adhqbq obljhq 'bq|yra|ryh vjcbm|b hm ghq|h mrbq|yeq lhq*0 lbbq|h ohmbyh$ |hd bq|yra|ryh db hqbcryhih hd[YJ ahqj {byohmbm|bobm|b rmh bdbvhlh ve|hajm-

Lb ohmbyh {hyhdbdh$ bq|b {hy|jle leojmhm|b ybaryyj hd adjbm|bdjqoe$ qjq|boh obljharhd bd ycjobm decyhih dh hlgbqjm lb bo{ybqhyjeq z ljvbyqeq cyr{eq ah{j|hdjq|hq- Rm

deq cyr{eq xrb nrchyem rm {h{bd ybdbvhm|b bm bq|b {rm|e frbyem deq lrbeq lb deq obljaeormjahajm$ xrjbmbq h de dhyce lb vhyjhq lahlhq$ h {hy|jy bd ycjobm lb Ohmrbd Ahohage$ lbnhyem lb qby jmlb{bmljbm|bq lbd ceijbyme$ z qb vedvjbyem ybab{|jbvbm|rhdbq qrcbybmajhq qeiyb bd |yh|hojbm|e xrb lbibyhm ljq{bmqhy h |bohq lb jmcribymhobm|hd0 h ahoije lb bqh dbhd|hl$ deq bo{ybqhyjeq lb obljeq ybajijbyem ibmbfjabaemojaeq {hyh qrq mbceajeq- Hq$ deq obljeq lb aeormjahajm lbqbo{bhyem rm {habm|yhd bm bd ohm|bmjojbm|e lb dh gbcboemh bm fhvey lbd[YJ hd bmfh|j~hy lb ohmbyh{eqj|jvhq dhq e{jmjembq cribymhobm|hdbq$ hd |jbo{e$ xrb lbnhihm lb dhle e aemlbme{jmjembq lb ha|eybq aem|yhyjeq hd ycjobm 'Haeq|h$ 8::3>7/88*-9

E|ye bdbobm|e xrb aem|yjirz h dhq qrabqjvhq vja|eyjhq bdba|eyhdbq lb bq|b {hygbcbomjae qb bmarbm|yh bm dh hrqbmajh lb rmh hr|eyjlhl jmlb{bmljbm|b lbd Bq|hle eychmj~hyh dhq bdbaajembq> bd ceijbyme z bd[YJ qjord|mbhobm|b |bmhm dh ahdjlhl lb nrb~ z{hy|b bm dh ahdjfjahajm lb dhq bdbaajembq> frmajemhyjeq lbd ycjobm feyohihm {h

8 Bd[YJ qb frml bm 8:9: aeoe [hy|jle Mhajemhd Ybvedrajemhyje '[MY*0 ahoij qr meoiyb bm 8:17 h [hy|jlelb dh Ybvedrajm Obwjahmh$ '[YO* bd arhd ablj bm 8::*- Rm ybarbm|e gjq|yjae lb dhq ybdhajembq bm|yb bd Bq|hle obwjahme z{ybmqh qb bmarbm|yh bm bd |bw|e lb Yelycrb~ Ahq|hblh '8::1*-


12/92

89

hr|eyjlhl xrb vhdjlhih dhq bdbaajembq$ {ey de xrb frbyem$ {ey lbajy de obmeq$ eojqeq jo{bljy mrobyeqhq haajembq fyhrlrdbm|hq$ aeoe bd yeie z xrboh lb rymhq$ dh aeo{yhaehaajm lbd ve|e$ bd yh|m deae$ dhq ahqjddhq ~h{h|e$ bm|yb e|yhq jyybcrdhyjlhlbq

aeob|jlhq qjq|bo|jahobm|b h de dhyce z hmage lbd {hq lryhm|b cyhm {hy|b lbd qjcdeWWbmaem|yh lb {hy|jleq {ed|jaeq lb e{eqjajm xrb decyhihm chmhy hdcrmh bdbaajm-1

Arhmle mjmcrmh lb bq|hq leq gbyyhojbm|hq byh bfba|jvh {hyh ohm|bmby qr aem|yed {edqeajhd$ bd ycjobm {yjjq|h ybhdj~ haajembq {ye{jhq lbd hr|eyj|hyjqoe$ z yb{oevjojbm|eq lb lbqaem|bm|e z {ye|bq|h qeajhd0 bnbo{deq qb bmarbm|yhm bm deq oevjojbfbyyeahyyjdbye lb 8:27 z lb oljaeq lb 8:62$ {bye me frbyem deq mjaeq> jmadrq{byjeljq|hq jmlb{bmljbm|bq aeoe Ohmrbd Ohyar [hyljhq |rvjbyem xrb bmfybm|hy {ybqj

xrb dbq ddbvhyem hd ajbyyb lb qrq {ridjahajembq 'jijl >89/81*-<

Bq|b {hmeyhoh lb {dbme leojmje lbd[YJ bo{b~ h |yhmqfeyohyqb dbm|hobm|b h {bqhy xrb bdceijbyme lb Crq|hve Lh~ Eylh~ yb{yjoj hd oevjojbm|e bq|rljhm|jd lb 8:67$ haajm xrbardojm aem dh oh|hm~h lb \dh|bdedae0 bq|h haajm hr|eyj|hyjh xrb eahqjem rm mjmlb|byojmhle lb {byqemhq hqbqjmhlhq lbqbmahlbm bd qrycjojbm|e lbd oevjojbmcrbyyjddbyeq$ bm dh obljlh xrb ljvbyqeq qba|eybq qeajhdbq {bmqhyem xrb byh orz hdahm~hy dh lboeayh|j~hajm lbd {hq h |yhvq lb dh vh bdba|eyhd0 dhq crbyyjddhbmfybm|hlhq bm bd qbwbmje lb Drjq Bagbvbyyh 'qbayb|hyje lb Ceibymhajm bm |jbo{yb{ybqjm lb \dh|bdedae* obljhm|b haajembq lb aem|yh jmqrycbmajh xrb yhzhyem bm dqrajh-

Aeoe rmh ohmbyh lb ybvby|jy bd hce|hojbm|e lb deq {yeabqeq bdba|eyhdbq 'bw{ybqhle bbdbaajembq lb 8:36*$ bd bm|emabq {ybqjlbm|b Neq D{b~ [ey|jdde jmjaj dh h{byqjq|boh bdba|eyhd obwjahme$ hd ybhdj~hy dh ybfeyoh bdba|eyhd lb 8:33 xrb {byoj|j

1 Bnbo{de lb fyhrlb bdba|eyhd qb bmarbm|yh bm dhq bdbaajembq {hyh ceibymhley lb 8:68 bm Qhm Drjq [e|eq> Rm{e{rdhy dlby avjae lea|ey Qhdvhley Mhvh qb {ybqbm| aeoe ahmljlh|e jmlb{bmljbm|b- [hyh bvj|hy qr |yjrm

{hy|jle efjajhd aeob|j rm fyhrlb ihq|hm|b bqahmlhdeqe- E|yh vhyjhm|b aemqjq|j bm xrb rm Aemcybqe deahdlbqaemeajbyh bdbaajembq bm dhq arhdbq ghih |yjrmfhle dh e{eqjajm$ aeoe frb bd ahqe lb dhq bdbaajeormjaj{jeq z aemcybqe bq|h|hd lb Ihnh Ahdjfeymjh$ lemlb bd[HM chm Obwjahdj z \jnrhmh 'Hcrhze$ 8::7>839/831*-< Bm bq|h eiyh qb rqhym dhq bw{ybqjembq dh|jmhqjijl $jijlbo $e{- aj|- $jlbo $e{- aj|- {hyh bvj|hy yb{b|jajm lbybfbybmajhq ijidjecyfjahq-


13/92

81

mrbveq {hy|jleq {ed|jaeq {rljbyhm {hy|jaj{hy bm dhq bdbaajembq$ bm|yb bddeq$ bd ghq|{yeqayj|e [hy|jle Aeormjq|h Obwjahme-2

Bm bq|b aem|bw|e$ qb frbyem aybhmle aemljajembq {hyh rmh ohzey {hy|jaj{hajm lb cqeajhdbq xrb ybjvjmljahyem dhq ahrqhq lboeayh|j~hleyhq lbd oevjojbm|e bq|rljhm|jd lb 8:6h deq ojqoeq$ qb qrohyem cyr{eq hm|bq hdbnhleq lb dh {ed|jah 'aeoe deq bo{ybqhyjeqba|eybq lb dh {bxrbh irycrbqh*$ deq arhdbq bo{b~hyem h oeq|yhy lbqaem|bm|e {ey dhqbaemojahq xrb hfba|hyem qr {elby lb aeo{yh lbijle h dhq qrabqjvhq lbvhdrhajembq lb{bqe h {hy|jy lb 8:36$ arhmle qb {bylj dh 'hgeyh o|jah* {hyjlhl lb 89-2; {bqeq {ey rmldhy0 bqb lbqaem|bm|e qb bw{ybq bm bd hqabmqe bdba|eyhd lb deq {hy|jleq lb e{eqj{hy|jardhy$ lbd [hy|jle Haajm Mhajemhd '[HM*-6

Bq|h qj|rhajm |rve qr jo{ha|e bm dh ybdhajm Bq|hle z obljeq lb aeormjahajm$ dh arhd$ohmbyh qjord|mbh$ bo{b~ h |yhmqfeyohyqb$ qj ijbm lb rmh ohmbyh ljfajd z me bwbyb|yeabqeq lbqlb dh lahlh lb deq qbqbm|h0 bd {rm|e lb {hy|jlh qb bmarbm|yh bm dh bw{blb Bwadqjey arhmle frb ljyjcjle {ey Nrdje Qagbyby Chyah- [hyhlnjahobm|b$ bd cedobljhm|b bd arhd Drjq Bagbvbyyh hdbm| dh bw{rdqjm lb q|b z lb rm cyr{e lb {byjel'bm|yb xrjbmbq qb bmaem|yhih bd {byjeljq|h ybajbm|bobm|b fhddbajle Ojcrbd mcbd CyAgh{h*$ qb jmjaj rm {yeabqe lb cbmbyhajm lb mrbveq obljeq lb aeormjahajm |bmljbyem h ohm|bmby jmlb{bmlbmajh lbd ceijbyme aeoe[yeabqe $Vrbd|h $ rmeoqrme $ Dh

Neymhlh$ bm|yb e|yeq0 hq$ qb decyhyem hvhmabq bm dh djiby|hl lb bw{ybqjm bm bd {hjijl >82/9;*-

2 Ghq|h 8:36$ hlboq lbd[YJ$ qde |ybq {hy|jleq {ed|jaeq aem|hihm aem ybcjq|ye {hyh {hy|jaj{hy bm {yeabbdba|eyhdbq> Haajm Mhajemhd '[HM*$ Hr|m|jae lb dh Ybvedrajm Obwjahmh '[HYO* z [e{rdhy Qeajhdjq|h '[[Q*-6 E|ye bdbobm|e xrb aem|yjirz aybhy aemljajembq {hyh rmh ohzey {hy|jaj{hajm qeajhd qb lje aeaemqbarbmajh lb deq |byyboe|eq lbd 8: z 9; lb qb{|jboiyb lb 8:72 xrb {hyhdj~hyem jmjajhdobm|b h dhr|eyjlhlbq fblbyhdbq z lbd Ljq|yj|e Fblbyhd$ ljyjcjlhq {ey bd {ybqjlbm|b Ojcrbd lb dh Ohlyjl z Yhom Hcrjyybq{ba|jvhobm|b0 |hd vhae frb ddbmhle {ey dh qeajblhl ajvjd> cyr{eq lb vedrm|hyjeq qjm bxrj{e |hlbarhle$ {bye aem bmeyob vedrm|hl$ qb eychmj~hyem {hyh ybqah|hy {byqemhq vjvhq lbihne lb deq bqaedeq bljfjajeq lbq|yrjleq ' Dh Neymhlh>$9;;2$ bm {hy|jardhy$ Dhych meagb lb dh {ed|jah lbd {hqoe lb Ybmh|eLvhdeq-*


14/92

8933*0 |hdbq hfjyohajembq qb qrq|bm|hm bm ajfyhq xrb ljbyem arbm|h lbd fyhrlb aeo {ey bnbo{de$ bm 12 ljq|yj|eq yryhdbq Qhdjmhq ei|rve rm {eyabm|hnb lb ve|hajm bm|yb 8;2 z

892" lbd mobye lb hlrd|eq bq|johleq bm bd abmqe- Bm Agjh{hq$ bd ljq|yj|e lb Eaeqjm

h{ey| 8;2" lb deq jmadrjleq bm bd djq|hle lb bdba|eybq$ z bd lb Aeoj|m 89


15/92

82

vjcjdhmajh lb deq ljvbyqeq hq{ba|eq lb deq {yeabqeq bdba|eyhdbq bo{b~ h hlxrjyjy ybdbrmh lb dhq ljobmqjembq xrb bo{b~hyem h qby hmhdj~hlhq frb dh aeiby|ryh xrb deq obljeaeormjahajm ghahm lb dhq aho{hhq lb deq {hy|jleq {ed|jaeq-

8-9 Dh aeiby|ryh fhddjlh lbd {yeabqe bdba|eyhd lb 8:77 bm Owjae {ey leq|bdbvjqeyhq

Bm 8:77$ h {bqhy lb deq hvhmabq bm dh djiby|hl lb bw{ybqjm ybqbhleq bm bd hm|byjey$ dh aeiby|ryh xrb deq obljeq lb aeormjahajm ghahm lb deq {yeabqeq bdba|eylbme|hih rmh bvjlbm|b z habm|rhlh jmbxrjlhl> me mjahobm|b$ deq obljeq jo{ybqeq$ q|hoijm deq obljeq bdba|ymjaeq |bmlhm h {yjvjdbcjhy bm qr aeiby|ryh jmfeyoh|jvh bdba|edeq ahmljlh|eq lbd bm|emabq {hy|jle cribymhobm|hd '[YJ*$ bm hq{ba|eq aeoe bd |jbo{elbljahle h jmfeyohy lb qrq ha|jvjlhlbq$ dh {ybqbmajh lb nrjajeq fhveyhidbq {ey {hy|b lb {byjeljq|hq bm qrq me|hq jmfeyoh|jveq 'dhq arhdbq xrb qb |yhmqfeyohihm bm nrjajeq mbarhmle qb |yh|hih lb ahmljlh|eq e{eqj|eybq*-

H dh dr~ lb deq ybqrd|hleq lb dhq bdbaajembq fblbyhdbq lb bqb he$ bo{b~ h ghabyqb b

dh mbabqjlhl lb vjcjdhy deq aeojajeq aem bd fjm xrb frbyhm oq aeo{b|j|jveq z bxrjdjiyhleq{hy|jy lb dh qjcrjbm|b jlbh lbfjmjlh heq lbq{rq> Dh lboeayhajh mbabqj|h xrb deq {hy|jleq$deq ahmljlh|eq z deq ajrlhlhmeq {rblhm bw{ybqhy qrq {yecyhohq b jlbhq aem bm|byh djibde xrb ybxrjbyb lb obljeq xrb hdibycrbm dh {dryhdjlhl lb e{jmjembq$ hd ojqoe |jbo{e xrjmfeyobm einb|jvh z vbyh~obm|b lb deq haem|bajojbm|eq 'Hcrhze z Haeq|h$ 8::3>81*-

Bq|h {ybear{hajm frb aeo{hy|jlh {ey hahlojaeq xrb ybhdj~hyem jmvbq|jchajembq ybdbv

b jmmevhleyhq qeiyb bd aeo{ey|hojbm|e lb deq obljeq lb aeormjahajm bm dhq bdbaajemb8:77-8; Bd {ye{qj|e xrb dbq hmjo frb bvhdrhy qj dh aeiby|ryh bdba|eyhd lb deq obljeqaeormjahajm |bmlh h ohm|bmbyqb jmbxrj|h|jvh0 bq|e bq$ qj qbcrh abm|yhlh

8; Dh jmvbq|jchajm hahlojah qeiyb obljeq lb aeormjahajm z {yeabqeq bdba|eyhdbq bm Owjae hyy{ye{jhobm|b bm 8:77$ lbijle h xrb hm|bq lb bqb he rm hr|ey mjahobm|b bmaem|y leq |yhihneq- H {hy|jhg qb me|h rmh cbmbyhdj~hajm lb bq|rljeq xrb qb abm|yhm bm bd hmdjqjq lb dh aeiby|ryh jmfeyoh|jobljeq 'Habvbq$ 9;;2>989/983*-


16/92

86

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Bm bddh$ deq hahlojaeq qb bmfeahyem bm hmhdj~hy bd aeo{ey|hojbm|e lb deq oblaeormjahajm bm |yojmeq {ed|jaeq bdba|eyhdbq lryhm|b dhq bdbaajembq lb 8:770 b

hq{ba|e yhljah dh mevblhl lb bq|h jmvbq|jchajm$ xrb |rve bd oyj|e lb ghiby jmljahle aem {ybajqjm arm|h bq dh {ybfbybmajh lb rm oblje ybq{ba|e lb rme r e|ye {hy|jleq {ed|jaeq0 qr

hmdjqjq dbq ddbv h aemadrjy xrb hm|bq$ lryhm|b z lbq {rq lb deq aeojajeq lb 8:77 {rljoeqaemeaby me qde rm adhye fhveyj|jqoe lb deq {yjmaj{hdbq obljeq jo{ybqeq z bdba|yybq{ba|e lb rm qede {hy|jle$ qjme jmadrqe |bycjvbyqhajembq z eard|hojbm|eq lb de xrb qb z lbah bm dh e{eqjajm 'Hyyblemle$ Fybceqe z \ybne$ 8::8>8;*-

Deq hahlojaeq ybaemeajbyem xrb bq|b |j{e lb hmdjqjq gh qjle {eae fybarbm|b$ lbijle h

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bdba|eyhd obljhm|b rm hmdjqjq lb aem|bmjle arhm|j|h|jve lb orbq|yhq lb obljeq jo{ybqeqme|jajhyjeq lb |bdbvjqjm0 bm bd ahqe lb deq {yjobyeq$ qb qjq|boh|j~ dh aeiby|ryh l{byjljaeq lb dh ajrlhl lb Owjae$ hq aeoe |ybq lb Crhlhdhnhyh-88

88 Deq ljhyjeq hmhdj~hleq frbyem>rmeoqrme $ Bwadqjey $ Bd Rmjvbyqhd$ Dh Neymhlh$ Mevblhlbq z Bd Mhajemhd 'lb dh Ajrlhl lb Owjae*$ hq aeoe$ Bd Jmfeyohley $ Bd Eaajlbm|hd z Eage Aedromhq 'lb Crhlhdhnhyh$ Nhd-*-


17/92

83

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8::8>819*-

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18/92

87

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19/92

8:

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20/92

9;

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21/92

98

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25/92

92

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26/92

96

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27/92

93

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28/92

97

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29/92

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30/92

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31/92

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33/92

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34/92

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35/92

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17

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23

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68

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Deq hmdjqjq lb dhHOLG {byoj|jbyem ljq{emby lb rmh qbyjb aeo{db|h lb dh ohmbyh aoe9< Geyhq z Gbageq ariyjbyem bd {yeabqe bdba|eyhd fblbyhd lb 8::


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3;

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71/92

38

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39

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31

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67 Bq|b ybqrd|hle jmlj|e |rve rm {hqe {ybvje> deq ybqrd|hleq lb dhq bdbaajembq fblbyhdbq lb 8::3$ bm dhq {yjobyh vb~ bd[YJ {bylj dh ohzeyh hiqedr|h bm dh Aohyh lb Lj{r|hleq z Arhrg|oea Aylbmhq qb aemvjy|jbm bd {yjoby nbfb lb ceijbyme lbd Ljq|yj|e Fblbyhd-


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37/:*-

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36

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33

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78/92

37


79/92

3:

Qb {rblb h{ybajhy bm bq|h cyfjah 'arze {ye{qj|e bq lhy arbm|h lb dh |bmlbmajh lbaeiby|ryh bdba|eyhd ybhdj~hlh {ey me|jajhyjeq lb |bdbvjqjm z xrb bq| ihqhlh bmybqrd|hleq |e|hdbq bm ahlh {yeabqe lb hmdjqjq lb dh aeiby|ryh bdba|eyhd ybhdj~hlh bm|z 9;;;$ lemlb qb ghab hiq|yhaajm lbd mobye |e|hd lb me|jajhyjeq hmhdj~hleq bm ahlh ahxrb bd bqfrby~e lb hmhdj~hy lb dh aeiby|ryh xrb deq me|jajhyjeq lb |bdbvjqjm gjajbyemaho{hhq bdba|eyhdbq frb ybdbvhm|b$ bm dh obljlh bm xrb aem|yjirz h rm bxrjdjiyj|jbo{eq lb |yhmqojqjm bm 8::3$ jo{bmqhidb bm dhq bdbaajembq lb 8:77$ {bye xrb{ybfjcry lbqlb dhq bdbaajembq lb 8::


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7;

Aemadrqjembq

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78

H aem|jmrhajm$ qb lbqayjij dh {ye{rbq|h lb hmdjqjq lb dh aeiby|ryh bdba|eyhd lb obljeaeormjahajm lbqhyyeddhlh {ey dhHOLG xrb frb bd bnb {hyh ybhdj~hy lb ohmbyh qjq|bo|jah bdhmdjqjq lb ljvbyqeq obljeq lb aeormjahajm$ |hm|e jo{ybqeq aeoe bdba|ymjaeq- Bmah{|rde |byabye qb lbqayjij aem lb|hddb dhq ihqbq lb bqh {ye{rbq|h lb hmdjqjq-

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79

dh Hahlbojh Obwjahmh lb Lbybageq Grohmeq%Hdjhm~h Avjah/Eiqbyvhajm ::/8;*-

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71

Bm qr yb{ey|b fjmhd$ dh lbdbchajm gj~e rmh qbyjb lb aemadrqjembq qeiyb bd {yeabqelb 8::3$ dh ob|eledech bo{bdhlh bm bd oemj|eybe$ hq aeoe ybaeobmlhajembq qeiyb dhha|jvjlhlbq lb dh eiqbyvhajm lb deq obljeq z deq {yecyhohq lb oemj|eybe lb bq|heychmj~hajm- Bm arhm|e hd {yecyhoh lb oemj|eybe lb dhHOLG$ bd jmfeyob lb bq|hlbdbchajm jmlja>

Deq jmljvjlreq bm|ybvjq|hleq bw{ybqhyem rm ybq{b|e cbmbyhd {ey bd bqjmmevhley qeiyb dh einb|jvjlhl lb dh aeiby|ryh lb dh bdbaajm lb 8::3/7*-37

Bq|b ybaemeajojbm|e lb dh ob|eledech lb hmdjqjq lb aem|bmjle {byoj|j xrb bd hr|eybhdj~hyh leq vjhnbq jm|bymhajemhdbq lb hqbqeyh> bd {yjobye$ h Irdchyjh$ {hyh e{jm

37 Bd {yjoby jmfeyob lb oemj|eybe lb dh aeiby|ryh bdba|eyhd lb deq me|jajhyjeq9< Geyhq z Gbageq aeobm|hlebm bd ah{|rde hm|byjey 'Hcrhze$ 8::

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