ingles aplicado a los negocios

7/30/2019 Ingles Aplicado a Los Negocios

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INGLES APLICADO A LOS NEGOCIOS.

UNIDAD I

1.- Looking for a job:

Michael: Hello, Jim. It's nice to see you again.

James: Same here, Mike. How are things going?

M: Not so bad. By the way, I've finished my studies at the University.

J: So you're now Mr. Michael Jones, M.A., is that it?

M: You can laugh, Jim. Unfortunately my M.A. doesn't give me a job,

you know!

J: I was only joking, old chap. As a matter of fact, I'm in the same boatas you are. I've been out of work for nearly a year.

M: But I thought you were working with an engineering firm up Northsomewhere.

J: So, I was. Until the firm was bought up by one of the multinationals,and they laid off half the workers.

M: Oh, I'm sorry about that, Jim. I thought a chap like you, with lots ofpractical experience, never would be laid off.

J: Seriously, Mike, I'm not sure I'm the sort of man they want thesedays. After all, I haven't got a degree like you.

M: But my degree's in economics and they aren't looking for chapswith a lot of theory and no practice. There's no room for us on thelabour market.

J: That's funny. I thought with all these modern inventions -computersand whatnot, they needed someone with the know-how.

M: Well, we'll see, Jim. In the mean-time, I'm heading for the LabourExchange.

J: Me too! Let's go there together, shall we?.

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VOCABULARY:

Computer: ordenador

Degree: diploma

Economics: ciencias econmicas

Funny: curioso, extrao, raro, divertido

To joke: bromear

Out of work: fuera de trabajo, desempleado.

Chap: Tipo, to

Know - How: saber-como.

Labour Exchange: la Bolsa de trabajo

Labour market: mercado de trabajo.To lay off: despedir

Practice: prctica

And whatnot = y cosas por el estilo.

To head for = dirigirse a.

2.- Applying for a job:

Joan: Well, how did things go at the Labour Exchange, Mike?

Michael: There was such a queue, Joan, that Jim and I decided to call ita day. We're going to look for vacancies in the papers, in the classifiedads.

J: There's a small ad here that looks interesting: A large companyrequires Market Research Analyst for its headquarters in Europe. The

successful candidate will have to have several years of experiencewith an agency.

M: Wait a minute, Joan! I'm not working at all. So how can I apply forthat job? Here, let me have a look at that paper! Ah, there is more likeit!, Applications are being received from final year undergraduatestudents in Economics.

J: But you're not an undergraduate, Mike. You've got your degree andyou've started on postgraduate research.

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M: I tell you what, I'll write off to some of these advertisings in thepaper. I'll give them my qualifications background, previousexperience.

J: Well, I wish you luck, Mike But don't be too optimistic. And don'tforget the s.a.e.

M: What on earth's that, Joan?

J: Stamped addressed envelope. For the answers!

VOCABULARY:

Vacancy: vacante o puesto a cubrir.

Experience: experiencia.

To apply for: aplicar para, presentar una solicitud.

An applicant: un candidato; un aplicante.

jobapplication form: forma de solicitud de empleo;

To have a look at: echar un vistazo.

To glance at: mirar rpidamente,

to run over: hojear, pasar por encima rpidamente.

Research: investigacin.

To write off: escribir una carta.

Academic record: expediente universitario

To be fluent: tener fluidez (en hablar un idioma)

Full-time job: trabajo a tiempo completo

Increment: aumento, incremento

Part-time job: trabajo por horas, a tiempo parcial

Present position: empleo actual

Referee: persona a quien se puede acudir para pedir una recomendacin

Salary record: ingreso salarial

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Starting salary: primer sueldo

Background, record = antecedentes.

3.- Working in the Bank:

James: Hello, Mike. I don't think you've met Carol, have you?

Michael: No, I don't think so. Hello, Carol.

Carol: Jim's always talking about you. He says what you don't knowabout economics isn't worth knowing!

J: You'll make him blush if you're not careful. Carol's just finished a

training period in the local bank, Mike.

M: Really? What department were you working in, Carol?

C: First of all, I was three months in the foreign exchange department.

J: Very complicated, with the exchange rates changing so often!

C: Yes, it was, rather. Then I went to the loan department for about amonth.

M: Do they deal with mortgages as well, or only credit?

C: No, the department is mainly concerned with loans to industry. ThenI worked for a couple of months as a clerk. You know -currentaccounts, traveller's cheques, credit cards and all the rest of it.

M: Direct contact with the customers, eh? I hope you didn't have toomany overdrawn accounts to deal with!

C: We left the manager to handle overdrafts, as well as bouncing

cheques.

VOCABULARY:

To audit an account: revisar una cuenta

Bank book: libreta de ahorro

Banking circles: medios bancarios

Banking system: sistema bancario

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Blocked account: cuenta bloqueada

Branch: sucursal

Cashier: cajero

Clearing house: cmara de compensacin

To close an account: cerrar una cuenta

Deposit: depsito

Domiciled bills: pagos domiciliados

Letter of credit: carta de crdito

Loan: prstamo

Savings: ahorros

Statement of account: estado de cuentas

Syndicate of bankers: consorcio bancario

To withdraw: retirar dinero.

Mortgage: hipoteca.

Withdrawal: retiro

A couple: un par

4.- Writing a Letter:

Joan: Carol, I'm sorry to disturb you. I wonder if you could help me

with this letter?.

Carol: Of course, Joan. What's the problem?

J: Well, I'm applying for a job. I've never written what you might callan official letter before.

C: Oh, it's quite easy. I had quite a bit of experience working in thebank. First your address. That goes in the top right-hand corner. Thenthe date underneath on the right. Then you begin your letter: on the

left with: 'Dear Sir' or 'Dear Madam', as the case may be.

J: And if there's more than one 'Sir' or 'Madam'?

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C: If it's a company you write 'Gentlemen' or else 'Dear Sirs' and hopethere are no feminists around!

J: But isn't that rather formal?, I mean, in a case like that shouldn't Iwrite 'Dear Mr. Smith' or whatever his name is?

C: Not unless you know him personally. Anyway, 'Dear Sir' isn't asformal as 'Sir'. Then you finish up with 'Yours faithfully' or yourssincerely.

J: Not 'Yours Sincerely'?

C: Only if you begin 'Dear Mr. Smith'. Of course, you can always end'Yours truly'.

J: Should I type the letter, do you think? You see, my handwriting's

pretty awful.

C: No, applications should generally be handwritten. They like to getthe graphologists to analyze your personality, dear!

J: How terrible! Perhaps I'd better not apply for a job after all.

VOCABULARY:

To wonder: preguntarse

Air mail: correo areo.

To clear (a letter-box): aclarar, limpiar (un buzn)

To deliver mail: distribuir el correo

G.P.O. (General Post Office): Administracin General de Correos.

Letter-box: buzn de correos

Postage: porte, franqueo

Postage paid: porte pagado, franco de porte

Postage rates: tasas de franqueo

Postage stamp: sello (de correo)

Postal code: codigo postal

Postal order: giro postal

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Post-free: franco (de porte)

Postman: cartero

Postmark: sello postal

Post Office Box: apartado de correos

5.- The Managing Director's job:

Managing Director: Please sit down, Mr. Jones. What can I do for you?

Michael: I've been asked to carry out some interviews for an agency.Would you mind answering a few questions?

MD: Not at all. Go ahead.

M: First of all: what is your position in this firm?

MD: I'm the Managing Director, and in fact the Chairman of the Boardas well.

M: And who are the other senior executives?

MD: Let me see -there's our very able Company Secretary. She doesmost of the chores, poor girl!, You know -organizing board meetings,keeping the minutes, maintaining the shares register.

M: Thank you. Is there anyone else?

MD: Yes, there's our excellent Personnel Manager. He deals withmanpower planning, recruitment, working conditions and wagenegotiations. He's a great expert on industrial relations.

M: Right. Do you have a Marketing Manager?

MD: No. You must remember we're only a subsidiary. Our SalesManager handles market surveys, prospection, the launching andfollow-up of products an so on and so forth.

M: And now, one last question. Are you happy in your work?

MD: I'm afraid I can't answer that one!.

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VOCABULARY:

Do for you: hacer por usted.

Chairman = presidente.

The Shares = las acciones.

To deal with: tartar con, lidiar con.

Manpower = mano de obra.

Board of Directors: consejo de directores, junta directiva.

Business hours: horas de oficina.

Commercial traveller: viajero (commercial)

Corporate enterprise: empresa corporativa

Departmental manager: jefe de seccin

Dividends: dividendos.

Line organization: estructura jerrquica

Management: direccin, gestin

Meeting: reunin

Office manager: jefe de servicio

Personnel department: departamento de personal

Personnel manager: gerente de personal

Sales department: departamento de ventas

Sales force: personal de ventas

Salesman (in shop): dependiente en una tienda

Teamwork: trabajo de equipo.

Minutes = actas.

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6.- V.A.T:

Member of Association: Could you explain what value added tax is, Mr.Jones?

Michael: Value added tax is simply a general indirect tax included inthe price of goods and services, and calculated according to productsvalue.

Another Member: I arrived a little late for the meeting of theConsumers' Association. So could you just run over the technicalpoints again?

Michael: Certainly. It boils down to this: anyone with a business with ataxable output has to be registered for a V.A.T. At each stage, when hebuys a product or service on which V.A.T. is charged, he pays tax to his

supplier. So a firm collects V.A.T. on its sales and the amount goesultimately to the government. Is that clear?

Member: So I suppose it's the last buyer that pays V.A.T.?

Michael: Quite correct. Unless of course the buyer is entitled to a taxrefund.

Member: Who has the right to this refund?

Michael: Well, for instance, foreign visitors. It usually works like this:they pay the full price in the shop. They're given a form to show toCustoms when they actually take the goods out of the country.

Member: Does that mean they're refunded on the spot?

Michael: Well, actually it's little more complicated than that. In fact,the money's remitted to their bank account a few days later.

Member: I suppose that's to prevent fiddling, isn't it?

Michael: How did you guess?

VOCABULARY:

On the basis of: sobre la base de.

To run over: examinar, repetir.

It boils down to: se reduce a.

On the spot: al momento.

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Fiddling: fraude, timo.

Direct taxes: impuestos directos.

Free of tax, tax-free: exento de impuestos.

Income tax: impuesto sobre la renta.

Land tax: impueto territorial

To levy a tax (on): imponer un impuesto sobre.

Reduction of tax: reduccion de impuesto.

Taxable: sujeto a impuestos.

Output = rendimiento, produccion.

Taxation authorities: administracin fiscal, autoridades fiscales.

Tax office: oficina de recaudacin de contribuciones (hacienda)

7.- National Insurance:

Mrs. Green: Hello, could I speak to Michael Jones, please?

Michael: Speaking.

Mrs. Green: Hello, Michael. This is Mary Green, Joan's mother. I waswondering if you could tell me just how I'm covered under the nationalinsurance scheme.

Michael: Well, as your know, the Government runs comprehensivesocial services and there are what they call statuotory provisionsrelated to employment.

Mrs. Green: Yes, they cover retirement pensions, unemploymentbenefits and family income supplements, don't they?

Michael: That's right. As regards retirement pensions, you'll rememberthere are now graduated contributions payable in addition to thestandard flat rate by certain categories of wage-earners.

Mrs. Green: One thing I've never understood too well is theclassification of contributors, Michael. How does that work?

Michael: There are three classes, Mrs. Green: employed, self-employedand non-employed contributors. They all pay flat-rate contributions.

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8.- MOTIVATED STAFF

A woman waits a good while at the counter to pay for herpurchase. When an employee finally attends her she doesn'treceive a smile nor a "thank you".

Do you think this customer will return?

Perhaps, but I assure you she won't be doing any word of mouthmarketing for you.

This type of attitude doesn't only have negative effects in customerservice, but also in other areas of the company: Imagine you arriveto work stressed and grumpy, growling at everyone in your team.Now change that situation to a happy start, smiling and pats on thebacks. Which day will your team be more efficient?

Now, you either have a very strange team or I'm inclined to thinkthe answer is the second day.

So here are some quick tips to keep up the morale of your team:

Be cheerful and transmit happiness as in the previousexample.

Use motivational words. Its as simple as saying "good job" or"thank you".

Make sure everyone knows what's expected from them. Talk to your employees on a regular basis and tell them when

they are doing things well. Be fair and consistent in your disciplinary system when they

fail to perform. Make time for people. Schedule regular periods where you

can dedicate more time to them. Talk about their goals and help them develop and achieve

these goals. Provide leadership. Guide them and never forget that a good

leader can delegate all except their responsibility. Be disciplined. Motivating is a full-time job, you can never

relax. Think about what makes you tick, I'm sure you are not too

different from your team members. Establish a good rewarding system. Make employees feel part of the company through stock

options or similar schemes, such as profit sharing.

Herb Kelleher, Chairman of Southwest Airlines explained to Mark

Morrison (Managing Editor at BusinessWeek) the importance thatthe motivation of his people had played in the success of thecompany. He pointed out that they are always in touch with their

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employees even when they are not at work: maternity leave, sick,retired... showing that they value them as individuals, not just asworkers.

And also, generous profit sharing schemes and stock options

created the necessary team spirit that is essential for success.

Do motivated employees perform better?

VOCABULARY:

a good while - un rato largocounter - mostrador

grumpy - gruongrowling - gruniendo

pats on the back - palmaditas en la espaldatips - consejos

morale - moral (pero no tico que es moral)cheerful - alegre

fair - justoperform - rendir

leadership - liderazgowhat makes you tick - lo que te hace funcionar

rewarding system - sistema de recompensa

profit sharing scheme - programa de reparto de beneficiosstock options - estock options

in touch - en contactomaternity leave - baja por maternidad

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