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La Gestión de los Residuos de Aparatos Eléctricos y ElectrónicosPanorama LAC y Actividades RegionalesEvento RELAC-Empa, Lima, Perú, 27-29 de noviembre 2012
Daniel Ott // Project Manager LAC // [email protected]
Empa – 20 años trabajando con los RAEE
Auditoría técnica y investigación aplicada para Swico Recycling y SENS*
Participación en el WEEE Forum desde 2006 Miembro fundador de StEP Proyectos de investigación en RAEE Análisis de retardantes de llama en plásticos de RAEE Procesamiento de pantallas planas Simulación y modelación de equipos y sustancias
químicas en los RAEE (TRC, LCD, In, Hg, Li, etc.) Análisis y desarrollo de modelos de negocio en
el sector informal Buenas practicas en el reuso Comparación de estrategias y tecnologías de reciclaje
Cooperación técnica en la gestión de los RAEE con China, India, Suráfrica, Perú, Colombia, Marruecos, África del Oeste
* Sistemas colectivos de recolección en Suiza
Empa y los RAEE a Nivel Global
South Africa:Swiss e-Waste ProgrammeFacilitating the development of a nationale-waste management strategyFunding Agency: SECOProject Partner: ITA, EWASATime Frame: 2003 – 2008
e-Waste Management in AfricaLaunching an e-waste recycling unit in Cape TownFunding Agency: HPProject Partner: DSF, Recover-e-Alliance, EnvirosenseTime Frame: 2007 - 2008
Uganda/Tanzania:e-Waste Management in Uganda and TanzaniaAssessment StudyFunding Agency: Unido, MicrosoftProject Partner: UCPC/CPCTTime Frame: 2007 - 2011
Senegale-Waste Management in AfricaAssessment StudyFunding Agency: DSFProject Partner: SENECLICTime Frame: 2007 - 2008
Moroccoe-Waste Management in AfricaAssessment StudyFunding Agency: HPProject Partner: DSF, CMPPTime Frame: 2007 - 2008
Colombia:Swiss e-Waste ProgrammeAssessment StudyFacilitating the development of a national e-waste management strategyFunding Agency: SECOProject Partner: CNPMLTime Frame: 2007 – 2011
Peru:Swiss e-Waste ProgrammeAssessment StudyFacilitating the development of a national e-waste management strategyFunding Agency: SECOProject Partner: IPESTime Frame: 2007 – 2011
Chile:Swiss e-Waste ProgrammeAssessment StudyFunding Agency: EMPAProject Partner: SURTime Frame: 2007
Brazil:Swiss e-Waste ProgrammeAssessment StudyFunding Agency: SECOProject Partner: FEAMTime Frame: 2008-2011
Benin, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria:The Basel Convention e-Waste Africa ProjectAssessment StudyTraining PilotFunding Agency: SBC, EUProject Partner: African BCRCs, IMPEL, Öko-InstitutTime Frame: 2009-2011
Trinidad & Tobago:e-Waste Management in T & TAssessment Study
Funding Agency: Unido, MicrosoftProject Partner: MPATime Frame: 2010
India:Swiss e-Waste ProgrammeImplementing a Clean e-Waste ChannelMainstreaming the informal sectorHousehold e-waste collectionFunding Agency: SECOProject Partner: GTZ, MoEFTime Frame: 2003 - 2008
China:Swiss e-Waste ProgrammeSupporting formulation of a “technical draft” for a national e-waste lawDeveloping technical standards for recyclingFunding Agency: SECOProject Partner: NDRCTime Frame: 2003 - 2008
Kenya:e-Waste Management in AfricaAssessment StudyFunding Agency: HPProject Partner: DSF, KICTANeTTime Frame: 2007 - 2008
Empa y los RAEE en América Latina
Chile:Regional Platform RELACStrategic cooperation
Funding Agency: IDRCProject Partner: SurTime Frame: 2006 - 2011
Brazil:Swiss e-Waste ProgrammeFacilitating the development of a national e-waste management strategy
Funding Agency: SECOProject Partner: FEAMTime Frame: 2009
Trinidad & Tobago:e-Waste Management in T & TAssessment Study
Funding Agency: Unido, MicrosoftProject Partner: MPATime Frame: 2010
PeruSwiss e-Waste ProgrammeAssessment Study;Facilitating the development of a nationale-waste management strategy
Funding Agency: SECOProject Partner: IPESTime Frame: 2008 - 2012
ColombiaSwiss e-Waste ProgrammeAssessment Study;Facilitating the development of a nationale-waste management strategy
Funding Agency: SECOProject Partner: CNPMLTATime Frame: 2008 - 2012
Programa de SECO/EMPA e IDRC/Sur
Retos Ambientales
Los RAEE contienen sustancias tóxicas (Pb, Cd, Sb, BFRs, etc.)
A través del manejo inadecuado y la recuperación de las fracciones valiosos se pueden liberar las sustancias tóxicas
Retos Logísticos
Seminario Académico Internacional INNOVACIÓN – Septiembre 2011
Aquí…
…o allá?
Dónde están nuestros RAEE?
Retos Tecnológicos
M E C A N I C Ovs.
M A N U A L
Reto «Mental»
Tecnologías Energéticas Movilidad Productos Electrónicos
Luminarias
WEEE Events in LAC (selected)
Dec 2005 North-South Dialogue on Experiences in Computer Recycling and Reconditioning, Santiago, Chile
Jun 2006 International Workshop: Shared Responsibility for the Disposal of Computers, Brasilia,Brazil
Nov 2006 International Workshop: "The refurbishment of PC recycling, an opportunity for LAC", San Jose, Costa Rica
Jul 2008 International Workshop RELAC Roundtable, Santiago, Chile
Oct 2008 International Workshop REWAS 2008 with e-Waste Workshop, Cancun, Mexico
Sep 2009 E-Waste Study Tour for LAC, Switzerland and Austria
Nov 2009 International Workshop Launch of Regional Document RELAC, Panama, Panama
Apr 2010 RELAC Meeting, Mexico City, Mexico
Oct 2010 RELAC Meeting Public Sector, Lima, Peru
Mar 2011 Workshop and Publication of Regional Document RELAC, Medellin, Colombia
Oct 2011 E-Waste Side-events at COP10, Cartagena, Colombia
Dec 2011 eLAC / CEPAL International Seminar on WEEE, Santiago, Chile
May 2012 International Dialogue & PACE Meeting, San Salvador, El Salvador
Sep 2012 Intercambio Latinoamericano RAEE 2012, D.F., México
WEEE Events in LAC (selected)
Dec 2005 North-South Dialogue on Experiences in Computer Recycling and Reconditioning, Santiago, Chile
Jun 2006 International Workshop: Shared Responsibility for the Disposal of Computers, Brasilia,Brazil
Nov 2006 International Workshop: "The refurbishment of PC recycling, an opportunity for LAC", San Jose, Costa Rica
Jul 2008 International Workshop RELAC Roundtable, Santiago, Chile
Oct 2008 International Workshop REWAS 2008 with e-Waste Workshop, Cancun, Mexico
Sep 2009 E-Waste Study Tour for LAC, Switzerland and Austria
Nov 2009 International Workshop Launch of Regional Document RELAC, Panama, Panama
Apr 2010 RELAC Meeting, Mexico City, Mexico
Oct 2010 RELAC Meeting Public Sector, Lima, Peru
Mar 2011 Workshop and Publication of Regional Document RELAC, Medellin, Colombia
Oct 2011 E-Waste Side-events at COP10, Cartagena, Colombia
Dec 2011 eLAC / CEPAL International Seminar on WEEE, Santiago, Chile
May 2012 International Dialogue & PACE Meeting, San Salvador, El Salvador
Sep 2012 Intercambio Latinoamericano RAEE 2012, D.F., México
REWAS Conference 2008
Artículo para REWAS
Study Tour Suiza/Austria 2009
Documento Regional 2010-2011
Cuáles son las «fuerzas motríces» y principales actores?
«PRODUCTORES»(OEMs, Importadores, Distribuidores, etc.)
GOBIERNOS(p.e. Ministerios de Ambiente o Salud)
Armonización RegionalPrimer paso en LAC:
Documento de «Lineamientos para la
Gestión de los RAEE en LAC»
En coordinación con: gestores, consumidores, academia, ONGs, etc.
Proceso de Elaboración:
Panamá 2009: Diagnóstico
México 2010: Estructura documento y conformación grupo de trabajo
Lima 2010: Trabajo con el sector público
Medellín 2011: Revisión final y compromiso
Proceso y Estructura del Documento
Estructura:
1. Conceptos claves de la Corriente RAEE
2. Elementos de los Sistemas de Gestión RAEE
3. Protocolo de Manejo para el Ciclo de Vida de los RAEE
4. Propuestas para un Marco Regional
Llamado para Afiches: Empa-RELAC
ColombiaWEEE Generation: 110.000 tons/year (2010)
2.4 kg/capita/yearWEEE Legislation: Decrees for computers &
peripherals, batteries and lighting equipment since 2010
Compliance schemes:
1 collective, several individual (starting 2012), selective publictake-back campaigns
WEEE Recyclers: >5 licensed companies
MexicoWEEE Generation: 300.000 tons/year (2010)
2.7 kg/capita/yearWEEE Legislation: No, but considered in the General
Waste Law (as special waste) and in 2 Official Mexican Standards (NOM)
Compliance schemes:
No collective nor individual compliance schemes, only corporatetake-back programs
WEEE Recyclers: 10 licensed companies
Costa RicaWEEE Generation: No data availableWEEE Legislation: Yes, Decree for WEEE
management since 2010Compliance schemes:
2 compliance schemes(collective: ASEGIRE)
WEEE Recyclers: 6 licensed companies
PeruWEEE Generation: 100.000 tons/year (2010)
3.4 kg/capita/yearWEEE Legislation: Decree on WEEE management in
process for approval, 2 technical standards (INDECOPI)
Compliance schemes:
No collective nor individual compliance schemes, only public-private take-back campaigns
WEEE Recyclers: 4 licensed companies
ChileWEEE Generation: 70.000 tons/year (2010)
4.2 kg/capita/yearWEEE Legislation: No, but Law project for WEEE and
General Waste Bill in preparationCompliance schemes:
No collective nor individual compliance schemes, onlyselective take-back campaigns
WEEE Recyclers: >2 licensed companies
ArgentinaWEEE Generation: 120.000 tons/year (2010)
3 kg/capita/yearWEEE Legislation: Not yet, but National WEEE Bill
is proximate to approvalCompliance schemes:
No collective nor individual compliance schemes, onlycorporate take-back programs
WEEE Recyclers: >5 licensed companies
BoliviaWEEE Generation: 30.000 tons/year (2010)
2.6 kg/capita/yearWEEE Legislation: No, but elaboration of technical
standards in processCompliance schemes:
No collective nor individual compliance schemes, take-back campaigns through civil society
WEEE Recyclers: No licensed companies
EcuadorWEEE Generation: No data availableWEEE Legislation: No, but a specific regulation for
WEEE management is planned.Compliance schemes:
No collective nor individual compliance schemes, onlyselective take-back campaigns
WEEE Recyclers: 2 licensed companies
Panorama del Estado Actual
País Poblacion[Mio.]
Generación RAEE total [t]
Generacíon RAEE por hab. [kg/cap.]
PC Waste total [t]
PC Waste por hab. [kg/cap.]
Argentina 40.5 120'000 3.0 - -
Bolivia 10.9 30'000 2.8 - -
Chile 16.8 70'000 4.2 10'500 0.63
Colombia 46.3 110'000 2.4 10'000 0.22
México 112.3 300'000 2.7 - -
Perú 29.5 100'000 3.4 9'500 0.33
Total países 256.3 730'000 2.8 - 3.1 30'000 0.3 -0.4
Total LAC 600.0 1.5 - 1.8 Mio. 2.5 - 3.0 150'000 - 200'000 0.25 -0.35
Estimaciones de la Generación de RAEE y PC Waste 2010
Fuente: EMPA
RAEE 1.5 – 1.8 millones de toneladas
PC Waste 150.000 – 200.000 toneladas
Generación de RAEE: LAC
RELAC: Collaboration with StEP
Intercambio Latinoamericano RAEE 2012
RELAC-Empa Lima 2012
Se espera:
Dar un paso más en la
armonización regional y el
aprendizaje común
Fortalecer el intercambio público-
privado
Consenso sobre como proceder
en el tema de los Estándares
Técnicos a nivel regional
Consenso sobre como proceder
en el tema de los MTF y Basilea
www.empa.ch
www.ewasteguide.info www.step-initiative.org
www.residuoselectronicos.net
www.raee-peru.org
www.cnpml.org
El Mundo Virtual de los RAEE
www.weee-forum.org
www.ipes.org.pe
www.raee.org.co