los juegos del hambre - cinerama

8/2/2019 Los Juegos del Hambre - Cinerama

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YFHDOVHN >

F_SN_ D@NBFLF_ _KL DHV_SQNSDZN_( HK_ GVFBK_ CFH EN@AQF LK JVF JDH@NCN FL ODLFQN@N,

YFHDOVHN 1 YFHDOVHN ?

Flqf fhhns sf floklqnan fh Odlfqn`n( vl yqkofsk ~vf yfq`dn flfq vln d`nbfl ~vf kovynan fh on`yk zdsvnh cf hn bflf bqnodns

n hn jh`nodl ~vf qf~vfqn cf qfs o`nqns cf ?6 `dh`fqks( ~vf hvfbk fqnl oklzfqdcns n qfs d`yqfsdklfs cf `ds`k `dhd`fqngf

ynqn sfq fuedadcns fl vln ynlnhhn ovqzn ~vf qkcfnan nh yvahdok, Vln ovnqn yfhovhn `nbldon oklfln sdff ydsns cf skldck,

Fh vlck cfh odlf sf zdk yqfkovynck ykq hn hhfbncn cf hn fhfzdsdl( fh fcdk cf flqffld`dflk ~vf yqk`fn cdzfqsdl sdl lfofsdcnc

cf snhdq cf onsn,

Ynqn oklqnqqfsnq fsn n`flnwn hks fsvcdks cf Ekhhtrkkc yqkanqkl lvfzks `kcks cf yqfsflnodl cf hns yfhovhns, _kldckfsfqfkldok( yqktfoodl fl ynlnhhns bdbnlfs k ynlnhhns nloens vfqkl nhbvlns cf hns odons ~vf cdfqkl zdcn nh Odlf`n_okyf(

ZdsnZdsdkl t znqdns oldons cf jh`nodl ~vf yqk`fnl vln fuyfqdflodn ldon,


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ODLFQN@NQfzdsn cfcdoncn nh odlf cf nzflvqn( noodl(

odflodn joodl( nlnsn t ev`kq,

Hn bvfqqn, Hn fqqdahf bvfqqn, Zdvcns

Evqnlks Vl ldk sdl `ncqf

Fsk vf fh hfznln`dflk ~vf d`yno

n lvfsqn dfqqn,

>? cdsqdks sf qfafhnqkl oklqn fh yns

~vf hks nhd`flnan hks n`nan hksyqkfbn

Hks efq`nlks sf zkhzdfqkl fl oklqn

cf hks efq`nlks ensn ~vf lncn ~vf-

c

T flklofs zdlk hn ynw Cvqn`flf

hvoencn Ckhkqksn`flf bnlncn,

Vln yfqskln nsoflcd cf hns ofldwns,T vln lvfzn fqn lnod,

Yfqk hn hdafqnc dflf vl oksk Ovnl-

ck hks qndckqfs vfqkl cfqqkncks( gv-

qn`ks ok`k lnodl ~vf lvlon oklk-

ofqn`ks fsn qndodl cf lvfzk

T flklofs vf cfoqfnck ~vf oncn

nk( hks znqdks cdsqdks cf Ynlf` kqf-

ofql fl qdavk n vl gkzfl ek`aqf k`vgfq( ynqn hvoenq n vfqf fl vl cfs-

jhf cf eklkq( okqngf( t snoqdjodk,

Fh zflofckq ldok( annck fl qd~vf-

wns( sfqzdq ok`k vl qfokqcnkqdk cf

lvfsqn bflfqksdcnc t lvfsqn `dsfqd-

okqcdn,

Ns fs ok`k qfokqcn`ks lvfsqk yn-

snck,

Ns fs ok`k snhznbvnqcn`ks lvfsqk

vvqk,


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Fl hns qvdlns cf hn dfqqn nlfs oklkodcn ok`k Lkqfn`qdon( hksGvfbks cfh Enàqf nlvnhfs fsl n yvlk cf ok`flwnq t hn okl-flcdflf cf >: nks Mnldss Fzfqcffl nyflns dflf hn qf`knkykqvldcnc cf cfqqknq hks f`dcks kasovhks, Ok`k hn `ntkqnfl hn lnodl cf Ynlf`( Mnldss zdzf fl vlk cf hks >1 cdsqdksfsohnzdwncks( qfbdcks ykq vl Onydkhdk ovadfqk cf `dsfqdk( fh ovnhqns concns cf onks t bvfqqn( nekqn qfyqd`f n hn bflf angk fhyvhbnq cf vln sfzfqn nvl~vf cfoncflf cdoncvqn, Oncn nk( fl fhCn cf hn Oksfoen( oncn vlk cf hks cdsqdks cfaf fhfbdq( ykq hkfqn

k zkhvlnqdn`flf( n vl `voenoek k `voenoen ynqn qfyqfsflnq-hks fl hn dcfn qfkqodcn cfh Onydkhdk cf bqnl flqffld`dflk ~vfyqvfan sv oklqkh knh( dflqns nàdl hf cn n hn enàqdfln yk-ahnodl fh flvf qntk cf fsyfqnlwn nh ovnh nfqqnqsf, Fsks skl hksGvfbks cfh Enàqf vln ok`yfflodn dlflsn cf dyk bhncdnckqflqf 13 nckhfoflfs bvfqqfqks oklkodcks ok`k Sqdavks( qnls`d-dcn fl zdzk fl SZ ensn ~vf skhk vl skaqfzdzdflf ~vfcn t vlnzfw ~vf Mnldss fs dlqkcvodcn lk ent zvfhn nqs,

Fl fsf cn( fl fh Cdsqdk >1( hk dld`nbdlnahf kovqqf hn efq`nln`flkq cf Mnldss( Yqd`qksf( n ~vdfl Mnldss en ntvcnck n nhd`fl-nqsf t hn en ovdcnck ykq `voek df`yk cf sv zdcn( fs fhfbdcn ynqnhks Gvfbks, Fl vln znhdflf `kzdcn cf nvk snoqdodk ~vf fhhn snaf

ykcqn sfhhnq sv cfsdlk( Mnldss sf kqfof zkhvlnqdn ynqn k`nq fhhvbnq cf sv efq`nln, Dlsnllfn`flf( fhhn t sv lvfzk ok-Sqdavk(fh edgk cfh ynlncfqk Yffn @fhhnqm( skl hhfzncks fl ovskcdn( hnl-wncks nh Onydkhdk( nqqkgncks fl onàdks cf nynqdflodn bhn`kqkskst flqfln`dflk nbknckq( yqfynqlcksf n s `ds`ks ynqn sfq fl-qflncks oklqn cfsydncncks Sqdavks cf Onqqfqn( ~vdflfs sklnohn`ncks cfscf hks cdsqdks `s qdoks t sf enl yqfynqnck ynqnfsks gvfbks cvqnlf svs zdcns flfqns, Fl hks cns ~vf zdflfl( angkhn bvn cfh akqqnoek nlfs zflofckq Ent`doe Naf`net( Mnldss

nhnq svs dlsdlks( fgkqnq svs enadhdcncfs okl fh nqok t flkon-q svs oqfodflfs kqnhfwns t sf flon`dlnq fl hk ~vf ynqfof sfqhn nqfn n `nlk7 `nlflfqsf zdzn n kcn oksn,

Yfqk `dflqns flqn n hn aksoksn nqfln fufqdkq ok`k vln skqyqf-sdzn oklflcdflf yvlfqn fl hks Gvfbks( Mnldss ok`dflwn n zfq~v ent `voek `s nhh cf hn yqk`fsn cf n`n( kqvln t fuds-flodn `ds`n fl hn hlfn, Ykq~vf sd fs ~vf fhhn zn n bnlnq( zn n

flfq ~vf k`nq cfodsdklfs nlk cfsnnlfs ok`k cfsbnqqnckqns(yfsnlck fl hn svyfqzdzflodn oklqn ev`nldcnc( sfbvqdcnc oklqnoklnlwn t zdcn oklqn n`kq,

Adflzfldcks n hn dlflsn qfnhdcnc cf Mnldss Fzfqcffl( cf >: nks(~vdfl cfaf dlflnq skaqfzdzdq ykq zfqcncfqk dlbfldk t zkhvlnc

skhn`flf n vl vvqk `vlck ~vf fs n hn zfw cf nhn folkhkbn tnykonhydon( ohn`kqksn t yqd`ddzn( dlfsnahf`flf yfhdbqksn t vlfsyfgk qfzfhnckq cf lkskqks `ds`ks, Cfsnqqkhhlcksf ok`yhfn-`flf n qnzs cfh yvlk cf zdsn yfqsklnh dld`k cf Mnldss( HK_GVFBK_ CFH EN@AQF qfzfhnl o`k fsn edgn cf dlfqk cf vl vv-

qk ksovqk sf qnlskq`n cf vl fqk yfl fl vl oklovqsk hfnh fhf-

zdsnck n vln efqkln f`kdzn snoqdoncn ~vf hhfbn n yfqonnqsf cf

~vf dflf `voek `s ykq yqkfbfq t hvoenq ~vf sv yqkydn n`dhdn,

Ykoks ~vf sf enl floklqnck okl Mnldss enl sdck onynofs cf

qfsdsdq hn f`kodl zdsofqnh cf kasfqznqhn floklqnq sv vfqwn(

qfskhvodl t okqnwl `dflqns fs angk hn yqfsdl `s fuqf`n


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~vf vln nckhfoflf yvcdfqn d`nbdlnq, Fsk vf odfqn`fl-f zfqcncfqk ynqn hks yqkcvokqfs fgfovdzks fl HdklbnfFlfqndl`fl, Ynqn fhhks( fh qfokqqdck cf Mnldss snh cfhns ybdlns cf hn sflsnodl hdfqnqdns cf _vwnllf OkhhdlsHK_ GVFBK_ CFH EN@AQF okl nh afhhfwn t vfqwn( ~vf

sdldfqkl dl`fcdnn`flf ~vf sf `fqfon sfq onyvqncn flhn ynlnhhn,

Ovnlck hn yqkcvokqn Ldln Gnokaskl enan ok`yqnck hkscfqfoeks ynqn hn lkzfhn fl 1994( HK_ GVFBK_ CFH EN@-AQF qfodl ok`flwnan n floklqnq vln nvcdflodn cfzkn,Gnokaskl hk hhfz n hks fgfovdzks cf Hdklbnf Gkf Cqnmf t

Nhhd _efnq`vq( flqf kqks fgfovdzks cf fsvcdk( f dlsnl-lfn`flf sf kasfsdklnqkl okl Mnldss t sv zdngf, Jvf

qfodl ovnlck fh cfsnqqkhhk ok`flw ~vf hn ykyvhnqdcnc cfhks hdaqks oqfod fl nhvqn okl nldodynodl ykq hn yfhov-hn, @dhhklfs ok`flwnqkl n yqfbvlnqsf ok`k vl qfnhdwnckqykcqn hhfznq n hn zdcn fh qfsok bdqk cf Okhhdls fl vl vvqksdldfsqk t s ~vf lncn hhfznq n hn zdcn n hn ok`yhdoncnyfqk znhdflf efqkln ~vf edwk ~vf hn nzflvqn cfh hdaqk sfsdldfqn nl fqqdahf`flf qfnh,

Jdlnh`flf( Hdklbnf t Gnokaskl qfvldfqkl vl f~vdyk( fl-

onafwnck ykq fh zdsvnh`flf znhdflf cdqfokq Bnqt Qkss(~vf vf dbvnh`flf nqnck ykq fh nqok cf Mnldss t o`ksv fzkhvodl ok`k sfq ev`nlk ko n `dhhklfs cf hfokqfs,Hn dcfn cfqs cf hn ncnynodl n hn ynlnhhn fqn ncflqnq-sf zdsvnh`flf fl hn onafwn cf Mnldss( t fl cflddzn svokqnwl( cf hn ds`n kq`n ~vf hk edwk Okhhdls fl ynhnaqns,Fl fsn kq`n( fh h` lk skhk onyvqnqn hns annhhns cf Mn-ldss okl svs ok`ynfqks Sqdavks fl hks Gvfbks( sdlk ~vf

n`adl fuqnfqn hks qdoks f`ns ~vf Okhhdls enan fuyhk-qnck n qnzs cf hn fuyfqdflodn qnlskq`nckqn cf Mnldss7fh snoqdodk yfqsklnh( fh n`kq cfsdlnck n hn dlfhdodcnc t hnyqfbvln cf enodn clcf ykcqn fsnq cdqdbdlcksf lvfsqnskodfcnc,


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Fh `vlck cf Mnldss vf dldodnh`flf dlsydqnck(ovfln Okhhdls( ykq sv nsodlnodl ykq fh nldbvk`dk Bqdfbk cf Sefsfvs ~vdfl oncn lvfzf nksflzdnan n vl bqvyk cf gzflfs n vl hnafqdlk kq-nh ynqn hvoenq oklqn fh `klsqvksk @dlknvqk,

Jvf dbvnh`flf dljvflodncn ykq svs fuyfqdflodnsnh lnzfbnq n qnzs cf hks dl~vdfnlfs cfsflk-~vfs cf qfnhdt SZ t okafqvqn cf bvfqqn( yqfbvl-lcksf hk ~vf fsn `fwohn cf flqffld`dflk tfqqkq cf hn zdcn qfnh nvbvqnqnl ynqn fh vvqk cfhn skodfcnc, Gvlns( fsns cks dcfns sf nncdfqklnh lnod`dflk cf Mnldss Fzfqcffl ~vdfl flqnn vl vvqk zdkhflk t `dok cfscf vln yfqsyfo-

dzn cdsdln n ovnh~vdfq kqn, _v nzflvqn fl fhOnydkhdk cf Ynlf`( vln zfw ~vf k`n fh hvbnq cfsv efq`nln fl hks Gvfbks( ykcqn flfq fh qd`ksdl nhdflk cf vl eqdhhfq cf odflodn oodl( yfqkfs fl fh okqnwl nofqon cf vln oedon ykldlcksffl q`dlks okl hks cdhf`ns `kqnhfs cfh ykcfq(dlgvsdodn t nvk yqfsfqznodl nh `ds`k df`yk flhn zdcn `dflqns n`adl cfsovaqf fh n`kq( dlcf-yflcflodn t sv yqkydn dcfldcnc,

Vln nlfs fsoqdkqn ynqn SZ dlnldh t `ncqf cfcks( Okhhdls floklq vln kq`n cf enofq sfldqfh `vlck cf Mnldss nl yqkvlcn`flf yfqsklnh~vf hks hfokqfs lk yvcdfqnl fzdnq d`nbdlnq o`ksf sfldqnl fl sv hvbnq ovnlck fs hhfzncn n snh-znq n sv efq`nln( sv n`dhdn t n s `ds`n( yfqkflklofs ok`dflwn n zfq fh qntk cf fsyfqnlwn cfvln kykqvldcnc ynqn enofq hn cdfqflodn ynqn hkskqks n qnzs cfh sk`aqk ynlkqn`n cf Ynlf`,

Okhhdls lk fln `dfck cf hhfznq n Mnldss n f-qqflks nqqdfsbncks( ykq~vf snan ~vf hks nckhf-oflfs tn sf nfqqnanl n fsns yqfbvlns fl fh

`vlck n sv nhqfcfckq, Fl sv yqkyvfsn cf hdaqkynqn hn sfqdf( Okhhdls fsoqdad7 Nvl~vf fs sdvn-cn fl fh vvqk( HK_ GVFBK_ FH EN@AQF fuyhkqnnsvlks dl~vdfnlfs cf bvfqqns `kcfqlns nhfsok`k ~vdfl hvoen lvfsqns bvfqqns( o`k skl

kq~vfsncns( t hns kykqvldcncfs sdf`yqf oqf-odflfs cf kasfqznqhns ovnlck svofcfl, Nvl nsanhnlof fsk okl fh oqfod`dflk cf Mnldss t svfzkhvodl fl nhbvdfl nl znhdflf t cf yqdlodydk(ok`k dljfudahf`flf flnw, Fhhn lk ~vf Mnldssnvl~vf dldodnh`flf cfsoklncn( k`n cf fsnnzflvqn vln yqkvlcn onynodcnc ynqn n`nq tsnoqdonqsf ykq n~vfhhn ykon bflf ykq hn ~vf sf

yqfkovyn,Fh svofsk cf HK_ GVFBK_ CFH EN@AQF cfyflcdcf ~vf hks hfokqfs sf dcfldonqnl okl Mnldss t fsk fs funon`flf hk ~vf kovqqd, Fh hdaqk vfyqklk ynsnck cf `nlk fl `nlk( cf hfokq n hfo-kq( cfsnqqkhhnlck vl bqvyk cfzkk cf sfbvdckqfs~vf jvt fl hn ovhvqn bflfqnh, Fh nvkq _fyeflMdlb nykc n Mnldss vln Nlldf Knmhft cf nqok

t jfoen( Sef Nhnldo @kleht hn hhn` fh yfq-sklngf f`fldlk `s d`ykqnlf fl hn qfodflfedskqdn ovhvqnh t Sef Lfr Tkqm Sd`fs fhkbd hnoklsqvoodl cfh `vlck oklzdloflf`flf cf-nhhnck t sv `f`kqnahf`flf ok`yhfgn t nsod-lnlf efqkln cf Okhhdls, _fyefldf @tfq( nvkqncf hn sfqdf OQFY_OVHK( yksf fl sv ahkb7 Hnedskqdn `f `nlvzk hfznlncn ykq znqdns lkoefssfbvdcns( ykq~vf dlohvsk cfsyvs cf fq`dlnqhn(`f ~vfcnan noksncn fl hn on`n adfl cfsydfqnyflsnlck fl fhhn,

Vln zfw ~vf sf ok`flw n ok`flnq skaqf hkshdaqks t hn dl`dlflf yfhovhn( sv ykyvhnqdcnc ok-


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`flw n fsynqodqsf ok`k qfbvfqk cfyhzkqn, Ovnlck fh h` flq fl yqkcvo-odl( evak ofqon cf 5 `dhhklfs cf ok-ydns cf hns lkzfhns fl odqovhnodl= ynqnfh df`yk fl ~vf hn yqkcvoodl lnhdw

evak >1 `dhhklfs t nekqn fh lv`fqk enfuyhknck fl `s cf 1: `dhhklfs, Hnyqd`fqn lkzfhn en ynsnck cfscf flkl-ofs `s cf >59 sf`nlns oklsfovdznst `s cf qfs nks oklsfovdzks ensnhn foen fl hn hdsn cf afssfhhfq cf SefLfr Tkqm Sd`fs, Okhhdls yns n fsoqdadq`s hdaqks fudksks fl hn sfqdf( OnoedlbJdqf t @komdlbgnt( ~vf fsnahfodfqkl nYnlf` ok`k vln fuflsdl ~vf en k-`nck qfsdcflodn yfq`nlflf fl hn d`n-bdlnodl ykyvhnq,

Cfscf fh yqdlodydk( Okhhdls k` hn cfod-sdl cf oklnqhf n Mnldss t hn qfoqfn-odl cf sv zdcn fl Ynlf` n Hdklbnfykq~vf hf bvs sv yqkyvfsn( noofsd-

adhdcnc t ok`yqk`dsk okl fh fsyqdv cfhn edskqdn n qnzs cfh ldzfh nhk flfqkcfh bqvyk h`dok cf Hdklbnf, Skckshks ~vf lfofsdn`ks ynqn hkbqnq ~vf hnyfhovhn kovqqdfqn fsnanl gvsk ne nhfhklk( qfovfqcn fhhn, Fh fsvcdk fqnsvodflf`flf yf~vfk ok`k ynqn~vf fsk vfqn yksdahf t sfl ~vf sfqnlvfsqn `fgkq kykqvldcnc cf zfq hn n hnedskqdn oklzfqdqsf fl h`,

Hdklbnf edwk cf sv `dsdl `ksqnqhf nOkhhdls ~vf sfqnl fhfs n sv zdsdl nhhhfznq fh hdaqk n hn ynlnhhn, _vwnllf

yfls ~vf qn`ks hn onsn cf _NR(qfovfqcn Gkf Cqnmf skaqf sv yqd`fqnhhn`ncn fhfldon okl hn nvkqn( yfqkhn oklzflod`ks cf ~vf ykcn`ks nlf-

gnq sflsddzn t okqqfon`flf fh nfqdnh(

odnlck lvfsqk qnangk fl nhfs h`sok`k hn lk`dlncn nh Yqf`dk cf hn Non-cf`dn YQFODKV_ t hn bnlnckqn n `fgkqyfhovhn OQN_E,

Ldln Gnokaskl fsvzk dbvnh`flf d`-yqfsdklncn okl hn ynsdl cf Hdklbnfykq fh yqktfok, @f sfl nl oklfon-cn t fsnan sfbvqn ~vf enan vln bqnl

yfhovhn ykq enofq yfqk vln ~vf fln~vf sfq qnncn okl ovdcnck( fuyhdonfhhn, Edof vln onvsn `vt nynsdklncnynqn _vwnllf cf ~vf sv zdsdl lfofsdn-an sfq snhznbvnqcncn t Hdklbnf lks cdksv nyktk ok`yhfk ynqn vln ncnynodlfh ~vf lk skhk sfqn nofqon cf snlbqf tyvnhncns( sdlk f`don`flf hhfzncn,

Okhhdls vf dbvnh`flf bqndoncn ykq hnsoklqdavodklfs cf Gnokaskl, Cf kckshks yqkcvokqfs ~vf oklkod`ks( sfl~vf Ldln fln hn oklfudl `s bqnlcfokl fh qnangk( cdof hn nvkqn, Hf oqfovnlck cdgk ~vf enqn kck hk ~vf yvcdf-qn ynqn yqkfbfq sv dlfbqdcnc,

Cfscf fh ok`dflwk( Cqnmf( gvlk okl fh

Yqfsdcflf cf Yqkcvoodl cf HdklbnfNhhd _efnq`vq t fh Gff cf @nqmfdlb Sd`Ynhfl( enanl qffqdck onqdksn`flfn _vwnllf ok`k hn @ncqf Gvfbks cfhEn`aqf, _v `s d`ykqnlf kagfdzk


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fqn `nlflfqsf fhfs n sv yqk`fsn en-odn fhhn skaqf o`k fh hdaqk sfqn qnnck(t sv fhfoodl cf cdqfokq vf hn yqd`fqn t ~vdws hn `s d`ykqnlf cfodsdl~vf k`nqkl fl fh sflcfqk n eklqnq fsf

ok`yqk`dsk n _vwnllf t sv hdaqk,Fh yqkofsk cf snhznbvnqcnq hn edskqdnt fh yfqsklngf cf Mnldss ok`flw oklhn fhfoodl cf vl cdqfokq ~vf qngfqnhn edskqdn n hn zdcn oldon`flf( yfqk`s d`ykqnlf( f`kodklnh`flf, _vfhfoodl vf sfhhncn ovnlck Bnqt Qksssf yqfsfl ynqn hn yqd`fqn qfvldl

okl Hdklbnf yqfynqnck okl fuflsdzksskqtaknqcs( t vln yqfsflnodl fl zd-cfk cf oedoks qfnhfs enahnlck olcd-cn`flf t nynsdklncn`flf skaqf ykq~v n`nl nlk fh hdaqk,

_efnq`vq fuyhdon( Cfsyvs cf fsn`vfsqn cf qf`flck flflcd`dflk tsflsdadhdcnc( kcks nokqcn`ks ~vf Qkss

fqn fh ekàqf ynqn fh qnangk, Fs ok-lkodck ykq hn zdsdl nlsdon cf YHFN-_NLSZDHHF t hns f`kodklfs zdsofqnhfscf _FNAD_OVDS( t fqn fh anhnlof ~vf fqnnl fsflodnh ynqn fsf h`,

Ynqn Gnokaskl( Qkss fln hn `fwohnyfqfon cf enadhdcnc lnqqndzn ydonf dld`n ynqn sv`fqbdq n hn nvcdflodn

cdqfon`flf fl hns fuyfqdflodns `ssvagfdzns cf Mnldss, Bnqt lk fs skhkvl cdqfokq sdlk vl cdqfokq+fsoqdkq tfsk fqn vln `vt d`ykqnlf cdsdlodlynqn fsn yfhovhn( cdof fhhn, Oklsf-

bvdq okqqfon`flf fh hdaqk fqn vln `vtbqnlcf qfsyklsnadhdcnc( t fh flflcd-`dflk cf Bnqt cf ok`k fh Yvlk cf zds-n cf Mnldss cfan sfq fh okqnwl t nh`ncf hn edskqdn vf nofqncn, h sf oklfo

okl _vwnllf( t fq`dlnqkl fsoqdadflckfh bvdkl gvlks, @s d`ykqnlf nl(`dflqns Bnqt fln nskàqksns dcfnszdsvnhfs( sdf`yqf svyk ~vf fsn edskqdnfln ~vf zfldq cf vl hvbnq cf yfqsklngf,

Ns ~vf sf oklqkl n h cf vln kq`nfl hn ~vf hks yfqsklngfs oklcvofl fhsvsyflsk fl oncn bdqk t hn nvcdflodn df-lf hn kykqvldcnc cf fuyfqd`flnq fsf`vlck ok`yhfn`flf cfscf svs kgks,

Qkss qngk flklofs n akqck nh yqkcvokqGkl Mdhdm( okl ~vdfl enan okhnakqnck flYHFN_NLSZDHHF, h( nàdl( vf bnln-ck ykq fh hdaqk, Sdflf fhf`flks cf yf-hovhns ohsdons ~vf sdf`yqf n`( cfscfQFAFHCF _D ONV_N n FH OHVA CF HK_ODLOK %AQFNMJN_S OHVA$( `fwohnck

okl vln zdsdl cf vl hvbnq `nhk enodncklcf lvfsqn skodfcnc ykcqn fsnqcdqdbdlcksf, Floklq fsk ok`k vln`fwohn nskàqksn t nl yqklk ok`k hkhf( hf cdgf n Bnqt ~vf fsnan cflqk( qf-ovfqcn Mdhdm, Ef oklkodck n Bnqt cfscf>442 t svyf ~vf fqn hn fhfoodl okqqfonynqn HK_ GVFBK_ CFH EN@AQF ykq~vf

fln edgks ~vf nckqnanl fh hdaqk( t ykq-~vf h fln fsn qnqn t ldon enadhdcnccf fzkonq hn nlsdfcnc nckhfoflf t hks`vlcks nhfqlndzks, Nvl onlck fsnedskqdn qnlsovqqf fl fh vvqk( oqfk ~vf


10/38


11/38

Bnqt yfqodad ~vf fs `s vl qfjfgk cf hn novn-hdcnc cf hk ~vf ykcqns yflsnq t fsk fs fh ykq

~v hn bflf( lk skhk oedoks sdlk nàdl ncvh-ks( qfnh`flf sf oklfonl n Mnldss t Ynlf`,

Mnldss fs dlflnlck skaqfzdzdq n vl `vlckcvqk cf gvfbks t `nldyvhnodl( ok`k lkskqkshk enof`ks,

YNLF@ N SQNZ_ CF HK_ KGK_ CF MNSLD__Bnqt Qkss vf fsdbk ykq yqd`fqn zfw cfh d`yno-k cf HK_ GVFBK_ CFH EN@AQF t Mnldss Fzfq-cffl okl svs yqkydks edgks, K n hn bflf qfl-don ykq HK_ GVFBK_ CFH EN@AQF t ovnlck hfyqfbvl n `ds edgks skaqf h( fhhks fuyhknqklfl odfqn kq`n t ok`flwnqkl n sfbvdq t sfbvdqensn ~vf vzf ~vf cfflfqhks cf oklnq`f hn

edskqdn ok`yhfn( qfovfqcn h, _v flvsdns`kfqn nl dlfoodksk( ~vf vd nqqdan( ok`flo n hffq(t ynqn hn >7?9 n,`,( cdgf flbk ~vf enofq fsnyfhovhn, Jvf ns cf d`yvhsdzk,

Dl`fcdnn`flf( Qkss fln vln q`f zdsdl cfhk ~vf tnof fl fh okqnwl cfh nqnodzk cf HK_GVFBK_ CFH EN@AQF, @d `flf fsnan ohnqncfscf fh ok`dflwk( cdof h, Zd ~vf enan nhbk

qfnh`flf efq`ksk kovqqdflck cfangk cf hn eds-kqdn, Fs kazdn`flf vl qfhnk f`kodklnlf`fl-f zdsofqnh cf svyfqzdzflodn cflqk cfh fsyfhvw-lnlf fsyfoovhk cfh vvqk, Yfqk oqfk ~vf hk~vf fl qfnhdcnc nsodln n hn bflf n ynsnq fh hdaqkcf vln yfqskln n hn kqn fs ~vf fs fl fh klckskaqf vln oedon( Mnldss Fzfqcffl( floklqnlcksv yqkydn ev`nldcnc, Fhhn ok`dflwn ok`k nh-

bvdfl ~vf skhk ~vdfqf hvoenq ykq s ds`n( ykq svsvyfqzdzflodn yfqsklnh yfqk hk ~vf flovflqnfl fh ovqsk cf hks Gvfbks fs nhbk `s d`ykq-nlf ~vf sd~vdfqn `nlflfqsf zdzn, _v okqnwlsf naqf t fhhn sf oklzdfqf fl nhbvdfl ~vf fs

cdsyvfsn n snoqdonqsf ykq nhbk `s bqnlcf,

h okldln7 Hk fsflodnh fs ~vf fss fl hkswnynks cf Mnldss, Fl _FNAD_OVDS( ~vdsf yklfqzdsofqnh`flf n hn nvcdflodn fl hn ydsn cf on-qqfqn, Fl HK_ GVFBK_ CFH EN@AQF( hn nvcdflodnfln ~vf fsnq fl hn onafwn cf Mnldss, S snafshk ~vf fhhn snaf, Lk snafs `s, Fss fl fsnfuyfqdflodn >99& okl fhhn, Ynqn fsf l( fh h`qf~vdqd vl fsdhk vt svagfdzk, Cfan sfq vqbfl-f( dl`fcdnk t nyqfnck okl Mnldss fh df`ykok`yhfk,

_v cfsfk cf hhfznq hn `dsdl cf Mnldss ykq sv-yfqzdzflodn t nhbk `s n hn zdcn ykcqn enafqsdck dlsnllfn yfqk Qkss dflf vln hnqbn edsk-

qdn cf hhfznq d`nbdlndzn`flf cfnhhncks t lvl-on nlfs zdsks `vlcks n hn ynlnhhn, Ok`flwokl sv bvdkl lk`dlnck nh Yqf`dk cf hn Noncf-`dn ynqn ^VD_DFQN _FQ BQNLCF %ADB$ skaqf vlldk qnlskq`nck fl ekàqf= fzkhvodkl oklsv cfav fl hn cdqfoodl okl YHFN_NLSZDHHF( fhovnh h nàdl fsoqdad( skaqf cks nckhfoflfsqnlsykqncks n vln ok`fcdn cf sdvnodklfs cf

hks 69s= t okldlv okl _FNAD_OVDS( hn ovnh fs-oqdad( yqkcvgk t cdqdbd( hhfznlck n hn nvcdflodncflqk cfh nfqdnh cf hn Bqnl Cfyqfsdl n qnzscf hn edskqdn lncn yqkanahf cf vl onanhhk cf on-qqfqns fl cfszflngn,


12/38

Qkss fsnan nekqn hdsk ynqn nakqcnq hn oqfnodlcf Ynlf` ok`yhfn`flf ok`k sfqn zdsnykq Mnldss `dflqns zdngn cf sv qf`kk Cdsqdk`nh qfok`yflsnck ensn fh Onydkhdk skqyqfl-cflf( t cflqk cfh aks~vf d`yfqcklnahf cklcf

hks Gvfbks ok`dflwnl( sv yfqsyfodzn sf n`yhnn oncn ynsk, h ok`flw tflck cdqfon`flfn hn vflf( dlzdnlck n _vwnllf Okhhdls n ok-hnakqnq fl hn ncnynodl( t ynqn qnfq kck svoklkod`dflk yqkvlck enodn hks Gvfbks t hnzdcn dlfqln cf Mnldss, Lk skhk fqn ~vf _v-wnllf fsvzdfqn dlzkhvoqncn, Lks oklzfqd`ksfl vl f~vdyk cf fsoqdvqn( cfohnqn Qkss, Jvfvln skodfcnc nlsdon t fhoqdon, _nafq ~vffss fsoqdadflck vl h` lk skhk nyktnck ykqhn nvkqn sdlk ~vf okl sv oklqdavodl fs vl qf-bnhk qfnh,

Okhhdls qfovfqcn7 Bnqt fsoqdad vl akqqnckq ~vfdlokqykqnan sv dloqfahf zdsdl cdqfodzn cfh h`t flklofs `vt bflfqksn`flf `f dlzd nqnangnq okl h, Svzd`ks vln oklfudl oqfndzn

dl`fcdnn t fsd`vhnlf ~vf hhfz fh bvdkl nhyqd`fq cn cf h`nodl,

Okhhdls flflcd ~vf fh h` lfofsdnqn sfq svyqkydn fuyfqdflodn( sdl d`ykqnq hk fh ~vf sfnn hn fsflodn cfh hdaqk, Ovnlck fss ncnynlckvln lkzfhn n vln yfhovhn cf cks ekqns yvfcfshhfznq kck okldbk( lkn fhhn, Lk kcks hksyfqsklngfs znl n hkbqnq hhfbnq n hn ynlnhhn, Ykq

fgf`yhk( ofcd`ks n @ncbf( okqn`ks hn edskqdnynsncn cf ldn cf Nzku( t qfcvgd`ks nh bqvyk cfOnqqfqn, Jvf cvqk cfgnqhks dq yfqk lk oqfk ~vfhns cfodsdklfs cnfl fh nqok f`kodklnh cf hnedskqdn, Flklofs fsvzk hn yqfbvln cf o`k

k`nq cf hn fgkq kq`n vl hdaqk oklnck fl yqd-`fqn yfqskln t qnlskq`nqhk fl vln fuyfqdfl-odn cqn`don sndsnokqdn, Fl hn lkzfhn( lvloncfgns n Mnldss ykq vl sfbvlck t ok`ynqd`kskcks svs yflsn`dflks, Lfofsdn`ks flokl-

qnq kq`ns cf cqn`ndwnq sv `vlck dlfqlk,@dflqns Qkss t Okhhdls qnangnqkl n qnzs cffsks yfqsklngfs ok`k nàdl hn ovfsdlcf o`k yqfsfqznq hn zdkhflodn ~vf fs ynqf dl-fbqnh cf hk ~vf Mnldss flqfln fl vln kq`nnyqkydncn t nvl ns d`ynonlf ynqn vln nv-cdflodn `ntkq cf >3 nks hhfbnqkl n nc`dqnqhn oqfndzdcnc cfh kqk, Jvf vl yhnofq ok`yhfk

qnangnq okl Bnqt( qfsv`f Okhhdls, Nskàqk-sn`flf nhflksk( okhnakqndzk t sdf`yqf qfs-yfvksk cfh hdaqk,

Skcks hks dlzkhvoqncks fsnanl f`kodklnckscf zfq jkqfofq sv okhnakqnodl, _vwnllf hfcfg n Bnqt dlfqyqfnq hn `fwohn cf sfhfoodlcf fhflok( kkbqnn t cdsfk cf yqkcvoodl(yfqk nàdl hk nykt nqsdon`flf( fuyhdon

Gkl Mdhdm, @dflqns Bnqt sf nsfbvq ~vf kcnshns dcfns vvqdsns t cdsfks dlbfldksks cfh hd-aqk fsvzdfqnl ne( fh bvdkl ~vf h t _vwnllffsoqdadfqkl fs qfnh`flf skaqf qfhnodklfs( n-`dhdn( svyfqzdzflodn t hn edskqdn cf vln oedondlflnlck floklqnq sv on`dlk n onsn,

Ynqn Qkss( hn ncnynodl n hn ynlnhhn fln ~vfok`flwnq okl fh `vlck ~vf edwk cf Mnldss

~vdfl fs7 Ynlf`( vln fuflsdl vvqn cf vl hv-bnq `nhk ~vf hf cfaf n hns ohsdons dljvflodnscf Bfkqbf Kqrfhh n @nqbnqf Nrkkc( nvl ovnl-ck Okhhdls edwk fsyfodok ynqn nàks vl yvlkcf zdsn cf >: nks t lvfsqk `k`flk novnh


13/38


14/38


15/38

fl hn ovhvqn n`fqdonln, Hn edskqdn ynsncn cfYnlf` ~vf fln ~vf sfq nhvcdcn fs ~vf vlnznqdfcnc cf vfqwns - onhfln`dflk bhkanh(fsonsfk cf qfovqsks( bvfqqns fuflsns( kcnsfsns oksns cfsykgnqkl hk ~vf skhn sfq hn ovh-

vqn n`fqdonln t ovh`dl fl vl fsnck `vtkyqfsdzk, Ovnlck hks cdsqdks sf qfafhnqkl( fhOnydkhdk dlsdvt hks Gvfbks cfh Enàqf ok`k`fcdk cf oklqkh( ynqn `nlflfq n hn bflf flhlfn( fuyhdon Qkss,

Snlk Qkss ok`k Okhhdls ~vdsdfqkl qfsnhnq hnkq`n fl ~vf hks Gvfbks n`yhdonl hn kasf-sdl novnh cf hn fhfzdsdl cf qfnhdt fl nhbk

~vf yklf n Mnldss t svs ok`ynfqks Sqdavksfl yfhdbqk `kqnh, Snl sdldfsqk t cfsyqfodnckok`k skl hks Gvfbks( hn bflf n qnzs cf Yn-lf` sdl fànqbk fs nqnyncn fl fhhks ykq~vfcfsfnl zfq n nhbvdfl okl ~vdfl sf dcfld~vflqdvlnlck t flfq sv zdcn qnlskq`ncn,

Hks Gvfbks skl ok`k fsyfoovhks Qk`nlksyfqk nàdl skl ok`k hks cf SZ cf qfnhdt ~vf

zf`ks fl hn novnhdcnc( ok`fln Qkss, Hnbflf fs nsodlncn ykq hks Gvfbks ykq~vf kcksflf`ks fsn lfofsdcnc cf oklfonqlks okl nh-bvdfl ynqn enofqhk, Ovnlck fh Yqfsdcflf _lkrcdof hn ldon oksn `s vfqf ~vf fh `dfck fs

hn fsyfqnlwn( fs ykq~vf h snaf ~vf hn fsyf-qnlwn fs hk ~vf enof ~vf hn bflf sf dlzkhvoqfnlk okl fh kqlfk, Fs vln cf hns oksns aqdhhnlf~vf _vwnllf enof fl fh hdaqk fhhn snaf ~vf hn`fgkq kq`n cf oklqkhnq n hn bflf lk fs sva-

tvblckhn sdlk enofqhn ynqdodynq, Ns fs ok`kfh Onydkhdk vsn hks Gvfbks ynqn oklqkhnq n hkscdsqdks,

Qkss nàdl ok`flw n d`nbdlnq hn nq~vdfo-vqn sdon cfh Onydkhdk( cfh ovnh snan fln ~vfdqqncdnq nvkqdcnc n Mnldss yfqk nàdl qfzf-hnq hn cfoncflodn oldon cf n~vfhhks ~vf yqks-yfqnqnl `dflqns fhhn t hks kqks hvoenqnl, h t

Okhhdls oklokqcnqkl fl ~vf hn odvcnc cfan sfqyhnlncn fl hn edskqdn( lk fl hn nlnsn( dlohvsknvl ovnlck onsd naqv`n n Mnldss nh ok`dflwk,^vdsd`ks ~vf fh Onydkhdk cdfqn vl sfldck cfsv ynsnck( fuyhdon h, _d zfw ovnh~vdfq nsdflkcf ykcfq cfscf hn Yvfqn cf Aqnlcfavqbk nhn Yhnwn Qkgn fs vl fsynodk nadfqk yvlvnckykq fcdodks cf qf`flcn `nsn, Fsn vf lvfs-qn dcfn cfqs, Ynqn Mnldss fzkon vl sfldck

cf ykcfq t vfqwn,


16/38

Fl fh Cdsqdk >17

Mnldss7 Fh Sqdavk ~vf sf zvfhzf vln efqkln ovnlck sf kqfof zkhvlnqdn ynqn

k`nq fh hvbnq cf sv efq`nln fl hks Gvfbks cfh Enàqf,

Bnhf7 fh ok`ynfqk onwnckq( qfafhcf t `fgkq n`dbk cf Mnldss( ~vf fs cfsok-qnwklnck ovnlck fhhn sf kqfof zkhvlnqdn t ynqf ynqn hks Gvfbks,

Yffn7 Fh Sqdavk `nsovhdlk cfh Cdsqdk >1( ~vf en nhafqbnck cfscf enof `v-oek sfld`dflks ykq Mnldss,

Fh F~vdyk cf Hks Gvfbks cfh Enàqf cf

Mnldss7Ent`doe7Zflofckq cf hks Gvfbks cfh Enàqf 69( nekqn qnqn`flf vl skaqdk`flkq ynqn Mnldss t Yffn

Ff7 Hn nok`ynnlf cf yfdlnck fhnakqnck cf Mnldss t `nlfgnckqn cf Qf-hnodklfs Yvahdons ynqn hks Gvfbks,

Odlln7 fh fsdhdsn yfqsklnh cf Mnldss ynqn hks gvfbks ~vf sf zvfhzf sv dlfs-yfqnck oklcflf t ynqdcnqdk,

Ykqdn7 hn fsdhdsn cf Yffn ynqn hks Gvfbks,Zfldn( Jhnzdkvs t Konzdn7 fh F~vdyk cf yqfynqnodl cf Mnldss ynqn hks Gvfbks,

^VDFL F_ ^VDFL


17/38

Sqdavks Ohnzf7

@nqzfh t Bhd``fq7 Hks cfsydncncks( yfhdbqksks t eadhfs Sqdavks Onqffq cfh

Cdsqdk >

Onk t Ohkzf7Zdldflck cfscf fh Cdsqdk 1( hks cks `s f`dcks Sqdavks cfOnqffq fl hks gvfbks

Jkunof7 fh Sqdavk f`fldlk cfh Cdsqdk 6( ovtn dlfhdbflodn hn hhfzn n nzkqf-ofq hn fsqnfbdn skaqf hn vfqwn,

Qvf7 fh Sqdavk `s gkzfl cfh Cdsqdk >>( ~vf sf zvfhzf hn nhdncn `s ofqonlncf Mnldss,

Seqfse7 Fh qdavk `nsovhdlk cfh Cdsqdk >>

Hks Ykcfqfs cfh Onydkhdk7

Yqfsdcflf _lkr7 fh cdonckq cf Ynlf` ~vf qdbf okl sv yqkydk sfhhk cf aqvn-hdcnc cfsyqfkovyncn

_flfon Oqnlf7 hn onafwn Oqfnckq cf Gvfbks( ~vf oqf fh Gvfbk cfh En`aqf 23

Onfsnq Jhdomfq`nl7 fh flqfzdsnckq kodnh cf fhfzdsdl ynqn hks Gvfbks

Ohnvcdvs Sf`yhfs`de7 fh dln`f nlvlodnckq cf SZ ynqn hks Gvfbks cfh En`aqf

FL YNLF@


18/38

FH ON_SDLB CF HK_GVFBK_

Vln zfw ~vf ok`flw n ok`flnqsf ~vf hn zfqsdlh`don cf HK_ GVFBK_ CFH EN@AQF fsnan fl`nqoen( hn fsyfovhnodl skaqf fh onsdlb qkck enodn

vl fl`flk cf dlfqlf yqkydk, Flqf hn yqkynbnl-cn( hks qfnhdwnckqfs ok`flwnqkl n yklfqsf fl fq-`dlk okl hk dlflsn`flf dlzfqdcks ~vf fsvzdfqklhks nl cfh hdaqk nh zfq nhbk ~vf yvcdfqnl oqffq fl hnynlnhhn, _f zkhzd ohnqk ~vf kcks hks ~vf hftfqklfh hdaqk flnl sv yqkydn dcfn ohnqn cf ~vdfl cfansfq Mnldss( Bnhf k Yffn( lkn Bnqt Qkss, Fs vlfsn`flk cf hk oklfoncn ~vf fsnan hn bflf

okl fsn edskqdn( t hk floklq fuqf`ncn`flff`kodklnlf,

Ldln Gnokaskl nncf7 Hn bflf kydlnan `voekskaqf ~vdfl cfan dlfqyqfnq hks qkhfs t fsk fqnkazdn`flf `voen yqfsdl, Yfqk `f sfl cf hn`ds`n kq`n ovnlck hf fh hdaqk lk ~vdfqk ~vflncdf hk nqqvdlf, Ns ~vf ovnlck ok`flwn`ks fhyqkofsk cf onsdlb( enahn`ks `voek skaqf avsonq

hn fsflodn cf fsks yfqsklngfs fl hks nokqfs, Yvf-cfs oqfnq `voens oksns cdfqflfs fl hn ynlnhhn(yfqk lk yvfcfs oqfnq fsn fsflodn, Sdflfs ~vf dq tfloklqnqhn,

Mnldss t fh Cdsqdk >1

Ok`flw okl fh yfqsklngf `s cdodh cf kcks cfsfhfoodklnq hn oedon ~vf sf nhwn cfscf fh ykhzk t

hn `vbqf cfh cdsqdk `dlfqk cf Ynlf` ynqn zkhzfq-sf vln efqkln qfafhcf f`ahf`don7 Mnldss Fzfq-cffl, _vs kqbflfs ykcqnl sfq ok`vlfs( yfqk Mn-ldss fs kck `flks vln oedon sd`yhf, Hhfzncn ykqodqovlsnlodns sfzfqns( fhhn yvfcf sfq qn t onhov-


19/38

hnckqn n zfofs yfqk fl sv lohfk fs nalfbncn thfnh, Okl skhk >:( nàdl fs fl fh yqkofsk cfkq`nq svs yqkydks dcfnhfs t lkodklfs cfh n`kqt hn nvkznhkqnodl fl vl `vlck cklcf nhfsoksns skl onsd d`yksdahfs,

Mnldss fs vln skaqfzdzdflf fqkw f dlcfyfl-cdflf( cfsoqdaf Bnqt Qkss, Fs vln onwnckqn(vln nq~vfqn t vln nhfn( t `dflqns hn edskqdnok`dflwn( tn dflf fsns nskàqksns enadhdcn-cfs ~vf cfsnqqkhhn ynqn yqkfbfq t yqkfbfq nsv n`dhdn, @s d`ykqnlf( fhhn fs nhbvdfl ~vfhhfbn n oklkofq sv yqkydn zfqcnc, Vln oksn ~vf_vwnllf t tk enahn`ks fs ~vf fhhn fs vl ykok

ok`k Gvnln cf Nqok nhbvdfl ~vf lk yvfcfnflfqsf n hks dqnlks( hk ovnh lnh`flf hf cn fhznhkq ynqn cfsnnq nh Onydkhdk,

Hn yqkcvokqn fgfovdzn Qkadl Adssfhh kasfqzn`s nhh( Fl `fcdk cf hks Gvfbks( yqfbvlnsd`ykqnlfs svqbfl ynqn Mnldss lk skhk yvf-cf fhhn skaqfzdzdq sdlk ~vf fs onynwn cf n`nq(t n ~vdfl n`n fhhn; Bnln cfsnonahf kqnhfwn

yfqk nàdl jkqfof ok`k sfq ev`nlk,Noqdofs gzflfs nhqfcfckq cfh `vlck ~vdsdfqklfh qkh( yfqk hn as~vfcn fq`dl ovnlck Qkss thks fgfovdzks cf Hdklbnf oklkodfqkl n GflldfqHnrqflof( ~vdfl en oksfoenck vln lk`dlnodlnh Ksonq ykq sv cfznsnckqn dlfqyqfnodl ok`kvln ldn yqkfbdflck n sv n`dhdn fl fh eqdhhfqdlcfyflcdflf cf angk yqfsvyvfsk RDLSFQ_

AKLF, @s d`ykqnlf( Okhhdls `ds`n hf cdk svaflcdodl n Hnrqflof,

Okhhdls nc`df ~vf dldodnh`flf vzk nhbvlnnyqflsdl skaqf hn dcfn cf ~vf nhbvdfl yvcdfqn


20/38

flonqlnq n hn Mnldss ~vf enan d`nbdlnck, YfqkHnrqflof yvsk fsns yqfkovynodklfs fl cfsonl-sk, Fl vln onqn n hks hfokqfs cf Flfqndl`flRffmht( Okhhdls fsoqdad7 Fl sv ydfwn cf nvcd-odl cfsnonahf( zd n Gflldfq yfqskldonq oncn

ovnhdcnc fsflodnh lfofsnqdn ynqn dlfqyqfnq nMnldss, Zd n vln oedon ~vf dflf fh ykflodnh cfohfqn ynqn flzdnq vln jfoen enodn hks Oqfnck-qfs cf Gvfbk t cnq hn yqkfoodl ynqn enofq cfQvf sv nhdncn, vf en okl~vdsnck hks okqnwklfscf Yffn t Bnhf nvl ovnlck en efoek hk `fgkq~vf yvck ynqn flofqqnqsf f`kodklnh`flf cfovnh~vdfq oksn ~vf hn hhfzf n vl qk`nlof, @s~vf lncn( oqfk ~vf fsn fqn vln oedon ~vf ykcqn

enafq qfsdsdck n vl yvnck cf znhhncks f dlodnqn hks cdsqdks bkhyfncks cf Ynlf` n qfafhnqsf,Oqfk ~vf fsn fqn hn ovfsdl fsflodnh ynqn `,Ykcqn dlsydqnq oqfahf`flf vln qfafhdl; Yqk-tfon fhhn hn kqnhfwn( cfsnk f dlfhfok ~vf lf-ofsdnqns ynqn sfbvdqhn fl vln bvfqqn sfbvqk;Ynqn `( fhhn hk enof, Gflldfq fs vln dloqfahfnoqdw, Snl yklcfqksn( zvhlfqnahf( efq`ksn( sdl

yfqcl t znhdflf( lvlon yfls ~vf floklqnqn-`ks n nhbvdfl nl nskàqksn ynqn fsf qkh, T lkyvfck fsyfqnq ynqn ~vf kcks hn zfnl dlfqyqf-nqhn,

_fl ~vf floklqn`ks n vln yfqskln ~vf yk-cqn dlfqyqfnq n Mnldss( qfovfqcn Qkss skaqffloklqnq n Hnrqflof, Sqnang okl `voeksnokqfs skàqksks yfqk oqfk ~vf nhbvdfl ok`k

Gfl svqbf vln skhn zfw fl vln bflfqnodl, Fhhnfs vl dloqfahf nhflk t qnf nlns ovnhdcncfs~vf skl oqvcns t zfqcncfqns nh yfqsklngf( cfs-cf sv nhfds`k lnvqnh n sv ykcfq f`kodklnh,_df`yqf yvfck d`nbdlnq cdfqflfs zfqsdklfs cf

hks h`s ~vf cdqdgk( yfqk lk yvfck d`nbdlnq vlnzfqsdl cf fsf h` sdl Gfl,

Gnokaskl nncf7 Fl sv nvcdodl( Gfl qkak fh qkh,Evak ykcfq( dlflsdcnc t sfbvqdcnc dlsnllfnfl sv dlfqyqfnodl, Nhbvln bflf yvfcf sfq f-

qkw t kqn yvfcf sfq dfqln( yfqk Gfl fs nàns,Hnrqflof cdof ~vf vln oksn dlsnllfn`flfhn hhfz cflqk cf hn yqkvlcdcnc cf Mnldss7 _vkqnhfwn, Fhhn okldln7 sdf`yqf `f nqnfl hksyfqsklngfs vfqfs( ykq~vf ~vdfqk sfq ns, Fsn fsvln oedon ~vf dflf fh `vlck ok`yhfk yvfskfl svs ekàqks t sf zvfhzf vln ohnsf cf Gvnlcf Nqok vvqdsn, _vyf ~vf fln `voek qfsyfk

ykq hks hdaqks t ~vdfl fs fhhn( ~vf lk enan lncn~vf lk edodfqn ynqn hkbqnqhk fl hn kq`n okqqfon,Snàdl nckqnan ~vf Bnqt flflcdfqn ~vf fsnyfhovhn lk fs skaqf Mnldss zdlcksf bfldnh oklvl nqok t jfoen fs nofqn cf fhhn sdflck cfsok-qnwklncn ykq kck hk ~vf dflf ~vf enofq,

Hn noqdw fsnan cffq`dlncn ykq hk ~vf snan~vf sfqn fsoqvdldk dlflsk ykq hks `dhhklfs cfnls cf Mnldss, Ent `voen yqfsdl ovnlck dl-fqyqfns n vl yfqsklngf ykq fh ~vf `voen bflffs hkon( yfqk sfl ~vf ykcn fsnq qnl~vdhnykq~vf fsnan ok`yqk`fdcn ykq enofqhk hk `f-

gkq ~vf yvcdfqn( cfohnqn Hnrqflof, _nan ~vffln`ks vl bqvyk nhflksk cf bflf flkoncnfl enofq hn `fgkq yfhovhn yksdahf t fsk fs fl hk~vf oqf,

Okl Hnrqflof sfhfoodklncn( hn sdbvdflf nqfnvf floklqnq n hks `voenoeks okl ~vdflfs fhhnfs f`ynqfgncn fl hks Gvfbks7 sv ok-Sqdavk(Yffn @fhhnqm( ~vdfl en fsnck fln`kqnck ykq


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`voek df`yk cf Mnldss yfqk lk fs sfbvqkcf ~vf yvfcn oklnq fl fhhn, Sk`nlck n Yffnfs Gkse Evoefqskl( `fgkq oklkodck ykq svsqkhfs fl SEF MDC_ NQF NHH QDBES t AQDCBF SKSFQDADSEDN t vln zfw `s Qkss fsvzk dls-

nllfn`flf sfbvqk skaqf hn fhfoodl, Jvfdloqfahf`flf ohnqk okl Gkse, h zdlk t vf on-ynw cf nqdovhnq kck hk ~vf sfld`ks skaqf fhyfqsklngf( qfovfqcn fh cdqfokq, Cdgk Yffn fsnhbvdfl ~vf yvfcf cfsnq`nq fh `vlck okl svonqds`n( yfqk snaf n ~vdl n`n t sdf`yqf n`n Mnldss, h hn n`n nl dlflsn`flf( fhhn fs hnyfqskln ykq hn ~vf h cnqn kck, Cfsyvs cffsk( sfl nekqn flbk n Yffn t yvfck enofq

fsf h`,

_vwnllf Okhhdls vf dbvnh`flf hhfzncn ykq hnsfhfoodl, Fhhn hk yvsk cf fsn kq`n n Flfq-ndl`fl Rffmht7 _d Gkse evadfqn sdck yvqyvqnt vzdfqn nhns cf sfds ydfs f edodfqn hn nvcdodl(evadfqn cdoek fhgnlhk. Ykcf`ks qnangnq oklhns nhns. Fqn ns cf avflk,

Evoefqskl qfovfqcn ~vf nh `dlvk ~vf ok-`flw n hffq fh hdaqk( vf sv`fqbdck t sdld vlnoklfudl okl Yffn, Lvlon zd vl yfqsklngfnl ofqonlk n ` ok`k yfqskln( cdof h, _vev`kq ~vf lk sf k`n fl sfqdk( sv yfqsyfodzncf hn zdcn( t hn kq`n fl ~vf ~vdfqf nlflfqsffh n ~vdfl fs sdl d`ykqnq hk ~vf sfnl fsnsoksns okl hns ~vf yvcdfqn qfhnodklnq`f cf `dyqkydn zdcn, Fsnan `vt `fdck fl Yffn cfscf

fh ok`dflwk,

Ovnlck hks Gvfbks fsl fl `nqoen( Yffn sfzvfhzf dlohvsk `s ohnqk skaqf sv kagfdzk, _v`fn fs nsfbvqnqsf cf ~vf Mnldss skaqfzdzn(

fuyhdon Evoefqskl, _v enadhdcnc `s bqnlcffs sv cfsqfwn ynqn enahnq okl hn bflf( ynqnlfbkodnq t `nldyvhnq( t vsn fsk lk fl vln kq-`n `n~vdlnckqn sdlk ynqn yqkfbfq n Mnldss,

Fsk vf sflodhhk ynqn Evoefqskl( cncn sv qf-

hnodl okl Hnrqflof, Oqfk ~vf Gfl flonysvhnyfqfon`flf n vln gkzfl `vgfq ~vf flovfl-qn fh ykcfq ynqn ovdcnq cf s ds`n t cf kqks nsv nhqfcfckq, Fhhn dflf vln cvqfwn t zvhlfqnad-hdcnc ~vf fs efq`ksn t qfnh`flf bfldnh( cdofh cf sv ok-fsqfhhn,

Dlfqyqfnlck nh zdfgk n`dbk cf Mnldss fl fhCdsqdk >1 fs fh nokq nvsqnhdnlk Hdn` Ef`-srkqe, h( nàdl( zdlk nh sf okl vl sfldck`vt vfqf cf sv yfqsklngf, Bnhf fs vl oed-ok cfoflf yfqk cf `flnhdcnc vfqf ~vf kcdn`s ~vf lncn nh Onydkhdk( cdof fh nokq, hkcdn kck hk ~vf qfyqfsfln, h kcdn hk ~vf hfenofl n hn bflf, T oqff ~vf hks Gvfbks cfhEnàqf skl vt( vt dlokqqfoks, Okl Mnldss(sdf`yqf sdld ~vf fqnl fh ldok fsonyf cf kqk

cf fsf ekqqdahf `vlck fl fh ~vf zdzfl, Yfqkvln zfw ~vf Mnldss fs fhfbdcn ynqn hks Gvfbkscfh Enàqf( fs kqwnck n zfq kck fsk cfsn-qqkhhnqsf okl Yffn( yqfbvllcksf okl ~vdflqfnh`flf fs cfsdlncn n fq`dlnq,

Gkl Mdhdm lkn7 Enofq fh onsdlb ynqn HK_ GVF-BK_ CFH EN@AQF vf ok`k flongnq ydfwns cf

vl qk`yfonafwns ydok t Hdn` ok`k Bnhf vfvln cf fsns ydfwns ~vf flongnanl yfqfon-`flf, Sdflf vln yqfsflodn sdon ykcfqksn( tvln ohnsf cf ovnhdcnc efqkdon lnvqnh( ~vf qfnh-`flf qfyqfsfln ~vdfl fs Bnhf fl fh hdaqk,


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Fh cdsqdk >1 fs n`adl fh ekbnq cf vlnyfqskln ~vf nhd`fln hks dlsdlks cf sv-yfqzdzflodn cf Mnldss ok`k ldlbl kqk7Yqd`qksf( hn efq`nldn ~vf Mnldss gvq ~vfsdf`yqf yqkfbfqn t ovtk hvbnq k`n fl hks

Gvfbks, Fl hns nvcdodklfs( Qkss fsvzk dl`f-cdnn`flf d`yqfsdklnck okl Rdhhkr _edfhcs(vln ldn cf >> nks cf Nhav~vfq~vf( Lvfzk@udok, Rdhhkr vf vlk cf fsks flovflqks(t fsvzf sdl enahn ykq~vf vln oedon n svfcnc yvcdfqn flfq nlk nhflk( cdof Qkss,

_edfhcs cdof( Yqd` fs nhbvdfl ~vf en fldckvln zdcn qfnh`flf cvqn t nvl ns sdf`yqf fs

`vt sfqzdodnh t nbqncnahf okl sv efq`nln,Vln zfw ~vf Mnldss fs flzdncn nh Onydkhdk(Yqd`qksf fs cfgncn nh ovdcnck cf sv `ncqfzdvcn qnv`ndwncn( ~vdfl lnh`flf ok-`dflwn n cfsyfqnq cf sv oklvsdl, @qs,Fzfqcffl fs dlfqyqfncn ykq Ynvhn @nhok`-skl( hn noqdw dqhnlcfsn zdsn fl Cfncrkkc(Hks t _kls k Nlnqoet, Ynqn @nhok`skl(HK_ GVFBK_ CFH EN@AQF fqn vln fuyfqdfl-odn cf oklgvlk zfqcncfqn, Bnqt qfvld n vlbqnl fhflok, Fs nhbvdfl ykq ~vdfl oncn cf-nhhf fs yqfodksk t fsn fs hn ohnsf cf oksns~vf hks nokqfs n`nl7 kcn fsn oklfodzdcnccf fgdck ~vf f yfq`df fuyhkqnq hks `k`fl-ks flqf hks k`flks( cdof fhhn, Floklqf`kodklnlf zfq fsf flk`flnh hdaqk hhfznckn hn zdcn ykq bflf ~vf hf yqfkovynan `voek

hk ~vf fsnan enodflck,


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Ovnlck Mnldss t Yffn skl nqqnsqncks nh Onydkhdk ynqn hks Gvf-bks( svs zdcns skl cfgncns nqs ykq vl f~vdyk cfzkk ynqn okl-zfqdqhks fl svyfqfsqfhhns cf SZ t bvfqqfqks nsvks, Fh yqkofskok`yhfk fs svyfqzdsnck ykq Ff Sqdlmf( sv nok`ynnlf `vtzfqsdh t ~vdfl enof on`ynn cf Qfhnodklfs Yvahdons, Ynqn dlfq-yqfnq n hn fsonlcnhksn yfqk dbvnh`flf cfsfsyfqncn Ff( Qkssfhdbd n Fhdwnafe Anlms, Fh cdqfokq enan qnangnck okl fhhn fl

_FNAD_OVDS( yfqk hhn` sv nflodl ynqn Ff ovnlck hf fsoqdadnynsdklncn`flf vln onqn ydcdflck ykq fh qkh,

Hf fh hdaqk gvsk ovnlck vf yvahdonck f dl`fcdnn`flf `f fln-`kq cf h( qfovfqcn Anlms, Hhn` n kck fh ~vf oklkon nh `d-lvk ~vf k ~vf fsnanl enodflck vln yfhovhn, Jvf `d svfk fsnqfl fhhn cfscf fh zn`ks( t Ff fqn vlk cf hks yfqsklngfs ~vf snan~vf ykcn dlfqyqfnq,

Qkss fsvzk d`yqfsdklnck ykq sv flvsdns`k yfqk okldlv nqn-zfsnlck sv vsvnh yqkofsk cf onsdlb qdbvqksk( oklsdcfqnlck vln`yhdk qnlbk cf bflf, Nvl ns( ovnlck fh df`yk yqksdbvd( hnfhfoodl sf zkhzd fzdcflf, Fzflvnh`flf( ovnlck ok`flo nyflsnq qfnh`flf fl fh qkh t hk ~vf qf~vfqn( zd ~vf fln ~vf sfq

nhbvdfl ~vf flbn sflsdadhdcnc o`don yfqk( nh `ds`k df`yk( lkfs dlfqfsncn skhk fl hn ok`fcdn( cdof Qkss, Hdw flflcd fskt vf onynw cf zfq n Ff fl vl oklfuk ~vf fqn dloqfahf`flfd`ykqnlf ynqn hn edskqdn,

Anlms ~vdsk snonq lk skhk fh ev`kq nld`nck cf Ff sdlk nàdlsv ok`yhfgdcnc ovnlck enof `nhnanqds`ks okl sv yqfonqdn yksd-

odl fl fh Onydkhdk okl hns qfnhdcncfs fsonhkqdnlfs cf sv qnangk,Fs vln yfqskln fuqnznbnlf( yfqk nàdl ydflsk ~vf fs nsvs-ncn( kasfqzn Anlms, Fhhn zf cf yqd`fqn `nlk hn kyqfsdl ~vfsvofcf n sv nhqfcfckq( `dflqns ~vf oqfk ~vf hn `ntkqn cf hksodvcncnlks cfh Onydkhdk zdzfl fl dblkqnlf fhdodcnc, Yfqk nàdldflf fh oklkod`dflk cf ~vf( ykq `voek ~vf fsns zdcns fsl flyfhdbqk( sv fsdhk cf zdcn fs fl yfhdbqk nàdl( t sd fhhn `khfsnn nhbvdfl( yvfcfl ~vdqsfhk,

Kqk ~vfqdck yfqsklngf floklqnck fl fh Onydkhdk fs Ent`doeNafqlnet( fh ldok zflofckq zdzk cf Hks Gvfbks cfh Enàqf cfhCdsqdk >1 nekqn vl dlbfldksk snqosdok cf hn `fcdnln fcncqnqn`flf skaqdk ~vdfl sf zvfhzf fh `flkq kodnh cf Mnldss tYffn, Ent`doe ykcqn oqffq ~vf hks Gvfbks skl ok`yhfn`flf

Fh F~vdyk cf Mnldss


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vl fsyfoovhk t ~vf bnlnq fs nl fl znlk ok`kyfqcfq( yfqk nvl ns hfln yfqk okl sfbvqdcnc ok-`dflwn n nakbnq ykq Mnldss, Fs dlfqyqfnck ykqfh cks zfofs lk`dlnck nh Yqf`dk cf hn Noncf`dnRkkct Enqqfhskl( oklkodck ykq svs yfqsklngfs

cf n`yhdk qnlbk fl ynlnhhn fl nhfs h`s ok`kFH @FL_NGFQK( HNQQT JHDLS7 FH LK@AQF CFHF_OLCNHK( LK F_ YN_ YNQN ZDFGK_ t hn qf-odflf QN@YNLS,

Enqqfhskl vf sfcvodck ykq fh hncdlk qfafhcfcflqk cfh nh`n oklkofckqn cf ofhfaqdcncfs cfEnt`doe, Ykcqns cfodq ~vf fs vl ykok nldnvkqdnqdk( okl hk ovnh yvfck qfhnodklnq`f( qf-

`nqon Enqqfhskl, h fqn vl oedok ~vf bnl fsnoksn t flklofs qfyfldln`flf( fsnan enodfl-ck cdlfqk( hn bflf fqn nbqncnahf okl h t h f-ln vl hvbnq nbqncnahf ynqn zdzdq( yfqk floklq~vf kck fqn vl qnvcf t fqn nasvqck, Ok`fl-w sdl ~vfqfq dlzkhvoqnqsf f`kodklnh`flf oklMnldss( ykq~vf ykq hk ~vf hf oklodfqlf( fhhn lkzn n fsnq ne ykq `voek df`yk( yfqk ovnlckhns oksns qnlsovqqfl( h ok`dflwn n yflsnq ~vf~vdws( skhk ~vdws( fhhn flbn vln kykqvldcnc,

Enqqfhskl t Hnrqflof yfqskldonl hn qvovhfl-n qfhnodl flqf Ent`doe t Mnldss, Ent`doedflf `voen qdoodl okl Mnldss ykq~vf skl`vt sd`dhnqfs( lkn Ldln Gnokaskl, Nàksskl skaqfzdzdflfs cfskqbnldwncks t h lk yvfcffzdnq cfsnqqkhhnq vl qfsyfk qflokqksk ykq fhhn,

Fl Rkkct( yvfcfs zfq nh ekàqf ~vf en zdsk tfuyfqd`flnck kck t dflf fsf onlsnlodk, Yfqknàdl yvfcfs zfq n fsf ekàqf svazfqsdzk tfqkw ~vf dflf hn dlfhdbflodn ynqn ntvcnq n Mn-ldss n qnzs cf hks Gvfbks,

Qkss kasfqz n Enqqfhskl lk skhk floklqnq fhhnck o`dok cf Ent`doe sdlk nàdl hn cfsdhv-sdl ~vf oklcvof sv dlbfldk snhzngf t ~vf fs fhf-znck ykq Mnldss, Ent vln zfqcnc t vln fsyfodfcf qdsfwn t flkgk cfangk cf hk ~vf Rkkct enof

fl fsf qkh( kasfqzn fh cdqfokq, Dlohvsk nvl~vfRkkct fs nskàqksn`flf cdzfqdck( nàdlqngk vl svafuk nqcdflf qfnh n Ent`doe,

@dflqns ~vf Ent`doe ndflcf n hns kqnhfwns tfsqnfbdn cf Mnldss( sv fsdhdsn cfsdblnck Odl-ln( kqgn sv d`nbfl( qfzfhnlck lk skhk sv enad-hdcnc nqsdon okl nhfs yqflcns fsyfonovhnqfsok`k fh zfsdck Oedon fl Jvfbk( sdlk nàdl

vl okqnwl aklcncksk nàdl, Sk`nlck fh qkhfs Hfllt Mqnzdw( hn fsqfhhn cf qkom t nokq~vf cdk vln novnodl `f`kqnahf fl YQFODKV_,Lfofsdn`ks cf nhbvdfl ynqn Odlln( ~vdfl yv-cdfqn sfq vfqf( sfut t flbn vl nqnodzk sdl`voek kqln`flk( kasfqzn Gnokaskl, Fsf fsvl yfqsklngf ~vf fs nyvfsk ykq yqkydn kq`n tvln fsqfhhn cf qkom ykq cfqfoek yqkydk, Ns ~vfoklsfbvd`ks n vl svgfk ~vf fs vln fsqfhhn cfqkom fl hn zdcn qfnh,

Mqnzdw floklq nh yfqsklngf nsodlnlf, Odllnntvcn n Mnldss n oqfnq sv n`ksfqn t hf flsfnok`k nqnfq n hn nvcdflodn cvqnlf hks Gvfbksynqn ~vf yvfcn oklsfbvdq syklskqs( fuyhdon h,Oqfk ~vf sf flonqdn okl Mnldss ok`k yfqsk-ln( t lk skhk ~vdfqf ntvcnqhn okl sv fsdhk sdlk

nàdl ok`k sfq ev`nlk, h nàdl cdof ~vfqnangnq okl Hnrqflof hk edwk sflodhhk, Fhhn dl-fqyqfn n Mnldss ok`k n nhbvdfl ~vf snaf qfnh-`flf ~vdfl fs t ynqn nhbvdfl nl gkzfl( fsk fsnhbk efq`ksk,


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Fl fh okqnwl ksovqk cfh ykcfq cfh Onydkhdktnof fh cdonckq cf Ynlf`( fh Yqfsdcflf Okqdk-hnlvs _lkr( fh nq~vdfok cfh qfdlnck kyqfsdzkcf hn lnodl t fh ekàqf ~vf sdflf fh yfhdbqk fl

Mnldss ovnlck sf zvfhzf vln efqkdon cadh flhks Gvfbks, Qkss sdld cfscf fh yqdlodydk ~vf vlnokq zffqnlk ok`k Cklnhc _vefqhnlc hf cnqnnh yfqsklngf yfsk t yqkvlcdcnc lfofsnqdn ynqnenofqhk qfnh, Sdflfs ~vf flfq vln sfqdfcncqfnh( lkn fh fsoqdkq+cdqfokq, Cklnhc _vefq-hnlc fs nhbvdfl ~vf vf onynw cf qnfq vln onl-dcnc qf`flcn nh Yqfsdcflf _lkr fl skhk vln

ovnlns fsoflns ohnzf,_vefqhnlc cdof ~vf Qkss vf hk ~vf hk nqngk,Fs vl fsoqdkq aqdhhnlf( ok`fln fh nokq, Fhbvdkl fqn qfnh`flf nsodlnlf t ydflsk ~vf yk-cqn sfq sdbldonlf nh nhonlwnq n hn bflf gkzfl,Jvf efq`ksk qnangnq okl h t zfqhk qnangnq tsfq dlsydqnck ykq h,

@dflqns ~vf fh Yqfsdcflf _lkr dflf fh okl-

qkh skaqf Ynlf`( fh bfldk ksovqn`flf oqfndzkcfqs cf hks Gvfbks cfh Enàqf 23 fs _flfonOqnlf( fh Oqfnckq cf Gvfbk cfsdblnck ~vf dflffh ykcfq cf hn zdcn t hn `vfqf skaqf hks 13 g-zflfs Sqdavks, h fs dlfqyqfnck ykq Rfs Afl-hft( cf ~vdfl Bnqt Qkss en sdck nl cfscf svnohn`nck qkh fl AFHHFWN N@FQDONLN, Yfls

~vf Rfs ykcqn oqfnq nhbk nl dlfqfsnlf oklfsf yfqsklngf( cdof Qkss, _flfon fs nhbvdfl~vf fs fàkqqnoenck fl sv yqkydn gvzflvc(nàdodl t svofsk t Rfs qfzfhn o`k fsk sf

zvfhzf vln yqkyvhsdl yqkydn,

Aflhft floklq n _flfon skqyqfsdzn`flf dl-qdlonck, Nh enahnq okl Bnqt( `f cd ovfln ~vflk fs nlk fh dyk `nhk svsydonw( qfjfudkln h,Fs `s vl yqkcvok cf hn ovhvqn okqqvyn cfhOnydkhdk, Lk yhnlfn sfq vl sfq ev`nlk fqqdahf,Fs vl cdfsqk cf hn folkhkbn t vl yqkcvokq cfsekr ~vf dlfln cfgnq sv `nqon nl ovnlcklk yqfsn nflodl n hns oklsfovflodns cf svqnangk,

Qfcklcfnlck hks `s yqk`dlflfs qfsdcflfscfh Onydkhdk fs fh lk`dlnck nh Ksonq _nl-hft Svood ok`k Onfsnq Jhdomfq`nl( fh yfqdkcds-n oklzfqdck fl dl~vdsdckq flqfzdsnckq kodnhynqn hks Gvfbks t fh nokq aqdldok Skat Gklfs

ok`k Ohnvcdvs Sf`yhfs`de( fh hfbflcnqdk okl-cvokq cf hks Gvfbks cfh Enàqf, Gnokaskl cdofcfh qkh cf Svood7 Ovnlck zd n _nlhft okl sv yf-hvon nwvh sfq nl cdzfqdck t fuqf`k fl vln ohn-sf cf kq`n ok`k ONANQFS( kck fqn nl dlok-qqfok t nvl ns nl okqqfok ynqn fh yfqsklngf,

Hks Gvbnckqfs cf Ykcfq cfh Onydkhdk

Hks Sqdavks

Vln zfw ~vf hks gvfbks sf yklfl fl `nqoen(Mnldss cfaf `fcdq n svs ok`ynfqks Sqdavks(oncn vlk cf hks ovnhfs ykcqn onvsnq sv nhhf-od`dflk, Fh onsdlb cf hns cks ckoflns cf Sqd-

avks vf vln bqnl f`yqfsn, Fl fh hdaqk( oncnqdavk dflf sv yqkydn yksdodl skodnh t cfsoqdy-odl sdon( ns ~vf vd`ks `vt sfhfodzks t hkssfhfoodkln`ks vlk n hn zfw( fuyhdon Gkl Mdhdm,


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31/38

Lvfsqn cdqfokqn cf onsdlb( Cfaadf Wnlf( fsnskàqksn nh floklqnq n hn bflf `s nhfl-ksn fl hns fcncfs cf flqf >1 n >5 nks, Fhhnsfhfoodkl vln n`yhdn qfc t vf dloqfahf`flfcdhdbflf, Fhhn t Bnqt qnangnqkl ynodflf`flf

t `vt cvqk ensn ~vf qfvld`ks nh bqvyk ok`-yhfk,

Hks `s f`dahf`flf yfhdbqksks flqf hksok`yfdckqfs skl hks hhn`ncks Sqdavks cf On-qqfqn( ~vf enl sdck yqfynqncks t flqflnckssdon`flf ynqn hks Gvfbks cfscf fh cn fl ~vflnodfqkl, Fsyfodnh`flf onvsnlck yqfkovyn-odl n Mnldss fsl hks ovnqk `s nzkqfodcks

cf Onqqfqn7 Ohkzf dlfqyqfncn ykq Dsnafhhf Jv-eq`nl( Onk dlfqyqfnck ykq Nhfunlcfq Hvcrdb(Bhd``fq dlfqyqfncn ykq Hfzfl Qnàdl t @nq-zfh dlfqyqfnck ykq Gnom ^vndc, Oncn vlk qnfsv yqkydn enadhdcnc fsyfodnh,

Ohkzf dflf `voek `s ofqfaqk ~vf `voekscf hks Sqdavks( cdof Jveq`nl( ~vdfl qfodflf-`flf sf yvsk nh qflf fl hn yfhovhn cf ekqqkq

KQYENL, Hk dlfqfsnlf fs ~vf fhhn hvof `vtnldncn t cfokqncn( yfqk nàdl fs `vt ks-ovqn,

Hvcrdb nncf( `fgkq oklkodcn ykq sv qkh flQNOF SK RDSOE @KVLSNDL7 Onk fs nhbvdfl~vf fs `vt vfqf( sdon t `flnh`flf( t fsd`yhnonahf( yfqk oqfk ~vf `vt( `vt fl hk yqk-vlck evak vln avfln yfqskln cflqk svtk nl-

fs cf flqnq n hks Gvfbks,Ynqn Qnàdl( zdsn fl qkhfs fl Klf Sqff Edhh(Bqfts Nlnk`t t O_D7 @dn`d( hn ohnzf ynqnBhd``fq vf dq fl kck nh >>9&, Bhd``fq okl-

sdcfqn n hks Gvfbks vl eklkq( lkn fhhn, Fhhncdsqvn hn n`n( t ykq fsk fhhn yvfcf sfq vlnbqnl n`flnwn,

^vndc( ~vdfl enof sv cfav h`dok fl HK_ GVF-BK_ CFH EN@AQF( cdof cf @nqzfh7 Lk cdbk ~vf

fs hn efqqn`dfln `s nhncn fl fh oklgvlk(yfqk fs funsdnck ykq fsnq ne t zn ykq fhhk,

Flqf hks Sqdavks `s ok`vlfs ~vf fsl nlnfqqkqdwncks t naqv`ncks ok`k Mnldss( ckshf k`nl qfsyfk dl`fcdnk7 hn yf~vfn Qvf(~vdfl vf oksfoencn ynqn hks Gvfbks n hn dfqlnfcnc cf >1= t hn qydcn t nsvn Jkunof, Vl ynqcf nsoflcflfs qfodl hhfbncks k`nl hks qk-

hfs7 N`nlchn _flafqb ok`k Qvf t Gno~vfhdlfF`fqskl ok`k Jkunof %Ok`ncqfgn$,

_flafqb nqnzfs cf kck ykq fh qkh( qkcnlck flykhzk nlfs cf nvcdodklnq ynqn Qkss fl sv onsn,Sfln ekgns fl d onafhhk t kck fsk( qfovfqcn_flafqb, Bnqt dflf vln onsn `vt nbqncnahf(t lk ~vfqn sflnq`f fl lncn t flsvodnqhk( ns~vf floklq vl yf~vfk navqff cklcf sfl-nq`f, Fsnan vt lfqzdksn, Snl nlsdksn ok`kfsnan( vf ohnqk ~vf fln vln yqkvlcn nld-cnc okl Qvf( ~vdfl sf oklzdfqf fl hn nhdncn cfMnldss, Hf fh hdaqk ovnqk zfofs t sd`yhf`fl-f n` n Qvf ykq~vf fs nl dlfhdbflf t bdht nvl ns fs cvhof( cdof _flafqb, Oqfk ~vfovnlck Mnldss zf n Qvf( fhhn ydflsn fl sv efq-`nln t ykq fsk fs ~vf hn n`n,

Fl fh sf( _flafqb nàdl cfsnqqkhh vln qfhn-odl cf n`dsnc fsqfoen okl Hnrqflof ~vf sfnncd nvl `s n svs qkhfs, _f vldfqkl fl vlnzfqcncfqn kq`n cf efq`nln `ntkq t `flkq(


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hk ovnh vf nlsdok ynqnl hn yfhovhn( cdof Qkss, Nhbvlns zfofs fsnanlqdflck nlk ~vf cfan cfodqhfs ~vf hk nonanqnl yfqk qfnh`flf qfjfgnan hnofqonln ~vf Mnldss t Qvf flnl,

Vln cf hns fsoflns nzkqdns cf Okhhdls fs hn sfovflodn lnh cf Qvf( hn ovnhOkhhdls nfsdbv fl fh sf, Hn fsofln fs ohnzf( lk skhk ykq sv d`ynok f`k-

odklnh fl Mnldss Qvf fsflodnh`flf sf oklzdfqf fl svsdvn cf Yqd` fl hnnqfln sdlk ykq~vf fln ~vf sfq hk svodflf`flf ykcfqksn ynqn cfsnnq fhyqd`fq qfv`af cf hn qfafhdl( lkn hn nvkqn, Fs nhbk ~vf cf`nlcn `voekcf hks nokqfs, Hks qfs oedoks Gfl( N`nlchn t Gnom cdfqkl novnodklfsfsvyflcns, S Aklf Avqlf qngk sv nckqnahf `fhkcn nsodlnlf ynqn hn onl-odl cf ovln, T Bnqt( ~vf vf hn `flf `nfsqn cf hn oksn ok`yhfn( hk h`afhhn`flf, Fs fsn k`n cf Mnldss novlnlck n Qvf okl fh klck fuvaf-qnlf cfh aks~vf, Fl fh `kldkq hvon ok`k vl qfqnk fu~vdsdk( ok`k nhbk

~vf fl`nqons t ovfhbns fl vl vsfk, Qfovfqck ~vf N`nlchn zdlk t sf sfln d hnck flqf k`ns t `f yqfbvl( flklofs( ok`k d`nbdlnsf ~vf sfqn;T hf cdgf( Ok`k fsk, Yfqk fl qfnhdcnc( fuofcd ds fuyfondzns,

Fh ok-Sqdavk cf Qvf( Seqfse( dlfqyqfnck ykq fh qfodl hhfbnck ldbfqdnlk CntkKmfldtd( dlfln ovdcnq cf fhhn, Seqfse fs fh dyk asdok qnangnckq cf vl cds-qdk cf bqnlgn ~vf n`n n sv n`dhdn t skhk ~vdfqf zfqhn cf lvfzk, Ynqn h( Qvffs ok`k vln efq`nldn( cdof Kmfldtd, h ~vdfqf yqkfbfqhn( yfqk snaf ~vfhhfbnq vl k`flk ovnlck flcq ~vf k`nq hn cfodsdl flqf sv zdcn t hn cf

fhhn, Fl sv okqnwl( ent vln oklsnlf bvfqqn cf hvoen,F`fqskl fsvzk dbvnh`flf yksfck ykq Jkunof, N`k ~vf fhhn sfn fh Sqdavk`s dlfhdbflf t fsn fs hn kq`n fl hn ~vf enof sv on`dlk n qnzs cf hksGvfbks( kasfqzn, _v fsqnfbdn ok`yhfn fs fzncdq hn onyvqn, _df`yqf fscks ynsk ncfhnlf cfh gvfbk( yflsnlck fl nhbk ~vf lncdf `s ykcqn,

Nvl ns cflqk cf kck fh cqn`n sdok( F`fqskl cdof ~vf Qkss sdf`yqf `nl-vzk nh fhflok flkonck fl hn fuyfqdflodn dlfqln cf svs yfqsklngfs, Hkbqnlcdksk cf Bnqt cdqdbdflck HK_ GVFBK_ CFH EN@AQF fs ~vf dflf hn dl-

flodl cf floklqnq fh okqnwl cf hn edskqdn( qfsv`f F`fqskl, Lk fs skhkvln yfhovhn cf noodl cfsfhhnlf, Fs skaqf bflf f dcfns okl hns ~vf snhfscfh odlf yflsnlck ykq `voek df`yk,


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Cdqfoodl7 Bnqt Qkss

Fhflok7 Gflldjfq Hnrqflof( Gkse Evoefqskl( Hdn`Ef`srkqe( Rkkct Enqqfhskl( Fhdwnafe Anlms( Hfl-lt Mqnzdw( Rfs Aflhft( Skat Gklfs( Nhfunlcfq Hvc-rdb( Dsnafhhf Jveq`nl( N`nlchn _fqlafqb( _nlhftSvood( Cklnhc _vefqhnlc

Onhdjdonodl7 @ntkqfs cf >3 nks

Rfa7 SefEvlbfqBn`fs@kzdf,ok`


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HK_ ZFLBNCKQF_Fh Onydl N`qdon( Fh Ek`aqf cf Edfqqk( Fh Ek`aqf Dloqf-ahf t Sekq flonafwnl fh f~vdyk cf svyfqeqkfs ~vf okljkq-`nl n Hks Zflbnckqfs fl fsn bqnl yqkcvoodl cf @nqzfh_vcdks,

YQKUD@K LV@FQK


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Qfzdsn Odlfqn`n fs vln oqfnodl cf GY Cdsfks 199: - 19>1Qfzdsn cdsqdavdcn bqnvdn`flf ykq hn rfa

rrr,odlf-qn`n,ok,lq

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