filosofi, teori & instrumen dasar

HAK ASASI MANUSIAFilosofi, Teori & Instrumen Dasar

PenulisMuhammad AshriISBN: 978-602-5522-20-8

PenerbitCV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn)Redaksi : Jln. Muh. Jufri No. 1, Makassar 90215 : 082291222637 : [email protected] : Penerbit SIGn : www.penerbitsign.com

Cetakan Pertama, Agustus 2018viii + 173 hal.; 15,5 cm x 23 cmAnggota IKAPI

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KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................... v

DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................. vii

BAB I ISTILAH DAN PENGERTIAN ...................................... 1 A. Istilah ................................................................................ 1

1. Human Rights ........................................................... 22. Fundamental Rights ............................................... 33. Basic Rights ............................................................... 7

B. Pengertian Para Ahli tentang HAM ......................... 12C. Pengertian HAM dalam

UU Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 ......................................... 18

BAB II FILOSOFI HAK ASASI MANUSIA ............................... 19A. Pengantar ........................................................................ 19B. Landasan Filosofis ........................................................ 21

1. Teologis ...................................................................... 212. Hukum Kodrat: Otonomi Individu .................... 223. Positivisme: Otoritas Negara .............................. 244. Marxisme: Manusia sebagai Makhluk Sosial . 245. Pendekatan Sosiologis:

Proses dan Kepentingan....................................... 246. Utilitarianisme: Hak sebagai Sarana yang

Bermanfaat untuk Mengejar Kebahagiaan .... 25

DAFTAR ISI

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HAK ASASI MANUSIA: Filosofi, Teori & Instrumen Dasar

BAB III TEORI-TEORI HAK ASASI MANUSIA........................ 27A. Hukum Kodrat dan Hak Kodrati .............................. 27B. Positivisme ...................................................................... 32C. Utilitarianisme ............................................................... 35D. Realisme Hukum ........................................................... 36E. Marxisme ......................................................................... 41F. Teori Konstruktivis ...................................................... 43G. Teori-Teori Kontemporer ........................................... 44

1. H.L.A. Hart (1907-1992) ...................................... 452. Robert Nozick (1938–2002) ............................... 473. Ronald M. Dworkin (1931–2013) ..................... 494. John Rawls (1921-2002) ...................................... 53

BAB IV UNIVERSALISME DAN RELATIVISME ...................... 59A. Universalitas dan Universalisme ............................. 59B. Relativisme Budaya ...................................................... 63C. Berbagai Pandangan tentang HAM ......................... 70

BAB V HAK DAN KEWAJIBAN DALAM KONTEKSHAK ASASI MANUSIA ................................................. 75A. Pengantar ........................................................................ 75B. Hak: Manusia .................................................................. 76

1. Hak Positif-Negatif dan Aktif-Pasif ................... 762. Hak Individual dan Hak Sosial ........................... 783. Hak Absolut .............................................................. 79

C. Kewajiban: Negara ....................................................... 84D. Tanggung Jawab Negara ............................................. 92

LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN ............................................................ 95DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................. 165

TENTANG PENULIS ................................................................... 173

165

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

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Daftar Pustaka

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171

Daftar Pustaka

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173

Muhammad Ashri, lahir di Parepare, 5 Oktober 1964 adalah Guru Besar Hukum (Perjanjian) Internasional pada Fakultas Hukum Universitas Hasanuddin (Unhas), Makassar. Lulus S1 (1988) di Fak. Hukum Unhas, S2 (1994) di PPs UI, dan S3 (2008) di PPs Unhas. Selain aktif dalam kegiatan pembelajaran pada Program Sarjana, Pascasarjana (Magister dan Doktor) di almamaternya, penulis

juga pernah menjabat Pembantu Dekan I (Bidang Akademik) Fak. Hukum Unhas (2002-2006). Karya Ilmiah/Populer yang dihasilkan antara lain dipublikasikan di Majalah “Hukum dan Pembangunan”, Jurnal Ilmu Hukum “Amanna Gappa”, “Hukum dan Dinamika Masyarakat”, “Supremasi”, Harian Kompas, “Jurisdictionary”, “The Indonesian Journal of International Law” (Jurnal Hukum Internasional).

TENTANG PENULIS

filosofi, teori & instrumen dasar

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