microestructura de aceros al carbono y de baja aleacion

8/18/2019 Microestructura de Aceros Al Carbono y de Baja Aleacion

1/26

Microstructure of Carbon- and

Low-Alloy Steels

George Vander Voort

Director, Research and Technology

uehler Ltd!

La"e luff, #L $%%&& 'SA


2/26

Microstructure of wrought iron (Fe – 0.07% C – 0.06% Mn – 0.2% Si - 0.16% P – 0.02% S) etched with 2% nit! re"e!ing s!g

stringers nd ferrite (!#h) grins nd grin $oundries. rigin! t &00'.


3/26

!ectric! iron (0.02% C) etched with 2% nit! re"e!ing ferrite grin structure.


4/26


5/26


6/26

% Picr! 2% it!

3ow-cr$on sheet stee! etched with #icr! nd nit!. Picr! re"e!s the fine ce*entite #rtic!es nd #tches of #er!ite. it! re"e!s the ferrit grin

$oundries nd the #er!ite #tches5 $ut the fine ce*entite #rtic!es re hrd to see5 es#eci!! if the re t grin $oundries. rigin!s t &00'.


7/26

% Picr! 2% it!

Microstructure of hot-ro!!ed Fe – 0.11% C – 0.4&% Mn – 0.21% Si etched with #icr! nd nit!. Picr! re"e!s the ce*entite nd #er!ite5 $ut

not the ferrite grin $oundries. it! re"e!s the ferrite grin $oundries nd the #er!ite5 $ut the fine ce*entite #rtic!es re difficu!t to see.

rigin!s t &00'.


8/26

s-ro!!ed high-strength5 !ow-!!o (8S3) stee! strengthened with $ re"e!ing du#!e9 ferrite grin si:e distri$ution. Microstructure is

ferrite nd #er!ite. S#eci*en etched se;uenti!! with % #icr! nd 2% nit!. rigin!s t 200' (!eft) nd &00' (right).


9/26

% Picr! 2% it!

Microstructure of hot-ro!!ed Fe – 0.16% C – 1.26% Mn – 0.22% Si – 0.1&% Cr etched with #icr! nd nit!. Picr! re"e!s the ce*entite nd

#er!ite5 $ut not the ferrite grin $oundries. it! re"e!s the ferrite grin $oundries nd the #er!ite5 $ut the fine ce*entite #rtic!es re

difficu!t to see. rigin!s t &00'.


10/26

Microstructure of hot-ro!!ed '2 !ine-#i#e stee! etched se;uenti!! with % #icr! nd 2% nit! re"e!ing se"ere! ing 9is is hori:ont!. rigin!s t 100' (!eft) nd &00' (right). +he rrow (right i*ge)

#oints to high! e!ongted MnS (*ngnese su!fide) inc!usion.


11/26

Microstructure of hot-ro!!ed S+M &72 #!te stee! stee! etched se;uenti!! with % #icr! nd 2% nit! re"e!ing we>! ing 9is is hori:ont!. rigin!s t 200' (!eft) nd &00' (right).


12/26

Microstructure of hot-ro!!ed S+M &44 #!te stee! stee! etched se;uenti!! with % #icr! nd 2% nit! re"e!ing *oderte! ing 9is is hori:ont!. rigin!s t 200' (!eft) nd &00' (right).


13/26

Microstructure of hot-ro!!ed Fe – 0.2?% C – 0.4&% Mn – 0.22% Si re"e!ing *oderte! $nded structure of ferrite nd #er!ite. rigin!s

t &00'. +he hot wor>ing 9is is hori:ont!. +he rrow (right #icture) #oints to !rge MnS inc!usion. ote tht it is ;uite *!!e$!e nd

hs $een high! e!ongted $ hot ro!!ing.

% Picr! 2% it!


14/26

% Picr! 2% it!

Microstructure of hot-ro!!ed Fe – 0.?1% C – 0.4% Mn – 0.2@% Si stee! re"e!ing $nded ferrite-#er!ite structure (hot ro!!ing direction is

hori:ont!). +he rrows #oint to so*e of the high! e!ongted MnS inc!usions. rigin!s t &00'.


15/26

s-Ao!!ed 100 Cr$on stee! (Fe – 0.% C – 0.7&% Mn) etched se;uenti!! with % #icr! nd 2% nit! re"e!ing fine structure of

##ro9i*te! h!f ferrite nd h!f #er!ite. rigin!s t 200' (!eft) nd &00' (right). +he fine grin si:e is due to #ro#er contro! of the

finishing te*#erture (te*#erture of $rs t the !st *i!! stnd).


16/26

or*!i:ed (471 BC5 1600 BF for 1 hour5 ir coo!) 100 cr$on stee! (Fe – 0.% C – 0.7&% Mn) etched se;uenti!! with % #icr! nd

2% nit! re"e!ing fine structure of ##ro9i*te! h!f ferrite nd h!f #er!ite. rigin!s t 200' (!eft) nd &00' (right). +he structure

is s!ight! finer thn the s-ro!!ed structure.


17/26


18/26

% Picr! 2% it!

Microstructure of hot-ro!!ed Fe – 0.64% C – 0.4% Mn – 0.??% Si re"e!ing ner! fu!! #er!itic structure. rigin!s t 1000'.


19/26

Microstructure of hot-ro!!ed eutectoid Fe – 0.40% C – 0.21% Mn – 0.22% Si re"e!ing #er!itic structure where so*e of the

!*e!!e re reso!"$!e t the origin! *gnifiction of 1000'. tched with 2% nit!.


20/26

Fine #er!itic structure in nor*!i:ed (740 BC5 1?6 BF – 1 h5 ir coo!) 1040 stee! (Fe – 0.4% C – 0.7&% Mn) etched with % #icr!.

So*e of the !*e!!e re reso!"$!e. rigin! t 1000'.


21/26

Corse #er!itic structure5 with so*e s#heroidi:tion of the ce*entite5 in s!ow coo!ed (740 BC5 1?6 BF – 1 h5 furnce coo!) 1040

stee! (Fe – 0.4% C – 0.7&% Mn) etched with % #icr!. !! of the ce*entite #rtic!es re reso!"$!e. rigin! t 1000'.


22/26

Corse #er!itic structure in isother*!! nne!ed (740 BC5 1?6 BF – 1 h5 isother*!! trnsfor*ed) 1040 stee! (Fe – 0.4% C – 0.7&%

Mn) etched with % #icr!. !! of the !*e!!e re reso!"$!e. rigin! t 1000'.


23/26

Microstructure of s-ro!!ed Fe – 1% C $inr !!o tint etched with erhs sodiu* *o!$dte regent to co!or ce*entite. +he

rrow #oints of #roeutectoid ce*entite tht #reci#itted on #rior-ustenite grin $oundr $efore the eutectoid rection (ustenitefor*s ferrite nd ce*entite in the for* of !*e!!r #er!ite). Mgnifiction $r is 10 D* !ong.


24/26

Microstructure of s#heroidi:e nne!ed E1 wter-hrdening too! stee! tint etched with erhs sodiu* *o!$dte regent which

co!ors the ce*entite. ote tht the ferrite ws !so co!ored5 in this cse. S#heroidi:tion of the ce*entite !owers the hrdness nd*>es the stee! *ore ducti!e for co!d for*ing nd esier to *chine. Mgnifiction $r is & D* !ong.


25/26

nne!ed Fe – 1.1&% C stee! with corse !*e!!r #er!ite *icrostructure nd so*e !rge g!o$u!r ce*entite #rtic!es. 8et tret*ent

ws 400 BC (172 BF) – 1 h5 furnce coo!. tched with % #icr!. rigin! t 1000'. !c> s#ots re inc!usions.


26/26

microestructura de aceros al carbono y de baja aleacion

Documents