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BIM\IH BCF WIFHRH EIAHFÍQ BCQAMFZI%CTWCBIAIÑE QHAICBMB CAHEÑ@IAM BCF LC\@CJH& MÝH BC =4<?%

 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

Ier|hbsaaiñe: $=)

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Ctiqrc mlsebmerc |ckiqr|h bc fmq ctwfh|maihecq }sc cocarsmbmq qhl|c cqrc |àh ehq`scqr|me fm ierceaihemfibmb bc ml|i| sem vàm bc ah`seiamaiñe ahe cf K|meAdmah y `mq mffí rm`liée%

Ieiaimf`cerc fmq c`w|cebibmq r|mq cf qscýh bc \i}sczmq w|crcebibmq wh| cfahe}siqrmbh|& fsckh fmq h|kmeizmbmq wh| fhq `iqihec|hq |cfikihqhq ce qs moíe bc

$=) Mk|mbcai`icerhq:

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`meioicqrh merc escqr|mq aheqsfrmq%

Mf qcýh| @ikscf Íekcf Lcfr|íe Qhcekmq& wh|}sc qie qs kcerif ierc|`cbimaiñe eh dslicqc qibhwhqilfc cqrm wslfiamaiñe% Wh| qs wmaiceaim mf mrcebc| m rhbm dh|m `iq |c}sc|i`icerhq& qscqosc|zh ahermbh ce `cqcq ce cqrmlfcac| se wscerc bc cercebi`icerh wm|m }sice qsqa|ilc& cer|ccf ibih`m irífiah c diqwmeh& qsq wc|`mecercq qskc|ceaimq& ah`cerm|ihq y mwh|rcq bhas`cermfcqqic`w|c bcqierc|cqmbhq& wh| rmerh ric`wh bcbiambh m fm fcars|m& ah`cerm|ih y a|àriamq`sadàqi`mq k|maimq%

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 < Jsme Jhqé Nhww%

ml|i| vàmq bc ah`seiamaiñe cer|c |cbsaaihecq& fmq bc fhq qsacqivhq khlc|emercq

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O|meaiqah @s|iffh }sc ce =;17 ffckm se whah `mq mffí bc fmq jsermq bcf Ahfh|mbhahe Jsjsy& fm bc Mb|iíe Ah|ecjh cocarsmbm ce cf mýh bc =;97& y fm bc WmlfhQh|im $2)& }sc wm|m cf amqh cq fm }sc ehq haswm& |cmfizmbm ce se wc|àhbh bc 39bàmq ah`w|cebibhq cer|c cf =3 bc jseih dmqrm cf =< bc mkhqrh bc =4<? $3)%

$<) Mffí wh| =;33 }sice osc|m khlc|embh| bc fm W|hvieaim bcf \àh bc fm Wfmrm& cf Rceicerc Kcec|mfWcb|h Acvmffhq& mbvic|rc fm ecacqibmb bcf sqh bc fhq as|qhq bcf Wm|meí& Wm|mksmy y Lc|`cjhwm|m cqrmlfcac| ah`seiamaihecq ahe Whrhqà& Mqseaiñe y Lscehq Mi|cq%

$1) ]sc rhbmq fmq w|hvieaimq bcf ierc|ih| bc Qsb M`é|iam qcme w|hbikihqm`cerc lcecoiaimbmq wh|cf mw|hvcadm`icerh rh`mbh bc cqrmq ieqrmfmaihecq wm|m fm ierc|ah`seiamaiñe& eh mb`irc bsbm>wc|h fhq biqr|irhq }sc& mf w|cqcerc qhe fhq `íq miqfmbhq& qc|àme fhq `íq osc|rc`cerc `cjh|mbhqwh| cqrm& cqrhq qhe fhq bc @hthq& Adi}sirhq& y Qmerm A|sz bc fm Qic||m& ce cf escvh cqrmbh bcLhfivim& ahe |cqwcarh m fh merc|ih|& fmq qiksicercq bcafm|maihecq qhe dcadmq ce seh bc fhqwmeofcrhq bc Lscehq Mi|cq% Cqrhq ahericece ac|am bc asm|cerm y r|cq `if fcksmq asmb|mbmq bcrc||irh|ih> y w|hbsace mzúam|& m||hz& amoé& mýif& ahahm& mfkhbñe $fhq bc @hthq qicebhwcasfim|`cerc oiehq)& k|mehq& ah|rczm y `sadmq hr|mq b|hkmq vmfihqmq& `mbc|mq rcýibmq& rmlmah&`i`l|cq& es`c|hqhq riwhq bc fmq `mbc|mq `íq oiemq& asc|hq& qclhq& cra%> rhbhq cqrhq m|ràasfhq ehcqríe biqwheilfcq ce cf w|cqcerc m ascerm bc qs vhfs`ce& }sc fhq dmac i`whqilfc bc r|meqwh|rm|wh| fhq `cbihq ym ahehaibhq ce cf wmàq% Y cf úeiah wsc|rh `m|àri`h ahe cf asmf cffhq riceceah`seiamaiñe cq Fm`m| $Ahlijm)& ce cf Wmaàoiah& mse}sc fm aheofsceaim bcf Jms|s ahe cf Wm|mksmy$bhebc cf úfri`h qc dmac emvckmlfc) cq qhfh qcrcerm fcksmq bcqbc Qmerm Mem& fm amwirmf bcAdi}sirhq& aice bcqbc Qmerm A|sz bc fm Qic||m& y qcrcerm y r|cq bcqbc _iffm-lcffm ce @mrm-k|hqqh%Wmlfh Qh|im & Ieoh|`c m fhq Maaiheiqrmq%

$2) Wmlfh Qh|im: W|hbsarh| Jsjcýh& w|hwicrm|ih wm|m fm éwham bc fhq cqrmlfcai`icerhq \àh Eck|h yQme Ikemaih& bcqriembhq cf w|i`c|h y w|ieaiwmf`cerc m fm w|hbsaaiñe bc àebikh $mýif)& cf hr|h m fmamým bsfac $amým bc mzúam|) y cf mfkhbñe% Ce h|bce bc i`wh|rmeaim fmq dmaicebmq }sc qc|ckiqr|me qhe ce Am`wh Qmerh fmq w|hwicbmbcq bc Dc|cbim Ah|ecjh y Oiksc|hm% Cqrmlfcai`icerhQme Wcb|h bc Hrc|h& Cqrmlfcai`icerh Fcbcq`m bc Hvcjc|h> Cqrmlfcai`icerh Qme Fh|cezh bcZckmbm> Cqrmlfcai`icerh Qme Fsamq bc @m|}sicksi& Cqrmlfcai`icerhq \àh Eck|h y Qme Ikemaihbc Wmlfh Qh|im& Cqrmlfcai`icerh Qcerm bc S|ils|s%

$3) Fmq ffsvimq c`wiczme ce harsl|c& y bs|me dmqrm oie bc `m|zh% Fhq |àhq a|cace bcqbcehvic`l|c dmqrm `m|zh& y bca|cace bcqbc ml|if dmqrm harsl|c% Fhq `cqcq bc `myh| amsbmf qhecec|h& ocl|c|h& `m|zh> y fhq bc `íq lmjm& jsfih& mkhqrh y qcwric`l|c%

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 1 

Ahe whqrc|ih|ibmb dme ctiqribh hr|mq ah`h fm h|kmeizmbm wh| E Fmvm|cffh ce=432 y =4?1& fm bc C`ifih Wmfmaihq ce =4?<& fm bc Iq`mie& fm bc Rh`íq Wmkc& }sclice y ctrceqm`cerc ehq ieoh|`m Diqrm|`m| mf |cqwcarh& ahe fm aheqcascerca|cmaiñe ce =4;7 bc fm Qhaicbmb bc Emvckmaiñe bcf Lc|`cjh%

Ahevcekm`hq wh| úfri`h }sc cf Ahfh|mbh qiksc |cqsfrmebh se qscýhieas`wfibh% Se |àh ahe fmq asmfibmbcq bc éqrc& ahe sem ctrceqiñe cqri`mbm bc=%237 N`%& whb|àm dhy `c|acb mf mw|hvcadm`icerh ierck|mf bc qs as|qh& cqrm|`sy lice asl|icebh fmq bc`mebmq ieqmriqocadmq bc w|hbsarhq mk|àahfmq&

kmembc|hq& oh|cqrmfcq& bc cfcar|iaibmb& bc mksm whrmlfc c iebsqr|imf y |ca|cmrivmq}sc qs asceam `c|cac%

Fm Qhaicbmb bcf |àh Lc|`cjh:

M ieqrmeaimq bc c`w|cqm|ihq |ckihemfcq |cseibhq ce sem qhaicbmb bceh`iembmbcf |àh Lc|`cjh& qc qhfiairñ y hlrsvh bc fhq khlic|ehq bc Qmfrm y Lscehq Mi|cq fmqaheacqihecq iebiqwceqmlfcq wm|m w|h`hvc| fm emvckmaiñe bc biadh as|qh%Ierck|mbm wh| bicaiqéiq maaiheiqrmq& qc aheqrirsyc fm c`w|cqm se <= bc biaic`l|cbc =4<2& lmjh fmq qiksicercq am|marc|àqriamq: =º: Fhq iebivibshq }sc qsqa|ili`hq

ehq mqhaim`hq y oh|`m`hq sem Ah`wmýàm wm|m fm Emvckmaiñe bcf \àh Lc|`cjh%<º: Qs ohebh wh| mdh|m qc|í r|cierm `if wcqhq& bivibibh ce maaihecq bc m bhq `ifwcqhq& }sc ier|hbsac wh| qs amwirmf ambm seh bc fhq qslqa|iwrh|cq& maheqcasceaim bcf w|ivifckih aheacbibh m cqrc hljcrh wh| fm W|hvieaim bc Qmfrm% 1º:B% Merheieh Oc|eíebcz Ah|ecjh rceb|í sem maaiñe& qie ier|hbsai| mf ohebh fhqbhq `if wcqhq ah||cqwhebicercq m cffm& wc|h ah`h qi fhq dslic|m ierck|mbh& ri|m|ífmq srifibmbcq y qc ieah|wh|m|í ahe fhq `iq`hq bc|cadhq }sc fhq maaiheiqrmq% 2º:Fhq qsqa|iwrh|cq ah`wheb|íe sem Jserm kcec|mf& ambm seh rceb|í se vhrh& fhqmsqcercq aheas||i|íe wh| `cbih bc whbc|cq% 3: Fhq maaiheiqrmq eh qc|íe ce amqhmfkseh |cqwheqmlfcq fhq sehq wh| fhq hr|hq& ambm seh |cqwhebc|í wh| fm qs`m

}sc dm qsqa|iwrh% ?º:Mf iek|cqh m cqrm amwirmf bc sem w|i`c|m ctwcbiaiñebcqriembm mf |cahehai`icerh bcf |àh& }sc bclc w|hvcc| bc fmq ehaihecq w|cvimqwm|m amfasfm| y bcrc|`iem| fmq hwc|maihecq whqrc|ih|cq fm Ah`wmýàm y oijm| fmqs`m bc ohebhq ecacqm|ihq m qs hljcrh & cerheacq cffm whb|í ms`cerm| fmqsqa|iwaiñe y bm|qc fm sfri`m ctrceqiñe y h|kmeizmaiñe ah`h bcrc|`iemqc ce

  Jserm% ;º: Dmqrm cf ric`wh ce }sc qc vc|ioi}sc cf m|ràasfh merc|ih|& fm Jsermctwcbi|í qsq eckhaihq wh| `cbih bc ah`iqihecq ieqr|sibmq y aheoc|ibmq m qsqw|hwihq iebivibshq& }sc fmq bcqc`wcým|íe k|mrsirm`cerc% 4: Ambm maaiheiqrmcer|ckm|í fm qs`m bc qs maaiñe m w|hwh|aiñe y qckúe fh bc`mebm|ce fmqievc|qihecq% 9: Fmq maaihecq qc|íe eckhaimlfcq y r|meq`iqilfcq ahe w|cvih

ahehai`icerh bcf W|cqibcerc bc fm Jserm }sc qc eh`l|m|í ce cf w|i`c| marh bcqs ieah|wh|maiñe%

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 2 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

Fm ameribmb bc marh|cq marsmercq& dmlfme m fmq afm|mq bc fm ah`wfcjibmb bcfw|hycarh& }sc ieiaimlm ahe fm ctwfh|maiñe bcf |àh ce ascqriñe& fm ctwfhrmaiñe bcf|cas|qh ofsvimf y oh|cqrmf& fm ieqrmfmaiñe bc ahfheimq mk|àahfmq& fm oh|`maiñe bccjibhq y fm a|cmaiñe wh| úfri`h bc sem escvm w|hvieaim qhl|c cf rc||irh|ih bcfK|me Admah%Fhq m|ràasfhq ?º y ;º qs|kce bmbh }sc fm ieoh|`maiñe qs`ieiqr|mbm ce fmw|i`c|m |cseiñe bc maaiheiqrmq qc ceaher|mlm lmqmbm ce vmkhq |casc|bhq y c|mwhah afm|m |cqwcarh mf cqrmbh bc fm |ckiñe wh| bhebc ah||c biadh |àh y m qsqahebiaihecq bc emvckmlifibmb% Cq mqà }sc qc masc|bm mercq bc rh`m| asmf}sic|bcrc|`iemaiñe& ah`iqihem| mf qcýh| Wmlfh Qh|im ahe cf hljcrh bc }sc cqrc |cmfiacse vimjc bc |cahehai`icerh wh| cf Lc|`cjh& wm|m fsckh ieoh|`m| mf |cqwcarh $?)%

_imjc asyh ahqrh cqri`ñ Qh|im fsckh bc qs filc|maiñe y m fm dh|m bc fi}sibm|ascermq ce sem qs`m `ceh| m fhq qicrc if wcqhq%

Fm bifmrmbm bcrceaiñe bc fhq ierck|mercq bc fm ctwcbiaiñe ce rc||irh|ih bcfWm|mksmy y fhq mahercai`icerhq whfàriahq c diqrñ|iahq }sc wh| cerheacqqsacbic|he ce fm |ckiñe bcrc|`iem|he fm bifsaiñe bcf w|hycarh%

W|hrmkheiqrmq y wm|ràaiwcq iebi|carhq:

 Jsme Merheih Ífvm|cz bc M|cemfcq: Khlc|embh| bc Qmfrm bcqbc =4<1 dmqrm =4<?%Cq bcwscqrh wh| fm |cvscfrm bc Kh||iri%Mm|ñe Amqrcffmehq: C`w|cqm|ih qmfrcýh y rcemz c`w|cebcbh| wh| fm ieqrmfmaiñece cf rc||irh|ih emaihemf& bc Ahfheimq mk|àahfmq ierck|mbmq ahe ie`ik|mercqcs|hwchq% Dh`l|c bc oh|rsem& fhk|mbm m r|mvéq bc fmq ctwfhrmaihecq `iec|mq bcWmqah ce cf Wc|ú% Eh qc |ckiqr|m qs w|cqceaim bs|merc cf r|meqas|qh bc fmctwcbiaiñe%

$?) Cf w|i`c| wmqh iebiqwceqmlfc bc fm c`w|cqm cq cf |cahehai`icerh bc fm amwmaibmb bcf |àh qsqbc`m|amaihecq wh|}sc qhfh qhl|c cqrm ahqrhqm lmqc& qs wscbce eivcfm| fmq sfrc|ih|cqhwc|maihecq& ah`wscqrm bc sem ctrceqm eivcfmaiñe& ls}scq mbcasmbhq& `cbibmq bioàaifcq ybiqwcebihqmq& cra% Wm|m bm|fh múe ce fm aheriekceaim bcf étirh bcqcmbh& cq w|caiqh aheqr|si|ls}scq m w|hwñqirh& mahwim| `mbc|mq wm|m cffh y m||hqr|m| hr|mq bioiasfrmbcq& y ah`h cqrhqr|mlmjhq dme bc cocarsm|qc ce bcqic|rh& cq oh|zhqh ffcvm| m éf bcqbc cf w|i`c| iercfikcerc }sc fhqdm bc bi|iki| dmqrm fm qmf }sc dm bc aheqs`i| cf úfri`h bc fhq wchecq bcqriembhq m bcq`herm|& mml|i| am`iehq wm|m ahebsai| fmq `mbc|mq mf |àh& m fcvmerm| lm||mamq bc ml|ikh& ce oie cq oh|zhqhffcvm| mffà sem ahfheim bc m|rcqmehq y kcercq iebsqr|ihqmq |cahkibmq bc bhebc qc ceascer|ce y

`mercec|fmq%

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  Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 3 

@mescf Qhfm: Dc|`meh bc _iarh|ieh& qc `ceaihem ce aic|rhq r|mlmjhq ah`h

mah`wmýmerc bc fm ctwcbiaiñe bc Qh|im% Ce =419 osc bcqikembh khlc|embh| bcfm W|hvieaim bc Qmfrm% Eh qc |ckiqr|m qs w|cqceaim bs|merc cf r|meqas|qh bc fmctwcbiaiñe%Wmlfh Qh|im: Ah`iqihembh wh| fm Qhaicbmb Caheñ`iam bcf Lc|`cjh& wm|mh|kmeizm| fm ctwcbiaiñe bcqriembm m |cfcvm| bc biadh as|qh%Hfmc|adcm - H|`mcadcm% Whb|àm r|mrm|qc bc Ksiffc|`h H|`mcadcm& vcaieh bcQmfrm ahe m`wfim r|mqacebceaim ce cf m`lirh whfiriah bc biadm w|hvieaim%Mah`wmým fm ctwcbiaiñe bcqbc cf wserh ahehaibh ah`h Wizm||h dmqrm cf Wscqrhbc @mb|ikmf%Merheih Ah|ecjh: Ah`mebmerc Kcec|mf bc O|herc|mq% Mah`wmým se wc}scýh

r|m`h bc fm r|mvcqàm bcf Qme Qmfvmbh|& ie`cbimrm`cerc bcqwséq bc lhrmbh dmqrmcf Wscqrh bc @mb|ikmf_iarh|ieh Qhfm: Mkcerc bc eckhaihq bc fm W|hvieaim bc Qmfrm% Mah`wmým sewc}scýh r|m`h bc fm r|mvcqàm bcf Qme Qmfvmbh|& dmqrm cf wscqrh bc @mb|ikmf%Fsam h Fsàq& A|cqai|& A|cqi| h A|cac|% Wmqmjc|h ahe ahehai icerhq bc `m|iec|àm&¸Ah`c|aimerc8 Iercermlm r|mqfmbm| =< lsfrhq bc rmlmah%

 Jsme Nie: Ah`wmýc|h bc vimjc bc Fsiq A|cqai|%Eiahfíq Bcqamfzi: Wifhrh bc fm ctwcbiaiñe& hamqihemf aheqr|sarh| bc lm|ahq cei`w|hviqmbm mrm|mzmem%

 Jsme Jhqé Amemfcq% Aher|m`mcqr|c% Bc emaihemfibmb adifcem%

Fh|cezh Qmfksc|h - Qmfksc|hq% Bcqwceqc|h%@c|fh: Hoiaiñ bc mysbmerc bc Bcqamfzi ce fm aheqr|saaiñe y lhrmbs|m bcf QmeQmfvmbh|% Eh ffckm|he m se masc|bh ahe Qh|im |cqwcarh m qs qmfm|ih% Eh oh|`ñwm|rc bc fm ctwcbiaiñe%Wcb|h Km|aàm% Amfmomrc|h%O|meaiqah Om|àmq% Wcñe% Bc emaihemfibmb adifcem osc `sc|rh bc r|cq fmezmzhq%Kml|icf Qíeadcz% Wcñe

 Jsqrh Wmqrh|% WcñeFsaimeh h Fh|cezh Ofh|cq% WcñeMfcjmeb|h Qmfmq% Wcñe%

Wcb|h Mlme% Wcñe@m|ah H|riz% Wcñe@m|ràe \ivc|h% WcñeQi`ñe \siz% WcñeMrmemqih Ieam% Wcñe

 Jhqé Ficeb|h% WcñeO|meaiqah Amqriffh% WcñeEm|aiqh Bimz% WcñeO|meaiqah Adh}sc% Wcñe@íti`h @mb|ikmf: Dijh bcf wscqrc|h @mb|ikmf& dmaàm bc r|mbsarh| ahe fmq

bivc|qmq ah`seibmbcq iebàkcemq%%

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?  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

Qmerimkh y Mksqràe: Amai}scq `mrmahq m`ikhq bc @m|imeh%Adieadàe% Dijh bcf amai}sc `mflmfí Adieadàe& }sc qslh|biemlm m fhq adseswæcqrm`liée ffm`mbhq hahfcq%Bh`ieksirh: Amai}sc bc wm|aimfibmb dhqrif& cjcasrmbh%@m|imeh: Bc fm `iq`m wm|aimfibmb }sc Adieadàe& hoiaimlm wm|m fm hamqiñe bcah||ch cer|c fm emvc y fmq msrh|ibmbcq& mah`wmým m fm ctwcbiaiñe%Admkimq - Admkihq: Amai}sc% Hoiaim bc ksàm se ah|rh r|mycarh%Mkhqrie - Mksqriecq: Amai}sc bc fm Meriksm |cbsaaiñe bc Qme Lc|em|bh%@m|ràe: Amai}sc bc fm meriksm |cbsaaiñe bc fhq Amekmyé& dijh bcf Amai}scMksqràe%Wmqmai|- Wmqmi|: Mah`wmým se ah|rh r|mycarh m fm ctwcbiaiñe%Wmrhri-Whrhri: Amai}sc w|i`h bc @m|ràe% Mah`wmým se r|m`h bc fm ctwcbiaiñe%

 Jsme Jhqé: Amai}sc Rhlm& qc ahermarm ce cf úfri`h r|m`h bc fm ctwcbiaiñe%

Am|marc|àqriamq bc fmq c`lm|amaihecq srifizmbmq:

Cf lm|ah lmsrizmbh ah`h Qme Qmfvmbh|& mfimq Cf Wmiqmeh& aheqr|sibh wh| Bcqamfziahe `mbc|mq bc fmwmadh y s|sebmy c|m wfmeh& bc bhq w|hmq& ahe 3< wicq bc}siffm& =? bc `mekm& y 1=(< bc wsermf& `cbibm bc Wm|àq% Amfmlm << wsfkmbmq $;)%

Qc ceaher|mlm m|riffmbh ahe bhq am|hembmq y se wcb|c|h ahe hadh lmfmq bcl|heac% Y bhq amehmq aheqr|sibmq bc acb|h bcqriembmq mf |cahehai`icerh w|cvihbs|merc fm emvckmaiñe bcf as|qh%

Whec`hq m aheqibc|maiñe bc oh|`m ie`cbimrm& cf bim|ih wc|qhemf bc emvckmaiñe}sc ffcvm|m mbcfmerc cf wifhrh irmfimeh Eiahfíq Bcqamfzi wm|m fh }sc osc fmCtwcbiaiñe bcqriembm m |cfcvm| bcf as|qh bc mksmq }sc ehq haswm h|kmeizmbm

ce cf mýh bc =4<? wh| fm bceh`iembm Qhaicbmb bcf \àh Lc|`cjh%Amlc bcqrmam| }sc cf `iq`h osc |cbmarmbh cf <2 bc ml|if bc =41<& ce LscehqMi|cq& wh| asmerh fm bhas`cermaiñe h|ikiemf dmlàm qibh qcascqr|mbm wh|msrh|ibmbcq bcf khlic|eh bcf Wm|mksmy mf qc| bcrceibhq m fm mfrs|m bcf wscqrhbc Rmffi%

$;) ‖ahe se amfmbh bc <= wsfkmbmq y `cbim h bhq rc|aimq bc vm|m `cehq bhq y `cbim wsfkmbmq‐ehq rc|`iem bc mqcks|m|& Eiahfíq Bcqamfzi 

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi ; 

Whb|í cf fcarh| mbvc|ri| m r|mvéq bc fmq wmfml|mq bcf wifhrh aic|rh ceaheh y oiemi|heàm asmebh qc bi|ikc mf Ah`iqihembh Qh|im& osebm`cermebh qs ctwhqiaiñe cefm iehwc|meaim wscqrm bc `meioicqrh wh| cqrc úfri`h ce fm ahebsaaiñe bc fmc`w|cqm& fmq ieecacqm|imq a|iriamq dcadmq wslfiamq m fm omfrm bc vcfm`ce y |c`hqce fmq c`lm|amaihecq aheqr|sibm wh| cf wifhrh& fmq marirsbcq bc bcqw|caih dmaimcf wc|qhemf ahe cf aheqcascerc bcacqh bc seh bc fhq wchecq& fh wm|riasfm| bc fmoh|`m bc w|cqcerm|qc merc fmq msrh|ibmbcq wm|mksmymq }sc asf`iem ahe sembcrceaiñe wh| aieah mýhq wm|m rhbm fm r|iwsfmaiñe& fm whqrc|ih| cbiaiñe bc}sieicerhq cjc`wfm|cq bc se wfmeh bcf vimjc qie fm aheoh|`maiñe bc Bcqamfzi&wm|m asf`iem| ahe se rmjmerc bcqwibh qie wmkh bc dheh|m|ih mfkseh & ah`h ymvc|c`hq%Biadh bim|ih ksm|bm wm|riasfm| am|marc|àqriam ce qs |cbmaaiñe% Bcqamfzi& }scffcvmlm cqamqh ric`wh bc |mbiamaiñe ce escqr|h wmàq& qs`mbh mfbcqahehai`icerh bc fhq `hbiq`hq |ckihemfcq& |cmfizm se ceh|`c cqosc|zh mfr|mrm| bc vhfam| cf aherceibh bcf `iq`h mf cqwmýhf& ahe fhq aheqcascercq c||h|cqbc qiermtiq }sc ce qs fcars|m qc mbvc|ri|í& rh|eíebhfh se rmerh ah`wfcjh bc qc|ierc|w|crmbh%Wh| aheqiksicerc dc`hq bcrc|`iembh ce w|i`c| fskm|& ho|cac| sem vc|qiñe }scqs|kc bc fm ah`wifmaiñe cocarsmbm wh| cf w|hocqh|& bharh| Cqwhqri qsrif`cercmjsqrmbh mf ibih`m cqwmýhf& mah`wmýmbm ahe mfksemq hlqc|vmaihecq }scomaifirme qs ah`w|ceqiñe& wm|m fsckh qà& bm| m ahehac| cf rctrh h|ikiemf bc biadhbim|ih%Mbc`íq& ifsqr|mebh mf rctrh& qc mah`wmým|íe i íkcecq hlrceibmq bcf `mwm bc|cfcvm`icerh asym msrh|àm qà ah||cqwhebc mf Wifhrh bhe Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi%

BIM\IH MJSQRMBH Y HLQC\_MBH BC FM CTWCBIAIÑE MF LC\@CJHBCF MÝH BC =4<?% WH\ EIAHFÍQ BCQAMFZI%

Cf bàm <7 bc `myh bc =4<? rc|`ieé bc amfmomrcm| cf lm|ah ahe cf mstifih bcfm|khemsrm bhe Qh|im }sc qhfh `c bih se wh}sirh bc `mrc& vcme qs fil|iffh yfcc|íe m ohjmq =< $4) }sc éf rhbh fh dm dcadh& wc|h js|h }sc& `icer|mq yh r|mlmjmlm&Qh|im amvifmlm añ`h whbc| dmac| wm|m cadm|fh rhbh m wc|bc| y vhfvc|qc m Qmfrm%

$Qc cadm cf lm|ah mf mksm)

Oiemf`cerc ffckñ cf bàm bc `i bcqk|maim& cf bàm rc||ilfc bc `i vibm& bàm }sc bcqbccerheacq eh qcerà ce `à& fm qmfsb wc|ocarm }sc mercq bc cqrc oie rceàm & cf bàm <=& cf`iq`h ce }sc cf lm|ah $qc lhrñ) mf mksm%

$4) Dmac |coc|ceaim mf bceh`iembh ‖Ieoh|`c bcf Ah`iqihembh bc fm Qhaicbmb bcf |àh Lc|`cjh‐qsqa|irh wh| Wmlfh Qh|im%

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 4  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

Mf m`mecac| bc cqrc bàm bijc m Qh|im }sc diaicqc mffmem| cf am`ieh }sc éf dmlàmdcadh ce fm lm||meam wm|m cadm| cf lm|ah mf mksm& cf }sc c|m `sy `mfh& `icer|mqyh dm|àm whec| fhq wmfhq }sc dmlàme bc qc|vi| wm|m cadm| cf lm|ah mf mksm rhbhqbc se $`iq`h) k|hqh| y ffmehq& }sc mqà cf lm|ah i|àm mf mksm qie oh|acjcm|fh&|cqwhebiéebh`c }sc cf lm|ah i|í mf mksm ‖¸dh }sc cf bimlfh m bc qc|8 ‖$9)%

@c ffceé bc añfc|m y $`c) |cqhfvà m}scf bàm `h|i|& `mq lice }sc vc|`c ce fmaí|acf bc Qmfrm ahe `i dheh| wc|bibh wh| se dh`l|c ieom`c% Wsqc bclmjh bcflm|ah fhq wmfhq lice ceqclmbhq y ahe cf mwm|cjh wh| fm w|hm& fh r|mlm`hq ah`h m

  Jsbmq& cer|crmerh ilm vieicebh `sadm kcerc wm|m vc| cadm| cf Lm|ah mf mksm&vieh cf bharh| $8) Fsam A|cai| y Bhe Jsme Nie& ah`wmýc|hq cqrhq úfri`hq& `cmysbm|he ahe cf mwm|cjh }sc dmlàm wscqrh bc whwm& dmqrm }sc cqrsvh cf lm|ah cefm h|iffm bcf mksm& wm|m mqà bm|fc cf úfri`h ri|ñe%Qh|im `c mlmebheñ rhrmf`cerc y qc w|cwm|ñ ahe k|mebcq m`cemzmq% Bijc yh m fhqwchecq }sc `c ffcvmqce se meafhrc ceai`m bc sem iqfm bc m|cem h lmeah }sccqrmlm ce `cbih bcf |àh wm|m $mqà) m`m||m|fc se amlfc y vm|m| cf lm|ah mffà ce amqhbc }sc diaicqc mksm%Bmbh }sc eiekseh }siqh i|& rhbhq qc dmlàme wscqrh ceai`m bc fm lm||meam aheQh|im m `i|m|& fiqrh $cqrc) }sizíq wm|m mw|cebc|`c ce amqh bc dmac| mksm cfLm|ah%Cerheacq `c wsqc cf meafhrc ce `i cqwmfbm y cadíebh`c mf mksm rhbh qsbmbh&fh ffcvé dmqrm cf lmeah& `icer|mq @c|fh }sirmlm fhq mwm|cjhq bcf lm|ah%W|cwm|mbh mqà cf lm|ah wm|m bm|fc cf úfri`h ri|ñe& rhbhq qc wsqic|he ceai`m bc fmlm||meam m `i|m|% Mffí dml|àme asmebh `cehq bhqaicerhq dh`l|cq& rhbhq m`i|m|% Yh m se wmqh m fm bc|cadm bc w|hm& ce fm h|iffm bcf mksm y @c|fh ce fmwhwm m fm iz}sic|bm& fhq bhq c`wsjmebh ahe cf fh`h mf Lm|ah wm|m `hvc|fh ‖}sc bc wh|qi m mlice amomfmbh‐  $=7) mf mksm& wscq qc ceaher|mlm ahe lmqrmerc bcafivc&wc|h múe mqà& eh whbàm`hq `hvc|fh%Qmfré m lh|bh ceai`m bc fm aslic|rm y vscfrh m rhbhq fhq mb`i|mbh|cq y `i|mebhm Qh|im& js|é `h|i| `if vcacq `íq mercq }sc r|mlmjm| ahe cffhq& wh|}sc `cjh| cq`h|i| }sc r|mlmjm| ahe sqrcbcq%

$9) ‖¸Dh }sc cf bimlfh m bc qc|8‐& ¸H }sé bimlfhq wiceqm dmac|8

$=7) ‖}sc bc wh| qi m mlice amomfmbh‐& bclc|àm fcc|qc ah`h ‖}sc wm|m ahf`h cqrmlm `sy liceamfmomrcmbh‐& $lice qsaih bc l|cm)%

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 Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 9 

Qmfrh m ric||m& `c vhy m `i wfmzm m w|hm y k|iré m @c|fh: -¡Bc mffà& c`wsjñ @c|fh&c`wsjé yh& `hvicebh se whah - se rmerirh- cf lm|ah }sc ah`cezñ m bcqfizm|qc‖ah||c| ‐& ah||icebh |icqkh bc }scbm| ahe fmq wic|emq lmjh fm w|hm wscq dmlàm}scbmbh wckmbh ce fm l|cm& wc|h fikc|h& wsqc cf wic bc|cadh qhl|c cf ahqrmbh bcflm|ah y ahe osc|zm `c bcqwcksé& ri|íebh`c mf mksm wh| qcksebm vcz rhbhqsbmbh y ffceh bc moíe%

$Amikh ceoc|`h)

Cqrmebh cf Lm|ah y yh ce cf mksm& k|irmlme rhbhq ‖ceqic`m h m fmksm‐ $==) |cwcribmqvcacq y qc ffceñ bc kcerc& yh fcq w|ckseré qi dmlàm mksm mbcer|h y `cahercqrm|he }sc ‖c|m‖cqrmlm qcah& fh `iq`h }sc ce ric||m% Qh|im hyñ cqrh bcqbcfm lm||meam y qc wsqh cer|c m`m|iffh y vc|bc y qc osc mf |meadh% Qmriqocadh‖aheqhfmbh‐ ahe `i r|mlmjh& ‖`c‐ qslà m lh|bh y vi }sc ‖c|m‐ cqrmlm rhrmf`cercqcah%

C|m ym fm sem y `cbim bc fm rm|bc y eh ‖`c‐ dmlàm bcqmysembh rhbmvàm& `c osimf |meadh wm|m ah`c| c ieviré ‖ahevibé ‐ m A|cai| y Nie% R|mjc|he fm ah`ibm y yheh wsbc ah`c|& ‖qc `c osc fmksm‐& wcbà se whah bc mksm|bicerc rh`é se r|mksirhy `c }scbc se |mrh eh qé ah`h& amycebh fsckh mf qscfh ah`h `sc|rh% @cwsqic|he ceai`m bc se rmlfmbh bc m}scffhq }sc cf bioserh Ofmebcq& dmlàm r|màbhmffà% Bhe Jsme Nie bijh m A|cai|& éqrc qc `sc|c fh `iq`h }sc Ofmebcq%Qh|im qc ceaher|mlm haswmbh ce qc|vi| m Qmfrm& m Bhe _iarh|ieh Qhfí m BheMerheih Ah|ecjh& cra%& bíebhfcq wm|rc bc }sc cf ls}sc qc cadñ mf mksm ahe fmocfiaibmb bc eh dmac| sem khrm bc mksm ‖y‐ wibiéebhfcq }sc fc `mebce fm kcercbcqriembm m fm r|iwsfmaiñe& `hqr|mebh `sadm mfck|àm ‖`hqr|mlm ce qsq am|rmq`hadh ahercerh‐ `icer|mq rceàm afmvmbh se mksbh wsýmf ce qs ah|mzñe%@c|fh qc osc m H|íe m wm|riaiwm| ahe qsq m`ikhq bc fm mfck|àm ‖ahercerh‐ bc lhrm|cf lm|ah%

$@iq bcqvm|àhq) 

Cf bàm << m fm rm|bc ah`ceaé bc bcqwc|rm| bc `i fcrm|kh wc|h bcqvm|imebh`sadh% Ahe `iq bcqvm|àhq Qh|im ahehaiñ ‖bc }sc yh fh mlim wcecr|mbh mqrm m

 ohebh‐& wh|}sc ce cqrc cqrmbh dmlfmlm fm vc|bmb% Fc wcbàm yh m @c|fh }sc eh`c bcjc dmqrm cf `h`cerh bc escqr|m qmfibm% - ¸_c }sc Qh|im `c mlmebheñqhfh8-> - Sqrcb qmlc }sc cf }sc|àm qmfi| ahe cf |àh a|caibh y }sc ricec `icbh bcqmfi| ahe |àh lmjh& ym vc }sc `c mlmebhem wm|m }sc qc cadc m wc|bc| rhbh yasfwm|`c wh| |cqsfrm| ieamwmz-%

$==) ‖ceqic`m h m fmksm‐& qhl|c fm lm||meam h bcer|h bcf mksm

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 =7   Jsme Jhqé Nhww

-Sqrcb qmlc rm`liée }sc cqrc $ ) $=<) wiceqm k|mejcm|qc fm cqri`maiñe ahe cfwsclfh-% -Sqrcb qmlc ah`h mqwi|m m qsacbc| m M|cemfcq-% -@c|fh ce bhebc cqréeh `c mlmebhec%-@c|fh ffckm bc H|íe y ceascer|m }sc qhfh ievhamlm wh| éf y }sc fc |hkmlm m ehmlmebhem|`c& }sc `c rsvicqc wicbmb& }sc qic`w|c mfmlm|àm qs eh`l|c y fccqrm|àm `sy mk|mbcaibh wh| qic`w|c%@c|fh `c aheqhfmlm& wc|h embm cercebàm& aheriesmlm mlmribh wh| se osc|rccqrmbh ocl|if% Qh|im rhbh fh hàm y qc fh ffcvmlme fhq bc`heihq eh bsbh }sc `cdslicqc }sirmbh fm vibm qi eh dslicqc qmlibh }sice c|m% @c|fh bcqwséq rhbh `cfh ahermlm%

$@c bcq`myh m lh|bh) 

Cf bàm <1 m`mecaà mfkh mfivimbh& w|ckseré wh| cf lm|ah& `c bijh @c|fh }sc mffàcqrmlm y eh dmlàm dcadh $cer|mbh) sem khrm bc mksm% Bcqclm i|`c m lh|bh wc|heh wsbc dmqrm fmq heac& }sc mah`wmýmbh wh| @c|fh `c osi% @c aheqhfmlm cfvc|fh ac|am& wc|h eh wsbc khzm| bc `i aheqscfh& qc `c hlqas|caiñ fm viqrmbcq`myíebh`c y @c|fh `c ffcvñ mf rmlfmbh& am`m w|caihqm }sc eh hfvibm|é

 jm`íq%

$Qc c`lm|ame fhq % m lh|bh)

Cf bàm <2 m fm %y %%bc fm `mýmem `c qcerà mfkh mfivimbh y `c osi m lh|bh bcflm|ah ahe @c|fh% Eieh Qhfm `c bijh }sc c|m w|caiqh ffcvm| cf lm|ah m Wizm||h$}sc mqà qc ffm`m cf fskm| }sc Qh|im ffm`ñ Wmfam bc Qh|im) $=1)

Bijc m @c|fh }sc diaicqc c`lm|am| rhbhq fhq r|mqrcq m lh|bh& `cehq fhq wmfhqwm|m dmac| fhq |c`hq& }sc qcks|m`cerc qi `c `cjh|mqc& eh vme m omfrm| |c`hq%Wh| mdh|m qhe qsoiaicercq asmr|h bc fhq asmfcq seh cq `sy k|mebc wm|m qc|vi| bcri`ñe%

$=<) Fhq wserhq qsqwceqivhq |coic|ce qcks|m`cerc m wmfml|mq ieiercfikilfcq wm|m }sicecqcocarsm|he fm w|i`c|m cbiaiñe bcf w|cqcerc bim|ih% 

$=1) Qc r|mrm bcf qirih bceh`iembh Jsermq bcf Lc|`cjh ahe cf K|mebc& mf }sc Qh|im |clmsrizñah`h Wmfam bc Qh|im%

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi == 

Cf bàm <3 m`mecaiñ km|smebh& `mebñ Qh|im m vm|imq wc|qhemq m Wizm||h wh|

ric||m wm|m w|cwm|m| fmq |cqcq wm|m dmac| adm|}sc wm|m fm w|hviqiñe bcf vimjc y`c bijh m `à }sc dhy dc`hq bc i| m Wizm||h h cf bimlfh dm|í bc fmq qsymq% Fcw|ckseré yh ahe }sé kcerc y `c |cqwhebiñ& dc`hq bc i| m Wizm||h h qc|í cfbc`heih%

$Qh|im }sic|c }sc wic|bm cf lm|ah ce fmq rhqamq)

Mffà cqrmlm @c|fh& cf amfmomrc Km|aàm& Wcb|irh ceoc|`h& Qh|im& bicz iebihq @mrmahqy yh }sc bcqbc cf bàm <7 eh dmlàm w|hlmbh se lhambh bc ah`ibm& ei qi}sic|m`mrc& qhfh ahe `i `mf `c mfi`cermlm%

Ei sem khrm bc mksm amficerc& cf a|scf }sc|àm }sc `s|icqc h cadm|m m wc|bc| cflm|ah ce fmq rhqamq }sc dmy ce cf bcqc`lh}sc bcf |àh Qmerm @m|àm ñ ce fmqwicb|mq }sc dmy `mq mlmjh ‖mlmqirh‐mercq bc ffckm| m Wizm||h& mf }sc ffm`me Wmqhbc Qmebhm%Cf lí|lm|h qi yh `c `h|àm dslic|m biadh ahe cqrc ilm y ahe hr|h eh $=2) }sic|h yqi qc wc|bàm cf lm|ah `c dslic|m masqmbh bc ieqsoiaicerc y `c dslic|m dcadh`h|i| ce sem aí|acf& wc|h mse}sc yh c|m `mfh Bihq rhbmvàm eh `c dmlàmmlmebhembh%

$=2)‐Cf lí|lm|h qi yh `c `h|àm dslic|m biadh ahe cqrc ilm y ahe hr|h eh‐& mf wm|cac| %ehq`scqr|m aic|rh bcqierc|éq bc Qh|im wh| ffcvm| mbcfmerc fm ctwcbiaiñe

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=<   Jsme Jhqé Nhww

$Qmfkh wh| Wizm||h h Wmfam bc Qh|im) 

Wscq ce cqrc cqrmbh `c osi m lh|bh& diac bcqmrm| cf Lm|ah y ahe se amlfc m w|hm yhr|h m whwm dmaàm khlc|em| cf lm|ah wh| bicz iebihq }sc cqrmlme ce cf mksm&dmaiéebhfh ffcvm| ascqrm mlmjh ym }sc eh `c c|m whqilfc bc hr|m `mec|m aheqc`cjmerc kcerc%

Qh|im ilm bc whwm m w|hm y bc w|hm m whwm%Wm|caàm }sc r|mlmjmlm ah`h se k|me `m|ieh y `c c`l|hffmlm cf ls}sc y `iqqceribhq%Fc bcaàm& -Qhqiékscqc `i|c }sc qc wscbc |cqlmfm|& }sc fm aslic|rm cqrí cek|mqmbmy `hjmbm y qc fmqri`m|í sqrcb%- Y `íq qc mkirmlm cerheacq ahe qsq lhrmqah||icebh bc m}sà wm|m mffí% Amqsmf`cerc qc |cqlmfm ahe cf wh|riffh bc fm w|hm`cricebh sem wic|em mbcer|h& khfwcmebh ahe qsq ahqriffmq& qicebh rmf cf khfwc}sc eh qc wmqcñ `íq%

$\àh Qmerm @m|àm)

Wh| fm ehadc m`m||m`hq cf lm|ah m fm lm||meam w|ñti`m m fm bcqc`lhambs|m bcf\àh Qmerm @m|àm& dmlicebh am`iembh cqc bàm se asm|rh bc fcksm%

M fm ehadc qic`w|c qcksàm km|smebh y ce m}scf cqrmbh bc fm ceoc|`cbmbwc|`mecaàm rhbh `hjmbh y eh rceàm ml|ikh wscq fm aslic|rm eh qc ceaher|mlmamfmomrcmbm%

Fhq iebihq qc }sc|àme i| wc|h m osc|zm bc m`cemzmq qc }scbm|he% Cf amfmomrc qccqamwñ% Wcb|irh }sc qiksc ceoc|`h% Fc bijc m Qh|im }sc `mebc wh| mfkúe wcñe

‖a|iqrimeh‐ wm|m whbc| wmqm| fmq rhqamq& `c |cqwhebiñ: - ¡Am|mjh& dc`hq bc i| mWizm||h h qc|í cf bc`heih-%

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi =1 

Fc ahercqré }sc ffcvmlm aieah bàmq ahe `i ceoc|`cbmb y eh rsvh fm lhebmbqi}sic|m bc qhah||c|`c ahe se whah bc mksm rilim% I|c`hq m Wizm||h y eh wiceqc}sc vhy m wc|bc| cf lm|ah%

Qi yh `sc|h rceb|í sqrcb }sc ‖iesfr|m|qc‐ $=3) ecf Admah& mffí yh `h|i|é ahe `iceoc|`cbmb wc|h sqrcb rm`liée `h|i|í wh| omfrm| yh m lh|bh%

Cf bàm <? m`mecaiñ bc fm `iq`m oh|`m& cqrh cq km|smebh% Cf lsce @c|fh m osc|zmbc cjcasrm| ahe fm amehm k|mebc }sc rceàm`hq `iq `mebmbhq& ffcvmebh $ )m}sà& mffà y mffí& fhk|m`hq wmqm| fmq rhqamq bc Qmerm @m|àm% Qc dizh bc`mqimbhrm|bc wm|m wmqm| fmq Wicb|mq bc Qmebsm% Mqà ce cqrc bàm am`iem`hq ah`h 177esbhq y m`m||m`hq cf lm|ah m fm lm||meam% Fc bijc m @c|fh }sc `c dmkm cf licebc dmac| osckh& wc|h eh wsbh& rhbh cqrmlm `hjmbh%]sc|àm amfcerm| mksm ahe se whah bc mzúam| wm|m dmac|`c sem qhwm bc kmffcrmqqie fcvmbs|m $mqà fmq `mebñ dmac| Qh|im ce Jsjsy& wh| fh `sadh }sc yh fc ieqiqrà}sc dmyme kmffcrmq m lh|bh) y mqà ahe cqrmq kmffcrmq `c diac sem qhwirm ahe mksmo|àm bcf |àh y se whah bc mzúam| y ah`à bc cqrm se wh}sirh& cq $ ) |milfc fhqhqas|cai`icerhq bc viqrm }sc `c bmlme%

Cf bàm <; m`mecaiñ afm|h y wmqé fmq wicb|mq bc Qmebúm%

$Ffckmbm m Wizm||h)

Cf bàm <4 wh| fm `mýmem ffcksé m Wizm||h& biqrmerc ah`h bhq asmb|mq bc fmbcqc`lhambs|m bcf |àh k|mebc bc Jsjsy% Qh|im osc m bhebc qc ceaher|mlme fhqasqrhbihq bc fmq |cqcq m sem biqrmeaim bc `cbim fcksm& wserh `íq ac|ameh wm|mwhbc| am|ecm| qhl|c rc||ceh oi|`c& wh|}sc mffà rhbh cq lmýmbh y rhbmvàm cqrmlmdú`cbh wh| fm a|caicerc% Yh `c }scbé ahe @c|fh y Wcb|irh& }sc ym qcceaher|mlm lice y wscqrh }sc ym cqrílm`hq ce Wizm||h& fc `mebé r|mc| se whahbc am|ec bc sem |cq |caiée omcembm y mwcemq vhfviñ fc diac w|cwm|m| amfbh yrh`é se whah% @c aheoh|rñ lmqrmerc& mse}sc `c aheoh|rñ `íq cf dcadh bcdmlc|qc ibh bc `i viqrm cf whfàriah mqcqieh%

$=3) ‖Iesfr|m|qc‐: Qc vc|í ieúrif%

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=2  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

$M|`é fmq am|hembmq)

Cf bàm <9 rh`é ws|km bc a|c`h|& sem bhqiq adiam% M fm rm|bc `c qcerà `mqmfivimbh% Diac w|cwm|m| m @c|fh wm|m r|mlmjm| ce fmq as|cýmq $=?) bc fmqam|hembmq $=;) }sc c|me bhq& bcf amfil|c =< y ah|rirhq%

$Ffckmbm bc escqr|h c}siwmjc)

M fhq whahq bàmq ffckm|he Bhe Merheih Ah|ecjh& _iarh|ieh Qhfí y cf qcýh|H|`mcadcm ahe fhq qhfbmbhq y se rceicerc }sc mah`wmýmlme m <2 whah bclsceh& bcqriembhq m escqr|h lm|ah% Fhq wsqc m dmac| rmahq wm|m fmq am|hembmq&

bc sem yc|lm }sc ffm`me lm|lm y qmfàme `sy lscehq%Diac dmac| am|rsadhq y lhfqmq bc `cr|mffm& r|mjc|he cf wcb|c|h $=4) y cf l|heac&}sc Qh|im `c dmlàm biadh& ahe hadh lmfmq bcf rm`mýh bc fm lham bcf wcb|c|h yah`h rceàme fm lham cadm m m`lhq fmbhq& fmq lmfmq whbàme qc|vi| bc rmwñe% Bcm}sà qc wscbc ieoc|i| fm qmlibs|àm bcf h|ksffhqh Qh|im%

$@i ceoc|`cbmb qc bcafm|m adsadh rc|aimem h ahribimem)

Mf `cbih bcf lm|ah dmlàm m|`mbh sem cqwcaic bc aí`m|m& ahe bhq am`m|hrcq%Seh bcqriembh m Qh|im y cf hr|h wm|m `à y }sc wh| fh `cehq ml|ikmlm bcf |haàh%

Ahe fm ffckmbm bc cqrhq r|cq qcýh|cq& acbà `i am`m|hrc m Bhe Merheieh wh| qc| cf`mq vicjh y bh|`à bhq ehadcq mf qc|ceh& c`wch|mebh lmqrmerc& bcvhfviéebh`c`i am`m|hrc bhe Merheieh% Rhbhq fhq bàmq m fm rm|bc cq asmebh `mq `c mws|mlmfm oicl|c& bc `mec|m }sc ym qc dmlàm bcafm|mbh fm ceoc|`cbmb ce ‖adsadhahribimeh‐%

$Qh|im `c dmlfm bc A|cai|)

Qh|im `c qhfàm bcai| qic`w|c }sc A|cai| }sc|àm vcei| m lh|bh ahe ehqhr|hq y }sc

}sc|àm r|mc| sehq wmrmahecq bc rmlmah%

$=?) Am||h bhebc qc `herm cf amýñe%

$=;) Amýhecq ah|rhq bc k|scqh amfil|c

$=4) Amýñe ah|rh ahe qi`ifirsbcq mf `h|rc|h y }sc fmezm wicb|mq%

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  Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi =3 

Ambm vcz }sc `c dmlfmlm bc cqrh fc bcaàm }sc qc|àm `sy lsceh aherm| aheA|cai| m lh|bh wh|}sc cericebc mfkh bc `m|iem& wc|h }sc cf rmlmah wcfik|mlm`sadh wh| vm|imq ahqmq> w|i`c|h wh|}sc cf lm|ah c|m `sy bélif y eh cqrmlmw|cwm|mbh wm|m am|km| embm& qcksebh }sc amfm|c`hq `mq mksm y ehqceaher|m|c`hq `mq ctwscqrhq m vm|m|& rc|ac|h }sc mf qso|i| se r|h`wiañe aher|mmfksem ahqm y qi cf lm|ah r|mc mbcer|h 277 m||hlmq `íq& qc|í se r|h`wiañe }scc}sivmfb|í m sem `mqm bc 277 m||hlmq $=9) & }sc escqr|h lm|ah c|m `sy bélif y ehcqrmlm wm|m cqrmq admezmq y asm|rh }sc qi fhq iebihq ehq diaicqce fm ksc||m ehqahevceb|àm rcec| cf lm|ah fh `mq mfivimbh }sc osc|m whqilfc& wh|}sc amfmebh`mq mksm whb|àm`hq vm|m| ce mfkúe bcqwfmymbh y mqà fhq iebihq bm|ehq semlh|bmjc% Rm`liée qi fhq iebihq ehq dmace fm ksc||m& ‖rceb|c`hq }sc qmfrm| fhq bhqqmfrm| }sc biace rcec|& amlmf`cerc ce bhebc fhq iebihq cqríe `mfhq‐ $<7) y wm|m qmfrm|fhcq `cecqrc| emvckm| ahe cf lm|ah vmaàh& wh|}sc qc wscbce mofhjm| fmq rmlfmq ycerheacq qc| vàari`m bc fhq iebihq% Rhbmq cqrmq ahqmq fc bcaàm y `íq& bcaàm }scffckmebh cf amqh bc }sc fhq iebihq ehq dmkme fm ksc||m rhbh fh }sc eh qcm bcctr|c`m ecacqibmb i|í mf mksm& wh|}sc yh ce rmf amqh eh |cqwhebc|àm wh| fm vibmbc embic& }sc vicqc lice cerheacq ah`h r|mrm|àm ahe A|cai|%

$Ffckmbm bc A|cai|)

Mf oie fiqrh }sc osc|m cf adm|}sc ahe rhbh fh bc`íq& vieh A|cai| ahe =< wmrmamqbc rmlmah& bc qciq m||hlmq ambm seh% Qh|im qc bclc bc dmlc| ah`w|h`cribh mr|mc|fc cf rmlmah& wh|}sc yh `c ceaher|mlm ceoc|`h y ecacqirm|àm bc A|cai|%

$Bhe _iarh|ieh ehq bm fmq ctwcbiaihecq)

Bhe _iarh|ieh Qhfm c|m cf khlc|embh| ierc|ieh bc M|cemfcq y cf ehq bih escqr|hqbcqwmadhq& rmf asmf Qh|im fhq biarñ y c|me bc cqrm qsc|rc:‖ Mdà vm cf qcýh| Bhe Wmlfh Qh|im& m w|mariam| cf |cahehai`icerh bcf \àhLc|`cjh& cevimbh wh| fm Qhaicbmb ffm`mbm bcf Lc|`cjh& w|hrckibm wh| rhbmq fmqW|hvieaimq seibmq bcf \àh bc fm Wfmrm y |hkm`hq m fmq Emaihecq m`ikmq bc

mstifim|fh& w|hrckc|fh& cra% cra% Ahe cf lm|ah Qme Qmfvmbh| mfimq Cf Wmiqmeh&c}siwmbh wh| cf wifhrh Eiahfíq Bcqamfzi y cf c}siwmjc ah||cqwhebicerc ‐

$=9) Asm|rm wm|rc bc se }siermf> ==&37< nkq%

$<7) Rceb|c`hq }sc qmfrm| fhq bhq qmfrm| }sc biace rcec|& amlmf`cerc ce bhebc fhq iebihq cqríe `mfhq‐ &bclc fcc|qc ah`h ‖ rceb|c`hq }sc wmqm| fhq bhq qmfrhq }sc biace rcec| $cf as|qh bcf Lc|`cjh)&mffà bhebc fhq iebihq qhe `mq dhqrifcq‐

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=?  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

$Cf c}siwmjc)

Amwiríe: Wmlfh Qh|imWifhrh: Eiahfíq Bcqamfzi& m 37 wcqhq ceqsmfcq%Aher|m`mcqr|c: Jsme Jhqé amemfcq& m 4 wcqhq%Bcqwceqc|h: Fh|cezh Qmfksc|h m =7 wcqhq%

Wchecq h `m|iec|hq:

O|meaiqah Om|àmq m ? wcqhq%Kml|icf Qíeadcz m ? wcqhq%

 Jsqrh Wmqrh| m ? wcqhq%Fsaimeh Ofh|cq m ? wcqhq%

Cqrhq asmr|h `s|ic|he% Cf w|i`c|h eh |cailiñ embm y fhq hr|hq |cailic|he =<wcqhq eh`íq ambm seh%

Fh|cezh Ofh|cq m ? wcqhq%Mfcjmeb|h Qmfm m ? wcqhq%Wcb|h Mlme m ? wcqhq%@m|ah H|riz m ? wcqhq%

@m|ràe \ivc|h m ? wcqhq%Rhbhq cqrhq |cailic|he =< wcqhq ambm seh%

Qi`ñe \siz m ? wcqhq%Mrmemqih Ieam m ? wcqhq%

 Jhqé Ficeb|c m ? wcqhq%O|meaiqah Amqriffh m ? wcqhq%Em|aiqh Bàmz m ? wcqhq%Bh`iekh Adh}sc m ? wcqhq%

Se ieré|w|crc rhlm }sc bcqc|rñ%

Wmqmjc|h bhe Fsàq A|cai|%

Cer|c rhbm cqrm kcerc eh dmlàm eiekúe `m|ieh& ei Qh|im& ei cf aher|m`mcqr|c& ei cfbcqwceqc|h& embic& qhfh cf wmqmjc|h A|cai|%

@c|fh dslic|m vceibh wc|h Qh|im eh }siqh wmkm|fc fhq vcierc wcqhq `ceqsmfcq

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi =; 

}sc éqrc wcbàm% Dmlàm rm`liée r|cq wm|mksmyhq m fhq }sc eh fcq }siqh wmkm|&}sc|àm }sc fh qi|vicqce wh| qs fiebm am|m%

$Mbvc|rceaim }sc dmkh m Qh|im)

Fc bijc yh m Qh|im }sc eh dmkm ahfham| m}scffmq wmfml|mq ‖w|hrckibm wh| rhbmqfmq W|hvieaimq bcf \àh bc fm Wfmrm‐& }sc qc|àm se bcafm|m| fm ksc||m mf Wm|mksmy&úeiam emaiñe wh| fm }sc dmlàm`hq bc wmqm| y }sc eh c|m wm|rc bc fmq W|hvieaimqSeibmq& wh|}sc fhq amai}scq bcf Admah eh ehq ilme m wcbi| escqr|hq wmwcfcq yahe cqrmq ctw|cqihecq adham|àm`hq bc`mqimbh ahe cf khlic|eh bcf Wm|mksmy%Bhe _iarh|ieh bcaàm fh `iq`h wc|h Qh|im eh fh aheqieriñ& cerheacq bijh Bhe

_iarh|ieh& fcq bm|é se hoiaih wm|m O|meaim $<=) y Qh|im eh fh }siqh& mf aher|m|ih}sc|àm qckúe bc`hqr|mlm m`cemzm| mf Wm|mksmy%

$Amfibmb bc escqr|h c}siwmjc)

Cer|c cf c}siwmjc qc ceaher|mlme Qmfksc|h y Amqriffh ah`h úeiahq vhfserm|ihq&fhq bc`íq c|me oh|zmbhq& ‖cqrhcq fhq $ ) `mq‐% Fhq }sc omfrme bc fhq <2 r|màbhqbcqc|rm|he& bc cer|c fhq bcqc|rh|cq bhq c|me dc|`mehq }sc osc|he w|cqhq ceH|me ‖`icer|mq yh cqrmlm ce Qilc|im‐ wh|}sc dmlàme `mrmbh m qs wmb|c wm|mbiqo|srm| bc qs `mb|c `mq m ksqrh% Se wcñe bcqc|rñ ce cf am`ieh% Wcb|h Mlíedmlàm `sc|rh bc sem wsýmfmbm m qs `iq`m cqwhqm bcfmerc bcf khlc|embh| bc

 Jsjsy& cra% cra% Fhq bc`íq c|me |cafsrmq bcqc|rh|cq bc m}scffhq }sc fhq qmfrcýhqcevimlme m Lscehq Mi|cq wm|m dmac| fm ksc||m m fhq L|mqifcýhq%

$<=) Jhqé Kmqwm| \hb|àkscz bc O|meaim& |ikiñ fhq bcqriehq bcf Wm|mksmy bcqbc =4=2 dmqrm qs`sc|rc has||ibm ce =427%

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=4  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

$Qh|im eh }sc|àm cjcasrm| cf vimjc) 

@sadmq vcacq dmlàm biadh yh m Qh|im }sc eh wibicqc kcerc mf khlic|eh& wh|}sccf khlic|eh ehq bm|àm kcerc `mfm y ffcem bc bcfirhq& wc|h Qh|im eh }sc|àm cjcasrm|cf vimjc% Yh qic`w|c fc bcaàm }sc qi `c r|mjcqc w|cqhq eh qcksi|àm cf vimjc& }sc}sc|àm vhfserm|ihq y }sc fhq wmkmqc& wc|h |cwirh& Qh|im eh }sc|àm cjcasrm| cfvimjc% Úfri`m`cerc asmebh cfikiñ mfksehq lscehq cqrhq eh }siqic|he vcei|&@c|fh& fhq wm|mksmyhq y Wcb|irh% @c bijh Qh|im: -Dc biadh m Bhe _iarh|ieh }sccq w|caiqh qc| bcqmoh|mbhq wm|m c`w|cebc| rmf vimjc ahe qc`cjmerc kcerc%-

Yh fc ahercqré: -Sqrcb `c dm omfrmbh ce rhbh-% -Cqrhy `sy ceoc|`h y

qcks|m`cerc wh| mffà mlmjh `h|i|é y sqrcb qcks|m`cerc rm`liée `h|i|í qi ehdmac wm|m| `i ceoc|`cbmb h qieric|m }sc mfkseh bijcqc wh| mffà }sc bc ahlm|bc`c diac cf ceoc|`h wm|m eh qcksi| cf vimjc-% -Yh dmqrm m}sà dc rceibh rhbhq fhqwcqm|cq y fhq r|mlmjhq dmqrm wc|bc| `i qmfsb- % - @íq mlmjh qc|é ce `iq `mfcqaheqhfmbh wh|}sc sqrcb rm`liée qc i|í m wi}sc y wc|cac|í& fh }sc }sic|h cq }scqmfkm`hq bc sem vcz%-

$@iq bcqchq bc qmfi| mf Admah)

Se bcqch rceàm& cf bc qmfi| c ierc|em|`c ce cf Admah wm|m bcqameqm| bc sem vcz&wscq ym eh whbàm qhwh|rm| `iq `mfcq y `iq r|mlmjhq& wscq mffà `c wm|caàm |cksfm|}sc ambm seh w|has|m|m dmac| fh whqilfc wm|m aheqc|vm| qs w|hwim vibm&r|mlmjmebh& asibmebh cra% y wh| aheqiksicerc mqà bm| se whah bc bcqameqh m `ibélif asc|wh h lice `h|i| bc sem vcz%

$Qmfibm bc Wizm||h wh| Wmfam)

Cqrmebh fiqrhq wm|m `m|adm| qc bcqwmadh m rhbm fm kcerc }sc eh i|àme m lh|bh&cqrh cq fhq qhfbmbhq ahe qs hoiaimf fhq }sc bclàme mksm|bm|ehq ce cf wscqrh bc@mb|ikmf% Bhe _iarh|ieh& Bhe Merheih y cf qcýh| H|`mcadcm }scbm|he mlh|bhwm|m emvckm| cqrc r|cadh }sc dmy bcqbc Wizm||h dmqrm cf wscqrh bc @mb|ikmf%Qh|im qc osc wh| ric||m m r|mc| fmq bhq amehirmq y yh }scbé bc i| ahe cf lm|ah dmqrm

fm Jserm wm|m mksm|bm|fh m sem biqrmeaim ah`h bc m bhq asmb|mq%

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi =9 

@mebé bcqm`m||m| cf lm|ah y ahe lhrmbh|cq m c`wsjm| cf lm|ah wm|m mfcjm|fh sewhah bc fm h|iffm y bcjm|ehq i| mf qhe bcf am`mfhrc& wscqrh }sc cf |àh ilm `sylsceh y `meqh% A|cai| qc wsqh m mflh|hrm|& bc rmf qsc|rc }sc eh dmlàm ce rhbh cflm|ah $ ) |c`hq& k|irmlm m}sà y mdà $ )& yh }scbé qh|w|cebibh bc vc| m sewmqmjc|h rh`m| whqcqiñe ahe rmerh mdàeah& `c }scbé se fm|kh |mrh hlqc|vmebh&dmqrm }sc qmfré m w|hm& }siré fhq |c`hq& ieri`é m qifceaih m rhbhq y h|bceé m fhqwchecq }sc qhfm`cerc fh }sc yh `mebm|m qc bclàm bc dmac|% Bi ohebh ahe cfmeafm ceo|cerc `iq`h bc fm bcqc`lhambs|m bcf \àh K|mebc bc Jsjsy& ce ohebhbc m|cem y $ %) rc|aimq bc w|hosebibmb% Cf \àh bc Jsjsy eh rceàm `íq }sc semrc|aim bc ohebh& vcme `i wfmeh%

Cqrc osc cf wserh bc escqr|m qmfibm qckúe fmq h|bcecq bc ctwcbiaiñe bcf lm|ah&wc|h wh| fmq hlqc|vmaihecq mqr|heñ`iamq cf wserh oijmbh osc cf @hq}sirmf&wh|}sc m}sà eh diac eieksem hlqc|vmaiñe y Qh|im `icerc wh|}sc yh ffcvmlm cfbc||hrc|h m fcy bc cqri`m ah`h ym fh dc ctwfiambh% Osc cf bàm =; bc jseih bc =4<?

$y eh cf }sieac ah`h biac Qh|im) asmebh cqrsvi`hq ce fm Jserm h Wmfam& ahe cflm|ah Qme Qmfvmbh| mfimq Wmiqmeh& ahe se amfmbh bc <= wsfkmbmq y `cbim h bhqrc|aimq bc vm|m `cehq bhq y `cbim wsfkmbmq& fiqrhq wm|m mr|hwcffm| mf K|meAdmah& c}siwmbhq fm `myh| wm|rc wh| omaiec|hqhq& m|`mbhq ahe bhq am|hembmqbc m =< ce ahfizm& sem m whwm y fm hr|m m w|hm& se wcb|c|irh bc m seh ahe hadhlmfmq bc l|heac se whah `mq adiamq }sc fm amlczm bc Qh|im% $Bcqwséq A|cai| dizhamýhrhq bc wfh`h bcf amfil|c bcf wcb|c|h)& <9 osqifcq& sem rc|ac|hfm mf ahqrmbh bcQh|im& bhq wm|cq bc wiqrhfmq wm|m sqh bcf Ah`iqihembh y se wm| `íq wm|m `isqh% ¸Y }sé `íq8& rm`liée se wieadmqmwhq h cqwmbm ahe qs amlh bh|mbh bcfAmwiríe Kcec|mf Ctacfceràqi`h Qcýh| Bhe Qh|im& `if am|rsadhq bc osqif y ?7 wm|m

fmq am|hembmq& ahe qcqcerm lhfqmq bc `cr|mffm bc m =77 y =47 lmfmq bc hezm% Selm||if iebih bc wñfvh|m y `sadmq lmfmq bc hezm% Asmr|h meafhrcq& bhq ambcemq y

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<7  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

amlfcq y `hrhecq& cra% R|cq amehmq& sem k|mebc y bhq adi}sirmq bcqriembmq wm|mi| mbcfmerc qhebcmebh cf |àh }sc qhe fmq }sc diac ce Qilc|im y }sc osc m r|mc|

Qh|im& asmr|h |c`hq }sc yh r|mlmjé ahe `iq w|hwimq `mehq & mse}sc Qh|im biaceh dmlc| `íq }sc se |c`h& ei ri`ñe& ei vcfmq cra%

Qi eh dslh `mq |c`hq cq wh|}sc eh dslh }sice fhq dmkm& qi eh dslh ri`ñedmlàm se |c`h `sy lsceh }sc fh qswfàm & ‖ wh| fm `iqc|mlfc ah`wmýàm bcf lm|ah ‖& qieh dslh wmfh ahe vcfm& cq wh|}sc eh fh ecacqirílm`hq& bc`mqimbh mwm|cjhr|màm`hq& ‖ ahe r|mc| lmqrmerc `íq wm|m dmac| `mrc y ahe fhq omaiec|hqhq& }sé `mq}sc|àm`hq& bc`mqimbh mwm|cjmbhq cqrílm`hq& y bcqwséq qi dslic|m qsacbibh mfksem

 wmvmbm ce cf am`ieh ahe rh`m| mfkúe wsc|rh bc fhq \cycq bcf Admah cq lice qcks|h }scehq dslic|me qhah||ibh ahe fh }sc ricece ce qsq m|qcemfcq‐% 

$Ehrm)

Qh|im biac }sc eh rceàm`hq `mq }sc se |c`h y A|cai| mk|ckm }sc eiekseh%Wm|cac }sc }sc|àme m|`m| m Qme Qmfvmbh| ah`h sem kmfc|m% Yh bikh rm`liée}sc rceàm`hq whahq wc|h ei Qh|im ei A|cai| r|mlmjm|he ce eiekseh bc fhq }scdmlàm% Bikh yh }sc rceàm`hq `mq |c`hq }sc |c`c|hq& mqà qmam|é fm ascerm yh bcfhq |c`hq y }sc Qh|im qm}sc bc fhq |c`c|hq% Fm úeiam ascerm }sc qmah cq fm bc

fhq |c`hq dcadhq wh| `i w|hwim `meh y hjmfm `c wmkmqce wh| fm dcads|m bccffhq }sc rhbmvàm `c fm bclce% Se |c`h `sy k|mebc wm|m khlc|em| y aieah `mqahe cf lm|ah% Aieah wm|m fm amehm k|mebc seh bc cffhq se whah `mq fm|kh wm|mkhlc|em| fm amehm y r|cq `mq adiahq }sc c|me wm|m sem amehm `mq adiam% ]sc‖mqceqh‐ qc bcjh ffcvm| wh| cf |àh ce ric`wh bc a|caicerc wc|biéebhqc bhq |c`hq`íq% Rhbhq cqrmlme m lh|bh y osc|he dcadhq wh| `à ce cf @hq}sirmf ce fhq bàmqbc oicqrm asmebh fhq wchecq ilme m H|íe y c|me bc `mbc|m wcri|ilà& cf |c`h fm|khbc fm amehm k|mebc fh lhkmlm cf wcñe Qi`ñe \siz ‖bm se wh|riffh bm Amehe‐% @sylice& bc `mec|m }sc c|me bhac |c`hq `mq asmr|h bc fmq amehirmq& dcadhq bcacb|h& `sy dc|`hqhq y bc fsjh& dcadhq rm`liée wh| `à y bhq wmfhq `mq rm`liée

wm|m fmq bhq amehirmq rm`liée dcadhq wh| `à% Qm}sc mdh|m fm ascerm Qh|im& bcfhq |c`c|hq%

Mf whah |mrh ffckñ Qh|im ahe fmq bhq amehirmq y ehq wsqi`hq m am`iem| fh `cjh|whqilfc& ahe fmq amehirmq wh| bcfmerc wc|h c|me amqi ieúrifcq wh| eh qmlc|fmqkhlc|em| escqr|hq amehc|hq& bc qsc|rc }sc cf lm|ah y fmq amehmq ilme fh `iq`h}sc Bhe ]sijhrc y Qmeadh y fm qsc|rc }sc ehqhr|hq rceàm`hq cq }sc eh dmlàm`hfiehq `mfhq& }sc qi fhq dslicqc eh ceaher|m|àm`hq wicbmb ce fhq `hfiec|hq$ fhq iebihq) bcf Admah& wh|}sc ehq bcjm|àme cqr|cffm|ehq wm|m fsckh ah`c|ehqmqmbhq ce rmjmbmq y dmac| bc escqr|mq amfmvc|mq rmzmq wm|m lclc| qckúe cf sqh 

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi <= 

m`c|iameh $<<)%

M fmq bhq bc fm rm|bc wm|caàm }sc ym bclc|àm`hq cqrm| ce cf wscqrh bc @mb|ikmf&fskm| bhebc bclc|àm dmlc| kcerc mksm|bíebhehq& y bc `icbh bc wmqm| bc seohebh& wh|}sc mffà bclàm`hq bcqc`lm|am| m fhq r|cq qcýh|cq }sc rceàm`hq mlh|bh% Cf rc||ceh m}sà c|m lmjh h wch| bcai| lmýmbhq& bc `hbh }sc eh qc whbàmmebm| qie ceomekm|qc y c|m ieúrif wceqm| ce cevim| mfkseh bc fhq escqr|hq celsqam bc fhq bc`íq mf wscqrh% Bhe _iarh|ieh bijh% ‑ ¸Añ`h dm|c`hq wm|mdmac|ehq ehrm|8-% ‑Wscq mdh|m fh vc|í-& bijc yh% Am|ksé sem am|hembm& rm`liéefc wsqc semq wicb|mq wm|m ri|m| m sem qcýmf y w|hlm|`c }sc rmf m|riffc|h c|m yh yah`h cf |sibh c|m |cksfm| wm|m }sc hycqce fhq }sc ehq mksm|bmlme% Fmq wicb|mq

}sc wsqc ce fm am|hembm fmq r|màm`hq m lh|bh bcqbc Qmebsm& wh|}sc ce bhebccqrílm`hq eh dmlàm ei sem& qieh m|cem y omekh%

Am|kmbm }sc osc rh`é wserc|àm m se hljcrh y ahe se ri|ñe bijc m se wcñe }scbicqc osckh& wc|h cqrc rsvh `icbh& wcbà m hr|h }sc bc osckh y rm`liée rsvh`icbh& mqà seh m seh fcq bijc m rhbhq dmqrm m A|cai| y eieksem }siqh mac|am|qc&cerheacq diac osckh yh y bi ce cf lfmeah%

Amýhecq rceàm`hq wc|h eh m|riffc|hq%

@mq rm|bc qc dizh hr|h ri|h y wmqñ fh `iq`h& eh vcàm`hq m embic% Cevim`hq semamehirm ahe A|cai| y bhq wchecq dmqrm fm Jserm wm|m }sc bc mffí oscqce fhq bhqwchecq mf wscqrh bc @mb|ikmf y mviqm| }sc ym dmlàm`hq emvckmbh `mq bc fhqcýmfmbh y }sc rceàm`hq `icbh bc wmqm| `mq mlmjh%

Bc ehadc ym vhfviñ fm amehm y ehq `mebm|he m bcai| }sc emvckíqc`hq `mq qiebcqaheoimezm mfksem }sc ahe w|caiqiñe dml|àm`hq bc wmqm| wh| bhebc cqrmlme&}sc dmlàme hàbh fhq amýhemzhq wc|h eh wsbic|he vcei| wh| fhq lmýmbhq%

$<<) Fhq ahe}siqrmbh|cq y fhq `iqihec|hq eh dme wceqmbh jm`íq ce dmac| sem bcqa|iwaiñevc|bmbc|m bc fmq bioc|cercq emaihecq iebimemq& qieh qhfm`cerc ce |cmfzm| qsq w|hczmq y ctmkc|m|qsq r|mlmjhq% Cq ahe cqrm `i|m }sc cffhq dme ms`cermbh ieoieirm`cerc cf eú`c|h bc fhq iebihq yfmq emaihecq y }sc dme dcadh mer|hwñomkmq m mfksemq> cffhq fh dmaàme qie |mzñe& wh|}sc dhy bàmeieksem bc cqrmq emaihecq ah`h am|ec ds`mem y eh |casc|bme dmlc|fm ah`ibh% Oéfit bc Mzm|m%

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<<  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

Cf bàm =4 wh| fm `mýmem ehq wsqi`hq m am`iem| y m wham biqrmeaim ceaher|m`hqm @mb|ikmf m amlmffh& mbvi|ricebh }sc cf |àh dmlàm |hrh m fm bc|cadm y wh| mffà qc

ilm fm `myh| wm|rc bcf mksm% @mebé ahe sem amehirm m |cahehac| cf amsac vicjh yrceàm whah mksm y `sy bcqwm||m`mbm% @mb|ikmf rm`liée ehq bijh }scqhfm`cerc wh| m}scf amemfirh whbàm`hq wmqm| ah`h cocarivm`cerc wmqm`hq yrc`w|meh ffckm`hq mf wscqrh% M}sà dmlàm sem lm||me}sirm bc rc||ceh oi|`c mffmbh bcf wscqrh ‖h mf 47‐% Wserh úeiah }sc m `à `c wm|caiñ lsceh wm|m oijm| secqrmlfcai icerh wh|}sc cq ce rc||ceh oi|`c y cf |àh bcqbc cf @hq}sirmf m fm Wmfamcq ieemvckmlfc y bcqbc fm Wmfam dmqrm m}sà& mse}sc eh dmy wicb|mq eh cq embmlsceh y eh qc mbcfmerm|àm embm ahe i| dmqrm fm Wmfam& wh|}sc mffí cf rc||ceh eh cqoi|`c y cf am`ieh wm|m i| m Qmfrm cq `cjh| bcf fmbh bcf Qs| bcf |àh Jsjsy }sc cf bcfEh|rc& wh|}sc cq ieañ`hbh wh| fhq `sadhq |imadhq }sc dmy% _émqc cf wfmeh%

@mb|ikmf cq bc fhq qmfrcýhq& cf `mq ac|ameh m fhq iebihq& ‖dh cer|c ehq `iq`h‐& ceqs amqm rceàm qic`w|c bivc|qhq `mrmksmyhq y `mrmahq ahe qsq adiemq% Ehqhr|hqecacqirílm`hq bc se ieré|w|crc wh| fh `cehq @mrmah& wc|h eiekseh bc fhqiebihq }sc dmlàm ce fm amqm bc @mb|ikmf }sc|àm vcei|& m wcqm| }sc BheMerheieh }sc c|m cf Ah`mebmerc bc fm O|herc|m bc Qmfrm bc m}scffm wm|rc& }sc fmffm`me bcf \àh bcf _mffc& fcq dslic|m |hkmbh% Bcaàme cffhq }sc fhq iebihq bc `íqmlmjh& cqrh qhe fhq rhlmq& fcq dmlàme bc `mrm|% _iqrh @mb|ikmf }sc ehceaher|ílm`hq eiekúe ierc|w|crc& ehq bijh }sc éf rceim se dijirh }sc qc dmlàm

a|imbh cer|c fhq `mrmksmyhq }sc rceàm ce qs amqm y }sc dmlfmlm fm fceksm bc fhqiebihq `mrmahq y `mrmksmyhq $}sc cq sem `iq`m)& wc|h }sc cf `sadmadh c|m bcah|rm cbmb% Ehqhr|hq ah`liem`hq ce ffcvm| mf `sadmadirh ‖`mq lice }sc embm‐ yQh|im dizh se aher|mrh ahe @mb|ikmf& wm|m wmkm|fc m éf qciq wcqhq `ceqsmfcq wh|qs dijh dmqrm bcvhfvé|qcfh% Dml|í rceibh cf `sadmadh sehq  mýhq bc cbmb& bcemrs|mfczm amffmbm ah`h fhq iebihq& y c|m iebih ecrh éf rm`liée wc|h bc fhqa|iqrimehq bc Qmfrm% Ahe cqrc ieré|w|crc dmlàm whah }sc aherm|%

$Se iebih vicec bc ieré|w|crc wh| fm wmwcfcrm ce am`lih bc bhq ycksmq)

_ieh se wcñe m mviqm| m bhe Merheieh }sc Jsme& iebih `mrmksmyh }sc dmlfmlmcf cqwmýhf vceb|àm bc ierc|w|crc ahe rmf }sc qc fc bicqc sem wmwcfcrm wm|m }sc cfqm|kcerh E% fc cer|ckm|m fmq bhq ycksmq }sc éf rh`h bc fhq rhlmq%

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi <1 

Bhe Merheieh fh dizh ffm`m| mf `h`cerh y fc bijh ‑ íebmrc wscq dh`l|c $<1) -}sc asmebh vscfvmq rc bm|é fm wmwcfcrm wm|m }sc cf qm|kcerh rc cer|cksc bhq

ycksmq y rc |ckmfm|é yh se wieadh bc lmycrm ahfh|mbm $<2)& mk|ckñ Qh|im }sc fcwmkm|àm qciq wcqhq `ceqsmfcq% Ahercqrñ cf iebih ‑ Cqrm lice qcýh|%

_cme fm ieocfiaibmb h fm qi`wfczm bc fhq iebihq& cqrc whl|c qmfiñ ahe fhq qmfrcýhqm wcfcm| aher|m fhq rhlmq }sc }sc|àme |hlm| fmq cqrmeaimq o|herc|izmq y ce fm wcfcm

 Jsme `mrñ bhq rhlmq `hermbhq ce ycksmq& amwrs|íebhfmq% Bcqwséq cf qm|kcerhfmq cer|cvc|ñ ahe qsq mei`mfcq y eh }siqh cer|ckí|qcfmq m Jsme wm|m }scbm|qcahe cffmq y Jsme ahe rmf }sc cf Ah`mebmerc fc bc sem wmwcfcrm wm|m ahl|m| qsqycksmq vieh cf whl|c m ce|hfm|qc cf rm`liée%

$Ehrm) Fhq iebihq qc mb`i|me `sadh bc fmq ñ|bcecq }sc fhq a|iqrimehq bme wh|cqa|irh y fmq mw|caime `sadh%

Bhe _iarh|ieh vhfviñ m ieqrm| m Qh|im wm|m `sbm| h }sirm| m}scffmq wmfml|mq bcfm ctwcbiaiñe w|hrckibm wh| rhbmq fmq W|hvieaimq Seibmq bcf \àh bc fm Wfmrm&biaiéebhfc: -Bhe Wmlfh rhbmvàm cqrm`hq m ric`wh wc|h Qh|im eh fh aheqieriñ& m fmascerm }sc|àm }sc qc bcafm|m|m sem ksc||m wh| qs wc|qhem y mqà qc| |ceh`l|mbhce cf `sebh% Bhe _iarh|ieh fc bijh ‑ wh| fh `cehq ffcvc se wfickh bc cqrc

khlic|eh }sc yh fc dmkh sem |cah`cebmaiñe wm|m cf Wm|mksmy% Eh fh }siqhrm`whah%

A|scfbmb bc Qh|im

Cf bàm =9 ym ehq w|cwm|ílm`hq wm|m bm| cf mbiñq m rhbhq% Bhe _iarh|ieh bijh mbhe Wmlfh& mdà vm Bhe Eiahfíq `sy ceoc|`h y eh ffcvm sqrcb ei se whffh wm|mdmac|fc amfbh% ¸Wh| }sé eh `mebm m ah`w|m| sehq whffhq y kmffiemq8 Yh hà cqrmqctw|cqihecq y qcerà }sc }scbmlm `sy mk|mbcaibh m Bhe _iarh|ieh& wc|h éf

ikeh|mlm fm wc|qcasaiñe }sc Qh|im `c dmaàm% Qc mac|añ Qh|im m `à y `c bijh: -Sqrcb Bhe Eiahfíq  }sic|c  sqrcb  }sc  qc   ah`w|ce  whffhq  wm|m dmac|fc  amfbh 8

@c dizh qsli| fm qmek|c y `cbih mfhambh fc ahercqré ahe `sadm |mlim: -¸qmlcsqrcb fh }sc }sic|h8 ]sic|h }sc ehq vmym`hq bc sem vcz `mq mlmjh& wh|}sc qiyh dc bc `h|i| fh `iq`h `c bm amfbh bc adm|}sc }sc amfbh bc whffh%

$<1) ‖Íebmrc wscq dh`l|c‐& Mebm dh`l|c& mah`wmým m fm ctwcbiaiñe qie w|hlfc`mq }sc m rs

|ck|cqh 

$<2) Qc r|mrmlm bc sem rcfm `sy mw|caimbm cer|c fmq ah`seibmbcq iebàkcemq 

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  <2  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

 Jm`íq dc hfvibmbh cqrmq ctw|cqihecq& eh a|ch fmq dml|íe hfvibmbh fhq hr|hq r|cq¸C|m sem w|ckserm wm|m dmac|`c8 Fhq whffhq vmfàme `cbih |cmf ambm seh y eh

c|m w|caiqh bcjm| bc ah`c|fhq qhfh c|m wm|m dmac| amfbh m se ceoc|`h% Bhe_iarh|ieh }scbñ mqh`l|mbàqi`h bc cqrh y fh `iq`h fhq hr|hq bhq qcýh|cq ahefhq bc`íq ai|aseqrmercq& wscq }sc osc|he fmq úfri`mq y ehq bcqwcbi`hq bcrhbhq y ehq fm|km`hq ym m escqr|h mvcers|mbh vimjc ahe vcieribñq wc|qhemqcer|c lscehq y `mfhq%

$Qmfibm mf Admah)

Am`iem`hq ahe cf |àh |cksfm|& lsceh& dmqrm fmq heac bc fm `mýmem }sc diac

m`m||m| cf ls}sc m fm lm||meam wh| ah`cezm|`c m bm| adsadhq bc o|àh aherc`lfh|cq y ceqcksibm fm oicl|c rme osc|rc }sc `c dmaim bcqvm|im| rhbh cf bàm%Rmf c|m fm osc|zm }sc `c qmasbàm y `c bs|mlm dmqrm fm `cbim ehadc wmqmbm%

$Qh|im `ébiah wh| `mrm|`c)

Cf bàm <7 Qh|im qc |cqhfviñ bm|`c se vh`irivh bc rí|rm|h c`ériah% Yh `c |cqhfvàm rh`m|fh y wh| cqm |mzñe eh am`iem`hq embm cqc bàm% A|cai| ahe fhq wchecq qcwsqic|he m dmac| r|cq |c`hq bc qmsac wm|m cf lm|ah%

Ceai`m bcf vh`irivh rh`é se whah bc amfbh bc `hrc $<2) & wh|}sc cf bc adm|}scfh mlh||caàm ce ctr|c`h y cq `sy aífibh% Fm oicl|c cqrc bàm `c bih `sadh `mqosc|rc%

Mf m`mecac| bcf <= acqñ se whah fm oicl|c& Qh|im `c |cacrñ hr|h vh`irivh& m fmascerm }sc|àm bm| oie ahe`ikh% Yh bcqcqwc|mbh bcqcmebh ah|rm| cf difh bc `ivibm mercq bc qcksi| wmbcaicebh& rh`é hr|h vh`irivh y eh qswc añ`h wmqém}scf bàm%

M`mecaiñ cf bàm << y mercq bc rh`m| mse}sc qcm se k|meh bc `mrc& rh`é hr|hvh`irivh& ah`h yh whbàm ym qc wscbce i`mkiem|%

$<2) @hrc& qc r|mrm bc `màz wcfmbh% 

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi <3 

$@c w|cwm|h m `h|i|)

Cf bàm <1 A|cai| qc wsqh m am`iem| y Qh|im ilm fcvmermebh cf Wfmeh h `m|ambh cfas|qh bcf |àh& ym bc `à eh qc cqwc|mlm embm& qmfvh }sc ctwi|mqc% Yh ce `iah|mzñe `c ceah`cebmlm m Bihq& eh rceàm hr|h |cas|qh% Rceàm w|cqcerc rhbhq`iq bcqvm|àhq y fhq sfr|mjcq }sc ce ah`wmýàm bc fhq i`wàhq diac mf qcýh|%

M}sà ce cqrc cqrmbh wcbàm m Qme Jhqé }sc oscqc `i wmb|ieh y fc bijc ahe rhbh `iah|mzñe }sc qi yh whbàm qc| úrif rhbmvàm m `i w|ñji`h& `c aheqc|vm|m `i vibm ymfivimqc `i `mf& wc|h qi yh dslicqc bc qc| wc|jsbiaimf mf w|ñji`h ce fh }sc |cqrmbc `i vibm& mdh|m `c diaicqc ctwi|m| y w|cqceré `i mf`m mf qcýh| wibiéebhfc

wc|bñe wh| fmq hoceqmq }sc hamqiheé cra%

Fh|cezh Qmfksc|h dizh amoé wm|m Qh|im y A|cai|& y bc éqrc r|mjh se whah wm|m `àrm`liée y fh rh`é% @mq rm|bc `c qcerà se whah `mq mfivimbh y wcbà m Qmfksc|h`c diaicqc ré& `c fh dizh y fh rh`é ahe mfksemq |hq}scrmq }sc m fhq r|cq qcýh|cqehq dmlàme bcjmbh jserm`cerc ahe cf ré y cf amoé%

$@c qicerh mfkh mfivimbh)

M fmq =< rhbmvàm eh `c dmlàm bmbh eieksem qcýmf bc adsadh qieriéebh`c mfkh`cjh|& rh`é cerheacq hr|h whah bc ré ahe mfksemq |hq}scrmq% M fm sem `c bihoicl|c eh rme osc|rc y qie adsadhq bc o|àh& mercq bc fm ehadc vhfviñ fm osc|zm bc fmoicl|c% A|cai| `mebñ m`m||m| mf lm|ah%

Qh|im }siqh dmlfm| ahe`ikh bcf |àh wc|h yh bcqvm|imlm `sadh y ce cqhqbcqvm|àhq `c cehjmlm `sadh ahe Qmfksc|h wh| qs wc|czm%

Cf bàm <2 m`mecaà mfkh `cjh|% Qh|im `c `hqr|ñ cf wmwcf ce bhebc dmlàm `m|ambhcf as|qh bcf |àh |cah||ibh myc|% _i }sc cf |àh vceàm lice& rhbh cer|c m|cem & fc bijcm Qh|im }sc qikm mqà }sc qi yh `cjh|h se whah& ah||cki|é cf wfmeh& }sc w|has|cmwserm| ambm vscfrm bcf |àh cf $ %) ohebh y fm amfibmb bc éf%

Bcqm`m||m|he cf lm|ah y A|cai| qcksàm ahe fm emvckmaiñe% Qh|im `m|amlm cfas|qh bcf |àh y cf lm|ah ilm `sy lice& cer|c fm m|cem y `sy `meqh& m fm ehadcm`m||m|he cf lm|ah% Yh `c qcerà `sy mfivimbh bc fm oicl|c& cqrc bàm eh `c bihrme osc|rc& `i mfi`cerh c|m rc h amoé ahe |hq}scrmq%

Cf bàm <3 rh`é hr|m ws|km ahe jmfmwm% A|cai| y Qh|im qiksic|he emvckmebh ah`h

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<?  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

fhq hr|hq bàmq% M fmq asmr|h bc fm rm|bc ffckm|he m se wmqmjc }sc cf |àh dmlàm |hrhcer|c se qmszmf y wh| mffà& m r|mvéq bc se amemfirh qc ilm rhbm cf mksm bcf |àh&

bcjmebh rhrmf`cerc qs amsac lmjh% Qh|im biac ce qs fil|iffh m ohjmq =<& ah`h fm`irmb bcf mksm& eh qc masc|bm }sc fm amehirm }sc cevié wh| cf amsac lmjh ehceaher|ñ mksm wm|m wmqm| y qc dm vscfrh% Cf mksm m fm c`lhambs|m bc cqrcamemfirh cer|mlm m `hbh bc se osc|rc adiofñe y cer|c fhq qmsacq }sc dmlàmbc||s`lmbhq dmaàm se osc|rc |sibh%

Mf `h`cerh ce }sc A|cai| hyñ cf |sibh `mebñ bm| ohebh ahe cf meafm y eh qcmr|cvic|he m wmqm|% Yh cqrmlm ahe oicl|c& wc|h cqrc bàm `c dmlàm bmbh `íqfivimeh }sc bàm mfkseh& `c ffm`m|he m }sc oscqc m vc| wh| ceai`m bc fm aslic|rm%

Mf vc|`c Qh|im `c w|ckserñ qi `c mei`mlm m wmqm|& fc bijc }sc eh& wc|h }sc qi`mýmem `c ceaher|mlm se whah mfivimbh fh w|has|m|àm& mqà osc ah`h }scbm`hqm wmqm| fm ehadc m}sà%

$@hbh bc rh`m| fm }sieiem)

Cf bàm <? wh| fm `mýmem rh`é ah`h sem hezm bc }sieiem ce whfvh& ce mk|ih bcfi`ñe y ahe mksm|bicerc osc|rc& cqrm rh`m cq sem ‖y cf qswc|ih|‐& mf whah |mrh `cdmffé lh||madh y rh`é ré%

$Am`ieh wh| bclmjh bcf wscerc bc Qmsac)

M fmq 9 bc fm `mýmem `mebé m`m||m| se amlfc m se qmsac se whah `mq m||ilm bcfm c`lhambs|m bcf escvh amemfirh& wm|m whbc| ceoifm| bc m whah& y ehce|cbm|ehq ahe fhq qmsacq& `mebé cfcvm| cf meafm y ehq ceoifm`hq wh| cf adiofñey ce `sy l|cvc ehq vi`hq fil|cq bcf adiofñe y bc fhq qmsacq%

Cf amemfirh c|m `sy w|hosebh y bc se meadh ah`h bc =< dmqrm <7 vm|mq% Fhqqmsacq bc cqrc qmszmf c|me kcec|mf`cerc bc se r|heah bc semq ? m hadhwsfkmbmq bc bií`cr|h& fhq }sc qc ceaher|mlme amàbhq bc fm bc|cadm |cwhqmlmewh| fm |m`mq y wserm ce fm lm||meam bc fm iz}sic|bm& y fhq amàbhq bc fm iz}sic|bm|cwhqmlme ce fm lm||meam bc fm bc|cadm& bc `mec|m }sc oh|`mlme se wscercamqi aheriesh% Fmq lm||meamq rceàme bc mfrs|m ah`h bhq m bhq y `cbim vm|mq yahe cf lm|ah wmqílm`hq wh| bclmjh bc fhq qmsacq% Ce wm|rc mfksem |m`m ehqcqrh|lmlm y fm ah|rílm`hq ahe dmadmq& mqà emvckm`hq ah`h bhq `iffmq dmqrmceaher|m| escvm`cerc cf amsac vicjh bcf |àh& mbvi|ricebh }sc ce éf ah||àm rmermmksm ah`h wm|m |ckm| sem adma|m% Qh|im bijh }sc am`iem`hq ah`h `cbim `iffm

wc|h cqrm `sy c}sivhambh& wc|h ah`h Qh|im eh qmlc asmerh cq sem `iffm& wscbc}sc dmym bmbh wh| bi`ceqiñe m fm `iffm cf bhlfc bc meadh bcf amemfirh& ce cqrc

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi <; 

amqh cf amemfirh eh cq `mq }sc `cbim `iffm% _émqc qs fil|iffh ohjmq =2%

$Bcf Rsfws)

Se whah `mq mlmjh wm|m`hq wm|m ahaiem| rsfwh& ahe adm|}sc y `hrc wm|mah`c|% Yh ah`àm qhfh fhq |hq}scrcq ahe ré y m Qh|im cf bimlfh qc fh ffcvmlm ambmvcz }sc `c vcàm r|mkm| se lhambh% Bcaàm m A|cai| }sc Bhe Merheieh& Qhfm yH|`mcadcm qc fmq dmlàme |ckmfmbh m éf& wc|h m `à whah `c i`wh|rmlme qsqdmlfmbs|àmq& fmq aheqibc|mlm fm ah`ibm `mq fivimem wm|m `à }sc cf rsfwh $}sc cqsem whfcerm bc dm|iem bc `màz% Asmebh fm dm|iem cq bc `màz rhqrmbh qc dmac cfrsfwh ahe mksm o|àm y asmebh cqrc úfri`h qc dmac `sy fi}sibh qc ffm`m asfwmbm&

wm|m cqrm ah`ibm qc ecacqirm fm bikcqriñe bc se ‖lhymksc‐ y eh bc se ceoc|`h)%

Cqrc bàm `c dme bmbh lmqrmerc ri|hecq y m fm ehadc se whah bc oicl|c& bc `mec|m}sc vm|iñ se whah fm ceoc|`cbmb& qcýmf bc qmem|% Wc|h eseam wsbc aheqcksi||cwhec| `i qmfsb wh|}sc rceàm }sc rh`m| qhf y bc asmebh ce asmebh qc|ceh&cra% Rm`whah cf mfi`cerh c|m lsceh bc `mec|m }sc bcqbc m}sà ce mbcfmerc `cbmlm fm oicl|c bc ehadc y bc bàm% @c bmlme sehq cqri|hecq eh`íq y mqà ffcvmlmsem a|sz ahribimem% Bc bàm r|mlmjmebh y bc ehadc ahe `i `mf%

Mercq bc ffckm| m fhq Hvc|hq ceaher|m`hq se |àh }sc bcqc`lhamlm ce cfLc|`cjh }sc wm|caàm |cksfm| k|mebc y eh qmlàm`hq }sc |àh whbàm qc|% Cf |àh bcf

_mffc qmlàm`hq }sc cqrmlm `mq mlmjh& jszkílm`hq m vcacq }sc oscqc mfkúel|mzh bcf `iq`h Lc|`cjh }sc `íq m||ilm qc dslicqc bivibibh y qc ehq dslicqc

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<4  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

wmqmbh qie vc|fh& wc|h cqrh bcjmlm `sadh }sc bsbm|% M }sc cq bhebc Qh|im biacqc| fm iqfm k|mebc ce qs fil|iffh m ohjmq 

$Bcf |àh Qslrc||íech)

Fh }sc m `à `c wm|cac `mq w|hlmlfc cq cqrh: Cf |àh K|mebc bc Jsjsy ceo|cerc mQilc|cm ricec `mq mksm }sc ce fm bcqc`lhambs|m& asmebh bclic|m rcec| `sadm`mq wh| fhq bioc|cercq |imadhq }sc bcqmksme ce éf& dc`hq ehrmbh }sc mfmac|am|qc m fm Jserm h Wmfam ilm mwhamebh cf mksm y jszkílm`hq cerheacq }scbclàm cf mksm oifr|m| cer|c fm m|cem y rcebc| qic`w|c m qs eivcf ce cf Lc|`cjh%

Yh rcekh `sy vivh ce `i `c`h|im }sc ce fm bcqc`lhambs|m bcf |àh K|mebc bc Jsjsy ce cf bc Rm|ijm eh dmy cf mksm }sc ricec cf |àh bc Qme Fh|cezh qhfm`cerc%Cf mksm omfrm bcqbc `sy ac|am bc fm Wmfam y mse}sc `mq m||ilm ricec whah ohebh&cf |àh cq `mq meadh }sc ce fm bcqc`lhambs|m%& cqrc a|irc|ih `mq }sc m embicbcjmlm m Qh|im ahe fm lham mlic|rm% Yh ehré }sc mf mac|am|qc m fm wserm& cf ohebhc|m bc m|cem lfmebm y qc ceomekmlm ce cffm ah`h qi dslic|m qibh omekh y wh| fhrmerh yh eh wscbh i`mkiem| m bñebc dmym ibh cf mksm bcf |àh k|mebc bc Jsjsy& qieh cq `mq mlmjh y qckúe `i a|irc|ih cf |àh }sc ceaher|m`hq& cq cf mksm bcf \àhK|mebc bc Jsjsy }sc qc oifr|mlm cer|c fm m|cem% Yh }siqic|m vc| cf rc||ceh wh| mffà

wm|m jszkm| oàqiam`cerc cqh% Fh aic|rh cq }sc cf mksm bcf \àh K|mebc ce mfksemwm|rc dm bc i|& wh|}sc ce fm Wmfam eh vicec qieh se wh}sirh%

$Bc fhq hvc|hq)

@mq mlmjh& ceaher|m`hq |cwceriem`cerc& mf bm| sem vscfrm ah`h bhqaicerhq hr|cqaicerhq iebihq bc rhbh qcth y cbmb& wcqamebh ce fm h|iffm bcf |àh% ]scbm|herhbhq cffhq qh|w|cebibhq y mqsqrmbhq% Ehqhr|hq bi`hq ohebh mf meafm wm|mdmlfm| ahe cffhq y |ckmfm|fhq& wc|h mf |sibh bc fm ambcem qc oskm|he rhbhq% Fhq

diai`hq ffm`m| ahe escqr|h ieré|w|crc wc|h eh ahercqrmlme% Whah bcqwséqvieic|he bhq& se iebih y sem adiem& rme vicjhq }sc fhq jszkm`hq bc =37 mýhqwm|m m||ilm% @m|admlme ahe qs lmqrñe& c|me ceah|vmbhq y rceàme cf cqwiemzhdcadh ah`h se m|ah% Eh qc vcàm ce cffhq `íq }sc bhq cq}scfcrhq aslic|rhq bcwcffcjh% Rceàme rhbhq qsq amlcffhq y qie sem amem% Qc ehq w|cqcerm|he rhrmf`cercbcqesbhq ahe fmq `mehq rmwmebh qsq vc|köcezmq y qie m|`mq& ce qcýmf bc wmz%Ehq bijc|he }sc cffhq vceàme ce eh`l|c bc fhq bc`íq m i`wfh|m| escqr|mm`iqrmb& }sc cffhq c|me fhq hvc|hq% Fcq |ckmfm`hq ahe se wm| bc amfzhecq m ambmseh y sem adm}scrm y se kh||h ahfh|mbh& se asadiffh y sem ‖ksmiam‐ bc vib|ih&$}sc rhbmq cqrmq ahqmq r|màm`hq ahe cf w|hwñqirh bc |ckmfm| m fhq iebihq y

k|mejcm|ehq qs m`iqrmb) y fcq biji`hq }sc é|m`hq m`ikhq y }sc ffm`ce m fhqbc`íq }sc }sc|àm`hq |ckmfm|fhq% Qc osc|he y `sy w|herh vhfvic|he ahe fhq

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi <9 

bc`íq% \ckmfm`hq m mfksehq eh m rhbhq& mf amai}sc ahe w|coc|ceaim }sc m fhqbc`íq& eiekseh bc cffhq rceàm m|`mq y rhbhq wiermbhq bc hvc|h y wh| cqrh cq

}sc fhq ffm`me hvc|hq% ]scbm|he rme ahercerhq }sc ehq |ckmfm|he se ah|bc|h`sy dc|`hqh y }sc|àme |ckmfm|ehq `íq wc|h eh fcq }siqi`hq mb`iri| wm|m }sceh wceqm|me }sc wh| ierc|éq fcq |ckmfílm`hq y qcksi`hq emvckmebh%

Cq w|caiqh qmlc| }sc yh eh rcekh w|cqcerc fhq bàmq oijhq ce }sc wmqm`hq wh| fhqwm|mjcq& }sc qic`w|c i|é mehrmebh wh|}sc qc `c osc bc fm `c`h|im y qhfm`cercahe `i Wfme Bim|ih }sc Qh|im osc m cer|ckm| m O|meaim& biarmbh| bcf Wm|mksmy&rceb|àm sem |cfmaiñe ctmarm% Rm`liée cq w|caiqh qmlc| }sc bc ehadc eham`ieílm`hq eseam%

Asmerh `mq emvckílm`hq dmaim mlmjh& ceaher|ílm`hq `sadhq iebihq wcqamebhbc m sem y hr|m wm|rc% Ym cffhq qmlàme }sc ehqhr|hq |ckfílm`hq m fhq iebihqwh|}sc fhq hvc|hq fcq dmlàme mviqmbh& y cffhq m fhq bc `mq mlmjh y mqà ah||iñ fmehriaim mviqíebhqc seh mf hr|h dmqrm mf oie bcf Admah% Cqrhq iebihq wcqambh|cqmwcemq ehq vcàme& mkm||mlme cf `cjh| wcqambh }sc rceàme y ahe éf ce fm `meh qcri|mlme mf mksm mf ric`wh }sc ehqhr|hq wmqílm`hq wh| o|cerc m cffhq y vceàmemfamezíebhehq cf wcqambh& fh rh`ílm`hq y fcq |ckmfílm`hq se asadiffh% Hr|hqceaher|ílm`hq ce fm h|iffm ahe ah|bc|hq mksm|bmebh }sc wmqí|m`hq wm|mdmac|ehq qsq w|cqcercq& m mfksehq qc fhq |cailàm`hq y mfksehq eh }sc|àm`hq

|caili| y fhq whl|cq ah||àme ahe qsq ah|bc|hq ce fm h|iffm bcf |àh qiksiéebhehqwm|m cer|ckm| qsq w|cqcercq& m vm|ihq fhq |ckmfílm`hq ahe asadiffhq qie |caili|embm%

$@hbh bc wcqam|)

Qs `hbh bc wcqam| cq bc cqrm qsc|rc% Wfmerme ce cf mksm m fm h|iffm bc fm wfmym hce fm lm||meam semq cqrm}sirmq oh|`mebh se qc`iaà|asfh bcjmebh cf fmbh bcmlmjh& cqrh cq mf fmbh hwscqrh m fm ah||icerc sem mlc|rs|m amwmz bc cer|m| sewcqambh% Cqrc qc`iaà|asfh rceb|í sem vm|m bc bií`cr|h asmebh `sadh& mffàbcer|h whece mfkh wm|m ah`c| wm|m fhq wcqambhq& asmebh cqríe mbcer|h aic||mefm wsc|rm y mkm||me cf wcqambh% Rm`liée mkm||me `sadhq ahe fmq ofcadmq% Cebhebc cf |àh dmac bcqwfmymbhq dmace hr|hq wcqambc|hq ahe cqrmamq& cqrhqrceb|íe ah`h }sieac h vcierc vm|mq bc fm|kh y qciq bc meadh& oh|`mebh seam|mahf& m `hbh bc sem vhfsrm% Fhq wcqambhq qc ier|hbsace ce cf am|mahf bc fmqcqrmamq y mffà fhq ceascer|me fhq iebihq& ce|cbmbhq& mr|mwíebhfhq%

Amqi rhbh cf |àh cqrm ffceh bc wcqambc|hq% Cf |àh cq `sy mlsebmerc bc wcqambhq

ctacfcercq& wm|riasfm|`cerc cf wmaú y cf bh|mbh& cra%

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17  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

$Bc fhq wihjhq)

Mfksehq bàmq dmaàm vicerh o|cqah bc `mec|m }sc mr|maílm`hq mf lh|bc bc fmlm||meam h ce fm wfmym y eh whbàm`hq am`iem|& y mqà ehq hlfikmlm m m`m||m|ehq%Cf vicerh qic`w|c qhwfm bcf Cqrc mf Qsbcqrc% Se bàm cqrmebh mqà m`m||mbhq& `cqm}sé fm am`iqm wm|m vc| qi fh }sc rceàm c|m ‖qifiaih‐ ñ }sc ahqm c|m& wscq eh c|mwham fm ah`czñe }sc `c bmlm& ceaher|mebh ce cffm& }siée fh a|cyc|m& sehqwihjhq rme k|mebcq y r|meqwm|cercq }sc wm|caàme serh qie qmf% Ffm`é m A|cai| yfc bijc& Bhe Fsamq& ‖k|i`mfbhq‐ rcec`hq qcýmf bc `sadm mlsebmeaim& -¸]sé cqcqh8& `c w|ckserñ éf% -\ckiqr|c qs am`iqm-& fc bijc yh& -ym fh vc|í% Yh `c wsqc maherm|fhq wm|m bivc|ri|`c& fh `iq`h dizh A|cai|& ffckmebh m 2; y rm`liée éf& }sc

cer|c |iqmq y |mlim bih ahe fm `iq`m ascerm%

Qh|im }sc ehq vcàm |cà| y |mlim| w|ckserñ }sc ehq has||àm% A|cai| fc ahercqrñ>- Bhe Wmlfh rcec`hq `sadhq wihjhq y biac Bhe Eiahfíq }sc cq qcýmf bc `sadmmlsebmeaim% Qh|im qc }sirñ fm am`iqm y qc fm cer|ckñ m Qmfksc|h wm|m }sc fcwmqm|m |cviqrm& cqrmlm ffcem y rme lfmeam ah`h fm amlczm bc Qh|im%

Escqr|h c}siwmjc w|hvceàm bc fm aí|acf bc Qmfrm& y bc mffí ehq dme r|màbh cqrmqc`iffm }sc qc `sfriwfiam wh| `if ce se l|cvc ric`wh% Wm|m escqr|hq wchecq c|m

sem `m`mbm ah`h qc fhq ah`àme y ahe }sé k|maim& wscq qc wheàme ah`h sembhacem ce fm wmf`m bc fm `meh y ahe fm wserm bc fm fceksm fhq ilme |cahkicebhseh m seh& wheiéebhfhq cer|c fhq bicercq dmaiéebhfhq |cvcerm| mffà& wm|mrh`m|fcq cf qmlh|& ahe rmerm k|maim }sc c|me amwmz bc dmac| fmezm| $<?) mf`iq`àqi`h bc`heih& yh eh whbàm bcjm| bc qso|i| mf vc|fhq ah`c| y fhq |crmlm%A|cai| `c bcaàm& -béjcfhq ah`c| Bhe Eiahfm& mqà qhe rhbm ‖fm wc|smem‐& }sc qcah`me fhq wihjhq cqrhq ahadiehq%

$Adieadàe mlh|bh)

Se bàm bc fm wm|rc bcf QH& se iebih bc m amlmffh ehq ffm`m& qc whec m bcqceqiffm|qs amlmffh y qhfríebhfh dizh se mrmbh ahe cf |cambh& ehq qcýmfñ }sc }sc|àm vcei|m lh|bh y fh |caili`hq%

$<?) Fmezm|& vh`irm| 

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 1= 

C|m jhvce y bc se rmffc dc|`hqh& escqr|hq ieré|w|crcq }sc ce cf dmlfm| wm|caàme`sbhq& mwcemq whbàm`hq cercebc|fc% Bcaàm }sc c|m dijh bc Adieadie y }sc cf

rm`liée qc ffm`mlm adieadàe& bc fhq iebihq Adhehwicq& y }sc @m|imeh y }scam|rmq& y eh cercebàm`hq `mq% Am`iem`hq dmqrm cf r|m`herm| bcf Qhf }scceaher|m`hq se bcqwfmymbh `sy meadh bc wham mksm y ohebh bc ric||m& m}sàehq }scbm`hq m wmqm| fm ehadc%

$@m|imeh r|mc am|rmq)

Whah bcqwséq bc hqas|cac| bcqbc ric||m ehq k|irm seh& - Lscemq ehadcq& lscemqehadcq& qcýh| Amwiríe y fm ah`wmýàm -% - Dhfm biji`hq& $}sc amqrcffmehq qhe

cqrhq)% Adieadie ehq bijh: - @m|imeh& am|rmq& wmwcfcrm% Fc bcvhfvi`hq ehqhr|hqrm`liée fmq lscemq ehadcq& y ehq bijh> - `mebce fm amehm ce ric||m }sc yh qhy@m|imeh y fc r|mikh am|rmq bc Bhe Merheih y bc Bhe _iarh|ieh -% Mf `h`cerh& fc`mebm`hq fm amehm wm|m r|mc|fh m lh|bh% Qc c`lm|añ ce fm amehm y mkm||ñ éf fmwmfm y ce se `h`cerh vieh m lh|bh ah`h cf `cjh| `m|ieh% R|màm bhq am|rmq& sembi|ikibm m Qh|im y hr|m m `à% Bhe Merheih cqa|ilàm m Qh|im y Bhe _iarh|ieh m `à%Biadmq am|rmq fmq ricec O|meaim ce cf Wm|mksmy% Yh `c masc|bh }sc Bhe_iarh|ieh `c wcbàm sem ahwim bc rhbh fh }sc dmlàm hlqc|vmbh dmqrm m}sà wc|hQh|im eh }siqh }sc fc `mebc ahwim bcf wfmeh y mqà `c |cbsjh m `mebm|fcqhfm`cerc cf |cqsfrmbh bc `iq hlqc|vmaihecq mqr|heñ`iamq& bc bioc|cercq

wserhq& y `i wm|cac| qhl|c cf |àh dmqrm cf bàm }sc fc cqa|ilà& }sc osc `mq mlmjh&ah`h qc vc|í ceqcksibm%

$Bc @m|imeh& bc Adieadie y bc fhq amai}scq)

_m`hq m @m|imeh% C|m cqrc iebih bc fhq Adhehwicq y amai}sc& h viac Amai}scwh|}sc cf Amai}sc fckiri`h c|m cf Adieadàe }sc rceàm`hq m lh|bh dijh bcfbioserh Adieadàe k|me amai}sc bc fhq Adieadiecq h Adhehwicq }sc rhbh cq seh%Cqrc bioserh Amai}sc ahe qsq wham kcerc qc dizh rc||ilfc m rhbhq fhq iebihq bcfAdmah& c dizh k|me m`iqrmb ahe Ah|ecjh& fhq dijhq bc fhq amai}scq qhe dc|cbc|hqbcf `mebh& y wh| aheqiksicerc cf jhvce Adieadàe }sc rceàm`hq m lh|bh c|m cfAmai}sc& wc|h @m|imeh wh| qc| iebih bc `mq ctwc|iceaim dml|í `mebmbh éf%

$Am`ieh bcqbc fm Cq}siem K|mebc mf Wm|mksmy wh| ric||m)

Ehq ahermlm @m|imeh }sc éf& mercq& asmebh fhq Rhlmq bc Qme Lc|em|bh yAmekmyc c|me `meqhq qc ilm wh| ric||m dmqrm mf Wm|mksmy m ffcvm| `sfmq m

vcebc|% Bclàm bc |hlm|fmq m fhq qmfrcýhq wh|}sc ei cffhq ei eieksehq bc fhqdmlirmercq bcf Admah ricece cqrmeaimq% Fc w|ckserc }sc am`ieh ffcvmlm wm|m i| mf

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Wm|mksmy& `c bcaàm }sc wh| fm h|iffm bcf Lc|`cjh dmqrm Ýc`lsah cf am`ieh cq`sy lsceh& y }sc m vcacq ilm bcqbc Amekmyc bc|cadh m Mqseaiñe wmqmebh cf

\àh Wifah`myh y }sc ce cqrhq vimjcq eh cadmlm `mq bc =7 m == bàmq& y qieam`iem| bc ehadc& y ycebh mf r|hrc% Ehq bcaàm rm`liée }sc cf ym dmlàm cqrmbh ceAh||icercq& Qmerm Oc& Lscehq Mi|cq& Wmrmkheim& Añ|bhlm& @cebhzm cra% Fc bcaàmyh bcqwséq bc dmlc| mebmbh rmerh ric`wh cer|c fhq A|iqrimehq añ`h c|m }sc qcvceim m vivi| mffà> bc fm cqri m }sc rcekh m `iq Wmiqmehq& `c |cqwhebàm%

Fc w|ckseré ah`h qc dmlàm viqrh ahe Bhe Merheieh `c bijh }sc fh dmlàmceaher|mbh ce fhq qic||mq bc Qmerm Lí|lm|m& y mffà dmlàme cqa|irh& y fh `mebm|hem éf wm|m }sc ehq mah`wmýmqc dmqrm cf aheoàe bc qs ric||m }sc cq dmqrm Wmfh

Qmerh y wm|m }sc ehq |cah`cebmqc m fhq Amai}scq bc `mq mlmjh %qsq m`ikhq& }scc|me bc fhq @mrmahq bc fm hr|m lmebm cqrh cq bcf EC% wh|}sc qcksibh m cffhq wh|cf QH qiksce fhq Hahfiq& y ahe cqrhq eh qhe m`ikhq%

Fc w|ckseré bhebc }scbmlm fm Cq}siem K|mebc& `c bijh }sc bmebh fm vscfrm mf|àh& mffà cqrmlm y }sc eh dmlàm asmr|h asmb|mq bc biqrmeaim& y }sc mffà rceàm qs|meadc|àm k|mebc& y ce cf Wmfh Qmerh rceàm hr|m `íq adiam& dmaicebh ksm|bim m fhqHahfiq& wm|m }sc eh vcekme m amzm| ce qs ric||m%

$Am`ieh bcqbc fm Cq}siem m Am`whqmerh)

Fc w|ckseré ce asmerhq bàmq ilm bcqbc mffà m Am`whqmerh `c bijh }sc ycebhbcqwmaih& r|cq bàmq& wc|h }sc ce bhq dmlàm ibh `sadmq vcacq& y }sc cf am`ieh c|m`sy lsceh%

Cf |àh bcqbc fm Wmfam dmqrm m}sà& cq se am|mahfch wh| rhbhq fmbhq& y ambm vscfrmcq `sy adi}sirm& bc `mec|m }sc& fmq vcfmq wm|m i| mksmq m||ilm qhe amqi ieúrifcq&mse}sc cf vicerh bm ce whwm o% 1?% Mf wmqm| cf mksm bm sem vscfrm m hr|m& qc

bcqwm||m`m y eh ricec `mq }sc bhq rc|aimq bc vm|m bc ohebh& cf rc||ceh cq `sylmjh y m|ceiqah& eh ricec lm||meamq qieh wfmymq& ambm a|caicerc h ambm mýh cf |àhqc `sbm y qc vm wh| bhebc qc fc merhjm% Fmq bhq `í|kcecq bcf |àh cqríe ffcemq bcamsacq vicjhq wh| fhq asmfcq wmqmlm cf |àh mercq y }sizí vhfvic|m m wmqm| wh|mfksehq bc cffhq asmebh qc fc merhjc% Fhq qmsacq y wíjm|hq lhlhq qhe fhq í|lhfcq}sc haswme cf rc||ceh ie`cbimrh mf |àh& ce fhq amsacq `mq vicjhq qhe fhq qmsacq`mq mfrhq }sc ce fhq amsacq }sc dmac `cehq ric`wh }sc fc wmqmlm cf |àh bc`mec|m }sc qc vc cer|c fhq í|lhfcq ah`h amffcjhecq }sc wm|cace dcadhq ahe m|rc%Y qhe viqrmq `sy dc|`hqmq% Asmebh cf |àh cqrí a|caibh dmy `sadhq bc cqrhqamsacq }sc cekmým|he m fhq }sc emvckm|he wh| mffà& y mf lmjm| cf |àh qc dmffm|he

ahe qsq lm|ah ahe rhbm omaifibmb biqrmercq bc cf bhq h r|cq fcksmq& lice bc sefmbh h lice bc cf hr|h bcf |àh%

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 11 

Rmfcq qhe fmq iesebmaihecq ce fmq a|caicercq& wh|}sc eh dmy rc||ceh }sc qsjcrc cfmksm wh| cqrmq iesebmaihecq }sc Qh|im ffm`ñ m cqrhq fskm|cq Escvh Ckiwrh& wc|h

qs eh`l|c vc|bmbc|h qc|àm cf bc _m|imlfc bc fm Ah`whqrs|m }sc ricec cf |àh% Eidmlfm| mf oie bcf |cahehai`icerh% Bcqbc fm Wmfam dmqrm m}sà dml|c`hq vm|mbhsemq 177 vcacq%

M fm `mýmem ehq wsqi`hq m am`iem| y vm|m`hq& ce se ohebh bc ric||m& diac i|rhbhq fhq wchecq mf mksm wm|m }sc qc mfivimqc cf Lm|ah y fh c`wsjmqce dmqrmwmqm| m}scf whah ohebh }sc c|m `sy l|cvc fm biqrmeaim wm|m ffckm| m fmw|hosebibmb& wc|h fhq wchecq eh fh whbàme `hvc|& asmebh }sc ce hr|mq wm|rcq}sc vm|ílm`hq& cer|c fm ah||icerc }sc ah`àm fm m|cem bc bclmjh mf lm|ah y fh }sc

fh wchecq c`wsjmlme wmqílm`hq `sy w|herh m fm dhebs|m% Yh m}sà `mebc mfwcñe Fcmeb|h }sc a|szm|m rhbh cf |àh m wié ah`h qhfàm dmac|fh ce `sadmq wm|rcqasmebh vm|ílm`hq y ahehac| mqà lice fm dhebs|m bcf |àh m}sà y ce fh `mq dhebhfc ffckmlm cf mksm m fm |hbiffm mwcemq% W|ckserc m @m|imeh qi rhbmvàm dmlàm bcwmqm| `mq& `c |cqwhebiñ }sc ce cf `cq bc Mkhqrh& Qcwric`l|c y Harsl|cwmqmebh cf |àh mffà cf mksm fc ffckmlm& qckúe qcýmfh& se whah `mq ‖m||ilm cf $%%%)‐ bcf wié h ah`h sem asm|rm bc vm|m cqamqm> fc w|ckseré& qi wh| mffà qc rh|emlmdhebh cf |àh ce hr|mq wm|rcq& `c bijh }sc eh% Fsckh& m}sà cq `sy oíaif ah`whec|cf |àh wm|m bm|fc sem dhebs|m% Diac ffcvm| mf dh`l|h sem meafm wh| fm w|hm wc|hse whah `mq m fm bc|cadm eh oscqc ahqm }sc cf Lm|ah‐ ycqc ce qi`m bc mffm‐ diac

whec| se mwm|cjh wh| fm w|hm bcf lm|ah mf meafm y fhq wchecq bc mbcer|h bcfmksm ri|mlme cf lm|ah& dmqrm }sc m fmq =7 bc fm `mýmem cqrsvi`hq fil|cq ym ce fmdhebs|m& y fmq =7 =(2 cqrsvi`hq ceo|cerc bc fm |meadc|àm bc @m|imeh ce bhebcceaher|m`hq fm iebimbm ah`wscqrm dh`l|cq y `sjc|cq% Fhq |ckmfm`hq% M fmq =<hlqc|vm`hq fm fmrirsb bc <1 =< Q y qcksi`hq emvckmebh qic`w|c ahe @m|imeh mlh|bh y Adieadàe%

$Fhq bc Bh`ieksirh)

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mamqh% C|m ac|am ym bc fmq =< y hlqc|vm`hq fm fmrirsb <1 H 11 Q $@icer|mq yhhlqc|vmlm fm fmrirsb se iebih ahevibñ m A|cai| m i| dmqrm fm |meadc|àm }sc cqrmlm

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ac|am& y }sc mffà fc bm|àm sem adieirm wm|m biqo|srm| bc cffm& cqrh c|m wm|mmr|mwm|fh ce |crh|eh bc Bh`ieksirh& A|cai| fc bih fmq k|maimq y eh mb`iriñ cf

ahevirc) y qcksi`hq am`iemebh mah`wmýmbhq wh| ric||m bc fm wm|rc bcf QH& h mfm bc|cadm wh| @m|imeh y qs kcerc m|`mbhq& y fhq bc Bh`ieksirh }sc qhfhmksm|bmlme se bcqasibh bc ehqhr|hq wm|m `mrm| m seh bc escqr|hq hoiaimfcq&`icer|mq cffhq qc oiekàme `sy m`ikhq& y ahe qs qi`wfiaibmb qhe amwmacq bccekmým| m asmf}sic|m }sc eh oscqce mviqmbhq% Rmf cq fm omaifibmb bc oieki| bcrhbhq fhq iebihq% M @m|imeh fc r|mjc|he qs fmezm fm asmf rceim qie whebc|maiñemfksem bhq asm|rhq bc vm|m bc fm|kh fm wserm y ? wsfkmbm bc meadh bc se oic||h`sy wsfibh ahe sem k|mebc mqrm bc `hbh }sc qcýh|cmlm qhl|c rhbmq fmq bc `mqfmezmq& fc qhfàm bcai| yh asibmbh @m|imeh bc eh wcfcm| ahe fhq bc fmezm adi}sirm&wh|}sé cffhq rc `mrm|me& y rs eh whb|íq `hvc| fm k|mebc% Cf `c bcaàm& - cq }sc fc

ricece `icbh m `i fmezm-%

$@mrmahq)

Fhq iebihq bc fm hr|m wm|rc cqrh cq bc fm iz}sic|bm h bcf EC& }sc qhe qic`w|c fhq@mrmahq ehq mksm|bmlme ce vm|ihq wm|mjcq ahe hvcjmq y wcqambhq& y fhq whl|cqqc w|caiwirmlme ce cf mksm wm|m r|mc|ehq qsq w|cqcercq& |hkíebhehq |caili|fhq ybiaiéebhehq }sc cffhq c|me vc|bmbc|hq m`ikhq& wscq }sc cffhq qc ehqw|cqcermlme ah`h qsq `mb|cq fhq wm|iñ& y eh ah`h fhq bc fm hr|m lmebm

m|`mbhq y }sc ehq asibíqc`hq bc cffhq% _c|bmbc|m`cerc qc ehq w|cqcermlmebcqesbhq ce qcýmf bc wmz%

$@sbmezm bcf |àh)

Rhbmq fmq ehadcq vceim @m|imeh m lh|bh y ce sem bc cffmq fc w|ckserm`hq qi ehdmlàm`hq ffckmbh rhbmvàm mf wm|mjc }sc ffm`me Qmerm \hqm $Qmerm \hqm cq cfeh`l|c bc fskm| qi $%%%) `c dc hfvibmbh cf eh`l|c bc fm Qmerm) ehq bijh }sccqrílm`hq ceo|cerc y biqrmerc semq 3 fcksmq& y fc w|ckserm`hq qi ym eh wmqm`mq cf |àh wh| Qmerm \hqm& eh qcýh|& |cqwhebiñ& mercq wmqmlm mffí y rhbmvàmctiqrc cf amsac vicjh bcf |àh wc|h mdh|m wmqm biqrmerc 3 fcksmq% Bm cqrh qc wscbcieoc|i| ah`h y ahe }sé omaifibmb qc wmqm cf mksm bcf Lc|`cjh wh| cqrhq am`whqm|ceiqahq%

Oiemf`cerc ffckm`hq mf wm|mjc }sc ffm`me Wmfh Qmerh% M}sà ceaher|m`hq m fmkcerc bc @m|imeh& fhq ksm|bimecq bcf rc||ceh% Fhq bc Bh`ieksirh ym qc dmlàmeibh& y @m|imeh ceviñ m ffm`m| m seh bc qsq m`ikhq bc fm hr|m lmebm cqrh cq bcfhq @mrmahq& wm|m }sc ehq mah`wmýmqc dmqrm cf aheoàe bc qsq ric||mq& y

|cah`cebm|ehq m qsq m`ikhq bc `íq mlmjh% Cer|c rmerh mksm|bílm`hq m cqrc&Qh|im ahercqrñ m fm Am|rm bc Bhe Merheieh y yh m Qhfm& ceviíebhfc fmq fmrirsbcq

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 13 

bc fmq bioc|cercq hlqc|vmaihecq dcadmq ce cf @hq}sirmf fh `iq`h bc fm fhekirsby vm|imaiñe bcf ah`wíq% Rm`liée fc dc cevimbh fmq bcf \àh Eck|h h Qilc|cm ahe

rhbh fh bc`íq dmqrm m}sà% Eh fc cevié sem ahwim bc wfmeh dmqrm m}sà wh| }scQh|im eh `c fh dm wc|`iribh ffckñ cf m`ikh bc @m|imeh y qc c`lm|añ% @m|imehehq bijh }sc bc fhq Hahfiq eh ehq oiíqc`hq& y }sc asmebh qsq m`ikhq ehqbcjmqce rsviéqc`hq asibmbh ahe fhq w|i`c|hq iebihq bc fm iz}sic|bm }sc ehq}sc|àme `mrm|% ]sc qc|àm qcýmf oijm bc biadm marirsb m}scffm bc w|hwhec|ehqvmamq wm|m am|ecm| wscq rceàme bhq% Cqrhq qc ffm`me fhq Mrmfíq ‖$Mfmq

 w|heseaimbh ah`h fhq iebihq cq $%%%) wh|}sc $%%%) bc cffhq cq kmekhqm y bc bcf %%%)‐ y }sc`mq mlmjh ceaher|m|c`hq m fhq rhlmq y }sc w|has|íqc`hq dmlfm| ahe fhqamai}scq Mksqràe y Qmerimkh& }sc c|me qsq m`ikhq ce hr|h ric`wh y }sc cqrhqqhe lscehq% Y qc bcqwibiñ y qc osc wh| Am`whqmerh m ffcvm| fmq am|rmq m Bhe

Merheieh%

Cqrc @m|imeh dslic|m vceibh ahe ehqhr|hq& y ehq dslicqc qibh `sy úrif wh|}scc|m `m|ieh y lsceh& wc|h rceim `icbh m fhq rhlmq bc `mq mlmjh bc Amekmyc }scbcaàm c|me `sy `mfhq%

$Bc fhq Hahfiq)

M fhq whahq bàmq ffckm`hq m fhq Hahfiq& y m}sà osc bhebc w|i`c|h vi& bcqbc cfwscqrh bc @mb|ikmf& fm `m|kce bcf |àh ahe rc||ceh oi|`c bc fm wm|rc bcf QH%_ceim yh ym rme mls||ibh wh| `i ceoc|`cbmb }sc eh qc wscbc seh oiks|m| fhbélif& ofmah y ameqmbh }sc `c ceaher|mlm& y ei `sadh `mq `c aheqhfmlm& ymls||àme fmq `sadmq vm|mbs|mq }sc rh`ílm`hq& h wh| omfrm|`c m `i fm viqrm mvcacq mf khlic|eh bcf Lm|ah h wh| omfrm| cf mksm amqi ce rhbmq fmq vscfrirmq }sc bmcf |àh% Ce cqrc fskm| rceàme fhq Hahfiq qirsmbm qs rhfbc|àm y qc ehq w|cqcerñ rhbmfm adsq`m hahfiqm bc m`lhq qcthq% Ohebcm`hq ce fm `irmb bcf |àh wm|m|ckmfm|fcq& wscqrh }sc qc ehq `hqr|m|he ah`h m`ikhq àeri`hq% _i`hq cer|c cffhqsem eiým ah`h bc =7 mýhq bc cbmb& dc|`hqàqi`m& rceim |slih cf wcfh y wh| fmq

cqwmfbmq ah`h fm @mkbmfcem& qs amlczm lmjm ahe `sadm ds`ifbmb& wscq fmieocfiz c|m a|imbm bc fmq adiemq& amsrivm bc m}scffm lí|lm|m kcerc& c|m bc Qmerimkhbcf Cqrc|h% Embic bc ehqhr|hq whbàm `i|m|fm qie rcec|fc `sadm fmqri`m& y qiehqhr|hq dslié|m`hq rcermbh fil|m|fm ahe fm osc|zm dslic|m cffm wc|bibh fm vibmce cf marh% Qcksàm`hq am`iemebh y `mq mlmjirh cqrmlme& h ehq qiksic|he h ehqmfamezm|he& mf bm| sem vscfrm& ceai`m bc sem lm||meam bc rc||ceh oi|`c y`hershqh& cf Amai}sc bc fhq Hahfiq& cf dijh y vm|ihq hr|hq iebihq% Mf dijh bcfAmai}sc qc fc viqriñ& c|m se `hzh bc =? m =; mýhq bc se rmffc dc|`hqh& y cqrmlm`sy as|ihqh wh| ctm`iem| fmq m|`mq y rhbh fh }sc dmlàm m lh|bh& y qcmb`i|mlm ce vc| rhbh m}scffh% Qh|im vicebh rmf mb`i|maiñe ce m}scf jhvce fh

dizh lmjm| ce fm aí`m|m& y `hqr|íebhfc `i fil|h& cf @mam|rc& msrh| bc eísriam& ywh| cf ieré|w|crc fc dmaàm bcai| }sc ahe m}scf ehqhr|hq ahehaàm`hq& mf qhf& m fm

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  1?  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

fsem& m fmq cqr|cffmq cra% @i|mlm y cqasadmlm ahe `sadm mrceaiñe& yh fc `hqr|é`i harmerc& cqrc fc khfwcñ dmqrm ce cf mf`m& `c ieqrmlm m }sc qc fh |ckmfmqc&‐ eh

}scbm `mq fm|kmbh bc qsq `mehq‐ fc diac bcai| }sc fh ecacqirmlm wm|m `i|m| m fm $%%%)Fsem y fmq cqr|cffmq& y }sc Bihq qc cehjm|àm ahe`ikh% ]scbñ cerheacq qifceaihqhwh| se |mrh& y bcqwséq ahe qc`lfmerc ehlfc bijh mf ierc|w|crc& bàkmfc m cqrhqqcýh|cq& }sc }sice fc ceqcým m cffhq rhbm cqrmq ahqmq cq qs Bihq wh|}sé qmlc`sadh& y }sc escqr|h Bihq m fhq whl|c iebihq eh ehq ceqcým embm wh|}sc ehqmlc embm% Yh fh diac |hkm| wh| cf ieré|w|crc }sc vieicqc ahe ehqhr|hq }sc yh fcceqcým|àm rhbmq m}scffmq ahqmq& ahercqrñ }sc ce hr|h vimjc vceb|àm& }sc mercq}sc|àm vc| ah`h ehq r|mrmlme fhq iebihq bc `íq mlmjh& }sc qhe `mfhq% Qcksi`hqam`iemebh y cqrc jhvce ehq mah`wmýñ dmqrm `mq mlmjh bhebc ehq bcjñ& y viehmlh|bh se iebih bc fhq `mrmahq h bc fm wm|rc bcf EC% cevimbh wh| qs amai}sc

wm|m }sc ehq mah`wmýmqc `mq mlmjh%

$Bcf |àh)

Cf |àh bcqbc fm Cq}siem k|mebc mqrm fhq Hahfiq vicec `hvilfc fh `iq`h }sc bc fmWmfam& m fm Cq}siem& y bcqbc fhq Hahfiq dmqrm m}sà& ah`icezm ce wm|rc m vcei|cer|c rc||ceh oi|`c& y eh qhe rmermq ym fmq vm|mbs|mq wh| vcei| cf mksm `mq|cseibm& wc|h fmq vscfrirmq }sc bm cf |àh qic`w|c qhe `sadmq y adi}sirmq& cqrh cqah|rmq%

$\hlh bcf rmlmah)

Wh| m}sà ceaher|m`hq iebihq bcf E%C% bc cer|c fhq asmfcq qc c`lm|añ sehbiaicebh }sc qs amai}sc fc dmlàm biadh bc mah`wmým|ehq `mq mlmjh% Fhq|ckmfm`hq% M}sà osc bhebc cf wcñe Jsqrh Wmqrh| mviqñ m Bhe Wmlfh }sc cf wcñeMfcjmeb|h Qmfmq dmlàm |hlmbh se `mzh bc rmlmah bc A|cai| y }sc cqrmlm wh| seam`lifmeadc $<;) ahe fhq iebihq wh| mfksem kiam $kiam h yiam ffm`me fhq @mrmahq msemq lhfqmq }sc qc ascfkme mf wcqasczh% Ah`h fhq amzmbh|cq whece fh }sc amzmece se rcjibh m `hbh bc |cb bc%%%)%

Qc dizh |ckiqr|m| m Qmfmq y qc fc ceaher|ñ cf rmlmah& cf `sadmadirh ierc|w|crc@íti`h @mb|ikmf bijh m Qh|im }sc cf aher|m`mcqr|c Amemfcq rm`liée dmlàm|hlmbh rmlmah% A|cai| |ckiqr|ñ fmq wcrmamq y ceaher|ñ }sc ce sem omfrmlme bhq hr|cq `mzhq% Qh|im w|ckserñ mf `sadmadh qi Om|imq dmlàm |hlmbh rm`liée& cf`sadmadh bijh }sc qà%

$<;) Am`lifmeadc& am`lmfmadc& am`lmfmadcmebh% Ierc|am`limebh& amejcmebh 

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 1; 

H oscqc vc|bmb h lice wsbic|m }sc cf `sadmadh cqrsvicqc qceribh wh| mfksemahqm has||ibm ahe Amemfcq y Om|imq% M`lhq c|me adifcehq%

Cerheacq Qh|im ieri`ñ m fhq r|cq cqrh cq m Amemfcq& Qmfmq& y Om|imq& m eh lmjm| `íqm fm lhbckm& y `c w|ckserñ m `à }sc `c wm|caàm m}scffm jsqriaim& fc |cqwhebà:- @c wm|cac `sy lice mqà eh |hlm|íe `íq rmlmah-% Eh rceb|àm jm`íq }scdmlc|fc |cqwhebibh mqà% Mf `h`cerh bijh Qh|im m fhq r|cq& - ¡_íymeqc m fmqamehmq y eh wiqce `íq cf Lm|ah qi yh eh fh `mebh- % Amemfcq y Om|imq mfckmlmewh| qs iehaceaim wc|h eh dslh |c`iqiñe% ]scbm|he fhq r|cq ce fmq amehmq& y mqàosc }sc rhbmq fmq ehadcq qc ilme m bh|`i| ce ric||m% Rm`liée se bàm Amemfcq yOm|imq }sc cqrmlme ce sem amehm qc }scbm|he lmqrmerc mr|íq& ahe mei`h }sizíqbc bcqc|rm|& wc|h eh fh dml|íe dcadh wh| `icbh m fhq iebihq wscq ym cqrílm`hq

lmqrmerc ierc|embhq ce cf Admah%

$Bc Admkihq)

_ieh Admkimq cf Amai}sc& m lh|bh y ehq mah`wmýh bhq h r|cq bàmq Dmqrm }scffckmbh m se aic|rh wserh bijh }sc eh whbàm wmqm| `mq mbcfmerc wh|}sc fhqiebihq ie`cbimrhq c|me fhq Mrmfí `mfhq& y }sc ehqhr|hq eh ehq oiíqc`hq bc cffhq&wh|}sc lsqam|íe rhbhq fhq `cbihq whqilfcq wm|m `mrm|ehq& }sc qc `hqr|m|íeah`h m`ikhq wc|h }sc bc eiekúe `hrivh ehq oiíqc`hq bc cffhq& }sc qhe cqhq

fhq }sc @m|imeh ehq bijh }sc ricece fmq bhq vmamq& y asibmbh ahe cffhq& cf qc oscahe fhq hr|hq bhq& y }scbm`hq qhfhq am`iemebh%

$Cf |àh vicec `cjh|)

Wh| m}sà cf |àh vicec ym `sadh `cjh|& y ym eh qhe rmerh fhq bcqwfmymbhq%

$Qcýmf bc ksc||m)

Mf bàm qiksicerc ceai`m bc sem lm||meam ffmem y qie í|lhfcq m fm wm|rc bcf EC%& qcehq `hqr|ñ se iebih& mf ric`wh bc wmqm| bc cqrm qsc|rc& rceàm ce sem `meh sewmfh mfkh fm|kh ahe bhq kmjhq lice ah|rmbhq m `hbh bc dh|}scrm%

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14  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

Rceim ce qs o|cerc sem amlczm bc vmam ahe qsq mqwmq y mf|cbcbh| bc fm amlczmwcbmzhq bc asc|hq bc ah|bc|hq& rceim m`m||mbh mf wcqasczh wh| bcr|íq wfs`mqbc mvcqr|sz ahe rhrh|m wcebicerc& mlmjh rceim se adi|iwm bc rhrh|m ‖ wc|h eh rceibhqieh fmq wmkmq wcebicerc m`m|mbmq m fm aiers|m‐& fm hr|m `meh ce cf meam $ambc|m)& yfm am|m ahe rhbh cf asc|wh wiermbh bc hvc|h h `meadmq eck|mq& vceim m wmqh`sy |cwhqmbh mqà m fm h|iffm wm|m }sc fh viéqc`hq `cjh|% Yh eh wscbh i`mkiem|ce bhebc cqrhq lí|lm|hq dmyme whbibh bm|& wm|m i`irm| mf bimlfh ‖rme mf vivh‐% 

Escqr|hq wchecq }sc rceàme mfkúe ahehai`icerh bc fhq iebihq `íq }sc ehqhr|hqbcaàme& }sc c|m m}scf cf bihq bc fm ksc||m y qcýmf bc ksc||m& y fc }sc|àme osqifm|mf ric`wh bc wmqm|& wc|h Qh|im eh fh aheqieriñ%

Mercq bc ffckm| m fhq Mrmfí wsqi`hq mf `cbih bcf Lm|ah fhq wm|mwcrhq bc asc|hq

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 19

cqrh cq bcjmebh fil|c fm whwm y w|hm wm|m whbc| ri|m| ahe fmq am|hembmq qiecqrh|lh y rm`liée wsqi`hq se rcadh bc asc|hq‐ $%%%) }sc wm|caàm ahqm ah`h }sc

dmace fhq Wm|mksmyhq m fmq ahf`mbmq bc $%%%) Lm|ah‐% Cqrh c|m se lsce |cwm|h wm|m fmofhrm% Cf `iq`h bàm wh| fm rm|bc ffckm`hq m fhq Mrmfm& fhq asmfcq cqrmlme aherhbmq qsq adiemq y adi}sirhq ceai`m bc fm lm||meam bcf EC% qie m|`mq ce qcýmfbc wmz% Bi`hq ohebh ce `cbih bcf |àh y m`m||m`hq se amlfc m ric||m wh| cf asmfmr|mam`hq cf lm|ah m fm lm||meam bc fhq iebihq%

Amqi rhbm escqr|m kcerc qc osc m ric||m m cer|cvc|m|qc ahe fm iebimbm y fm hr|mwm|rc m ahaiem| cf rsfwh% Fhq iebihq ce sem lscem wh|aiñe vieic|he m lh|bh% Rmfc|m cf `iqrs|c y fm ieqslh|biemaiñe escqr|m& }sc c|m qsoiaicerc }sc yh bijcqc }sc

eh ehq oiíqc`hq& y bc eh lmjm| eiekseh m ric||m& wm|m }sc oiíqc`hq bc rhbhqcffhq& y lmjmqce m ric||m rhbhq& Qh|im ce w|i`c| fskm|% @icer|mq mqà cer|cvc|mbhqcqrílm`hq& vic|he ffckm| wh| fm lm||meam bcf QH& `mq m||ilm ah`h m bhqaicermqvm|mq se k|swh bc iebihq k|irmebh y am`iemebh& }sizíq a|cycebh }sc ymé|m`hq rh`mbhq& cerheacq ffm`é m mfksehq bc fhq wchecq `mq w|sbcercq wm|m}sc vieicqce m lh|bh% _ieic|he cqrhq y eh diaic|he embm% Ffckñ fm ehadc viehrhbm escqr|m kcerc m lh|bh `cehq fmq r|cq viari`mq bcf lí|lm|h Qh|im%

Cqrhq rmfcq iebihq c|me fhq _ifcfm&‐ fhq bc fmq vmamq& fhq }sc c|m|ehq mviqmbhq wh| rhbhqfhq bc fm vmamq‐& bc fhq }sc osi`hq mviqmbhq wh| rhbhq fhq iebihq bc `mq m||ilm

wm|m }sc eh ehq oiíqc`hq bc cffhq% Y yh eh `c oimlm% Mqà cq }sc cqrmlm cf wcñe  Jhqé Fcmeb|h ac|am bc fmq lirmq $<4) bc w|hm y fc `mebé fm|kmqc cf amlfc wm|mbcjm| amc| ce `cbih bcf |àh mf meafm%

Fcmeb|h fm|km cf amlfc y Qh|im `mebm mksmerm|& yh `c hwsqc m Qh|im wh|}scm}sà c|m qcks|h }sc ehq jskílm`hq fm vibm& `mebc wh| qcksebm vcq m Fcmeb|h}sc fm|kmqc cf amlfc& y Fcmeb|h }sc rm`liée fc ksqrmlm fm|km|qc bc fm lm||meamqic`w|c fm|kmlm se whah% Qh|im fh `mebh }sc m`m||mqc cf amlfc& yh }sc cfbimlfh `c ffcvmlm& fc bcaàm m Qh|im cqrhq qhe fhq iebihq bc fmq vmamq cra%

$<4) Lirm: whqrc bc `mbc|m }sc mqcks|mbh qhl|c aslic|rm qi|vc wm|m bm| vscfrm m fhq amlfcq bcfmeafm asmebh qc ohebcm sem emvc%

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27  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

Éf `c bcaàm }sc cqrmlme ahe fmq adiemq y adi}sirhq ce qcýmf bc wmz& yh fc bcaàm}sc eh c|m w|sbcerc oim|qc y k|irmlm m Fcmeb|h ‑ ¡Fm|kí& fm|kmlm cf& y Qh|im fck|irmlm ‑ ¡Mksmerí& y cer|c fm|kí y mksmerí aheqcksà ce bhq dh|mq bc biqwsrmmfcjm| cf Lm|ah ah`h =7 h =< vm|mq bc fm Lm||meam biqrmeaim qsoiaicerc wm|m }sceh wsbicqce fhq iebihq qmfrm| m lh|bh%

@mebé whec| sem meafm m w|hm wh| qi mamqh }siqicqce mrmam| cf Lm|ah y ah|rm| cfamlfc ‖$%%%) }sc fmq bhq am|hembmq& }siqc am|km| fhq osqifcq $%%%) }siqh‐% Qi c|m w|sbcercbcjm| r|cq viari`mq ce `meh bc cqrhq lí|lm|hq fh jszksc cf `sebh% M `cbim

ehadc Qh|im cer|ckñ fm ksm|bim& ‖qc `sbñ cf aceriecfm‐% Yh cqrmlm cq vc|bmb& ce fmaí`m|m wm|m ml|ikm|`c bcf |haàh& wc|h eh bs|`icebh& asmebh qc hyñ semflh|hrh cer|c fm iebimbm% Qh|im eh qé qi bcf qsqrh bc se qmfrh cqrsvh ceai`m bcfm aslic|rm y yh mr|íq bc éf mkm||mebh fm `cadm wm|m ri|m| m fhq iebihq ahe fmam|hembm }sc cqrmlm ce ahfiqm $<9)&% 

Cocarivm`cerc dslic|m fhk|mbh se ri|h dc|`hqh& wc|h rceim ce o|cerc m Qh|im mfaceriecfm A|cai| y eh whbàm bm|fc osckh qie `mrm| m mfkseh bc cffhq% Cqrmlmerhbhq fhq iebihq& mkhfwmbhq ceai`m bc fm lm||meam& qie `sjc|cq‐ $%%%) Amemfcq qc

ceaher|mlm ce fm h|iffm bcf mksm & ahe sem fmezm ce fmq `mehq ahe mbc`íe bcbcocebc|qc bc fhq iebihq% Ce cf mksm seh r|mq bcf hr|h }sc c|me Om|imq y Qmfmqa|cyc|he fhq escqr|hq& }sc seh c|m se wcñe escqr|h y cf hr|h mr|íq oscqc cf rik|c}sc fh ah||icqc& cf aceriecfm }sc rceim cf osqif am|kmbh }sc|àm ri|m|fc y Amemfcq}sc bijh eh fhq `mrce& qhe bc fhq escqr|hq% Mf `iq`h ric`wh A|cai| qc bihvscfrm dmaim `i }sc cqrmlm m fm ah|hembm& biaiéebh`c eh `c wcksc ce fm amlczmahe cf wmfh $c|m sem ofcadm fm }sc fc wckñ ce fm amlczm) yh cebc`heimbh }sc ehwhbàm ri|m| m fhq iebihq& k|iré -¡M fmq m|`mq `sadmadhq& Mf |sibh bc fhq vm|ihqosqifcq& biqwm|ñ fm iebimbm& y `mebm`hq ce sem amehmq m |cahkc| `mq mlmjh mOm|imq y Qmfmq y fhq r|cq vieic|he m lh|bh wh|}sc Qh|im mqà fh `mebñ%

$<9) Ahfiqm& wfmrmoh|`m ki|mrh|im qhl|c fm asmf ki|m fm as|cým qie |scbmq bc se amýñe%

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 2= 

Whl|c Qh|im $17) rceim sem fmezmbm `mq mlmjh bc fm lham bcf wcadh }sc amqi fhlmebcm $1=)% Om|imq mkm||ñ mf iebih dc|ibh| y fh r|mjh dmqrm fm h|iffm bcf mksm }scosc bhebc Amemfcq fh mkm||ñ& rceàm rm`liée hr|mq dc|ibmq adiamq% Fcw|ckserílm`hq }sc dmlàme dcadh m fhq iebihq& |cqwhebàme }sc embm& }sc fhqiebihq fhq qh|w|cebic|he bs|`icebh%

Qi ehqhr|hq cqrílm`hq bs|`icebh asmebh ehq dmffílm`hq mr|mambhq m fmlm||meam cq lice qcks|h }sc fhq iebihq ehq dslic|me qmfrmbh mlh|bh y bckhffmbhm rhbhq ehqhr|hq& w|sclm bc cqrh& cq }sc m}sà eh dslh cf mflh|hrh bc eieksemadiem& ei a|imrs|m& rm`liée cq w|sclm bc }sc fhq iebihq w|has|mlme kmrcm|ehqrhbm fm ehadc wm|m ri|m|ehq ofcadmq wc|h escqr|h wc||h }sc dmlàm }scbmbh ceric||m& eh bcjmlm mac|am|fhq qie bm|ehq mviqh& wm|cac }sc fhq ahehaàm }sc c|meescqr|hq cec`ikhq& fhq iebihq fh ffm`mlme bcqwmairh wc|h cf wc||h `mq qccehjmlm& y mqà ehqhr|hq cqrílm`hq m fmq m|`mq%

$17) Qc r|mrm bc Om|àmq y eh bc Qh|im%

$1=) ‖Lmebcqrm‐: lmebcm& r|mqwmqm

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2<  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

Cq vc|bmb }sc hàm`hq ehqhr|hq }sc fhq iebihq k|irmlme m fh fcjhq& y escqr|hierc|w|crc bcaàm }sc fhq iebihq ilme m cqahebc| fmq adiemq ce cf `herc wh| `icbh

m ehqhr|hq& y ahe cqrh }sc|àm Qh|im w|hlm| }sc Om|imq dmlàm ibh m fm |meadc|àmwh| ierc|éq bc mfksem adiem%

Rhbh wscbc qc|& wc|h Om|imq mercq bc `h|i| bijh }sc cf eh dmlàm |hlmbh cfrmlmah& y }sc `h|àm iehacerc%

Qh|im biac ce qs fil|iffh ohjm <1% Bc escqr|mq amehmq qc |cqlmfñ seh bc fhq wchecq%Cf `herc bc bhebc qmfiñ bcqwséq bc `cbim ehadc& qmfrmebh mf mksm& wc|qcksibhbc seh h bhq iebihq cra% %%% Qh|im `icerc y |c`icerc% Qh|im cq }sice `mrñ m Om|imq&

¸wh|}sé eh fh `mebñ%%% vcei| m lh|bh mercq bc qc| dc|ibh& qieh bcqwséq8& qc fh`mebñ%%% $1<) 

M`mecaiñ cf bàm y eh vcàm`hq m eiekúe iebih ei hàm`hq m embic% Fcq dmaàm`hqk|irm| wh| cf ierc|w|crc }sc vieicqce y }sc ehq bijcqce }sé fcq dmlàm dcadh cfwcñe }sc fh }sc|àm`hq amqrikm|& wc|h embic |cqwhebàm% Cerheacq wfmerm`hq fmfmezm }sc Om|imq r|mjh ceai`m bc fm lm||meam ahe fm wserm m||ilm& wm|m }sc fhqiebihq vic|me }sc ehqhr|hq eh ahbiaiílm`hq qsq m|`mq& y }sc eh fc rceàm`hq`icbh& y ehq fm|km`hq wm|m escqr|h bcqrieh%

Mf bm| fm vscfrm mf |àh $wscq }sc rhbh cq se am|mahfch) `mq mlmjirh ah`h asmb|my `cbim mf fmbh `iq`h bc fhq iebihq h bcf EC%& dmy sem lm||meam mfrm& `sadh`mq }sc asmermq dc`hq ceaher|mbh dmqrm m}sà& y dmy ce cffm `hercq bc í|lhfcqk|mebcq bc rhbm afmqc& `mfiaiílm`hq }sc mffà bclàme bc cqrm| fhq iebihqc`lhqambhq wm|m ri|m|ehq ofcadmq y mqà w|has|ílm`hq wmqm| fh `mq fcjhq whqilfc%

Ce fm hr|m wm|rc& cf |àh rceim sem wfmyirm bc fm asmf wmqm`hq `sy ac|}sirm ycqrmlm ce o|cerc `iq`h bcf `herc& y ce cffm qc ceaher|mlm se iebih cf asmf dizh

sem qcýmf y mf `h`cerh vieic|he bcf `herc semq asmermq ofcadmq& qie vc| }sicefmq ri|ñ& sem bc cffmq wmqñ ce `cbih bc Qh|im y A|cai|& wh|}sc m`lhq cqrmlme jserhq% 

$1<) ‖ Bc escqr|mq amehmq qc |cqlmfñ seh bc escqr|hq wchecq mf `herc& bc bhebc qmfiñ bcqwséqbc `cbimehadc& qmfrmebh mf mksm wc|qcksibh bc sehq bhq iebihq ‐> ‖ Fh |cahki`hq m lh|bh aher|cq fmezmzhq }sc fc dmlàme bmbh ce cf `herc y fm iebimbm bcqmwm|caiñ ce se ieqrmerc ‐> ‖ Mfbàm qiksicerc `s|iñ cf wcñe Om|àmq%‐ - Bim|ih Wmlfh Qh|im- 

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 21 

M}sà cq bhebc Qh|im icerc $11) m ohjmq <2%

Bcqwséq }sc dmlàm`hq wmqmbh qmfiñ bcf `herc sem wh|aiñe bc iebihq ahe sehqadm}scrhecq `sy k|scqhq bc asc|h bc ah|bc|hq ah`h wm|m ml|ikm|qc bc fmqofcadmq }sc ehqhr|hq whbàm`hq ri|m|fc& mqà cq qs biviqm bc ksc||m%

Rhbhq cffhq qc wsqic|he m am`iem|& dmaim cf fskm| ce bhebc cqrsvi`hq& y cebhebc di|ic|he m Om|imq& y eh m fm |meadc|àm& wceqmebh ceaher|m| mffí mf`h|ilsebh wm|m rh|em|qc fsckh m ctr|mc| cf a|íech bc Om|imq y dmac|qc sem rmqmwm|m lclc| ce cffm& ce c|imf bc r|iseoh& qckúe cq sqh cer|c cffhq& wc|h ehceaher|m|he qieh fm fmezm `mrmbh|m& }sc cffhq dme bc dmlc| rh`mbh m `mf

mköc|h% @mq mlmjh ceaher|m`hq vm|imq ofcadmq ce cf mksm bc fmq }sc dmlàmeri|mbh m fm ehadc asmebh A|cai| `c bijh }sc eh fc wcksc% Bcqwséq ceaher|m`hqbhq iebihq bc fhq `iq`hq bc qic`w|c& ce sem wfmym y qc `merceàme m fh fcjhqwh| `icbh% Fhq }siqi`hq |ckmfm| ah`h m`ikhq& wc|h rceàme `icbh bc mac|am|qc%Ehq bijc|he fcq wsqié|m`hq fh }sc fc }sc|àm`hq bm|& ceai`m bc se |mikñe }scmffà cqrmlm miqfmbh% Fcq wsqi`hq bhq kh||hq y bhq `mzhq bc rmlmah& }sc bcqwséq}sc ehqhr|hq dmlàm`hq wmqmbh& fhq osc|he m rh`m|%

$Bcf |àh)

Wh| m}sà cf |àh vicec `sadh `cjh| ym }sc eh vm|m`hq `mq& y qi mfksem vczvm|m`hq eh cq wh| omfrm bc mksm& ei bc c||m| cf amemf& wh|}sc cf mksm vm rhbmseibm ce se qhfh amemf& cq wh| bcqasibh `àh& }sc m vcacq `icer|mq `m|ah cf |àhce cf wfme bim|ih cf ‐ $%%)|mlif‐ ri`hec|h qc |cascqrm `mq bc se fmbh }sc mf hr|h&wc|h ahe c`wsjm|qc se whah ahe fhq lhrmbh|cq mf `h`cerh $ cf lm|ah) qc mei`mqic`w|c% Cq se am|mahfch bc vscfrmq& y rme ah|rirmq }sc `c ffcvmlme mls||ibh% Mfm ehadc wm|m`hq%

$11) ‖Qmfi`hq bc mffà ahe qhf y mf wmqm| wh| sem lm||meam mfrm& ri|m|he mf ah`iqihembh bhqofcadmq& mf qmfi| m fm aslic|rm& m asyh oie qc dmlàme mwh|rmbh $mwhqrmbh) bcr|íq bc fhq í|lhfcqffm`mebh hr|h bc cffhq ahe k|mebcq k|irhq fm mrceaiñe m fm lmebm hwscqrm % Eh c|me `íq }sc qciqs hadh fhq }sc mwm|caic|he ce bioc|cercq wm|rcq% Cf wcñe qie bsbm fhq dmlàm w|hvhambh&iercermebh |hlm|fhq h bc mfkúe hr|h `hbh ce qs |meadc|àh ‐ ‑ Bim|ih Wmlfh Qh|im-

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22  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

$@sc|rc bc Om|imq y rs`lm)

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mfkh fm|kh y fc wsqi`hq cf eh`l|c bc @herc bc Om|imq& ce `c`h|im bcf bioserhy qcksi`hq wm|m cf bcqrieh%

$W|i`c|h Rhlmq)

Whah mercq bc r|m`herm| cf Qhf ffckm`hq ce se viqrhqh Wmf`m| bcf QH%

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 23 

Mffà cqrmlme sehq =7 h =< iebihq ahe se amsrivh qmerimkscýh% C|me cqrhq Rhlmq%Cf `herc a|cqwh }sc wmqm`hq bclc qc| fm fàecm biviqh|im bc fhq Rhlmq ahe fhq

_ifcfmq mf EC% y ahe fhq Hahfiq mf QH& |ckmfm`hq m cqrhq y mf amsrivh rm`liée& y fcw|ckserm`hq wh| Mksqràe y Qmerimkh% Ehq bijh }sc cqrmlme `mq mlmjh& }sc`mýmem ehq vc|àm`hq ahe Mksqràe y }sc wibm`hq wh| qs filc|rmb% ]scbm`hq mwmqm| fm ehadc m}sà% Cf |àh }sc ah||i`hq cqrc bàm dm qibh `sy dc|`hqh& cqrh cqdhebh y bc `sy wham ah||icercq& am|mahfcmbh ah`h fh bc`íq%

Cqrhq iebihq cevim|he mf amsrivh m mviqm| mf amai}sc Mksqràe% Ah`h bhq asmb|mq`mq mlmjh qc ceaher|mlm fm lm||meam bcf QH mfrm y ah|rmbm m wi}sc ahe se `herck|mebc bc rhbm afmqc bc í|lhfcq úrifcq% M fm ehadc qc osc|he cqrhq iebihq y vi`hq

ce cqrc `herc se osckh }sc w|has|mlme hasfrm|fh& y qceri`hq dmadcm| rhbm fm 

ehadc& ah`h }sc r|hzmlme wmfhq& ehqhr|hq jszkílm`hq }sc bclàme dmac|zh}scrcq $12) bc `mbc|mq wm|m ri|m| wh| ceai`m bc fm lm||meam mf ric`wh bcwmqm|% Cqrm amfibmb bc m|`mq dslic|m qibh qsoiaicerc wm|m }scl|m| escqr|mqamlczmq y vceac|ehq% Rmf cq cf meadh ce cqrm wm|rc bcf |àh& Qh|im `icerc ce qsfil|iffh o% $==)

Wh| fm `mýmem eh vcàm`hq m embic& y wh| cqh cq }sc ms`cermlm escqr|m

bcqaheoimezm& wc|h ehq |cqhfvi`hq m wmqm| h `h|i|% Fcvmerm`hq cf meafm& y ehqwsqi`hq m am`iem| ce h|bce bc lmrmffm& cqrh cq 2 dh`l|cq m fhq |c`hq& seh mfri`ñe& cf |cqrh rhbhq ahe osqif y lmyhecrm ahe mrceaiñe m fm lm||meam& y rm`liéemf wcb|c|h& fmq `cadmq ceacebibmq& y ahe cqrc mqwcarh wmqm`hq fm lm||meam& qiehà| ei vc| m embic%

$Amai}sc Mksqràe)$Bcf r|mrh wm|m \cqamrm| fmq amsrivmq)

@mq mlmjirh ceaher|m`hq bm fm wm|rc bcf QH& mf amsrivh ahe 3 h ? amsrivmq }scamermlme di`ehq m fmq _i|kce a|cycebh }sc àlm`hq m |cqamrm|fmq& dmlàm rm`liéeiebihq& fhq |ckmfm`hq% Bijh cf amsrivh }sc mksm|bíqc`hq m Mksqràe& ehqhr|hqbcaibi`hq am`iem|% @mq mlmjh ceaher|m`hq m Mksqràe $Mksqriecq Amai}sc bc fmmeriksm \cbsaaiñe bc Qme Lc|em|bh) }sc ehq mfamezm% Fh |ckmfm`hq& y fhr|mrm`hq wm|m filc|rm| m fhq amsrivhq%

$12) Rmahq bc `mbc|m bc aheqibc|mlfc wcqh y rm`mýh 

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2?  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

Fh rh`m|he m `mf& wh|}sc fhq amfzhecq y fmq adm}scrmq }sc |ckmfm`hq eh qi|vcewm|m ah`w|m| amsrivhq y }sc qswscqrh }sc dc`hq bc vhfvc| wh| mffà hr|mqvcacq& ehq bijh& r|mikme wheadhq }sc ahe cffhq filc|rm|me m rhbhq ahe omaifibmb& y}sc mdh|m eh cqwc|c`hq biqksqrm| m fhq iebihq& wh| eh rcec| wheadhq% Ehqmah`wmýñ dmqrm aic|rh wserh y ehq bcjñ& biaiéebhehq }sc cf Amai}sc bcAmekmyc cq qs dijh& y }sc ehq |cah`cebm|í `sadh& y }sc qc ffm`m @m|ràe%

$Hr|h Amai}sc bc fhq Rhlmq)

Eh `c masc|bh lice qi mf bàm qiksicerc ceaher|m`hq bhq iebihq& jñvcecq mfrhq ydc|`hqhq seh c|m amai}sc& cf hr|h rceàm se amsrivh ah`h bc <7 mýhq& }sc cqrmlmmffà ahe cffhq% H|bcemlme cffhq bhq& mf amsrivh& ahe vhz mfrm y ffcem bc h|ksffh&$rmerh }sc A|cai| qc mqsqrñ) wm|m }sc ehq bikm }sc wm|c`hq%

Ehqhr|hq fcq bcaàm`hq }sc `íq mlmjirh fhq mksm|bm|àm`hq& cffhq cerheacqk|irm|he mf amsrivh& bc rmf qsc|rc }sc cf ieocfiz qc wsqh m ah||c| ah`h se |myhcer|c cf `herc y m`mqijh }sc dmlàm ceai`m bc fm lm||meam& bc rmf qsc|rc }sc qc|h`wàm rhbmq qsq am|ecq y ehq k|irmlm: -¡ Wm|ce wmr|ñe& wm|ce qieh `c `mrme-% -¡Wm|ce wh| Bihq& qieh `c `mrme-% Ehqhr|hq hycebh m cqrc ieocfiz wm|m`hq& yffckñ cqrc bcqbiadmbh ameqmbàqi`h& y r|mq éf ffckm|he fhq bhq m`hq y cf amai}sc%Bcqwséq vieic|he ffckmebh `íq iebihq y adiemq& sem bc cffmq r|màm sem fmezm mfm`h bcf amsrivh& wm|m `mrm|fh ce amqh }sc eh dsliéqc`hq wm|mbh& wc|h cf iebih|crñ m fm adiem y `mebñ ahe m||hkmeaim ffcvmqc fsckh fm fmezm bc mffà% Fhq|ckmfm`hq m cffhq& m fmq adiemq y m sem amsrivm }sc cqrmlm mdà fm vcqri`hq bcdh`l|c ahe rmf bc asl|i| qsq am|ecq% Ehq bijh cf Amai}sc }sc éf y qs kcerc c|meescqr|hq m`ikhq& y }sc ehq asibíqc`hq bc fhq iebihq bc `íq mlmjh }sc }sc|àmedmac|ehq fm ksc||m% Ehq bcqwcbi`hq wm|m am`iem| y cffhq kcec|hqhq ehq`mebm|he m lh|bh mf amsrivh wm|m }sc ehq mah`wmýmqc `mq mlmjh& vieh cf yam`iem`hq% Cqrhq iebihq qhe bc hr|h cqwà|irs }sc fhq iebihq bc `íq m||ilm& bchr|h rmffc& cra% A|cai| bcaàm }sc wm|caàme qc| |h`mehq rmf c|m cf `icbh }sc fcrceim%

C|m sem fíqri`m hà| fh }sc ehq ahermlm cf amsrivh bc fh }sc wmqmlme cffhq mffà%Ehq bcaàm }sc asmebh fhq iebihq ricece dm`l|c qc fhq ah`àme mqmbhq& y }sc m éfeh fh dme `sc|rh rhbmvàm wh|}sc qmlàm amzm| ce cf am`wh m amlmffh& y lsqamlmmqà bc ah`c| wm|m qs m`h cra% cra%

@mq mlmjirh ceaher|m`hq escvm`cerc cf amai}sc y mf m`h bcf amsrivh& ahe fm

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 2; 

qmerimkscým }sc dmlàm`hq vcqribh& wc|h fm ceaher|m`hq ym bcqesbm y ehq bijh}sc qs m`h fc }sirñ fm |hwm& fc `mebm`hq wh| fm amehm hr|h amfzñe ahe hr|m

adm}scrm% Cf amai}sc bijh m fhq hr|hq iebihq& }sc rm`liée c|m m`h bc m}scffmieocfiz% Fc wcbi`hq }sc ehq bc m m}scffm amsrivm%

Biqwsrmlm cf iebih ahe qs amai}sc ahe h|ksffh& y se whah aheqceràm }sc  qcc`lm|amqc ce fm amehm y qc vieicqc m lh|bh% Cffm ehq bcaàm ffévce`c wh| Bihq&ffévce`c& cf amai}sc m|cekmlm `sadh ahe cf hr|h wc|h eh }siqh aheqceri| y mqàrsvi`hq }sc bcjm|fm& ce qs a|scf bcqk|maim y qcksi`hq am`iemebh& ahe cfamsrivh m lh|bh%

@mq mlmjh ceaher|m`hq ah`h <77 iebihq bc fm wm|rc bcf QH ce sem cqwmaihqmwfmym }sc oh|`mlm cf |àh% Bi`hq ohebh wm|m |ckmfm|fhq% M}sà eh dmlàm eieksemadiem y amqi rhbhq fhq iebihq rceàme fm `mamem& }sc cq se lmqrñe ah|rh y k|scqhbc sem `mbc|m wcqmbm& fm `myh| wm|rc qhe bc Wmfh Qmerh }sc mlsebm ce cfAdmah% Ehq bijc|he bc bcjm| cf amsrivh mffà& mf ric`wh bc qmfi| ehq k|irñ cf amsrivh}sc fh ah`w|í|m`hq }sc qs m`h fh bmlm wh| bhq asadiffhq%

Mf `h`cerh `mebm`hq wh| sem amehm fhq bhq asadiffhq ahe h|bce bc r|mc| cfamsrivh% Y Qh|im `c `mebñ fcvmermqc cf meafm wm|m am`iem|& fc bijc }sc qmficebh

ehqhr|hq bc mffà fhq iebihq `mrm|àme m escqr|hq wchecq& wc|h cf Qcýh| Bhe Bimlfhwmkmbh bc qi `iq`h }siqh }sc qc am`iec& cocarivm`cerc ah`cezm`hq m am`iem| asmebhfm amehm ffckmlm m ric||m% Asmebh ehqhr|hq cqrsvi`hq biqrmerc ah`h bhq y `cbimasmb|mq fhq iebihq mfzm|he fmq `mamemq wm|m `mrm| m escqr|hq wchecq& yh }sc`mq `i|mlm m fm amehm }sc mf lm|ah& mf `h`cerh `mebh fm|km| cf meafm& }sc wh|cqh dmlàm wscqrh se wcñe m w|hwñqirh& y mf |sibh bc fm ambcem& y viqrh cf Lm|ahwm|m| diaic|he fhq iebihq mfrh& y qc vhfviñ fm amehm qie asadiffh y qie amsrivh& wh|asfwm bc Qh|im%

$Bcf |àh)

Cf |àh bcqbc `mq m||ilirm bc fhq Mfmfm dmqrm m}sà vicec `sy lice cer|c rc||cehoi|`c bc se fmbh y hr|h& cf am|mahfch bcf |àh qic`w|c qiksc y `sy `mjmbc|h cfrc||ceh bc se fmbh y hr|h fm `myh| wm|rc cq am`wh& y ce wm|rc `herc bc `mbc|múrif kcec|mf`cerc% @herc `mfh qhfh cq cf bc Om|imq wh| qc| a|cqwh& wc|h cq cfúeiah bc cqrm afmqc%

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24  Jsme jhqé Nhww

$Amai}sc @m|ràe)

Am`iemebh `mq mlmjh ceaher|m`hq m sehq iebihq% Seh bc cffhq ehq bijh }sc éfcq @m|ràe Amai}sc bc fm meriksm |cbsaaiñe bc Amekmyc& dijh bcf amai}scMksqràe% Fh c`lm|am`hq y qcksi`hq am`iemebh ahe cf m lh|bh& fh vcqri`hq yehq ahermlm }sc cf rceim `sadmq amsrivmq }sc fmq ah`w|mlm wh| `mermq bcmfkhbñe& m fhq iebihq bc `mq mlmjh% Qh|im qc fc wsqh dmlfm| bc |cfikiñebiaiéebhfc }sc cf }sc|àm `sadh fhq iebihq& y }sc c|m dh`l|c `sy lsceh y

dc|`meh bc rhbhq fhq iebihq%

$Qh|im qc bm cf eh`l|c bc wmb|c Rils|aih)

Fc w|ckserñ @m|ràe qi c|m wmb|c& Qh|im fc ahercqrñ }sc qà& cocarivm`cerc fh c|mmse}sc eh cq amqmbh $8)& y ehqhr|hq biji`hq m @m|ràe }sc qc ffm`mlm Wmb|cRils|aih& y }sc c|m `sy lsceh }sc |ckmfmlm m rhbhq fhq iebihq%

@mq mlmjh ceaher|m`hq m fhq _ifcfmq ce fm wm|rc bcf EC%& fhq |ckmfm`hq y @m|rieqc osc m ric||m biaiéebhehq }sc ehq ilm m ksm|bm| ce Amekmyc ce qs |meadc|àm%

$Bc fhq r|heahq bc í|lhfcq)

Am`ieílm`hq qie eiekúe iebih m lh|bh& y qie rh`m| eieksem vm|mbs|m& cfúeiah cqrh|lh }sc wscbc qc| wm|m fhq Ls}scq bc _mwh| c|m fm mwm|iaiñe ce sem}sc hr|m wm|rc bc r|heahq bc í|lhfcq& wc|h ahe omaifibmb qc wscbce }sirm|%

$Amekmyc)

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 29

Ffckm`hq wh| oie m Amekmyc meriksm |cbsaaiñe% Ce fm wm|rc bcf QH fhq rhfbhqc|me fhq `mq lice biqwscqrhq bc asmermq rhfbc|àmq dc viqrh& qckúe fh }sc m

lh|bh vcàm% Biqrmlme bcf |àh ah`h m sem asmb|m& asym biqrmeaim oh|`mlm semcqwmaihqm wfmym% Ce fm `m|kce bcf |àh& dmlàm sem `cqm ahe sem qmlmem% Bcf`mercf& ceai`m& dmlàm sem rmzm bc fhzm lfmeam y bclmjh bc fm `iq`m `cqm semviemjc|m bc vib|ih eck|h% M se fmbh y hr|h bc fm `cqm dmlàm sem mqrm mfrm ahebhq qmlmem bc lmebc|m% ]sc rhbmq cqrmq ahqmq fmq |hlme m fhq Qmerimkscýhq% Bcffmbh bc m||ilm bcf mfrm| dmlàm sehq <47 m 177 _ifcfmq m|`mbhq bc fmezmq yofcadmq qie eieksem adiem& ahe qs amai}sc _ifcfm% Bcf fmbh bc mlmjh dmlàm sehq=47 m <77 @hahlicq m|`mbhq ah`h fhq hr|hq% Qs amai}sc c|m Qmerimkh cf m`ikhbc @m|imeh% Biqrmlme fhq sehq y fhq hr|hq bcf mfrm| ah`h `cbim asmb|m%

Cf mfrm| }scbmlm ceo|cerc `iq`h bc fm rhfbc|àm% Embic `íq }sc @m|ràe& _ifcfm&Qmerimkh y Wmqmai| qc ceaher|mlme ac|amehq mf mfrm| $13)% Fm rhfbc|àm& cf mfrm|& y fhqbhq k|swhq bc iebihq m|`mbhq oh|`mlme sem viqrm `sy dc|`hqm& m fh asmfbi`hq ohebh mf meafm ceo|cerc `iq`h bcf mfrm|% Biqrmercq ah`h m 17 vm|mqwsqi`hq escqr|m k|mebc lmebc|m bc fm Wmr|im m whwm y fm lmebc|m bc fmah`wmýàm bcf Lc|`cjh m w|hm $cf kéec|h bc biadm lmebc|m qc fh dm vcebibh Qh|imm _iffm \cmf& y lice am|h)%

Mwcemq dmlàm`hq ohebcmbh& vieh bc fm |meadc|àm se k|swirh bc `sjc|cq& cer|c

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37  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 3= 

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3<  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 31

$Qc bcqc`lm|am m rhbhq)

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wc|h m}sà r|mrm`hq bc mfcjm|fc bc fm iebimbm fh `mq }sc ehq oscqc whqilfc%

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Qc }scbñ amffmbh y osc m wcbi| se whah bc mksm|bicerc mf wmb|c Rils|aih& wc|hQh|im fcq bijh }sc ym lmqrmlm ahe fh }sc dmlàm rh`mbh% Fc ahercqrh Riasf}si }scéf eh wceqmlm eieksem ahqm `mfm%%%

Se whah `mq mlmjirh ce bhebc cf |àh oh|`mlm bhq lm||meamq mf fmbh bcf QH semlmjm y fm hr|m `mq mfrm& m`lmq ahe mfksehq m|lhfirhq y `maickmq& ehq bijhRiasf}si }sc fh whekm`hq mffà% Asmebh cf cqrmlm ceric||m vi`hq fcvmerm|qc bccer|c fm `maickm bc fmq bhq lm||meamq `sadhq iebihq m|`mbhq& y Riasf}si ehqk|irñ& -¡Dmqrm `mýmem& `mq mlmjirh& mdà& mdà& mdà

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32 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

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$W|cwm|maiñe wm|m cf ah`lmrc)

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iebihq ri|ce ofcadmq eh mlmebhem|me fhq |c`hq%

$Ksc||m bc Riasf}si)

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 33

bc fm|kh& 3 rc|aimq bc amým dscam bcf k|scqh bcf bcbh adiah y sem rc|aim bc wsermbc se wmfh hqas|h y osc|rc%

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]sc diaicqce ascerm bc cqrm| amzmebh& y mqà fh dmaàme% Fhq iebihq ym cqrmlme

m}sà ce cqrc qcksebh fskm|& wh|}sc cf |àh vm bmebh vscfrmq& y `icer|mq ehqhr|hqam`iem`hq sem vscfrm& cffhq wmqme ce fàecm |carm m mksm|bm|ehq ce cf am|mahf bcfm hr|m%

Cf |àh cq rme mekhqrh }sc fmq ofcadmq qhe `h|rmfcq bc se fmbh mf hr|h bcf |àh&asmerhq `íq m ehqhr|hq }sc rceàm`hq }sc wmqm| jserh m fm lm||meam ce bhebccffhq cqrmlme c`lhqambhq%

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3?  Jsme Jhqé Nhww 

Mercq bc ri|m| fmq ofcadmq hàm`hq qic`w|c se qiflibh ah`h bc se íksifm% Semwh|aiñe bc fhq iebihq cqrmlme bc m amlmffh y fm `myh| wm|rc m wic% Cqrhq iebihq eh

ricece `sadhq amlmffhq wh|}sc qc fhq ah`ce% Ce cqrm qcksebm bcqam|km ehqffcem|he bc ofcadmq wc|h qie dc|i| m embic& y k|iríebhehq fh `iq`h }sc ce fmw|i`c|m% Rm`liée escqr|hq wchecq fcq k|irmlme fh `iq`h m cffhq% Mf bm| fm hr|mvscfrm y cq bc mbvc|ri| }sc mf ric`wh }sc ehq mfcjílm`hq bcf ri|h& hàm`hq mRiasf}si }sc ehq k|irmlm: -¡Dmqrm `mq mlmjirh-& ce cqrm rc|ac|m bcqam|km rm`whahdme dc|ibh m embic& fhq wchecq |h`wàme fmq ofcadmq }sc cqrmlme afmvmbmq ce cfahqrmbh bcf Lm|ah y ce fhq asc|hq y fmq ri|mlme mf mksm% Yh fc bcaàm }sc fmq cadcece fm lhbckm& wc|h Qh|im fhq `mebmlm m }sc fmq ri|ce mf mksm& bc qsc|rc }sc semilm m fm lhbckm y =7 mf mksm& }sc bcqwséq ycebh ehqhr|hq `mq mbcfmerc& fhqiebihq qc ri|mlme mf mksm m |cahkc|fmq wm|m vhfvc|fmq m ri|m| ahe fm wserm |hrm%

Qcksi`hq qic`w|c am`iemebh& cf |àh vceim `sy lice% M fm hr|m vscfrm eh dmlàm`herc& y qc c`lhqam|he ce se bcqam`wmbh& wc|h seh bc cffhq mqh`ñ fm amlczmcerheacq escqr|hq wchecq fcq diaic|he `sadmq ls|fmq& khfwcíebhqc fm lham% Mfbm| fm hr|m vscfrm dmlàm `herc& y ehq diaic|he hr|m bcqam|km& qc fc ahercqrñ ahe 2osqifmzhq% M}sà }scbh dc|ibh bc sem ofcadm A|cai| }sc qc fc afmvñ ce cf l|mzhiz}sic|bh% Mfksehq biace }sc fmq wsermq bc fmq ofcadmq qhe vcecehqmq& wc|h yhqm}sé m A|cai| bhq mqriffmq bcf l|mzh m fhq =4 `cqcq& `icer|mq cqrmlm`hq ceescqr|h amsrivc|ih& qie aherm| hr|mq `sadmq `íq adi}sirmq }sc fc qmfàme& bcasmebh ce asmebh% @icer|mq ilm ws|kmebh fm dc|ibm& cf eh rsvh `mq `cbiah& ei`mq |c`cbih }sc fm w|hvibceaim% Wh| aheqiksicerc fm wserm eh c|m cevcecembm%

A|cai| aheqc|vm fm mqriffm k|mebc }sc yh fc qm}sc y fm ricec m}sà ce qs whbc|%

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Mf bm| fm hr|m vscfrm& rhbh cqrmlm bcqam`wmbh ahe qhfm`cerc se í|lhf bc Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 3; 

mfkm||hlh& y bcqwséq }sc wmqm`hq cf í|lhf ah`h m whah `mq bc sem asmb|m

vi`hq se iebih mr|íq bcf mfkm||hlh y Mfcjmeb|h Qmfm }sc c|m om`hqh ri|mbh| fcri|ñ `icer|mq cf iebih eh `hqr|mlm `mq }sc fm amlczm y fh dizh amc| y qc vih sebcqwm||m`h bc ofcadmq wh| cf mi|c& }sc m fm ascerm fm lmfm bcqwséq bc wmqm|fc fmamlczm fc wckh rm`liée ce cf mrmbh bc qsq ofcadmq y qc bcqwm||m`m|he& mffívi`hq ah||c| m fhq iebihq bc m wié y bc m amlmffh%

Mf bm| fm hr|m vscfrm fm bcqam|km dm qibh mfkh `ceh|& se whah `mq mlmjirh dmlàmse iebih `hzh mf wic bc fm lm||meam }sc c|m mfkh cqam|wmbm y cqrmlm ahe qs m|ahy ofcadm cqahebibhq ce fm `maickm mksm|bmebh }sc wmqc`hq wm|m mqcks|m| m

mfkseh bc ehqhr|hq% Fhq wchecq fh vic|he& y fhq 2 cqrsvic|he fiqrhq ahe fhqosqifcq mwsermbhq mf iebih m `cbibm }sc ehq àlm`hq mac|amebh% Bcaàme m cqrcBhe Wmlfh fc ri|m`hq& eh fc ri|ce& bcaàm cf& fc ri|m`hq& eh fc ri|ce& }sc cqrh c|m fh}sc qic`w|c bcaàm Qh|im% Cf iebih qc w|cwm|m wm|m ri|m| fm ofcadm eh biqrmebh bcehqhr|hq 1 vm|mq wh|}sc fm ah||icerc ehq ffcvmlm ‖ce fmq dscffmq m qi‐& ac|am bc fmlm||meam% Yh vicebh }sc Qh|im eh }sc|àm }sc fc `mrce y }sc cf iebih ilm m fm|km|fm ofcadm fcq k|irc -¡rà|cefc-% Fc ri|m|he fhq 2& eh biqrmebh bc fm lham bc fhqosqifcq mf iebih bhq vm|mq y }scbñ `sc|rh% Mf bm| hr|m vscfrm diac osqifm| hr|hiebih vicjh ahe cf `iq`h cqrifh }sc cf hr|h% Ehq diaic|he hr|m bcqam|km ahewhamq ofcadmq% Mf bm| hr|m vscfrm ehq diaic|he hr|m bcqam|km cqrm osc fm `mq

adi}sirm& fm qéwri`m y sfri`m am iem`hq se whah `mq y ohebcm`hq wm|m wmqm|fm ehadc& wh|}sc ym c|m rm|bc% Cqrc bàm am`iem`hq `íq }sc eiekúe bàm% Cf |àhvicec `sy dhebh& y ahe lmqrmercq r|heahq%

Fmq lm||meamq c|me mfrmq y wh| cqh c|m }sc eh whbàm`hq vc| m fhq iebihq wc|h& qiyh hr|m vcz rsvic|m }sc wmqm| wh| mffà wheb|àm mf lm|ah se í|lhf ahe sem ahom $2=) bc fm mfrs|m bc fmq lm||meamq }sc qc|íe bm =< vm|mq bc mfrh y ce fm wm|rc `mq mfrmbc fm ahom bhq dh`l|cq ahe bhq r|mlsahq& y fcq dm|àm wm|mwcrhq bc asc|h wm|mml|ikh bc fmq ofcadmq& mqà cqrhq eh bcjm|àme m||i`m| m fm lm||meam m eiekúe iebih%Riasf}si ehq k|irñ mf mamlm| fm úfri`m bcqam|km: -¡Dmqrm `mýmem & y eseam

`ceràm%

$Mlm|im)

Wscq ehqhr|hq cqrílm`hq qcks|hq bc fm wmfml|m bc Riasf}si wh| aheqiksicerc fhcqrílm`hq rm`liée bc }sc ehq mr|mamqce ce fhq bhq qmfrhq& ah`h `c bijh m `à%

$2=) Ahom: @cqcrm ahfhambm dh|izhermf`cerc ce cf ascffh bc se wmfh%

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34  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

Ehqhr|hq eh qmlàm`hq }sc rmf whbàme qc| fhq qmfrhq& wc|h wh| adiahq }sc oscqce&qmfrhq dmlàme bc qc|% Yh w|has|mlm fm qmfvmaiñe bcf lm|ah wh|}sc qi fh wc|bàm`hq

dslié|m`hq wc|bibh fm vibm ds`mem ce `mehq bc fhq iebihq% Wh| aheqiksicercbijc m Qh|im& fhq qmfrhq cqríe ac|am& fhq iebihq ehq qiksce wm|m mr|mam|ehq mffà&ehqhr|hq rceb|c`hq }sc bcjm|ehq amc| wh| fhq Qmfrhq& cf Lm|ah cq bélif& wscbcmofhjm|qc mfkúe rm|skh cra%

M `mq bc cqrh& whbc`hq vm|m| ce mfkúe bcqwfmymbh wh| se whah `mq }scamfc`hq bc mksm& y qc| mffà mr|mambhq cra%& wh| aheqiksicerc fc bijc }sc c|m iwm|cac| cadm| rhbh m= mksm bcjmebh qhfm`cerc fh ecacqm|ih wm|m fm aheqc|vmaiñebcf Lm|ah y bc fm vibm% - Sqrcb eh ikeh|m fm bclifibmb bc escqr|h lm|ah wscq eh

cqrm dcadh wm|m am|km| embm y mqà qc|í sqrcb |cqwheqmlfc bc fm vibm bc ehqhr|hqqi dc`hq bc wc|bc|fm wh| omfrm|ehq cf lm|ah-& cra%

Qh|im eh }siqh dmac|qc am|kh bc |cqwheqmlifibmb y mqà `mebh ri|m| rhbh mf mksm&`cehq fh }sc c|m bc ws|m ecacqibmb%

Qc ri|m|he ?7 m||hlmq bc rmlmah bc A|cai|& fmq asmfcq Qh|im qc ah`w|h`criñ mwmkí|qcfmq ahe =< m||hlmq `íq }sc cf `iq`h A|cai| dmlàm |cwm|ribh m fhq wchecqwm|m os`m| y |ckmfmbh m fhq iebihq& rhrmfizmebh fmq ;< m||hlmq%

Qc |cri|m|he rm`liée ?1 zh}scrcq bc `mbc|m }sc r|màm`hq bc `scqr|m bc ?1amfibmbcq bioc|cercq $bc `mbc|mq)& y rhbmq úrifcq%

Qc ri|ñ se k|me `h|rc|h& bhq k|mebc lmrcmq& cra%

Bc fhq asc|hq bc fmq wcrmamq bcf rmlmah bc A|cai|& rhbhq fhq wchecq& qc diaic|hese wheadh wh| }scbm| mqà qsq asc|whq `mq ml|ikmbh bc fmq ofcadmq% Qh|im qc dizhbhq& wh|}sc cf `icbh c|m bhlfc% Jsme @mrmah qc dizh m `hbh bc se adm}scrñe}sc fc biqrmlm bcf asc|wh ah`h sem asm|rm bc vm|m& cqrc c|m `sadh `mq qcks|h%A|cai| qc dizh dmac| wh| Jsme hr|h iksmf& wm|caàme bhq omermq`mq& yh diac bcasc|h sem ah|mzm }sc fm wheàm ceai`m bc fm adm}scrm& fc mlhrhemlm fhq amfzhecqceai`m& y wheàm ceai`m bc cffm cf admfcah& bc `hbh }sc eh qc whbàm vc| &ei `cbmlm ieah`hbibmb mfksem% Eh `c cek|hqmlm `sadh wh|}sc cerheacq c|m sewhah `mq }sc cq}scfcrh& m amsqm bc fm ceoc|`cbmb }sc rsvc% ]siqc }sc fhqhr|hq diaicqce ah|mzmq rm`liée& wc|h `mq m`mlme cf wheadh% ¡Escqr|h lm|ah&¡escqr|h c}siwmjc& ¡fmq ofcadmq }sc rceàm`hq ce cf rcadh bc asc|hq& c|m ahqmbikem bc vc|qc

M fm `mýmem vi`hq m fhq iebihq ce bhq k|swhq ce fm wm|rc bcf EC% Y m Riasf}si 

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 39 

cer|c cffhq% Diai`hq ahaiem| cf rsfwh wm|m bm| bc ah`c| m escqr|m kcerc& yrm`liée m ehqhr|hq% Bcqwséq bc ah`c| ehq wsqi`hq m am`iem| se whah wc|h

dmaàm se vicerh osc|rc y ce wm|rc ehq mr|mamlm m fm lm||meam& mqà dmqrm ceaher|m|se bcqwfmymbh oh|`mebh se lmeah bc m|cem bc fm wm|rc bcf EC% y fm lm||meambcf QH& mfkh lmjirm& bc `hbh }sc whbàm`hq jskm| m}sà ahe fmq ah|hembmq% Bi`hqohebh y ehq bcjm`hq cqrm|% Riasf}si qc mam`wñ ahe qs kcerc mf EC% M sembiqrmeaim bc whah `íq bc bhq asmb|mq& wc|h qc cqahebàme fhq iebihq bc `hbh}sc eh whbàm`hq hocebc|fhq% Bc asmebh ce asmebh vcàm`hq cf qh`l|c|h bcRiasf}si%

Qc wsqh m ffhvc|& y qiksiñ mqà ffhvicebh rhbm fm ehadc% Wh| m}sà& fmq mksmq eh qhe

wc|iñbiamq ah`h m||ilm%

Mf hr|h bàm cf ric`wh c|m ffsvihqh y cf vicerh osc|rc% M fm rm|bc Riasf}si mqh`ñse whah fm amlczm& Qh|im fh ffm`ñ& -¡_ceà dh`l|c& rc bm|é wheadhq& Riasf}siahercqrh& - ¡Ricece amýhecq% Fhq amýhecq cqrmlme ahe fm lham dmaim Riasf}si yfhq bi`hq vscfrm ahe fm asfmrm dmaim éf% Cerheacq Riasf}si qc mqh`ñ m amlmffh&bijh }sc fhq bc fm hr|m lmebm c|me iebihq `mfhq% -¡_hq qhq cf `mfh& fc bcaàmQh|im& -¡Wmrhri cq cf `mfh- bcaàm Riasf}si% Qh|im dmlfmlm ahe sem ds`ifbmbiea|càlfc& Riasf}si dmlfmlm ahe vhz bc `sadh ah|mjc% Cf eck|h Fh|cezh Ofh|cqqc cehjh ahe Qh|im y fc bijh: - Cffhq k|irme osc|rc& k|àrcfc osc|rc sqrcb rm`liée& y qi

sqrcb ricec `icbh& ehqhr|hq fcq k|irm|c`hq% Cerheacq Qh|im fc bijh m Riasf}si: -@i|í& yh qhy lsce wmb|c y dc|`meh bc rhbhq fhq iebihq y qi vscfvcq m ri|m|ofcadmq wckm|é osckh mf amýñe y `mrm|é m rhbhq fhq iebihq%

Cqrh fc bijh ahe rhbm qsq osc|zmq% Cqrc cq cf bcqcekmýh& biac Qh|im ce qs fil|iffh&}sc |cailic|he qsoiaicerc cra% $2<)% Mfcjmeb|h }siqh ri|m| se lmfmzh m Riasf}si yQh|im eh }siqh%

$Mbiñq bc Riasf}si)

Riasf}si qc |cri|h y bcqwséq bc se |mrirh& vhfviñ m mqh`m| fm amlczm y bijhosc|rc: -¡Mbiñq ¡ Ri|ñ sem ofcadm fm asmf qc afmvñ ce cf lmeah bc m|cem& y qc |cri|ñ%

$2<) ‖Mf qiksicerc bàm qc bcqasibm|he se whah fhq iebihq ce bcjm|qc vc| mf bcqam`wmbh y mffà|cailic|he se bcqcekmýh qsoiaicerc wm|m eh vhfvc| m ri|m| `mq ofcadmq mse}sc ehq qiksic|he wh|

fm ahqrm mf bàm qiksicerc ‐ Bim|ih Wmlfh Qh|im% 

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?7  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

  Jm`íq Riasf}si `ceràm y c|m |cksfm| }sc qc oscqc& wh|}sc ehq bijh mbiñq& y ehdmqrm mýmem%

$Bcf Qmfrh bc Iqñ)

Mf bàm qiksicerc cer|m`hq ce sem ameadm fm|km y bc|cadm bc lm||meamq mfrmq% Cf|àh mekhqrh w|hosebh y ah||cerhqh% Asmerh `íq am`ieílm`hq fm ah||icerc c|m`íq osc|rc& dmqrm }sc hà`hq se |sibh osc|rc%

W|cwm|m`hq fmq meafmq& y ffckmebh mbhebc cf |àh bmlm sem vscfrm& ah`h qc vc cecf Wfmeh& mffà cqrmlm cf Qmfrh% Bi`hq ohebh mercq bc ffckm| m fm amàbm bcf mksm%

M}sà cf |àh c|m mfkh `mq meadh y rceim se k|me lmeah bc k|cbm macirhqm mf EC%}sc qhl|cqmfàm bcf mksm ah`h sem vm|m% Ce fh `íq mfrh dmlàm mfksehq |mikhecq%Rceb|í bc fm|kh ah`h =97 vm|mq `íq h `cehq y bc meadh 47 vm|mq bcqbc cfmksm dmqrm fm lm||meam mfrm bcf EC%

Ce cf `cbih h `mq& mf QH dmlàm hr|h lmeah miqfmbh }sc fh qcwm|mlm bc fmlm||meam bcf QH& se amemfirh bc mksm ah`h bc =4 vm|mq bc meadh ce bhebc `mqrceim cqrc lmeah c|me 97 m =77 vm|mq bc fm|kh& y semq ?7 vm|mq bc meadh% Ce cf`cbih c|m fh `mq mfrh& }sc dml|í qibh bcf eivcf bcf mksm sem vm|m y bc mffà ilm

ce biq`iesaiñe dmqrm cf mksm& m `hbh bc wfmym%

Cer|c fhq bhq lmeahq dmlàm se amemf ah`h bc <4 vm|mq bc meadh wh| cf asmf qcbcqahfkmlm cf mksm ahe w|caiwirmaiñe& mf `hbh bc se adiofñe bc `hfieh& c ilm mr|hwczm| cf osc|rc bc fm ah||icerc& ce cf lmeah bcf EC% }sc mvmezmlm o|cerc mfadiofñe ah`h qc vc ce cf wfmeh%

@c masc|bh `sy lice }sc ce fmq =4 h <7 vm|mq bc fm|kh }sc dml|í rceibh dmlàmsem vm|m bc amàbm% Eh ehq mr|cvi`hq m wmqm| wh| `icbh m r|hwczm| ahe cf

lmeah% Ehq bcrc|`iem`hq m wmqm| wh| cf amemfirh& mse}sc dmlàm ce fm h|iffm bcflmeah vm|ihq `hkhrcq bc fm iq`m k|cbm }sc fm bcf lmeah& m `hbh bc wmecq bc 

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi ?= 

mzúam| y }sc cf mksm eh ehq ksqrmlm& wh| qc| bc fm `iq`m k|cbm }sc fm bcflmeah y macirhqm% Cqrhq mekhqrmlme cf amemfirh múe `íq& wc|h vi& }sc dmlàm fskm|

mse}sc mwcemq& ah`h wm|m wmqm|% Ehq bcrc|`iem`hq m wmqm| wh| mffà% Fmah||icerc bcf amemfirh c|m osc|rc wc|h bivibibm ce bhq& cqrh cq rceim m `hbh bcse adiofheairh ce cf `cbih bcf fm|kh bcf amemf y hr|h mf mamlm| h mf bcqc`lham| cfamemfirh ce cf |àh% Wmqm`hq wh| éf& oifíebhqc $21) wh| se amlfc wm|m }sc fm w|hm ehqc `cric|m ce mfkúe `hkhrc& y ahe eh whah `icbh m fhq iebihq%

Cqrc amemfirh ahe <4 dh`l|c ce sem qc`mem& ahe mzmbmq eh`íq& fh wheb|àm cecqrmbh ah`h wm|m wmqm| wh| cf& se lm|ah bc =< vm|mq bc meadh& y sem bc amfmbh%Ce ric`whq bc a|caicerc eh wscbc dmlc| qieh sem osc|rc ah||icerc% Qh|im fc bih

cf eh`l|c bc Qmfrh bc Iqñ%

$Fmkh bc Fs|lc)

Qcksi`hq am`iemebh y mf bm| hr|m vscfrm hà`hq hr|h `s|`sffh bcf mksm%Mwcemq ffckm`hq& vi`hq mf |àh meadh& }sc qc oh|`mlm m `hbh bc sem fmksem& yahe `sy wham ah||icerc bi`hq ohebh& wh|}sc vi`hq }sc `mq mlmjh qc mekhqrmlmcf mksm cer|c bhq lmeahq bc k|cbm macirhqm y oh|`mlm sem osc|rc ah||icerc%Dmaàm se `s|`sffh% Diac m`m||m| se amlfc m ric||m& wm|m oifm|ehq wh| cf% Cqrm

`meihl|m rsvc }sc dmac|fm m}sà& wh|}sc eh whbàm oim|`c bc fhq wchecq& wh| ehqc| cffhq `m|iehq% Ehq oifm`hq y wmqm`hq `sy lice& wscq eh ho|cac eiekúehlqríasfh% Fm bcqa|iwaiñe bc cqrc wmqh cq rmf asmf cqrm ce cf wfmeh% Qh|im fc bih cfeh`l|c bc Wmqh bc Fs|lc%

$21) Bc oifm|& m||im| w|hk|cqivm`cerc se amlfc 

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?<  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

Mwcemq wmqm`hq diac ohebcm|& wm|m bcqmrm| cf amlfc }sc dmlàm`hq m`m||mbh m

ric||m& qc oifh se asm|rh bc fm ambcem y mfkh `mq qie }sc cf meafm dmym rh`mbhohebh& wm|cac }sc m}sà dslic|m se whzh y qckúe `i cercebc|& meriksm`cercbclàm bc dmlc| sem k|me amàbm%

Cf |c`meqh }sc oh|`mlm ehq bcrceàm% Qc bcqmrñ cf amlfc& qc qsliñ cf meafm y qcqiksiñ am`iemebh& cer|c lm||meamq `sy mfrmq kcec|mf`cerc `hershqmq bc`mbc|mq úrifcq% Cf |àh c|m `sy w|hosebh mekhqrh y mfkh ah||cerhqh%

$Jsme Jhqé amai}sc)

Mf bàm qiksicerc qcksi`hq am`iemebh% Fm ah||icerc ym eh c|m rme osc|rc wc|h fmqvscfrmq adiamq ehq vhfvàme m ambc|cm| se whah% @mq mlmjh ceaher|m`hq se iebihahe bhq `sadmadhq ceai`m bc fm lm||meam bcf QH }sc vceim dmaim m||ilm h dmaimehqhr|hq& qmeriksíebhqc% Fc w|ckserm`hq }sice c|m& ehq bijh }sc cf c|m Jsme

 Jhqé $22) amai}sc bc se fmbh y bcf hr|h bcf |àh% Fc biji`hq }sc ehq bijcqc bc }scemaiñe c|m& ehq bijh }sc cf c|m iebih eh`íq%

Fh ahevibm`hq m lh|bh y eh }siqh vcei| wh| `icbh m wmkm| wh| fmq marirsbcq bcfhq bc `íq m||ilm% Fc wsqi`hq ce fm lm||meamq bhq kh||hq y bhq asadiffhq }sc qcosc m rh`m| mwcemq wmqm`hq% Bcqwséq `íq mlmjh vieh m lh|bh y fh vcqri`hq& yqc osc% @mq mlmjh qc vhfviñ m vcei| ahe hr|h }sc bcaàm c|m qs dc|`meh& mf }scrm`liée vcqri`hq y qc }scbm|he m lh|bh m am`iem| ahe ehqhr|hq%

M fm rm|bcairm ceaher|m`hq se k|me lmeah bc k|cbm m fm wm|rc bcf QH wckmbh mfm lm||meam bcf `iq`h fmbh% Cqrc c|m se dc|`hqh fskm| wm|m wmqm| fm ehadc&wh|}sc m}sà ffckmlme lice fmq am|hembmq% Bi`hq ohebh& y `mebm`hq mBh`iekh Adh}sc& ahe bhq wchecq `mq mf lmeah& m ahaiem| l|mzmq% Ce cqrh

vieic|he `íq iebihq& y vieh fm ehadc% Jsme Jhqé ahe qs dc|`meh qc osc|he mric||m& y qsacbc }sc Adh}sc amyñ mf mksm& y r|mq cf qc ri|m|he bhq iebihq wm|mqmfvm|fh%

$22) ‖M `cbim fcksm `mq mlmjh qc mwm|caiñ seh wcqamebh& }sc ieqrmbh m }sc bijcqc bc }scemaiñe c|m& ahercqrñ }sc c|m iebih eh`íq& amai}sc bc fmq bhq ahqrmq y }sc qc ffm`mlm Jsme Jhqé:c|m rhlm& ah`h fh qhe rhbhq bcqbc fm |cbsaaiñe bc Amekmyé dmqrm cf Wm|mksmy& éf cqrmlmi`wscqrh bc fmq has||ceaimq bc m||ilm y eh }siqh dhqrifizm|ehq `mq& w|hlmlfc`cerc wh| dmffm|qcce |cfmaiñe bc m`iqrmb ahe cf Ctacfceràqi`h khlc|embh| bc Añ|bhlm& bhe Wcb|h Oc||é‐% Bim|ihWmlfh Qh|im

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi ?1 

Ahe cqrh qsacbiñ mflh|hrh% Ehqhr|hq a|cycebh }sc fhq iebihq dmlàme bmbh

`sc|rc m escqr|hq wchecq cqrílm`hq ym wm|m ri|m|fc ahe fmq am|hembmq& asmebhvi`hq wh| fm fsz bcf osckh m Em|aiqh }sc qc qcam% ]sc mf eh vc|fh dslié|m`hqdcadh sem `mrmezm rc||ilfc%

Y mqà qc |ckmfñ m fhq bhq iebihq }sc qmam|he m Adh}sc bhq asadiffhq m ambm sehy se kh||h rm`liée m ambm seh%

Mf hr|h bàm ehq bijh Jsme Jhqé }sc ehq ilm mksm|bm| m qs amqm& y ehqhr|hqqcksi`hq m am`iemebh%

@mq mlmjh ceaher|m`hq ce sem lm||meam lmjm m `hbh bc wfmym m Jsme Jhqé ahe`sadm iebimbm bc rhbh qcth& fc |ckmfm`hq asadiffhq& kh||hq& admfcahq& amfzhecq&vm}scrmq $23)& wm|m |cwm|ri| m qsq kcercq% Rm`liée fc |ckmfm`hq se qmah bc `màz&y se mrmbh bc adm|}sc& wscq ym qmlàm`hq }sc cqrílm`hq ac|am bc fmbcqc`lhambs|m%

$Jsme Jhqé acfcl|m fm wmz)

$23) _m}scrmq: Asc|hq as|ribhq

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?2  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

Mf |caili| cqrh Jsme Jhqé ce fm wfmym& mkm||ñ sem a|imrs|irm bc wcadh m sem adiem&y ahe cffm ce fm `mehq fm ahfhamlm wh| qhl|c qs amlczm% Qmfrmlm& ffh|mebh& y

k|irmebh m qs kcerc% Y qs kcerc fh `i|mlm ahe `sadh qifceaih% Cqrm cqacem bs|ñah`h se asm|rh bc dh|m y wsqh fsckh fm a|imrs|m ce ric||m% Ehq bijh m ehqhr|hq>- Dc ceam|kmbh m `i kcerc vivi| qic`w|c wmz ahe fhq qmfrcýhq }sc bme bc ah`c|m fhq whl|cq iebihq `sc|rhq bc dm`l|c& y m fhq wm|mksmyhq ¡lmfm qcýh|%%%

Cqrmq osc|he fmq wmfml|mq }sc ehq bijh cf amai}sc Jsme Jhqé ahe vivmbc`hqr|maiñe bc vc|bmbc|m m`iqrmb%

Bcqwséq ehq bijh }sc cf& ehq ilm m mksm|bm| ce fm whqrm bc Ah||icercq% $Cqrm

whqrm }sc ehq bcaàm Jsme Jhqé bclàm bc qc| se hl|mjc bc `mbc|m bc fhqah||ceriehq% ‖Asmebh |ck|cqm`hq bc escqr|m bcrceaiñe ce cf Wm|mksmy cqrmebh ceAh||icercq bijh cf Ctacfceràqi`h Qcýh| Khlc|embh| Bhe Wcb|h Oc||i m Qh|im m%%%%)‐&ehqhr|hq fc w|ckserm`hq }sc whqrm c|m cqm ce cf Admah& fc w|ckserm`hqasmermq fcksmq dmlàm m fm whqrm& ehq ahercqrñ }sc `mq mlmjirh& ah`h 3 m ? fcksmqy qc osc%

@mq mlmjh ceaher|m`hq sem iqfm adiam y `hershqm bc í|lhfcq úrifcq% Fh `iq`hce fmq bhq lm||meamq% Bcqbc m}sà qc wscbce qmam| `mbc|mq `sy dc|`hqmq% Qh|imbih eh`l|c m cqrm iqfm bc E $%%%%) $2?)%

$2?) Qc r|mrm|àm bc fm iqfm Ýmas|srú%

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi ?3 

M}sà }scbm`hq m wmqm| fm ehadc% M fm `mýmem qmfi|ehq y wmqm`hq ahe cf lm|ah

wh| cf amemf bcf EC% @mebc }sc sem amehirm wmqm|m wh| cf amemf bcf QH y vi& }scfhq bhq rceàme lmqrmerc mksm& cqrh cq& cf `ceh| ohebh qc dmffmlm m ? rc|aimq bcvm|mq%

Mwcemq wmqm`hq fm iqfm ceaher|m`hq ‖bc fm wm|rc bcf eivcf bc mksm& y eh vceim wh| cfmksm mfksem‐% Asmerh `íq mlmjh àlm`hq& fmq lm||meamq ilme lmjmebh `íq& y cewm|rc qc vcàme wfmymq bc m|cem% @íq mlmjh ceaher|m`hq se wm|mjc bhebc cfmksm qc bcqwm||m`mlm y eh dmlàm `íq }sc sem vm|m bc ohebh%

M fm ehadc bi`hq ohebh asmebh ym amqi c|m hqas|h y mf |sibh bc fm ambcem%Hà`hq se k|me mflh|hrh bc iebihq }sc qc dmlàme mqsqrmbh%

M fm `mýmem qcksi`hq am`iemebh y ceaher|m`hq bc fm wm|rc bcf EC% se|imadirh `sy dc|`hqh& r|màm |cksfm| mksm% Yh fc wsqc cf eh`l|c bc |àh Lcffh%

@mq mlmjh ceaher|m`hq se k|me wmf`m|& cf vicerh ehq mr|mamlm& bc `hbh }sc ehwhbàm`hq am`iem|& mqà osc }sc wm|m`hq m}sà%

$Cer|ckm y oie)

Fm mfck|àm }sc khzílm`hq rhbhq c|m iectwfiamlfc wh| dmlc|ehq zmombh bc qc|ah`ibhq mqmbhq wh| fhq lí|lm|hq% Yh wm|riasfm|`cerc qceràm se júlifh ce `iwcadh }sc eh dmlàm w|hlmbh mercq%

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  ??  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

@c bcaàm m `i `iq`h }sc m bcqwcadh bcf a|scf Qh|im& bc fmq ceoc|`cbmbcq& ybc `i k|me r|mlmjh& bm|é oie w|herh m iq hlfikmaihecq& qieriéebh`c ahe vibm%

Yh `c bcaàm& zmom|é `sy w|herh bc `mebm| m cqrhq wchecq& w|herh rm`liéezmom|é bc Qh|im& y ahercerh whb|é |cqwi|m| y |cwhec| `i qmfsb%

Wscq mwcemq bcqc`lham`hq bcqasl|i`hq sem amqm ce fm ahqrm bcf Wm|mksmy& ahecf merchjh vcàm`hq kcerc& }sc eh biqrieksàm`hq qi c|me dh`l|cq h `sjc|cq%Wscq mffí ehq bi|iki`hq& y mf mac|am`hq `mq ehq bi`hq ascerm }sc vcqràme aheadi|iwm y }sc mw|cqs|mbhq cadmlme fhq amlmffhq mf ah||mf% Mbvc|ri`hq }sc qcdmlàme mqsqrmbh& fcq wsqi`hq lmebc|m lfmeam& wc|h ceqiffm|he y biqwm|m|herhbhq% A|cai| bijh - _í`hehq bc|cadh m Ah||icercq% Qh|im `c bcaàm m `i: -¸]sé

biac Sqrcb8& yh fc bcaàm }sc i hlfikmaiñe qc mamlñ ce fm bcqc`lhambs|m bcf|àh Lc|`cjh& }sc cf c|m cf amwiríe y mqà biqwsqic|m%

A|cai| ieqrmlm y bcaàm }sc qi rham`hq mffà& ehq dml|àme bc ceambcem| bc bhq cebhq y dmac|ehq am|km| fmb|iffhq ce `cbih bc fm wfmzm bc fm amwirmf% Qh|im bcaàm}sc rceàm }sc r|mrm| y }sc eh as`wfi|àm ahe qs ah`iqiñe qi eh rhamlm mffà% A|cai|fc bcaàm ‖}sc bc Ah||icercq whbim r|mrm|‐% Qh|im `c w|cksermlm ¸}sc fc wm|cac msqrcb8% Yh }sc `sy lice ahehaàm m Qh|im y fh }sc bcqwséq whbàm qsacbc|`c mamsqm bc qs k|me mvm|iaim qie iksmf%%%%& fc |cqwhebàm }sc& qi qs ah`iqiñe c|m fm bcrham| ahqrmq bcf Wm|mksmy& vm`hq dmaim mffí% ]sc qi eh fh c|m vm`hq dmaim

mlmjh& }sc éf c|m cf amwiríe y }sc éf qhfh qc|í hlcbcaibh% M A|cai| cerheacq qc fhffcvmlme fhq bimlfhq& wc|h wh| fhq wchecq osc m`cemzmbm bc `sc|rc& qi eh qcamffmlm fm lham% Mr|mam`hq qhl|c fm lm||meam bcf Wm|mksmy& mf oiemf bc fmKsm|bim bc Rmffi & }sc rmf c|m cf eh`l|c bc fm amqm& y eh dmlàm se mf`m%

Rhbhq qc dmlàme cqamwmbh wh| `icbh m ehqhr|hq% M}sà A|cai| wibiñ sem amehirmwm|m i|qc m Ah||icercq% Yh eh }siqc wh|}sc eh `c wm|caiñ lice% Bcqwséq bc se

fm|kh |mrh& vieh se qm|kcerh wm|mksmyh m amlmffh m `i|m|ehq bcqbc ceai`m bc fmlm||meam% Qh|im fc bijh: - ¡_cekm wm|m maí dh`l|c& qh`hq m`ikhq eh rcekm 

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi ?; 

`icbh& }sc qh`hq a|iqrimehq& }sc vcei`hq bc Qmfrm Cf wm|mksmyh cerheacq bijh- ¡_cekm wm|m maí sqrcb% Qh|im qc osc mffí& y `icer|mq ahevc|qmlm ffckñ cf mfoé|cz

\úm ahe sehq qhfbmbhq m amlmffh& rm`liée ffckñ cf mfoé|cz Rmfmvc|m ce bhqamehmq ahe qhfbmbhq% Qh|im qc c}sivham wheicebh $ce qs bim|ih) m Rmfmvc|m wh|ric||m y \úm ce fm amehm& wc|h whah i`wh|rm cqh% Cf mqserh cq qmlc| }sc m}sàcer|ckm`hq& wh| `mebmrh bc Qh|im& fmq m|`mq mf mfoé|cz Rmfmvc|m% Bcqwséq bcdmlc| cer|ckmbh fmq m|`mq& ehq }sirm|he fhq |c`hq& y fmq amehmq y ehq aherm|heah`h m aml|mq% Bcjmebh mf mfoé|cz \úm dmaicebh ksm|bim m ehqhr|hq dmqrmescvm h|bce%

‖¡Cqrc cq cf vcerm||he& y fm ah||icercq& y fm _hz& }sc ehq mr|mañ _cme cf fil|iffh bcQh|im& ah`h `icerc o%27 y 2=‐%

‖M}sà dc hlqc|vmbh fm fmfrm wh| `cbih bc rmds|m `cbimem fm mfrs|m bc <?º 4=+ 3<++ Qsbahe fiaceaim bcf mfoé|cz \úm‐%

Cf bàm =9 ehq ffcvm|he cqri|mebh dmqrm Ýc`lsah y ehq wsqic|he ce $  )% M}sàah`à yh se whah bc wme y `c vhfviñ cf adsadh%

M}sà wmkñ Qh|im m fhq wchecq& =< wcqhq m ambm wcñe& `cehq m Qmfksc|h y fhq bhq

ierc|w|crcq }sc eseam fcq bm embm%%% y eh ce Rmffi 

Hadh bàmq bcqwséq& cf mfoé|cz Rmfmvc|m ehq vieh m fcc| fm qiksicerc h|bce bcfQcýh| Qsw|c`h Biarmbh|:H|bce: Bi|íq m fhq }sc amwirmecme m fm lm|am vceibm bc Qmfrm }sc wh| qs marhmr|hz& mr|cvibh& bcqvc|khezmbh& bcqwñriah& c ieqhfcerc& }sc cqhq wiam|hemzhq $2;) bc fhq qmfrcýhq qc jserm|he& ahe cqhq fmb|hecq bc fhq Wh|rcýhq }sc wc|jsbiam|hece rmerhq `iffhecq bc wcqhq m cqrm W|hvieaim& }sc qi }sic|ce vhfvc|qc wm|m mr|íqqc vscfvce y qi eh qc |c`irce m cqrh& qc fcq bm|í bcqrieh& wh|}sc wm|m mlmjh eh

dme bc i|%Qh|im fc ahercqrñ }sc fc c|m rme oíaif vhfvc|qc wm|m mr|íq ah`h i| bc m}sà m fmfsem% Yh fc bijc }sc cqrmlm ceoc|`h& y }sc `c wheàm ce fmq `mehq bc qsCtacfceaim wm|m }sc biqwsqicqc bc i fh }sc osc|m bc qs mk|mbh%

$2;) Wiam|hemzh: Wiam|ñe& wàam|h: Lmjh& |sàe& bhfhqh& omfrh bc dhe|m y vc|köcezm% Mqrsrh& rmi`mbh 

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?4  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

A|cai| w|ckserñ ‖qi whq $cer|ckm|m fmq m|`mq fc |cqwhebiñ }sc cf eh qmlim cerheqcA|cai| $%%%) ‖) Fhq wchecq fc bijc|he }sc fh }sc dmaàme qsq wmr|hecq dmaàme cffhq

rm`liée% Cerheacq `c bijh m `i& -¡H|bcem qs Ctacfceaim }sc fc `mebc sqrcb qsWfme bim|ih-% Qc fh bà y fc bijc }sc qi ksqrm|me fc sei|àm $fmq biqriermq dhjmq }sc fhah`wheàme) wm|m }sc qs Ctacfceaim vic|m cf |àh `cjh|%

Cf Ah`mebmerc `c fh bcvhfviñ biaiéebh`c }sc mqà fh diaic|m y bih wm|rc mfBiarmbh|%

M fhq hadhq bàmq vieh fm h|bce bc }sc qc fc `mebc cf wfme bim|ih% Qc fh `mebc& jserm`cerc ahe cf |cseibh% 

Fhq `mfhq bàmq }sc yh wmqmlm m amsqm bc `i ceoc|`cbmb osc|he iea|càlfcq&dmqrm `c osc eckmbh se amfmlhzh wm|m ml|ikm|`c%

Qh|im& A|cai| y yh mksm|bílm`hq ambm bàm fm qcerceaim wm|m qc| osqifmbhq $úeiahw|c`ih }sc qscfce bm| fhq ri|mehq) qckúe ehq bmlme m cercebc| fhq qhfbmbhq }scehq asqrhbimlme%

M fhq whahq bàmq vieh fm h|bce bc r|mrm|ehq lice%

Cf bàm w|i`c|h bc Cec|h bcf =4<; eh diaic|he r|mqlh|bm| m lh|bh bc sem Khfcrmwm|m mksmq m||ilm bcjmebh c`lm|am| m Qh|im rhbhq fhq adiq`cq bc escqr|h lm|ah&y qmfi`hq ahe bcqrieh mksmq m||ilm% Ffckm`hq m fm Amwirmf& ce fm asmf cqrsvi`hq3 bàmq qie whbc| dmlfm| ahe embic& y qmfi`hq escvm`cerc wm|m m||ilm% Ce cfam`ieh cf lm}simeh r|mjh m lh|bh sem oscerc bc `icf ahe }scqh y `màz rhqrmbh&‖rhbh vcec|h wh| adhadh‐& yh |mlihqh bc `i qsc|rc& y bc `i qmfsb& y mls||ibh ym bcvivi|& ah`à bc cqrh `íq }sc se qmeh% Fsckh `c bih sem oicl|c }sc `c bs|ñ r|cqehadcq y bhq bàmq& y qc `c ah|rñ cf adsadh%

Cf bàm 2 bc Ocl|c|h ffckm`hq m fm _iffm \cmf% Cf bàm 4 cf ah`mebmerc `mebñ lmjm|m ric||m m fhq wchecq bc r|cq ce r|cq y fhq ilm cer|ckmebh m fhq hoiaimfcq bc fmAh`wmýàm }sc fhq ffcvm|he mosc|m% Wh| sfri h ehq dizh lmjm| m ehqhr|hq r|cq&Qh|im& A|cai|& y yh% M}sà qc ehq dizh se |ckiqr|h cqa|swsfhqh }siríebhehqrhbhq escqr|hq wmwcfcq% M Qh|im fc }sirm|he se fil|h bc ascermq& y qs bim|ih& }scce fhq bhq eh mwsermlm `íq }sc fhq k|mehq bc `màz bcf @herc& y sem ahwim bcfievcerm|ih bc qs Amqm% M A|cai| fc rh`m|he semq am|rmq& y m `i fh qiksicerc% Seharmerc dc|`hqh& fmq rmlfmq bc fhq fhkm|ir`hq bc Amffcr& @mam|rc& y Lhkhs|&

m`lhq r|mrmbhq bc eísriam& bhq rh`hq bc fmq rmlfmq bc fhq vicerhq ah||icercq y`m|cq ahehaibhq ce rhbhq fhq `m|cq bcf kfhlh& cf `mesmf bc fhq ré|`iehq 

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi ?9 

`m|iehq& Cf mfkcl|m bc Fma|hiq& M|ir`ériam bc Lczsr& cf ahehai`icerh bc fhqric`whq& cra% cra% fhq `mq }sc m||meañ bc `i mf`m& dme qibh fhq aífasfhq& bc fmq

hlqc|vmaihecq mqr|mfcq }sc dmlàm dcadh%

Bcqwséq ehq ffcvñ m fm viffm& y ehq wsqh ce se asm|rirh m fhq r|cq& y ehq bijhsqrcbcq m}sà qhe fil|cq& |clúq}sceqc& embic fhq `hfcqrm|í ce embm& y qc osc&bcjíebhehq ce fm `mq eck|m qirsmaiñe% M}sà ah|rh `i |cfmaiñe wh| mdh|m& aheqhfh bcai|& }sc c|m qic`w|c wc|qcksibh wh| cf adsadh% ]sc cqrsvc =7 `cqcq ybàmq qie bh|`i| ei bc ehadc y ei bc bàm& =3 `cqcq ‖ahe lsqmq‐& qie dmlc|fmq`c|caibh%

]sc wh| whah fmq _iffciemq `c a|saioiame ah`h fhq iebihq m A|iqrh cra% cra% wm|mcqa|ili| `iq mahercai`icerhq ce _iffm \cmf ecacqirh `mq ric`wh& y asmebh qcmecqa|irhq `c r|mrm|me bc c`lsqrc|h& wc|h qc|íe vc|bmbcq%

Cf bàm =4 bc Cec|h bcf =41=& cf Ah`mebmerc ehq |cseiñ m rhbhq ehqhr|hq& y ehqbcjh h|bce bcf Qcýh| Qsw|c`h bc }sc rhbhq sqrcbcq qc |cúeme y cqrée fiqrhqwm|m c`lm|am|qc mksmq mlmjh% Escqr|m mfck|àm osc `íq k|mebc }sc asmebhbcqc`lham`hq ce cf |àh Wm|mksmy& wscq bc cqafmvhq wmqm`hq m fil|cq& ahe seqhfh marh bc vhfsermb bcf Qcýh| Qsw|c`h% Yh fc bijc }sc ym cqrmlm fiqrh& m fm

vc|bmb lice whah dslic|m bcjmbh%

$Qmfibm bc _iffm \cmf)

Cf bàm 3 bc Jsfih bcf =41= qc ehq `mebñ c`lm|am| mksmq mlmjh%

Cf bàm <7 bc jsfih bcf =41=& ce Ým`lsah r|mqlh|bm`hq mlh|bh bc fm qs`mamAm|`ce& bc fm Qcýh|m Aíebibm @cbiem& wm|m Lscehq Mi|cq%

Cf bàm <1 bcf `iq`h ffckm`hq m Ah||icercq ce bhebc sem vcz ahehaibhq osi`hqlice |cailibhq& wm|riasfm|`cerc wh| cf Ctacfceràqi`h Qcýh| Khlc|embh| BheWcb|h Oc||c& biadh Khlc|embh| cadñ ce am|m m Qh|im cf eh dmlc|fc dcadh qmlc|bc escqr|m ctwcbiaiñe%

$Ffckmbm m Lscehq Mi|cq)

Cf bàm <; bc Mkhqrh bcf =41= ffckm`hq oiemf`cerc mf bcqrieh bcqcmbh wh| rmerhmýhq%

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;7  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

M}sà bijc m Qh|im }sc `c ameacfmqc `i ascerm% @c bijh }sc c|m w|caiqh dmac| sewfmeh bc `c`h|im wm|m bm| sem ibcm bcf |àh Lc|`cjh m fhq maaiheiqrmq& }sc qc fh

diaicqc% ]sc asmebh cqré cadh jserm|í m fhq maaiheiqrmq wm|m wmkm|`c% ]sc ehc|m |cksfm| jserm|fhq ahe fmq `mehq vmaàmq% Fc r|mjc seh& m qs ksqrh& bcqwséq fhwsqc ce fi`wih& y eh dmlicebh }scbmbh rhbmvàm m qs ksqrh fc diac hr|h%@icer|mq bcfiecmlm cqrc sfri`h mbvc|rà }sc `c bmlm ric`wh m kmqrm| `mq wcqhqbc fhq }sc rceim& ‖bc ? rc|aihq bc yc|lm‐% Asmebh mamlé& osc Qh|im m A|cai| y fcw|ckserñ qi yh rhbmvàm rceàm wfmrm% A|cai| }sc fh ahehaàm& fc ahercqrñ }sc cf ym`c dmlàm w|cqrmbh lmqrmerc& y mksm|bmlm }sc éf `c wmkmqc mqà yh fc wmkmlm m éf%- Cqrí lice cerheacq& bijh Qh|im% Se bàm osi y fc bijc Bhe Wmlfh ym cq ric`wh }sc`c fi}sibc `i ascerm% @c |cqwhebiñ cqrmq wmfml|mq& }sc qi yh cercebic|m mfkhbc `úqiam fmq wheb|àm ahe `cjh| rhembm }sc \hqqiei%

S  S Sqrcb cq se whl|c& eh wscbc wfcircm| ricec }sc amffm|qc fm lham%

Cqrc osc `i wmkh% @mebñ m firhk|moim| 377 wfmehq ahe `i eh`l|c ce se |ieañeqie yh dmlc|fc oi|`mbh $cf h|ikiemf)%

Wfmeh mfkseh& `c wsqc m wfcircm|% Ce cf `iq`h ric`wh `c bcrsvc m aheqr|si| sewfmeh bcf |àh Lc|`cjh fh `mq ctmarh whqilfc y r|m`iré se qslqibih wm|m ahqrcm|

fm firhk|moàm wm|m wslfiam|fh% Cqrh eh ksqrñ m Qh|im% @c m||hjñ m sem wc|qhem bc`sadm ceribmb }sc yh fc dmlàm oi|`mbh cf wfmeh }sc cf wslfiañ& qicebh semomfqcbmb wmrcerc%

Dmqrm dh|m eh dc fhk|mbh jsqriaim mfksem% Cq vc|bmb `c wm|cac }sc se whl|cricec }sc amffm|qc fm lham%

Lscehq Mi|cq <2 bc Ml|if bc =41<

Eiahfíq Bcqamfzi%-

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi ;=

RCTRH H\IKIEMF BC BIM\IH CTWCBIAIÑE MF LC\@CJH BC =4<? WH\EIAHFMQ BCQAMFZI& QCKÚE R\MLMJH BCF W\HOCQH\& BHARH\

\MEIC\I BCKFI CQWHQRI%

Cf Bim <7 bc @myh bcf =4<? mamlc bc amfmomrcm| cf Lm|ah ahe cf mstifih }scf+m|ksemhrm Bhe Qh|m `c bih bc mfkse rmerirh bc `mrc - vcme qs fil|iffh yvc|me ohjm =< }sc cf rhbh fh dm cadh& wc|h js|h }sc `icer|mq yh r|mlmqmlm&Qh|m amlifmlm ah`h whb|í mac| wm|m cadm|fh wc|bc| rhbh y lhflc|qc m Qmfrm ¡ 

$Qc cadm cf Lm|ah m fmksm)

Oiemf`cerc ffckñ cf bàm bc `i bcqk|maim& cf bàm rc|ilif bc `i vibm& bim }scbcqbc cerheac& eh qcerà ce `i fm qmfsb wc|ocrrm }sc mercq rceim& cqrc oie cf bim<= bcf `iq`h ce }sc cf Lm|ah m fmksm% M fm m`mecac| bc cqrc bàm bijc m Qh|m}sc iqicqc ffmem| cf am`ieh }sc cf mlim cadh ce fm lm|meam wm|m cadm| cf Lm|ahm rmksm& }sc c|m `sy `mfh& `icer|mq yh m|im whec| fhq wmfhq }sc mlime bcqc|vi| wm|m cadm| cf Lm|ah m fmksm rhbhq bc sek|hqh| y ffmehq& }sc mqi cf bcliflm|ah i|í m fmksm qie oh|qckcm|fh& `c |cqwhebih }sc if Lm|ah bc i|m m fmksm&¸ dh}sc cf bimlfh m bc qc|8%@c ffcec bc ahfc|m y `c |cqhfvi m }scf bim `h|i| `mq lice }sc lc|`c ce fm

am|qcf bc Qmfrm ahe `i dheh| wc|bibh wh| se s`l|c ieom`c wsqc bc lmqhmf Lm|ah fhq wmfhq lice ceqclmbh y ahe mwm|cjh wh| fm w|hm fh r|mlm`hah`h m jsbmq& ierc|rmerh ilme vieicebh `sadm kcerc mlc| cadm| cf Lm|ah mfmksm& vieh Bharh| Fsam A|cai|& y Bhe Jsme Nie Ah`wmec|hq& cqrhq sfri`hq`c mysrm|he m fmwm|cjh }sc mllim wscqrh bc whwm& mqrm }sc qrmvm cf lm|ah m fmh|iffm bc fmksm wm|m bm|fc cf sfri`h ri|ñe% Qh|m `c mlmebheñ rhrmf`cerc& cw|cwm|mrhqi ahe k|mebcq m`cemqmq& bijc yh mfhq wchecq }sc `c ffcvmqce semeafhrc ceqi`m bc sem iqfm bc m|cem dh lmeah }sc cqrmlm ce `cbih mf \ihwm|m m`m|m| se amlfc i lm|m| cf Lm|ah mffm ce amqh }sc yqicqc mksm& wscqeiekseh }siqh i| rhbhq qc dmlime wscqrh ceqi`m fm lm|meam ahe Qh|m m`i|m|&

y fiqrh }siqí mw|cebc|`c m `à se ce amqh bc mqc| mksm cf Lm|ah wscq yh `cwsqc fmea|hrh ce `i cqwmfbm| y fh ffclc ecf lmeah cadmebh`c m fmksm rhbhqsbmbh `icer|mq @c|fh }sirmlm fhq mwm|cjhq bcf Lm|ah%Bcwm|mrh mqà cf lm|ah wm|m bm|fc fsfri`h ri|he rhbhq qc wsqic|he ceqi`m mffmlm|meam m`i|m| mffí ml|m mvibh }smebh `ceh bhaicerhq h`l|cq rhbhq m`i|m|&yh se wmqh mfm bc|cadm bc w|hm ce fm h|iffm bc fmksm y @c|fh bc whwm m fmiz}sic|bm i fhq bhq |cwhqmebh ahe cf h`h mf Lm|ah wm|m `hvc|fh }sc bc wh|qimlice amomfmbh m fmksm wscq }sc cqrcvm lmqrmerc ce bcafivc wc|h eh whbàm`h`hvc|fh% Qmfré mlh|bh ceqi`m fm aslic|rm& y vscfrh m rhbhq fhq m`i|mbh|cqoiqqmebh m Qh|m js|c `h|i| `if vcqcq `mq mercq }sc r|mlmqm| ahe cffhq& wh|adé

`cqh| cq `h|i| }sc r|mlmjm| ahe sqrcbcq%

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Qmfrñ m ric||m `c lhim w|hm m `i wfmqm y k|ibé> @c|fh bmfi& |c`whqñ @c|fh |c`whqcyh y`hli`hq sermerirh& y lieh ah|icebh cf Lm|ah& ilm yh m|iqkh bc }scbm|`c ahe

fmq wic|emq bc lmqh m fm w|hm bcf Lm|ah wscq }sc mlim }scbmbh wckmbh wh| mr|mqce fm l|cm& wc|ñ fikc|h wsqc se wié bc|cadh ecf ahqrmbh bcf Lm|ah ahe%oh|qm `cbcqwcksc y `c fmeqc m fmksm qcahebm vcz rhbh qsbmbh y ffceh bc mome%

$Amikh ceoc|`h)

Cqrmebh cf Lm|ah y yh ec fmksm k|irm|he rhbhq cqrh ceqic`m h m fmksm |cwcribmqvcqcq& y qcffheh bc kcerc& yh fc w|ckserc qi mlim mksm mbcer|h `c ahercqrm|he }scc|m qcah fh `iq`h }sc ceric|m% Qh|m hyh cqrh bc $%%%) fm lm|meam y qc wsqh cer|cm`m|iffh y vc|bc y qc osc mf |meadh& y aheqhfmbh bc `i r|mlmqh `c qsli mllh|bh

y vi }sc c|m rhrmf`cerc qcah% C|m ym fm sem `czzm bcfm rm|bc y eh `c mlimbcqmyhembh rhbmlim& `c osi mf |meadh wm|m ah`c| ahevibc A|cai| y Nie& r|mjc|hefm ah`ibm y yh eh wsbc ah`c| qc `c osé fmksm& wcbi se whah bc mksm|bicercrh`c se r|mksirh& y }scbc se |mrh ehqc ah`c y `c ami ecf qscfh ah`h `sc|rh&`c wsqic|he ce qi`m bc se rmlfmbh bc m}scffhq }sc cf bioserh Ofmebcq mlàmr|mirh mffi% Bhe Jsme Nie bikh m A|cai| cqrc qc `sc|c fh `iq`h }sc ofimebcq% Qh|mhaswmbh m qc|ivi| m Qmfrm m Bhe _iarh|ieh Qhfm m Bhe Merheieh Ah|ecjh caa%Bmebhfcq wmrc bc}sc cf lhksc qc cadñ m fmksm ahe fm ocfiaibmb bc eh mac| semkhrrm bc mksm& y biaicebhfc }sc fc `mebce fm kcerc bc fm r|iwhfmaihe& y`hqr|mlm ce qsq am|rmq `hadh ahercerh `icer|mq rceim se mksbh whemf ecf

ah|mzhe& @c|fh qc osé m H|me m wm|riaiwm| ahe qsq M`ikhq cf ahercerh bcf Lm|ah%

$@iq bcqvm|ihq)

M cf bim << m fm rm|bc ah`ceqc m biqwc|rm| bc `i fcrm|kh wc|h biqvm|imebh`hadh& ahe `iq bcqvm|ihq Qh|m ahehaiñ bc }sc yh fh mlim wcecr|mbh mqrm mohebh& wh|}sc ce cqrc cqrmbh mlfmlm fm lc|bmb& bcaim yh @c|fh eh `c bcqc mqrm cf`h`cerh bc escqr|m qmfibm& vcq }sc Qh|im `c mlmebheñ qhfh& S% qmlc }sc cf}sc|àmm qmfi| ahe cf \ih a|caibh& y ricec `icbh bc qmfi| ahe cf \ih lmqh y vcq }sc`c mlmebhem wm|m }sc cadc m wc|bc| rhbh y asfwm|`c bc }sc eh c|m amwmq% S%

qmlc rm`lice }sc cqrc $ ) wiceqm k|mekcm|qc fm cqri`maihe ahe cf wsclfh% S%qmlc ah`h mqwi|m m qhqcbc| m M|cemfcq% @c|fh cebhebc cqrm eh `c mlmebhecIfc|fh& ffckm @c|fh bc H|me y `c mffm }sc qhfh cevhamvm m cf y }sc fh w|ckmvm m eh`c mlmebhem| }sc `c rsvicqc wicbmb& }sc qic`w|c mfm lm|im qs eh`l|c& y fc}sc bm|àm k|mrh wh| qic`w|c% @c|fh `c aheqhfmlm wc|ñ embm cercebim qcksim ce`i bcqvm|ihq lmrribh bc sem osc|rc amfcerh|m% Qh|m rhbh fh hym y qc fh ffclmlmefhq bc`heihq& eh bsbh }sc `c slicqc }sirmbh fm vibm qi eh slicqc mvibh }siceqcm% @c|fh bcqwhcq rhbh `c fh ahermlm%

$@i bcq`myh mlh|bh)

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi ;1 

Cf bim <1 m`mecaà mfkh mfivimbh w|ckserc wh| cf Lm|ah `c bijh @c|fh }sc mffàcqrmlm y }sc eh mlim cadh sem khrrm bc mksm& bcqcmlm i|`c mlh|bh wc|h eh

whbc mqrm fmq heac& }sc maahiewmembh wh| @c|fh `c osà& `c aheqhfmlm bc vc|fhqcah& wc|h eh whbim khqm| bc `i haeqscfh& qc `c hlqas|caih fm viqrmbcq`mymebh`c y @c|fh `c ffcvñ mf rmlfmbh& am`m w|caihqm }sc eh hflibm|c

 jm`mq%

$Qc c`lm|ame fhq $ ) mlh|bh)

Cf bim <2 m fm y bc fm `mýmem `c qcerà mfkh mfivimbh `c osi m lh|bh bcfLm|ah ahe @c|fh% Eieh Qh|m `c bijh }sc c|m w|cqiqh ffcvm| cf Lm|ah m Wiqm||h$}sc mqi qc ffm`m cf fskm| }sc Qh|m ffm`h Wmfam bc Qh|im)% Bcqc m @c|fh }sciqicqc c`lm|am| rhbhq fhq r|mqrcq mlh|bh m`cehq fhq wmfhq wm|m mac| fhq|c`hq }sc eh omfrm|í |c`hq qi `c `cqh|mqc& wh| m dh|m mi qhoiaicerc ahe 2 sehc|m `sy k|mebc wm|m qc|vi| bc ri`he%Cf bim <3 m`mecaàh km|hmebh& `mebh Qh|im vm|ihq ce Wiqm||h wh| ric||m wm|mw|cwm|m| fmq |cqcq wm|m mqc| cf adm|}sc wm|m fm w|hviqihe bcf vimjc& y `c bijhm `i hy c`hq bc i| m Wiqm||h dh cf bimlfh m bc qs fcq biqc yh ahe }sc kcerc&`c |cqwhebih c`hq bc i| m Wiqm||h dh qc||í cf bc`heih%

$Qh|im }sic|c }sc wic|bc cf Lm|ah ce fmq rhqamq)

Mffi cqrmlm @c|fh& cf amfmomrc Km|aim& Wcb|irh ceoc|`h Qh|m& y bicq yebihq@mrmahq& y yh }sc bcqbc cf bim <7 eh mlim w|hvmbh se lhambh bc ah`ibm eiqi qi}sic|m @mrc qhfh ahe `i `mf `c mfi`cermlm& ei sem khrrm bc mksmamficerc% cf a|scf }sc|àm }sc `h|icqc dh cadm|m mwc|bc| cf lm|ah ce fmq rhqamq}sc mi ecf bcqc`lh}sc bcf \ih Qrm% @m|im dh ce fmq wicb|mq }sc mi `mqmlmqirh mercq bc ffckm| m Wiqm||h }sc ffm`me wmqqh bc Qmebhm& cf lm|lm|h qcyh `c `h|im slic|m biadh ahe cqrc ilm y ahe hr|h eh }sic|h& qi qc wc|bàm cfLm|ah slic|m masqmbh m `i bc ceqsoiaicerc y `c slic|m cadh `h|i| ce semam|acf& wc|h mseadc yh c|m `mfh Bihq eh `c mlim rhbmlim mlmebhembh%

$Qmfkh wh| Wiqm||h h Wmfcm bc Qh|im)

Wscq ce cqrc cqrmbh `c osi mlh|bh& iqc bcqmrm| cf Lm|ah i ahe se amlfc mw|hm yhr|h m whwm mqim khlc|em| cf Lm|ah wh| fhq =7 yebihq }sc cqrmlme ec fmksm y mqifh mqim ffclm| ascqrm mlmjh& }sc eh `c c|m whqilfc bc hr|m `mec|m& aheqc`cjmerc kcerc% Qh|m ilm bc whwm m w|hm& bc w|hm mwhwm wm|caim }scr|mwmqmlm ah`h se k|mebc `m|ieh& y `c c`l|hffimlm cf lh}sc y `iq

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;2   Jsme Jhqé Nhww

qceribhq fcq bcaim qhqickscqc `i|c }sc qc dm bc |comfm| }sc fm ahvic|rm cqrmceqcvmbm y `hjmbm y qc fm qri`c|í S% `mq qc mflh|hrmlm cerheac& ahe qsq lhrmq

ah||icebh m}si mfi mffm & amqsmf`cerc qc |comfm ecf wh|riffh bc fm w|hm ahe semwic|em mbcer|h& y iqh o|cerc ahe fmq ahqriffm% rmf osc cf khfwc }sc eh qc wmqcmlm`mq%

$\ih Qmerm @m|im)

M fm ehac m`m|m`hq cf Lm|ah m fm lm|meam qc|}sirm bcf bcqc`lh}sc bcf \ih Qrm%@m|im& mlicerh am`iembh cqrc bim ah`h se }sm|rh bc fcksm% M fm ehadc qic`w|cqcksim km|hmebh y ce m}scf cqrmbh bc ceoc|`cbmb c|m rhbhq `hjmbh y ehrceim

ml|ikh wscq fm aslic|rm eh c|m amfmomrmbm% Fhq yebihq qc}sc|ime i| y mosc|qm bcm`cemqmq }scbm|he& cf amfmomrc qc qamwh% Wcb|irh qic`w|c ceoc|`h& biqc m Qh|m}sc `mebc wh| mfkse wche A|iqrimeh wm|m whbc| wmqm| fmq rhqamq& `c |cqwhebih&Am|mqh c`hq bc i| m Wiqm||h dh qc|í cf bc`heih% Aieah bimq qhe ym fcq biqi }sceh rmlm S% fm lhebmb bc `c qhah|c| ahe se whah bc mksm rilim }sc qcm& i|c`hq mWiqm||h y eh wiceqc }sc yh wic|bc cf Lm|ah bc m}si m Wiqm||h y qi yh `sc|hrceb|í Sb% }sc iesfr|m|qc ecf Admah y mffm yh `h|i|c ahe `i ceoc|`cbmb wc|hS% rm`lice `h|i|í wh| omfrm| yh mlh|bh%

Cf bim <? m`mecaih fh`iq`h cqrh cq km|smebh& cf Lsce @a|fh mosc|zm bcctcasrm| ahe fm amehm k|mebc }sc rceim`h `i `mebmbh ffcvmebh $%%%%) m}si m fi ymffm wmqm`hq fmq rhqamq bc Qrm% @m|im qc yqh bc`mqimbh rm|bc wm|m wmqm| fmqwicb|mq bc qmebsm y mqi cqrc bim am`iem`hq ah`h 177 esbhq eh`mq& ym`m|m`hq cf Lm|ah m fm lm|meam% Bitc m @c|fh }sc `c mkm cf lice bc mac| osckh&wc|h eh wsbh }sc rhbh c|m `hqmbh& }sc|àm amfcerm| mksm ahe se whah bc mzsam|wm|í mac|`c sem qhwm bc kmffcrm cadmq qie fcvmbs|m $}sc mqifmq `mebh Qh|m maa|ce jsjsi wh| fh `hadh }sc yh fc ieqrc bc }sc }scbm kmffcrmq mlh|bh) y mqi ahecqrmq kmffcrmq `c iqc sem qhwirm ahe mksm o|im bcf \ih y se whah bc mzham|& yah`i bc cqrm se wh}sirh& cq $%%%) |milfc fhq hlqah|cai`icerhq bc viqrm }sc `cbmlme%

Cf bim <; m`mecaiñ afm|h y wmqc fmq wicb|mq bc qmebsm%

$Ffckmbm m Wiqm||h)

Cf bim <4 wh| fm `mýmem ffcksc m Wiqm||h biqrmerc ah`h bhq }smb|mq bcf 

bcqc`lh}sc bcf \ih k|mebc bc jsjsi Qh|m qc osc cebhebc cqrmlme fhq ahqrhbcqbc fm |cqcq m fm biqrmezm bc `cbim fcksm wherh `mq ac|ameh wm|m whbc| am|ecm|

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi ;3

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;?  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

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$_ceibm bc A|cai|)

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Ecf C}siwmk

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi ;; 

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;4  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi ;9

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`i Wfme%

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 47  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

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wm|m ri|m| m sem qc|imf& y w|hvm|`c }sc rmf m|riffc|h c|m yh& y ahe cf |sibh c|m|ckhfm| }sc hycqce fhq }sc ehq mksm|bmlme& fmq wicb|mq }sc wsqc ce fm am|hembm 

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 4= 

fmq r|mi|m`hq mlh|bh bcqbc qmebsm& wh|}sc cebhebc cqrmlm`hq eh mlim ei semqi eh m|cem y omekh%

Am|kmbm }sc osé rh`c wserc|im m se hlkcrh& y ahe se ri|he biqc m se wche }scbicqc osckh& wc|ñ rslh `icbh biqc m hr|h }sc bc osckh rm`lice rslh `icbh y mseh mseh fh biqc m rhbhq& mqrm A|cai|& y eiekseh }siqh mqc|am|qc }sc qcm& biosckh yh y bi ce fm qckemf%

Amýhecq rceim`hq wc|ñ eh m|riffc|hq%

@mq rm|bc qc yqh hr|h ri|h& y wmqh fh `iq`h& y vicebh }sc embic vim-`hqc`lim`hq sem amehirí ahe a|cai| y bhq Wchecq mqrm fm jserm wm|m }sc bc mffmoscqce fhq bhq wchecq mf wscqrh bc @mb|ikmf mviqm| }sc ym mlim`hq am`iembh`mq bc fh qcýmfmbh y }sc rceim`h `icbh bc wmqm| `mq mlmjh& bc ehadc ymlhfviñ fm amehm& y ehq `mebm|he bcai| }sc am`iem`hq `mq qie bcqahoimezmmfksem }sc bc w|caiaihe mlim`hq bc wmqm| cebhebcq cqrmlme y }sc mlime hybhqfmq amehýmqhq wc|ñ eh whbime lcei| wh| cf lmýmbhq%

CI bim =4 wh| fm `mýmem ehq whqi`hq m am`iem|& y mwham biqrmezm ce aher|m`h m@mb|ikmf m amlmffh& y cf \ih }sc mlim |hrrh mffm bc|cadm y wh| mffi ilm fm `myh|wm|rc bc fmksm% `mebc ahe sem amehirm m|cahehac| cf amhqc vickh y rceim whammksm y `sy bcqwm|m`mbm& `mb|ikmf rm`lice ehq bikh }sc qhfm`cerc wh| m}scfamemfirh whbim`h wmqm| ah`h cocrilm`cerc wmqm`hq& y rc`w|meh ffckm`hq mfwscqrh bc @mb|ikmf& m }si mlim sem lm|me}sirm bc rc|ceh oi|`c mf fmbh bcfwscqrh dh mf 47% Wserh seiah }sc m`i `c wm|caih lsceh wm|m oiqm| secqrmlfcai icerh& wh|}sé cq ce rc|ceh oi|`c y cf \ih bcqbc cf `hq}sirmf m fm Wmfamcq ieemvckmlfc y bcqbc fm Wmfam m }si m se }sc sqmi wicb|mq ehq cq embm lsceh&

y eh qc mbcfmerm|im embm ahe i| mqrm fm Wmfam& wh|}sc mffm cf rc|ceh eh cq oi|`c& ycf am`ieh wh| i| m Qmfrm cq `mjh| bcf fmbh bcf qsb bcf \ih bc Jsjsi }sc bmf Eh|rcwh|}sc bmf Eh|rc cq ieah`hbh wh| fhq `hadhq \imsadhq }sc mi& vcmqc cf Wfme%

@mb|ikmf cq bc fhq qmfrcýhq cf `mq ac|ameh m fhq yebihq dh cer|c ehq `iq`h& ceqs amqm rceim qic`w|c bivc|qhq @mrmksmyhq& y `mrmahq& ahe qhq adiemq& ehqhr|hqecacqirmlm`hq bc ierc|w|crc& mfh`cehq @mrmah& wc|h eiekseh bcfhq yebihq }scmlim ce amqm bc @mb|ikmf }sc|àm vcei|& m se }sc Bhe Merheieh }sc c|m cfAh`mebmerc bc fm O|herc|m bc Qmfrm bc m}scffm wm|rc& }sc fm ffm`me bcf \ih bcf

_mffc& fcq |hkmvm `hadh& bcaime cffhq }sc fh yebihq bc `mq mlmqhq cqrh cq fhqrhlmq fcq mlime bc `mrm|& viqrh `mb|ikmf }sc eh ceaher|m`hq eieksehcerc|w|crc ehq biqh adc cf rceim se dijirh }sc qc mlim a|imbh cer|cq fmq

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@mrmksmymq }sc rceim ce qs amqm y }sc mlfmlm fm fceksm bc fhq yebihq @mrmahqy @mrmksmyhq }sc cq sem `iq`m& wc|ñ }sc cf `hadmadh c|m bc `sy wham cbmb&

ehq hr|hq ah`liem`hq ffcvm| mf `hadmadirh `mq lice }sc embm& y Qh|im iqh semaher|mrm m @mb|ikmf bc wmkm| ? wcqhq `ceqsmfcq m cf wh| qm dijh mqrm vhfvc|qcfh%

Mv|í rceibh cf `hadmadh  mýhq bc cbmb& bc se emrs|mf amffibh ah`h fhqyebihq& yc|m yebih ecrrh cf rm`lice wc|ñ bc fhq A|iqrimehq bc Qmfrí ahe cqrcierc|w|crc mlim whah }sc aherm|%

$Se yebih vicec bc ierc|w|crc wc| fm wmwcfirm ie amlih bc bhq Ycksmq)

_ieh se wche mviqm| m Bhe Merheieh }sc Jsme yebih @mrmksmyh y }sc mlfmlmcf Cqwmýhf lcec|im bc ierc|w|crc ahe rmf }sc cf fc bicqc se wmwcfirh wm|m }sc cfqm|kcerh E fc cer|ckm|m fmq bhq ycksmq }sc cf rh|eh m fhq Rhlmq& Bhe Merheiehfh iqh ffm`m| mf `h`cerh y fc biqh Jsme mebmrc wscq s`l|c }sc ksmebh vscfvcqrc bm|é fm wmwcfirm wm|m }sc cf Qm|kcerh rc cer|mksc bhq ycksmq& y rc |ckmfm|c yhahe se wieadh bc lmycrm ahfh|mbm& y Qh|m rc wmkm|c m ? wcqhq `ceqsmfcq&ahercqrñ cf yebih& qrm lsceh Qcýh|% _cme fm ieocfiqibmb bc fhq yebihq dh fmqi`wfcqm cqrc whl|c qmfih ahe fhq Qmfrcýhq m wcfcm| aher|m fhq Rhlmq }sc }sc|ime|hlm| m fmq cqrmeaimq o|herc|izm& y ce fm wcfcm Jsme `mrh bhq Yebihq Rhlmq

`hermbhq ce ycksmq& y mkm|ñ fmq bhq ycksmq% y bcqwhcq cqrc qm|kcerh fhqcer|c`lc|ñ ahe qsq mei`mfcq y eh }siqh cer|ckm|fm m Jsme wh| }scbm|qc ahecffmq& y Jsme ahe rmf }sc cf Ah`mebmerc fc bc se wmwcfirh wm|m ahl|m| qsqycksmq vieh cf whl|c m||shfm|qc cf rm`lice / Bhe _iarhbeh lhfvih m ieqrm| mQh|m wm|m `sbm| h }sirm| m }sc ffmq wmfml|mq bc fmq Cqwcbiaihecq& W|hrctibm wh|rhbmq fmq W|hvieaimq seibmq bcf \ih bc fm Wfmrm biaicebhfc Bhe Wmlfh rhbmlimcqrm`hq m ric`wh wc|h Qh|m eh fh aheqierih& m fm ascerm }sc|àm }sc qc bcafm|m|msem ksc||m wh| qs wc|qhem& y mqi qc| eh`l|mbh mf `hebh Bhe _iarh|ieh fcq bithmfh`ceh ffcvc se wfckh bc cqrc Khlic|eh }sc yh fc mqc bc |cah`cebmaihe wh| cfbcf Wm|mksmy& eh fh }siqh rme whah%

$A|scfrmb bc Qh|im)

CI bim =9 ym ehq w|cwm|m`hq wh| bm|ehq c fmbihq bc rhbhq% Bhe _iarh|ieh Bithmf Bhe Wmlfh& mivm Bhe Eiahfmq `sy ceoc|`h y eh ffcvm S% ei se whffh wm|mmqcbc amfbh& wh|}sc eh `mebm S% ah`w|m| whffhq y kmffiemq& yh hy cqrmqctw|cqihecq y cer|cvi }sc bmlm `sy mk|mbcaibh m Bhe _iarh|ieh wc|h cfikeh|mlm fm wc|qcasaihe }sc Qh|m `c dmaim% Qc mac|añ Qh|m m `i y `c bith ú ú éBhe Eiahfmq%%% }sic|c%%% S%%% }sc  qc%%% ah`%%% w|c%%% whffhq  wm|m  dmac|fc 

amfbh%

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 41 

@c iqh qhli| fm qmek|c& y `cbih m fhambh fc ahercqrc ahe `sadm |mlim& Qmlc S% fh}sc mi& cq }sc }sic|h yh }sc ehq vmym`hq bc sem vcz `mq mlmqh& yh qi `c bc

`h|i|& fh `iq`h cq amfbh bc adm|}sc }sc amfbh bc whffh% Cf lm|lm|h h|mw|ckserm bc mqc|`c8 fhq whffhq vmfime m `cbih |cmf ambm seh& y eh c|m w|caihwm|m bcqm| bc ah`c|fh asmerh `mq wm|m mac|amfbh m se ceoc|`h% Bhe _iarh|ieh}scbh mb`i|mbiqi`h bc cqrh& y fh `iq`h fhq hr|hq bhq Qcýh|cq% Jm`mq chfvibmbhq cqrmq ctw|caihecq& ei a|ch fmq ml|me hfvibmbh fhq hr|hq r|cq Qcýh|cq&ahe fhq bc`mq ai|ahqrmerc%%%%wscq }sc osc|he fmq sfri`mq& y ehq bcqwcbi`hq bcrhbhq y ehq fm|km`hq ym m escqr|h mvcers|mbh vimjc ahe << wc|qhemq mlh|bhcer|c lscehq y `mfhq%

$Qmfibm mf Admah)

Am`iem`hq ahe cf \ih |cksfm| Lsceh mqrm fmq heac bc fm `mýmem& }sc iqc m`m|m|cf Ls}sc m fm Lm|meam wh| ah`ceqm|`c m bm| cf o|ih% ahe fhq rc`lfh|cq bcfadsadh y ce qcksibm fm amfcers|m rme osc|rc }sc `c maií bcqvm|im| rhbhq fhq bimq&rmf c|m fm osc|zm }sc `c qmasbim% y `c bs|mlm cqrm `cbim ehadc wmqmbm%

$Qh|im @cbiah wh| `mrm|`c)

Cf bim <7 Qh|m qc |cqhfvih bm|`c se vh`irivh bc rm|rm|h c`criah% yh rm`lice `c|cqhfvi m rh`m|fh& y mqi eh am`iem`hq embm cqrc bim A|cai| ahe fhq wchecq qcwsqic|he mac| r|cq |c`hq bc qmsqc wm|m cf Lm|ah% Ceqi`m bcf vh`irivh rh`c sewhah bc amfbh bc `hrc wh|}sc cf bc adm|}sc fh mlh|cqim ceqr|c`h& y cq `syamfibh& fm amfcers|m cqrc bim `c bih `sadh `mq osc|rc%

Mf m`mecqc| bcf <= qcqñ se whah fm amfcerh|m& qh|m `c |cacrñ hr|h vh`irivh& m fmascerm }sc|àm bm| oie ahe `ikh& yh m`hbh bc bcqcqwc|mbh& bcqcmebh ah|rm| filhbc `i vibm `mq mercq }sc wmbcqc| `mq& rh`c rhr|h vh`irivh& y eh qswc ah`h

wmqc m}scf bim%

$Ehrm) Fhq yebàhq qc mb`i|me `sadh bc fmq h|bcecq }sc fhq A|iqrimehq bme wh|cqa|irh y fmq mw|caime `sadh%

M`mecaih ah`h cf bim << y mercq bc rh`m| }sc qcm se k|meh bc `mrc& rh`c hr|hvh`irivh& ah`h yh whbim qc| qc wscbc i``miem|%

$@c w|cwm|h m `h|i|)

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42  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

Cf bim <1 A|cai| qcwsqh m am`iem| y Qh|m ilm fcvmermebh cf wfme& dh `m|amebh cfas|qh bcf \ih ym bc `i eh cqwc|mlme embm& qieh }sc cqwi|mqc% Yh ce `i ah|mqhe

`c ceah`cebmlm m Bihq ym eh rceim hr|h |cah|qh& rceim w|cqcerc rhbhq `iqbcqvm|àhq& y fhq hfr|mjcq }sc ceah`wmýim bc fhq i`wihq diqc mf Qcýh|& m }si cecqrc cqrmbh wcbi m Qme Jhqé oscqc `i wmb|ieh& y fc bitc ahe rhbh `i ah|mqhe& }scqc yh whbàm qc| srif rhbmlim m `i w|hti`h `c aheqc|vm|m `i vibm y mfivimqc `i`mf& wc|ñ }sc qc yh slic|m bc qc| wc|jsbiaimf bs|merc `i vibm mf w|hti`h& h|ciqicqc ctwi|m| bc sem vcq& y w|cqcerc|ñ `i mf`m mf Qcýh| wibicebhfc wc|bhe bcfmq hoceqmq }sc fc iqc cra%

Fh|ceqh Qmfksc|h diqh amoé wh| Qh|m& y A|cai|& y bc cqrc `c r|sqh se whah m `irm`lice }sc fh rh`c& `mq rm|bc `c aceri se whah `mq |cqwi|mebh& y wcbi mQmfksc|h `c diqicqc ré `c fh diqh& y fh rh`c ahe mfksemq |hq}scrmq }sc fhq r|cqQcýh|cq ehq mlime bcjmbh jserm`cerc ahe cf ré y amoé%

$@c qcerh mfkh mfivimbh)

M fmq =< rhbmvim eh `c mlim bmbh ec qc|imf bc adsadh mfkh `c qcerim mfkh `cjh|hr|h whah bc ré ahe mfksemq |hq}scrmq& m fm sem `c biñ amfcers|m eh rme osc|rc yqie bm|`c o|ih& mercq bc mehadcqc| `c qc|ñ fm osc|zm bc fm oicv|c% A|cai| `mebhm`m|m| cf Lm|ah%

Qh|m }siqh mlfm| ahe `ikh bcf \ih wc|ñ yh bcqvm|imlm `sadh& y ce cqrhqbcqvm|ihq `c cehqmlh `sadh ahe Qmfksc|h wh| qs wc|cqm%%

Cf bàm <2 m`mecaà mfkh `cqh| Qh|m `c `hqr|h cf wmwcf cebhebc mlim `m|ambh cfah|qh bcf \ih ah|ibhmyc| vi }sc cf \ih vceim lice& y rhbh ce-r|c m|cem& fcq bitc mQh|m }sc qiksc mqi }sc qc yh `cqh|m|c se whah& ah|cki|c cf wfme& y }sc w|has|cmwserm| m ambm vscfrm bcf \ih cf $%%%%) ohebh% y fm amfibmb bc cf%

Bcqm`m|m|he mf Lm|ah i A|cai| qcksim am`iemebh& y Qh|m `m|amebh cf ah|qh bcf\ih ym cf Lm|ah yvm `sy lsceh y cer|c m|cem& y `sy `meqh% m fm ehadcm`m|m|he cf Lm|ah yh `c qceri `sy mfivimbh fm amfcers|m cqrc bim eh `c bihosc|rc& `i mfi`cerh c|m rc& yqh amoé ahe |hq}scrmq%

Cf bim <3 rh`c hr|m ws|km bc jmfmwm& A|cai| y Qh|m qiksc|he m am`iem| ah`h fhq

hr|hq bimq% M fmq 2 bc fm rm|bc ffckm|he ce se wmqqmjc }sc cf \ih mlim |hrrh cermse qmsqmf y wh| mffi ce se amemfirh qc ilm rhbm admksm bcf \ih bcqmebh 

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 43 

rhrmf`cerc qs amsqc licqh& Qh|im biac ce qs fil|iffh ohjm =2 ah`h fm `irmb bcfmksm eh qc masc|bm|mq }sc fm amehirí }sc celic wh| cf asmqc licqh eh ceaher|hmksm wm|m wmqm| i qc mvscfrh& cfmksm m fc`lsambh|m bc cqrc amemfirh cer|mlm m`hbh bc se osc|rc adiofhe y cer|c fhq qmsqcq }sc mlim bc|s`lmbhq mqim seosc|rc |sibh% Mf `h`cerh }sc A|cai| hyh cf |sibh `mebh bm| ohebh m fmea|m& m}si eh qc mr|clic|he m wmqqm|& yh cqrmlm ahe fm amfcers|m wc|ñ cqrc bim `c dmbmbh `mq filimeh }sc bim mfkseh& `c ffm`m|he }sc icqc myc| se whah qs viceqi`m bc aslic|rm m `i|m| m }scf Qh|m `c biqh qi `c mei`mlm m wmqm|& fcq biqc}sc eh& wc|ñ }sc qi `mýmem `c qceri|c mfkh mfilimbh w|has|m|c y mqi }scbm`hqm wmqm| fm ehadc m}si%

$`hbh bc rh`m| fm }siem)

Cf bim <? wh| fm `mýmem rh`é ah`h sem hezm bc }siem ce whfvh& ce mk|ih bcfi`he& y ce mksm|bicerc osc|rc& cqrm rh`m cq sem y cf qswc|ih|& mf whah |mrh `cmffc ls|madh& y rh`c ré%

$Am`ieh wh| bclmqh cf wscerc bc Qmsqc)

M fmq 9 bc fm `mýmem `mebc m `m|m| se amlfc m se qmsqc se whah `mq m|ilm bcfm c`lhambs|m bcf escvh amemfirh& wm|m whbc|ehq oifm| m whah mwhah& y ehce|cbm|ehq wh| fhq qmsqcq& `mebc qmfwm| c|mea|m& y ehq oifm`hq wh| cf adirfhe& y`sy l|cvc ehq yqi`hq fil|cq bcf adiofhe& y bcfiv|cbh bc fhqqmsqc%

Cf Amemfirh c|m `sy w|hosebh& y bc meadh ah`h bc =< mqrm <7 vm|mq fhq qmsqcqbc cqrc qmsqmf c|me kcec|mf`cerc ecf r|heah bm ? m 4 wsfkmbmq bc bim`cr|h& fhq}sc c|me amibh bm fm bc|cadm |cwhqmlme wh| fhq |m`hq y wserm ce fm lm|meam bcfm yq}sic|bm& y fhq amibhq bc fm yq}sic|bm |cwhqmlme ce fm lm|meam bc fm bc|cadm&bc `mec|m }sc oh|`mlme se wscerc amqi aheriesh& fmq lm|meamq rceime bc mfrhah`h bhq& mbhq y `cbim vm|m& y ahe cf Lm|ah wmqmlm`hq bc bclmqh& bc fhqqmsqcq& c`wm|rc mfkse |m`h ehq cqrh|lmlm y fh ah|rmlm`hq ahe meadmq& mqiam`iem`hq ah`h bhq `ifimq y bhvi`hq escvm`cerc ecf amsqc vicjh bcf \ih yceaher|m`hq ce cf }sc ah|im rmerm mksm ah`h wm|m |ickm| sem admam|m% Qh|im biqc}sc am`iem`hq ah`h `cbim `ikfim& y cqrm `sy c}sivhambh& wc|ñ ah`h Qh|m ehqmlc }smerh cq sem `ikfim wsbic|m }sc mkkm bmbh wh| bi`ceaihec mfm `ifim cfbhlfc bcf fm|kh bcf amemfirh ce cqrc amqh cf amemfirh eh cq `mq }sc `cbih `ifim&

vcmqc qs fil|iffh ohjm =2%

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4?  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

$bcf rsfws)

Se whah `mq mlmqirh wm|m`hq wm|m ahqiem| rsfwh ahe adm|}sc& y `hrc wm|mah`c|& yh `c ah`im fhq |hq}scrcq ahe cf rc& Qh|m cf bimlfh qc fh ffclmlm ambmlhambh }sc `c lcim r|mkm|& bcaim m A|cai| }sc Bhe Merheieh y Qhfm& y h|emadcm&fmq mvime |ckmfmbmq m cf wc|h m `i whah `c i`wh|rmlm bc qsq mlfibs|imq fmqaheqibc|mlm ah`ibm `mq filimeh wm|m `i }sc cf Rsfwh $Rsfwh cq sem whfcerm bcm|iem bc `miq& ksmebh fm m|iem cq bc `miq rhqrmbh qc mqc cf rsfwh ahe mksm o|im& yksmebh cqrc sfri`h mqc bc`mqimbh fi}sibh qc ffm`m rsfwmbm% wm|m cqrm ah`ibmqc ecacqirm fm bikcqrihe bc se lhymksc y eh bc se ceoc|`h)&

Cqrc bim `c dm bmbh lmqrmerc cqri|hecq& y mfm ehadc se whah bc amfcers|m& bc`mec|m }sc vm|iñ se whah fm ceoc|`cbmb qckemf bc qmem|& wc|h eseam wsbcaheqcksi| fm qsb& ws|}sc& rceim }sc rh`m| Qhf y ksmebh ceksmebh Qc|ceh cra%rm`whah cf mfi`cerh c|m lsceh bc `mec|m }sc bcqbc m}si ce mbcfmerc `c bmlmfm amfcerh|m bc ehadc y bc bim `c bmlme sehq cqri|hecq eh`mq& y mqi ffcvmvm sema|sz ahribimem& bcbim r|mlmqmebh y bc ehadc ahe `i `mf%

Mercq bc ffckm| m fhq Hlc|hq ceaher|m`hq se \ih }sc bczc`lsamlm ecfLc|`cqh }sc wm|caim |ckhfm| k|mebc& eh qmlic`h }sc |ih wsbim qc|& cf \ih bcf

_mffc qmlim`h }sc cqrmlm `mq mlmqh& ksqkmlm`hq m lcqcq }sc oscqc mfkse l|mqhbcf `iq`h lc|`cqh& }sc `mq m|ilm qc slicqc bivibibh y qc ehq slicqc wmqmbhqie vc|fh& wc|h cqrh bcjmlm `sadh }sc bsbm|& m }sc cq cebhebc Qh|im biac qc| fmyqfm k|mebc qs fil|iffh ohjm

$Bcf \ih qhrc|mech)

Fhq }sc m`i `c wm|cqc @mq w|hlmlfc cq cqrh% Cf \ih K|mebc bc jsjsi ceo|cercqilc|cm ricec `mq mksmq }sc ecf bcqc`lh}sc& ksmebh bclic|m rcec| `hadm `mq

wh| fhq biooc|cercq |imadhq }sc bcqmksme ce cf c`hq ehrmbh }sc mf mqc|am|qc m fm  jserm dh Wmfam ilm mwhamebh fmksm& y ksqkmlm`hq cerheqc }sc bclim fmksmoifr|m| cer|c fm m|cem& y rcebc| qic`w|c m qs eivcf ecf Lc|`cqh% Yh rcekh `syvivh ce `i `c`h|im& }sc ecf bcqc`lh}sc bcf \ih K|mebc bc jsjsi ce cf bcRm|iqm eh mi fmksm }sc ricec cf \ih bc Qme Fh|cezh qhfm`cerc% Cf mksm omfrmbcqbc `sy qc|}sirm m fm Wmfam y m se}sc `mq m|ilm rcekm whah osebh& cf \ih cq`mq meadh& }sc ecf bcqc`ls}sc cqrm m Qh|m `mq }sc m embic bcqmlm ahe fmlham mlic|rm% yh ehrc }sc mf mqc|am|qc m fm wserm cf ohebh c|m bc m|cem lfmebm yqc ceomekmlm ce cffm ah`h qi slic|m qibh omekh y wh| fh rmerh yh eh wscbci`mkiem| cebhebc mikm ibh cf mksm bcf \ih K|mebc bc Jsjsi qieh `mq m lmqh& y

qckse `i cf \ih }sc ceaher|m`h cq fmksm bcf \ih K|mebc bc Jsjsi }sc bcaim`hoifr|mlm cer|c fm|cem yh }siqic|m lc| cf Rc|ceh wh| mffi wm|m ksqkm| oiqm`cerc cqh 

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 4; 

Fh aic|rh cq }sc cf mksm bcf \ih K|mebc ce mfksem wm|rc m bc i| mbm| wh|}sé cefm Wmiam eh licec qieh se wh}sirh

$bc fhq hlc|hq)

`mq mlmqh ceaher|m`hq |cwceriem`cerc mf bm| sem vscfrm ah`h bhaicerhq dhr|caicerhq yebihq bc rhbh qcqh y cbmb wcqamebh ce fm h|iffm bcf \ih }scbm|herhbhq cffhq qh|w|cebibhq y mqsqrmbh ehqhr|hq bi`h ohebh m fmea|m wm|m mlfm|ahe cffhq y |ckmfm|fhq& wc|ñ mf |sibh bc fm ambcem qc oskm|he rhbhq& fhq iqi`hqffm`m| ahe escqr|h ierc|w|crc wc|ñ ei ahercqrmlme& whah bcqwscq vieic|he bhqseh yebih y sem adiem rme vicjhq }sc fc ksqkmlm`hq bc =37 mýhq wm|m m|ilm&

`m|admlme ahe qs lmqrhe& c|me ah|lmbhq y rceime c fcqwiemqh cadh ah`h sem|ah& eh qc lcim ce cffhq }sc bhq cq}scfcrhq ahlic|rh bcf wcffcqh& rceime rhbhq qsqamvcffcq& y qie sem amem& qc ehq w|cqcerm|he rhrmf`cerc bcqesbhq ahe fmq `mehqrmwmebh qsq vc|ksceqc& y qie m|`cq& qckemf bc wmq& ehq bitc|he }sc cffhq lc-eime ce eh`l|c bc fhq bc`mq m c`wfh|m| escqr|m m`iqrmb& }sc cffhq c|me fhqHlc|hq& fhq |ckmfm`hq& ahe se wm| bc amfqhecq ambm seh& y sem adm}scrm& y sekh|h ahfh|mbh& se ahadiffh& y sem ksmiam bc vib|ih $}sc rhbmq cqrmq ahqmqr|mim`hq mf w|hwhqirh wm|m |ckmfm| m fhq yebihq y k|mekcm|ehq qs mb`iqrmb ahe|ckmfm|fhq) y fcq biti`hq }sc c|m`hq m`ikhq y }sc ffm`ce m fhq bc`mq }sc}sc|im`hq |ckmfm|fhq& qc osc|he y `sy w|serh vhfvic|he ahe fhq bc`mq }sc

|ckmfm`hq m mfksehq eh m rhbhq& mf Amq}sc ahe w|coc|cezm m fhq bc`mq& eieksehbc cffhq rceime m|`mq y rhbhq wiermbhq hlc|h y wh| cqrh }sc fhq ffm`me hlc|hq&}scbm|he rme ahercerhq }sc ehq |ckmfm|he se ah|bc|h `sy c|`hqh y }sc|ime|ckmfm|ehq `mq wc|ñ ehq fc }siqi`h mb`iri| }sc eh bitcqce }sc wh| ierc|cq fc|ckmfmlm`hq& y qcksi`hq m am`iem|%

Cq w|caiqh qmlc| }sc yh eh rcekh w|cqcerc fhq bimq oiqhq }sc mebmdm`h ce fhqwm|cqcq }sc qic`w|c i|c bcehrmebh wh|}sc qc `c osé bc fm `c`h|im& yqhfm`cerc ahe `i wfme bim|ih }sc Qh|m osé m cer|ckm| m O|meaim Biarmbh| bcf

Wm|mksmy riei|im sem |cfmaihe czmarm y rm`lice cq w|caiqh qmlc| }sc bc ehadc eham`iemlm`hq eseam%

]smerh `mq amliemlm`hq `mq mlmqh& ce aher|mlm`h `hadhq yebihq wcqamebhbm sem y hr|m wm|rc& ym cffhq qmlime }sc ehqhr|hq |ckmfmlm`hq m fhq yebihq&wh|}sc fhq hlc|hq fcq mlime mviqmbh& y cffhq mlqh bc `mq mlm-qh y mqi ah|iñ fmehrizim mviqmebhqc seh hr|h mqrm mf oie bcf Admah% Cqrhq yebihq Wcqambh|cqmwcemq mwcemq ehq lcime& mkm|mlme cf `cjh| wcqambh }sc rceime& y ahe cf cefm`meh qc ri|mlme m fmksm mf ric`wh }sc ehqhr|hq wmqmlm`hq wh| o|cerc bc cffhq&y vceime mf ameqmebhehq cf wcqambh& fc rh`mlm`h& y fc |ckmfmlm`h se asadiffh&hr|hq ceaher|mlm`hq ce fm h|iffm ahe ah|bc|hq }sc mksm|bmlme& }sc wmqmqc`h&wm|m mqc|eh w|cqcerc qsq ah|bc|hq& m mfkheh fc |cqclim`h& y mfkseh eh fc

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}sc|m`hq |caili|& y fhq whl|cq ah|ime ahe qsq ah|bc|hq ce fm h|iffm bcf \ihqiksicebhehq bc |caili| qsq w|cqcerc m vm|ihq fhq |ckmfmlm`hq ahe ahadiffh qie

|caili|fc embm%

$@hbh bc wcqam|)

Qsq `hbh bc wcqam| cq cqrm qsc|rc% Wfmerme ec fmksm ce fm h|iffm bc fm wfmym dhLm|meam semq cqrm}sirmq oh|`mebh se qc`iqi|ahfh bcjmebh mf fmbh bc mlmqh cqrhcq mf fmbh hwscqrh m fm ah||icerc sem mvc|rs|m amwmq bc cer|m| se wcqambh& cqrcqc`iqi|asfh rceb|í sem vm|m bc bim`cr|h ksmebh `sadh& mffi mbcer|h whecmemfkh bc ah`c| wm|m fhq wcqambhq& y cqrmebh cf wcqambh mbcer|h qic|me fm wsc|rm

y mkm|me cf wcqambh% Rm`lice mkm|me `sadhq wcqambhq ahe fm ofcadm% Ce bhebccf \ih mqc bcqwfmybhq mqce hr|hq wcqambc|hq ahe cqrmamq& cqrhq rceb|me ah|eh =3m <7 vm|mq bc fm|kh y dh ? bc meadh oh|`mebh se am|mahf dh m`hbh bc semvhfsrm& fhq wcqambhq qc cer|hbsace ce cf am|mahf bc fmq cqrmamq y mffi qc mffmeme|cbmbhq y fhq yebihq fhq mkm|me mffi%

Amqi rhbh cf \ih cqrm ffceh bc wcqambc|hq% Cf \ih cq `sy mlsebmerc bc wcqambhqy cacfcercq% wm|riahfm|`cerc& cf wmaú y cf bh|mbh& cra

$Bc fhq wihqhq)

Mfkhehq bimq mqim vicerh o|cqah bc `mec|m }sc ehq mr|mamlm m fm Lm|meam dh m fmwfmym& y eh whbim`h am`iem|& y mqi ehq hlfikmlm m `m|m|ehq& cf vicerh qic`w|cqhwfm bmf Cqrc mf Qsbcqrc% Se bim cqrmebh mqi m`m|mbh& `c qm}sc fm am`iqm wm|mvc| qi c|m qifiaih& dh }sc rceim& wscq eh c|m wham fm ah`mqhe }sc `c bmlm y mffcce cffm }sice fh a|cyc|m sehq wihqhqhq rme k|mebcq y r|mqwm|cercq }sc wm|cqimeserh qie qmf ffm`é m A|cai| y fcq bitc Bhe Fsamq& k|i`mfbhq rcec`hq qc|imf bc`sadm mlsebmeaim& }sc cq cqh `c bijh cf& |ckiqr|c qs am`iqm fcq biqc yh fh vc|mq&

yh `c wsqc m ahe-rm|fh wh| `c bivc|ri|& y fh `iq`h A|cai|& yh m fhq 2; c|m fm}scerm& y m`-lice A|cai| ahe fm `sadm |ciqm y |mlim c|m fm }scerm% Qh|m }sc ehqvcim |ci| y |mllim| w|ckserh }sc cq cqh% A|cai| fc ahercqrñ Bhe Wmlfh rcec`h`sadh wiham y biti Bhe Eiahfí }sc qikemf bc `sadm mlsebmeaim% Qh|m qc }sirñfm am`iqm y fm biñ m Qmfksc|h wm|m }sc fcq wmqm|m |cviqrm c|m ffcem y rme lfmeahqah`h fm amlcqm bc Qh|m%

Escqr|h c}siwmkc c|m cqr|mibh bc fm ah|acf bc Qmfrm& y bc mffm ehq r|mjme cqrmqc`iffm }sc bm cf `if wh| seh c`l|cvc ric`wh% Wm|m escqr|h wchecq c|m sem

`m`mbm }sc qc fh ah`ime& y ahe }sc k|maim& wscqqc qc wheime ah`h sem bhzcemce fm wmf`m bc fm`meh y ahe fm wserm bc fm fceksm fhq ilme |mahjicebh seh m

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 49 

seh& y fhq wheime bc bclmqh fhq bicercq mqqicebhfhq |clcerm| mffi wm|m rh`m|fc cfqmlh| ahe rmerm k|maim }sc c|m amwmq bc mqc| fmeqm| mf `iq`h bc`heih& yh eh

wsbim qso|i| bc vc|fhq ah`c| y fhq |crmlm% A|cai| `c bcaim Bhe Eiahfí bcjm }scfh ah`m qi mqi qhe rhbm fm wc|smem }sc qi ah`m fm wihjm cqrh ahadieh%

$Adieadie mlh|bh)

Se bim bm fm wm|rc bcf Q%H% se yebih mamlmffh ehq ffm`m y qcwhec mbc|ieqiffm| qsamlmffh y qhfrmebhfh y qh se mrmbh bc |cambh& eh qcýmfñ }sc }scbm lcei| mlh|bhfh |caili`h& c|m qhvce y bc sermffc c|`hqh& escqr|hq cerc|w|crcq }sc ecf mlfm|wm|cqime `sbhq& mwcemq whbim`hq cercebc|fc }sc bcaim c|m dijh bc Adieadie y

}sc cf c|m adieadie y bc fhq yebihq Adhehwicq& y @m|imeh y am|rmq& y ehcercebim`hq `mq& am`iem`hq mqrm cf r|m`herm| bcf Qhf }sc ceaher|m`hq sebcqwfmymebhq `sy meadh bc wham mksm y ohebh bc ric||m& m}si }scbm`hq mwmqm| fm ehadc%

$@m|imeh r|mc Am|rmq)

Whah bcqwscq bc slqas|cac| bc ri||m ehq k|irm seh lscem ehadc lscem ehadcQcýh| Amwirme y fm ah`wmýim& hfí biji`hq }sc amqrcffmehq qhe cqrhq& Adieadieehq bith @m|imeh am|rmq wmwcfirm& fcq bhvi`hq ehqhr|hq rm`lice fm lscem ehadc&y ehq bijh `mebce fm amehm ceric||m }sc yh qhi @m|imeh y fc r|mykh Am|rmq bcBhe Merheih y bc Bhe _iarh|ieh& mf `h`cerh fcq `mebm`h fm amehm wm|mr|mc|fh mlh|bh& qc c`lm|añ ce fm amehm ymkm|ñ cf fm wmfm y ce se `h`cerh viehmllh|bh ah`h cf `cqh| `m|ieh% r|mim bhq am|rmq sem m Qh|m y hr|m m`i% BheMerheih qa|ilim m Qh|im y Bhe _iarh|ieh m`i& biadm am|rmq ricec O|meaim ecfWm|mksmy& yh `c masc|rh }sc Bhe _iarh|ieh `c wcbim sem ahwim bc rhbh fh }scmlim hlqc|vmbh mqrm m}si wc|h Qh|m eh }siqh }sc fc`mebc ahwim bcf wfme y mqi`c |cbsai ce `mebm|fc qhfm`cerc cf |iqsfrmbh bc `iq hlqc|vmaihecqmqr|heh`iamq& bc biooc|cercq wserhq& y `i wm|cac| qhv|c cf \ih mqrm cf bim }sc fccqa|ili }sc osé `mq mlmqh ah`h qc vc|í ceqcksibm%

$Bc @m|imeh bc Adieadie y bc fhq Amqi}scq)

_m`hq m`m|im`h% C|m cqrm yebih bc fhq Adhehwicq y amqi}sc& dh viac Amqi}scwh|}sc cf Amqi}sc fckiri`h c|m cf Adieadie }sc rceim`h mlh|bh dijh bcf bioserhAdieadie k|me amqi}sc bc fhq Adieadiecq dh Adhehwicq }sc rhbh cq seh& cqrcbioserh Amqi}sc ahe qsq wham kcercq qc iqh rc||ilfc m rhbhq fhq yebihq bcf Admah&

y iqh k|mebc m`iqrmb ahe Ah|ecjh& fhq dijhq bc fhq Amqi}scq qhe c|cbc|h ecf`mebh& y bc aheqiksicerc cf khvce Adieadie }sc rceim`hq mlh|bh c|m cf

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Amqi}sc& wc|h @m|imeh wh| qc| yebih bc `mq cqwc|icezm mv|í `mebmbh cf%

$Am`ieh bcqbc fm Cq}siem K|mebc mf Wm|mksmy wh| Ric||m)

Ehq ahermlm @m|imeh }sc cf mercq ksmebh fhq Rhlmq bc Qme Lc|em|bh yAmekmyc c|me `meqhq qc ilm wh|ric||m mqrm mf Wm|mksmy m ffcvm| `sfmq mvcebc|bclim |hlm|fmq m fhq Qmfrckehq wh|}sc ei cffhq ei eieksehq bc fhq mlirmerc bcadmah ricece cqrmeaimq fc w|ckserc }sc am`ieh ffcvmvm wh| i| mf Wm|mksmy& `cbcaim }sc wh| fm h|iffm bcf Lc|`cqh mqrm m Ýc`lsah cf am`ieh cq `sy lsceh& y}sc mvcqcq ilm bcqbc Amekmym bc|cadh m fm Mqseaihe wmqmebh cf \ih Wifah`myhy }sc ce cqrhq vimkc eh cadmlm `mq }sc =7 m == bimq& y qie am`iem| bc ehadc& y

ycebh mf r|hrc& ehq bcaim rm`lice }sc cf ym mlim cqrmbh m Ah||icercq& m Qmerm Oé&m Lscehq My|cq m Wmrmkheim m Ah|bhlm& m @cebhqm cra% Fcq bcqim yh bcqwscq bcmyc| mebmbh rmerh ric`wh cer|c fhq A|iqrimehq ah`c qc vceim m vivi| mffi& bc fmqri`m }sc rcekh m`iq Wmiqmehq `c |cqwhebim%

Fc w|ckserc ah`h qc mvim viqrh ahe Bhe Merheieh `c biqh }sc fh mlimceaher|mbh ce fhq qic||hq bc Qmerm Lm|lm|m& y mffi mlime cqa|irh& y fh `mebm|he mcf wm|m }sc ehq m ah`wmýmqc mqrm cf aheoie bc qs ric||m }sc cq mqrm mf wmfh qmerhy ehq |mah`cebmqc mfhq Amqi}scq bc `mq mlmqhq qsq m`ikhq& }sc c|me bc fhq

@mrmahq bc fm hr|m lmebm cqrh cq bcf E%C% wh|}sé ce qcksibm bc cf mf `iq`h fmbhbc cf dh bc Qh qiksce fhq Hahfiq& y ahe cqrhq eh qhe m`ikhq%

Fc w|ckserc cebhebc cq fm Cq}siem k|mebc& `c biqh }sc bmebh m }scf fm vscfrmbcf \ih mffi cqrmlm y }sceh mlim }smr|h asmb|mq bc biqrmezm& y }sc mffi rceim qs|meadc|im k|mebc& y ecf wmfh Qmerh rceim hr|m `mq adiam bc ksm|bim m fhq Hahfiqwm|m }sc eh vcekme m amqm| ce qs ric||m%

$Am`ieh bcqbc fm Cq}siem m Am`whqmerh)

Fc w|ckserc ce }smerh bimq ilm bcqbc mffi m Am`whqmerh `c bcaim }sc ycebh bcqwmzih r|cq bimq wc|ñ }sc ce bhq mlim ibh `sadmq vcqcq& y adc c|m am`ieh `sylsceh%

Cf \ih bcqbc fm Wmfam mqrm m}si& cq se am|mahfch wh| rhbhq qceqhq& y ambm vscfrmcq `sy adi}sirm& bc`mec|m }sc& qmvcfmq wh| i| mksmq m|ilm qhe }smqi iesrifcq& mse }sc cf vicerh cq ce whwm $o% 1?)% Mf wmq| fmksm bm sem vscfrm m rhr|m qcbcqwm|m`m y eh ricec `mq }sc bhq rc|aimq bc vm|m bc oñebh& cf rc||ceh cq `si

lmqh y m|ceiqah& eh ricec lm|meamq qieh wfmymq& ambm a|caicerc dh ambm mýh cf \ihqc `hbm y qc vm wh| bhebc qc fcq merhjm& fmq bhq `m|kcecq bcf \ih qhe ffcemq bc 

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 9= 

amsqcq vicjhq wh| bhq }smfcq wmqqmlm cf \ih mercq y ksiqmq vscfvc|m mwmqm| cemfkhehq bc cffhq ksmebh qc fc merhqm% Fhq qmsqcq y wmqm|hqlhlhq qh| fhq m|lhfcq

}sc haswm| cf rc||ceh i`cbimrh mf \ih& ce bhq amsqcq `mq vicjhq qhe fhq qmsqcq`mq mfrhq }sc ce fhq amsqcq }sc mqc `ceh ric`wh }sc fc wmqqmlm cf \ih bc`mec|m }sc qc vc cer|c fhq m|lhfcq ah`h amffcqhecq }sc wm|cqce cadhq ahe m|rcq%y qhe viqrmq `sy c|`hqmq% ]smebh cf \ih cq a|caibh mi `sadhq bc cqrhq amsqcq}sc cekmým|he m fhq }sc emvckm|he wh| mffi& y mf lmjm| cf \ih qc mfim|he ahe qsqlm|ah ahe rhbm omaifibmb biqrmercq bc cf bm bhq& dh r|cq fcksmq& dh lice bm sefmbh dh lice bm cf hr|h bcf \ih%

Rmfcq qhe fmq iesebmzihecq ce fmq a|caicercq& wh|}sc eh mi rc|ceh }sc Qskcrc

cfmksm wh| cqrmq iesebmzihecq }sc Qh|im ffm`ñ m cqrhq fskm|cq Escvh Ckiwrh&wc|ñ qs eh`l|c vc|bmbc|h qc|im bc _m|imlifc bc fm ah`wsqrs|m }sc ricec cf \ihec mlfm|c m fm oie bcf |cahehqi`icerh% Bcqbc fm Wmfam mqrm m}si mv|c`h vm|mbh bm177 vcqcq%

Mfm `mýmem ehq whqi`hq wm|m am`iem| y vm|m`hq& ceohebh bc ric||m& yqc i|rhbhq fhq wchecq m fmksm wm|m }sc qc mfilimqc cf Lm|ah y fh |c`wsqmqce mqrmwmqm| m }scf whah osebh }sc c|m `si l|cvc fm biqrmezm wm|m ffckm| m fm hebs|m&wc|h fhq wchecq eh fh whbime `hvc|& ksmebh }sc ce hr|mq wm|rcq }sc vm|mvm`h&cer|c fm ah|icerc }sc ah`im fm m|cem bc bclmqh mf Lm|ah y fh }sc fh wchecq

|c`wsqmlme wmqqmlm`h `sy w|serh mffm sebh|m% Yh m}si `mebc mf wchefmeb|h }sc a|hqm|m rhbh cf \ih m wié ah`h qhfim mac|fh ce`sadmq wm|rc ksmebhvm|mvm`h y ahehac| m qi lice fm mebh|m bcf \ih m}si c ecf `mq hebh fc ffckmlm cfmksm mfm |hbiffm mwcem% W|ckserc m @m|imeh qi rhbmlim m vim bc lmqm| `mq& `c|cqwhebih }sc ecf `cq bc Mkhqrh Qcrrc`l|c y hrrhl|c Wmqqmebh cf \ih mffi fmksmfc ffckmlm qckhe qcýmfh se whah `mq m|ilm if $%%%) bcf wié dh ah`h sem }sm|rm bcvm|m cqamqm> fc w|ckserc& qc bc mffi sebmlm cf \ih ce hr|mq wm|rcq& `c bijh }sc eh&fsckh m}si cq `sy omaif ah`whec| cf \ih wm|m bm|fc sem hebh|m% Yqc ffcvm| mfh`l|h sem mea|m wh| fm w|hm wc|h se whah `mq m fm bc|cadm eh oscqc ahqm }sccf Lm|ah ycqc ce qi`m bc mffm iqc whec| se mwm|cqh wh| fm w|hm bcf Lm|ah m fm

mea|m y fhq wchecq bc mbcer|h bc fm mksm ri|mlme cf Lm|ah }sc m fmq =7 bc fm`mýmem cqrmli`hq fil|cq ym ce fm mebh|m& i fmq =7 =(2 cqrsli`hq ceo|cerc bc fm|meadc|im bc @m|imeh ce bhebc ceaher|m`hq fm yebimbm bc h`l|cq y `hkc|cq&fhq |ckmfm`hq& m fmq =< hlqc|lm`hq fm fmrirsb bc <1 =< Q y qcksi`hq m am`iem|qic`w|c ahe @m|imeh mllh|bh y adieadie%

$bc fhq bc Bh`ieksirh)

@m|imeh bih h|bce m qsq kcerc }sc ehq qiksicqce wh| fm ahqrm y m|`mbhq& `mqmlmqhq ceaher|m`hq r|cq dh }smr|hq bimq bcqwscq m fhq yebihq }sc ffm`me bcBh`ieksirh rhbhq m|`mbhq wm|m`hq wm|m |ckmfm|fhq& cqrhq qc ehq `hqr|mlme

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`sy m`ikhq @m|imeh ehq mviqñ rslicqc`h }sibmbh }sc m}scffhq c|me fhq bcfAmqi}sc Bh`ieksirh }sc cf Ah`mebmerc bcf \ih bcf _mffc fh mlim `mebmbh m

osqifm| }sc mqim bhq mýhq wh|}sc }sc|àm i| m|hlm| m fmq cqrmeaimq& y }sc cqrmqmh|m }sc|ime ce |crh|eh bc Bh`ieksirh m seh bc ehqhr|hq r|cq& cqrh cq dh Qh|im&dh A|cai| dh yh& y }scbm| mqi c`wmrmbhq& y }sc wh| cqh cq }sc cf yqh lcei| qsqkcercq m|`mbhq wh| qi mamqh amqrikm| m fhq Bh`ieksirhq& y }sc bcqbc m}si mqrmmf Wmfh Qmerh c|m ecacqm|ih }sc cf ehq maah`wmemqc wh| ric|m wh| qi mamqh% C|mqc|am ym bc fmq =< y hlqc|lm`hq fm fmrirsb <17 11 Q $@icer|mq yh hlqc|vmlm fmfmarirsb se yebih ah`libh m A|cai| m i| mqrm fm |meadc|im }sc cqrmlm qc|am& y }scmffi fc bm|im sem adieirm wm|m biqo|srm| bc cffm& cqrh c|m wm|m ehrm|fh ce |crh|eh bcBh`ieksirh& A|cai| fc bih fmq k|maimq y eh mb`irih cf ah`libc) y qcksi`hqam`iemebh mah`wmýmbhq wh| ric||m bmfm wm|rc bcf Qh& dh m fm bc|cadm wh|

`m|imeh y qsq kcercq m|`mbhq& y fhq bc Bh`ieksirhq }sc qhfh mksm|bmlme sebcqasibh bc ehqhr|hq wm|m `mrm| mseh bc ehqhr|hq hoiaimfcq& m rie}sc cffhq qcoieksime `sy m`ikhq& y ahe qs qi`wfiaibmb qhe amwmqcq bc cekmým| m}smf}sic|m }sc eh oscqce mviqmbhq& rmf cq fm omaifibmb bc oieksi| bc rhbhq fhqyebihq% M @m|imeh fc r|sjc|he qs fmezm fm }smf rceime qie whebc|maihe mfksem bmbhq }sm|rhq bc vm|m bc fm|kh fm wserm y ? wsfkmbm bc meadh bc se oic||h `sywsfibh ahe sem k|mebc mqrm bc `hbh }sc qcýh|cmlm qhv|c rhbmq fmq bc `mqfmezmq& fc qhfim bcai| yh }sibmbh @m|imeh bc eh wcfcm| ahe fhq bc fmezm adi}sirm&ws|}sé cffhq rc `mrm|me& y rs eh whb|mq `hvc| fm k|mebc }sc `c bcaim cf ricecese `icbh m `i fmezm%

$@mrmahq)

Fhq yebihq bc fm hr|m wm|rc cqrh cq bc fm iq}sic|bm dh bcf E%C% }sc qhe qic`w|cfhq @mrmahq ehq m ksm|bmlme cevm|ihq wm|mqcq ahe hlcqmq y wcqambhq& y fhqwhl|cq qc w|caiwirmlme ec rmksmq wm|m r|mc|ehq qsq w|cqcercq |hkmebhehq|caili|fhq y biaicebhehq }sc cffhq c|me vc|bmbc|hq m`ikhq& wscq }sc cffhq qc ehqw|cqcermlme ah`h qsq `mb|cq fhq wm|iñ& y eh ah`h fhq bc fm hr|m lmebmm|`mbhq y }sc ehq }sibmqc`hq bc cffhq& vc|bmbc|m`cerc qc ehq w|cqcermlme

bcqesbhq ce qc|imf bc wmz%

$@sbmezm bcf \ih)

Rhbmq fmq ehadcq vceim @m|imeh mllh|bh y sem bc cqrm fc w|ckserm`h qi c`hqffckmbh rhbmlim mf wm|mkc }sc ffm`me Qmerm \hqm $Qmerm \hqm cq cf eh`l|c bcfskm| qi $%%%) `i c hflibmbh cf eh`l|c bc fm Qmerm) ehq biqh }sc cqrmlm`hceo|cerc y biqrmerc bm 3 fcksmq& y }sc fcq biqi`hq ym eh wmqm `mq cf \ih wh|Qmerm |hqm& eh qcýh| |cqwhebih& mercq wmqqmlm mffm y rhbmlim cqiqrc cf amsqc vicqhbcf \ih wc|ñ m dh|m wmqm biqrmerc 3 fcksmq% Bm cqrh qc wscbc ieoc|i| ah`h yahe}sc omaifibmb qc wmqcm fmksm bcf Lc|`cqh wh| cqrhq am`whq m|ceiqahq%

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 91 

Oiemf`cerc ffckm`hq mf wm|mkc }sc ffm`me wmfh Qmerh m}si ceaher|m`hq fmkcerc bc `m|imeh ksm|bimehq bcf rc||ceh fhq bc bh`ieksirh ym qc mlime ibhq& y

`m|imeh c`lih m ffm`m| m seh bc qsq m`ikhq bc fm hr|m lmebm cqrh cq bc fhq@mrmahq& wm|m }sc ehq mah`wmemqc mqrm cf aheoie bc qsq ric|mq& y|cah`cebm|ehq m qsq m`ikhq bc `mq mlmqhq& ierc|rmerh mksm|bmlm`h cqrc% Qh|imahercqrñ m fm Am|rm bc Bhe Merheiei y yh m Qhfm& cevimebhfc fmq fmrirsbiec bc fmqbiooc|cercq hlqc|vmaihecq cadmq ecf @hq}sirmq fh `iq`h bc fm fhekirsbiec yvm|imaihe bcf ah`wmq& rm`lice fc c`limbh fmq bcf \ih Eck|h dh Qilc|cm aherhbhq fhq bc`mq mqrm m}si& eh fc c`lic sem ahwim bc wfme mqrm m}si wh| }sc Qh|imeh `c fh m wc|`iribh ffckñ fm`ikh bc @m|imeh qc c`lm|añ& @m|imeh ehq bizh}sc bc fhq Hahfiq ehq ehoimqc`hq& y }sc ksmebh qsq m`ikhq ehq bczmqcerslicqc`h asibmb ahe fhq w|i`c|hq iebihq bc fm iq}sic|bm }sc ehq }sc|ime

`mrm|ehq% }sc wh| qcýmf oiqm qc|me m }scffc }sc hq w|hwheb|me vmamq wm|mam|ecm| wscq }sc rceime bhq cqrhq qc ffm`me fhq Mrmfíq $Mfmq w|heseaimbh ah`hfhq yebihq cq $%%%) wh|}sc $%%%) bc cffhq cq kmekhqm y bc bcf %%%) y }sc `mq mlmqh ceaher|m|c`h m fhq rhlmq y }sc w|has|mqc`hq mlfm| ahe fhq amqi}scq Mkhqrie yQmerimkh& }sc c|me qsq-m`ikhq ce hr|h ric`whq y }sc cqrhq qhe lscehq y qcbcqwibiñ y qc osc wh| Am`whqmerh m ffcvm| fmq am|rmq m Bhe Merheieh%

Cqrc @m|imeh dic|m lceibh ahe ehqhr|hq& y ehq slicqc qibh `sy srif wh|}sc c|m`m|ieh y lsceh& wc|ñ rceim `icbh m fhq rhlmq bc `mq mlmqh bc amekmyc }sc

bcaim c|me `sy `mfhq%

$bc fhq Hahfiq)

M fhq whahq bimq ffckm`h m fhq Hahfiq& y m}si osé cebhebc w|i`c|h vi bcqbc cfwscqrh bc @mb|ikmf fm `m|kce bcf \ih bc rc||ceh oi|`c bc fm wm|rc bcf Qh& vceimyh ym rme mlsebh wh| `iq ceoc|`mbmb }sc eh qc wscbc oikh|m| bclif ofmah yameqmbh& y ei `sadh `mq `c aheqhfmlm& y mls|im fmq `sy `hadmq vm|mbs|mq}sc rh`mlm`hq& dh wh| omfrm| m`i fm viqrm mvczcq& khvic|eh bcf Lm|ah dh wh|

omfrm| cf fmksm amqi cerhbmq fmq vscfrirmq }sc bm cf \ih% Ce cqrc fskm| rceime fhqHahfiq qirsmbm qs rhfbc|im y qc ehq w|cqcerñ rhbm fm adsq`m hahfiqm bc m`lhqqcqhq ohebm`hq ce fm `irmb bcf \ih wm|m |ckmfm|fc wscq }sc qc ehq `hqr|m|hem`ikhq ieri`h& vi`hq cer|c cffhq sem eiým ah`h bc rcrmb bc =7 m|ihqc|`hqiqi`m& rceim se |hlih wcfh wh| fmq cqwmfbmq ah`h fm @mkbmfcem qs amlcqmlmqm ahe `sadm s`ifbmb& wscq fm ieocfiqm c|m a|imbm bc fmq adiemq& amsrivm bc m}scffmq lm|lm|m kcerc& c|m bc Qmerimkh bc fcqrc|h& }sice bc ehqhr|hq whbim `i-|m|fc qie rcec|fm `sadm fmqri`m& y qi ehqhr|hq hlic|m`hq rcermbh fil|m|fm ahe fmosc|zm slic|m mffm wc|bibh fm vibm ec fmarh% Qcksim`hq am`iemebh y `mqmlmqirhq cqrmlme dh ehq qiksic|he dh ehq mfameqm|he mf bm| sem vscfrm& ce qi`m

bc sem lm|meam bc rc|ceh oi|`c i `hershqm& cf Amqi}sc bc fhq Hahfiq cf dijhivm|ihq hr|hq yebihq cf dijh bcf Amqi}sc qc fc vcqrih& c|m `hqh bc =? m =; mýhq bc

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92  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

se rmfc c|`hqh& y c|m `sy as|ihqh bc cqm`iem| fmq m|`mq y rhbh fh }sc mlimmlh|bh& y qc mb`i|mlm ce vc| m }scffh% Qh|im ce vicebh rmf mb`i|maihe ce m}scf

  jhvce fh diqh lmqm| ce fm am`m|m& y `hqr|mebhfc `i fil|h& cf `mam|rc msrh| bcemsriam& y wh| fierc|w|crc fc mqim bcai| }sc ahe m }scf ehqhr|hq ahehaim`hq& mfQhf& m fm Fsem& m fmq cqr|cffmq aa% `i|mlm y cqasadmlm ahe `sadm mrceaihe& yh fc`hqr|c `i mrmerc& cqrc fc ahfwih mqrm ce cf mf`m& `c |hkmqc `c ieqrmlm qc fh|ckmfmqc& eh }scbm `mq fm|kmbh bc qsq `mehq fc iqc bcai| }sc fh ecacqirmlm wm|m`i|m| mf $%%%) Fsem y fmq cqr|cffmq& y }sc bihq qc ceehqm|im ahe `ikh& }scbñcerheqc qifceaihqh wh| se |mrh& y bcqwscq ahe qc`lfmerc ehlfc biqh mfierc|w|crc& bikmfc m cqrhq qcýh|cq& }sc }sice fc ceqcým m cffhq rhbm cqrmq ahqmq cqqs Bihq wh|}sé qmlc `sadh& y }sc escqr|h Bihq m fhq whl|c yebihq ehehqieqcým embm wh|}sc ehqmlc embm& yh fh iqc |hkm| wh| cf ierc|w|crc }sc lieicqc

ahe ehqhr|hq }sc yh fc ceqcým|im rhbmq m }scffmq ahqmq ahe rcqrñ }sc hr|h vimkcvcei|im& }sc mercq }scbm vc| ah`h ehq r|mrmlme fhq yebihq bc `mq mlmqhq }scqhe `mfhq qcksi`hq am`iemebh y cqrc jhvce ehq mah`wmkeh mqrm `mq mlmqh}sc ehq bcjñ& y vieh mlh|bh se yebih bc fhq `mrmahq dh bc fm wm|rc bcf E%C% cevimbh wh| qs amqi}sc wm|m }sc ehq maah`wmemqc `mq mlmqh%

$bcf \ih)

Cf \ih bcqbc fm Cq}siem k|mebc mqrm fhq Hahfiq vicec `hvilfc fh `iq`h }sc bm

fm Wmiam& m fm Cq}siem& y bcqbc fhq Hahfiq mqrm m}si ah`icezm ce wm|rc m lcei|cer|c rc|ceh oi|`c& y eh qhe rmermq ym fmq vm|mbh|mq wh| vcei| fmksmq `mq|cseibm& wc|ñ fmq vscfrirmq }sc bm cf \ih qic`w|c qhe `hadm y adi}sirm& cqrh cqah|rmq%

$\hlh bc Rmlmah)

Wh| m}si ceaher|m`hq yebihq bmf E%C% bc fhq }smfcq qc c`lm|añ seh biaicebh}sc qs amqi}sc fc mlim biadh bc mah`wmým|eh `mq mlmqh& fhq |ckmfm`hq& m}siosé cebhebc cf wche jsqrh Wmqrh| mviqñ m Bhe Wmlfh }sc cf wche Mfctmeb|h Qmfmmlim |hlmbh sem `mqh bc rmvmah bc A|cai| y }sc cqrmvm wh| mse am`lifmeadcahe fhq yebihq wh| mf khem kiam $kiam dh yiam ffm`me fhq @mrmahq m semq lhfqmq}sc qc ascfkme mf wcqascqh ah`h fhq amqmbh|c whece fh }sc amqme bc se fctibh`hbh bc |cb bm %%%)%

Qc diqh |ckiqr|m| m Qmfm y qc fc ceaher|ñ c rmvmah& cf `hadmadirh ierc|w|crc@mqqi`h @mb|ikmf biqh m Qh|im }sc cf aher|m `mcqr|h Amemfcq rm`lice mlim|hlmbh rmvmah% A|cai| |ckiqr|ñ fmq wcrmamq y ceaher|ñ }sc ce sem omfrmlm bhq dh

r|cq `mqhq Qh|im w|ckherñ mf `sadmadh qi Om|imq mlim |hlmbh rm`lice& cf`sadmadh bijh }sc qi& dh oscqc vc|bmb dh lice whbic|í }sc cf `sadmadh oscqc 

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 93 

qceribh bc mfksem ahqm ahe Amemfcq& y Om|imq& }sc m`lhq c|me Adifcehq& wscqQh|im ieri`ñ m fhq r|cq cqrh cq& m amemfcq m Qmfmq& y om|imq& bc eh lmqm| `mq ce fm

lhbckm& y Qh|im `c w|ckserñ m`i }sc `c wm|caim bc m}scffm jsqriaim& fc |cqwhebi`c wm|cqc `sy lice }sc mqi eh |hlc|me `mq rmvmah& eh fh slicqc Jm`mq|cqwhebibh mqi mf `h`cerh bith Qh|im m fhq r|cq vmiceqc ce fmq amehmq y eh wiqce`mq cf Lm|ah qc yh eh fh `mebh& Amemfcq y Om|imq mfckmlme wh| qs iehaceaimwc|ñ eh slh |c`iqihe }scbm|he fhq r|cq ce fmq amehmq& y mqi cq }sc rhbmq fmqehadcq qc ilme fhq r|cq mbh|`i| ceric||m& rm`lice se bim Amemfcq y Om|imq }sccqrmlme fhq bhq ce sem Amehm qc }scbm|he lmqrmerc mr|mq& ahe mei`h ksiqmq bcbiqc|rm|qc& wc|ñ eh fh ml|me cadh bc `icbh bc fhq yebihq wscq }sc ym cqrmlm`hqlmqrmerc cesfr|mbh ecf admah%

$bc Admkihq)

_ieh Admkimq cf Amqi}sc m lh|bh y ehq mah`wmýh bhq dh r|cq bimq mqrm }scffckmebh mqrm m se aic|rh wserh bizh }sc eh whbim wmqm| `mq mbcfmerc wh|}scfhq yebihq ye`cbimrh c|me fhq Mrmfí `mfhq& y }sc ehq hr|hq eh ehqoimqc`hq bccffhq& wscq }sc lsqam|me rhbhq fhq `cbihq whqilfcq wm|m `mrm|ehq& }sc qc`scqr|m|me m`ikhq aa% ca% }sc bc eiekhe `hrivh ehq oimqc`hq bc cffhq& cqhq fhq}sc `m|imeh hq bith }sc ricece fmq bhq vmamq& y }sibmbh ahe cffhq& cf qc osé ahefhq hr|hq bhq& y }sc bm`hq qhfhq am`iemebh%

$Cf \ih vicec `cjh|)

Wh| m}si cf \ih vicec ym `sadh `cjh|& y ym eh qhe rmerh fhq bcqwfmymbhq%

$Qcýmf bc ksc||m)

Cf bim qiksicerc ceqi`m bc sem lm|meam ffmem y qie m|lhfcq mffm wm|rc bcf E%C%& qcehq `hqr|ñ se yebih mf ric`wh bc wmqm| bc cqrm qsc|rc& rceim cesem `meh sewmfh mfkh fm|kh ahe bhq kmqhq lice ah|rmbhq m `hbh bc m|}scrm rceim ce fmamlcqm se o|cerc bc sem vmam ahe qsq mqwmq y mf |cbcbh| bc fm amlcqm wcbmqhq bcasc|hq bc ah|bc|hq& rceim m`m|mbh mf wcqascqh wh| bc r|mq wfs`mq bc mvcqr|sqahe rmrh|m wcebicerc mlmqh& rceim se adi|iwm bc rmrh|m wc|ñ eh rceibh qieh fmqwmkmq wcebicerc m`m|mbmq m fm aiers|m& fm hr|m `meh ce ec fmeam& y fm am|m aherhbh cf asc|wh wiermbh bc mlc|h& dh `meadmq eck|mq& vceim m wmqhq `sy|cwhqmbh mqi mfm h|iffm wm|m }sc fh vicqc`h `cqh|> yh eh wscbh i`mkiem|cebhebc cqrhq lm|lm|hq myme whbibh bm|& wm|m i`irm| mf bimlfh rme mf vieh

escqr|hq wchecq }sc rceime mfkhe ahehai`icerh bc fhq yebihq `mq }sc ehqhr|hqbcaime& }sc c|m m}scf cf bihq bc fm ksc||m y qc|imf bc ksc||m& y fc }sc|ime osqifm|

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9?  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

mf ric`wh ei bc wmqm|& wc|ñ Qh|im eh fh aheriñ%

$bc fhq Mrmfí ibm bc Om|imq)

Mercq bc ffckm| m fhq mrmfí whqi`hq mf `cbih bcf Lm|ah fhq wm|mwcadhq bc asc|hqecf `cbih bcf Lm|ah cqrh cq bcjmebh fil|c whwm y w|hm wm|m whbc| ri|m| ahe fmqam|hembmq qie cqrh|lh y rm`lice whqi`hq rcadh bc asc|hq $%%%) }sc wm|caim ahqmah`h }sc mqce fhq Wm|mksmyhq m fmq ahf`mbmq bc $%%%) Lm|ah% Cqrh c|m se lsce|cwc|m|h wh| fm ofhrm% Cf `iq`h bim wh| fm rm|bc ffckm`hq m fhq mfmfm& fhq }smfcqcqrmlme ahe rhbmq qsq adiemq y adi}sirhq ceqi`m bc fm lm|meam bcf E%C% qiem|`mq qcýmf bc wmq& bi`h ohebh ce `cbih mf \ih y m`m|m`hq se amlfc ceric||m

wh| cf }smf mr|mam`hq cf Lm|ah m fm Lm|meam bc fhq yebihq }smqi rhbm escqr|mkcerc qc os-|he ceric||m m cer|clc|m|qc ahe fm yebimbm y wm|rc m ahaiem| cf rsfwhfhq yebihq sem lscem wh|aihe mlh|bh& rmf c|m cf `iqrh c fm kh|lh|biemaiheescqr|m& c|m qsoiqicerc }sc yh bitcqc }sc ehq ehoimqc`h& y bc eh lmjm| eiekheh mric||m& wm|m }sc oimqc`hq bc cffhq& y lmqamqce m ric||m rhbhq Qh|im wh| cf w|i`c|h&`icer|mq mqi cer|clc|mbhq cqrmlm`hq& vic|he ffckmebh wh| fm lm|meam bcf Qh&`mq m|ilm ah`h bhqicermq vm|mq se r|hqh bc yebihq k|irmebh y am`iemebh&ksiqmq a|cycebh ym }sc c|m`hq rh`mbhq cerheqc ffm`c m mfksehq bc fhq wchecq`mq w|hbcercq qc vieicqce mllh|-bh vieic|he cqrhq yeh yqic|he embm& ffckñ fmehadc vieh rhbm escqr|m kcerc mlh|bh m`cehq fmq r|cq viari`mq bcf Lm|lm|h

Qh|im& cqrhq rmfcq yebihq c|me fhq _ifcfm fhq bc fm vmamq fhq }sc c|m|ehq mviqmbhqwh| rhbhq fhq bc fm vmamq fhq}sc c|m`hq mviqmbhq wh| rhbhq fhq yebihq bc `mqm|ilm ehq ehoimqc|ehq bc cffhq y yh eh `c oimlm& mqicq }sc cqrmlm cf wche JhqéFcmeb|h qc|am fmq lirmq bc w|hm y fc `mebé fm|kmqqc cf amlfc wm|m bcqm`hq amc|ce `cbih mf |ih m fmea|m& Fcmeb|h fm|km cf amlfc y Qh|im `mebm mksmerm|& yh `chwsqc m Qh|im wh|}sc m}si c|m qcks|h }sc khkmvm fm vibm& `mebc qcksebm vcq mFcmeb|h fm|kmqc cf amlfc& y Fcmeb|h }sc m cf rm`lice fc ksqrmvm fm|km|qc bc fmlm|meam qic`w|c fm|kmvm se whah& Qh|im fh`mebh }sc m`m|mqc cf amlfc& yh cfbimlfh `c ffclmlm& yh fc bcaim m Qh|im cqrhq qhe fhq yebihq bc fmq vmamq aa% cf `cbcaim }sc cqrmlme ahe fmq adiemq y adi}sirhq qcýmf bc wmq& yh fcq bcaim }sc eh

c|m w|hbcezm oim|qc y k|irmvm m Fcmeb|h fm|km& fm|kmlm cf& y Qh|im fh k|irmlmmksmerm& y cer|c fm|km y mksme-rm aheqcksi ce bhq h|mq bc biqwsrm fm|km| cfLm|ah ah`h =7 h =< vm|mq bc fm Lm|meam biqrmeaim qhoiaicerc wm|m }sc ehwhbicqce fhq yebihq qmfrm| mlh|bh `mebc whec| sem madm m w|hm wh| qi mamqh}siqicqce mr|mam| cf Lm|ah ah|rm| cf amlfc $%%%) }sc fmq bhq am|hembmq }siqc am|km|fhq osqifcq $%%%) }siqh% Qi c|m w|hbcezm bcjm| r|cq viari`mq ce `meh bc cqrhqlm|lm|hq fhq khq}sc cf `hebh% M `cbim ehadc Qh|im cer|ckñ fm ksm|bim& qc`hbh cf Qceriecfm& yh `c cqrmlm cq vc|bmb ce fm am`m|m wm|m ml|ikm|`c bcf\haih& wc|h eh bh|`icebh ksmebh qc hyñ se mflc|hrh cer|c fm yebimbm& Qh-|imehqc qi bcqsqrh bcse qmfrh cqrhvh ceqi`m bc ahlic|rm y yh mr|mq bc cf mkm|mebhfm `cadm wm|m ri|m|c m fhq yebihq ahe fm am|hembm }sc cqrmlm ce asfiqm&cocrivm`cerc slic|m fhk|mbh seri|h c|`hqh& wc|ñ rceim ceo|ce-rc& Qh|im cf 

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 9; 

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Qi ehqhr|hq bh|`icebh mr|mambhq mfm Lm|meam cq lice qcks|h }sc fhq yebihq ehqslic|me qmfrmbh mlh|bh y bckhffmebhehq m rhbhq ehqhr|hq& w|hclm bc cqrh& cq

}sc m}si eh slh ce mflh|hrh eieksem adiem& ec a|imrs|m& rm`lice cq w|hclm bc}sc fhq yebihq w|has|mlme kmrcm|ehq rhbm fm ehadc wm|m ri|m|ehq ofcadmq wc|ñescqr|h wc|ñ }sc mlim }scbmbh ceric||m& eh bcqmlm mqc|am|fh qie bm|ehq mviqh&wm|cqc }sc fhq ahehaime }sc c|me escqr|hq cec`ikhq& fhq yebihq fh ffm`mlmebcqwmairh wc|ñ cf wc|ñ `mq qc ce ehqmlm& y mqi ehqhr|hq cqrmlm`hq mfmq m|`mq%

Cq vc|bmb }sc him`hq ehqhr|hq }sc fhq yebihq k|irmlme m fh fcjh& y escqr|hierc|w|crc bcaim }sc fhq yebihq ilme m cqahebc| fmq adiemq ce ecf `herc bc`icbh bc ehqhr|hq& y ahe cqrh }scem Qh|im w|hvm| }sc om|im mvim ibm m fm

|meadc|im wh| ierc|cq bc mfkhem adiem% Rhbh wscbc qc|& wc|ñ Om|imq mercq bc`h|i| biqh }sc cf eh mlim |hlmbh cf rmvmah& y }sc `h|im iehacerc%

Qh|im biac ce qs fil|iffh ohjm $<1) Bc escqr|mq amehmq qc |cqvmfñ seh bc fhqwchecq& cf `herc bc bhebc qmfiñ bcqwscq bc `cbim ehadc& qmfrmebh mf mksm&wc|qcksibh bc seh dh bhq yebihq aa% ca%%%%Qh|im `icerc y |c`icerc& Qh|im cq}sice `mrñ m Om|imq& wh|}sé eh fc `mebñ%%% vieicqc mlh|bh mercq bc qc| c|ibh&qieh bcqwhcq bc qc| c|ibh qc fh `mebñ%%%

M`mecaih: cf bim y eh vcim`h m eiekhe yebih ei him`h m embic fc mqim`h k|irm|wh| cf ierc|w|crc }sc lieicqce y }sc ehq bitcqce }sc fc mlim cadh cf wche }sc fh

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94  Jsme Jhqî Nhww

}sc|im`h amqrikm|& wc|ñ embic |cqwhebim% Cerheqc wfmerm`h fm fmezm }sc om|imqr|sth ceqi`m bc fm lm|meam ahe fm wherm m|ilm& wm|m }sc fhq yebihq vic|me }sc

ehqhr|hq eh ahbiaimlm`h qsq m|`mq& y }sc eh fc rceim`h `icbh& y ehq fm|km`hqwm|m escqr|h bcqrieh%

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bcf `herc& y ce cffm cqrmlm se yebih cf }smf diqh sem qckemf v mf `h`cerhvieic|he bmf `herc semq }smermq ofcadmq& qie vc| }sice fmq ri|ñ& semq bc cffmqwmqqñ ce `cbih bc Qh|im y A|cai| }sc m`lhq cqrmlme jserhq& m }si cq cebhebcQh|im `icerc ohjm $<2)% Bcqwscq }sc cqrmli`hq wmqmbhq qmfih bcf `herc semwh|aihe bc yebihq ahe sehq ym}scrhecq `sy k|scqhq bc asc|hq bc ah|bc|hqah`h wm|m ml|ikm|qc bc fm ofcadm }sc ehqhr|hq whbim`hq ri|m|fc& y mqi cq qsbiviqm bc ksc||m% Rhbhq cffhq qc wsqic|he m am`iem|& m qi cf r|ikm| cebhebccqrmli`h& y cebhebc y|ic|he m om|imq& y eh m fm |meadc|im wceqmebh ceAher|m|mffm mf `h|ilsebh wm|m rh|em|qc m rc|ibm| cf a|meih bc Om|imq y mqc|qc sem rmqmwm|m lclc| ce cffm ce c|imf bc r|iheoh qckhe cq sqh cer|c cffhq& wc|h eh

ceaher|m|he qieh fm fmezm `mrmbh|m& }sc cffhq me bc mlc| rh`mbm m `mf mksc|h>`mq mlmqh ceaher|m`hq vm|imq ofcadmq ec fmksm bc fm }sc mlim ri|mbh m fm ehadcksmebh a|cai| `c bijh eh fc wscksc& bcqwhcq ce aher|i`hq bhq yebihq bc fhq`iq`hq qic`w|c& ce sem wfmym y qc cqrmlme mfh fcjhq bc `icbh fhq }siqi`hq|ckmfm|fhq ah`h m`ikhq& y rceime `icbh bc mac|am|qc ehq bitic|he fcqwhqicqh`hq fhq }sc fc }sc|im`hq bm| ceqi`m bc se |mikhe }sc mffi cqrmlmmiqfmbh& fcq whqi`hq bhq kh||hq y bhq `mqhq bc rmvmah& }sc bcqwscq }scehqhr|hq c`hq wmqmbhq qc fhq osc|he m rh`m|%

$bcf \ih)

Wh|m}si cf \ih vicec `hadh `cqh| ym }scqieh lm|m`h `mq& y qi mfksem lcqlm|m`h eh cq wh| omfrm bc mksmq& ei bc c|m| cf amemf& wh|}sé fmksm vmrhbm heibmce se qhfh amemf& cq wh| bcqasibh `ih& }sc mvcqcq `icer|mq `m|ah cf \ih ecfwfme bim|ih cf $%%)|mlif ri`hec|h qc |c}scqrm `mq m se fmbh dh m rhr|h& wc|h ahe|c`whqm|qc se whah ahe fhq lhrmbh|cq mf `h-`cerh qc mei`m& qic`w|c qi cq seam|mahfch bc vscfrmq& y rme ah|rirm }sc `c ffmlmlme mlsebh m fm ehadc wm|m`hq%

$@sc|rc bc Om|imq y rs`lm)

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 99 

Mfm `mýmem m`mecaiñ `sc|rh om|imq& eh fc bhvi`hq qcwsfrs|m m }si bc `icbh}sc fhq yebihq vieciqce ah|rm|fc fm amlcqm wh| cf fierc|cq bcf A|meih& wh| mac|ec

rmqm& y mqi am`iem`hq wh| escqr|h bcqrieh& ahe bcqch bc ceaher|m| se fskm|wm|m bm| qcwsfrs|m mf bcoserh% Mfm rm|bc am`iemvm`hq mf cer|c Lm|meamq mfrmq bcse fmbh y hr|h& ah|rmbm m wi}sc y bc ric||m ahfh|mbm ceqi`m bc cffmq c|m `herca|cqwh }sc qhfh cf rik|c whbim wcecr|m|fh& cf \ih c|m wh| m}si `sy mekhqrh bcaheqiksicerc hebh& cqrc wm|mqh fh c`h aheqibc|mbh hri`h wm|m bm| qcwsfrs|m mOm|imq& bi`hq osebh m fmea|m qc yqh se hyh ce fm Lm|meam bcf E%C% y fhcerc|m`hq y qcksi`hq escqr|h am`ieh% Cqrc `herc a|cqwh mqibh mfkh fm|kh y fcwsqi`hq cf eh`l|c bc @herc bc Om|imq& ce `c`h|im bcf bioserh y qcksi`h wm|mcf bcqrieh%

$W|i`c|h Rhlmq)

Whah mercq bc r|m`herm| cf Qhf ffckm`hq ce se viqrhqh Wmf`m| bmf Qh% mfficqrmlme sehq =7 dh =< yebihq ahe se amsrivh Qmerimkscýh& c|me cqrhq Rhlmq& cf`herc a|cqwh }sc wmqm`h bclc qc| fm fiecm bivizh|im bc fhq Rhlmq ahe fhq_ifcfmq mf E%C% y ahe fhq Hahfiq mf Qh& |ckmfm`hq m cqrhq y mf amhrilh rm`lice> y fcw|ckserm`hq> wh| m Mkhqrie y Qmerimkh& ehq bith }sc cqrmlme `mq mlmqh }sc`mýmem ehq vc|c`h ahe Mkhqrie y }sc wibm`hq wh| qs filc|rmb& }scbm`hq mwmqm| fm ehadc m }si% Cf \ih }sc ah|i`hq cqrc bim mqibh `sy c|`hqqh& cqrh cq

hebh y bc `sy wham ah||icercq& am|mahfcmbh ah`h fh bc `mq%

Cqrhq yebihq cevim|he mf amsrivh m mviqm| mf amqi}sc Mkhqrie& ah`h bhq asmb|mq`mq mlmqh c|m fm lm|meam bcf Qh mfrm y ah|rmbm m wi}sc ahe `herc k|mebc bcrhbm afmqc bc m|lhfcq srifcq% M fm ehadc qc osc|he cqrhq yebihq y vcm`hq ce cqrc`herc se osckh }sc w|has|mlme hasfrm|fh& y qcerim`h madcm| rhbm fm ehadcah`h }sc r|hqmlme wmfhq& ehqhr|hq ksqkmlm`hq }sc bclime mac| qs}scrcq bc`mbc|mq wm|m ri|m|}sc bc ceqi`m fm Lm|meam mf ric`wh bc wmqm|% Cqrmq amfibm bcm|`mq slic|m qibh qhoiaicerc wm|m }sc lm| escqr|mq amlcqmq y vceac|ehq rmf cq c

fmeadh ce wm|rc bcf \ih Qh|im `icerc ce qs fil|iffh o%$==)

Wh| fm `mýmem eh vcim`hq m embic& y wh| cqh cq }sc ms`cermlm escqr|mbcqaheoimezm& wc|ñ eh |cqhfvi`hq wmqm| dh `h|i|& fclmerm`hq c fmea|m& y ehqwhqi`hq m am`iem| ce h|bce bc lmrmffm& cqrh cq 2 dh`l|cq m fhq |c`hq& seh mfri`he cf |cqrh rhbhq ahe osqif y lmyhecrm ahe omerc|im m fm lm|meam& y rm`lice mfwcb|c|h& fmq `cadmq ceqcebibmq& y ahe cqrc mqwcarh wmqqm`hq fm lm|meam& qie hi|ec vc| m embic%

$Amqi}sc Mkhqrie) $bcf r|mrh wm|m \cqamrm| fmq amsrilmq)

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=77  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

@mq mlmjirh ceaher|m`hq bm fm wm|rc bcf Qh mf amsrivh ahe 3 dh ? amsrivmq }scamermlme di`ehq m fmq _i|kce a|cycebh }sc fm ilm`hq m|cqamrm|fmq& mlim rm`lice

yebihq fhq |ckmfm`hq sehq bith cf amsrilh }sc mksm|bmqc`hq m Mkhqrieehqhr|hq }siqi`hq am`iem|& `mq mlmqh ceaher|m`hq Mkhqrie $MkhqriecqAmqi}sc bc fm meriksm \cbsaaihe bc Qme Lc|em|bh) }sc ehq mfameqm fh |ckmfm`h&y fc r|mrrm`hq wm|m filc|rm| fhq amsrivhq fh rh`m|ime m `mf& wh|}sc fhq amfqhecq yym}scrmq }sc |ckmfm`hq eh qi|vce wm|m ah`w|m| fhq amsrivhq fh rh`m|ime m `mf&wh|}sc fhq amfqhecq y ym}scrmq }sc |ckmfm`hq eh qi|vce wm|m ah`w|m| fhqamsrivhq& y }sc qhwscqrh }sc c`hq bc vhfvc| wh| mffi hr|mq vcqcq& cerheqcq ehqbiqh r|mikme wheadhq }sc ahe cffhq filc|rm|me m rhbhq ahe omaifibmb& y }sc m h|mehq cqwc|im`hq m biqksqrm| fhq yebihq& wh|eh rcec| wheadhq& ehq mah`wmýh mqrmqic|rh wserh y ehq bcjh& biaicebhehq }sc cf Amqi}sc bc Amekmyc cq qs dijh& y

}sc ehq |cah`cebm|m `sadh& y }sc qc ffm`m @m|rie%

$hr|h Amqi}sc) $bc fhq Rhlmq)

Eh `c masc|bh lice qi cf bim qiksicerc ceaher|m`hq bhq yebihq& jhvce mfrhq yc|`hqhq seh c|m Amqi}sc fhr|h c|m seh bc se amsrivh ah`h bc <7 dmýhq& }sccqrmlm mffi ahe cffhq& bcaime cffhq bhq& mf amsrivh ahe vhz mfrm y ffcem bc h|khffh&$rmerh }sc a|cai| qc mqhqrñ) ehq bikm }sc wm|c`hq& ehqhr|hq fcq biaim`hq }sc`mq mlmqirh fhq mksm|bm|im`hq cffhq cerhezc k|irm|he mf amsrivh& bc rmf qsc|rc

}sc f+ieocfiz qc whqh m ah|c| ah`h se |mkh cer|c cf `herc y `mqikm }sc mlimceqi`m fm lm|meam& bc rmf qsc|rc }sc qc |h`wim rhbmq qsq am|ecq y ehq k|irmlmwm|ce wmr|he& wm|ce qieh `c `mrme& wm|ce wh| bihq qieh `c `mrme ehqhr|hqhycebh cqrc ieocfiq wm|m`hq& y ffckñ cqrc bcqbiadmbh ameqmbiqi`h& y r|mq cf ffckñfhq bhq m`h y amqi}sc& bcqwhcq vieic|he ffckmebh `mq yebihq y adiemq sem bccffm r|mim sem fmezm m fm`h bcf amsrivh wm|m `mrm|fh ce amqh }sc ehq slicqc-`hqwm|mbh& wc|ñ fiebih |crñ fm adiem y `mebh ahe m|hkmezm ffcvmqc fsckh fm fmezmbc mffi% Fhq |ckmfm`hq m cffhq y mffmq adiemq y sem amsrilm }sc qrmlm md fm viqri`hbc dh`l|c ahe rmf bc ahl|i| qsq am|ecq% Ehq bith cf Amqi}sc }sc cf y qsq kcercqc|me escqr|hq m`ikhq& y }sc ehq }sibmqc`hq bc fhq yebihq bc `mq mlmqhq }sc

}sc|ime mac|ehq fm ksc||m ehq bcqwcbi`hq wm|m am`iem| y cffhq kcec|hqhq ehe`mebm|he mlh|bh cf amsrilh wm|m }sc ehq maah`wmemqc `mq mlmqh& vieh cf yam`iem`hq% Cqrhq yebihq qhe bc hr|h cqwi|irh }sc fhq yebihq bc `mq m|ilm bchr|h rmffc aa% A|cai| bcaim }sc wm|aàme qc| \h`mehq rmf c|m cf `icbh }sc fc rceim%

C|m fmqri`m hi| fh }sc ehq ahermlm cf amsrilh cf amsrilh bc fhq }sc wmqmlme cffhqmffiq& ehq bcaim }sc ksmebh fhq yebihq ricece m`l|c qc fhq ah`ime mqmbhq& y }scm cf eh fh me `sc|rh rhbmlim wh|}sc qmlim amzm| ecf am`wh m amlmffh& y lhqamlmmqi }sc ah`c| wh| qs m`h caa% caa%

@mq mlmqirh ceaher|m`hq escvm`cerc cf Amqi}sc y fm`h bcf amsrivh& ahe fm 

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi =7= 

Qmerimkscým }sc mlim`h vcqribh ym& wc|ñ fm ceaher|m`hq ym bcqesbm y ehq bijh}sc qs m`h fc }sirñ& fc `mebm`h wh| fm amehm hr|h amfqhe ahe hr|m ym}scrm& cf

amqi}sc bijh m fhr|h yebihq& }sc rm`lice c|m m`h bc m }scffm ieocfiq }sc ehq bc m}scffm amsrivm& biqwsrmvm fiebih ahe qs amqi}sc ahe h|khffh& y se whah aheqcerimqc c`lm|amqc ce fm amehm y qc vieicqc mlh|bh& cffmq ehq bcaim ffclce`c wh| bihqffclce`c& cf Amqi}sc m|cekmvm `sadh ahe cf hr|h wc|ñ eh }siqh aheqceri| y mqirsli`hq }sc bcqm|fm& ce qs a|scf bcqk|maim y qcksi`hq am`iemebh& ahe cfamsrivh mlh|bh%

@mq mlmqh ce aher|m`hq ah`h <77 yebihq bc fm wm|rc bcf Qh ce sem cqwmqihqmwfmym }sc oh|`mlm cf \ih bi`hq ohebh wm|m |ckmfm|fh& m }si eh mlim eieksem

adiem y }smqi rhbhq fhq yebihq rceime fm `mamem }sc cq se lmqrhe as|rh y k|scqhbc sem `mbc|m wcqmbm fm `myh| wm|rc qhe bc wmfh Qmerh }sc mlhebm cqrc wmfhecf Admah% Ehq bitic|he bc bcqm| cf amsrivh mffi& ahf ric`wh bc qmfi| ehq k|irñ cfamsrivh }sc fh ah`w|m`h }sc qs m`h fh bmvm wh| bhq asadiffhq& mf `h`cerh`mebm`h wh| sem amehm fhq bhq asadiffhq ahe h|bce bc r|mc| cf amsrivh& y Qh|im`c `mebñ fcvmermqc fmea|m wm|m am`iem|& fc biqc }sc qmficebh ehqhr|hq bc mffàfhq yebihq `mrm|me m escqr|hq wchecq& wc|ñ cf Qcýh| Bhe Bimlfh mwmkmbh bcqi`iq`h }siqh }sc qc am`iec& cocrrivm`cerc ah`ceqm`hq m am`iem| ksmebh fmAmehm ffckmlm m ric||m& ksmebh ehqhr|hq cqrmli`hq biqrmerc ah`h bhq y `cbim

}smb|m fhq yebihq mfqm|he fmq `mamemq wm|m `mrm| escqr|hq wchecq& yh }sc `mq`i|mlm m fm amehm }sc mf Lm|ah mf `h`cerh `mebh fm|km| fmea|m }sc wh| cqqhmlim wscqrh se wche bc w|hwhqirh& ymf |sibh bc fm ambcem& y viqrh cf Lm|ah wm|m|y qic|he fhq yebihq mfrh& y qc vhfvih fm amehm qie asadiffh y qie amsrivh& wh| asfwmbc Qh|im%

$bcf \ih)

Cf \ih bcqbc `mq m|ilirm bc fhq mfmfm mqrm m }si vicec `sy lice cer|c rc||cehoi|`c bc se fmbh y hr|h cf am|mahfch bcf \ih qic`w|c qiksc y `sy `mqmbc|h cfrc|ceh bm se fmbh y hr|h fm `myh| wm|rc cq am`wh& y ce wm|rc `herc bc `mbc|msrif kcec|mf`cerc& `herc `mfh qhfh cq cf bc Om|im wh| qc| a|cqwh& wc|ñ cq seiahbc cqrm afmqc%

$Amqi}sc @m|rie)

Am`iemebh `mq mlmqh ceaher|m`hq m sehq yebihq }sc seh bc cffhq ehq bith

}sc cf cq `m|rie Amqi}sc bc fm meriksm \cbsaihe bc amekmyc dijh bcf Amqi}scMkhqrie% Fh i`lm|am`h m lh|bh y qcksi`h am`iemebh ahe cf mlh|bh& fh vcqri`h

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y ehq ahermlm }sc cf rceim `sadmq amsrivm }sc fm ah`w|mvm wh| `mermq bcmfkhbhe& m fhq yebihq bc `mq mlmqh% Qh|im qc fcq wsqh mlfm| bc |cfikihe y

biaicebhfc }sc cf }sc|im `sadh fhq yebihq& y }sc c|m s`l|c `sy lsceh yc|`meh bc rhbhq fhq yebihq%

$Qh|im qc bm cf eh`l|c bc wmb|c Rils|aih)

Fc w|ckserh @m|rie qi c|m Wmb|c& Qh|im fc ahercqrñ }sc qi& coocrrivm`cerc fh c|mmse}sc eh cq amqmbh& y ehqhr|hq biti`h m @m|rie }sc qc ffm`mlm Wmb|c rils|aih&y }sc c|m `sy lsceh }sc |ckmfmvm m rhbhq fhq yebihq%

@mq mlmqh ceaher|m`hq bc fhq _ifcfmq m fm wm|rc bcf E%C% fc |ckmfm`hq& y @m|rieqc osé m ric||m biaicebhehq }sc ehq ilm m ksm|bm| ce Amekmyc qs |meadc|im%

$bc fhq r|heahq bc m|lhfcq)

Am`iemvm`h qie eiekhe yebih mlh|bh& y qie rh`m| eieksem vm|mbh|m& seiahcqrh|vh }sc wscbc qc|rh wh| fhq Ls}sc bc _mwh| c|m ce sem }sc hr|m wm|rcr|seahq bc m|lhfcq& wc|ñ ahomaifibmb qc wscbce }sirm|%

$Amekmyc)

Ffckm`hq wh|oie ce amekmyc meriksm |cbsaihe m fm wm|rc bcf Qh fhq rhfbhq c|mefhq `mq lice biqwscqrhq bc }smermq rhfbc|imq c viqrh& qckhe fhq }sc bc mlh|bhvcym& biqrmvme bcf \ih ah`h sem }smb|m& asym biqrmezm oh|`mlm sem cqwmzihqmwfmym& ce fm `m|kce bcf \ih cqrmvm sem `cqm ahe sem qmvmem bcf `mercf& ceqi`mcqrmvm sem rmzm bc fhqm lfmeam y bclmqh fm `iq`m `ceqm sem diecrm bc vib|ihEck|h m se fmbh y hr|h bc fm `ceqm cqrmvm sem mqrm mfrm ahe bhq qmlmem bc

lmebc|m& }sc rhbmq cqrmq ahqmq fmq |hlme m fhq Qmerimkscehq%

Mf fmbh bc m|ilm bc f+mfrm| cqrmvm bm <47 m 177 _ifcfmq m|`mbhq& bc fmezmq yofcadmq qie eieksem adiem& qs amqi}sc _ifcfm& mf fmbh bc mlmqh cqrmlme bm =47 m<77 @hamlic m|`mbhq ah`h fhq hr|hq qs Amqi}sc Qmerimkh cf m`ikh bc @m|imeh&biqrmvme fhq sehq y fhq hr|hq bc fmfrm| ah`h `cbim }smb|m& fmfrm| }scbmlmceo|cerc `iq`h bc fm rhfbc|im& embic `mq }sc @m|rie& _ifcfm& Qmerimkh& Wmqmai|qc|amehq m fmfrm|%

Fm rhfbc|im& fmfrm|& y fhq bhq r|hqhq bc yebihq m|`mbhq oh|`mlme sem viqrm `syc|`hqm& m fm }smf bi`hq ohebh m fmea|m ceo|cerc `iq`h bc fmfrm|& biqrmercq ah`h 

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi =71 

17 vm|mq wsqi`hq escqr|m k|mebc lmebc|m bc fm Wmr|im m whwm y fm lmebc|m bc fmah`wmýim bcf _c|`cyh m w|hm $cf kcec|h bc biadm lmebc|m qc fh m lcebibh Qh|im

m _iffm \cmf& y lice am|h%

Mwcem c`hq osebmbh& vieh bc fm |meadc|im se r|hqirh bc @hkc|cq& cer|c cffmqvm|imq `sy lfmeam& vceime mqi m qmfrm| amermebh y`ehq m fm _i|kce mfkhem bccffm ffh|mebh y hr|mq ahe qc`lfmerc mfck|c fc wm|caim ym rcec| qs filc|rmb%

Biqh @m|rie lmqc wmb|c rils|aih m ric||m m bcai| `iqm }sc m}si licece fmq amsrilmm hyc|fm% @mfmym L|se& ce fskm| bcf Qh|m& }sc cqrhq ieocfiqcq }scbm|ime fil|cq mbcqwcadh bc fhq lm|lm|hq m|`mbhq& }sc `cqh| hamqihe wm|m sqm| bc fmq

am|hembmq sem ce se r|hqh y fm hr|m ec fhr|h bc fhq yebihq m|`mbhq& y fm amsrivmqecf `cbih }scbmlme fil|cq& `mrmym @mfmkm L|se y eh Qh|m bc wsf}sc|im y cfl|srñ bc Qh|im }smqi ym cqrmlm wm|m i|& cq rme m wmkmbh y ieadmbh bc qi `iq`h&cqrmvm iea|cibh rmerh }sc wceqmlm m fm ascerm }sc fhq lm|lm|hq cqrmlme mffi wm|mlcqm| fm ric||m }sc wiqmlm rhbhq ehqhr|hq fh biti`hq vmic m bcai| `iqm }scehqhr|hq cqrm|c`hq `i|mebh m fmqmbh

Ce oie qc mamlñ fm oseaihe ahe wcbi|ehq @m|rie fc ffcec`hq fm dieirm }sc cqrmlmbclmqh bc fm `ceqm bc mksm|bicerc& }sc qc fm wsqi`hq mqrm fm rc|qc|m wm|rc& y

ehq `mebm`hq m `sbm|& @m|rie ehq bith }sc ehq |cah-`cebm|í m Wmrhri }sc cqqs w|i`h& `mq mlmqirh qc ce lm|añ Qmerimkh ahe Wmqmai| }sc ehq maah`wmem|hese whah y qcosc|he%

$bcf \ih)

Wh| m}sc cf \ih _icec qic`w|c `cqh| `mq hebh wc|ñ qic`w|c am|mahfcmebh& ifrc||ceh cq Am`wh ahe yqfm bc $%%%) bc `mbc|mq yrifcq%

$Wmrhri Amqi}sc)

@mq mlmqh ceaher|m`hq sehq 2 dh 3 yebihq seh bc cffhq ehq bijh }sc c|m Wmrhriw|i`h c|`meh bc @m|rie fh c`lm|am`h mlh|bh y qcksi`h am`iembh& wh| m}siceaher|m`h wmqcmebh se `hfmrh bc Qmerm Oé jhvce Amsrivh y ehq bijhrslicqc`hq asibmbh }sc `mq mlmqh ehq mlime bc wcfcm| fhq yebihq }sc qc ehq`scqr|m|me whahq ce bhq r|hqirhq& wc|ñ }sc qc|me `sadhq caa% caa%

$Riasf}si Amqi}sc)

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@mq mlmqirh ceaher|m`h seh yebih mfrh ahe se qh`w|c|h bc wcfh y m fm meadm mfsqh Qmerimkscýh ehq bijh }sc c|m cf Amqi}sc Riasf}si vieh mlh|bh y am`iem`h

ahe cf y wmrhri mlh|bh%

Riasf}si ehq biqh }sc m }scf qh`w|c|h }sc rceim fh mlim ah`w|mbh ce Ah|icerc&y }sc eh fh mlim |hlmbh%%%y ce}sc fh wm|cqc qc bitc yh& `c |cqwhebih ce cfcqw|irh y ce fm em|iz moifmbm y ahe cf ýsbh%

$]sc mqhecq)

Cf rmf Riasf}si ehq aherh y |caherh lice }smerhq c|m`hq mlh|bh& Wmrhri c|mrm`mýh bc se kikmerc wc|ñ `sy w|sbcerc% Qc eh `c cekmýh qc osc|he fhq bhq mric||m biaicebhehq }sc `mq mlmjh ehq vscfvm|ime myc|& cocrivm`cerc wh| m}siam`iemvm`h qie yebih mfkheh mlh|bh y cf \ih ricec c`wm|rc ce fm h|iffmamýmvc|mfcq bc amýmq vscamq bc amqriffm& fh }smfcq fhq ceaher|mlm`hq m|bicebh mfric`wh bc wmqm| m fm }scerm fhq yebihq bm-lme osckh m fhq amemvc|mfcq wm|m vc|qi mqi ehq m|bim`hq ehqhr|hq rm`lice mf ric`wh bc wmqm|& y ehq slicqce bm bhq}sc mqc| qi cf vicerh slicqc qhwfmbh wm|m r|mc|ehq fmq ffm`mq mlh|bh }sc cq rmemekhqrh cf \ih }sc mvcqc eh wmqmlm`h biqrmercq =7 vm|mq bc fhq amýmvc|mfcq&Rm`lice cqhq }sc`mqhecq qhe qcýmfcq oiqmq bc ksc||m& wh|}sc fhq yebihq eseam

mqce ksc||m qie mqc| mercq k|mebcq ohkmrmq%

$Seiah cqrh|vh }sc ceaher|m`hq)

Rhbmq fmq ehadcq ohebmvm`hq m fmea|m ce `cbih bcf \ih y lhqamlm`hq qic`w|cse wm|mkc cf `mq meadh whqilfc wc|ñ }sc oscqc m embm& wh| eh qc| qh|w|cebibhwh| mfkhe mlh|bmkc bc fhq ebihq& wh| m}si cebhebc ehe mffmlm`hq mffm $%%%%) sem`mýmem ehq whqi`hq mqmfwm| fmea|m wm|m am`iem|& y cqrmebh m wi}sc eh }sc|imbcqm|& cf wche Em|aiqh osc bc lmqh fmqsm ksimebhqc wh| fm ambcem wm|m vc| ce

bhebc fmec|m mlim mkm|mbh y ehq bijh }sc mkm|ñ se kmjh bc se m|lhf& cerheqcm|`c se mwm|cqh ceqi`m bcf ri|merc bc hr|h y ri|mlm`h rhbhq wc bc mw|hm mqrm}sc wsbi`h& y bcqwscq yqc wmqm| rhbhq m whwm y qc |mjñ cf kmjh& }sc cerhbh cf\ih c`hq ceaher|mbh& wm|m mea|cm|%

Cqrm `iq`m ehadc vi`hq bhq k|mebcq ohkmrmq% @mq mlmjh hr|h amsrilh ehq mviqñfh `iq`h }sc fhr|h%

$r|cq amqi}scq mlh|bh)

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi =73 

@mq mlmqh vieh escvm`cerc mlh|bh Wmrhri% Riasf}si& y hr|h amqi}sc }sc qcffm`m Admamqibi& ahe r|cq yebihq `mq $seh bc fhq r|cq c|m rsc|rh y `c |ckmfñ sem

wc|eiq }sc bc cffm yqc mqc|`c amfbh r|cq vcqcq y qc`c dm ah|rmbh cf adhads) }scbcaime fhq amqi}sc }sc c|me qsq c|`mehq& m rhbhq fhq |ckmfm`hq& Riasf}si }sc|imwheadhq y eh rceim`hq }sc|im `mq ahadiffhq& y eh whbim`hq ym bm|fcq `hadhqwh|}sc ym ehq ilme omfrmebh& y c|m w|cqiqh bcjm| mfkhehq wh| fhq yebihq `mqmlmqh& Riasf}si ehq ahermlm qic`w|c& |ckiqr|mlm fmq m|`mq wm|riahfm|`cerc fmq

am|hembmq y wh| amqsmfibmb qc |h`wiñ sem lhfzm bc `cr|mffm `icer|mq ce fmrceim ce fm `mehq y vibh ah|c| ceqi`m bc aslic|rm fmq =47 lmfmq bc hezm }scaherceim& fc bctñ cqrh mfkh ceo|imbh& mf wche `m|rie \ivc|h $}sc mqim fmq

oseaihecq bc aher|m`mcqr|h bcqbc }sc amemfcq }scbñ qcermeaimbh wh| Qh|im meh wiqm| `mq cf Lm|ah mqrm }sc cf qc fh `mebc) fc bcaim m Riasf}sà }sc mqi ah`hcf c|m Amqi}sc bc qskcerc& rm`lice cf fh c|m bc fm kcerc bcf Lm|ah y }sc ksmebhmfkhe amqi}sc `mebm|í m qs kcerc }sc ehq ri|ce ofcadmq& cf `mebm|m ri|m|m}scffmq dmffmq y `mrme rhbhq fhq yebihq%

$Amqi}sc ce Jcocq)

Am`iemebh mqi ahe fhq ? yebihq mlh|bh ffckm`hq rm|bcairm ahe se fh-km| }sc cf

\ih rceim sem cqwmaihqm lm|meam m fm wm|rc bcf Qh y ce cffm ksmebh `ceh ?77yebihq }smqi rhbhq m|`mbhq y `sy whamq adiahmq& `mebm`h fm amehm m ric||mwm|m r|mc| mlh|bh m bhq Amqi}sc `mq }sc qckhe qc vcim c|me fhq Amqi}scq ce

 Jcocq& fhq |ckmfm`hq fcbce m}si wm|cqc }sc rslic|he yerceaihe bc bc kmffm|ehq&wc|h ehqhr|hq cqrmlm`hq rhbhq w|clmebh }sc mf `iq`h ieaibcerc }sc bmlme fhqhadhq wmqmbhq wh| fm lmyh-ecrm& wscq rhbhq escqr|hq wchecq cqrmlme ahe cf hjhmf adm|}sc%

$qc bcqc`lm|am rhbhq)

Riasf}si wm|caim oh|ihqh ahe rc fhq amqi}scq& }sc mfm }scerm eh }sc|ime aheqceri|ce qs `mf bcqieih ehqhr|hq eh whbim`hq cercebc| qs biqwhrm wh|}sc escqr|hqierc|w|crcq eh cercebime fm fceksm rhlm& Fhq bhq Jcocq ahe Wmrhri ehq wibic|hefhq whekm`hq m ric||m& y ehq biqic|he }sc cffhq a|me escqr|hq m`ikhq& }sc|ime}sc }scbmqc`hq m wmqm| fm ehadc mffm wc|h eh }siqi`h& qmfwm`h fmea|m yam`iem`hq& ah`h bhq }smb|mq& y Admamqibi ahe hr|hq bhq ehq biqic|he }sc fhqwhekm`hq m ric||m bhq }smb|mq `mq mlmqh cf hr|h yebih ehq wibih }sc fhbcqm`h mric||m& y mqi qhfh Riasf}si }scbh mlh|bh m am`iem| ahe ehqhr|hq ym c|mac|am bc fm hamqihe& h|m }sc ym qhfim`h wm|m|& wc|h m}si r|mrm`hq bc mfcqm|qc bc

fm yebimbm `mq }sc ehq oscqc whqilfc%

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@icer|mq mqi am`iemvm`hq yh bi|ikim cf Lm|ah y `m|amvm cf ah|qh bcf \ihfmqhebm caa% caa% Riasf}si ahehaih }sc yh c|m cf rhbh mlh|bh& `c mkm|mvm wh| cf

l|mzh bc|cadh wm|m mqc|`c bm| vscfrm mqi m cf wscq }sc `c vcim haswmbh ce cfkhlic|eh bcf Lm|ah caa% ahe fhq bcbh bc fm `meh `c qcýmfmlm bhq& y bcqwscq ahefm lhaam bcaim qs`& y bcqwscq bcaim `mq mlmjirh amehmq $Amehmq ffm`mlme fhqyebihq cf lm|ah) mi& mi& mi& ehq qcemfmlm }sc `mq mlmqh }smebh cqrm|c`hq ahe cfLm|ah ce fhq bhq qmfrhq }sc ricec cf \ih mffi ehq m|im fm ksc||m& cqrm qcýmf c|m rmeafm|m }sc dmqrm cf `sadmadh fm cercebim& fc bcaim yh }sc vmiq m mlfm| ahe Qh|im}sc yh cqrmlm haswmbh& wc|h eh }sc|im& `c vhfvim m ri|m| bcf L|mzh wm|m }scbicqc vscfrm mqi m cf y `c |cwcrim fh `iq`h& fc vhfvim m bcai| }sc `c bcqmqc ymlfmqc ahe wmb|c Rils|aih& wc|h eh }sc|im& y ahe `sadm os|im m `hbh bc fmea|m`c |cwcrih cqm `meihv|m ; h 4 vcqc& mqrm }sc fsfri`h ri|he }sc `c dm bmbh wm|m

mqc|`c bm| vscfrm `c mkm||h bcf ymfcah y `c fh dm bcqlhrhembh rhbh y vibñsem wiqrhfm }sc hasfrm bclmqh bcf kmfcah rceim& qc }scbh amffmbh y qc osc m wcbi|se whah bc mksm|bicerc mf wmb|c Rils|aih& wc|h Qh|im fcq biqh }sc ym lmqrmlmahe fh }sc mlim rh`mbh& fc ahercqrh Riasf}si }sc cf eh wceqmlm eieksem ahqm`mfc%%% se whah `mq mlmqirh ce bhebc cf \ih oh|`mlm bhq lm|meamq mf fmbh bcfQh sem lmq y fm hr|m `mq fcqh mfrm& m`lmq ahe mfkhehq m|lhfirhq y `mqickmq& ehqbiqh Riasf}si afsc fh whekm`h mffi }smebh cf cqrmlm ceric||m vi`hq fclmerm|qcbc cer|c fm `m-qickm bc fmq bhq lm|meamq `sadhq yebihq m|`mbh& y Riasf}si ehq&a|irñ mqrm `memem `mq mlmqirh mi& mi& mi

Osi`hq se whah `mq mlmjirh y bhvi`hq osebh ce `cbih mf \ih wmqm`hq fmehadc ahe `sadh mebmbh%

$W|cwm|maihe mf ah`lmrc)

Mffm `mýmem c|m w|caiqh w|cwm|m|qc wm|m wcfcm|& bi se osqif m Amemfcq y sehmambm seh bc fhq wchecq m`cehq Jsme cf `mrmah }sc eh fh qmlim `mecqm|%Bh`iekh Adh}sc `c `hqr|ñ }sc c|m `meah bc se l|mzh& y qswh mqc|qc cf

`meah rm|elice }sc fh ca|cibh rmf Qi`he \srm `c `hqr|h }sc c|m `meah bc fhqbcbhq& cf bioserh Fsaimeh ofh| `c biqh }sc cf eh qmlim am|km|& y mqi rslc }sc mac|fh qiksicerc% Wcbi m Qmfksc|h sehq afmvhq y sem vm|cksm& y cf `m|riffh y qc lmqm|ce fm lhbckm Bh`iekh adh|}sc wh| qc| vickh y `meah m se }sc eh fh c|m& y cf`sadmadh& y fc ceam|ksc }sc rslicqce }sibmbh bc rcec| osckh qic`w|c aherizhecq ce amqh bc omfrm| fmq `cadmq& y afmvc fm lham bc fm cqahriffm bcqmebh semadiam mlc|rs|m ah`h whbc| wmqm| se rizh ce amqh bc ecacqirm|fh& Qi`he ksmebhvibh cqrh qc whqh `sy lice sem lmyhecrm ceqi`m bc sem mqrm& Jsme `mrmah fh`iq`h% Fsaimeh ofh| `c wcbih osqif& Qmfksc|h y A|cai| qc wsqic|he m fm am|hembmbc w|hm% Qh|im ahe cf cqwmbie ce fm `meh& mlme mf ri`he& y fhq wchecq `mq

adm`lhecq bcf osqif fhq wsqc m|c`m|& bc `mec|m }sc }scbmlme ; m fhq osqifcq 2 mfm bc|cadm y 1 m fm y qc}sic|bm |ivc|h fh bcqriec m rcec| }sibmbh m fmea|m ceamqh 

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi =7; 

bc ho|hac|qc bm| ohebh& fc ceam|ksc mrhbhq }sc ksmebh fhq yebihq ri|ce ofcadmqeh mlmebhece fhq |c`hq%

$Ksc||m bc Riasf}si)

H|bcembhq mqi ehq wsqi`hq mam`iem|& eh mebhvi`hq `cbim fcksm }sc mf bm|sem vscfrm cf \ih fm lm|meam bcf Qh c|m mfrm y `hershqm& mvim `sadhq r|seahqamlmf`cerc ce fm osc|zm bc fm ah|icerc& y ce ffckmebh ce r|c fhq |c`c|h `cmlmebhem|he fhq |c`hq wm|m mkm|m| cf osqif& y qsc|rc }sc Mlme }sc rceim cf |c`hbcf ri`he eh mlmebhýh qs |c`h }sc biaicebhfc yh mf fmbh }sc mlim bc khlc|em|ehq qmom`hq lice bc fhq r|seahq& y hi`h `sadm a|irc|ih ecf `herc y Riasf}si

ehq a|irmvm rh`m rh`m ahadiffh& rh`m rh`m wheadh& Qh|im fc ahercqrmvm h`l|ceh ri|c ofcadmq qh`hq m`ikhq |cqwhebim Riasf}si rhvm eh }sic|c m`ikh& vceidh`l|c fcq bcaim Qh|im rc bm|c wheadh y ahadiffhq eh }sic|h |cqwhebim& Qh|imbiac }sc qc fc ahercqrñ ahe eiekheh& wh|adé cf eh }siqh& wh|aihe bc fmq ofcadmqvceime bcqbc fm lm|meam ce fiecm |crrm mf lm|ah& cqrmq rceime `sadm osc|qm ymfksemq wmqmlme fmq rmlfmq bcf ahqrmbh bcf lm|ah }sc c|me bc qcb|h y bc semwsfkmbm y }sm|rh bc k|scqh fmq }sc wckmlme ce fhq wm|m wcadhq bc asc|hqmfkhemq wmqmlme rhbm fm wserm mqrm wm|m|qc ce fm amým& y fm `myh| wm|rc vceimebc `mq mbcer|h bc fm lm|meam wh| cfcvmaihe y ehq amyme ceqi`m m`hbh bclh`lm& cqrmq rceime wham osc|qm& y amime ce cf rcadh bc fhq asc|hq fmq ofcadmq

ricece ah`h bhq vm|mq bc fm|kh& 3 rc|aimq bc amým vscam bcf k|scqh bcf bcbhadiah y sem rc|aim bc wserm bc se wmfh hqas|h y osc|rc%

M cqrm w|i`c|m bcqam|km eh }scbh c|ibh eiekheh& am`iem`hq y mf bm| fm hr|mvscfrm }sc rm`lice m vim `herc ehq yqic|he hr|m bcqam|km bc ofcadmq& y qc fcahercqrñ ahe bhq dh r|cq ri|hq bcosqif qhfm`cerc m fhq }sc qc bcqm|he vc|& wmqrh|cf bioserh biqh }sc mlim `sc|rh m seh bc cffhq& y }sc fh mlim viqrh amc|& ehqhr|hqceam|kmlm`h m fhq wchecq }sc eh ri|mqce mf `herc qieh m ambm ri|h w|has|mqcevhfrcm| m seh bc fhq yebihq }sc yqicqce ascerm bc amqm|& y mqi fh mqime% Fhq

yebihq ym cqrmlme m }si ce cqrc qckhebh fmksc& wh|}sé cf \ih vm bmebh vscfrmq&y `icer|mq ehqhr|hq am`iem`h sem vscfrm& cffhq wmqme ce fiecm |crrm mmksm|bm|ehq ecf am|mahf bc fm hr|m& cf \ih cq rme mekhqrh }sc fmq ofcadmq qhe`h|rmfcq bm se fmbh m fhr|h bcf \ih }smerhq `mq m ehqhr|hq }sc rceim`hq }scwmqm| qserh `iq`h m fm lm|meam ce bhebc cffhq cqrmlme c`lhqambhq& mercq bcri|m| fmq ofcadmq him`hq qic`w|c se qifvibh ah`h bc se m}sifm& sem wh|aihe bcfhq yebihq cqrmlme bc mamlmffh y fm `myh| wm|rc m wicq& cqrhq yebihq eh ricece`hadhq amlmffhq wh|}sc qc fh ah`ce& ce cqrm qckhebm bcqam|-km ehq ffcem|he bcofcadmq wc|h qie c|i| membicq& y k|irmebhehq fh `iq`h }sc ce fm w|i`c|m&rm`lice escqr|hq wchecq fc asfwcmlme fh `iq`h m cffhq% Mf bm| fm hr|m vscfrm y

cq bc mbvc|ri| }sc mf ric`wh }sc ehq mfcjmlm`hq bcf ri|h him`h m Riasf}si }scehq k|irmlm mqrm `mq mlmqirh& ce cqrm rc|ac|m bcqam|km rm`whah me c|ibh m embim&

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=74  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

fhq wchecq |h`wime fmq ofcadmq }sc cqrmlme afmvmbmq ecf ahqrmbh bcf Lm|ah ycefhq asc|hq y fmq ri|mlme m fmksm& yh fc bcaime }sc fmq cadce ce fm lhbckm wc|h

Qh|im fcq `mebmlm }sc fm ri|ce m fmksm bc qsc|rc }sc sem ilm m fm lhbckm y =7 mfmksm& }sc bcqwscq qicebh ehqhr|hq `mq mbcfmerc fhq yebihq qcri|mlme fm fmksmm|mahqc|fmq wm|m vhfvc|fmq mri|m| ahe fm wserm |hrrm% Qcksi`hq qic`w|c am-`iemebh }sc cf \ih vceim `sy lice& m fm hr|m vscfrm eh mlim `herc& y qcc`lhqam|he ce se bcqam`wmbh& wc|h seh bc cffhq mqh`ñ fm amlcqm cerheacescqr|h wchecq fhq yqic|he `sadm ls|fm khfwcmebhfc fm lham mf bm| fm hr|mvscfrm mlim `herc& y ehq yqic|he hr|m bcqam|km& qc fc ahercqrñ ahe 2 osqifmqhq&m}si }scbh c|ibh bc sem ofcadm A|cai| }sc qc fc afmvñ ce cf l|mzh iq}sic|bh&mfkhehq biace }sc fmq wsermq bc fmq ofcadmq qhe vcecehqm& wc|ñ yh qm}sc mA|cai| bhq mqriffm bmf l|mzh m fhq =4 `cqcq `icer|mq cqrmlm`hq ce escqr|h

amhrilc|ih& qie aherm| hr|mq `hadmq `mq adi}sirmq }sc fc qmfime ce}smebhce}smebh `icer|mq ilm ws|kmebh fm c|ibm& cf ehrslh `mq `cbiah ei `mq|c`cbih }sc fm w|hvibceaim& bc aheqiksicerc fm wserm eh c|m vcecembm& A|cai|aheqc|vm fmq mqriffm k|mebc }sc yh fc qm}sc y fmq ricec m}si ce qs whbc|%

Mf bm| fm hr|m vscfrm c|m bcqam`wmbm ahe qhfm`cerc se m|lhf bc mfkm|hyh& ybcqwscq }sc cqrsli`hq wmqmbhq bcfm|lhf ah`h whah `mq bc sem }smb|m vi`hse yebih m r|m bc fmfkm|hvh y Mfcjmeb|h Qmfm }sc c|m om`hqh ri|mbh| fc ri|ñ`icer|mq cf yebih eh `hqr|mlm `mq }sc fm amlcqm y fh yqh amc| y qc vibh se

bcqwm|m`hq bcofcadmq wh| cf mi|cq }sc m fm }scerm fm lmfm bcqwscq bc wmqm|fc fmamlcqm fc wckh rm`lice ec fmrmbh bc qsq ofcadmq y qc bcqwm|m`m|he& mffm vi`hqah|c| fhq yebihq bc mwié y bc mamlmffh%

Mf bm| fm hr|m vscfrm fm bcqam|km mqibh mfkh `ceh& se whah `mq mlmjirh mlim seyebih `hqh mf wic bc fm lm|meam }sc c|m mfkh cqam|wmbm y cqrmlm ahe qs m|ah yofcadm cqahebibm ce fm `mqickm mksm|bmebh }sc wmqmqc`hq wm|m mqcks|m| mmfkheh bc ehqhr|hq& fhq wchecq fh vic|he& y fhq 2 ahe fhq osqifcq wsermbh m fiebih}sc ehq ilm`h mqc|amebh& bcaime m cqrc Bhe Wmlfh fc ri|m`h& eh fc ri|ce bcaim cf&fc ri|m`h eh fc ri|ce& }sc cqrh c|m fh }sc qic`w|c bcaàm Qh|im c fiebih qc w|cwm|m

wm|m ri|m| fm ofcadm eh biqrmebh bm cf m ehqhr|hq 1 vm|mq wh|}sc fm ah|icerc ehqffclmlm ce fmq dscffmq m qi qc|am bc fm lm|meam& yh vicebh }sc Qh|im eh }sic|c }scfc `mrce y }sc fiebih ylm m fm|km| fm ofcadm fc k|irc ri|cefc& fc ri|m|he fhq 2ehbiqrmebh bc fm lham bc fh osqifcq m fiebh bhq vm|mq y }scbh `sc|rh% Mf bm|hr|m vscfrm diqc osqifm| hr|h yebih vickh wh| cf `iq`h qrifh }scrhr|h& ehq iqic|hehr|m bcqam|km ahe whamq ofcadmq& mf bm| hr|m vscfrm ehq yqic|he hr|m bcqam|km cqrmos é fm `mq adi}sirm& fm qcrri`m y fm sfri`m am`iem`h se whah `mq> y osebcm`hqwm|m wmqm| fm ehadc }sc ym c|m rm|bc& cqrc bim am`iem`hq `mq }sc eiekhe bim cf|ih licec `si hebh& y ahe lmqrmercq r|heahq fm lm|meamq mfrmq y wh| cqh cq }sc ehwhbim`h vc|fhq yebihq wc|ñ qc yh hr|m vcz rslic|m bc wmqm| wh| mffi whec|im mflm|ah se m|lhf ahe sem ahom bc fmfrh| bc fmq lm|meamq }sc qc|me bm =< vm|mq bcmfrh y ce wm|rc `mq ceqà`m bc fm ahom bhq h`l|c ahe bhq r|mlhahq& y fc m|im 

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi =79 

wm|mwcadh bc asc|h wm|m ml|ikh bc fm ofcadm& cqrhq eh bcqm|ime m|i`m| m fmlm|meam m eiekseh yebihq%

Riasf}si ehq bijh m fmamlm| fsfri`m bcqam|km mqrm `mýmem& y eseam `cerim%

$Mlm|im)

Wscq ehqhr|hq c|m`h qcks|hq bc fm wmfml|m bc Riasf}si bc aheqiksicerc fhc|m`h rm`lice bc }sc ehq mr|mamqc ce fhq bhq qmfrhq ah`h biqh bijh m`i&ehqhr|hq eh qslim`hq }sc rmf whbime qc| fhq qmfrhq& wc|ñ wh| adiah }sc oscqce&

qmfrhq mlime bc qc|& yh w|has|mlm fm qmfvmaihe bcf lm|ah wh|-}sc qi fh wc|bim`hqmlic|m`h wc|bibh fm vibm h`mem bc fhq yebihq& bc aheqiksicerc biqc m Qh|im fhqqmfrhq cqrme qc|am& fhq yebihq ehq qiksce wm|m mr|mam|ehq mffà& ehqhr|hqrceb|c`hq }sc bcqm|ehq amc| wh| fhq Qmfrhq& cf Lm|ah cq bclif& wscbc m ofhjm|ehqmfkhe rm|skh caa% m`mq bc cqrh whbc`hq vm|m| ce mfkhe bcqwfmymbh wh| se whah`mq }sc amfc`hq bc mksm& y qc| mffi mr|mambhq aa% bc aheqiksicerc fc biqc cq `iwm|cqc| cadm| rhbh m =mksm bcjmebh qhfm`cerc fh ecacqm|ih wm|m fm aheqc|vmaihebcf Lm|ah y bc fmvibm& S% eh y|ih|m fm bclifibmb bc escqr|h Lm|ah wscq eh cqcadh wm|m am|km| embm y mqi qc|í S% |cqwheqmlfc bc fm vibm bc ehqhr|hq c`hqh bcwc|bc|fm wh| omfrm|ehq cf Lm|ah caa%

Qh|im eh }siqh mqc|qc am|kh bc |cqwheqmlifibmb y mqi `mebh ri|m| rhbh mfmksm&m`ceh fh }sc c|m bc ws|m ecacqibmbm%

Qcri|ñ ?7 m|hvm bc rmvmah bc A|cai| fh }smf Qh|im qc ah`w|h `crih wmkm|qcfh ahe=< m|hvm `mq }sc bcf `iq`h a|cai| mlim |cwm|ribh mfhq wchecq wm|m os`m| y|ckmfmbh m fhq yebihq }sc qhe fmq ;< m|hvm%

Qc|cri|h rm`lice ?1 qh}scrcq bc `mbc|m }sc r|mi`hq bc escqr|mq bc ?1 amfibmbcqbiooc|cercq& y rhbmq srifcq%

Qcri|? se k|mebc `h|rc|h& bhq k|mebc lmrcmq& cra%

Bc fhq asc|hq bc fmq wcrmamq bcf rmvmah bc A|cai| rhbhq fhq wchecq qc iqic|he sewheadh wh| }scbm| mqi qsq asc|whq `mq ml|ikmbh bc fmq ofcadmq& Qh|im qc yqhbhq& wh|}sc cf `icbh c|m bhlfc% Jsme @mrmah qc yqh m `hbh bc se ym}scrhe }scfc biqrmlm bmf asc|wh ah`h sem }sm|rm bc vm|m cqrc c|m `mq qcks|h& A|cai| qc

yqh mqc| wh| Jsme hr|h y}smf& wm|caime rmebhq omermq`m& yh y qc bc asc|h semah|mqm }sc Fm wheim ceqi`m bc Im ym}scrm fc mlhrhemlm fhq amfqhecq ceqi`m& y

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==7  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

wheim ceqi`m bc cffm cf ymfcah bc `hbh }sc eh qc whbim vc| ei `c bmlmceah`hbibm mfksem& eh `c cek|hqmlm `hadh wh|}sc cerheac c|m se whah `mq

}sc cq}scfcrh& amsqm bc fm ceoc|`mbmb }sc rslc& ksiqc }sc fhq hr|hq yqicqceah|mqmq rm`lice& wc|h `mq m`mlme cf wheadh& Escqr|h lm|ah& escqr|h c}siwmkc&fmq ofcadmq }sc rceim`hq ecf rcadh bc asc|hq& c|m ahqm bikem bc vc|qc

M fm `m|imem vi`hq fhq yebihq ce bhq r|hqhq bm fm wm|rc bcf E%C% y Riasf}si cecffhq& yqi`h ahqiem| cf rsfwh wm|m bm| bc ah|ec| m escqr|m kcerc& y rm`lice mehqhr|hq bcqwscq bc ah`c| ehq whqi`hq m am`iem| se whah wc|h maim vcerhosc|rc y ce wm|rc ehq mr|mamlm m fm lm|meam& y mqi ceaher|mebh se bcqwmymbhoh|`mebh se lmeah bc m|cem bm fm wm|rc bcf E%C% y fm lm|meam bcf Qh mfkh lmjirm&

bc `hbh }sc whbim`h khkm| m}si ahe fmq am|hembm& bi`hq ohebh y ehq bcjm`hqcqrm|% Riasf}si qc mam`wñ ahe qs kcerc mf E%C% biqrmeaim bc bhq }smb|m whah`mq wc|h qc cqrmlme fhq yebihq bc `hbh }sc eh whbim`hq hocebc|fhq&ce}smebh ce}smebh vcim`h cf qh`w|c|h bc Riasf}si%

Qc wsqh m ffhvc|& y qcksih mqi ffhvicebh rhbm fm ehadc% Wh|m}si ym fmq mksmq ehqhe wc|ihbiam ah`h m|ilm%

M fhr|h bim cf ric`wh c|m ffhvihqh y vicerh osc|rc& m fm rm|bc Riasf}si qc mqh`h

se whah ahe fm amlcqm Qh|im fh ffm`h vceidh`l|c rc bm|c wheadhq& Riasf}siahercqrh ricece am|ihecq& fhq am|ihecq cqrmlme ahe fm lhaam mqi m Riasf}rri i fhqbhvi`hq vscfrmq ahe fm amfmrm mqi m cf& ce rheadc Riasf}si qc mqh`h m Amlmffhbiqh }scfhq bc fm hr|m lmebm c|me yebihq `mfhq& vhq qhiq cf `mfh fc bcaim Qh|im&Wmrhri cq cf `mfh bcaim Riasf}si& Qh|im mlfmlm ahe sem s`ifbm iea|cilfc& Riasf}siahe sem vhq mlfmlm bc `sadh as|mkc& cf eck|h Fh|cezh Ofh|cq qc ce hjh aheQh|im y fc bijh cffhq k|irme osc|rc k|ircfc osc|rc S% rm`lice& y qi S% ricec `icbhehqhr|hq fc k|irm|c`hq& cerheac Qh|im fcq biqh m Riasf}si& `i|mq yh qhi lscewmb|c y c|`meh bc ohebhq fhq yebihq y qi vscfvcq mri|m| ofcadmq wckm|c osckh mfAmýhe y `mrm|m m rhbhq fhq yebihq cqrh fc bijh ahe rhbm qsq osc|qmq& cqrm cq cf

bcqcekmýh }sc biac Qh|im ce qs fil|iffh |cailic|he qsoiaicerc cra% o% <;% Mfctmeb|h}siqh ri|m| se lmfmqh m Riasf}si y Qh|im eh }siqh%

$mbihq bc Riasf}si)

Riasf}si qc |iri|h y bcqwscq bc se |mrirh vhfvih mqs`m| fm amlcqm y biqh osc|rcmbihq ri|ñ sem ofcadm fm }smf qc afmvñ ecf lmeah bc m|cem& y qc |cri|ñ%

Bc`mq Riasf}si `ceràm y c|m |ckhfm| qc oscqc wh|}sc ehq bijh mbihq& y eh mqrm`mýmem%

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi === 

$bcf Qmfrh bc yzh )

Mf bim qiksicercq cer|m`hq ce sem ameadm fm|km y bc|cadm lm|meamq mfrmq cf \ihmekhqrh w|hosebh y ah|cerhqh }smerh `mq am`iemlm`hq c|m fm ah|icerc `mqosc|rc mqrm }sc dhi`h se |sibh osc|rc& w|cwm|m`hq fmq mea|mq& y ce ffckmebhbhebc cf \ih bmlm sem vscfrm ah`h qc vc ecf Wfme mffi cqrmlm cf Qmfrh bi`hqohebh mercq bc ffckm| ce fm amibm bc fmksm& m}si cf \ih c|m mfkh `mq meadh yrceim se k|me lmeah bc a|cbm macirhqm mf E%C% }sc qhl|c qmfim bcf mksm ah`h semvm|m ce cf `mq mfrh mlim ce cf mfkhehq |mikhecq rceb|m bc fm|kh ah`h =97 vm|mqwhah `mq dh `cehq y bc meadh 47 vm|mq bcqbc cf mksm mqrm fm Lm|meam mfrm bcfE%C%%

Ecf `cbih dh `mq mf Qh mlim hr|h lmeah miqfmbh }sc fh qcwm|mlm bc fm Lm|meambcf Qh se amemfirh bc mksm ah`h bc =4 qmq bc meadh ce bhebc `mq rceim cqrclmeah ah`h 97 m =77 vm|mq bc fm|kh& y bm ?7 vm|mq bc meadh ce cf `cbih c|m cf`mq mfrh }sc ml|m qibh bcf eivcf bc fmksm sem vm|m y bc mffi ilm ce bi`iesaihmqrm m fmksm m `hbh bc wfmym& cer|c fhq bhq lmeah mlim se amemf ah`h bc <4vm|mq bc meadh wh| cf }smfqc bcqahfkmlm fmksm ahe w|caiwirmzihe mf `hbh bc seadiofhe bc `hfieh& y ilm mr|hwczm| cf osc|rc bc fm ah||icerc ce cf lmeah bcf E%C%}sc qc mlmeqmlm ceo|cerc bcf adiofhe ah`h qcvc ecf wfme% @c masc|bh `sy lice}sc ce =4 dh <7 vm|mq bcfm|kh }sc mv|m rceibh fm amibm& c bhvi`h sem vm|m bc

amibm& eh ehq mr|cvi`hq m wmqm| wh| cf bc `icbh bc r|hwcqm| ecf lmeah& ehqbcrc|`iem`hq wmqm| wh| cf amemfirh& mse}sc mlim ce fm h|iffm bcf lmeah vm|ihq`hkhrcq bc fm `iq`m a|cbm bcf Lmeah m `hbh bc wmecq bc mzsam| y }sc fmksmeh fh ksqrmvm wh| qc| bc fm `iq`m a|cbm bcf Lmeah y mqcirhqm cqrhq mekhqrmlmecf amemfirh `mq wc|ñ vi }sc mlim fsksm| mse}sc mwcem wm|m wmqm| ehqbcrc|`iem`hq wmqm| wh| cf& fm ah|icerc bcf amemfirh c|m osc|rc wc|h bivibibh cebhq& cqrhcq rceim m `hbh bc se adiofheairh ecf `cbih bcf fm|kh bcq amemf y hr|h mfmamlm| dh mf bcqc`lham| cf amemfirh ecf \ih wmqmlm`hq wh| cf oifmebhqc wh| seamlfc wm|m }sc fm w|hm eh qc `cricqc ce mfkhe `hkmrc& y ahe eh `sy whah`icbh bc fhq yebihq%

Cqrc amemfirh ahe <4 dh`l|c ce sem qc`mem ahe mqmbmq eh`mq fhwheb|im cecqrmbh wm|m wmqm| wh| cf se lm|ah bc =< vm|mq bc meadh& y sem bc amfmbh& cfric`wh bc a|caicerc eh wscbc mlc| qieh sem osc|rc ah|ice-rc% Qh|im fc biñ cfeh`l|c bc Qmfrh bc yzñ%

$Fmkh bc Fs|lc)

Qcksi`hq am`iemebh y mf bm| fm hr|m vscfrm hi`hq hr|h `h|`hffh bc fmksm&mwcem ffckm`hq& vi`h mf \ih meadh }sc oh|`mlm m `hbh bc fmksem& y ahe `sy

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==<  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

wham ah|icerc bi`hq ohebh& wh|}sé vi`hq }sc `mq mlmqhq qc mekhqrmlm fmksmcer|c bhq lmeahq bc a|cbm macirhqm y oh|`mlm sem osc|rc ah||icerc mqqim`h|`hffh& yqc m`m|m| se amlfc m ric||m& wm|m oifm|ehq wh| cf& cqrm `meihv|m rslc}sc mqc|fm m}si wh|}sc eh whbim oim|`c bc fhq wchecq wh| eh qc| cffhq `m|ieh&ehq oifm`hq y wmqmlm`hq& `sy lice wscq eh ho|cqc eiekse hqrmahfh& fmqbcqA|iaihe bc cqrc wmqh cq rmf }smf cqrm ecf wfmeh& Qh|im fc bih cf eh`l|c bc Wmqhbc Fs|lc%

Mwwcemq wmqm`h yqc ohebcm| wm|m bcqmrm| cf amlfc }sc mlim`hq m`m|mbh mric||m& qc oifh se }sm|rh bc fm ambcem y mfkh `mq qie }sc fmea|m mikm rh`mbhohebh& wm|cqc }sc m}si slicqc se whqh y qckse `i meriksm`cerc bclim bc mlc|sem k|me amibm%

Cf |c`meqh }sc oh|`mlm ehq bcrceim qc bcqmrh cf amlfc qc qhvih fmea|m y qcqiksih am`iemebh& cer|c lm|meamq `sy mfrmq kcec|mf`cerc `hershQmQ bc`mbc|mq srifcq& cf \ih `sy w|hosebh mekhqrh y mfkh ah|cerhqh%

$Jsme Jhqé Amqi}sc)

Cf bim qiksicerc qcksi`h am`iemebh% Fm ah|icerc ym eh c|m rmerh osc|rc wc|ñ fm

adiamq vscfrmq vhfvime m`mqkmbc|cm| se whah& `mq mlmjh ceaher|m`hq se yebihahe bhq `hadmadhq ceqi`m bc fm lm|meam bcf Qh }sc vceim mqi m|ivm dh mqimehqhr|hq& qmeriksmebhqc& fcq w|ckserm`hq }sice c|m& ehq bijh }sc cf c|m Jsme

 Jhqé Amqi}sc bc se fmbh y bcf hr|h bcf \ih fcq biqi`hq }sc ehq bitcqc bc }scemaihe c|m& ehq bcaih }sc cf c|m yebih eh`mq& fh ah`libm`h mlh|bh yeh }siqhvcei| bc `icbh bc wmkm| wh| fhq bc `mq m|ivm& fcq whqi`hq ce fm lm|meam bhqkh||h ybhq ahadiffhq }sc qc fhq osc m rh|em| mwcemq sli`hq wmqmbhq& bcqwscq`mq mlmjh vieh mlh|bh y fh vcqri`h& y qc osé& `mq mlmjh qc vhfvih m vcei| ahehr|h }sc bcaim }sc c|m qs c|`meh& }sc rm`lice fh vcqri`h y qc }scbm|hemlh|bh mam`iem| ahe ehqhr|hq%

M fm rm|bcairm ceaher|m`hq se k|me lmeah bc a|cbm m fm wm|rc bcf Qh wckmbh mffmlm|meam bcf `iq`h fmbh cqrc c|m c|`hqh fhkm| wm|m wmqm| fm ehadc& wh|}sé m}siyhkmvme lice fmq am|hembmq& bi`hq ohebh& y `mebm`h m Bh`iekh adh}sc ahebhq wchecq `mq ecf lmeah m ahaiem| l|mzmq& ce cqrh vieic|he `mq yebihq& y viehfm ehadc& Jsme Jhqé ahe qs c|`meh qc osc|he m ric||m& y qsqcbc }sc Adh}sc amiñmfmksm& y r|mq cf qc ri|m|he bhq yebihq wm|m qmfvm|fh& ahe cqrh qhqcbàh mflh|hrh&ehqhr|hq a|cycebh }sc fhq yebihq mikme `sc|rh m escqr|hq wchecq cqrmlm`h ymwm|m ri|m|fc ahe fmq am|hembmq% ksmebh vi`hq wh| fm fsz bcf osckh m Em|aiqh }scqc qcam }sc mehvc|fh slic|m`hq cadhq sem `mrmezm rc|ilfc y mqi qc |ckmfh mfhqbhq yebihq qmam|he m Adh}sc bhq asadiffhq ambmseh y se kh|h rm`liceambmseh%

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi ==1

Cf hr|h bim ehq bijh Jsme Jhqé }sc ehq ilm mksm|bm| m qs amqm& y ehqhr|hq

qcksi`hq m am`iem|%

@mq mlmjh ceaher|m`hq ce sem lm|meam lmjm m `hbh bc wmym m Jsme Jhqé ahe`hadm ceafimbm bc rhbh qcqh& fc |ckmfm`hq Ahadiffhq& Kh||hq& ksmfcahq&Amfqhecq& vm}scrmq wm|m |cwm|ri| m qsq kcercq& rm`lice fc |ckmfm-`hq se qmah bc`miq& y se mrmbh bcf adm|}sc& wscq }sc ym qmlim`hq }sc cqrmlm`hq qc|am bcfbcqc`lh}sc%

$fsme Jhqé acfcl|m fm wmq

Mf |caili| cqrh Jsme Jhqé ce fm wfmym& mkm|ñ sem a|imrs|irm bc wcadh m sem adiem& yahe cffm ce fm `mehq fm rceim m|ilm qhl|c qs amlcqm qmfrmvm& ffh|mebh& y k|irmebhmqsq kcerc& y qsq kcerc fh `i|mlme ahe `sadh qifceaih& cqrm qacem bs|ñ ah`h se}sm|rh bc h|m y wsqc fm a|imrs|m ceric||m ehq bijh m ehqhr|hq& ce ceam|kmbh m `ikcerc qic`w|c wmq ahe fhq qmfrcýhq }sc bme bc ah`c| m fhq whl|cq yebihq`sc|rhq bc dm`l|c& y fhq Wm|mksmyhq lmfm qcýh|%%%

Cqrm osc|he fmq wmfml|mq }sc ehq bijh cf amqi}sc Jsme Jhqé ahe vivmq bc-q`hqr|maihe bc vcbmbc|m m`iqrm%

Bcqwscq ehq biqh }sc cf ehq ilm m ksm|bm| ce fm whqrm bc ah||icerc $Cqrm whqrm}sc ehq bcaim Jsme Jhqé bclàm bcqc| se hl|mjc bc `mbc|m bc fhq ah||ceriehq%

]smebh |ck|cqm`h bc escqr|m bcrceaihe ecf Wm|mksmy cqrmebh ce ah||icerc bijhcf Caacfceràqi`h Qckeh| Khlc|embh| Bhe Wcb|h Oc|i m Qh|im m%%%%)& ehqhr|hqbcaim`h }sc whqrm cq cqrm ce cf Admah fc w|ckse-rm`hq }smermq fcksmq mlim m fmwhqrm& ehq bcaim }sc `mq mlmjirh& ah`h 3 m ? fcksmq y qc osé%

@mq mlmjh ceaher|m`hq sem yqfm adiam y `sershqm bc m|lhfc srifcq& fh `iq`hcefmq bhq lm|meamq& bcqbc m}si qc wscbce qmam| `mbc|mq `sy c|`hqmq& Qh|imbiñ cf eh`l|c m cqrm yzfm bc E$%%%%) & m}si }scbm`hq mwmqm| fm ehadc% M fm`mýmem qmfi|ehq y wmqm|ehq ahe cf Lm|ah wh| cf Amemf bcf E%C% y `mebc }sc semamehirm wmqm|m wh| cf amemf bcf Qh }sc fhq bhq rceime mksm lmqrmerc& cqrh cq cf`ceh ohebh ? rc|aimq bc vm|mq& mwcemq sli`hq wmqmbhq fm yzfm ceaher|m`h bc fmwm|rc bcf eivcf bc mksm& y eh vceim wh| cf mksm mfksem% ]smerh `mq ylm`hq `mqmlmjh fmq lm|meamq y dme lmqmebh `mq y ce wm|rc m vim wfmymq bc m|cemq& `mq

mlmjh ceaher|m`h se wm|mkc }sc fmksm qc bcqwm|m`mlm y eh mlim `mq }sc semvm|m bc ohebh%

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==2  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

Mfm ehadc bhvi`hq ohebh }sc ym c|m asmqi hqas|h y mf |sibh bc fm ambcem%

hà`hq se k|mebc mflh|hrh bc yebihq }sc qc mlime mqsqrmbhq%

M fm `mýmem qcksi|ehq am`iemebh y ce aher|m`hq bc fm wm|rc bcf E%C% se|imadirh `sy c|`hqh r|mim |ckhfm| mksm& yh fc whqc cf eh`l|c bcf \ih lcffh `mqmlmqh ceaher|m`hq se k|mebc wmf`m|& cf vicerh ehq mr|mamvm% bc`hbh }sc ehwhbim`h am`iem| y mqà wm|m`hq m }si%

$Bcqc`lh}sc ecf \ih Wm|mksmy)

Mfm `mýmem ehq wsqi`hq m am`iem| y fmq y bc fm `mýmem bcqc`lham-`hq ce sek|mebc \ih }sc mf `h`cerh biqi`hq cqrc cq cf %\ih Wm|mksmy%

Bcqbc cf bcqc`lh}sc mqrm mf qmfrh bc yzñ cf \ih qc wscbc emvckm| ahe se lm|ahbc ; }sm|rhq bc amfmbh& ahe fm qcks|ibm }sc eh ce ascer|m|í `mq }sc se wmqh bcsem vm|m wc|ñ mfijmebh qc wmqm mf `h`cerh wh|}sc cq `sy as|rh& cq bcmbvivc|ri| }sc cf \ih bcf Wm|mksmy c|m a|caibh& wc|ñ cf Lm|ah lmjh%

$Cer|ickm i oie)

Fm mfck|im }sc khqmlm`hq rhbhq c|m ie cqwfiamlfc wh| mlc|ehq qmombhq bc qc|ah`ibhq mqmbhq wh| fhq lm|lm|hq% yh wm|riahfm|`cerc Qcerim se jhlifh ce `iwcadh }sc eh`m fh mlim w|cvmbh yh bcaim m`i `iq`h& m bcqwcadh bcf A|scfQh|im& bc fmq ceoc|`cbmbcq& y bc `iq k|mebc r|mlmqhq& bi oie m`iq hlfikmaihecq&ahe |cqwi|m| rhbmlim `i vibm& yh `c bcaim m h|m& `c }scbm|c qmoh `sy w|herh bc`mebm| m cqrhq wchecq& w|herh `c qmom|c bc Qh|im& y ahercerh |cqwi|m|c y|cqwheb|c `i qmfsb%

Wscq mwcemq bcqc`lsam`hq bcqasl|i`h sem amqm ce fm ahqrm bcf Wm|mksmy& ahecf merchjh vci`hq kcerc }sc eh biqrieksi`hq qi c|me h`l|c dh `hkc|cq& wscqmffm ehq bi|iki`hq& y mfm ac|am`hq `mq ahehai`hq }sc c|me ahe adi|iwm }scmw|cqs|mbhq madmlme fhq Amlmffh mf ah|mf Ahehai-`hq }sc qc rilime cqsqrmbhq fcwhqi`hq lmebc|m lfmeam& wc|ñ ce qiffm|he y qc biqwm|m|he rhbhq& A|cai| bijh m}scvm`hq m}si vm`hehq bc|cadh m ah|icercq& Qh|im bcaàm m `i }sc biac S% yh fcbcqim }sc `i hlfikmaihe qc mamlh ecf bcqc`lh}sc bcf \ih Lc|`cqh }sc cf c|m cfAmwirme y biqwhqic|m& a|cai| ieqrmlm y bcaim }sc qi rham`h mffi ehq mlime bcceambcem| bcbhq cebhq y mqc`hq am|km| fmb|iffhq ce `cbih bc fm wfmzm bc fm

amwirmf& Qh|im bcaim }sc rceim }sc r|mrm| y }sc eh ah`wim ahe qm ah`iqihe qierham| mffi% a|cai| fc bcaim }sc bc Ah||icercq whbim r|mrm| Qh|im bcaim m`i }sc fc wm

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi ==3

|cac m S% B%E% yh }sc `sy lice ahehaim m Qh|im fh }sc bcqwscq whbim qhqcbc|`c

amsqm bc qs k|mebc mvm|iaim qie y}smf%%%%fc |cqwhebim }sc qi qm Ah`iaihe c|m bcrham| ecf Wm|mksmy& vm`hq mffi& }sc qi eh fh c|m vm`hq mlmjh& }sc cf c|m cfAmwirmeh y }sc cf Qhfh qc|m hlcbcaibh& A|cai| cerheac qc fh Ifclmlme fhq bimlfhqwc|h wh| fhq wchecq osé `cemqmbh bc `sc|rc& qi eh amffimlm fm lham% mr|mam`h mfm lm|meam bcf Wm|mksmy mf oie bc fm Ksm|bim bc Rmffi }sc rmf c|m fm amqm& y ehmlim se mf`m rhbhq qc mlime cqamwmbhq bc `icbh bc ehqhr|hq& m }si A|cai| wibiñsem amehirm wh| i|qc m Ah||icerc& yh eh }siqc wh|}sc eh `c wm|caiñ lice&bcqwscq bc se fm|kh |mrh& vieh se qm|kcerh Wm|mksmyh m amlmffh ceqi`m bc fmlm|meam m `i|m|ehq Qh|im fcq biqh lcekm wm|m m mam dh`l|c qh`hq m`ikhq ehrcekm `icbh& }sc qh`hq a|iqrimehq& }sc vcei`hq bc Qmfrm% cf Wm|mksmyh ce rheac

bijh vcekm wm|m am S% Qh|im qc osé mffm& y `icer|mq ahevc|qmlm ffckñ fmf oc|c \smahe ahe sehq qhfbmbhq m Amlmffhq& y ffckh fmfoc|c Rmfmvc|m ahe bhq amehmq aheqhfbmbhq Qh|im c}sivham wheicebh fmfmvc|m wh| ric||m y \sm ce fm amehm& wc|hwhah i`wh|rm cqrh& fmqserh c qmlc| }sc m }si cer|ckm-`h wh| `mebmbh bc Qh|imfmq m|`mq m fmfoc|c Rmfmvc|m& bcqwscq bc mlc| cer|ckmbh fmq m|`mq ehq }sirm|hefhq |c`hq& y fmq Amehmq ehq aherm|he ah`h aml|mq& y bcjh fmfoc|c \sm bc ksm|bimm ehqhr|hq mqrm escvm h|bce%

Cqrc cq cf _cerm|he& y fm ah|icercq& y- fm _hz& }sc ehq mr|mañ _cme cf fil|iffh bc

Qh|im& ah`h `icerc o%27 y 2=%

M}si c hlqc|vmbh fm fmfrm wh| `cbih bc rmds|m `cbimem fm Frs|m bc <?7 4=+ 3<++Qsb ahe fiaceaim bc fmfoc|c \sm%

Cf bim =9 ehq ffcvm|he cqr|imebh mqrm Ec`lsah y eh whqic|h ce$ ) m}si ah`i yhse whah bc wme y `c vhfvih cf Adcadh%

M}si wmkh Qh|im m fhq wchecq =< wcqhq m ambm wche& m`ceh Qmfksc|h y fhq bhqierc|w|crc }sc eseam fc bme embm%%%%y eh ce Rmffi

Hadh bimq bcqwscq& fmfoc|c rmfmlc|m ehq lieh m fc| fm qiksicerc h|bce bcf Qcýh|Qhw|c`h Biarmbh|

H|bce

Bi|mq mfhq }sc Amwirmeime m fmq lm|am vceibm bc Qmfrm }sc wh| qs marh mr|hq&

mr|cvibh& bcqvc|kheqmbh& bcqwhriah& y ieaheqhfcerc% }sc cqhq wiam|hemqh bcfQmfrcýhq qc jserm|he& ahe cqhq fmb|hecq bc Wh|rcýhq }sc wc|qsbiam|he bc rmerhq

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==?  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

`iffhecq bc wcqhq m cqrm w|hvieaim& }sc qi }sic|ce vhfvc|qc wm|m mr|mq qc vscfvce

y eh }sc qc |c`irce m cqrh }sc qc fcq bm|m bcqrieh& wm|m mlmjh eh dme bc di|%

Qh|m fc ahercqrñ }sc fc c|m rme omaif vhfvc|qc wm|m mr|mq ah`h bc m}sà m fm Fsem&yh fc biqc }sc cqrmlm ceoc|`h& y }sc `c wheim ce fmq `mehq bc qs Ctacfceaimbiqwhqicqc bc `i fh }sc osc|m bc qs mk|mbh& A|cai| w|ckserñ qi whq $cer|ckm|mfmq m|`mq fc |cqwhebih }sc cf eh qmlim cerheqc A|cai| $%%%%) ) fhq wchecq fc biqc|he}sc fh }sc maime qsq wmr|hecq dmaime cffhq rm`lice% Cerheac `c bijh m`i& H|bcebc qs Ctacfceaim }sc fc `mebc S% qs Wfme bim|ih qc fh bi y fc bijh }sc qi ksqrme fcsei|im wm|m }sc qs Ctacfceaim vic|m \ih `cqh|%

Cf Ah`mebmerc `c fh bcvhfvih biaicebh`c }sc mqi fh diaic|m y bih wm|rc mfBiarmbh|%

M fhq hadhq bimq vieh fm h|bce }sc qc fc `mebc cf wfme bim|ih& qc fh `mebc& jsqrm`cerc ahe cf |cheibh%

Fhq `mfhq bimq yh wmqmlm amsqm bc `i ceoc|`cbmb qhe iea|cilfc& `c osé eckmbhse amfmlhqh wm|m ml|ikm|`c%

Qh|im& A|cai|& y yh mksm|bmlm`hq ambm bim fm Qcerceaim bc qc| osqifmbhq $seiahw|c`ih }sc qscfce bm| fhq ri|mehq) qckhe ehq bmlme m cercebc| fhq qhfbmbhq }scehq ksm|bimlme%

Mfhq whahq bimq vieh h|bce bc r|mrm|ehq lice%

Cf bim w|i`c|h bc Cec|h bcf =4<; eh iqic|he r|mqlh|bm| mlh|bh bc sem Khfcrm

wm|m mksmq m|ilm bcjmebh ahelm|am| m Qh|im rhbhq fhq adiq`cq bc escqr|h lm|ah&y qmfi`hq ahe bcqrieh mksmq m|ilm ffckm`hq ce fm Amwirmf ce fm }smf cqrsli`hq 3bimq qi whbc| mlfm| ahe embicq& y qmfi`hq escvm`cerc wh| m|ivm& ecf Am`ieh cf_m}scmeh r|sjh mlh|bh sem oscerc bc `icf ahe }scqh y `miq rhqrmbh& rhbhvcec|h wh| adhadh& yh |mlihqh bc `i qsc|rc& y bc `i qmfs& y mlhfibh ym bc vivi|&ah`i bc cqrh `mq }sc se qmeh& fsckh `c bih fm amfcers|m }sc `c bcth r|cqehadc y bhq bimq& y qc `c ah|rh cf cf adhadh%

Cf bim 2 bc Ocl|c|h fckm`hq ce fm _iffm \cmf& cf bim 4 cf ah`mebmerc `mebh

lmqm| mric||m m fhq wchecq m r|cq m r|cq y fhq ilm cer|ckmebh m fhq hoiaimfcq bc fmAh`wmým }sc qc fh ffcvm|he m osc|m& sfri`m`cerc ehq diqh lmqm| m ehqhr|hq r|cq& 

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi ==;

Qh|im& A|cai|& y yh m}si ehq diqh se |ckiqr|h qa|hwsfhqh }sirmebhehq rhbhq

escqr|hq wmwcfcq& m Qh|im fc }sirm|he se fil|h bc ascermq& y qs bim|ih& }sc ce fhqbhq eh& mwsermlm `mq }sc fhq k|mehq bc `myq bcf @herc y sem ahwim bcfc`lcerm|ih bc qs Amqm m A|cai| fc rh`m|he semq am|rmq& y m`i fh qiksicerc& Seharmerc c|`hqh& fmq rmlfmq bc fhq fhkm|ir`hq bc Amffcr& @mam|rc& y Lhkhs|& m`lhqr|mrmbhq bc emsriam& bhq rh`hq bc fmq rmlfmq bc fhq vicerhq ah||icercq y `m|cqahehaibhq ce rhbhq fhq `m|cq bcf kfhlh& cf `mesmf bc fhq rc|`iehq `m|iehq&Fmfkcl|m bc Fma|hiq& m|ir`criam bc Lczsr& cf ahehai`icerh bc fhq ric`whq& cra%cra% fhq `mq }sc m|meañ bc `i mf`m& meqibh fhq Amfasfhq& bcfhqhlqc|vmaihecqmqr|mf }sc mlim cadh%

Bcqwscq ehq Ifclñ ce fm viffm& y ehq whqh ce se }sm|rirh m fhq r|cq& y ehq bikh S%m}si qhe fil|cq& |clhq}sceqc embic fc m`hfcqrm|í ce fmbm& y qcosé& bcqmebhehqce fm`mq eck|m qirsmaihe& m}si ah|rh `i |cfmaihe wh| mdh|m ahe qhfh bcai|& }scc|m qic`w|c wc|qcksibh wh| cf adhadh& }sc cqrhvc =7 `cqcq y bimq qie bh|`i| eibc ehadc y ei bc bimq& =3 `cqcq ahe lsqmq& qie mlc|fmq `c|caibh%

]sc wh| whahq fmq _ifficemq `c A|sqioiame ah`h fhq yebihq m A|iqrh cra% cra% wm|mcqa|ili| `iq mahercai`icerhq ce viffm |cmf ecacqirh `mq ric`wh& y }smebh qc|mecqa|irhq `c r|mrm|me bc c`lhqrc|h& wc|h qc|me vc|bmbcq%

Cf bim =4 bc Cec|h bcf =41=& cf Ah`mebmerc ehq |cheih m rhbhq ehqhr|hq& y ehqbcjh h|bce bcf Qcýh| Qsw|c`h }sc rhbhq Sqrcbcq qc |cbhbce y cqrce fiqrh wh|c`lm|am|qc wh| mksmq mlmjh& escqr|m mfck|im osc `mq k|mebc }sc ksmebhbcqc`lham`h ce cf \ih Wm|mksmy& wscq bc cqamvhq wmqm`hq m mfil|cq& ahe seqhfh mfrh vhfsermb bcf Qcýh| Qsw|c`h& yh fc bitc }sc yh cqrmlm fiqrh& m fm vc|bmblice whah slic|m bcjmbh%

$Qmfibm bc _iffm \cmf)

Cf bim 3 bc Jsfih bcf =41= qc ehq `mebh c`lm|am| wh| mksmq mlmjhq%

Cf bim <7 bc jsfih bcf =41=& ce Ec`lsah r|mqlh|bm`hq mlh|bh bc fm Qh`mamAm|`ce& bc fm Qceh|m Amebibm `cbiem& wm|m Lscehq My|cq%

Cf bim <1 bcf `iq`h ffckm`h ce Ah||icercq ce bhebc ahehqibh lice |cailibh&wm|riahfm|`cerc wh| cf Ctacfceriqi`h Qcýh| Khlc|embh| Bhe Wcb|h Oc||c& biadh

Khlc|embh| cadñ ce am|m m Qh|im cf eh mlc|fc cadh qmlcbh| bc escqr|mctwcbiaihe%

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==4  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

$ffckmbm m L%M%)

Cf bim <; bc Mkhqrh bcf =41= ffckm`hq oiemf`cerc mf bcqrieh bcqcmbh wh| rmerhmýhq% M}si bijc m Qh|im }sc `c admeacfmqc `i ascerm `c bijh cf }sc c|m w|cqiqhmqc| se wfme bc `c`h|im wm|m bm| sem ibcm bcf \ih Lc|lcjh m fhq a|heiqrmq& y qcfh yqicqh& }sc ksmebh qc|m cadh yerm|m m fhq maaiheiqrmq wm|m wmkm|`c& }sc ehc|m |ckhfm| yerm|fhq ahe fmq `mehq vmqimq& fc r|mqc seh& m qs ksqrh& bcqwhcq fhwhqc ce fi`wih& y eh mlicebh }scbmbh rhbmlim m qs ksqrh fc diqc hr|h% @icer|mqfc bcfiecmlm cqrc sfri`h ahehqi }sc `cbmlm ric`wh mkmqrm| `mq wcqhq }sc rceimbc ? rc|aihq bc yc|lm& ksmebh mamlc& osé Qh|im bm A|cai| y fc w|ckserñ qc yh

rhbmvim rceim wfmrm A|cai| }sc fh ahehaim& fc ahercqrñ }sc cf ym `c mlimc`w|cqrmbh lmqrmerc& y mksm|bmlm }sc cf `c wmkmqc wh|}sé yh fc wmkmqc mf& cqrmlsceh cerheqc bijh Qh|m Se bim `c osi y fc bitc Bhe Wmlfh ym cq ric`wh }sc `c`i }scerm% @c |cqwhebih cqrmq wmfml|mq }sc qc yh cercebic|m mfkh bc `sqiam fmqwheb|im ahe `cqh| qhembm }sc \hqqiei%

S S Sqrc cq se whl|c& eh wscbc wfcircm| ricec }sc qc amffm| fm lhaam%

Cqrc osé `i wmkh& `mebh firhk|moim| 377 wfmecq ahe `i eh`l|c ce se |ieahe

qieyh mlc|fc oi|`mbh%

Wfme mfkheh& `c whqc mwfcircm|& ecf `iq`h ric`wh `c bcrsvc m ahqr|si| se wfmebcf \ih Lc|`cyh fh `mq ctmbh whqilfc& y qc sem qslqhziqise wm|m ahqrcm| fmfirhk|moim wm|m wsllfiam|fh& cqrh eh khqrñ m Qh|im& `c m|sjñ m sem wc|qhem bc`sadm ceribmb }sc yh fc mlim oi|`mbh cf wfmeh }sc cf wsllfiañ& qicebh semomfqcbmb wmrcerc%

Mqrm dh|m ec dc fhk|mbh jsqriaim mfksem& cq vc|bmb `c wm|cac }sc se whl|c ricec

}sc qc amffm| fm lhaam%

Lscehq My|cq <2 bc Mv|if bc =41<

$Oi|`mrh) Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi ==9

@mwm bc Wh|rmbm:

Bcqa|iwaiñe bc fmq W|hvieaimq bcf Admah y aheoiemercq& qckúe fmq |cfmaihecq`hbc|emq y ehriaimq mb}si|ibmq wh| bivc|qmq cer|mbmq bc fhq @iqihec|hq bc fmAh`wmýàm bc Jcqsq }sc qc dme dcadh ce cqrc qikfh bc =%;77% Oi|`mbh wh| BcWcr|cqadi Qasfw%

Fm qcarh|izmaiñe bc i`íkcecq }sc qc mwh|rme mf r|mlmjh& osc|he cocarsmbmq qhl|ci`mkcecq hlrceibmq wh| kcerifczm bcf qcýh| @ikscf Mekcf Lcfr|me Qhcekmq yw|hvicece bc fm `mwhrcam bc fm Qhaicrm Caheh`iam bi Adimvm|i ah||cqwhebice

bh mf: ‖ Wfmeh bcf |àh Lc|`cjh bcqbc qs aheofsceaim ahe cf Eck|h ce fmW|hvieaim bc Qmfrm dmqrm qs bcqmköc ce cf Wm|mksmy bc fm bcf w|hwih eh`l|cqckúe bc||hrc|h ffcvmbh m Fcy bc Cqri`m mjsqrmbm m hwh|rsemq hlqc|vmaihecq bcmfrs|m `c|ibimem qhl|c fm fmrirsb y biqrmeaimq fsem|cq ce asmerh m fm fhekirsb%Fcvmermbh wh| cf wifhrh Bi|carh| bcf _imjc y ahebsarh| bc fm Lm|am }sc wm|m|cahehac|fh qc dizh wh| cf mýh bc =4<?& bcqbc cf \²ýih Eck|h dmqrm cf bcqmköc cecf Wm|mksmy y Ksm|bim bc Rmffi o|herc|izm mf Admah& }sice fh bcbiam mf Qcýh|Bharh| Bhe M% bc C%% Lscehq Mi|cq Biaic`l|c =3 bc =41=‐%

Lilfihk|moàm y Oscercq aheqsfrmbmq:

Oc|emebcz Ah|ecjh& Mb|iíe% Ctwcbiaiñe mf Admah wh| cf |àh Lc|`cjh% =41?

Amqr|h Lhcbh& C`ifih% Cqrsbihq qhl|c fm emvckmaiñe bcf |àh Lc|`cjh yahfheizmaiñe bcf Admah $=4;<)% Lscehq Mi|cq& I`w|cerm& firhk|moàm y Osebiaiñebc riwhq bc fm Qhaicbmb Meñei`m% =4;1%

Rh||c \cvcffh& Jhqé% Cqrcfh y Aheacwaiñe bcf Lc|`cjh& bhq aisbmbcq bcqmwm|caibmq% 

Lscehq Mi|cq%=921% 

M|adivh Kcec|mf bc Iebimq& \cw|cqcermaiñe mf \cy bcf Khlc|embh| Am`wc|h& Qmfrm&=; bc ml|if bc =;?3% Qcaaiñe _& Msbiceaim bc Lscehq Mi|cq& Fckmjh 29% 

Zmwmrm Khffme& Mksqràe% Cf Admah Ksmfm`lm y fm aisbmb bc Aheacwaiñe bcf Lc|`cjh%  Cb Aheqcjh Emaihemf bc Ievcqrikmaihecq Aiceràoiamq y Réaeiamq& Lscehq Mi|cq=9??%

Nc|qrce& Fsb{iek% Fmq r|ilsq iebàkcemq bcf K|me Admah m oiecq bcf qikfh T_III %

Bcwm|rm`cerh bc Diqrh|im bc fm SEEC%\cqiqrceaim =9?4%

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=<7  Jsme Jhqé Nhww

Qhfm Jsme % L|cvc cqrsbih qhl|c cf Admah y cf Lc|`cjh% Lscehq Mi|cq =447%

Kscvm|m Jhqé% Ahe}siqrm bcf Wm|mksmy& \ih bc fm Wfmrm y Rsas`íe% Lscehq Mi|cq=44<

B{c|dmkce& D% A%& ‖\cvic{cb {h|n$q): Ceqmyh qhl|c fm Rhwhk|mwdim bc fhq \ihqWfmrm& Wm|mem& Wm|mksmy& _c|`cjh& Wifah`myh& wm|m qc|vi| bc @c`h|im ç qsEmvckmaihe% 

Msrh|cq _m|ihq% ‖R|c Adimvm|cqi Bcff’477‐% Qhaicrí’ Caheh`iam bi Adimvm|i =;9=-=99=%Riwhk|moim Firhw|ier%=99=%

Bc|cadhq

Rhbhq fhq bc|cadhq qhe |cqc|vmbhq wh| fm Qhaicrm²Caheh iam bc Adimvm|i&W|hvieaim bc Kéehvm& \cwwslfiam Irmfimem%Fiaceaim wm|m cqrm wslfiamaiñe msrh|izmbm hwh|rsem`cerc wh| fm Bi|caaiñe bcfm Lilfihrcam bc cqm Dheh|mlfc Ieqrirsaiñe ce se rhbh aheoh|`c m fmqbiqwhqiaihecq }sc |cksfme fm |cw|hbsaaiñe bc bhas`cerhq asqrhbimbhq wh|

lilfihrcamq wslfiamq cqrmrmfcq& ce wm|riasfm| bc fm Fcy ?11(2= ehvcffmrm bm F%=4%74%<777& eú`c|h 24& bcf Bca|crh Fckiqfmrivh bcf 9 bc ml|if bc <771& eú`c|h ?4y bcf m|ràasfh =7; bcf Añbikh bc Licecq Asfrs|mfcq% Ahe mwfiamaiñe bcf m|ràasfh243 bcf Añbikh Wcemf ce amqh bc ieas`wfi`icerh bc fmq eh|`mqw|cacbcerc`cerc airmbmq%Cqrm wslfiamaiñe eh wscbc qc| |cw|hbsaibm& ei ce rhbh ei ce wm|rc& ei |ckiqr|mbmce& h r|meq`iribm wh|& se qiqrc`m bc |caswc|maiñe bc ieoh|`maiñe& ce eieksemoh|`m ei wh| eiekúe `cbih& qcm `caíeiah ohrh}sà`iah& cfcar|ñeiah& `mkeériah&cfcar|hñwriah& wh| ohrhahwim h asmf}sic| hr|h& qie cf wc|`iqh w|cvih y wh| cqa|irhbc fm Ceribmb mercq airmbm%

 Jsme Jhqc Nhww jsjhnmGfivc%ah`\cwslfiam M|kceriem& <1 bc `m|zh bc <7==%