guia-2015

ndicetIntroduccin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

tPresente Simple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

tPresente Progresivo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

tFuturo Simple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

tPasado Simple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

tPasado Progresivo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

tPresente Perfecto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

tPasado Perfecto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

tVerbos Modales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

tLista de Verbos Irregulares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

tExamen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Los contenidos de esta Gua son propiedad de Ganando con Ingls. Queda estrictamente prohibido la reproduccin parcial o total, sin el permiso correspondiente.

1www.ganandoconingles.com

If you are reading this guide is because you wish to learn English. Believe it, this is a huge step forward and we can help you.We compiled the most practical verbal tenses in English, and made it simple and easy for you to remember. However, be aware that even when the expressions herein are basic and understandable, you need a previous knowledge of English language.This guide begins with easy topics and gradually increases its level of complexity. In the last part, you will nd a short test so you can know if you have reached an adequate learning. We suggest practice.Realize that this guide does not use the same natural learning method as used in Ganando con Ingls. Moreover, it do es not comprise material from the course. This guide has been created with a dierent purpose.

Congratulations!

Introduction IntroduccinFelicidades!

Si ests leyendo esta gua seguramente es porque tienes el deseo de aprender ingls, y crelo, este es un importante paso hacia adelante. Nosotros te vamos a ayudar. Hicimos una recopilacin sobre los tiempos verbales ms utilizados en ingls y los explicamos de una manera sencilla y fcil de recordar para ti. Sin embargo, queremos aclararte que aunque las expresiones utilizadas son bsicas y muy entendibles, es necesario un conocimiento previo del idioma ingls. La gua inicia por los temas ms sencillos y el nivel aumenta gradualmente. Al nal encontrars un pequeo test que medir s has aprendido lo suciente. Te recomendamos practicar.Debes saber que esta gua no utiliza el mismo mtodo de aprendizaje natural de Ganando con Ingls, ni incluye contenido del curso. Ha sido realizada con un objetivo diferente.No queremos que dejes pasar ninguna oportunidad ms por no hablar ingls. Llvate ese ascenso que deseas, cambia de trabajo, viaja a otros pases, conoce otras culturas, y dale a tu vida mucha ms emocin y xito:

We do not want that you lose great opportunities just because you do not speak English. Get the promotion you are looking forward, change your job, travel to other countries, know dierent cultures and give your life emotion and success:

Learn English once and for all! Aprende ingls de una vez por todas!


CONVERSACIONES

Alan Caroline, what's your hobby?Caroline Well, I play the guitar.Alan Really?Caroline Yes, I like playing the guitar.Alan How often do you play?Caroline I play twice a week. What about you? Do you have a hobby?Alan I'm interested in video games.Caroline That's interesting!Alan Yes, I play video games almost every day.

Alan Carolina, cul es tu hobby?Carolina Bueno, yo toco la guitarra.Alan De verdad?Carolina S, a mi me gusta tocar la guitarra.Alan Qu tan seguido tocas la guitarra?Carolina Yo toco la guitarra 2 veces por semana. Y t? T tienes algn hobby?Alan Yo estoy interesado en los videojuegos.Carolina Eso es interesante!Alan S, yo juego videojuegos casi todos los das.

tReally ( De verdad? )

tWell ( Bueno )

tI Like To ( Me gusta )

tHow often? ( Qu tan seguido? )

tWhat about you? ( Qu hay sobre ti? )

Useful Expressions

My Hobby

Mi Pasatiempo


PRESENTE SIMPLE

tTo be: - I am (m), You/we/they are (re), he/she/it is (s).- I am not (m not), You/we/they are not (re not / arentt), he/she/it is is (s not / isnt).tTo have: I/you/we/they have (ve), he/she/it has.- Have not (dont havent), does not have (hasnt).have not (don't have), does not have (doesn't have)

I am a student (Yo soy un estudiante)

You are an engineer (T eres un ingeniero)

Forma Armativa Sujeto + Verbo + Complemento

I am not a student (Yo no soy un estudiante)

You are not an engineer (T no eres un ingeniero)

Forma Negativa Sujeto + Verbo + Complemento

Am I a student?(Soy yo un estudiante?)

Are you an engineer? (Eres t un ingeniero?)

FormaInterrogativa Sujeto + Verbo + Complemento ?

El tiempo Presente Simple se utiliza, entre otras cosas, para expresar acciones, eventos o situaciones habituales que transcurren con cierta frecuencia.

Por ejemplo:

tI'm a teacher. Yo soy un maestro.tAnne is a teacher. Ana es maestra.tShe lives in London. Ella Vive en Londres.tAnne gets up at 7 a.m. Ana se despierta a las 7 a.m.tShe usually has breakfast at 8 a.m. Usualmente desayuna a las 8 a.m.

Recordemos: Al conjugar los verbos regulares en tiempo presente, debe agregarse para la tercera persona del singular (He / She / It) una "s" al verbo base, mientras que para las dems personas el verbo permanece igual.

Presente de los Verbos Auxiliares Presente Simple


CONVERSACIONES

Ricky Hi, How are you doing?Joe Im ok, what about you?Ricky Im good. Is Janet at the party?Joe Yes, she is. Shes at the garden.Ricky What is she doing?Joe Shes talking with Patty right now.Ricky Where are Peter and Sue?Joe Theyre dancing now.Ricky Are they singing too?Joe No, they arent. Theyre drinking some soda, but Alice is singing a romantic song.Ricky And whos playing the guitar?Joe Maybe Alex is.Ricky Its nice talking to you!

Ricky Hola, Cmo te va?Joe Bien, Y t?Ricky Bien. Est Janet en la esta?Joe Si. Est en el jardn.Ricky Qu est haciendo?Joe Est platicando con Patty en este momento.Ricky Dnde estn Pedro y Susana?Joe Estn bailando ahora.Ricky Estn cantando tambin?Joe No. Estn tomando refresco, pero Alicia est cantando una cancin romntica.Ricky Y quin est tocando la guitarra?Joe Quiz es Alex.Ricky Es agradable platicar contigo!

tHi, Hello ( Hola )

tHow are you doing? ( Cmo te ha ido? )

tWhere are ( Dnde estn? )

tI'm ok/ I'm good ( Estoy bien)

tMaybe ( Quizs )

tIt's nice talking to you ( Es agradable platicar contigo )

Useful Expressions

At the party

En la esta


PRESENTE PROGRESIVO

El presente progresivo es usado para expresar que una actividad est sucediendo al momento de hablar. Este tiempoverbal se construye utilizando como auxiliar el verbo TO BE (am, is, are) y como verbo principal en innitivo con la terminacin ING.

I am doing the homework (Estoy haciendo la tarea)

You are playing the guitar (Tu ests tocando la guitarra)

They are not drinking coe. (Ellos no estn tomando caf)

He is not buying that car (El no est comprando ese auto)

Am i eating too much? (Estoy comiendo demasiado?)

Are you doing yoga? (Ests haciendo yoga?)

Forma ArmativaSujeto + To Be + Verbo + ING

+ Complemento

Forma NegativaSujeto + To Be + Not + Verbo + ING

+ Complemento

Forma InterrogativaTo Be + Sujeto + Verbo + ING

+ Complemento ?

Ejemplo:

tI am working at home (Estoy trabajando en casa)tYou are doing the homework (Estas/Estan haciendo la tarea)tWe are sitting next to Mr. Lee. (Estamos sentados junto al Sr. Lee)tI'm not having fun (No me estoy divirtiendo)tAre you doing your homework? (Ests haciendo tu tarea?)

Presente Progresivo


CONVERSACIONES

tGood ( Bien )tWait ( Espera )t I don't know ( No lo se )tReally? ( De verdad? )tWhere are you going? ( A dnde vas? )tSorry ( Lo siento )tNever mind ( No hay problema )

Useful Expressions

Cleaning your room

Limpiando tu cuarto

Mom Are you going to clean your room today?Daughter I dont know, mom. I have a lot of homework to do.Mom Really? When are you going to do it then?Daughter WellMom Remember that your friends are coming tonight. Daughter Oh, I had forgotten that! Ill clean it right now.Mom Good! Daughter Wait! Mom! Where are you going?Mom Ill go to buy some snacks to your friends.Daughter Arent you going to help me?Mom I wont have enough time, Im going to the supermarket, sorry!Daughter Never mind.

Mam Vas a limpiar tu cuarto hoy?Hija No lo s mam. Tengo que hacer mucha tarea.Mam De verdad? Entonces, cundo lo vas a limpiar?Hija BuenoMam Recuerda que tus amigos van a venir esta noche. Hija Hjole, se me haba olvidado! Lo limpiar ahora mismo.Mam Bien. Hija Espera! Mam!, adnde vas?Mam Ir a comprar algunos bocadillos para tus amigos.Hija No me vas a ayudar?Mam Lo siento, pero no tendr tiempo suciente, me voy al supermercado.Hija No te preocupes.


FUTURO SIMPLE

She will clean her room (Ella limpiar su cuarto)

Contraccin: She'll clean her room

(Ella limpiar su cuarto)

Forma ArmativaSujeto + Will + Verbo + Complemento

She will not clean her room (Ella no limpiar su cuarto)

Contraccin: She won't clean her room(Ella no limpiar su cuarto)

Forma NegativaSujeto + Will not + Verbo + Complemento

Will she clean her room? (Limpiar ella su cuarto?)

Forma InterrogativaWill + Sujeto + Verbo + Complemento ?

El tiempo futuro se utiliza, entre otras cosas, para expresar promesas, determinacin, dar nfasis o situacionescondicionales.tI will clean my room. Limpiar mi cuarto.tI will clean it right now! Lo limpiar ahora mismo!tI will clean it if you help me. Lo limpiar si t me ayudas.tShe will do it. Ella lo har.

Recordemos: El tiempo futuro se forma con los verbos auxiliares will, ms el innitivo del verbo principal. Se puede contraer el auxiliar will. Will -> 'll, Will not -> Won't

Cuando queremos indicar el propsito de realizar alguna accin futura o se planea algo, la frase going to es muy comn. El uso de la forma verbal going to es mucho ms generalizado que will para indicar accin futura o para expresar intencinde realizarla en el futuro.

She is going to clean her room (Ella va a limpiar su cuarto)

Forma ArmativaSujeto + To be + going to + Complemento

She is not going to clean her room (Ella no va a limpiar su cuarto)

Forma NegativaSujeto + To be + not going to

+ Verbo + Complemento

Is she going to clean her room? (Va a limpiar ella su cuarto?)

Forma InterrogativaTo be + Sujeto + Going To + Verbo + Complemento

Futuro con Will

Futuro con Be going to


CONVERSACIONES

Edward Hows it going?Lillian Not bad, everything is ok, what about you?Edward Im ne and a lot to talk.Lillian Tell me, how was your vacation?Edward It was great. My family and I went to the beach.Lillian Wow, thats terric!! And what did you do there?Edward Well, I swam at the beach, my mom prepared sandwiches, and then we went shing. Tell me about your vacation!Lillian We went to the mountains. We left home around 5 oclock in the morning. We went skating and my brother climbed a small mountain. Edward Did you go to the Rocky Mountains?Lillian No, we didnt. We traveled to YellowStone. Did you travel to Puerto Vallarta?Edward Yes, we did. We stayed there for two weeks, also we visited the aquarium.

Edward Qu tal?Lillian No me puedo quejar, todo muy bien, y t?Edward Bien y mucho que platicar.Lillian Dime, Cmo estuvieron tus vacaciones?Edward Estuvieron fantsticas. Mi familia y yo fuimos a la playa.Lillian Wow, eso es genial! Y que hicieron ahi?Edward Bueno, nad en la playa, mi mam prepar emparedados y luego fuimos de pesca. Platcame de tus vacaciones!Lillian Fuimos a las montaas, caminamos alrededor del bosque, fuimos a esquiar y mi hermano escal una montaa pequea.Edward Fueron a las Montaas Rocallosas?Lilian No. Viajamos a Yellowstone. Viajaron a Puerto Vallarta?Edward S. Permanecimos por dos semanas, y tambin visitamos el acuario.

tHow's it going? ( Qu tal? )

tNot bad ( No est mal )

tWe went to ( Fuimos a)

tThat's terric! ( Es genial! )

tIt was great ( Estubo muy bien )

tTell me ( Dime )

Useful Expressions

Disfrutanto las vacaciones

Enjoying vacations


PASADO SIMPLE

tTo be: I / he / she / it was, you/we/they were - Was not (wasnt), were not (werent).tTo have: had; en una pregunta: did + sujeto + have.- Did not have (didn't have)

I went to the beach (Fui a la playa)

We traveled to YellowStone (Nosotros viajamos a YellowStone)

Forma ArmativaSujeto + Verbo en pasado + Complemento

I didn't go to the beach (Yo no fui a la playa)

We didn't traveled to YellowStone (Nosotros no viajamos a YellowStone)

Forma NegativaSujeto + did not +Verbo en pasado

+ Complemento

El tiempo pasado es usado para hablar acerca de actividades o situaciones que comenzaron y terminaron en untiempo particular en el pasado, y a su vez traduce el pretrito simple en espaol: Com, jugu, nad, corr, etc., y notaremos que este tiempo, en ingls, tiene una sola forma para todas las personas.

tIt was great. Fue genial Fue muy bueno.tMy family and I went to the beach. Mi familia y yo fuimos a la playa.

Para cambiar un verbo a pasado basta con agregar una -ed al nal si es regular.

Ejemplo:tPlay (jugar) -> Played (jug).tClean (Limpiar) -> Cleaned (Limpi).

Al nal de la gua se incluye una lista de verbos irregulares. Ejemplo:tTell (Decir) -> Told (Dijo), tTeach (Ensear) -> Taught (Ense).

Did I tell you? (Te lo dije?)

Did you nd your cellphone?(Encontraste tu telfono celular?)

Forma InterrogativaDid + Sujeto + Verbo en presente

+ Complemento ?

Pasado de los verbos auxiliares


CONVERSACIONES

Rose What were you doing at the store yesterday?Edward I was waiting for David.Rose What was he doing?Edward He was buying things for school. He was looking for special sales.Rose What was he buying?Edward Pens, some paper, a notebook. Where were you? How did you see me?Rose I was in the store too.Edward What were you doing there?Rose I was with Lisa.Edward Was Lisa buying things?Rose No, she wasnt. She was working.Edward Oh, I didnt see you.Rose I saw you pass, but you were looking something.Edward Rose, sorry but I have to go to classes, can we talk later?Rose Sure, dont worry. See you after class.

Rosa Qu estaban haciendo en la tienda ayer?Eduardo Estaba esperando a David.Rosa Qu estaba haciendo l?Eduardo El estaba comprando artculos para la escuela. Estaba buscando ofertas.Rosa Qu estaba comprando?Eduardo Plumas, algo de papel, un cuaderno. Dnde estabas? Cmo me viste?Rosa Estaba en la tienda tambin.Eduardo Qu estabas haciendo ah?Rosa Estaba con Lisa.Eduardo Estaba Lisa comprando cosas?Rosa No, ella estaba trabajando.Eduardo Oh, no las vi.Rosa Los vi pasar, pero estaban buscando algo y decid no interrumpirlos.Eduardo Rosa, lo siento, pero me tengo que ir a clases, podemos hablar despus? Rosa Claro, no te preocupes. Te veo despus de clase.

tWhat were you doing? ( Qu estabas haciendo? )

tI was waiting for ( Estaba esperando a )

tI was with ( Estaba con )

tIt's ne ( Est bien)

tSure ( Seguro )

tDon't worry ( No te preocupes )

Useful Expressions

Talking in the school

Hablar en la Escuela


PASADO PROGRESIVO

I was talking with lisa (Estaba hablando con lisa)

They were waiting for David (Ellos esperaban a David)

She was not talking with Tom (Ella no estaba hablando con Tom)

You were looking for a new car (Ustedes buscaban un auto nuevo)

Was I buying things? (Estaba yo comprando cosas?)

Were they waiting for David? (Esperaban ellos a David?)

Forma ArmativaSujeto + To be (was, were) + verbo

+ ING + Complemento

Forma NegativaSujeto + To be (was, were) + not + verbo

+ ING + Complemento

Forma InterrogativaTo be (was, were) + Sujeto + Verbo

+ ING + Complemento ?

El pasado continuo se forma con el pasado simple del verbo (to) be: was o were como auxiliar ms el gerundio (ing) del verbo principal. Describe una accin que ocurra en cierto momento o poca en el pasado. Usualmente el pasado continuo est complementado por un pasado simple.

tI was sleeping when you called. Estaba durmiendo cuando llamaste.t It was nice talking to you. Fue divertido hablar contigo.tShe was thinking what to do. Ella estaba pensando que hacer.tWe were living in New York in 2006. Nosotros vivimos en Nueva York en 2006.

Pasado Progresivo


CONVERSACIONES

Sandy I love this car! Its so much fun to drive and its very comfortable. Have you driven a sports Focus car? Saul No, I havent, but please slow down a little, Sandy, you re doing nearly 100! Sandy Am I? Oh, sorry, but dont worry. Ive never gotten a speeding ticket.Saul Um, how long till we get there? You know, Ive never been to Chiapas before. Sandy Oh, well be there in about an hour.

Sandy Yo amo este auto! es muy divertido y cmodo conducirlo, has conducido un automvil Focus deportivo?Sal No, no lo he hecho, pero por favor baja un poco la velocidad, Sandra, ya ests casi en los 100 kms! Sandy Lo estoy? Oh, lo siento, pero no te preocupes. Yo nunca he recibido una multa por alta velocidad. Sal Um, cunto nos falta para llegar? Sabes, Yo nunca he estado en Chiapas antes.Sandy Oh, estaremos ah mas menos en una hora.

tI love this ( Yo amo este )

tHave you? ( Has tu? )

tNo. I havent ( No no lo he hecho )

tUntil / Till ( Hasta que / Mientras )

tYou Know ( Tu sabes )

tAbout an hour ( Cerca de una hora )

Useful Expressions

CHIAPAS

Mi precioso auto

My beautiful car


PRESENTE PERFECTO

We have played tennis for two hours (Hemos jugado tenis por dos horas)

She has arrived late again (Ella ha llegado tarde de nuevo)

You have not studied a lot (Tu no has estudiado mucho)

He has not buyed that car (El no ha comprado ese carro)

Have i gone to the mall? (He ido al centro comercial?)

Has he cleaned his room? (Ha limpiado el su habitacin?)

Forma ArmativaSujeto + have/has + verbo en particio

pasado + Complemento

Forma NegativaSujeto + have/has + not + verbo en participio pasado + complemento

Forma InterrogativaHave/has + Sujeto + Verbo en participio

pasado + Complemento ?

El tiempo Present Perfect se usa para hablar de acciones comenzadas en el pasado y que an continan en el presente. Ejemplo:tI have been here since Monday. Yo he estado aqu desde el lunes.

Para formarlo, se usa el auxiliar HAVE, conjugado para la persona correspondiente (cambia solamente para la tercera persona del singular), seguido del participio pasado, que es igual para todas las personas.

Los verbos irregulares tienen su propio participio pasado y la nica manera de aprenderlos es memorizarlos. Normalmente son los que aparecen en la tercera columna de los listados de verbos irregulares en los diccionarios de ingls.

Por ejemplo el participio pasado del verbo TO SEE (ver) es "seen". Siempre es igual para todas las personas.

tWe have seen many people around here. Nosotros hemos visto mucha gente por aqu.tShe has seen many people around here. Ella ha visto mucha gente por aqu.

Para realizar preguntas usando este tiempo, se usa HAVE (conjugado para la persona correspondiente), seguido del sujeto, luego el participio pasado y nalmente el resto de la oracin.

tHave you had lunch? Has almorzado? La forma negativa se compone del auxiliar HAVE en su forma negativa (conjugado para la persona correspondiente), seguido del participio pasado, que es igual para todas las personas.tI haven't seen him yet. An no lo he visto.

Presente Perfecto


CONVERSACIONES

Sally Hi Donna, what happened to you! Look at your face!Donna Oh! Im really scared! Im going to the police station.Sally Why? What happened?Donna Well, I arrived to my house this evening, and I realized that somebody had broken into it. Somebody had been in my house and had taken my new computer!Sally Really? How did you realize it?Donna Because I tried to open the door but somebody had opened it before. Then, when I came in, I looked that all my stu were in a mess. I had left the computer on the table, but it wasnt there anymore: a thief had stolen my computer!Sally Oh, what a shame!Donna Yes, I had bought that computer just a week ago.Sally Oh well, Ill go with you to the police station.Donna Thank you.

Sally Hola Donna, qu te pas? Mira la cara que traes!Donna Oh! Estoy muy asustada! Voy a la estacin de polica.Sally Por qu? Qu pas?Donna Resulta que llegu a mi casa esta tarde y me di cuenta de que alguien se haba introducido. Alguien haba estado en mi casa y se haba llevado mi nueva computadora!Sally De veras? Cmo te diste cuenta?Donna Porque trat de abrir la puerta pero alguien la haba abierto antes. Luego, cuando entr, vi que todas mis cosas estaban en desorden. Yo haba dejado la computadora sobre la mesa, pero ya no estaba all: un ladrn se haba robado mi computadora!Sally Oh, qu pena!Donna S, haba comprado esa computadora hace slo una semana.Sally Bueno, te acompao a la estacin de polica.Donna Gracias.

tWhat happened to you? ( Qu te pas? )

tI'm really scared ( Estoy muy asustado )

tWhy? ( Por qu? )

tHow did you realize? ( Cmo te diste cuenta?)

tWhat a shame! ( Qu pena! )

tThank you ( Gracias )

Useful Expressions

Robo en casa

I steal in house


PASADO PERFECTO

A thief had taken my computer (Un ladrn se haba llevado

mi computadora)

A thief had not (hadn't) take my computer

(El ladrn no se haba llevado mi computadora)

Had a thief taken my computer (Se haba llevado mi computadora

un ladrn?)

Forma ArmativaSujeto + had + verbo en particio pasado

+ Complemento

Forma NegativaSujeto + had + not + verbo en participio

pasado + complemento

Forma InterrogativaHad + Sujeto + Verbo en participio

pasado + Complemento ?

El pasado perfecto se forma con el tiempo pasado del verbo have (had) como verbo auxiliar, para todas las personas (I, you, he, etc.) ms el participio pasado del verbo principal conjugado. Se utiliza para describir acciones ocurridas y terminadas:

tSomebody had been in my house.Alguien haba estado en mi casa.tHe had been doing his homework almost every day. El haba estado haciendo su tarea casi todos los das.tShe had been looking for you. Ella haba estado buscandote.tWe had taken the bus to Picadilly. Nosotros habamos tomado el bus a Picadilly.tI had studied chinese before getting this job. Yo haba estudiado chino antes de obtener este trabajo.

Pasado Perfecto


CONVERSACIONES

William Hi guys, what are you doing?Peter We are preparing this cake for my moms birthday.William May I help you? I could pass you the ingredients.Freddy No, I dont think so. You should sit and be quiet.Sally Well, I think he could help us to prepare the cake.Peter O.K, you could read the instructions for making the cake.Fredy Hurry up guys! We dont have much time. Its late and Mommy might get back earlier.Mom Hello, children! Im already here. William Uh, oh! Hey mom, how was your shopping?Mom It was perfect!Sally Mom, you look stressed. I think you ought to go to bed and take a nap.All Brothers Yeeesssss Moommmm! Go to bed and take a rest.Mom O.K, please be good. See you later.

William Hola muchachos, qu estn haciendo?Peter Estamo preparando este pastel para el cumpleaos de mi mam.William Me dan permiso de ayudarlos? Podra pasarles los ingredientes.Freddy No, no lo creo. Slo deberas sentarte y estar callado.Sally Bueno, yo creo que podra ayudarnos a preparar el pastel. Peter O.k. Podras leer las instrucciones para hacer el pastel. Fredy Apresrense chicos! No tenemos mucho tiempo. Es tarde y mami posiblemente regrese ms temprano.Mami Hola nios! Ya estoy aqu.William Hey mami! cmo estuvieron tus compras?Mami Estuvo perfecto.Sally Mami, te ves estresada. Creo que deberas ir a la cama y tomar una siestaTodos los Hermanos Siiiiiiii mamiii! Ve a la cama y descansa.Mami O.K. Por favor, prtense bien. Nos vemos luego.

tWhat are you doing? ( Qu estn haciendo? )

tMay I help you? ( Puedo ayudarle? )

tI don't think so ( No lo creo )

tPlease be good ( Por favor comportate )

Keyphases

Preparing a cake

Preparando un pastel


VERBOS MODALES

Can, May, Should, Ought, Must, Would, etc.

CAN COULDCan es un verbo defectivo o incompleto, ya que slo tiene dos tiempos, can en presente y could en el pasado. Can tampoco tiene innitivo y siempre se emplea como auxiliar especial con el otro verbo en innitivo. Can puede expresar: Habilidad, Posibilidad, Permiso, aunque tambin se considera ms correcto usar May.

tYou can't miss it. No te lo puedes perder.tCould you please tell me where the bank is? Podra decirme dnde est el banco?

WOULDEs un verbo auxiliar que se usa para expresar un deseo, preferencia, para solicitar ayuda amablemente, o para expresar un deseo insatisfecho. En estas situaciones tambin se pueden usar los verbos can o could.

tI would like to go to the movies. Me gustara ir al cine.tI would rather stay home than go to work. Preferira quedarme en casa en vez de ir a trabajar.tWould you please help me with this task? Podra ayudarme con esta tarea?tI would have liked to receive a promotion. Me habra gustado recibir una promocin (ascenso en el trabajo)

MAY, MIGHTMay, como el auxiliar can, tambin es verbo defectivo y solamente tiene dos tiempos. May en presente y might en pasado. Tampoco tiene en innitivo. May se emplea para expresar permiso, duda o posibilidad, propsito.

tMay I use your pen? Puedo usar tu pluma?tYou may sit next to John. Usted puede sentarse junto a Juan.tThe train may arrive a little late. Puede que el tren llegue un poco retrasado.

Might, se emplea cuando se requiere la forma pasada del auxilia may. Ejemplos:t He thought I might go with him to the party. l pens que yo poda ir a la esta con l.

SHOULD, OUGHTSeguidos de un innitivo, sirven para expresar una especie de obligacin leve, similar al uso de debiera o debera en espaol. Ejemplos:tYou should see a doctor. Usted debera ver a un doctor.tEdward ought to study harder. Eduardo debera estudiar ms.

Verbos Modales (Auxiliares Especiales)


VERBOS IRREGULARESbe ser estarbear soportarbeat pelearbecome convertirsebegin comenzarbet apostarbite morderbleed sangrarblow soplarbreak romperbring llevarbuild construirburn quemarburst estallarbuy comprar catch aptraparchoose escogercome venircost costarcut cortardeal tratardo hacerdraw dibujardream soardrink beberdrive conducireat comerfall caerfeed alimentarfeel sentirght pelearnd encontrary volarforbid prohibirforget olvidarfreeze congelarget obtenergive dargo ir

been bornebeatenbecomebegunbetbittenbledblownbrokenbroughtbuiltburnt*burstboughtcaughtchosen comecostcutdealtdonedrawndreamt*drunk driveneaten fallenfedfeltfoughtfoundownforbiddenfogottenfrozengot, gottengivengoneIN

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was, wereborebeatbecamebeganbetbitbledblewbrokebroughtbuilt burnt*burstboughtcaughtchosecamecostcutdealtdiddrewdreamt*drankdroveatefellfedfeltfought foundewforbadeforgotfrozegotgavewent

grow crecerhang colgarhave tenerhear orhide esconderhit golpearhold sostenerhurt herirkeep guardarknow saberlay colocarlead guiarlearn aprenderleave abandonarlend prestarlet dejarlie acostarselight iluminarlose perdermake hacermean signicarmeet encontrarpay pagarput meterquit dejarread leerride cabalgarring sonarrise levantarserun corrersay decirsee verseek buscarsell vendersend enviarset ponershake sacudir

grewhunghadheardhidhitheldhurtkeptknewlaidledlearnt*leftlent letlaylit*lostmademeantmetpaidputquitreadroderangroseransaidsawsoughtsold sent setshook

grownhunghadheardhiddenhitheldhurtkeptknownlaidledlearnt*leftlentletlainlit*lostmademeantmetpaidputquitreadriddenrungrisenrunsaidseensoughtsoldsentsetshaken


VERBOS IRREGULARESIN

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shine brillarshoot dispararshow mostrarshrink encogershut cerrarsing cantarsink cantarsit sentarsesleep dormirsmell olerspeak hablarspell deletrear spend gastarspoil estropearspread extenderstand estar de piesteal robarstick pegarsting picarstrike golpearswear jurarswim nadartake tomarteach ensear tear desgarrartell decirthink pensarthrow lanzarwake despertarsewear llevar puestoweep llorarwin ganar

shoneshotshowedshrankshutsangsanksatsleptsmelt*spokespelt*spentspoilt*spreadstoodstolestuckstungstrucksworeswamtooktaughttoretoldthoughtthrewwoke woreweptwon

shoneshotshownshrunkshutsungsunksatsleptsmelt*spokenspelt*spentspoilt*spreadstoodstolenstuckstungstruck / strickenswornswumtakentaughttorntoldthoughtthrownworenwornweptwon

Las formas regulares tambin se emplean. Pero born en el sentido de nacido o como objetivo. Forma regular hanged cuando se trata de persona.

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EXAMEN

1. Is Louis mad?a. Yes, its.b. No, he isnt.c. No, he is.d. Yes, hes.

2. The boys ____________ very noisy.a. Is notb. Arentc. Isntd. rent

3. Is the dog sick?a. Yes, its.b. No, its.c. No, isnt.d. Yes, it is.

Guide's TestThis test is intended to help you determine how much you have learned studying this guide. The test has 30 multiple choise questions. Each question is worth one point. Complete the test and then have a look to the answers in the last page of this guide. Study in the topics you have failed. Good luck.

Examen de la guaEste examen est hecho para ayudarte a determinar cuanto has aprendidoestudiando esta guia. El examen tiene 30 preguntas de opcin multiple. Cada pregunta cuenta como un punto. Completa el examen y despus mira las respuestas en la ltima pagina de esta gua.Estudia en los temas que hayas fallado. Suerte.

4. Time expression used in present progressive tense.a. Last year.b. Tomorrow.c. 3 weeks ago.d. Now.

5. Peter ________ his homework right now.a. is doingb. didc. was doingd. done

6. ______ you __________ overtime tonight? Yes, I _______.a. Do study do.b. Are playing am.c. Did talk did.d. Are working am.

7. Do you live in Rome? a. Yes, I do.b. Yes, I am.c. Yes, I am live in Rome. d. No, I am.

8. Does Anna study English? a. Yes, she does.b. Yes, she is.c. Yes, she do. d. No, she arent.

9. Does Peter go to school everyday? a. No, he does not.b. No, he dont.c. No, he isnt. d. Yes, she was.

10. My grandparents _________ at home in the morning.a. were notb. was notc. no wered. not were

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11. _______Michael at the beach on Sunday __________?a. Were--Saturdayb. Was--afternoonc. Were--tomorrowd. Was--moorning 12. My uncle and my aunt ______ at the movies __________.a. Were--a day after tomorrowb. Were--tomorrowc. Were--three days agod. Was--last week

13. The children _______________ at the park yesterday.a. was playingb. wear playingc. were playingd. were playin

14. My parents and my sister _______________ cleaning up the house last weeka. did notb. were notc. wasentd. were nat

15. ______ the students ____________ the car in the garage a day before?a. Where--washinb. Were--washingc. Wear--washingd. Was--washes

16. My friends and I ________ to the movies last weekend.a. are goingb. wentc. didnt wentd. go

17. What does Hows it going mean? a. Something that its passing.b. Something to greet people.c. Something that its good.d. Something to ask the time.

18. According to the conversation: Did Edward get fun?a.Yes, he does.b.No, he didnt.c.Yes, he did.d.No, he doesnt.

19.Whats the right answer for this question: Will you clean your room?a. Yes, I did.b. Yes, I have cleaned my room.c. I am tired, I wont do it.d. No, I wasnt.

20. Whats the correct sentence?a. She going to buy some snacks.b. She is not going buy some snacks.c. She is goes to buy some snacks.d. She is going to buy some snacks.

21. According to the text, the phrase never mind is close in meaning to:a. It doesnt matter.b. Good luck.c. See you later.d. Congratulations! 22. Has Richard washed his car?a.No, he hasnt washed it for months.b.No, he washed it yesterday.c.No, he didnt.d.Yes, they do.

23. Have you seen this movie before? a.Yes, I did.b.Yes, I have.c.Yes, I do. d.No, she does.

24. Have you ever been to London? a.Yes, I was. b.Yes, I have.c.Yes, I did. d.No, they did.

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25. Whats the correct sentence?a. I had leave my computer on the table.b. I had leaved my computer on the table.c. I hasnt left my computer on the table.d. I had left my computer on the table.

26. According to the text, whats the correct answer for this question: How did you know that somebody had taken your computer?a. Because I had bought it yesterday!b. Because I had saved money to buy it.c. Because I had left the computer on the table, and it wasnt there anymore.d. Because I had taken a taxi to get home early.

27. The expression what a shame! means:a. Feeling really sorry.b. Nice to meet you.c. Thats great!d. Lets go to the police station.

28. The boys are preparing a birthday cake becausea. They like cakes.b. Its her mothers cake.c. They are her mothers ingredients.d. Its their mothers birthday.

29. Why are they in a hurry?a. Because their mom will gets back soon.b. Because their mom is a good runner.c. Because their mother might get back sooner.d. Because their mom might gets back sooner.

30. What advice did the guys give their mom?a. You should go to buy more things.b. You should go to bed and jump.c. You ought go to bed and take a nap.d. You ought to go to bed and rest.

Test's answers

Here you have the correct answers, compare them with yours and nally study the topics where you have failed.

Respuestas del examen

Aqu tienes las respuestas correctas, comparalas con las tuyas y nalmenteestudia en los temas donde no acertaste.

1.b2.b3.d4.d5.a6.d7.a8.a9.a10.a11.b12.c13.c14.b15.b16.b17.b18.c19.c20.d21.a22.a23.b24.b25.d26.c27.a28.d29.c30.d

guia-2015

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