ing. carina alvarez - calidad física del suelo

Calidad fsica del sueloIng Agr. M Sc. Carina R. lvarezCtedra de Fertilidad y FertilizantesFacultad de Agronoma Universidad de Buenos Aires

Ambiente favorable para el desarrollo de races y la biota edficaSuministrar aguaamortiguar dficit hdricos Resistente a la degradacin

Funciones bsicas del sueloEvaluacin Ambiente favorable, profundidad efectiva y capacidad de enraizamientoProfundidad al Bt o toscaDensidad aparenteCompactacin relativaResistencia a la penetracinPerfil culturalAireacinMacroporosidadEncostramiento superficial Rasgos redoximrficosSuministro de agua y amortiguacin de deficiencias hdricasCobertura (viva o muerta)Humedad del sueloLmina de agua tilInfiltracinEstabilidad o resistencia a la degradacinCobertura (viva o muerta)Estabilidad estructuralPendiente

Espesor horizonte ADensidad aparenteDensidad aparente relativaResistencia a la penetracinPorosidad y macroporosidadInfiltracinCoberturaEstabilidad estructuralMateria orgnica total y partculada

Ambiente favorableSuministro de aguaAmortiguar dficit hdricosResistir la degradacin

Caractersticas de las determinaciones fsicasRequiere personal entrenado Requieren tiempo, gran parte a campoInstrumental de muestreoNo es un servicio difundido Falta estandarizacinHumedad dependienteLo esencial es visible a los ojos

PropiedadCaractersticasUmbralesDensidad aparente(mtodo del cilindro)Sencillo Bajo costoDepende de la texturaDepende carbono orgnicoFranco arenoso >1.6 t m-3Franco; franco-limoso >1.4 t m-3Arcilloso; franco-arcilloso >1.3 t m-3

Dapcrtica (tm-3)= 1.52-0.0065 * arc (%) (Pillatti, de Orellana 2000)Porosidad totalSe calcula a partir de la densidad aparente segn:PT (%)= 100*(1-DAP/DPART)DPART= 2.6 t m-3< 50 %MacroporosidadPorosidad de aireacinHvolsat-Hvolcc< 10 %

PropiedadCaractersticasUmbralesDensidad aparente relativa(ASTM, 1982)DAP REL %= (DAP/DAP MAX)*100Independiente textura y C orgnicoTest de Proctor (no rutinaria)Sino;DMAX (t m-3)= 1.44 0.033 MOS (%) +0.00297 ARENA (%) + 0.039 MANEJO; n= 62 y R2= 0.78 (Micucci et al, 2006) Optimo: 75-88 %

Resistencia mecnicaPenetrmetros-Instrumental especficoMedida puntual- Alta variabilidadDepende de la humedadDistintos ngulosPunta de 30 >2-3 MPaPunta de 60 >6 MPa (Pilatti, de Orellana 2000)Corregir por humedadInteresa su valor durante el desarrollo radicalInfiltracinMetodologa rpida USDA (1999)Rpida; Variable; Relacionada con la orientacin de poros superficiales, Puede tener problemas por derrame lateralAplicacin con fines comparativos

Resistencia a la penetracinPenetrmetro

In/Estabilidad estructural

PropiedadCaractersticasUmbralesCobertura superficial(porcentaje y masa)Cuerda con marcas a intervalos regulares. Cuadrantes de rastrojo.Sencillo, sin costo< 60 % (control de erosin), mayor valor crtico para control de evaporacin

Diversos mtodosNo es un anlisis de rutinaAlta relacin con el carbono orgnicoRelacionado limoComparativo,

O con umbrales Segn metodologaCarbono orgnicoCarbono particulado>53mDensidad aparenteInestabilidad estructuralDensidad aparente mxima

CO determinacin de rutina (baja sensibilidad)Carbono partculado no rutinario (alta sensibilidad)

Distintos objetivos: distintas referenciasSituacin/es manejo A Situacin/es manejo actual Situacin/es manejo actualSituacin/es establecimiento A

VS.Situacin/es manejo B Situacin/es prstinoValores suelo ideal o lmites crticosSituacin media, mn, mx grupo

Situacin/es actualSituacin/es futuroVS.Comparacin temporal (filmando una pelcula)Comparacin puntual (tomando una fotografa)

Calidad de suelos: Un estudio a escala regional Caracterizar a escala regional el estado de la calidad de los suelos bajo distintos sistemas de labranza, utilizando situaciones cuasi-prstinas como referencia.Seleccionar un conjunto mnimo de variables que resulten sensibles a los distintos manejos para monitorear cambios en la salud del suelo. Objetivos

Materiales y mtodosUbicacin

Captulo 1Materiales y mtodosDeterminaciones Textura; Espesor del horizonte A; Estructura superficial Carbono orgnico total, C particulado (>53m) y C resistente (

CorrelacinCoeficiente de correlacin entre pares de indicadores de calidad de suelo (p

Estratificacin

Relacin entre el contenido de la fraccin orgnica de 0 a 5 cm respecto de 5 a 15 cm.

SD y Cuasi prstino: Enriquecimiento superficial fracciones ms activas del CO.

Incrementara estabilidad estructural superficial, atenuando procesos erosivos.ndice de estratificacin

Relacin negativa entre la inestabilidad estructural con el COT y CO>53mComponentes del carbono e inestabilidad estructural

La densidad aparente estuvo relacionada con COT y la profundidad.Sin embargo COT puede reemplazarse por CO>53 m sin perder ajuste.PROF: variable dummy; valor 0 para 0-5 cm y 1 para 5-15 cm.Componentes del carbono y la densidad aparente

Resistencia a la penetracinRelacin inversa con humedad. De 0-5 cm SD > resistencia LC ordenada al origen; = pendienteSD: resistenia no asociado a DAP Endurecimiento no densificacinCombinacin + trnsito + ausencia de remocin + consolidacin

Captulo 1Resultados y discusinSuelos francos SD laboreados, aunque SD tendencia > infiltracinSuelos franco-limosos y franco arcillo limosos SD

42 % 15 % Shaded squares are no-till soils (NT), open triangles are conventionally tilled soils (CT);and solid circles are uncropped or quasi-pristine situations.

Conclusin

Grfico1

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REFERENCIA

Hoja1

SITIOLABRANZARESISTENCIALOMBRICEShorBtDENSIDADPORTOTALCOTDMAXCREL (%)POR ESTCOJCOVRESPIRACIONARC+LIMOARCILLALIMOKGLIMOIEMEDIAClaySiltPOCTOCROCRCBDAHSITP

112.92420066081133.551.0759.6327.81.4574186.121.80.08367.7322.545.23452.30.1743Silt0.66

212.69663064811.3330.251.1456.9723.81.4977155.718.10.09257.3817.539.88398.80.17525POC-0.47ns

612.0578297753.7271.0361.0120.61.3974171.918.70.09982.82557.85780.4043TOCnsns0.68

712.378220204220.7271.2353.5416.81.408846.010.80.09481.2223.7557.47574.70.50375ROCnsnsns0.74

1212.541050419911.520.81.1257.5922.41.4279134.218.10.11082.23052.25220.3057RCns0.41-0.55-0.61ns

1512.952147107913.6729.41.1755.7518.81.398583.315.60.11684.826.2558.55585.50.4651BDnsns-0.49-0.61-0.380.89

2112.48245410990.3325.251.2652.5719.81.418934.914.90.1048126.354.75470.49765AHnsnsns0.4nsnsns

2211.9584450471326.51.2552.9016.01.5382103.712.30.13754.818.7536.05360.50.7141SIns0.45-0.45-0.53nsnsnsns

2312.96652107650.67241.3349.6314.91.3897-33.011.90.0559332.560.56050.47TPnsns0.490.610.380.91nsns

2412.390959732614301.3050.9215.71.409302.912.70.07379.2522.556.75567.50.83425PRncnsnsnsnsnsnsnsnsns

2712.48663424534.33301.2054.8420.91.4782115.915.00.08964.252044.25442.50.9702

2812.46231097287.3331.51.2552.6618.41.478575.213.20.08464.252044.25442.50.4564

3512.6373759865225.51.1357.3618.81.4379137.711.10.12476.425.251.25120.80595RESISTENCIALOMBRICEShorBtDENSIDADPORTOTALCOTDMAXCREL (%)POR ESTCOJCOVRESPIRACIONARC+LIMOARCILLALIMOKGLIMOIEMEDIA

3612.4504335097.524.751.2054.7218.01.458394.413.60.10969.821.548.34830.49965

3712.53474702369.518.751.2254.0916.51.4882104.112.40.10866.622.7543.85438.50.59785

4414.45662597411224.51.2253.8421.91.458485.816.10.1366518474700.40615

4512.2560946241925.51.1656.3522.71.4281116.016.70.1486816.551.55150.604

4913.145861379115271.1855.4719.11.368754.414.80.12192.652963.65636.50.7138

5212.99952803557.520.71.1357.2323.61.358484.319.30.09094.3530.563.85638.50.77465

5512.01255556960231.1955.2217.31.378764.612.80.09190.352961.35613.50.72675

5611.96380575693221.1755.8518.31.398483.614.70.08791.433.557.95790.93725

322.27996495897.324.351.2054.8123.31.4881118.414.80.09659.4817.541.98419.80.1017

422.32597971955.7231.2154.3021.31.5180125.615.60.1065820383800.14605

822.34961275889.528.11.2254.0218.61.388842.116.50.08885.052560.05600.50.8061

922.96346986035.517.81.2453.0615.51.408942.313.20.15984.0526.2557.85780.6576

1021.85818702364.522.51.1755.7318.71.408482.915.80.0898427.556.55650.9683

1323.13984202913.6629.31.1058.4317.51.3781114.912.50.1188725626201.28525

1622.06539899920251.1357.1822.51.4081113.818.80.13779.52554.55450.6824

1722.1564674541.3322.51.1656.2722.51.4381112.620.00.0967827.550.55050.5984

1821.750729151.3339.251.2453.3423.21.438765.218.00.11378.2527.550.75507.50.3618

2621.46324930130.6727.251.3349.8918.61.3896-33.115.60.07781.421.2560.15601.50.8639

3021.805628997347301.2154.2319.41.408763.615.80.09578.522.5565601.4

3121.5353152116121.3330.51.2453.2920.01.428755.714.30.13475.522.5535300.46285

3922.29435882711.5261.1157.9924.31.4179136.917.40.12076.92452.95290.6301

4022.237326791811.524.751.1755.9717.61.4680126.810.80.1116418464600.5683

4122.63157684611281.1556.4822.91.4281117.015.90.1737421.552.55250.43775

4221.51991619544.528.51.2353.5820.61.458585.715.00.15765.518.5474700.76925

4321.87230829980251.2154.3416.81.4882102.714.10.11564.421.542.94290.97285

5022.9181273564.531.51.0660.1319.61.3578134.515.00.08793.72964.76471.30945

532.3962430919260.9564.0527.81.44662515.112.70.23966.552046.55465.50.08

1133.99914903183735.51.1357.4128.41.4081119.618.80.26079.422554.42544.20.1831

2033.230706283121.5331.1257.5828.11.4379136.421.70.25374.252549.25492.50.1644

2932.30436325096.5301.1656.3924.61.4182105.419.30.18472.52052.55250.3942

3833.52979432995.527.51.1257.6125.51.4279137.617.90.2457524515100.687

4632.191994721867301.1157.9930.41.41791312.917.50.3116312.2550.75507.50.39235

Hoja2

SitioResistencia

12.9242006608

22.6966306481

221.9584450471

272.4866342453

282.4623109728

352.6373759865

362.450433509

372.5347470236

444.4566259741

452.2560946241

62.057829775

72.3782202042

152.9521471079

212.4824541099

242.3909597326

552.0125555696

561.9638057569

122.5410504199

232.9665210765

482.7678300183

493.1458613791

512.4851812654

522.9995280355

32.2799649589

42.3259797195

392.294358827

402.2373267918

412.6315768461

421.5199161954

431.8723082998

82.3496127588

92.9634698603

133.139842029

162.0653989992

261.4632493013

301.8056289973

311.5353152116

101.8581870236

172.156467454

181.75072915

502.918127356

532.7866853663

543.228257064

52.3962430919

203.2307062831

383.5297943299

113.9991490318

292.3043632509

145.0150452461

462.1919947218

473.0275924641

Grfico final

SITIOLABRANZARESISTENCIALOMBRICEShorBtDENSIDADPORTOTALCOTDMAXCREL (%)POR ESTCOJCOVRESPIRACIONARC+LIMOARCILLALIMOKGLIMOIEMEDIAMediaADBDRCTOCOC > 53mOC < 53mSIPRTPORMAXBD

112.92420066081133.551.069843301959.628554643427.82352941181.451563423573.702828592117.73754594486.053450980421.77007843140.083333333367.7322.545.23452.30.1743Non-disturbed30.33333333331.099635937177.53066451727.47058823539.499339869317.9712483660.31684166672.6158.50430426011.4191413706

212.69663064811.3330.251.140162602156.974996148423.82352941181.489876423576.52732696915.14824354775.73262745118.09090196080.09257.3817.539.88398.80.17525No-tilled26.04523809521.188543945783.605841012619.62464985994.652007469714.97264239030.57319285712.6555.14928506751.4228285104

612.0578297753.7271.033319687261.006804256820.60784313731.387795607874.457627719517.04559894071.935529411818.67231372550.098666666782.82557.85780.4043Tilled26.851.187998586483.73397592620.16448801744.660821350815.50366666670.72344722222.1355.16986466571.4194492534

712.378220204220.7271.231280863753.53657118316.80392156861.395779203988.21458724934.43418143095.983215686310.82070588240.09481.2223.7557.47574.70.50375

1212.541050419911.520.81.123782893657.593098353922.35294117651.418526352979.221855222512.67808866184.237647058818.11529411760.109666666782.23052.25220.3057ReferenciaA thicknessBDRCTOCPOCROCSIPRTSPMAXBD

1512.952147107913.6729.41.172499212655.754746695918.82352941181.386129823584.58797961477.75880144793.266078431415.55745098040.116333333384.826.2558.55585.50.4651Nondisturbed1111111111

2112.48245410990.3325.251.256912824852.569327365619.84313725491.407541843189.29843407083.44058653434.934156862714.90898039220.10366666678126.354.75470.49765NT0.85863422291.08085222171.078358370.71438768230.48971902610.83314425831.80908295041.01532567050.9426534641.0025981483

2211.9584450471326.51.24817244152.8991531715.98039215691.525171980481.838143962910.27965828493.667529411812.31286274510.137333333354.818.7536.05360.50.7141CT0.88516483521.08035627641.08001106980.73403917840.49064686760.86269280522.28330834710.8160919540.94300522611.00021695

2312.96652107650.67241.334821222849.62938781814.8627450981.380726862796.6752555367-3.32196700812.966274509811.89647058820.05466666679332.560.56050.47

2412.390959732614301.300687263650.917461751115.68627450981.401850686392.78358075720.24564801252.945098039212.74117647060.072666666779.2522.556.75567.50.83425MnADBDRCTOCPOMROCSITPORMAXBD

2712.48663424534.33301.19681898454.83701947220.90196078431.46835990281.507196048710.58304816625.871058823515.03090196080.088666666764.252044.25442.50.9702Non-disturbed260.952562224165.982000080124.62745098045.368862745112.74627450980.0856.39364420831.3956778118

2812.46231097287.3331.51.25445489652.662079396618.4313725491.472263431485.20587207827.19236088975.208156862713.22321568630.084333333364.252044.25442.50.4564No-tilled18.751.033319687273.702828592114.8627450981.935529411810.82070588240.174349.6293878181.3468766078

3512.6373759865225.51.1357.35849056618.76470588241.430175764779.011267557912.87114069167.709176470611.05552941180.124258073176.425.251.25120.80595Tilled17.81.056666666778.377526729915.49019607842.123294117610.80588235290.101749.89397723211.3481755686

3612.4504335097.524.751.254.716981132118.03921568631.448664039282.834940859.36586467464.44137254913.59784313730.109456267969.821.548.34830.49965

3712.53474702369.518.751.216666666754.088050314516.47058823531.477753470682.33218130649.8267594314.107647058812.36294117650.107956735166.622.7543.85438.50.59785ReferenciaADBDRCTOCPOMROCSITPORMAXBD

4414.45662597411224.51.223333333353.836477987421.90196078431.45033490284.34833442127.9784913865.838352941216.06360784310.13567474736518474700.40615Non-disturbed111111111

4512.2560946241925.51.156666666756.352201257922.66666666671.422216666781.328442689210.74691673355.990431372516.67623529410.14767808946816.551.55150.604No-tilled0.72115384621.08477919981.1170141630.60350318470.3605101310.84893086792.178750.88005285910.9650340476

4913.145861379115271.1855.471698113219.1372549021.355136137387.07612228475.4778464184.358666666714.77858823530.120940479192.652963.65636.50.7138Tilled0.68461538461.10928886311.18786224480.62898089170.39548303220.84776789831.271250.88474468950.9659647501

5212.99952803557.520.71.133333333357.232704402523.60784313731.346876607884.14529784948.16462110254.325098039219.2827450980.08972294.3530.563.85638.50.77465

5512.01255556960231.186666666755.220125786217.33333333331.371740333386.5081122015.9985583024.563098039212.77023529410.091216710490.352961.35613.50.72675

5611.96380575693221.1755.849056603818.25490196081.390915254984.11727428238.19031114723.557490196114.69741176470.086682111791.433.557.95790.93725

322.27996495897.324.351.197657303354.805384782223.25490196081.478216854981.020406397211.02930284358.420823529414.83407843140.095666666759.4817.541.98419.80.1017

422.32597971955.7231.211096384154.298249658121.29411764711.505115294180.465356294811.53813392395.649019607815.64509803920.10566666675820383800.14605

822.34961275889.528.11.218407021354.022376555418.62745098041.377469627588.45255074974.21603315122.123294117616.50415686270.088333333385.052560.05600.50.8061

922.96346986035.517.81.243962244853.058028499915.49019607841.395881490289.1166086443.60727135782.334039215713.15615686270.159333333384.0526.2557.85780.6576

1021.85818702364.522.51.173037120855.734448271918.70588235291.398574705983.87375489218.41355267782.893647058815.81223529410.08866666678427.556.55650.9683

1323.13984202913.6629.31.101497993758.434037973717.45098039221.36766745180.538437388911.47113829244.909568627512.54141176470.11833333338725626201.28525

1622.06539899920251.134800554657.177337562922.54901960781.40446254980.799630817911.23169444033.755960784318.79305882350.13779.52554.55450.6824

1722.1564674541.3322.51.158752482556.273491225522.54901960781.42838254981.123399562610.9348859192.583843137319.96517647060.09566666677827.550.55050.5984

1821.750729151.3339.251.236421144353.342598326723.17647058821.425896176586.71186337035.81177349265.222117647117.95435294120.113333333378.2527.550.75507.50.3618

2621.46324930130.6727.251.327809603449.893977232118.62745098041.376871627596.436703094-3.10327882733.054352941215.57309803920.07781.421.2560.15601.50.8639

3021.805628997347301.212835731454.232613907619.41176470591.400449411886.60332328035.91127544933.610980392215.80078431370.094666666778.522.5565601.4

3121.5353152116121.3330.51.237696970353.294453949219.96078431371.417521960887.31413019265.25965742865.688274509814.27250980390.133666666775.522.5535300.46285

3922.29435882711.5261.113333333357.987421383624.29411764711.411273294178.888570907812.98362039176.895215686317.39890196080.120015681576.92452.95290.6301

4022.237326791811.524.751.166666666755.974842767317.62745098041.463068627579.741076035512.2021033666.821568627510.80588235290.11050899666418464600.5683

4122.63157684611281.153333333356.477987421422.90196078431.41586490281.457865911910.62827058266.985176470615.91678431370.17293909897421.552.55250.43775

4221.51991619544.528.51.2353.584905660420.64705882351.452317647184.69221609277.66324474135.692549019614.95450980390.157059666465.518.5474700.76925

4321.87230829980251.2154.339622641516.82352941181.482876823581.598146305910.4996713372.718431372514.10509803920.114853393664.421.542.94290.97285

5022.9181273564.531.51.056666666760.125786163519.5686274511.348175568678.377526729913.45210992094.535921568615.03270588240.086947623993.72964.76471.30945

532.3962430919260.952562224164.054255693727.82352941181.443669823565.982000080124.815461066615.07725490212.74627450980.23966.552046.55465.50.08

1133.99914903183735.51.128762459957.40519019428.41176470591.395677811880.875575318711.16207383819.636313725518.77545098040.260333333379.422554.42544.20.1831

2033.230706283121.5331.124255843557.575251188128.07843137251.427121078478.777887910513.08508681586.389882352921.68854901960.25374.252549.25492.50.1644

2932.30436325096.5301.155568428556.393644208324.62745098041.413138627581.773182477110.33921042785.368862745119.25858823530.18472.52052.55250.3942

3833.52979432995.527.51.123333333357.610062893125.45098039221.42080745179.06302381512.82369417817.592274509817.85870588240.24485301217524515100.687

4632.191994721867301.113333333357.987421383630.4313725491.414433431478.712317500413.145197177912.931450980417.49992156860.3105345596312.2550.75507.50.39235

Grfico final

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

Nondisturbed

NT

CT

Francia congreso

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

Mn

Non-disturbed

No-tilled

Tilled

Hoja3

SITIOLABRANZARESISTENCIALOMBRICEShorBtDENSIDADPORTOTALCOTDMAXCREL (%)POR ESTCOJCOVRESPIRACIONARC+LIMOARCILLALIMOKGLIMOIEMEDIAMediaRPBDTOCMAXBDRCOC > 53mOC < 53mSI

112.92420066081133.551.069843301959.628554643427.82352941181.451563423573.702828592117.73754594486.053450980421.77007843140.083333333367.7322.545.23452.30.1743Non-disturbed2.94204178491.099635937127.47058823531.419141370677.5306645179.499339869317.9712483660.3168416667

212.69663064811.3330.251.140162602156.974996148423.82352941181.489876423576.52732696915.14824354775.73262745118.09090196080.09257.3817.539.88398.80.17525No-tilled2.6073538981.188543945719.62464985991.422828510483.60584101264.652007469714.97264239030.5731928571

612.0578297753.7271.033319687261.006804256820.60784313731.387795607874.457627719517.04559894071.935529411818.67231372550.098666666782.82557.85780.4043Tilled2.17596998781.187998586420.16448801741.419449253483.7339759264.660821350815.50366666670.7234472222

712.378220204220.7271.231280863753.53657118316.80392156861.395779203988.21458724934.43418143095.983215686310.82070588240.09481.2223.7557.47574.70.50375

1212.541050419911.520.81.123782893657.593098353922.35294117651.418526352979.221855222512.67808866184.237647058818.11529411760.109666666782.23052.25220.3057ReferenciaRPDAPCOTCRCOPCORIE

1512.952147107913.6729.41.172499212655.754746695918.82352941181.386129823584.58797961477.75880144793.266078431415.55745098040.116333333384.826.2558.55585.50.4651Nondisturbed1111111

2112.48245410990.3325.251.256912824852.569327365619.84313725491.407541843189.29843407083.44058653434.934156862714.90898039220.10366666678126.354.75470.49765No-tilled0.88623958761.08085222170.71438768231.078358370.48971902610.83314425831.8090829504

2211.9584450471326.51.24817244152.8991531715.98039215691.525171980481.838143962910.27965828493.667529411812.31286274510.137333333354.818.7536.05360.50.7141Tilled0.73961219691.08035627640.73403917841.08001106980.49064686760.86269280522.2833083471

2312.96652107650.67241.334821222849.62938781814.8627450981.380726862796.6752555367-3.32196700812.966274509811.89647058820.05466666679332.560.56050.47

2412.390959732614301.300687263650.917461751115.68627450981.401850686392.78358075720.24564801252.945098039212.74117647060.072666666779.2522.556.75567.50.83425MinPRBDTOCMAXBDRCPOMROCSI

2712.48663424534.33301.19681898454.83701947220.90196078431.46835990281.507196048710.58304816625.871058823515.03090196080.088666666764.252044.25442.50.9702Non-disturbed2.19199472180.952562224124.62745098041.395677811865.98200008015.368862745112.74627450980.08

2812.46231097287.3331.51.25445489652.662079396618.4313725491.472263431485.20587207827.19236088975.208156862713.22321568630.084333333364.252044.25442.50.4564No-tilled1.95844504711.033319687214.8627450981.346876607873.70282859211.935529411810.82070588240.1743

3512.6373759865225.51.1357.35849056618.76470588241.430175764779.011267557912.87114069167.709176470611.05552941180.124258073176.425.251.25120.80595Tilled1.46324930131.056666666715.49019607841.348175568678.37752672992.123294117610.80588235290.1017

3612.4504335097.524.751.254.716981132118.03921568631.448664039282.834940859.36586467464.44137254913.59784313730.109456267969.821.548.34830.49965

3712.53474702369.518.751.216666666754.088050314516.47058823531.477753470682.33218130649.8267594314.107647058812.36294117650.107956735166.622.7543.85438.50.59785ReferenciaPRBDTOCMAXBDRCPOMROCSI

4414.45662597411224.51.223333333353.836477987421.90196078431.45033490284.34833442127.9784913865.838352941216.06360784310.13567474736518474700.40615Non-disturbed11111111

4512.2560946241925.51.156666666756.352201257922.66666666671.422216666781.328442689210.74691673355.990431372516.67623529410.14767808946816.551.55150.604No-tilled0.8934533591.08477919980.60350318470.96503404761.1170141630.3605101310.84893086792.17875

4913.145861379115271.1855.471698113219.1372549021.355136137387.07612228475.4778464184.358666666714.77858823530.120940479192.652963.65636.50.7138Tilled0.6675423471.10928886310.62898089170.96596475011.18786224480.39548303220.84776789831.27125

5212.99952803557.520.71.133333333357.232704402523.60784313731.346876607884.14529784948.16462110254.325098039219.2827450980.08972294.3530.563.85638.50.77465

5512.01255556960231.186666666755.220125786217.33333333331.371740333386.5081122015.9985583024.563098039212.77023529410.091216710490.352961.35613.50.72675

5611.96380575693221.1755.849056603818.25490196081.390915254984.11727428238.19031114723.557490196114.69741176470.086682111791.433.557.95790.93725

322.27996495897.324.351.197657303354.805384782223.25490196081.478216854981.020406397211.02930284358.420823529414.83407843140.095666666759.4817.541.98419.80.1017

422.32597971955.7231.211096384154.298249658121.29411764711.505115294180.465356294811.53813392395.649019607815.64509803920.10566666675820383800.14605

822.34961275889.528.11.218407021354.022376555418.62745098041.377469627588.45255074974.21603315122.123294117616.50415686270.088333333385.052560.05600.50.8061

922.96346986035.517.81.243962244853.058028499915.49019607841.395881490289.1166086443.60727135782.334039215713.15615686270.159333333384.0526.2557.85780.6576

1021.85818702364.522.51.173037120855.734448271918.70588235291.398574705983.87375489218.41355267782.893647058815.81223529410.08866666678427.556.55650.9683

1323.13984202913.6629.31.101497993758.434037973717.45098039221.36766745180.538437388911.47113829244.909568627512.54141176470.11833333338725626201.28525

1622.06539899920251.134800554657.177337562922.54901960781.40446254980.799630817911.23169444033.755960784318.79305882350.13779.52554.55450.6824

1722.1564674541.3322.51.158752482556.273491225522.54901960781.42838254981.123399562610.9348859192.583843137319.96517647060.09566666677827.550.55050.5984

1821.750729151.3339.251.236421144353.342598326723.17647058821.425896176586.71186337035.81177349265.222117647117.95435294120.113333333378.2527.550.75507.50.3618

2621.46324930130.6727.251.327809603449.893977232118.62745098041.376871627596.436703094-3.10327882733.054352941215.57309803920.07781.421.2560.15601.50.8639

3021.805628997347301.212835731454.232613907619.41176470591.400449411886.60332328035.91127544933.610980392215.80078431370.094666666778.522.5565601.4

3121.5353152116121.3330.51.237696970353.294453949219.96078431371.417521960887.31413019265.25965742865.688274509814.27250980390.133666666775.522.5535300.46285

3922.29435882711.5261.113333333357.987421383624.29411764711.411273294178.888570907812.98362039176.895215686317.39890196080.120015681576.92452.95290.6301

4022.237326791811.524.751.166666666755.974842767317.62745098041.463068627579.741076035512.2021033666.821568627510.80588235290.11050899666418464600.5683

4122.63157684611281.153333333356.477987421422.90196078431.41586490281.457865911910.62827058266.985176470615.91678431370.17293909897421.552.55250.43775

4221.51991619544.528.51.2353.584905660420.64705882351.452317647184.69221609277.66324474135.692549019614.95450980390.157059666465.518.5474700.76925

4321.87230829980251.2154.339622641516.82352941181.482876823581.598146305910.4996713372.718431372514.10509803920.114853393664.421.542.94290.97285

5022.9181273564.531.51.056666666760.125786163519.5686274511.348175568678.377526729913.45210992094.535921568615.03270588240.086947623993.72964.76471.30945

532.3962430919260.952562224164.054255693727.82352941181.443669823565.982000080124.815461066615.07725490212.74627450980.23966.552046.55465.50.08

1133.99914903183735.51.128762459957.40519019428.41176470591.395677811880.875575318711.16207383819.636313725518.77545098040.260333333379.422554.42544.20.1831

2033.230706283121.5331.124255843557.575251188128.07843137251.427121078478.777887910513.08508681586.389882352921.68854901960.25374.252549.25492.50.1644

2932.30436325096.5301.155568428556.393644208324.62745098041.413138627581.773182477110.33921042785.368862745119.25858823530.18472.52052.55250.3942

3833.52979432995.527.51.123333333357.610062893125.45098039221.42080745179.06302381512.82369417817.592274509817.85870588240.24485301217524515100.687

4632.191994721867301.113333333357.987421383630.4313725491.414433431478.712317500413.145197177912.931450980417.49992156860.3105345596312.2550.75507.50.39235

Revisor:A horizon

Revisor:Total porosity

Revisor:total organic C

Revisor:Max bulk density Aragon et al

Revisor:relative compaction

Revisor:Structural instability

Revisor:A horizon






Revisor:A horizon






Revisor:A horizon






Hoja3

REFERENCIA

10.8934533590.667542347

100

10.72115384620.6846153846

11.08477919981.1092888631

10.88005285910.8847446895

10.60350318470.6289808917

10.96503404760.9659647501

11.1170141631.1878622448

1-0.3212979397-0.3001465972

10.3605101310.3954830322

10.84893086790.8477678983

12.178751.27125

Mn

Non-disturbed

No-tilled

Tilled

SITIOLABRANZARESISTENCIALOMBRICEShorBtDENSIDADPORTOTALCOTDMAXCREL (%)POR ESTCOJCOVRESPIRACIONARC+LIMOARCILLALIMOKGLIMOIEMEDIAMediaPREWADBDTPORTOCMAXBDRCSPOC > 53mOC < 53mSI

112.92420066081133.551.069843301959.628554643427.82352941181.451563423573.702828592117.73754594486.053450980421.77007843140.083333333367.7322.545.23452.30.1743Non-disturbed2.942041784927.530.33333333331.099635937158.504304260127.47058823531.419141370677.53066451714.22845391749.499339869317.9712483660.3168416667

212.69663064811.3330.251.140162602156.974996148423.82352941181.489876423576.52732696915.14824354775.73262745118.09090196080.09257.3817.539.88398.80.17525No-tilled2.6073538987.47904761926.04523809521.188543945755.149285067519.62464985991.422828510483.60584101268.65915736864.652007469714.97264239030.5731928571

612.0578297753.7271.033319687261.006804256820.60784313731.387795607874.457627719517.04559894071.935529411818.67231372550.098666666782.82557.85780.4043Tilled2.175969987813.934444444426.851.187998586455.169864665720.16448801741.419449253483.7339759268.54169224944.660821350815.50366666670.7234472222

712.378220204220.7271.231280863753.53657118316.80392156861.395779203988.21458724934.43418143095.983215686310.82070588240.09481.2223.7557.47574.70.50375

1212.541050419911.520.81.123782893657.593098353922.35294117651.418526352979.221855222512.67808866184.237647058818.11529411760.109666666782.23052.25220.3057ReferenciaPREWADBDTPORTOCMAXBDRCSPPOMROCSI

1512.952147107913.6729.41.172499212655.754746695918.82352941181.386129823584.58797961477.75880144793.266078431415.55745098040.116333333384.826.2558.55585.50.4651Non-disturbed111111111111

2112.48245410990.3325.251.256912824852.569327365619.84313725491.407541843189.29843407083.44058653434.934156862714.90898039220.10366666678126.354.75470.49765No-tilled0.88623958760.2719653680.85863422291.08085222170.9426534640.71438768231.00259814831.078358370.60858034320.48971902610.83314425831.8090829504

2211.9584450471326.51.24817244152.8991531715.98039215691.525171980481.838143962910.27965828493.667529411812.31286274510.137333333354.818.7536.05360.50.7141Tilled0.73961219690.50670707070.88516483521.08035627640.94300522610.73403917841.000216951.08001106980.60032469440.49064686760.86269280522.2833083471

2312.96652107650.67241.334821222849.62938781814.8627450981.380726862796.6752555367-3.32196700812.966274509811.89647058820.05466666679332.560.56050.47

2412.390959732614301.300687263650.917461751115.68627450981.401850686392.78358075720.24564801252.945098039212.74117647060.072666666779.2522.556.75567.50.83425MediaPREWADBDTPORTOCMAXBDRCSPPOMROCSI

2712.48663424534.33301.19681898454.83701947220.90196078431.46835990281.507196048710.58304816625.871058823515.03090196080.088666666764.252044.25442.50.9702Non-disturbed2.19199472185.5260.952562224156.393644208324.62745098041.395677811865.982000080110.33921042785.368862745112.74627450980.08

2812.46231097287.3331.51.25445489652.662079396618.4313725491.472263431485.20587207827.19236088975.208156862713.22321568630.084333333364.252044.25442.50.4564No-tilled1.9584450471018.751.033319687249.62938781814.8627450981.346876607873.7028285921-3.32196700811.935529411810.82070588240.1743

3512.6373759865225.51.1357.35849056618.76470588241.430175764779.011267557912.87114069167.709176470611.05552941180.124258073176.425.251.25120.80595Tilled1.4632493013017.81.056666666749.893977232115.49019607841.348175568678.3775267299-3.10327882732.123294117610.80588235290.1017

3612.4504335097.524.751.254.716981132118.03921568631.448664039282.834940859.36586467464.44137254913.59784313730.109456267969.821.548.34830.49965

3712.53474702369.518.751.216666666754.088050314516.47058823531.477753470682.33218130649.8267594314.107647058812.36294117650.107956735166.622.7543.85438.50.59785ReferenciaPREWADBDTPORTOCMAXBDRCSPPOMROCSI

4414.45662597411224.51.223333333353.836477987421.90196078431.45033490284.34833442127.9784913865.838352941216.06360784310.13567474736518474700.40615Non-disturbed111111111111

4512.2560946241925.51.156666666756.352201257922.66666666671.422216666781.328442689210.74691673355.990431372516.67623529410.14767808946816.551.55150.604No-tilled0.89345335900.72115384621.08477919980.88005285910.60350318470.96503404761.117014163-0.32129793970.3605101310.84893086792.17875

4913.145861379115271.1855.471698113219.1372549021.355136137387.07612228475.4778464184.358666666714.77858823530.120940479192.652963.65636.50.7138Tilled0.66754234700.68461538461.10928886310.88474468950.62898089170.96596475011.1878622448-0.30014659720.39548303220.84776789831.27125

5212.99952803557.520.71.133333333357.232704402523.60784313731.346876607884.14529784948.16462110254.325098039219.2827450980.08972294.3530.563.85638.50.77465

5512.01255556960231.186666666755.220125786217.33333333331.371740333386.5081122015.9985583024.563098039212.77023529410.091216710490.352961.35613.50.72675

5611.96380575693221.1755.849056603818.25490196081.390915254984.11727428238.19031114723.557490196114.69741176470.086682111791.433.557.95790.93725

322.27996495897.324.351.197657303354.805384782223.25490196081.478216854981.020406397211.02930284358.420823529414.83407843140.095666666759.4817.541.98419.80.1017

422.32597971955.7231.211096384154.298249658121.29411764711.505115294180.465356294811.53813392395.649019607815.64509803920.10566666675820383800.14605

822.34961275889.528.11.218407021354.022376555418.62745098041.377469627588.45255074974.21603315122.123294117616.50415686270.088333333385.052560.05600.50.8061

922.96346986035.517.81.243962244853.058028499915.49019607841.395881490289.1166086443.60727135782.334039215713.15615686270.159333333384.0526.2557.85780.6576

1021.85818702364.522.51.173037120855.734448271918.70588235291.398574705983.87375489218.41355267782.893647058815.81223529410.08866666678427.556.55650.9683

1323.13984202913.6629.31.101497993758.434037973717.45098039221.36766745180.538437388911.47113829244.909568627512.54141176470.11833333338725626201.28525

1622.06539899920251.134800554657.177337562922.54901960781.40446254980.799630817911.23169444033.755960784318.79305882350.13779.52554.55450.6824

1722.1564674541.3322.51.158752482556.273491225522.54901960781.42838254981.123399562610.9348859192.583843137319.96517647060.09566666677827.550.55050.5984

1821.750729151.3339.251.236421144353.342598326723.17647058821.425896176586.71186337035.81177349265.222117647117.95435294120.113333333378.2527.550.75507.50.3618

2621.46324930130.6727.251.327809603449.893977232118.62745098041.376871627596.436703094-3.10327882733.054352941215.57309803920.07781.421.2560.15601.50.8639

3021.805628997347301.212835731454.232613907619.41176470591.400449411886.60332328035.91127544933.610980392215.80078431370.094666666778.522.5565601.4

3121.5353152116121.3330.51.237696970353.294453949219.96078431371.417521960887.31413019265.25965742865.688274509814.27250980390.133666666775.522.5535300.46285

3922.29435882711.5261.113333333357.987421383624.29411764711.411273294178.888570907812.98362039176.895215686317.39890196080.120015681576.92452.95290.6301

4022.237326791811.524.751.166666666755.974842767317.62745098041.463068627579.741076035512.2021033666.821568627510.80588235290.11050899666418464600.5683

4122.63157684611281.153333333356.477987421422.90196078431.41586490281.457865911910.62827058266.985176470615.91678431370.17293909897421.552.55250.43775

4221.51991619544.528.51.2353.584905660420.64705882351.452317647184.69221609277.66324474135.692549019614.95450980390.157059666465.518.5474700.76925

4321.87230829980251.2154.339622641516.82352941181.482876823581.598146305910.4996713372.718431372514.10509803920.114853393664.421.542.94290.97285

5022.9181273564.531.51.056666666760.125786163519.5686274511.348175568678.377526729913.45210992094.535921568615.03270588240.086947623993.72964.76471.30945

532.3962430919260.952562224164.054255693727.82352941181.443669823565.982000080124.815461066615.07725490212.74627450980.23966.552046.55465.50.08

1133.99914903183735.51.128762459957.40519019428.41176470591.395677811880.875575318711.16207383819.636313725518.77545098040.260333333379.422554.42544.20.1831

2033.230706283121.5331.124255843557.575251188128.07843137251.427121078478.777887910513.08508681586.389882352921.68854901960.25374.252549.25492.50.1644

2932.30436325096.5301.155568428556.393644208324.62745098041.413138627581.773182477110.33921042785.368862745119.25858823530.18472.52052.55250.3942

3833.52979432995.527.51.123333333357.610062893125.45098039221.42080745179.06302381512.82369417817.592274509817.85870588240.24485301217524515100.687

4632.191994721867301.113333333357.987421383630.4313725491.414433431478.712317500413.145197177912.931450980417.49992156860.3105345596312.2550.75507.50.39235

Revisor:Penetration resistance



















REFERENCIA

SD

LC


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Revisor:A horizon

Revisor:A horizon

Revisor:A horizon

Deterioro fsico y disminucin del componente orgnico y sus fracciones por el uso agrcola. SD muesta cierta recuperacin de la estabilidad estructural, pero se registran aumentos en la resistencia a la penetracin y un comportamiento diferencial de la velocidad de infiltracin segn la textura del suelo. CO>53m result un indicador sensible a las distintas prcticas de manejo.Permite explicar la variacin favorables de la estabilidad estructural y la densidad aparente independientemente del manejo. Resulta de inters para monitorear cambios introducidos por el manejo en el corto plazo; a la infiltracin y resistencia a la penetracin.Conclusin

- 35 experimentos- Todo igual excepto el sistema de labranza- Distintos sistemas de labranzas: PT; RT y NT- NT Y RT se agruparon como limited tillage (LT) para grficos- Distintos aos. Materiales y mtodosDensidad aparenteResistencia a la penetracinInfiltracinHumedad de suelo en momento crticoContenido de nitratosRendimiento Alguno fert otros no

Densidad aparenteComparacin entre el valor de PT con LT; puntos llenos NT; puntos vacos RT - LT 4% ms que PT; NT > RT sig no da %; hasta densidad 1.3 g ml-1

Resistencia a la penetracinComparacin entre el valor de PT con LT; puntos llenos NT; puntos vacos RT LT mayor que PT; NT > RT sig. Alta sensibilidad, diferencia muy marcada. Los tres sistemas se diferencian: NT>RT>PT.

Inestabilidad estructuralComparacin entre el valor de PT con LT; puntos llenos NT; puntos vacos RT LT menor que PT; PT 70> LT; Alta sensibilidad, diferencia muy marcada. Los tres sistemas se diferencian: NT

Comparacin entre el valor de PT con LT; puntos llenos NT; puntos vacos RT LT mayor que PT; NT > RT. Mayor diferencia a mayores tasasInfiltracin

Comparacin entre el valor de PT con LT; puntos llenos NT; puntos vacos RT PT = RT; NT > RT y PT. 16 mm ms. Mayor diferencia en arenosos (18 mm) menor en finos (9 mm)Humedad

ConclusionesEn SD mejora estabilidad (resistencia a la degradacin).Endurecimiento y densificacin. SD mejora infiltracin contradiccin con trabajo regional. Evaluar este factor con particular atencin.

Buenas prcticas agronmicas relacionadas con las propiedades fsicasSostener buenos niveles de carbono orgnico especialmente particuladoDMAX (t m-3)= 1.44 0.033 MOS (%) + 0.00297 ARENA (%) + 0.039 MANEJO; n= 62 y R2= 0.78; MANEJO: 0 pastura y monte, 1 siembra directa y 2 suelos laboreados (Micucci et al, 2006) INESTABILIDAD ESTRUCTRAL

Controlar el transitoResistencia a la penetracin e infiltracinCHC (%)= 21.61 + 1.859 MOS (%) 0.101 Arena (%); R2= 0.64; P

ing. carina alvarez - calidad física del suelo

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