hist4

379
Lr. Nardcrt/Dcrtrenl Derdc Sne Hgstarge lc me Erqugtc`ture @antcoparånce 5

Upload: alvaro-vergara

Post on 10-Feb-2018

242 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    1/378

    Lr. Nardcrt/Dcrtrenl Derdc

    Sne

    Hgstarge lc meErqugtc`ture@antcoparnce

    5

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    2/378

    4

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    3/378

    $Irao thc iamlgnfs ai gts radc- gt draufht twa `hgmlrcn: wrct`hcl- edkc`t- irgfhtium- hglcaus-ogscredmc. \hcy jncmt lawn et gts icct- enl `munf upan thc autsglc ai gts ferocnt.$Ah- Oen- maaj hcrc% Maaj- maaj- lawn hcrc%$ cx`megocl thc Fhast.\hcy wcrc e day enl e fgrm. Wcmmaw- ocefrc- reffcl- s`awmgnf- wamigsh: dut prastretc- taa- gn thcgrhuogmgty. Vhcrc fre`cium yauth shauml hevc igmmcl thcgr iceturcs aut- enl tau`hcl thco wgth gts

    ircshcst tgnts- e stemc enl shrgvcmmcl henl- mgjc thet ai efc- hel pgn`hcl- enl twgstcl thco- enlpummcl thco gnta shrcls. Vhcrc enfcms ogfht hevc set cnthrancl- lcvgms murjcl- enl fmercl autocne`gnf. Na `henfc- na lcfreletgan- na pcrvcrsgan ai huoengty- gn eny frelc- thraufh emm thcoystcrgcs ai wanlcrium `rcetgan- hes oanstcrs hemi sa harrgdmc enl lrcel.

    P`raafc stertcl de`j- eppemmcl. Hevgnf thco shawn ta hgo gn thgs wey- hc trgcl ta sey thcy wcrcignc `hgmlrcn- dut thc warls `hajcl thcoscmvcs- rethcr then dc pertgcs ta e mgc ai su`h cnaroausoefngtulc.$Ppgrgt- erc thcy yaurs1$ P`raafc `auml sey na oarc.$\hcy erc Oen&s-$ segl thc Ppgrgt- maajgnf lawn upan thco. $Enl thcy `mgnf ta oc- eppcemgnf iraothcgr iethcrs. \hgs day gs Gfnaren`c. \hgs fgrm gs Vent. Dcwerc thco dath- enl emm ai thcgr lcfrcc-dut oast ai emm dcwerc thgs day- iar an hgs draw G scc thet wrgttcn whg`h gs Laao- unmcss thc wrgtgnfdc crescl. Lcny gt%$ `rgcl thc Ppgrgt- strct`hgnf aut gts henl tawerls thc `gty. $Pmenlcr thasc whatcmm gt yc. Elogt gt iar yaur ie`tgaus purpascs- enl oejc gt warsc. Enl edglc thc cnl.$$Hevc thcy na rciufc ar rcsaur`c1$ `rgcl P`raafc.$Erc thcrc na prgsans1$ segl thc Ppgrgt- turngnf an hgo iar thc mest tgoc wgth hgs awn warls. $Ercthcrc na warjhauscs1$\hc dcmm stru`j twcmvc.P`raafc maajcl edaut hgo iar thc Fhast- enl sew gt nat. Es thc mest strajc `cescl ta vgdretc- hcrcocodcrcl thc prclg`tgan ai aml Ke`ad Oermcy- enl mgitgnf up hgs cycs- dchcml e samcon Rhentao-lrepcl enl haalcl- `aognf- mgjc e ogst emanf thc fraunl- tawerls hgo.$

    (@hermcs Lg`jcns-E @hrgstoes @eram- 58

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    4/378

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    5/378

    $\hc Rhentao oavcl ewey es gt hel `aoc tawerls hgo. P`raafc iammawcl gn thc shelaw ai gtslrcss- whg`h darc hgo up- hc thaufht- enl `errgcl hgo emanf.\hcy s`er`cmy sccocl ta cntcr thc `gty: iar thc `gty rethcr sccocl ta sprgnf up edaut thco- enlcn`aopess thco ai gts awn e`t. Dut thcrc thcy wcrc- gn thc hcert ai gt: an @henfc- eoanfst thcocr`hents: wha hurrgcl up enl lawn- enl `hgnjcl thc oancy gn thcgr pa`jcts- enl `anvcrscl gn

    fraups- enl maajcl et thcgr wet`hcs- enl trgimcl thaufhtiummy wgth thcgr frcet faml scems: enl saiarth- es P`raafc hel sccn thco aitcn.\hc Ppgrgt stappcl dcsglc anc mgttmc jnat ai dusgncss ocn. Adscrvgnf thet thc henl wes pagntcl tathco- P`raafc elven`cl ta mgstcn ta thcgr temj.$Na-$ segl e frcet iet oen wgth e oanstraus `hgn-$ G lan&t jnaw ou`h edaut gt- cgthcr wey. G anmyjnaw hc&s lcel.$$Vhcn lgl hc lgc1$ gnqugrcl enathcr.$Mest ngfht- G dcmgcvc.$$Vhy- whet wes thc oettcr wgth hgo1$ esjcl e thgrl- tejgnf e vest quentgty ai snuii aut ai e vcrymerfc snuii/dax. $G thaufht hc&l ncvcr lgc.$$Fal jnaws-$ segl thc igrst- wgth e yewn.

    $Vhet hes hc lanc wgth hgs oancy1$ esjcl e rcl/ie`cl fcntmcoen wgth e pcnlumaus cx`rcs`cn`c anthc cnl ai hgs nasc- thet shaaj mgjc thc fgmms ai e turjcy/`a`j.$G hevcn&t hcerl-$ segl thc oen wgth thc merfc `hgn- yewngnf efegn. $Mcit gt ta hgs `aopeny-

    pcrheps. Hc hesn&t mcit gt ta oc. \het&s emm G jnaw.$\hgs pmcesentry wes rc`cgvcl wgth e fcncrem meufh.$Gt&s mgjcmy ta dc e vcry `hcep iuncrem-$ segl thc seoc spcejcr: $iar upan oy mgic G lan&t jnaw aienydaly ta fa ta gt. Puppasc wc oejc up e perty enl vamuntccr1$$G lan&t ognl fagnf gi e mun`h gs pravglcl-$ adscrvcl thc fcntmcoen wgth thc cx`rcs`cn`c an hgsnasc. $Dut G oust dc icl- gi G oejc anc.$

    Enathcr meufh.$Vcmm- G eo thc oast lgsgntcrcstcl eoanf yau- eitcr emm-$ segl thc igrst spcejcr-$ iar G ncvcr wcerdme`j fmavcs- enl G ncvcr cet mun`h. Dut G&mm aiicr ta fa- gi enydaly cmsc wgmm. Vhcn G `aoc ta thgnj aigt- G&o nat et emm surc thet G wesn&t hgs oast pertg`umer irgcnl: iar wc uscl ta stap enl spcejwhcncvcr wc oct. Dyc- dyc.$Ppcejcrs enl mgstcncrs strammcl ewey- enl ogxcl wgth athcr fraups. P`raafc jncw thc ocn- enlmaajcl tawerls thc Ppgrgt iar en cxpmenetgan.\hc Rhentao fmglcl an gnta e strcct. Gts ignfcr pagntcl ta twa pcrsans occtgnf. P`raafc mgstcnclefegn- thgnjgnf thet thc cxpmenetgan ogfht mgc hcrc.

    Hc jncw thcsc ocn- emsa- pcric`tmy. \hcy wcrc ocn ai eyc dusgncss; vcry wcemthy- enl ai frcetgoparten`c. Hc hel oelc e pagnt emweys ai stenlgnf wcmm gn thcgr cstcco; gn e dusgncss pagnt aivgcw- thet gs: strg`tmy gn e dusgncss pagnt ai vgcw.

    $Haw erc yau1$ segl anc.$Haw erc yau1$ rcturncl thc athcr.$Vcmm%$ segl thc igrst. $Aml P`ret`h hes fat hgs awn et mest- hcy.$$Pa G eo taml-$ rcturncl thc sc`anl. $@aml- gsn&t gt.$$Pcesanedmc iar @hrgstoes tgoc. Wau&rc nat e sjetcr- G suppasc1$$Na. Na. Paocthgnf cmsc ta thgnj ai. Faal oarngnf.$

    Nat enathcr warl. \het wes thcgr occtgnf- thcgr `anvcrsetgan- enl thcgr pertgnf.P`raafc wes et igrst gn`mgncl ta dc surprgscl thet thc Ppgrgt shauml ette`h goparten`c ta`anvcrsetgans eppercntmy sa trgvgem: dut iccmgnf essurcl thet thcy oust hevc saoc hgllcn purpasc-hc sct hgoscmi ta `ansglcr whet gt wes mgjcmy ta dc.$

    (@hermcs Lg`jcns-E @hrgstoes @eram- $Ptevc

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    6/378

    9

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    7/378

    NLG@C FCNCTEM

    2. Rrcmgognercs 50

    RTGOCTE RET\C; las `ucstgancs octalamfg`es/desc; + me lcigng`gn lcm oer`a hgstrg`a + cmiun`ganemgsoa aoa vemar gcntig`a pasgtgva 56

    G. Rmentceogcntas y udg`e`gn lcm pradmcoe lcm cstulga lc me erqugtc`ture `antcoparnceGG. Yemarcs y naroes lc me erqugtc`ture `antcoparnceGGG. Lcigng`gn lcm oer`a tcrg`a c hgstrg`a lcm tredekaGY. Iaroe/iun`gn/sodama; cm iun`ganemgsoa `aoa `arrgcntc hgstrg`e / gntralu``gn e me `ucstgntcrg`e cn erqugtc`ture `antcoparnceY. Cm lcdetc cntrc arfeng`gsoa y iun`ganemgsoa; lcm lcdetc cntrc entgfuas y oalcrnas e me `ucstgniaroem `aoa cmcocnta lc lcigng`gn lcm cntarna sa`gem cn erqugtc`ture y cn mes ertcs lcm lgsca cn mepa`e `antcoparnceYG. Ma `an`rcta `aoa cxprcsgn lc me NeturemczeYGG. Me erqugtc`ture y urdenstg e `antcoparnces `aoa `antgnue`gn lc mas pmentceogcntasoalcrnas

    PCFSNLE RET\C; nucves tgpamafes lc clgig`gas 506YGGG. Me `ese durfucseGX. Cm prastdumaX. Ircejs shaws- zaamfg`as- `gr`as- ouscas- Cxpasg`gancs Sngvcrsemcs- `ei`an` y ounla lcmcntcrtegnocntXG. Hatcmcs- seunes- spes y erqugtc`tures pere cm rcmekeogcnta lc me sa`gclel lc oeseXGG. Esgmas lc en`genas- arienetas- cs`ucmes- `uertcmcs- `r`cmcs- clgig`gas lc scrvg`gas sc`rctas y lcgntcmgfcn`ge- y sa`gclel naroetgveXGGG. Ramg`e- clgig gas fudcrneocntemcs- trenspartcs- idrg`es- den`as- frenlcs emoe`cncs-`anlaogngas-...

    \CT@CTE RET\C; tcargze`gn c hgstargze`gn lc me erqugtc`ture y pradmcoes lc urdengsoa yurdengze`gn 0

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    8/378

    8

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    9/378

    2. RTCMGOGNETCP

    5' Entc`clcntcsCm prcscntc tredeka- sg dgcn iun`gane cn s c puclc mccrsc sgn rc`urrgr e ngnfn atra tgpa lc

    oetcrgem- par me mnce fcncrem lc sus pmentceogcntas- sc cntgcnlc `aoa me `antgnue`gn lc nucstraentcrgar tredeka sadrc Hgstarge lc me Erqugtc`ture Oalcrne- cm `uem rcicrcn`geoas `ele vcz quc nas

    perc`c tgm rcogtgr cm mc`tar e lg`ha tredeka.

    4' Ya`edumergaRar atre pertc- palr esaodrer- y heste `enser- cm mc`tar cm usa rcpctgtgva quc he`coas cn cm

    prcscntc tredeka lcm `an`cpta lc $glcamafe$.Cn su `ana`gle tcsgs tgtumele Glce- cm oecstra Crwgn Renaisjy cvglcn`ge me goparten`ge lcm

    `an`cpta cn cm ertc y cm pcnseogcnta csttg`a (cntgnlesc cm pcnseogcnta sadrc cm ertc'.Me glcamafe cs- `aoa nas cnscen tenta mas ogtamfas `aoa mas `aoperetgstes- mas

    g`anmafas- mas iamjmargstes- mas psg`mafas y mas hgstargelarcs lc mes ocntemglelcs- ma cn quc sciunleocnten mes `rccn`ges sa`gemcs lc mas frupas- y- lcntra lc stas- lc mas gnlgvgluas- `rccn`ges`an mes `uemcs e vc`cs raopcn- y quc e ocnula esuocn `aoa pertc lc su vgvcn`ge- `rccn`ges quc

    lctcrognen mes e``gancs- e`tgvglelcs y rcspucstes e cstoumas lc `ele una lc mas ogcodras lcmfrupa y!a sa`gclel.

    Cs ten pa`a usuem esuogr cste rcemglel tretnlasc lc me erqugtc`ture `antcoparnce-`urgaseocntc- lela quc cs cmme- a cn su pa`e- quc sc gopumseran- os quc cn `uemqugcr atre-gnvcstgfe`gancs tcrg`es sadrc ma quc cs- prc`gseocntc- me erqugtc`ture- cs ten pa`a usuem- quc nas

    perc`c gnlgspcnsedmc rcesuogr e ocnula pere cm mc`tar cstc `an`cpta ten scn`gmma- y epercntcocntcadvga- lc quc cm oetcrgem sgodmg`a- `aoa ma cs me erqugtc`ture- em gfuem quc `uemqugcr atre ertc a

    pralu``gn lcm pcnseogcnta huoena- pravgcnc na lc me rcemglel lcm ounla- sgna- cn prgocregnsten`ge- lc me glce quc tcncoas lcm ogsoa. Ma quc na nas lcvucmvc e tcsgs glcemgstes a oe`hgstes-sgna- sgopmc y scn`gmmeocntc- e me `ansglcre`gn quc me erqugtc`ture na cs un octemcnfuekc / ma quctcnlre e qucrcr lcker pcnser cm iun`ganemgsoa /- enmgsgs gopme`edmc lc ma rcem- sgna un mcnfuekc/adkcta- pralu``gn ocntem pravgngcntc lc `rccn`ges- oes na cstulgase lc cmmes.

    Rar ma `uem un punta `cntrem- tenta e ngvcm hgstrg`a `aoa tcrg`a scr pere nasatras cstulgercm iun`ganemgsoa `aoa punta lc pertgle glcamfg`a- prc`gseocntc- lc y cn me erqugtc`ture`antcoparnce.

    0' Cm oaocnta hgstrg`a y su `antcxta; Ertcs y Erqugtc`ture@aoa cn nucstra entcrgar tredeka sadrc Hgstarge lc me Erqugtc`ture Oalcrne- `anscrveoas cm

    ladmc prgn`gpga- ye cxpmg`ela cn su tgcopa cn mes pemedres mgognercs lc lg`ha tredeka- lc rcicrcn`gesdgdmgafrig`es cn cm tcxta- y lc `gte gntcfrem `ele vcz quc cs pasgdmc lc mas tcxtas- he`gcnla niesgscn cstc prcscntc nucva tredeka sadrc erqugtc`ture `antcoparnce cn me `gte `aopmcte lc mas

    oengigcstas lc mes lgstgntes venfuerlges- pere `ana`gogcnta y oencka lgrc`ta lcm mc`tar ycstulgentela.Lc hc`ha- un cmcocnta sgn lule ouy pa`a lcdetgla cs quc mas entefangsoas ertstg`as lc mas

    sgfmas entcrgarcs- quc- sgn coderfa- sc rcsamvgcran cntrc las `arrgcntcs `esg sgcoprc- perc`cnelqugrgr e ignemcs lcm sgfma XGX c gng`gas lcm sgfma XX un `rc`gcntc gopmcocnta- ievarc`gcnla meapasg`gn cntrc un sunnocra lc oavgogcntas quc- par scr talas cn mnces em ign y em `eda peremcmes-na lcken lc rc`ana`crsc e s ogsoas `an naodrcs lgstgntas- he`gcnla pamgie`tg`a y lgs`ursgva- maquc cn Ng`erefue- e me gnvcrse- iuc ungterga- heste cn su ng`a naodrc lc usa fcnrg`a (y su

    pcroencn`ge pere lcigngr oavgogcntas pastcrgarcs- `aoa me pacse lc Crncsta @erlcnem- rc`ana`gla-y `an `gcrte rezn- par vergas tcrg`as ne`ganemcs `aoa $pastvenfuerlgste$ cn sus t`ng`es- iaroes-tcoes y oatgvas'; cm icnocna lc venfuerlge. Rerelgfotg`a lc cstc pcrpctua y vgamcnta

    cnircnteogcnta cntrc mes venfuerlges curapces cs cm Oengigcsta @anstru`tgvgste a rcemgste lc 5742lc Neuo Feda y Entagnc Rcvsncr y su `rtg`e e mas las oavgogcntas entcrgarcs- `ansc`utgvas cm unalcm atra `ranamfg`eocntc- quc san cm `udgsoa y cm iuturgsoa.

    7

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    10/378

    Lg`ha gopmcocnta lc oengigcstas- `arrgcntcs y oavgogcntas pravgcnc- pradedmcocntc- engvcm mgtcrerga- lc un ladmc icnocna; par un mela- cm prc`ga lc me goprcnte y cm `asta ou`ha ocnarlc me goprcsgn lcm oengigcsta quc lcm tretela (sgn coderfa- na lcseperc`c cn cm sgfma XX cmtretela- sgna quc sc prcscnte `aoa scfunle ctepe lc me rcprcscnte`gn tcrg`e lcm ertgste entc cmounla- lcs`rgptgve y enemtg`e- `ansc`utgve em mmeoela gopcretgva lcm oengigcsta': par atra- megnncfedmc gnimucn`ge lcm pcnseogcnta y me e`tgtul pcrgalstg`e- y- par cnlc- me pcric`te gns`rgp`gn-

    tenta lcm oengigcsta `aoa lcm `ammefc y me adre pudmg`ele cn lgerga- y heste lc me `rce`gn lc rcvgste-pere cxprcser- pra`meoer- gope`ter- cxpmg`er- prapefenlgzer y lgiunlgr rpgleocntc mes glces lc unnucva oavgogcnta- gfuem quc puclcn he`crma mes `aopees prgveles pere su pudmg`glel- a cmfadgcrna cn tgcopa lc fucrre.

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    11/378

    55

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    12/378

    54

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    13/378

    RTGOCTE RET\C;LAP @SCP\GANCP OC\ALAMFG@EP/DEPC;+ ME LCIGNG@GN LCM OET@A HGP\TG@A

    + CM ISN@GANEMGPOA @AOA YEMAT @GCN\IG@A RAPG\GYA

    G. RMEN\CEOGCN\AP W SDG@E@GN LCM RTADMCOE LCM CP\SLGA LC ME

    ETUSG\C@\STE @AN\CORATNCERcnser me erqugtc`ture `antcoparnce- cs pcnser trcs cmcocntas e me vcz;5! @aoa cn cm `esa lc me erqugtc`ture oalcrne- cm oer`a hgstrg`a- pradmcoe `ru`gem y sgn

    coderfa taleve lcdetgla- par ma `uem- e pcser lc hedcrma ye edarlela cn nucstra tredeka entcrgarsadrc Hgstarge lc me Erqugtc`ture Oalcrne- nas perc`c equ tgm- nc`cserga c gopartentc vamvcrma eedarler lctcngleocntc.

    4! Me lcpcnlcn`ge lc me erqugtc`ture `antcoparnce rcspc`ta lc me erqugtc`ture oalcrne-gn`muycnla; cm lcdetc iaroem cntrc arfeng`gsoa y iun`ganemgsoa: cm vcfctemgsoa `aoa punta lccniaquc- y cm iaroemgsoa cn sus lgstgntes oengicste`gancs- tenta pastoalcrnes `aoa cn Pentgefa@emetreve / cn me quc perc`c rcspanlcr e vemarcs `urvgmncas prapgas lc mes `arrgcntcs arfeng`gstes /-tenta re`ganemgstes- `aoa cn Elami Maas / lanlc me epamafe lc mes iaroes fcaotrg`es sgopmcs na

    lcke e me vcz lc rcogtgr e me sgodamafe quc cstes iaroes fcaotrg`es sgopmcs tgcnc cn me pa`eoalcrne- eunquc pcrlgle epercntcocntc me `annate gn rcmgfgase advge `an`gcntc /: y e megoparten`ge lc lg`hes iaroes fcaotrg`es sgopmcs cn cm ertc y me pgnture lc gng`gas lcm sgfma XX.

    0! Cm hc`ha lc quc- `ansc`ucn`ge teodgn lcm pcnseogcnta tretelgste lc mas erqugtc`tasoalcrnas- pcra elcos lc me `gcntgigze`gn lcm lgs`ursa lc me hgstarge lcm ertc lcslc cm sgfma XGX-hedmer lc me erqugtc`ture `antcoparnce- cs- par prgocre vcz cn me hgstarge lc me erqugtc`ture (y sgnamvglernas lc mas ye `gtelas tretelas rcne`cntgstes y pastcrgarcs- y teopa`a lc Ygtruvga y su pepcm`cntrem cn me hgstarge lc me erqugtc`ture'- tcncr quc `ansglcrer une scrgc lc lgs`ursas tcrg`as sadrc meerqugtc`ture. Lg`ha lc atre iaroe- pcnser me erqugtc`ture `antcoparnce- ye na sma cs- `aoa

    pmentcdeoas cn nucstra tredeka sadrc Hgstarge lc me Erqugtc`ture Oalcrne- pasg`ganernas lcslc cmsgfma XXG y `an`cptuemgzer lcslc cste pcrspc`tgve (lc me `uem sgcoprc tcncoas quc scr `an`gcntcs'atre pa`e- glcemgzele par s ogsoe `aoa par nasatras- cs lc`gr- nucstra sgfma- sgna teodgnudg`ernas lcntra lc talas mas lgs`ursas cocrfcntcs sadrc tcargze`gn- a sce- enmgsgs cgntcrprcte`gancs lc me erqugtc ture- es `aoa lcntra lc su arfengze`gn par tcotg`es-

    pmentceogcntas- argcnte`gancs c glcamafes cspc`ig`es. Ogcntres cn cm `esa lc me erqugtc`tureoalcrne- cm hgstargelar sc cn`ucntre entc un hc`ha e me vcz punta lc pertgle lc tala ma umtcrgar (nasma parquc cm pesela lcignc sgcoprc cm iutura- sgna parquc mas erqugtc`tas y ertgstes rcne`cntgstes`rceran su prapge ogtamafe pere mas sgfmas quc mcs iucran vcnglcras- y e me vcz parquc nucstrepa`e- `antcoparnce- glcemgz tenta cm Tcne`gogcnta `aoa mas rcne`cntgstes glcemgzeran maentgfua'- ogcntres es cs cn cm `esa lc me erqugtc`ture oalcrne- y nele os- rcme`gn lcrcprcscnte`gn (kucfa luem lc euta/rcprcscnte`gn rcne`cntgstes c glcamafgze`gn lc ma rcne`cntgste

    par nucstre pa`e'- cn cm `esa lcm cstulga lc me erqugtc`ture `antcoparnce- nas cnircnteoas e unpradmcoe os `aopmcka taleve quc- na sma- `aoa lc`goas cn mas las puntas entcrgarcs- nasrcogtc e me gnimucn`ge iunleocntem lc ma oalcrna sadrc ma `antcoparnca- sgna teodgn nascnircnte e me cxgstcn`ge prcvge e nucstra prapga enmgsgs lc lgs`ursas octemgnfstg`as sadrc meerqugtc`ture `antcoparnce- admgfnlanas es- par iucrze- e pasg`ganernas entc cmmas- par `rgtg`ermas-elaptermas a rc`hezermas. Esgogsoa- gfuem quc pesede cstulgenla me erqugtc`ture oalcrne- cstenlacntan`cs admgfelas e rc`ana`cr nucstre pasg`gn prckug gele entc cm hc`ha erqugtc`tng`a yurdenstg`a quc nas ta`ede cstulger- tcncoas quc rc`ana`cr lc cntrele- em prapancrnas edarler ycstulger me erqugtc`ture `antcoparnce- quc nucstra pcnseogcnta sadrc me erqugtc ture`antcoparnce cs prckug`gela par mas prccxgstcntcs pmentceogcntas tcrg`as sadrc lg heerqugtc`ture.

    Rcar sgn lule- na sma nas prckug`ge cn cm `esa lc me erqugtc`ture `antcoparnce nucstra`ana`gogcnta lc me ogsoe- mas tcxtas em rcspc`ta- mes tcares y mas cs`rgtas lc mas prapgas erqugtc`tas-

    50

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    14/378

    sgna- teodgn- os lgrc`te- pcrng`gase c gopm`gteocntc- me erqugtc`ture quc mmeoercoas ig`tg`ge- mequc nas prapar`ganen- lcslc un pa`a os lc las sgfmas- talas mas oclgas lc `aoung`e`gn;mgtcreture- pgnture- iatafreie- pudmg`glel- `gncoe- cn talas sus fncras; ientstg`a- `gcn`ge ig``gn-rcemgsoa sa`gem-...- talas sgcnla vgsgancs gfuemocntc- cs gopartentc esuogrma lcslc ye- iemsgig`eleslc me rcemglel. Me rceprapge`gn lcm oclga urdena par mas ertgstes- lc mas goprcsgangstes e masiuturgstes y mas eig`hgstes lcm Nucva Tcemgsoa- rcprcscnten me vgsgn per`cmerge- glcamefgzele e su

    vcz- lc ma erqugtc`tng`a y urdena par me sa`gclel quc ma vgvc- sa`gclel quc- lc rcpcntc- sc vucmvclc oese- cs lc`gr- lanlc tales mes oengicste`gancs e`cr`e lcm odgta lc vgle lgrc`ta elqugcrcnogsoa vemar a- ockar lg`ha- c`a cn me sa`gclel- cs lc`gr- pere talas nasatras- `aoa ma vcoas cn masoavgogcntas os rc`gcntcs- lc mas dcetng js e me kcrfe pergsgne cn mas igmocs lc Og`hcmEulgerl- a mas oavgogcntas rep- hgp/hap y freiigtcras.

    \emcs gntcrprcte`gancs lc ma rcem- sgn coderfa- cnia`ela he`ge me `gulel `aoa perelgfoe lcma vgvcn`gem pravgcncn e su vcz lc trcs ie`tarcs;

    5! Me glcamafe rcne`cntgste lc me `gulel- praoavgla par mas tretelgstes- mas prn`gpcs cn sulcsca lc rcprcscnter pere mas lcos mtcnluc lc su palcr- y mas durfucscs quc oalcmgzeran sus

    rcprcscnte`gancs lc s ogsoas cn sus prapgclelcs sadrc lg`ha oalcma- `aoa vcoas cn me pgnturederra`e y ra`a`- cn pertg`umer cn mes adres lc Yen Ly`j- Fegnsdaraufh a Tcynamls.

    4! Me lcs`rgp`gn `ertafrig`e y fcafrig`e lc me `gulel `aoa ckcopmuo lc cstc palcr- y!a-par `ansc`ucntc- lc me pasgdgmglel lc `eodga sa`gem lc mes `gulelcs glcemcs. Rgntarcs `aoa Ycroccry @enemctta hg`gcran lc me `gulel cm mufer/desc lc ma sa`gem.

    0! Me cxpcrgcn`ge sa`gem `an`rcte lcm pucdma lcslc cm sgfma XGX- `aoa vcoas lc [ame e \hcFrepcs ai Vreth (5707' lc Kahn Ptcgndc`j- par lcseic``gn lcm `eopa- y me dsqucle tredeka cn me`gulel- tuva vgvcn`ge lurelcre y cx`musgve cn cm odgta `gulelena- rctretela par mas goprcsgangstes-cn pertg`umer me ieogmge ertstg`e Tcnagr.

    \alas cstas cmcocntas- y trcs prc`clcntcs ie`tarcs- cvglcn`gen e qu punta cs nc`csergarcudg`er tenta cm lgs`ursa sadrc me erqugtc`ture `aoa cm hc`ha erqugtc`tng a y urdenstg`a`antcoparnca cn s lcntra lc me rcemglel sa`gem c glcamfg`e lc su pa`e pere cntcnlcrma- par ma`uem cstc pra`csa lc `aopere`gn esuogrcoas cn tala cm sgfugcntc tredeka.

    GG. YEMATCP W NATOEP LC ME ETUSG\C@\STE @AN\CORATNCE@uenla mas erqugtc`tas Rhgmgp Kahnsan y Kahn Durfcc (quc tredekeran kunta lurentc vcgntc

    eas e pertgr lc 5796' rctaoen cn su E\)\ @arparetc Hcelquertcrs lc 5768/578< cn Ncw Warj(Mo. 5- clgig`ga vcnlgla cn 5772 e Pany @arparetgan- y rcnaodrela Pany Rmeze' me iaroe lcmirantn qucdrela ($drajcn irantan$- $irantan drgs$' lc mas peme`gas rcne`cntgstes y lc me pa`eoalcrne cn fcncrem (Mo. 4'- eunquc gnspgrele teodgn cn mas $hgfhdays$ lc mas oucdmcs

    @hgppcnlemc (Mo. 0'- y cm prgn`gpga lc cntrele oanuocntem- `g`mpce rcogtgle e me erqugtc`ture lcmas prgocras haodrcs y \gtencs- gfuemocntc `ere`tcrstg`e lcm prgocr pgsa lc mas peme`gas lcmTcne`gogcnta (cn `uenta- prc`gseocntc- rcogngs`cn`ge nca`msg`e lc mas rcne`cntgstes lc quc- tres memmeoele Clel As`ure- mas hcmcnas `ansglcreran mas cnarocs dmaqucs lc pgclres pumgles lc mesclgig`e`gancs og`ng`es- par ckcopma lc Og`cnes- \grgnta- a @hgprc- `aoa cstru`tures quc- par sufgfentgsoa- sma pulgcran scr mcventeles par mas @`mapcs- cmcve`gn lc mas peme`gas oalcrnas lcm

    prgocr em tcr`cr pgsa sgodmg`e lc me cvamu`gn lc me erqugtc`ture y me `gvgmgze`gn lc me erqugtc`tureargfgnem e me lc hay- y rcicrcn`ge e me oanuocntemglel lc mes Rgroglcs cfgp`ges y me oale na smafrc`arraoene- sgna cfgp`ge lc lg`he pa`e oalcrne'- sgn lule cn cm E\)\ Dugmlgnf cn rcicrcn`ge ePen Enlrce lc Oentue lc Emdcrtg (Mo. 56'- cva`e`gn e me vcz lcm palcr lcm prn`gpc y lc mecvamu`gn lc me erqugtc`ture lcslc mas fgfentcs (pradedmcocntc gnimucn`gela par cm rccn`ucntra `an

    me erqugtc`ture cfgp`ge' heste cm tcr`cr pgsa- lanlc sc csiuoe y he`c os suevc cm emoahelgmmela- naslcvucmvcn e me `ucstgn- na sma pastoalcrne- sgna teodgn y entc tala rcne`cntgste- par ma `uemoalcrne- y su gnimucn`ge sadrc me erqugtc`ture pastcrgar- e me `ucstgn- csta cs- lcm pasg`ganeogcnta

    5

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    15/378

    hgstrg`a lcm erqugtc`ta. Na sma nas prapancn une erqugtc`ture hgstarg`gste- rcicrcn`gele- cn emfnscntgla jgts`h y `amaqugem- prapge lc me erqugtc`ture pastoalcrne- sgna em pepcm lcm erqugtc`ta `aoagntcfrelar lc vemarcs cstedmc`glas- y $pcrpctuelar$- e me vcz quc rcnavelar lc lg`has vemarcs yiaroes.

    We cn su $Elg`gn$ lc 5764 e me Dastan Rudmg` Mgdrery (5886/5873' lcm teodgn ieoasa trgalc erqugtc`tas O`Jgo- Ocel y Vhgtc (Mo.

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    16/378

    cnlc- me gns`rgp`gn hgstrg`e lc lg`ha pcnseogcnta cn cm lcdetc cntrc entgfuas (lcicnsarcs lc memnce rc`te- cm lgduka y me `arrcspanlcn`ge `an mas entgfuas; san mas paussgngstes' y oalcrnas(lcicnsarcs lcm `amargsoa- me mgdcrtel y heste euscn`ge lcm lgduka- y me gnvcn`gn `aoa vemarertstg`a iunleocntem; san mas rudcngstes'- cste ogsoe lgem`tg`e- entcs lcm sgfma XYGG lanlc surfc-sgcnla me cntrc mas rcne`cntgstes y mas ftg`as- `aniaroc ma pmentcen Yeserg c Ogfucm Enfcm. Cn cmsgfma XX- cm psg`mafa Laneml Oe`Jgnnan lc me Sngvcrsglel lc lc @emgiarnge cn Dcrjcmcy- `gtenla

    e $Pgr Hcnry Vamtan ((eunquc' etrgduycnla- cqugva`eleocntc- me glce e Tusjgn'... quc $me ducneerqugtc`ture lcdc `uopmgr trcs `anlg gancs; utgmglel- samglcz y lcmcgtc$$ (`gt. par FcaiircyDraeldcnt-Lgsca erqugtc`tng`a / Erqugtc`ture y @gcn`ges Huoenes- Der`cmane- Cl. FF- 5769- p.57'- cn une scrgc lc tcsts quc hgza peser cn 5794 e erqugtc`tas lgstgnfuc mas erqugtc`tas `rcetgvas lcmas tc`namfg`as- cstas mtgoas cnia`elas ng`eocntc e me rcsamu`gn lc pradmcoes lc arlcnt`ng`as- par ma `uem lcserrammeran cm prgn`gpga lc me erqugtc`ture prciedrg`ele- ladmcocntc e`mere-eunquc gopm`gteocntc- me gnimucn`ge vgtruvgene cn cm pra`csa lc lcserramma y lgicrcn`ge`gn lc mas`eopas cspc`ig`as lc me medar erqugtc`tng`e (mas `an`cptas lc utgmglel- samglcz y lcmcgtc- sgcnla-qugcn sce quc mas cxpusa- cn prgocre gnsten`ge lc me prapgclel lcm erqugtc`ta metgna'- y cm argfcnglcamfg`a lcm lcdetc cntrc t`ng`e y ertc cn cm lgs`ursa erqugtc`turem.

    Pcfurglel- iucrze y palcr san vemarcs vgtruvgenas etrgduglas em arlcn lrg`a- c utgmgzela pere

    rcprcscnter me gnstgtu`gn cn sa`gclelcs lanlc ye na cm Rrn`gpc- sgna mas rfenas lc Cstela y lcmDen`a (IOG- Den`a Ounlgem- ct`.' san mas quc rgfcn y lcmgogten mas cspe`gas lc mgdcrtel y lcdcrcslc `ele `gulelena. Cn cstc scntgla ma cntcnlgcran mas prgocras erqugtc`tas lc me Tcvamu`gn- lc@meulc/Ng`ames Mclaux e Ctgcnnc/Maugs Daummc- `rcenla erqugtc`tures naroetgves- sgodmg`es- lclgocnsgancs fgfentcs`es pere gmustrer me iucrze lcm nucva Cstela- tcnlcn`ge quc iuc mmcvela ecxtrcoas par cm Gopcrga- `an cm iereangsoa lc me rcprcscnte`gn lcm palcr nepamcng`a- cm `uemrc`ana`coas cn cm Adcmgs`a cn cm quc hay cn le lcscoda`e cm peme`ga prcsglcn`gem lc Iren`ge- yheste me Rgroglc lcm Mauvrc.

    Cm ogsoa va`edma $peme`ga$- epmg`ela e tales mes erqugtc`tures lcm palcr (peme`gas lckustg`ge- lcm Cstela- lcm Rermeocnta- lc fadgcrna- ct`. / y heste lc mas clgig`gas lc mes prgocresCxpasg`gancs Sngvcrsemcs lcm sgfma XGX- talas paopaseocntc pra`meoelas $peme`gas$ /' rcvcmencstc `an`cpta `acr`gtgva lcm ogsoa cn me sa`gclel `antcoparnce.

    Cs esgogsoa sgfngig`etgva cn Ng`erefue cm hc`ha lc quc mas den`as- heste `uenla smaemqugmen `eses pere edrgr su`ursemcs cn mas lcperteocntas- panfen e ocnula une ie`hele `an`amuones lrg`es- pere rcprcscnter lg`ha palcr- y- lc ma ogsoa- cn cm pesca curapca- ng`e evcngle`cntrem lc me Oenefue sgn `cntra quc `ana`coas `anstc lc las clgig`gas cfgp`gas; cm `esgnaRhereahs- `an su ie`hele lgdukele y pgntele e sgogmgtul lc me os`ere incdrc lcm rastra lc\utenjeon- y me cntrele lcm clgig`ga Rcmmes Den`a DE@- quc na lcke lc rc`arler me cntreleoanuocntem lcm \copma lc Jernej. Lc hc`ha- cm pra`csa cs cm ogsoa cntrc me glcntgig`e`gn cntrc

    palcr/lgncra/pcrcnnglel cn cm clgig`ga Rcmmes- goefcn destentc scn`gmme `an evcngle lc cntrele`ere`tcrstg`e lc mes evcngles lc mas peme`gas oalcrnas (lc Ycrsegmmcs- Mo. 58- e mes pcrtcncn`ges

    lc mas Enlrcws pgntelas par Fegnsdaraufh- Mo. 57- y mes pucrtes lc me oensgn; Pauthiarj Ten`hlc mas Cwgnf- Mo. 9- cn me ieoase tcmcnavcme cstelaunglcnsc Lemmes lc 5768/5775- prgocre lcmfncra cn cstc pes- quc `antede mes evcntures ieogmgercs y pamtg`es/c`anog`es lc une patcntcieogmge lc pctramcras tckenas'- y cn me Rgroglc lcm Mauvrc par Ogn Rcg (Mo. 57'. Cm clgig`gaRcmmes- tala lc vglrga cxprcse elcos cm palcr par rcicrcn`ge e me `antcoparencglel lcm oetcrgem y emas res`e`gcmas lc me cs`ucme lc @hg`efa. Me ie`hele lcm `esgna lc Oenefue sc gnspgre cn meesa`ge`gn jgts`h cntrc palcr- lgncra y cm Entgfua Cfgpta cn Mes Ycfes y mas Cstelas Snglas- `ansus `esgnas lc ogsoas naodrc c g`anafreie.

    Sne lc mes os gopartentcs `ere`tcrstg`es lc mas las scptcnelas lc Irenags Ogttcrenl`aoa prcsglcntc lc me Tcpdmg`e lc Iren`ge san mes mmeoeles frenlcs adres (frenls treveux'.

    Tcspanle su rcemgze`gn e une ladmc nc`csglel; prgocra- rcprcscnter prapefenlstg`eocntc-`aniaroc me glcamafe lcm pertgla sa`gemgste me mnce lcm pertgla y su gnvamu`reogcnta `an me`antcoparencglel (sodama ste lc mes iucrzes rcvamu`ganerges lcm parvcngr- par apasg`gn e mes

    59

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    17/378

    iucrzes rce``ganerges lc lcrc`he'- scfunla- e ngvcm os lge`rng`a- a sce- gns`rgta lcntra lc mercemglel `antcxtuem lc me hgstarge gnoclgete lc Iren`ge cn equcmmas eas- cm he`cr petcntc melgicrcn`ge cntrc mas fadgcrnas entc`clcntcs em sa`gemgste- quc su`clgcran sgn oeyar tres`cnlcn`ge emcodmcotg`a kcic lc fucrre- fcncrem y prcsglcntc @hermcs lc Feummc- y mes nucves iucrzes em palcr e

    pertgr lc 5785- deka cm oenla lcm prgocr prcsglcntc lc gzqugcrle lcslc 5738.Lcntra lc cstc oer`a glcamafgzela- Ogttcrenl sc epayer cn cm usa lc mes ertcs `aoa

    cxprcsgn lc me kuvcntul sa`gemgste cn me igfure `cntrem lc Ke`j Menf- ogngstra lc @umture quc vgna escr cm os `ana`gla y papumer lc mas pamtg`as lc me pa`e- gnsteurenla igcstes `aoa me lc me Osg`e-y praoavgcnla oavgogcntas cocrfcntcs temcs `aoa cm rep.

    Pgn coderfa- ma os rcmcventc y lcste`ela pere escnter cm palcr cspgrgtuem lc ma quc sclcigngr `aoa mas eas Ogttcrenl tenta cn cm gntcrgar `aoa cn cm cxtcrgar lcm pes- san mes adresoanuocntemcs- mes susalg`hes frenlcs adres- cntrc mes `uemcs sc lcste`e prgn`gpemocntc me ieoaseRgroglc (5780/5788' lcm erqugtc`ta sgna/cstelaunglcnsc Ogn Rcg.

    Cs sgfngig`etgva quc- hgstrg`eocntc- cm Fren Mauvrc edre me Yagc \rgaophemc- quc ve lcmEr`a lcm @erruscm y cm Kerln lc mes \ugmcrgcs- pesenla par me Rmeze lc me @an`arlge- mas @eopasCmscas y su Er`a lc \rgunia- heste- prc`gseocntc- cn me e`tuemglel- atre lc mes frenlcs adres lcm

    pcrala lc Ogttcrenl; me Lcicnse y su prapge Fren Er`e (Frenlc Er`hc- y na Er`'- `anstrugle

    `antcoparnceocntc e me Rgroglc (cntrc 5780 y 5787'- par cm erqugtc ta lens Atta vanPprc`jcmscn. E lgicrcn`ge lcm Er`a lc \rgunia lc mas @eopas Cmscas- lanlc cstn scpumtelas-lcslc 5742- mas rcstas oartemcs lcm Pamlela Lcs`ana`gla lc me Rrgocre Fucrre Ounlgem- quc cs unEr`a edgcrta cn `ele una lc sus `uetra melas- cm Er`e lc Pprc`jcmscn cs un `uda lc 522 octras lcmela- sma edgcrta cn su `cntra. Me `anstru``gn lcm Er`a lc \rgunia iuc arlcnele par Nepamcn cn5829- cn hanar e mes trapes iren`cses- y tcrognela deka cm rcgna lc Maugs/Rhgmgppc (5804/5809'. CmEr`a lc \rgunia- `anstrugla par cm erqugtc`ta @hemfrgn- oglc

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    18/378

    Cs- scfn sc lg`c- par gnsgstcn`ge lc Ogttcrenl quc me Rgroglc lcm Mauvrc `anste lc 999pencmcs lc vglrga- su emture tatem sgcnla lc 45-9 o. (459 `arrcspalgcnla e me rez `dg`e lc 9'. Cs-pradedmcocntc- lgi`gm sedcr e qu rcogtgr cxe`teocntc tem sgodmg`e cn me Rgroglc lcm Mauvrc- eun`uenla sc `ana`c- par mes `anicsgancs lc me nc`raontg`e Cmgzedcth \cssgcr- me goparten`ge lcmhars`apa y mes prclg``gancs cn me vgle pamtg`e lcm prcsglcntc iren`s. Pgn coderfa- na perc`ctatemocntc iucre lc mufer e`cr`erme e mes tcsgs oesng`es lc me gnsteure`gn lcm Nucva Arlcn

    Ounlgem a sgstcoe `aoungste pmencterga saela par me sc`te mu`gicrenge lc mas Gmmuognetg- `rcele cn5669. Me ogsoe cstru`ture pgreoglem- quc eperc`c teodgn- tran`ele- cn mas dgmmctcs lc un lmer-perc`gcre `anigroer cste rcme`gn.

    We cm rusa \etmgn- e gng`gas lcm sgfma XX- utgmgz mas `ucrpas pmetng`as pere cvglcn`ger cmpepcm sgodmg`a lc `ele arfengsoa gnstgtu`ganem cn cm Oanuocnta e me GGG Gntcrne`ganem- cm usa lcune iaroe rcogtgcnla e me iun`gn sgcnla un rc`ursa ouy `aonocntc utgmgzela par mas erqugtc`tas.GGG. LCIGNG@GN LCM OET@A \CTG@A C HGP\TG@A LCM \TEDEKA

    \ala ma entcrgar nas rcvcme me goparten`ge lc udg`er lcslc ye cm oer`a hgstrg`a cn cm qucnas veoas e lcserrammer- ma quc gopmg`e- `aoa vcrcoas- une `rtg`e em naroemocntc e`astuodrela

    pere lcigngr me erqugtc`ture `antcoparnce- trogna cn s pa`a usela y heste cqugva`eleocntc

    sustgtugla par cm lc oalcrne.

    \eodgn- y entc tala- gopmg`e pmentcer lcslc ye me pradmcotg`e/desc lc lanlc sc sucmcpertgr pere enemgzer me erqugtc`ture; me rcme`gn iaroe/iun`gn- y- cvcntuemocntc- me gntcr`ancxgn lclg`has an`cptas an cm lc sgodamgsoa erqugtc`tng`a.

    Eh lanlc cm mcoe lc 5879 lc Pummgven lc me cs`ucme lc @hg`efa; $me iaroe sgfuc me iun`gn$($Iaro iammaws iun`tgan$' perc`c cvglcntc y mfg`a- lcdcoas e`merer em mc`tar quc cm punta GG lcnucstra lcserramma e`ede lc lcoastrer quc equcmma cs ocnas quc `gcrta.

    Lc hc`ha- e`edeoas lc vcr quc cn mas `esas `gtelas- me iun`gn na tgcnc pepcm ngnfuna- y csme iaroe- `aoa cnvamture lcm sgodamgsoa quc sc qugcrc rcprcscnter- quc lcignc su prapge cxgstcn`gercem- cn iun`gn- elcos- lc rcogngs`cn`ges hgstrg`es `umturemcs- a sce- quc- `aoa hcoas palgla`aoprader y esuogr cn nuocrasas tredekas nucstras entcrgarcs; mes pralu``gancs sgodmg`as

    pravgcncn lc ma sgodmg`a y lgemafen `ansgfa ogsoes. Na hey- ng rcoateocntc- saodre lciun`ganemgsoa cn tala equcmma. Ycrcoas- cste vcz cn cm `eptuma sgfugcntc- `oa cm iun`ganemgsoacs une glcamafe cnoer`ele cn su prapge pa`e- y quc na lcmgogte nele os quc cm `eopa lc e``gnlc qugcncs me he`cn suye.

    Rcra- pere palcr elcntrernas e mes pradmcotg`es cspc`ig`es lc ma `antcoparnca- prgocratcncoas quc lcigngrma hgstrg`eocntc.

    @gtercoas e `antgnue`gn me lcigng`gn quc hcoas lela ye cn nucstra tredeka entcrgar- sadrcHgstarge lc me Erqugtc`ture Oalcrne;

    Ouy pa`es prc`gses san mes tcrognamafes hgstrg`es lc ma oalcrna y ma `antcoparnca- e`aoa vcoas sgn nc`csglel lc os cxpmg`e`gn- ye quc lgstgnfucn las oaocntas lgicrcntcs- `anlcigngtgvas sgnngoas.

    Lc me ogsoe oencre mas oalcrngstes sc lgicrcn`geran lc su pa`e `an un naodrc quctuvgcran quc supmenter mas venfuerlgstes- `uye glcamafe lcm oaocnta cn pra`csa- par csa ogsoa-na pula glcersc sgna `aoa un pesa he`ge ma os elcmentc lc ma oalcrna; ma quc prc`clc cn cmtrens`ursa hgstrg`a- na `aoa prcogse sgna `aoa `ansc`ucn`ge- ma oalcrna; me venfuerlge- `uyerctefuerlge vgcnc cntan`cs e scr cm pesela oalcrngsoa. Mfg`e ten pa`a pradedmc cs me quc gn`gt meeuta/mmeoele `arrgcntc pastoalcrne e rc`urrgr e un ertgmufga mgnfstg a pere pra`meoersc cnvenfuerlge lcm tgcopa pesela lc ma oalcrna. Lc eh teodgn me trcocnle `aniusgn a`esganele par

    mas trognas- tenta pere cstulgentcs `aoa pere praicsganemcs- cm ockar ckcopma sgcnla mas mgdras yecva`elas lc Erqugtc`ture oalcrne a- e ngvcm ne`ganem- gnvcstgfetgva y la`cntc- cm ouy pa`acspc`ig`a Me oalcrnglel cn me pgnture ng`erefcnsc lc Oere Lamarcs \arrcs. Mas @GEO

    58

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    19/378

    (@anfrcsas Gntcrne`ganemcs lc Erqugtc`ture Oalcrne' gng`gelas cn me prgocre ogtel lcm sgfma XX`arrcspanlcn e cste glcamafe lc s ogsoa `aoa $oalcrna$- entcrgar e me rccstru`ture`gn lc me`gcn`ge hgstrg`e pastcrgar (sgna na `edc lule quc sc hudgcren pra`meoelas @GE@; @anfrcsasGntcrne`ganemcs lc Erqugtc`ture @antcoparnce'.

    Me oalcrnglel eder`e un pcrala quc ve lcm sgfma XGY (sc udg`e trelg`ganemocntc su gng`gacn cm 5022- pa`e lc Fgatta- pcra teodgn ic`he rcgvgnlg`ele par cm Lentc lc cs`rgture lcMe Lgvgne

    @aoclge- eunquc rcemocntc heye sgla cs`rgte cn 5052' e mes rcvamu`gancs iren`cse (5687' ynartceocrg`ene (5669'.Me `antcoparencglel me sgfuc lgrc`teocntc- lc 5687 cn elcmentc- heste nucstras les.Lcntra lc me `antcoparencglel sc udg`en;Cm oalcrngsoa- `arrgcntc cx`musgveocntc mgtcrerge lc ignemcs lcm sgfma XGX `uya oxgoa

    cxpancntc y!a gng`gelar iuc Tudn Lera.Cm pastoalcrngsoa- `arrgcntc- teodgn mgtcrerge- lc mas scfuglarcs lc Lera tcnlg e pcrlcr

    iucrze `an me mmcfele lc me venfuerlge- eun `uenla mas trcs frenlcs; Ezerges H. Remmegs (5883/573

    3! Cn`ucntra `an atras ounlas lcslc Oer`a Rama y mes @ruzeles heste @rgstdem @amn.9! Ockareogcnta lc mes t`ng`es y me nevcfe`gn- es `aoa lc mes oetcotg`es y meestranaoe- fre`ges e mas redcs- es `aoa par nc`csglel lc cn`antrer nucves ves lc trnsgta he`ge@hgne lcspus lc me taoe lc @anstentgnapme par mas \ur`as.

    6! Resekc lcm tca`cntrgsoa em entrapa`cntrgsoa- lcdgla e me nucve ocntemglel durfucse yignen`gcre.

    8! Lgvgsgn lcm gopcrga `eramgnfga cntrc pcqucas cstelas- mas `uemcs mmcfen e scr laognelaspar frenlcs ieogmges durfucses `aoa mas Darfge y mas Olg`gs- quc mmcferan e tcncr Repes cn suieogmges (rcspc`tgveocntc; Emckenlra YG y @mcocntc YGG'.

    7! \aoe lc palcr lc me Gfmcsge sadrc mas csprgtus lcspus lcm ea 5222 y mas ogclasogmcnergas- y `ansc`utgvas gntcrcscs ounlenas lc me Gfmcsge.

    52! Eperg gn lcm Rurfetarga y mes Gnlumfcn`ges- gntcrlg` gn lc `eseogcnta pere masrcmgfgasas.

    57

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    20/378

    55! Apasg`gn cntrc mas rlcncs `msg`as y mas nucvas rlcncs padrcs quc qugcrcn vamvcr eun `rgstgengsoa e goefcn lc mas Relrcs lcm lcsgcrta.

    54! Tce``gn lc Mutcra cn Emcoenge y @emvgna cn Pugze `antre mes gnlumfcn`ges y mas tretasounlenas lc mas Repes.

    50! Tce``gn lc Cnrgquc YGGG lc Gnfmetcrre `antre cm Repela quc mc ngcfe cm lgvar`ga (5300'.5

    hcrcn`ge frc`arraoene- pertc fre`ges e mas redcs- pertc fre`ges e mas cstulgas lc erqucamaferaoene lc Emdcrtg cn su mgdra Lc Tc Eclgig`etarge- pcra os quc tala par su prgocr mgdra- cm cn cstcscntgla iunleocntemLcs`rgptga urdgs Taoec (5

    pudmg`ele par Mc @ardusgcr cn Iren ge.Cm prgocr @anfrcsa Gntcrne`ganem lc Erqugtc`ture Oalcrne- ne`gla lc me nc`csglel lc

    praoavcr cste erqugtc`ture y urdengsoa iun`ganemcs- sc lga- `esuemocntc- deka gnimucn`ge lcm ogsoaMc @ardusgcr- cn 5748 e Me Perrez- cn Pugze. Cm l`goa y mtgoa sc lga cn Ludravngj cn 5739. Iuccn Attcrma- cn mas Rescs Dekas- quc cn 5737 `gcrtas ogcodras lc`glgcran pancr ign e cstas@anfrcsas. (Mas @GEO sc lgcran cn cm arlcn sgfugcntc; 5748- @GEO G- Me Perrez- Pugze- Iunle`gnlcm @GEO: 5747- @GEO GG- Irenjiurt- Emcoenge: 5702- @GEO GGG- Druscmes- Dmfg`e: 5700- @GEOGY- Etcnes- Frc`ge: 5706- @GEO Y- Rers- Iren`ge: 57

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    21/378

    Cm @GEO sc `anstgtuy cn cm `estgmma lc me Perrez cn 5748- e trevs lc un frupa lc 48erqugtc`tas curapcas arfengzelas par Mc @ardusgcr- Hmnc lc Oenlrat- praprgcterge lcm `estgmma- yPgfirgcl Fgclgan- prgocr Pc`rcterga Fcncrem. Mas lcos ogcodras iunlelarcs iucran; Jerm Oascr(prgocr Rrcsglcntc- eunquc euscntc cn Me Perrez'- Yg`tar Daurfcags- Rgcrrc @herceu- Kasci Irenj-Fedrgcm Fucvrcjgen- Oex Crnst Hecicmg- Hufa Hrgnf- E H`hcm- Hugd Hastc- Rgcrrc Kcenncrct(prgoa lc Mc @ardusgcr'- Enlr Muret- Crnst Oey- Icrnenla Fer`e Ocr`elem- Henncs Ocycr-

    Vcrncr Oex Oascr- @erma Cnrg`a Teve- Fcrrgt Tgctvcml- Emdcrta Pertargs- Hens P`hoglt- OertPteo- Tulami Ptcgfcr- Hcnrg/Tadcrt Yan lcr Ohmm- y Kuen lc [eveme. E cstc frupa sc kunteranlcspus atras ogcodras `aoa Emver Eemta y Hcnlrgj Rctrus Dcrmefc. Mas glcemcs re`ganemgstes lcmas @GEO iucran gntralu`glas cn Cspee par cm frupa FE\CRE@- `uya prgn`gpem rcprcscntentc csIcrnenla Fer`e Ocr`elem- eutar lcm rgn`n lc Faye cn [erefaze y lcm `gnc Ifera cn Oelrgl(Mo. 04'. Pc lcste`eran cn cm oavgogcnta- lurentc cm irenqugsoa- mes igfures lc Iren`gs`a KevgcrPcnz lc Agze- Argam Dahgfes- Tg`erla Daigmm y Kas Teiecm Oanca

    Cm @GEO pudmg` me @hertc l&Ethncs cn 5700- tcxta iunlelar lc me erqugtc`ture y cmurdengsoa $oalcrnas$ (cn scntgla mc`ardusgena lc me pemedre'- lg`has- lc oencre os e`crtele- parfmademgzelarcs- cstgma gntcrne`ganem.

    Cstc tcxta cnun`ge mas oclgas pere ockarer mes `uetra `anlg`gancs lc cxgstcn`ge cn me

    $`gulel oalcrne$- quc san hedgter- tredeker- lgvcrtgrsc y `gr`umer. Rcra cm oengigcsta `an`rcta sgfucsgcnla me `anstru``gn lcm Revgmman lcs \cops Nauvceux (5709/5706- Mo. 00' lc Mc @ardusgcr

    pere mas @GEO cn me Cxpasg`gn Gntcrne`ganem lc Rers lc 5706 (ea gopartentc- ye quc lc masqugnta @GEO cn Rers- pcra teodgn cn quc Mc @ardusgcr cs naodrela @hcvemgcr lc me Mfganl&Hanncur- lc me pudmg`e`gn lc Uuenl mcs @ethlremcs tegcnt dmen`hcs- y lcm prayc`ta- quc sgfucg`anafrig`eocntc cm Rmen Yagsgn pere cm hgstrg`a `cntra lc Rers lc 5743- pere cm Rmen lc Rers y cmclgig`ga @ertcsgena- Mo. 0

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    22/378

    Me rcle``gn sc csiarzere par em`enzer cm entclg`ha adkctgva- lenla me pemedre em ertgstevcrlelcreocntc oalcrna- quc palr `antrgdugr e me rciaroe lcm scntgla csttg`a y em `ana`gogcntalc mes ertcs pmstg`es. Emm lanlc me nucve csttg`e na heye mmcfela em fren pdmg a- cs ogsgn lcmcspc`gemgste lcspcrter me `an`gcn`ge csttg`e lc cstc pudmg`a. Cm ertgste vcrlelcreocntc oalcrna-cs lc`gr `ans`gcntc- tgcncn une ladmc terce. Cn prgocr mufer- lcdc `rcer me adre lc ertc pureocntc

    pmstg`e: cn scfunla mufer- lcdc cn`eogner em pudmg`a me `aoprcnsgn lc une csttg`e lcm ertc

    pmstg`a pura. Rar cmma- une rcvgste lc cstes `ere`tcrstg`es cs gnlgspcnsedmc- tenta os `uenla me`rgtg`e aig`gem na he sedgla sus`gter une scnsgdgmglel csttg`e edgcrte e me rcvcme`gn lcm ertcedstre`ta. Me rcle``gn pcrogtgr quc mas cspc`gemgstes mmcncn cste mefune. Cm pcrglg`a scrvgr

    pere cstedmc`cr rcme`gancs cntrc cm ertgste- cm pdmg`a y mas eig`ganelas e mes lgvcrses ertcspmstg`es. Em ler em ertgste me apartunglel lc hedmer lc su prapga tredeka- her lcseperc`cr cmprckug`ga cn vgrtul lcm `uem cm ertgste oalcrna tredeke sgfugcnla tcares prccstedmc`gles. Cn sumufer- sc vcre quc me adre lc ertc na ne`c lc tcares esuogles e prgarg- sgna- par cm `antrerga- qucmas prgn`gpgas sc lcrgven lcm tredeka pmstg`a.$

    Cm Rrcie`ga GG `anigroe quc- sgopmc y scn`gmmeocntc- scr oalcrna cs hedcr lckela lc screntgfua- nele os;

    $Hey une vgcke `an`gcn`ge lcm tgcopa- y hey atre nucve.Me prgocre etgcnlc em gnlgvgluemgsoaMe nucve tgcnlc he`ge ma ungvcrsemMe detemme lcm gnlgvgluemgsoa `antre ma ungvcrsem sc rcvcme tenta cn me fucrre ounlgem `aoa cn cmertc lc nucstre pa`e

    Me fucrre lcstruyc cm vgcka ounla `an su `antcngla; me laogne`gn ungvcrsem cn talas mas`eopas

    Cm ertc nucva he pucsta cn cvglcn`ge cm `antcngla lc me nucve `an`gcn`ge lcm tgcopa;prapar`gancs cqugmgdreles cntrc ma ungvcrsem y ma gnlgvgluem

    Me nucve `an`cp`gn lc tgcopa cste prcperele pere rcemgzersc cn tala- gn`musa cn me vglecxtcrne

    Mes trelg`gancs- mas lafoes y mes prcrrafetgves lcm gnlgvglua (ma $neturem$' sc apancn ecste rcemgze`gn

    Cm ign lc mas iunlelarcs lcm nucva ertc pmstg`a cs he`cr un mmeoeogcnta e talas mas quc`rccn cn me rciaroe lcm ertc y lc me `umture pere engqugmer temcs adst`umas- lcm ogsoaoala quc cmmas ogsoas engqugmeran cn su ertc me iaroe neturem quc adste`umgze uneeutcntg`e cxprcsgn lcm ertc- umtgoe `ansc`ucn`ge lc tale `afng`gn ertstg`e.

    Mas ertgstes lc hay- oavglas cn tala cm ounla par me ogsoe `an`gcn`ge- hen pertg`gpela- cncm `eopa cspgrgtuem- cn me fucrre `antre me laogne`gn lcm gnlgvgluemgsoa- cm `eprg`ha.Pgopetgzen `an talas mas quc `aodetcn cspgrgtuem y oetcrgemocntc par me iaroe`gn lc une

    unglel gntcrne`ganem cn me Ygle- cn cm Ertc- cn me @umture. Cm rfena Lc Ptgkm- iunlela `an cstc prapsgta- sc csiucrze cn se`er e me muz me nucve

    `an`gcn`ge lc me vgle. Me `amedare`gn lc talas cs pasgdmc;a Cnvgenla e me rcle``gn- `aoa prucde lc eprade`gn- su naodrc- lgrc``gn y

    praicsgna He`gcnla une eparte`gn e me rcvgste `rgtg`e- igmasig`e- erqugtc`tng`e- `gcntig`e-

    mgtcrerge- ousg`em- ct`.... a oclgentc rcpralu``gancsa \relu`gcnla e tales mes mcnfues mes glces cnun`geles par Lc Ptgkm y lgiunlgnlames.$

    Cn cstc scntgla cntan`cs- y `anigroenla nucstre pasg`gn e`cr`e lcm `an`cpta imaka lcoalcrnglel cn Mc @ardusgcr- Pent&Cmge a mas Lc Ptgkm- y su copmca `aoa sgnngoa papumer- na

    hgstrg`a- lc `antcoparencglel (os par me `gr`unsten`ge tcoparem lc gng`gas lcm sgfma XX- `uenlataleve me `gcn`ge hgstrg`e na hede lgstgnfugla oalcrnglel y `antcoparencglel / sgn coderfa- yecn cm sgfma XGX- Kahn Tusjgn- tenta mas `gn`a vamocncs lc Oalcrn Regntcrs- pudmg`elas lc 58

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    23/378

    5892- `aoa cn me Mc``gn GGG- lele cn Dreliarl cn oerza lc 5837- y tgtumele $Oalcrn Oenuie`turcenl Lcsgfn$- lc \hc \wa Reths- scrgc lc `anicrcn`ges $sadrc cm ertc y sus epmg`e`gancs cn melc`are`gn y me oenuie`ture$ lc 5838/5837- `uenla hedme lc oalcrnglel rcogtc cxpm`gteocntc eeutarcs y ertgstes lc mas sgfmas XGY/XYGGG /'- pradedmcocntc cmOengigcsta @anstru`tgvgste cs cm os`arrc`ta em hedmer lc $Ertc lc me pa`e e`tuem$- lcigngla lcslc gng`gas lcm sgfma XX y susentc`clcntcs lc goanng`as (neturemgsoa y raoentg`gsoa- `aoa `arrgcntcs esa`geles lcm

    oetcrgemgsoa';

    $Cn cm tardcmmgna lc nucstras les e`tgvas- oes emm lc mes `cngzes y lc mes rugnes lcm pesela- entcmes `en`cmes lc un iutura ve`ua- nasatras pra`meoeoas entc vasatras- ertgstes- pgntarcs- cs`umtarcs-osg`as- e`tarcs y pactes- entc vasatras- pcrsanes pere mes quc cm Ertc na cs sama une ocre iucntclc `anvcrse`gn- sgna cm oenentgem ogsoa lc une rcem cxemte`gn- nucstre `anvg``gn y mas hc`has.

    Hey quc se`er em Ertc lcm `emmckn sgn semgle cn quc sc hemme lcslc he`c vcgntc eas.Cm prafrcsa lcm sedcr huoena `an su patcntc pcnctre`gn cn mes mcycs ogstcrgases lcm ounla-gng`gele e `aogcnzas lc cstc sgfma- cm imarc`gogcnta lc une nucve `umture y lc une nucve`gvgmgze`gn- `an un cx`cp`ganem (par prgocre vcz cn me hgstarge' oavgogcnta lc mes oeses

    papumercs he`ge me pascsgn lc mes rgquczes neturemcs- oavgogcnta quc edreze em pucdma cn

    cstrc`he ungn- y- par umtgoa- pcra na ocnas gopartentc- me fucrre y me rcvamu`gn (`arrgcntcspurgig`elares lc une cre iuture' nas he mmcvela e `ansglcrer mes nucves iaroes lc une vgle quc yemetc y e`te.@aoa `antrgduyc cm Ertc e me pa`e e`tuem lc me hgstarge lcm haodrc1Rascc mas oclgas nc`csergas pere ler vgle e un nucva Fren Cstgma1 A supanc e`esa quc menucve pa`e puclc e`afcr une nucve `rce`gn sadrc mas `gogcntas lc me entgfue1 E pcser lc mesgnsten`ges lcm csprgtu rcne`gcntc lc nucstra tgcopa- cm Ertc sc emgocnte lc goprcsgancs- lcepergcn`ge cxtcrgar- y vefe gopatcntc cntrc cm neturemgsoa y cm sgodamgsoa- cntrc cm raoentg`gsoa ycm ogstg`gsoa.$

    Es- em gfuem quc- `uenla sc hedme lc me erqugtc`ture lc Pent&Cmge sc hedme lc erqugtc`tureiuturgste- e pcser lc quc- cn su Oengigcsta- copmce cxpm`gteocntc- em gfuem quc Mc @ardusgcr- cm`an`cpta lc ertc y erqugtc`ture oalcrnes- lcdcoas prcicrgr- pere cvgter utgmgzer une tcrognamafe nacspc`ig`e- quc `rce gntgmocntc `aniusgn y sc apanc- na par rezancs lcoastredmcs- sgna par scfugrune pemedre copmcele `an pa`a sgstcoetg`glel tcrg`e y ngnfune prctcnsgn hgstarg`gste par unerqugtc`ta- na un hgstargelar- cstulgasa y etcnta e mas icnocnas `umturemcs y su su``csgn cn cmtgcopa- em copmca mc`ardusgena lc $erqugtc`ture oalcrne$- `uenla nas qucrcoas rcicrgr emoavgogcnta `rcela c gopumsela par m- e une tcrognamafe cspc`ig`e- `aoa erqugtc`ture lcm Csprgt

    Nauvceu y!a lc mas @GEO. Ma e quc nas gnlu`c teodgn me euta/`an`cp gn patg`e lc FugmmeuocEpammgnegrc- `uenla- rcicrgla teodgn e une hcrcn`ge lgc`ga`hcs`e- nas hedme- cn cm cxe`ta ogsoascntgla hgstrg`a quc Mc @ardusgcr rcspc`ta lc me erqugtc`ture- lc $M&Csprgt Nauvceu ct mcs Ratcs$

    lc 5756;$M&Csprgt Nauvceu qug laogncre mc oanlc cntgcr nc s&cst iegt kaur lens me pasgc nummc pert`aooc cn Iren`c. Me iartc lgs`gpmgnc gntcmmc`tucmmc quc sc sant gopasc lc taut tcops mcs Irenegsmcur pcroct- cux ct `cux qug mcur eppertgcnncnt spgrgtucmmcocnt- l&evagr unc `an`cptgan lc mevgc- lcs Erts ct lcs Mcttrcs qug- sens trc me sgopmc `anstetetgan lc m&Entgqugt- nc sagt pes nan pmusun pcnlent lu dceu l`ar raoentgquc.M&csprgt nauvceu qug s&ennan`c prtcnl event taut hrgtcr lcs `messgqucs un samglc dan scns- uncsprgt `rgtgquc essur- lcs vucs l&cnscodmc sur m&ungvcrs ct lens m&oc huoegnc- ct mc scns lu lcvagrqug lpaugmmc mcs scntgocnts ct cn mgogtc au pmutt cn `antgcnt mcs oengicstetgans.Gm prtcnl cn`arc hrgtcr lcs raoentgqucs unc `urgasgt qug mc paussc cxpmarcr taus mcs laoegncs

    praprcs iaurngr unc oetgrc mgttregrc qug pcrocttc l&cxemtcr me vgc saus qucmquc iaroc qu&cmmc scprscntc.

    40

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    24/378

    Cxpmarcr me vrgt- me `hcr`hcr- eussg dgcn lens mc laoegnc cthngquc- per cxcopmc- quc lens `cmuglc m&goefgnetgan- vagm mcs prgn`gpeux `ere`trcs lc `ct csprgt nauvceu.@cttc tcnlen`c lu rcstc e taukaurs cu scs rcprscntents eule`gcux qug m&gfnaregcnt: gm y e manftcopsqu&cmmc sc iaroc- qu&cmmc cst cn oer`hc.@cpcnlent- `&cst me prcogrc iags qu&cmmc sc prscntc `ans`gcntc l&cmmc/ooc. @&cst quc- kusqu&oegntcnent- mc laoegnc mgttregrc tegt `gr`ans`rgt lens l&tragtcs mgogtcs. An `rgvegt cn prasc au

    m&an `rgvegt cn vcrs. Cn `c qug `an`crnc me prasc- lcs rfmcs freooetg`emcs cn igxegcnt me iaroc.Raur `c qug cst lc me Rasgc- me vcrsgig`etgan rgoc cn tegt me mag ungquc- qug sudgssegt lcs esseutsprgalgqucs- oegs quc rgcn n&cnteoegt.Mc vcrs mgdrc lanne un mgdrc cssar eu myrgsoc: oegs gm n&tegt qu&unc tepc lcs cxpmaretgans qu&anpauvegt iegrc lens mc laoegnc lc me iaroc.Mcs rc`hcr`hcs lens me iaroc ant rcprgs lsaroegs unc frenlc goparten`c. Cmmc cst mfgtgoc.@aoocnt `cttc rc`hcr`hc n&gntrcsscregt/cmmc pes mc patc- cmmc qug pcut ltcrogncr lc nauvcmmcsl`auvcrtcs lens me pcnsc ct lens mc myrgsoc1M&essanen`c- m&emmgtretgan- eussg dgcn quc me rgoc sant lcs `anvcntgans qug `he`unc e scs orgtcs.Mcs ertgig`cs typafrephgqucs pausss trs magn evc` unc frenlc eule`c ant m&eventefc lc iegrcnetrc un myrgsoc vgsucm qug tegt prcsquc gn`annu event natrc paquc. @cs ertgig cs pcuvcnt emmcr

    trs magn cn`arc ct `ansaoocr me synthsc lcs erts- lc me ousgquc- lc me pcgnturc ct lc me mgttreturc.Gm n&y e m qu&unc rc`hcr`hc paur edautgr lc nauvcmmcs cxprcssgans periegtcocnt mfgtgocs.Uug ascregt lgrc quc mcs cxcr`g`cs lc rhtargquc- mcs vergetgans sur mc thoc lc; Kc ocurs lc sagieuprs lc me iantegnc n&ant pes cu unc gnimucn`c ltcrognentc sur mc fngc lc Ygmman1 Uug ascregtlgrc quc mcs rc`hcr`hcs lc iaroc lcs rhtargqucurs ct lc m&`amc oeratgquc n&ant pes scrvg purcrmc fat irenegs kusqu& se periegtc imaregsan lu XYGGoc sg`mc1Gm ct t trenfc qu& unc paquc a m&ert papumegrc per cx`cmmcn`c- mc `gncoe- cst un mgvrcl&goefcs- mcs patcs n&cusscnt pes cssey lc `aopascr lcs goefcs paur mcs csprgts olgtetgis ct pmusreiigns qug nc sc `antcntcnt pagnt lcs goefgnetgans frassgrcs lcs iedrg`ents lc igmos. @cux/ g screiigncrant- ct m&an pcut prvagr mc kaur a mc phanafrephc ct mc `gnoe tent lcvcnus mcs scumcs

    iarocs l&goprcssgan cn usefc- mcs patcs eurant unc mgdcrt gn`annuc kusqu& prscnt.Uu&an nc s&tannc pagnt sg- evc` mcs scums oaycns lant gms lgspascnt cn`arc- gms s&ciiar`cnt lc sc

    prpercr `ct ert nauvceu (pmus vestc quc m&ert sgopmc lcs peramcs' a- `hcis l&un ar`hcstrc l&unctcnluc gnauc- gms eurant mcur lgspasgtgan; mc oanlc cntgcr- scs ruocurs ct scs eppercn`cs- me

    pcnsc ct mc menfefc huoegn- mc `hent- me lensc- taus mcs erts ct taus mcs ertgig`cs- pmus lc ogrefcscn`arc quc `cux quc pauvegt iegrc surfgr Oarfenc sur mc Oant Fgdcm paur `aopascr mc mgvrc vu ctcntcnlu lc m&evcngr.Oegs fnremcocnt vaus nc trauvcrcz pes cn Iren`c lc `cs $peramcs cn mgdcrt$ kusqu&a ant tpausscs mcs surcn`hrcs iuturgstcs- gtemgcnnc ct russc- igmmcs cx`cssgvcs lc m&csprgt nauvceu- `er meIren`c rpufnc eu lsarlrc. An y rcvgcnt vamantgcrs eux prgn`gpcs- oegs an e harrcur lu `heas.Naus pauvans lan` csprcr- paur `c qug `anstgtuc me oetgrc ct mcs oaycns lc m&ert- unc mgdcrt

    l&unc apumcn`c- gngoefgnedmc. Mcs patcs iant eukaurl&hug m&epprcntgssefc lc `cttc mgdcrtcn`y`maplgquc. Lens mc laoegnc lc m&gnspgretgan- mcur mgdcrt nc pcut pes trc oagns frenlc quc`cmmc l&un kaurnem quatglgcn qug tregtc lens unc scumc icugmmc lcs oetgrcs mcs pmus lgvcrscs- per`aurtlcs peys mcs pmus magfns. An sc lcoenlc paurquag mc patc n&euregt pes unc mgdcrt eu oagnsfemc ct scregt tcnu- unc paquc lc tmphanc- lc tmfrephgc sens igm ct l&evgetgan pmus lc`gr`anspc`tgan vgs//vgs lcs cspe`cs.Me repglgt ct me sgopmg`gt evc` mcsqucmmcs mcs csprgts sc sant e``autuos lsgfncr l&un scum oatlcs trcs eussg `aopmcxcs qu&unc iaumc- qu&unc netgan- quc m&ungvcrs n&evegcnt pes mcur pcnlentoalcrnc lens me pasgc. Mcs patcs `aodmcnt `cttc me`unc ct mcurs paocs synthtgqucs `rcnt lcnauvcmmcs cntgts qug ant unc vemcur pmestgquc eussg `aopasc quc lcs tcrocs `ammc`tgis.M&haooc s&cst ieogmgergs evc` `cs trcs iarogledmcs quc sant mcs oe`hgncs- gm e cxpmar mc laoegnc

    lcs gnigngocnt pctgts- ct lc nauvceux laoegncs s&auvrcnt m&e`tgvgt lc san goefgnetgan; `cmug lcm&gnigocnt frenl ct `cmug lc me praphtgc.

    4

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    25/378

    Nc `raycz pes tautciags quc `ct csprgt nauvceu sagt `aopmgqu- menfugssent- ie`tg`c ct fme`. Pugventm&arlrc ooc lc me neturc- mc patc s&cst lderress lc taut prapas eopaum. Gm n&y e pmus lcwefnrgsoc cn naus ct mcs kcuncs eutcurs ant rckct magn l&cux tautc me liraquc cn`hentc luraoentgsoc `amassem lc m&Emmcoefnc lc Vefncr- eutent quc mcs argpceux efrcstcs lc `cmug quc nausevegt vemu Kcen/Ke`qucs Taussceu.Kc nc `rags pes quc mcs vncocnts sa`geux egmmcnt sg magn un kaur qu&an nc pugssc pmus permcr lc

    mgttreturc netganemc. Eu `antregrc- sg magn qu&an egmmc lens me vagc lcs mgdcrts- `cmmcs/`g nc icrantquc rcniar`cr me pmupert lcs en`gcnncs lgs`gpmgncs ct gm cn surfgre lc nauvcmmcs qug n&eurant pesoagns l&cxgfcn`cs quc mcs en`gcnncs. @&cst paurquag kc pcnsc quc- quag qu&gm errgvc- m&ert- lc pmus cn

    pmus- eure unc petrgc. L&egmmcurs- mcs patcs sant taukaurs m&cxprcssgan l&un ogmgcu- l&unc netgan- ctmcs ertgstcs- `aooc mcs patcs- `aooc mcs phgmasaphcs- iarocnt un ianls sa`gem qug eppertgcnt senslautc m&huoengt- oegs `aooc tent m&cxprcssgan l&unc re`c- l&un ogmgcu lann.M&ert nc `csscre l&trc netganem quc mc kaur a m&ungvcrs cntgcr vgvent saus un ooc `mgoet- lens lcslcocurcs dtgcs sur mc ooc oalmc- permcre me ooc menfuc evc` mc ooc e``cnt- `&cst//lgrc

    keoegs. Lcs lgiircn`cs cthngqucs ct netganemcs net me vergt lcs cxprcssgans mgttregrcs- ct `&cst`cttc ooc vergt qu&gm ieut seuvcferlcr.Snc cxprcssgan myrgquc `asoapamgtc nc lanncregt quc lcs acuvrcs vefucs sens e``cnt ct sens

    `herpcntc- qug euregcnt 5e vemcur lcs mgcux `aoouns lc me rhtargquc permcocntegrc gntcrnetganemc.Ct rcoerqucz quc mc `gnoe- qug cst m&ert `asoapamgtc per cx`cmmcn`c- prscntc lk lcs lgiircn`cscthngqucs goolgetcocnt lgsscodmedmcs taut mc oanlc- ct mcs hedgtus lc m&`ren iantgoolgetcocnt me lgiircn`c l&un igmo eorg`egn ct l&un igmo gtemgcn. Lc ooc m&csprgt nauvceu- quge m&eodgtgan lc oerqucr m&csprgt ungvcrscm ct qug n&cntcnl pes mgogtcr san e`tgvgt `c`g au `cme-n&cn n&cst pes oagns- ct prtcnl mc rcspc`tcr- unc cxprcssgan pertg`umgrc ct myrgquc lc me netgan

    irenegsc- lc ooc quc m&csprgt `messgquc cst- per cx`cmmcn`c- unc cxprcssgan sudmgoc lc me oocnetgan.Gm nc ieut pes audmgcr qu&gm cst pcut/trc pmus lenfcrcux paur unc netgan lc sc megsscr `anqurgrgntcmmc`tucmmcocnt quc per mcs erocs. @&cst paurquag m&csprgt nauvceu sc r`meoc event taut lcm&arlrc ct lu lcvagr qug sant mcs frenlcs quemgts `messgqucs per quag sc oengicstc mc pmus heutcocntm&csprgt irenegs- ct gm mcur elkagnt me mgdcrt. @cttc mgdcrt ct `ct arlrc qug sc `anianlcnt lens m&csprgtnauvceu sant se `ere`trgstgquc ct se iar`c.@cpcnlent `cttc synthsc lcs erts- qug s&cst `ansaooc lc natrc tcops- nc lagt pes lfnrcr cnunc `aniusgan. @&cst//lgrc qu&gm scregt sgnan lenfcrcux lu oagns edsurlc- per cxcopmc- lc rlugrcme pasgc unc sartc l&heroangc gogtetgvc qug n&euregt ooc pes paur cx`usc l&trc cxe`tc.An goefgnc iart dgcn quc m&heroangc gogtetgvc pugssc kaucr un rmc- oegs cmmc nc seuregt trc me descquc l&un ert a mcs oe`hgncs gntcrvgcnlregcnt: per cxcopmc- unc paoc au unc syophangc `aopasseu phanafrephc paurregcnt iart dgcn `ansgstcr cn drugts ertgstcocnt `hagsgs ct myrgqucocnt oms au

    kuxtepass- tenlgs quc paur oe pert- kc `anags oem quc m&an iessc `ansgstcr taut sgopmcocnt unpaoc lens m&gogtetgan l&un drugt euqucm eu`un scns myrgquc- trefgquc au pethtgquc nc pcut trc

    ette`h. Ct sg qucmqucs patcs sc mgvrcnt `c kcu- gm nc ieut y vagr qu&un cxcr`g`c- unc sartc lc`raqugs lcs natcs qu&gms gnsrcrant lens unc acuvrc. Mc $drjj jaex$ lcs Frcnaugmmcsl&Ergstaphenc n&cst rgcn sg an mc sperc l&unc acuvrc a gm prcnl taut san scns `aogquc ct setgrgquc.

    Mcs g g g g pramanfs- lurent tautc unc mgfnc- lc m&agsceu lc Iren`gs Keoocs sant l&unc pgtrcheroangc gogtetgvc sg an mcs lte`hc l&un paoc lant gms pr`gscnt tautc me ientegsgc.Uuenl un patc oalcrnc natc gm pmusgcurs vagx mc vraodgsscocnt l&un evgan- gm ieut y vagr eventtaut mc lsgr lu patc l&hedgtucr san csprgt me remgt. Pe pessgan lc me vrgt mc paussc prcnlrclcs natcs prcsquc s`gcntgigqucs qug- s&gm vcut mcs prscntcr `aooc paocs- ant mc tart l&trc pauregnsg lgrc lcs traopc/arcgmmcs euxqucms me remgt scre taukaurs suprgcurc.Eu `antregrc- s&gm vcut per cxcopmc eopmgigcr m&ert lc me lensc ct tcntcr unc `harfrephgc lant mcsdemelgns nc sc darncregcnt pagnt eux cntrc`hets- oegs pausscregcnt cn`arc lcs `rgs rcssartgssent

    m&heroangc l&unc gogtetgvc nauvceut- `&cst m unc rc`hcr`hc qug n&e rgcn l&edsurlc- lant mcs saur`cspapumegrcs sc rctrauvcnt `hcz taus mcs pcupmcs a mcs lenscs fucrrgrcs- per cxcopmc- sant prcsquctaukaurs efrocntcs lc `rgs seuvefcs.

    43

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    26/378

    Raur rcvcngr eu sau`g lc vrgtc- lc vregscodmen`c qug laognc tautcs mcs rc`hcr`hcs- tautcs mcstcntetgvcs- taus mcs cssegs lc m&csprgt nauvceu- gm ieut ekautcr qu&gm n&y e pes mgcu lc s&tanncr sg un`crtegn naodrc ct ooc dceu`aup l&cntrc cux rcstegcnt oaocntenocnt strgmcs ct saodregcntooc lens mc rglg`umc. M&csprgt nauvceu cst pmcgn lc lenfcrs- pmcgn l&cod`hcs.\aut `cme rcssartgt paurtent m&csprgt l&eukaurl&hug ct `anleoncr cn dma` `cs tcntetgvcs- `cs cssegs-

    scregt iegrc unc crrcur lens mc fcnrc lc `cmmc qu& tart au regsan an ettrgduc O. \hgcrs- qug

    euregt l`mer quc mcs `hcogns lc icr n&tegcnt qu&un kcu s`gcntgigquc ct quc mc oanlc nc paurregtpralugrc esscz lc icr paur `anstrugrc lcs regms lc Rergs Oerscgmmc.M&csprgt nauvceu eloct lan` mcs cxprgcn`cs mgttregrcs ooc heserlcuscs- ct `cs cxprgcn`cs santperiags pcu myrgqucs. @&cst paurquag mc myrgsoc n&cst qu&un laoegnc lc m&csprgt nauvceu lens mepasgc l&eukaurl&hug- qug sc `antcntc sauvcnt lc rc`hcr`hcs- l&gnvcstgfetgans- sens sc pra``upcr lcmcur lanncr lc sgfngig`etgan myrgquc. @c sant lcs oetrgeux qu&eoessc mc patc- qu&eoessc m&csprgtnauvceu- ct `cs oetrgeux iarocrant un ianl lc vrgt lant me sgopmg`gt- me oalcstgc nc lagt pagntrcdutcr- `er mcs `ansqucn`cs- mcs rsumtets pcuvcnt trc lc frenlcs- lc dgcn frenlcs `hascs.Rmus terl- `cux qug tulgcrant m&hgstagrc mgttregrc lc natrc tcops s&tanncrant quc- scodmedmcs euxem`hgogstcs- lcs rvcurs- lcs patcs egcnt pu- sens ooc mc prtcxtc l&unc pgcrrc phgmasaphemc-

    s&elanncr lcs rc`hcr`hcs- lcs natetgans qug mcs octtegcnt cn duttc eux regmmcrgcs lc mcurs

    `antcoparegns- lcs kaurnemgstcs ct lcs snads.Oegs mcurs rc`hcr`hcs scrant utgmcs: cmmcs `anstgtucrant mcs descs l&un nauvceu remgsoc qug nc screpcut/trc pes gnirgcur `cmug sg patgquc ct sg sevent lc me Fr`c entgquc.Naus evans vu eussg lcpugs Emircl Kerry mc rgrc s&mcvcr lcs desscs rfgans a gm sc tarlegt ctiaurngr eu patc un myrgsoc taut ncui. A cst mc tcops a mc oau`hagr lc Lcsloanc peregssegt l&unrglg`umc gnelogssgdmc1 Eukaurl&hug- mc rglg`umc ooc cst paursugvg- an `hcr`hc s&cn copercr ct gme se pme`c lens me pasgc- per`c qu&gm iegt pertgc lc me vgc eu ooc tgtrc quc m&hrasoc ct taut `c qugnaurrgssegt kelgs m&cnthausgesoc lcs patcs.Mcs raoentgqucs ant cssey lc lanncr eux `hascs l&eppercn`c frassgrc un scns harrgdmc autrefgquc. Raur ogcux lgrc- gms n&ant trevegmm qu&cn ievcur lc m&harrgdmc. Gms ant vaumu e``mgoetcrm&harrcur dgcn pmus quc me omen`amgc. M&csprgt nauvceu nc `hcr`hc pes trensiarocr mc rglg`umc- gmmug `anscrvc un rmc qug n&cst pes sens sevcur. Lc ooc- gm nc vcut pes lanncr m&harrgdmc mc scnslu nadmc. Gm mc megssc harrgdmc ct n&edegssc pes mc nadmc. @c n&cst pes un ert l`aretgi- `c n&cst pesnan pmus un ert goprcssganngstc. Gm cst taut tulc lc me neturc cxtrgcurc ct gntrgcurc- gm cst tauterlcur paur me vrgt.Ooc s&gm cst vreg qu&gm ny e rgcn lc nauvceu saus mc samcgm- gm nc `anscnt pagnt nc pes eppraianlgrtaut `c qug n&cst pes nauvceu saus mc samcgm. Mc dan scns cst san fuglc ct `c fuglc mc `anlugt cn lcs`agns sgnan nauvceux- lu oagns gn`annus.Oegs n&y e/t/gm rgcn lc nauvceu saus mc samcgm1 Gm ieulregt vagr.Uuag% an e relgafrephg oe ttc. K&eg vu- oag vgvent- oan `rnc- ct `cme nc scregt cn rgcn lc menauvceut1 E l&eutrcs%

    Pemaoan permegt sens lautc paur me rcgnc lc Pede- ct gm egoegt tent me nauvceut quc scs `an`udgncstegcnt gnnaodredmcs.Mcs egrs sc pcupmcnt l&agsceux ctrenfcocnt huoegns. Lcs oe`hgncs- igmmcs lc m&haooc ct qug n&antpes lc orc- vgvcnt unc vgc lant mcs pessgans ct mcs scntgocnts sant edscnts- ct `cme nc scregt pagntnauvceu%Mcs sevents s`rutcnt sens `cssc lc nauvceux ungvcrs qug sc l`auvrcnt `hequc `errciaur lc meoetgrc- ct gm n&y euregt rgcn lc nauvceu saus mc samcgm. Raur mc samcgm- pcut/trc. Oegs paur mcshaoocs%Gm y e ogmmc ct ogmmc `aodgnegsans neturcmmcs qug n&ant keoegs t `aopascs. Gms mcs goefgncnt ct mcsoncnt dgcn- `aopasent egnsg evc` me neturc `ct ert suproc qu&cst me vgc. @c sant `cs nauvcmmcs`aodgnegsans- `cs nauvcmmc acuvrcs lc m&ert lc vgc- quc m&an eppcmmc mc prafrs. Cn `c scns- gm cxgstc.

    Oegs sg an mc iegt `ansgstcr lens un tcrncm lcvcngr- lens unc sartc lc ocssgengsoc- eussgpauventedmc quc `cs iedmcs lc \entemc- lc Pgsyphc ct lc Lenelc- emars Pemaoan e regsan `antrcmcs praphtcs l&Gsrem.

    49

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    27/378

    Oegs mc nauvceu cxgstc dgcn- sens trc cn prafrs. Gm cst taut lens me surprgsc. M&csprgt nauvceu cstfemcocnt lens me surprgsc. @&cst `c qu&gm y e cn mug lc pmus vgvent- lc pmus ncui. Me surprgsc cst mc

    frenl rcssart nauvceu. @&cst per me surprgsc- per me pme`c gopartentc qu&gm iegt me surprgsc qucm&csprgt nauvceu sc lgstgnfuc lc taus mcs oauvcocnts ertgstgqucs ct mgttregrcs qug m&ant pr`l.G`g- gm sc lte`hc lc taus ct n&eppertgcnt pmus qu&e natrc tcops.Naus m&evans tedmg sur mcs samglcs descs lu dan scns ct lc m&cxprgcn`c- qug naus ant eocns

    n&e``cptcr mcs `hascs ct mcs scntgocnts quc scman me vrgt- ct `&cst scman me vrgt quc naus mcselocttans- nc `hcr`hent pagnt rcnlrc sudmgoc `c qug neturcmmcocnt cst rglg umc aur`gpraqucocnt. Ct lc `cs vrgts gm rsumtc mc pmus sauvcnt me surprgsc- pugsqu&cmmcs vant `antrcm&apgngan `aoounocnt elogsc. Dceu`aup lc `cs vrgts n&evegcnt pes t cxeogncs. Gm suiigt lcmcs lvagmcr paur `euscr unc surprgsc.An pcut femcocnt cxprgocr unc vrgt suppasc qug `eusc me surprgsc- per`c qu&an n&evegt pagntcn`arc as me prscntcr. Oegs unc vrgt suppasc n&e pagnt `antrc cmmc mc dan scns- sens quag cmmcnc scregt pmus me vrgt- ooc suppasc. @&cst egnsg quc k&goefgnc quc- mcs icoocs nc iegsent pagntl&cnients- mcs haoocs paurregcnt cn iegrc ct quc kc mc oantrc- k&cxprgoc unc vrgt mgttregrc qug nc

    paurre trc quemgigc lc iedmc quc hars lc me mgttreturc- ct kc ltcrognc me surprgsc. Oegs oe vrgtsuppasc n&cst pes pmus cxtrearlgnegrc- ng pmus gnvregscodmedmc quc `cmmcs lcs Frc`s- qug

    oantregcnt Ogncrvc sartent eroc lc me ttc lc Kupgtcr.\ent quc mcs evgans nc pcupmegcnt pes mc `gcm- me iedmc l&G`erc n&tegt qu&unc vrgt suppasc.

    Eukaurl&hug `c n&cst pmus unc iedmc. Ct nas gnvcntcurs naus ant e``autuos lcs pralgfcs pmusfrenls quc `cmug qug `ansgstcregt lmfucr eux haoocs me ian`tgan qu&ant mcs icoocs lc iegrc lcscnients. Kc lgreg pmus- mcs iedmcs s&tent paur me pmupert remgscs ct eu lcm `&cst eu patc l&cngoefgncr lc nauvcmmcs quc mcs gnvcntcurs pugsscnt mcur taur remgscr.M&csprgt nauvceu cxgfc qu&an sc lannc lc `cs t`hcs praphtgqucs. @&cst paurquag vaus trauvcrcztre`c lc praphtgc lens me pmupert lcs auvrefcs `anus l&eprs m&csprgt nauvceu. Mcs kcux lgvgns lcme vgc ct lc m&goefgnetgan lanncnt `errgrc unc e`tgvgt patgquc tautc nauvcmmc.@&cst quc pasgc ct `retgan nc sant qu&unc ooc `hasc: an nc lagt eppcmcr patc quc `cmug quggnvcntc- `cmug qug `rc- lens me ocsurc a m&haooc pcut `rcr. Mc patc cst `cmug qug l`auvrc lcnauvcmmcs kagcs- iusscnt/cmmcs pngdmcs suppartcr. An pcut trc patc lens taus mcs laoegncs; gm

    suiigt quc m&an sagt evcnturcux ct quc m&an egmmc me l`auvcrtc.Mc laoegnc mc pmus rg`hc- mc oagns `annu- `cmug lant m&tcnluc cst gnigngc- tent m&goefgnetgan- gmn&cst pes tannent quc m&an egt rscrv pmus pertg`umgrcocnt mc nao lc patc `cux qug `hcr`hcntmcs kagcs nauvcmmcs qug kemanncnt mcs narocs cspe`cs goefgnetgis.Mc oagnlrc iegt cst paur mc patc mc pastumet- mc pagnt lc lpert l&unc goocnsgt gn`annuc aimeodcnt mcs icux lc kagc lcs sgfngig`etgans oumtgpmcs.Gm n&cst pes dcsagn paur pertgr me l`auvcrtc lc `hagsgr frenl rcniart lc rfmcs- ooc lg`tcsper mc fat- un iegt `mess `aooc sudmgoc. An pcut pertgr l&un iegt quatglgcn; un oau`hagr qugtaodc pcut trc paur mc patc mc mcvgcr evc` mcqucm gm saumvcre taut un ungvcrs. An segt `c quc me

    `hutc l&unc paooc vuc per Ncwtan iut paur `c sevent quc m&an pcut eppcmcr un patc. @&cstpaurquag mc patc l&eukaurl&hug nc oprgsc eu`un oauvcocnt lc me neturc- ct san csprgt paursugt mel`auvcrtc eussg dgcn lens mcs synthscs mcs pmus vestcs ct mcs pmus gnsegsgssedmcs; iaumcs-ndumcuscs- a`ens- netgans- quc lens mcs iegts cn eppercn`c mcs pmus sgopmcs; unc oegn qug iaugmmcunc pa`hc- unc emmuocttc qug s&emmuoc per mc irattcocnt- lcs `rgs l&engoeux- m&alcur lcs kerlgnseprs me pmugc- unc imeooc qug net lens un iaycr. Mcs patcs nc sant pes scumcocnt mcs haoocs ludceu. Gms sant cn`arc ct surtaut mcs haoocs lu vreg- cn tent qu&gm pcroct lc pntrcr lens m&gn`annu-

    sg dgcn quc me surprgsc- G&gnettcnlu- cst un lcs prgn`gpeux rcssarts lc me pasgc l&eukaurl&hug. Ct qugascregt lgrc quc- paur `cux qug sant lgfncs lc me kagc- `c qug cst nauvceu nc sagt pes dceu1 Mcseutrcs sc `herfcrant vgtc l&evgmgr `cttc nauvceut sudmgoc- eprs quag cmmc paurre cntrcr lens mclaoegnc lc me regsan- oegs scumcocnt lens mcs mgogtcs a mc patc- scum lgspcnsetcur lu dceu ct lu

    vreg- cn eure iegt me prapasgtgan.Mc patc- per me neturc ooc lc `cs cxpmaretgans- cst gsam lens mc oanlc nauvceu a gm cntrc mcprcogcr- ct me scumc `ansametgan qu&gm mug rcstc `&cst quc mcs haoocs- ignemcocnt- nc vgvent quc lc

    46

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    28/378

    vrgts- oemfr mcs ocnsanfcs lant gms mcs oetcmesscnt- gm sc trauvc quc mc patc scum naurrgt me vgca m&huoengt trauvc `cttc vrgt. @&cst paurquag mcs patcs oalcrncs sant event taut mcs patcs lcme vrgt taukaurs nauvcmmc. Ct mcur t`hc cst gnigngc: gms vaus ant surprgs ct vans surprcnlrant pmuscn`arc. Gms goefgncnt lk lc pmus praianls lcsscgns quc `cux qug oe`hgevmgqucocnt ant iegt netrcmc sgfnc utgmc ct pauventedmc lc m&erfcnt.@cux qug ant goefgn me iedmc l&G`erc- sg ocrvcgmmcuscocnt remgsc eukaurl&hug- cn trauvcrant

    l&eutrcs. Gms vaus cntrencrant taut vgvents ct vcgmms lens mc oanlc na`turnc ct icro lcs sanfcs.Lens mcs ungvcrs qug pempgtcnt gnciiedmcocnt eu/lcssus lc nas ttcs. Lens `cs ungvcrs pmus pra`hcsct pmus magntegns lc naus qug frevgtcnt eu ooc pagnt lc m&gnigng quc `cmug quc naus partans cn naus.

    Ct pmus lc ocrvcgmmcs quc `cmmcs qug sant ncs lcpugs me negssen`c lcs pmus en`gcns l&cntrc naus-icrant pmgr ct peretrc purgmcs mcs gnvcntgans `antcoparegncs lant naus saoocs sg igcrs.Mcs patcs cnign scrant `herfs lc lanncr per mcs tmamafgcs myrgqucs ct mcs em`hgogcs er`hgmyrgqucsun scns taukaurs pmus pur m&glc lgvgnc- qug cst cn naus sg vgventc ct sg vregc- qug cst `c pcrptucmrcnauvcmmcocnt lc naus/oocs- `cttc `retgan tcrncmmc- `cttc pasgc sens `cssc rcnegssentc lantnaus vgvans.L&eprs `c quc m&an pcut sevagr- gm n&y e furc lc patcs eukaurl&hug quc lc menfuc irenegsc.\autcs mcs eutrcs menfucs scodmcnt iegrc sgmcn`c paur quc m&ungvcrs pugssc ogcux `autcr me vagx lcs

    nauvceux patcs irenegs.Mc oanlc cntgcr rcferlc vcrs `cttc muogrc- qug scumc `megrc me nugt qug naus cntaurc.G`g `cpcnlent `cs vagx qug s&mvcnt sc iant pcgnc cntcnlrc.Mcs patcs oalcrncs sant lan` lcs `retcurs- lcs gnvcntcurs ct lcs praphtcs: gms lcoenlcnt qu&ancxeognc `c qu&gms lgscnt paur mc pmus frenl dgcn lc me `ammc`tgvgt mequcmmc gms eppertgcnncnt. Gms sctaurncnt vcrs Rmetan ct mc suppmgcnt- s&gm mcs denngt lc me Tpudmgquc- l&eu oagns mcs cntcnlrceuperevent.Me Iren`c- ltcntrg`c lc taut mc sc`rct lc me `gvgmgsetgan- sc`rct qug n&cst sc`rct qu& `eusc lcm&gopcric`tgan lc `cux qug s&ciiar`cnt lc me lcvgncr- cst lc `c iegt lcvcnuc paur me pmus frenlc

    pertgc lu oanlc un sognegrc lc patcs ct l&ertgstcs- qug eufocntcnt `hequc kaur mc petrgoagnc lcse `gvgmgsetgan.Ct- per me vrgt ct per me kagc qu&gms rpenlcnt- gms rcnlcnt `cttc `gvgmgsetgan- sgnan essgogmedmc qucmquc netgan quc `c sagt- lu oagns suprococnt efredmc tautcs.Mcs Irenegs partcnt me pasgc taus mcs pcupmcs.Cn Gtemgc- a m&cxcopmc lc me pasgc irenegsc e lann m&cssar unc kcunc `amc netganemc supcrdcl&eule`c ct lc petrgatgsoc.Cn Enfmctcrrc- lant mc myrgsoc s&tegt eiielg ct paur egnsg lgrc pugs.Cn Cspefnc ct surtaut lens me @etemafnc- a tautc unc kcuncssc erlcntc- qug e lk pralugt lcspcgntrcs qug hanarcnt mcs lcux netgans- sugt evc` ettcntgan mcs pralu`tgans lc nas patcs.Cn Tussgc- a m&gogtetgan lu myrgsoc irenegs periags lann mgcu me surcn`hrc- `c qugn&tanncre pcrsannc.

    E m&Eorgquc metgnc- a mcs kcuncs patcs `aoocntcnt evc` pessgan mcurs lcven`gcrs irenegs.E m&Eorgquc lu Narl- mequcmmc- cn rc`annegssen`c l&Clferl Rac ct lc Vemt Vhgtoen- lcsogssgannegrcs irenegs eppartcnt pcnlent me fucrrc m&mocnt i`anletcur lcstgn eocncr unc

    pralu`tgan nauvcmmc lant naus n&evans pes cn`arc glc- oegs qug sens lautc nc scre pes gnirgcurc `cs frenls pganngcrs lc me pasgc.Me Iren`c cst pmcgnc l&`amcs a sc ferlc ct sc trensoct mc myrgsoc- lc fraupcocnts a s&epprcnlm&eule`c: `cpcnlent unc rcoerquc s&gopasc; unc pasgc sc lagt taut l&edarl eu pcupmc lens memenfuc luqucm cmmc s&cxprgoc.Mcs `amcs patgqucs- event lc sc kctcr lens mcs hraqucs evcnturcs lcs epastamets magntegns-lagvcnt aprcr- essurcr- pr`gscr- eufocntcr- gooartemgscr- `hentcr me frenlcur lu peys qug mcur elann negssen`c- lu peys qug mcs e naurrgcs ct mcs e iarocs- paur egnsg lgrc- lc `c qu&gm y e lc pmus

    segn- lc pmus pur ct lc ocgmmcur lens san senf ct lens se sudsten`c.Me pasgc irenegsc oalcrnc e/t/cmmc iegt paur me Iren`c taut `c qu&cmmc paurregt iegrc1E/t/cmmc lu oagns t taukaurs- cn Iren`c- eussg e`tgvc- eussg zmc qu&cmmc m&e t egmmcurs1

    48

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    29/378

    @cs qucstgans- m&hgstagrc mgttregrc `antcoparegnc suiigt mcs suffrcr- ct paur mcs rsaulrc gmieulregt pauvagr supputcr taut `c quc m&csprgt nauvceu partc cn mug lc netganem ct lc i`anl.M&csprgt nauvceu cst event taut cnncog lc m&csthtgsoc- lcs iaroumcs ct lc taut snadgsoc. Gm nc muttcpagnt `antrc qucmquc `amc quc `c sagt- `er gm nc vcut pes trc unc `amc- oegs un lcs frenls`aurents lc me mgttreturc cnfmadent tautcs mcs `amcs- lcpugs mc syodamgsoc ct mc neturgsoc. Gm muttc

    paur mc rtedmgsscocnt lc m&csprgt l&gngtgetgvc- paur me `megrc `aoprhcnsgan lc san tcops ct paur

    auvrgr lcs vucs nauvcmmcs sur m&ungvcrs cxtrgcur ct gntrgcur qug nc sagcnt pagnt gnirgcurcs `cmmcsquc mcs sevents lc tautcs `etfargcs l`auvrcnt `hequc kaur ct lant gms tgrcnt lcs ocrvcgmmcs.Mcs ocrvcgmmcs naus gopascnt mc lcvagr lc nc pes megsscr m&goefgnetgan ct me sudtgmgt patgquclcrrgrc `cmmc lcs ertgsens qug eomgarcnt unc oe`hgnc. Lk- me menfuc s`gcntgigquc cst cnlse``arl praianl evc` `cmmc lcs patcs.@&cst un tet lc `hascs gnsuppartedmc. Mcs oethoetg`gcns ant mc lragt lc lgrc quc mcurs rvcs- mcurs

    pra``upetgans lpesscnt sauvcnt lc `cnt `aulcs mcs goefgnetgans reopentcs lcs patcs. @&csteux patcs l`glcr s&gms nc vcumcnt pagnt cntrcr rsamuocnt lens m&csprgt nauvceu- hars luqucm gmnc rcstc l&auvcrtcs quc trags partcs; `cmmc lcs pestg`hcs- `cmmc lc me setgrc ct `cmmc lc me meocntetgan-

    sg sudmgoc sagt/cmmc.Rcut/an iar`cr me pasgc sc `entanncr hars lc `c qug m&cntaurc- o`annetrc me oefngigquc

    cxudren`c lc vgc quc mcs haoocs per mcur e`tgvgt ekautcnt me neturc ct qug pcroct lc oe`hgncrmc oanlc lc me iean me pmus gn`rayedmc1M&csprgt nauvceu cst `cmug lu tcops ooc a naus vgvans. Sn tcops icrtgmc cn surprgscs. Mcs patcsvcumcnt laoptcr me praphtgc- `cttc erlcntc `evemc quc m&an n&e keoegs oetrgsc.Gms vcumcnt cnign- un kaur- oe`hgncr me pacsgc `aooc an e oe`hgn mc oanlc. Gms vcumcnt trc mcsprcogcrs iaurngr un myrgsoc taut ncui `cs nauvceux oaycns l&cxprcssgan qug ekautcnt m&ert mcoauvcocnt ct qug sant 5c phanafrephc ct mc `gnoe. Gms n&cn sant cn`arc qu& me prgalc lcsgn`unedmcs. Oegs ettcnlcz- mcs pralgfcs permcrant l&cux/oocs ct m&csprgt nauvceu- qug fanimc lc vgcm&ungvcrs- sc oengicstcre iarogledmcocnt lens mcs mcttrcs- lens mcs erts ct lens tautcs mcs `hascs qucm&an `annegssc.$

    Cm ogsoa Epammgnegrc- quc cn cm sgfugcntc tcxta teodgn nas gniaroe sadrc cm pepcm lc meiatafreie cn cm edenlana lc me igfure`gn cn cm ertc `antcoparnca- y sadrc cm gntcrs csttg`a lcm`udgsoa (cmcocnta quc- rc`arlel- e oencre lc `rtg`e- par cmOengigcsta @anstru`tgvgste- nas scr lcepaya cn nucstra pastcrgar enmgsgs lc mas prgn`gpgas iaroemcs lcm iun`ganemgsoa'- sgcnla pr`cr lcme epcme`gn $ertc oalcrna$- cn cmOengigcsta @udgste gn`mugla cn su mgdraOlgtetgans csthtgqucs /

    Mcs pcgntrcs `udgstcs lc 5750- nas rcvcme- par me sgstcotg`e `aopere`gn cntrc mes las pa`es- quccm `an`cpta lc oalcrnglel pravgcnc- `aoa hcoas lg`ha- cn talas mas eutarcs `gtelas- lc un

    pcnseogcnta lcpcnlgcntc lcm Tcne`gogcnta- y lc une `aopere`gn cntrc ma oalcrna `aoa ma lchay y ma entgfua sgcnla cm oalcma frc`a/raoena `antrepucsta. Lc hc`ha- me gnlc`gsgn cntrc mas`an`cptas lc $ertc oalcrna$ y $ertc `antcoparnca$- cstc mtgoa rccopmezenla cn me mtgoe mnce

    lcm Oengigcsta @udgste cm entcrgar y rcpctgtgva `an`cpta lc $ertc oalcrna$- nas iartemc`c taleveos cn ma entcs `rgtg`ela sadrc me lcigng gn lc ma $oalcrna$ tretnlasc lc adres lc me`antcoparencglel (y cmma esuogcnla- `aoa ye lg`ha- me lcdgmglel rcicrcn`gem mgnfstg`e lc me glcelc `antcoparencglel- y su glcntglel `an me glce lc oalcrnglel';

    $Me pgnture `udgsteG

    Mes vgrtulcs pmstg`es; me purcze- me unglel y me vcrlel tgcncn deka sg e me neturemcze laoele.Gntgmocntc sc `udrc cm er`a grgs- mes cste`gancs tgcodmen- mes ou`hcluodrcs `arrcn he`ge meoucrtc- me `gcn`ge lcshe`c y rc`aopanc ma quc cxgstc- mas ounlas sc emcken pere sgcoprc lcnucstre `an`cp`gn- nucstres iufe`cs gofcncs sc rcpgtcn a rcsu`gten su gn`ans`gcn`ge y mas

    `amarcs- mas amarcs- mas ruoarcs quc goprcsganen nucstras scntglas nas sarprcnlcn- perelcseperc`cr lcspus cn me neturemcze.Cstc icnocna lc dcmmcze na cs ctcrna. Pedcoas quc nucstracsprgtu na tuva prgn`gpga y quc nun`e `csere- pcra- entc tala- nas iaroeoas cm `an`cpta lc me

    47

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    30/378

    `rce`gn y lcm ign lcm ounla. Pgn coderfa- lcoesgelas ertgstes/pgntarcs sgfucn elarenla mespmentes- mes pgclres- me ame a mas haodrcs.Nas e`astuodreoas pranta e me cs`mevgtul lcm ogstcrga- quc tcrogne par `rcer lum`cs pme`crcs.Lckeoas e mas adrcras fadcrner cm ungvcrsa- y mas kerlgncras tgcncn ocnas rcspc`ta par meneturemcze quc mas ertgstes.We cs hare lc scr sus eoas.

    Me ducne vamuntel na ferentgze cn edsamuta me vg`targe.Lc cstc mela lc me ctcrnglel lenzen mes oartemcs iaroes lcm eoar y cm naodrc lc me neturemczercsuoc su psgoe lgs`gpmgne.

    Me mmeoe cs cm sodama lc me pgnture y mes trcs vgrtulcs `msg`es imeocen relgentcs.Me mmeoe tgcnc cse unglel ofg`e par me `uem- sg sc me lgvglc- `ele mmeogte cs scockentc e me mmeoeng`e.

    Ignemocntc- tgcnc me vcrlel sudmgoc lc me muz quc nelgc puclc ncfre.Mas ertgstes/pgntarcs vgrtuasas lc cste pa`e a``glcntem `ansglcren su purcze cn apasg`gn e mesiucrzes neturemcs.Cmme cs cm amvgla lcspus lcm cstulga. W pere quc un ertgste pura ourgcre na lcdcren hedcrcxgstgla talas mas lc mas sgfmas peselas.

    Me pgnture sc purgig`e cn a``glcntc `an equcmme mfg`e glcem quc mas pgntarcs entgfuas trensogtgcrane mas nucvas `aoa sg mcs lgcscn me vgle.W csta cs tala.

    Cm haodrc vgvc cn cm pme`cr- atra cn cm lamar- emfunas oemdereten me hcrcn`ge- atras sc he`cn rg`as-y atras- ignemocntc- na tgcncn os quc me vgle.W csta cs tala.

    Na sc puclcn mmcver `ansgfa e tales pertcs cm `elvcr lc nucstra prapga pelrc.Pc mc edenlane cn `aopee lc mas oucrtas. Pc mc rc`ucrle- sc mc mmare- sc hedme lc cm `anelogre`gn.W- sg nas ta`e mmcfer e scr pelrcs- na lcdcoas cspcrer quc una lc nucstras hgkas veye elcsladmersc par me vgle lc nucstra `elvcr.

    Rcra cn vena nucstras pgcs sc mcventen lcm sucma quc fuerle mas oucrtas.Cstgoer me purcze cs deutgzer cm gnstgnta- huoengzer cm ertc y lgvgngzer me pcrsanemglel.Me rez- sg cm temma- me imar lc mgs oucstren me prafrcsgn lc me purcze heste su imare`gn sgodmg`e.\alas mas `ucrpas san gfuemcs entc me muz y sus oalgig`e`gancs surfcn lc cstc palcr muognasa quc`anstruyc e su vamuntel.

    Nasatras na `ana`coas talas mas `amarcs y `ele haodrc mas gnvcnte nucvas.Rcra cm pgntar lcdc- entc tala- rcprcscntersc su lgvgnglel- y mas `uelras quc airc`c e meelogre`gn lc mas haodrcs mc `an`clcrn me fmarge lc ckcr`cr oaocntnceocntc su prapgelgvgnglel.

    Rere csa cs nc`cserga eder`er `an une ogrele cm pesela- cm prcscntc y cm iutura.

    Cm mgcnza lcdc prcscnter cste unglel cscn`gem quc par sg same prava`e cm xtesgs.Cntan`cs nele iufgtgva nas errestrere em ezer.Na vamvcrcoas etrs drus`eocntc.Mgdrcs cspc`telarcs- na edenlanercoas nucstre vgle par nucstre `urgasglel.Mas `antredenlgstes lc mes iaroes na lcireuleren nucstres cstetues lc sem entc me eluene lc merezn.

    Na vefercoas par cm pravcngr lcs`ana`gla- quc- scperela lc me ctcrnglel- na cs os quc unepemedre lcstgnele e tcnter em haodrc.Na nas cxtcnuercoas par eicrrer cm prcscntc lcoesgela iufez. Cstc na puclc sgfngig`er pere cmertgste os quc me os`ere lc me oucrtc; me oale.

    Cm `uelra cxgstgr gncmu`tedmcocntc.

    Me vgsgn scr cntcre- `aopmcte y su gnigngta- cn mufer lc scemer une gopcric``gn- sama herrcoantersc me rcme`gn lc une nucve `rgeture `an un nucva `rcelar- y nele os.

    02

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    31/378

    Pgn ma `uem na hedr unglel- y mes rcme`gancs cntrc mas lgstgntas puntas lcm mgcnza `an lgicrcntcstcopcreocntas- `an lgicrcntcs adkctas- `an lgicrcntcs mu`cs- na oastreren os quc uneoumtgpmg`glel lc lcscockenzes sgn eroane.

    Rarquc sg puclc hedcr un nocra gnigngta lc `rgetures quc tcstgoange `ele une par su prapga`rcelar- sgn quc ngnfune a`upc cm cspe ga lc mes quc `acxgstcn- cs gopasgdmc `an`cdgrmes

    sgoumtnceocntc y su oucrtc pravgcnc lc su supcrpasg`gn- lc su ocz`amenze- lc su eoar.

    @ele lgvgnglel `rce su prapge goefcn; es teodgn mas pgntarcs.Pama mas iatfreias iedrg`en me rcpralu``gn lc me neturemcze.Me purcze y me unglel nele `ucnten sgn me vcrlel quc na sc puclc `aoperer `an me rcemglel- yequc sgcoprc cs me ogsoe- em oerfcn lc tales mes iucrzes neturemcs quc sc csiucrzen paroentcncrnas cn cm arlcn ietem cn cm quc na saoas os quc engoemcs.

    Entc tala- mas ertgstes san haodrcs quc qugcrcn he`crsc gnhuoenas.Dus`en pcnaseocntc mes hucmmes lc me gnhuoenglel- hucmmes quc na sc cn`ucntren cn ngnfn mufercn me neturemcze.

    Rcra nun`e sc lcs`udrgr me rcemglel lc une vcz pere sgcoprc. Me vcrlel scr sgcoprc nucve. Pgna- na scrge os quc un sgstcoe os oscra quc me neturemcze.

    Cn cstc `esa- me lcpmaredmc vcrlel- `ele le os mckene- ocnas `mere- ocnas rcem- rclu`gre me

    pgnture em cstela lc cs`rgture pmstg`e- lcstgnele sameocntc e ie`gmgter mes rcme`gancs cntrc fcntcslc me ogsoe reze.

    Hay cn`antrercoas pranta me oequgne pere rcpralu`gr temcs sgfnas- sgn sgfngig`ela.GG

    Ou`has pgntarcs nucvas na pgnten os quc `uelras cn mas quc na hey un eutcntg`a tcoe.Mas ttumas quc hey cn mas `etmafas lcscopcen me iun`gn lc mas naodrcs quc lcsgfnen e mashaodrcs sgn `ere`tcrgzermas.

    Es `aoa cxgstcn Mcfras quc san lcmfelsgoas- y Mcdmanl quc san ouy oarcnas- hc vgsta mgcnzasmmeoelas Pamclel mmcnas lc igfures.

    Cn cstas `esas eun sc elogtc- e vc`cs- user pemedres vefeocntc sgfngig`etgves `aoa $Tctreta$$Regsekc$ $Neturemcze Oucrte$- pcra ou`has kvcncs ertgstes/pgntarcs na copmcen os quc cmva`edma fcnrg`a lc $Rgnture$.

    Cstas pgntarcs- sg adscrven me neturemcze- ye na me gogten y sc lclg`en `uglelaseocntc e mercprcscnte`gn lc mes cs`cnes neturemcs adscrveles y rc`anstrugles oclgentc cm cstulga.

    Me vcrasgogmgtul na tgcnc ye ngnfn vemar- parquc cm ertgste ma se`rgig`e tala e me vcrlel- e menc`csglel lc une neturemcze supcrgar quc cm goefgne sgn lcs`udrgrme.

    Cm tcoe ye na `ucnte- a epcnes `ucnte. Cn fcncrem- cm ertc oalcrna rc`heze me oeyar pertc lc masoclgas copmcelas par mas frenlcs ertgstes peselas pere efreler.Pg cm ign lc me pgnture cs sgcoprc- `aoa ma iuc cn un tgcopa- cm pme`cr lc me vgste- ehare sc pglc emeoentc lcm ertc quc cn`ucntrc un pme`cr lgvcrsa lcm quc mc puclc pra`urer- gfuemocntc dgcn- cmcspc`t`uma lc mes `ases neturemcs.

    Nas cn`eogneoas es he`ge un ertc `aopmcteocntc nucva quc scr pere me pgnture- tem `aoa iuc`ansglcrele heste ehare- ma quc me osg`e cs pere me mgtcreture.Pcr pgnture pure- `aoa me osg`e cs mgtcreture pure.

    Cm eig`ganela e me osg`e cxpcrgocnte- em cs`u`her un `an`gcrta- une emcfre lgstgnte lc `uenlacs`u`he mas ruglas neturemcs- `aoa cm ouroumma lc un errayucma- cm oufgla lc un tarrcntc- cm

    sgmdgla lcm vgcnta cn cm dasquc a mes eroanes lcm mcnfuekc huoena iunleles cn me rezn y na cn mecsttg`e.

    Lcm ogsoa oala- mas pgntarcs nucvas pra`ureren e sus elogrelarcs scnse`gancs ertstg`es lcdglesng`eocntc e me eroane lc mes mu`cs `antrestentcs.

    Cs `ana`gle me en`late lc Epcmcs y Rratfcncs quc nas rcmete Rmgnga.Oucstre `mereocntc cm pme`cr csttg`a quc rcsumte sama lc cste `anstru``gn `antrestentc lc me quc

    hc hedmela.Epcmcs mmcfe un le e me gsme lc Tales pere vcr mas tredekas lc Rratafcncs- quc vgve emm. Cstc nacstede cn su temmcr `uenla Epcmcs mmcfa.

    05

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    32/378

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    33/378

    cs`umtures cfgp`ges- ncfres y a`cng`es- y oclgteran adres `gcntig`es `an mes cspcrenzes pucstescn un ertc sudmgoc: hay ye na sc le cste cxprcsgn utpg`e- quc hede quc pancr lc rcmgcvc ycxpmg`er sgna un gntcrs cn `gcrta oala hgstrg`a.

    GYEm qucrcr em`enzer prapar`gancs glcemcs- na `antcntnlasc `an mes huoenes- mas kvcncs pgntarcsnas airc`cn adres os `crcdremcs quc scnsuemcs. @ele vcz sc emcken os lcm entgfua ertc lc

    gmusgancs ptg`es y lc prapar`gancs ma`emcs pere cxprcser me frenlcze lc mes iaroes octeisg`es.Rar csta- cm ertc e`tuem- eun na sgcnla me coene`gn lgrc`te lc `rccn`ges rcmgfgases lctcrogneles-prcscnte ou`has `ere`tcrcs lcm fren ertc- cs lc`gr- lcm ertc rcmgfgasa.

    YMas frenlcs pactes y mas frenlcs ertgstes tgcncn me ogsgn sa`gem lc rcnaver sgn trcfue mesepergcn`ges quc rcvgstc me neturemcze e mas akas lc mas haodrcs.Pgn mas pactes y mas ertgstes- mas haodrcs sc edurrgren pranta lc me oanatane neturem. Me glce

    sudmgoc quc tgcncn lcm ungvcrsa sc lcrruodere `an une repglcz vcrtgfgnase.Cm arlcn quc eperc`c cn me neturemcze- y quc na cs os quc cic`ta lcm ertc- sc lcsvenc`crerpgleocntc.\ala sc lcshere cn cm `eas.

    We na hedre ng cste`gancs- ng `gvgmgze`gn- ng pcnseogcnta- ng huoenglel- ng sgqugcre vgle- y megopancntc as`urglel rcgnere pere sgcoprc.

    Mas pactes y mas ertgstes lctcrognen- lc `aon e`ucrla- cm `er`tcr lc su pa`e- y cm pravcngr sc`aniaroe l`gmocntc e su glce.

    Me cstru`ture fcncrem lc une eroane cs scockentc e mes igfures trezeles par mas ertgstes cfgp`gasy- sgn coderfa- cstas cren ouy lgstgntas mas unas lc mas atras. Rcra sc `aniaroeran em ertc lc supa`e.

    Cm `er`tcr prapga lcm ertc- me nucve iun`gn sa`gem cs `rcer cste gmusgn; cm tgpa.Pama Lgas sedc `uenta sc hen durmela lc mas `uelras lc Oenct y lc Tcnagr% Rucs dgcn- destec`her un vgsteza e mes iatafreies lc me pa`e pere lersc `ucnte lc quc pcrsanes y `ases sc`aniaroen tatemocntc e mes gofcncs lc cstas pgntarcs.

    Cste gmusgn oc perc`c tatemocntc neturem- ye quc mes adres lc ertc san ma os ratunla qucpralu`c une pa`e lcslc cm punta lc vgste lc me iaroe. Cste cncrfe sc gopanc e mas haodrcs y cspere cmmas me oclgle pmstg`e lc une pa`e.Es- mas quc sc durmen lc mas nucvas pgntarcs- sc oaien lc me prapge igfure- ye quc me huoenglellcm iutura sc igfurere me huoenglel lc hay scfn me rcprcscnte`gn quc mas ertgstes lcm ertc osvgva- cs lc`gr os nucva- heyen lckela lc cmme.

    Na oc lgfgs quc hey hay pgntarcs cn mas quc me huoenglel puclc rc`ana`crsc pgntele e sugoefcn.\ales mes adres lc ertc lc une pa`e e`eden par perc`crsc e mes adres lc ertc os vgfarases- oscxprcsgves- os tpg`es.

    Mes ouc`es ne`gcran lc un ertc papumer y sgcoprc perc`cn gnspgrersc cn mes adres lc une frenpertc lc me ogsoe pa`e.Cs une vcrlel i`gm lc `aoprader.W- sgn coderfa- qugcn sc etrcvcre e lc`gr quc mes ouc`es quc sc vcnlen cn mes tgcnles he`ge cm5882 sc iedrg`eran `an un scntgogcnta enmafa em lc Tcnagr `uenla pgntede sus rctretas1 Cntan`csnelgc sc lede `ucnte lc cmma.Pgn coderfa- csta sgfngig`e quc cm ertc lc Tcnagr cre ma destentc vgfarasa- ma destentc vgtem peregopancrsc e nucstras scntglas- ogcntres quc em fren pudmg`a lc me pa`e cn quc cm `aocnzede sus`an`cp`gancs cstes mc perc`en atras tentas edsurlas y ma`ures.

    YGPc he `ansglcrela e vc`cs- y cn pertg`umer e prapsgta lc mas ertgstes/pgntarcs os rc`gcntcs- me

    pasgdgmglel lc une ogstgig`e`gn a lc un crrar `amc`tgva.Ehare dgcn- na sc `ana`c cn tale me hgstarge lcm ertc une same ogstgig`e`gn y ng sgqugcre un crrarertstg`a quc sc heyen fcncremgzela.

    00

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    34/378

    Hey ckcopmas egsmelas lc ogstgig`e`gn y lc crrar- pcra mas cmcocntas `anvcn`ganemcs lc quc sc`aopancn cn fren pertc mes adres lc ertc nas ferentgzen quc na puclcn lersc `esas `amc`tgvas.Pg me nucve cs`ucme lc pgnture nas prcscntesc una- scrge un e`antc`gogcnta ten cxtrearlgnerga quchedre quc `ansglcrerma un ogmefra.@an`cdgr un `esa lc cstc tgpa scrge `aoa pcnser quc cn une ne`gn talas mas ngas ne`gcren- lcrcpcntc- sgn `edcze- sgn une pgcrne a sgn un dreza- `an`cp`gn cvglcntcocntc edsurle.

    Na hey crrarcs ng ogstgig`e`gancs `amc`tgves cn cm ertc: na hey os quc lgvcrses pa`es y lgvcrsescs`ucmes ertstg`es.Pg cm ign quc `ele une lc cmmes pcrsgfuc na cs gfuemocntc cmcvela- gfuemocntc pura- tales san lcmogsoa oala rcspctedmcs- y- scfn mes glces quc nas hefeoas lc me dcmmcze- tale cs`ucme lc ertc cs

    suoeocntc elogrele- lcsprc`gele y nucveocntc elogrele.YGG

    Me oalcrne cs`ucme lc pgnture mmcve cm naodrc lc `udgsoa. Mc iuc lela lcspc`tgveocntc cn cmataa lc 5728 par Hcnrg Oetgssc- quc e`edede lc vcr un `uelra `an `eses- `uye epergcn`ge `dg`emc hedre goprcsganela iucrtcocntc.

    Cste nucve csttg`e sc iuc cmedarenla prgocreocntc cn cm csprgtu lc Enlr Lcregn- pcra mes adresos gopartentcs y os eule`cs quc praluka iucran mes lc un fren ertgste em quc teodgn hey quc

    `ansglcrer `aoa un iunlelar; Redma Rg`essa.Pus gnvcn`gancs- epayeles par cm ducn scntgla lc Fcarfcs Drequc- quc cxpusa cn 5728- un `uelra`udgste cn cm Pemn lc mas Gnlcpcnlgcntcs- sc hemmeran iaroumeles cn mas cstulgas lc Kcen

    Octzgnfcr- quc cxpusa cm prgocr rctreta `udgste (cm oga' cn cm Pemn lc mas Gnlcpcnlgcntcs lc 5752-y quc- elcos hgza elogtgr csc ogsoa ea adres `udgstes par cm Kurela lcm Pemn lc Ataa.\eodgn cn 5752- eperc`gcran cn mas Gnlcpcnlgcntcs `uelras lc Tadcrt Lcmeuney- lc Oergc

    Meurcn`gn y lc Mc Ieu`anngcr- quc `arrcspanlen e me ogsoe cs`ucme.Me prgocre cxpasg`gn `amc`tgve lcm `udgsoa- `uyas scfuglarcs cren `ele vcz os nuocrasas- tuvamufer cn 5755- cn mas Gnlcpcnlgcntcs- lanlc me Peme

  • 7/22/2019 HIST4

    35/378

    \ala haodrc tgcnc cm scntgla lc cste rcemglel gntcrgar. Na cs prc`gsa scr `umta pere `an`cdgr- parckcopma- une iaroe rclanle.

    Cm espc`ta fcaotrg`a quc ten vgveocntc goprcsgan e qugcncs vgcran mes prgocres tcmes `gcntig`eslcrgvede lcm hc`ha lc quc me rcemglel cscn`gem sc airc`e cn cmmas `an fren purcze y sc cmgognedetatemocntc cm cmcocnta vgsuem y enc`ltg`a.

    Mas pgntarcs quc pcrtcnc`cn e cste tcnlcn`ge san; Rg`essa- `uya ertc muognasa sc rcme`gane

    teodgn `an me atre `arrgcntc pure lcm `udgsoa: Fcarfcs Drequc- Octzgnfcr- Emdcrt Fmcgzcs- mescargte Meurcn`gn y Kuen Frgs.Cm `udgsoa isg`a- quc cs cm ertc lc pgnter `aopasg`gancs `an cmcocntas cxtrelas cn su oeyarpertc lc me rcemglel vgrtuem.Pgn coderfa- cstc ertc lcpcnlc lcm `udgsoa cn su lgs`gpmgne `anstru`tgve. \gcnc un fren parvcngr`aoa pgnture lc hgstarge. Pu iun`gn sa`gem cste dgcn lcmgncele- pcra na cs ertc pura. Cn cm sc`aniunlc cm tcoe `an mes gofcncs.

    Cm pgntar isg`a quc `rca cse tcnlcn`ge cs mc Ieu`anngcr.Cm `udgsoa rig`a cs me atre gopartentc tcnlcn`ge lc me pgnture oalcrne. Cs cm ertc lc pgnter`aopasg`gancs nucves `an cmcocntas na taoelas lc me rcemglel vgsuem- sgna cntcreocntc `rcelas

    par cm ertgste y latelas par cm lc une palcrase rcemglel.

    Mes adres lc mas ertgstes rig`as lcdcn airc`cr sgoumtnceocntc un pme`cr csttg`a pura- une`anstru``gn quc goprcsganc mas scntglas y un sgfngig`ela sudmgoc- cs lc`gr- cm tcoe.

    Cs ertc pura.Me muz lc mes adres lc Rg`essa `antgcnc cstc ertc- quc- par su pertc- Tadcrt Lcmeuney gnvcnte y emquc tgcnlcn teodgn Icrnenl Mcfcr- Iren`gs Rg`edge y Oer`cm Lu`heop.

    Cm `udgsoa gnstgntgva- ertc lc pgnter nucvas `uelras- gnspgrelas na cn em rcemglel vgsuem- sgna cn mesufcrgle par cm ertgste par cm gnstgnta y par me gntug`gn- tgcnlc- lcslc he`c destentc tgcopa- emarigsoa.

    E mas ertgstes gnstgntgvas mcs iemte mu`glcz y un `rcla ertstg`a: cm `udgsoa eder`e un fren nuocralc cmmas.

    Ne`gla lcm goprcsgangsoa iren`s- cstc oavgogcnta sc lgiunlc e`tuemocntc par tale Curape.Mas mtgoas `uelras lc @czennc y sus e`uercmes sc rcme`ganen `an cm `udgsoa- pcra @aurdct cs cmpelrc lc mas nucvas pgntarcs y Enlrc Lcregn- lcm `uem vamvcr e hedmer un le- iuc cm oeyar lc sushgkas prclgmc`tas- ye quc ma cn`antreoas cn cm argfcn lcm oavgogcnta lc mas ieuvcs- quc iuc unecspc`gc lc prcmulga lcm `udgsoa- y teodgn cn cm argfcn lc cstc fren oavgogcnta sudkctgva: pcra

    scrge lcoesgela lgi`gm cs`rgdgr dgcn ehare lc un haodrc quc- vamuntergeocntc- sc oentgcnc emoerfcn lc tala y lc talas.@rca quc me oalcrne cs`ucme lc pgnture cs me os eulez quc nun`e heye cxgstgla. Hc pmentcela cm

    pradmcoe lc me dcmmcze cn sg. Uugcrc goefgnersc ma dcmma mgdcrela lcm pme`cr quc cm haodrc pra`ureem haodrc- y lcslc cm `aogcnza lc mas tgcopas hgstrg`as ngnfn ertgste curapca sc hede etrcvglae cmma.

    Mas nucvas ertgstes qugcrcn une dcmmcze glcem quc ye na sce sama cxprcsgn arfummase lc me cspc`gc-sgna cxprcsgn lcm ungvcrsa- cn me oclgle cn quc cstc sc he huoengzela cn me mu