mobisys12_presentationrrc state meachine
TRANSCRIPT
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ACloseExamina.onofPerformanceand
PowerCharacteris.csof4GLTENetworks
JunxianHuang1FengQian1AlexandreGerber2
ZMorleyMao1SubhabrataSen2OliverSpatscheck2
1UniversityofMichigan 2AT&TLabs-Research
June 27 2012
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LTEisnew,requiresexplora.on
4GLTE(LongTermEvolu/on)isfuturetrend Ini.atedby3GPPin2004
100MbpsDL,50MbpsUL,
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LTEstatemachine LTEpowermodel
Networkperformance
Parameterconfigura.on
Energyefficiency
Mobileapplica.on
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RRCstatetransi.onsinLTE
ContinuousReception
ShortDRX
RRC_CONNECTED RRC_IDLE
LongDRX
DRX
Timerexpiration
Datatransfer
Ttail
Tis
Ti
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RRCstatetransi.onsinLTE
ContinuousReception
ShortDRX
RRC_CONNECTED RRC_IDLE
LongDRX
DRX
Timerexpiration
Datatransfer
Ttail
Tis
Ti
RRC_IDLE
Noradioresourceallocated Lowpowerstate:1136mW
averagepower
Promo.ondelayfromRRC_IDLEtoRRC_CONNECTED:260ms
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RRCstatetransi.onsinLTE
ContinuousReception
ShortDRX
RRC_CONNECTED RRC_IDLE
LongDRX
DRX
Timerexpiration
Datatransfer
Ttail
Tis
Ti
RRC_CONNECTED
Radioresourceallocated Powerstateisafunc.onof
datarate:
1060mWisthebasepowerconsump.on
Upto3300mWtransmingatfullspeed
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RRCstatetransi.onsinLTE
ContinuousReception
ShortDRX
RRC_CONNECTED RRC_IDLE
LongDRX
DRX
Timerexpiration
Datatransfer
Ttail
Tis
Ti
Con/nuous
Recep/onSend/receiveapacket
PromotetoRRC_CONNECTED
ResetTtail
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RRCstatetransi.onsinLTE
ContinuousReception
ShortDRX
RRC_CONNECTED RRC_IDLE
LongDRX
DRX
Timerexpiration
Datatransfer
Ttail
Tis
Ti
TtailstopsDemotetoRRC_IDLE
DRX
Ttailexp
ires
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TradeoffsofTtailsengs
Ttailseng EnergyConsump/on
#ofstatetransi/ons
Responsiveness
Long High Small Fast
Short Low Large Slow
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RRCstatetransi.onsinLTE
ContinuousReception
ShortDRX
RRC_CONNECTED RRC_IDLE
LongDRX
DRX
Timerexpiration
Datatransfer
Ttail
Tis
Ti
DRX:Discon/nuousRecep/on
Listenstodownlinkchannelperiodicallyforashortdura.onandsleepsfortherest.metosaveenergy
atthecostofresponsiveness
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Discon.nuousRecep.on(DRX):
micro-sleepsforenergysaving
InLTE4G,DRXmakesUEmicro-sleepperiodicallyintheRRC_CONNECTEDstate
ShortDRX LongDRX
DRXincurstradeoffsbetweenenergyusageandlatency
ShortDRXsleeplessandrespondfaster
LongDRXsleepmoreandrespondslower Incontrast,inUMTS3G,UEisalwayslisteningtothedownlinkcontrolchannelinthedatatransmissionstates
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DRXinLTE
ShortDRXcycle
ContinuousReception
On Duration
Long DRX
cycle
Data transfer Ti expires
Tis expires
Long DRX
cycle
Ti starts Tis starts
ADRXcycleconsistsof OnDura.on-UEmonitorsthedownlinkcontrolchannel(PDCCH) OffDura.on-skiprecep.onofdownlinkchannel
Ti:Con.nuousrecep.oninac.vity.mer WhentostartShortDRX
Tis:ShortDRXinac.vity.mer WhentostartLongDRX
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LTEstatemachine LTEpowermodel
Networkperformance
Parameterconfigura.on
Energyefficiency
Mobileapplica.on
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PowertraceofRRCstatetransi.ons
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
0 t1t2 5 10 t3 15 20 t4 25
Power
(mW)
Time (second)
t1: Promotion starts
t2: Data transfer starts
t3: Tail starts
t4: Tail ends
ThedatapointsaresampledandDRXinRRC_CONNECTEDtail
isnotobviousduetothelowsamplingrate
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LTEpowermodel MeasuredwithaLTEphoneandMonsoonpowermeter,averagedwithrepeatedsamples
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LTEpowermodel MeasuredwithaLTEphoneandMonsoonpowermeter,averagedwithrepeatedsamples
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LTEpowermodel MeasuredwithaLTEphoneandMonsoonpowermeter,averagedwithrepeatedsamples
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LTEpowermodel MeasuredwithaLTEphoneandMonsoonpowermeter,averagedwithrepeatedsamples
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LTEpowermodel MeasuredwithaLTEphoneandMonsoonpowermeter,averagedwithrepeatedsamples
P(on)P(off)=620mW,DRXsaves36%energyinRRC_CONNECTED
HighpowerlevelsinbothOnandOffdura/onsintheDRXcycleofRRC_CONNECTED
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LTEconsumesmoreinstantpower
than3G/WiFiinthehigh-powertail
AveragepowerforWiFitail120mW
Averagepowerfor3Gtail800mW
AveragepowerforLTEtail1080mW
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Powermodelfordatatransfer
Alinearmodelisusedtoquan.fyinstantpowerlevel:DownlinkthroughputtdMbps
UplinkthroughputtuMbps
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Energyperbitcomparison
LTEshighthroughputcompensatesforthepromo.onenergyandtailenergy
TransferSize
LTEJbit
WiFiJbit
3GJbit
10KB 170 6 100
10MB 0.3 01 4Totalenergyperbitfordownlinkbulkdatatransfer
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Energyperbitcomparison
LTEshighthroughputcompensatesforthepromo.onenergyandtailenergy
TransferSize
LTEJbit
WiFiJbit
3GJbit
10KB 170 6 100
10MB 0.3 01 4Totalenergyperbitfordownlinkbulkdatatransfer
Smalldatatransfer,LTEwastesenergy
Largedatatransfer,LTEisenergyefficient
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LTEstatemachine LTEpowermodel
Networkperformance
Parameterconfigura.on
Energyefficiency
Mobileapplica.on
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Networkcharacteris.cs 4GTestonAndroid
h>p://mobiperf.com/4g.htmlMeasuresnetworkperformancewiththehelpof
46M-Labnodesacrosstheworld
3,300usersand14,000runsin2months10/15/2011~12/15/2011
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
-130 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70
Latitude
Longitude
WiFiWiMAX
LTE
4GTestusercoverageintheUS
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Downlinkthroughput
LTEmedianis13Mbps,upto30MbpsTheLTEnetworkisrela.velyunloaded
WiFi,WiMAX
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Uplinkthroughput
LTEmedianis5.6Mbps,upto20Mbps WiFi,WiMAX
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RTT
LTEmedian70ms WiFisimilartoLTE WiMAXhigher
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
WiFi LTE WiMAX eHRPD EVDO_A 1
Y1:Networkth
roughput(Mbps)
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LTEstatemachine LTEpowermodel
Networkperformance
Parameterconfigura.on
Energyefficiency
Mobileapplica.on
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Usertracebasedanalysis
UMICHdatasetCollectedfrom20volunteersmartphoneusersfor
fivemonths,totaling118GB
Containspackettracesincludingfullpayload Trace-drivenmodelingmethodology
Networkmodelsimulator Simulatesnetworkstates,suchasRRCstatetransi.ons
Powermodelsimulator Calculatespowerusagebasedonthenetworkstates
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Comparingtotalenergyofalluser
tracesviasimula.oninLTE/3G/WiFi
TotalenergyusageLTE/WiFi233G/WiFi15
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
All 1 2 3 4 5 6
E
nergy
ratio
User ID
Energy ratio: LTE/WiFiEnergy ratio: 3G/WiFi
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Energyconsump.onbreakdown
TailenergydominatesLTEenergyconsump.on,similarto3G
0
20
40
60
80
100
All 1 2 3 4 5 6
%
oftotalenergy
User ID
LTE
WiFi
3G
% Idle energy% Tail energy
% Promotion energy
% Data transfer energy
Thetotalenergyfordifferentnetworksandusersisnormalizedtobe100%
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Energyconsump.onbreakdown
TailenergydominatesLTEenergyconsump.on,similarto3G
0
20
40
60
80
100
All 1 2 3 4 5 6
%
oftotalenergy
User ID
LTE
WiFi
3G
% Idle energy% Tail energy
% Promotion energy
% Data transfer energy
Thetotalenergyfordifferentnetworksandusersisnormalizedtobe100%
Thetailproblemisthekeyfactorfor
LTEshighenergyconsump.on,
similarto3Gnetworks
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LTEstatemachine LTEpowermodel
Networkperformance
Parameterconfigura.on
Energyefficiency
Mobileapplica.on
f fi l ( )
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ImpactofconfiguringLTEtail.mer(Ttail)
Sisdefinedtobethenumberofpromo.ons TtailhassignificantimpactonradioenergyE,channelschedulingdelayD,andsignaling
overheadS
-0.50
0.5
1
1.5
0 5 TD 15 20 25 30
(relative
change
)
Ttail (second)
EDS
TDisthedefaultsengforTtailinthemeasurednetwork
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LTEstatemachine LTEpowermodel
Networkperformance
Parameterconfigura.on
Energyefficiency
Mobileapplica.on
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Appcasestudy
Studied5web-basedapps LTEhascomparablepageloading.measWiFi,with3Glaggingbehind
CPUusageforLTE/WiFiisbetween80%~90%duringpageloading
Networkdoesnotappeartobethebo\leneck
Totalenergyconsump.on:LTE>3G>>WiFi
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Appcasestudy
Studied5web-basedapps LTEhascomparablepageloading.measWiFi,with3Glaggingbehind
CPUusageforLTE/WiFiisbetween80%~90%duringpageloading
Networkdoesnotappeartobethebo\leneck
Totalenergyconsump.on:LTE>3G>>WiFi
InLTEnetwork,applica.ons
shouldmoreaggressivelybursttraffictomakemoreefficient
useofthebandwidthgiventhe
highenergyoverhead
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Summary
LTEhassignificantlyhigherspeed,comparedto3GandWiFi LTEismuchlesspowerefficientthanWiFiduetoitstailenergyforsmalldatatransfers
DerivedapowermodelofacommercialLTEnetwork,withlessthan6%errorrate
UEprocessingisthebo\leneckforweb-basedapplica.onsinLTEnetworks MobileappdesignshouldbeLTEfriendly
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Thankyou!
Q&A
Contact:JunxianHuang(hjx@umichedu)
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Backupslides
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PowertraceofDRXinRRC_CONNECTED
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0 50 100 150 200
Power(mW)
Time (ms)
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RRCstatetransi.onsinLTE
ContinuousReception
ShortDRX
RRC_CONNECTED RRC_IDLE
LongDRX
DRX
Timerexpiration
Datatransfer
Ttail
Tis
Ti
Con/nuous
Recep/on
Sendreceive
apacket
ResetTi
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RRCstatetransi.onsinLTE
ContinuousReception
ShortDRX
RRC_CONNECTED RRC_IDLE
LongDRX
DRX
Timerexpiration
Datatransfer
Ttail
Tis
Ti
Short
DRX
Tistops,Tisstarts
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RRCstatetransi.onsinLTE
ContinuousReception
ShortDRX
RRC_CONNECTED RRC_IDLE
LongDRX
DRX
Timerexpiration
Datatransfer
Ttail
Tis
Ti
Con/nuous
Recep/on
ResetTi,stopsTis
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RRCstatetransi.onsinLTE
ContinuousReception
ShortDRX
RRC_CONNECTED RRC_IDLE
LongDRX
DRX
Timerexpiration
Datatransfer
Ttail
Tis
Ti
Long
DRX
Tisstops
Tis
expires
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RRCstatetransi.onsinLTE
ContinuousReception
ShortDRX
RRC_CONNECTED RRC_IDLE
LongDRX
DRX
Timerexpiration
Datatransfer
Ttail
Tis
Ti
ResetTi
Con/nuous
Recep/on
Impact of DRX inac.vity .mer (Ti):
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ImpactofDRXinac.vity.mer(Ti):
Con.nuousrecep.ontoshortDRX
Differently,Sisdefinedasthesumofthecon.nuousrecep.on.meandDRXondura.onsinRRC_CONNECTED
TihasnegligibleimpactonE,however,Sissignificantlyaffected
-0.5
00.5
1
1.5
22.5
0 TD200 400 600 800 1000
(relative
change)
Ti(ms)
EDS
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Interes.ngques.onsaboutLTE
Tousers:whatistheendperformance?Networkperformance,suchasRTTandthroughput,
howitcompareswithWiFi,3GandWiMAX,etc
Energyefficiencyaffec.ngba\erylife,isLTEmorepowerefficientthan3GorWiFi?
ToISPs:whatistheimpactofconfiguringLTE-relatedparametersonUEpowersaving,anddelay/signalingoverhead?
ToOS/applica.ondevelopers:whatistheperformancebo\leneckofapplica.onsinLTEnetwork,CPUornetworkspeed?
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Energyperbitcomparison
Forlargedatatransferwithmaximumrate,LTEsenergyefficiencyiscomparablewith
WiFi,duetoLTEshighdownlinkthroughput
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
10 100 1000 10000
J
/bit
Bulk data size (kB)
LTE DOWNLTE UP
WiFi DOWNWiFi UP
3G DOWN3G UP
One way delay and impact of packet size
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Onewaydelayandimpactofpacketsize
(notquiterelated)
LTEuplinkonewaydelay(OWD)islargerthanthatofdownlink
RTTinLTEismoresensi.vetopacketsizethanWiFi,mainlyduetouplinkOWD
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Dela
y(ms)
Packet size without TCP/IP headers (byte)
UP OWDDOWN OWD
RTT
JavaScript execu.on speed: a representa.ve
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JavaScriptexecu.onspeed:arepresenta.ve
viewofsmartphoneprocessingcapability
From2009to2011,smartphoneshavesignificantlyimprovedJavaScriptexecu.onspeed
Samsung/IEWindows Mobile 6.5
iPhone/SafariiOS 3.0
G1/DefaultAndroid 1.6
G1/DefaultAndroid 1.6
Samsung/IEWindows Phone 7.5
HTC/DefaultAndroid 2.2.1
iPhone 4/SafariiOS 5.0.1
iPhone 4S/Safari
iOS 5.0.1
Laptop/ChromeMac OS X 10.7.2
0 50 100 150 200 250
Time to finish JavaScript benchmark (sec)
0.41s
2.26s
3.93s
4.42s
9.46s
95.08s
95.66s
117.41s
210.97s
Tested in Nov, 2009Tested in Nov, 2011
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Powermodelfordatatransfer
Alinearmodelisusedtoquan.fyinstantpowerlevel:
Uplink/downlinkthroughputtu/td(Mbps)