estudio sobre la privacidad de los datos personales y la seguridad de la información en las redes...

8/7/2019 Estudio sobre la privacidad de los datos personales y la seguridad de la informacin en las redes sociales online

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Ckuwcwzw`Kbec`kbhgjWjek`h`dbugjhbE`fzkcebeck

Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù

yj}u`kbhju s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb

ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju `khckj

@MUJ]^BW@]C@ GJHB UJDZ]CGBG GJ HB CKN@]FBECK


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb = gj 2:


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb 5 gj 2: Gcuj` fjw`g`hdce`

2+7+2 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=4 Nbuj C+ @mwjkeck gj ckn`}fbeck s w}bmba` gj ebfy`2+7+= +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++59 Nbuj CC+ Y}èjgcfcjkw` gj bkhcucu gj hb ckn`}fbeck2+7+5 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++52 Nbuj CCC+ Nbuj gj }je`fjkgbec`kju s e`kehzuc`kju

2+: +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++5= Juw}zewz}b gj e`kwjkcgù= +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++57 UCWZBECK1 GJNCKCECK GJ HBU ]JGJU U@ECBHJU

=+2 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++57 Eb}bewj}cqbeck gj hbu }jgju uècbhju=+2+2 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++57 Nzkgbfjkwbeck wj}ceb=+2+= +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++57 @}cdjk s j~`hzeck=+2+5 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++5> Gjnckcec`kju


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb 7 gj 2:7 BKHCUCU GJ H@U BUYJEW@U FU ]JHJ^BKWJU S Y]@MHJFWCEB

JUYJENCEB GJ HBU ]JGJU U@ECBHJU

5+2++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++>:

Y}`wjeeck gjh Gj}jel` bh L`k`}( b hb Ckwcfcgbg Yj}u`kbh s Nbfchcb} s b hb

Y}`ycb Cfbdjk

5+2+2 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++>> Gjnckceck gjh gj}jel`5+2+= ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++>3 Fb}e` az}gce` byhcebmhj1 k`}fbwc~b s j~`hzeck hjdcuhbwc~b5+2+5

+++++++++++++++++++++++45 Yùcmhju }cjudù+ Ef` yzjgj ~j}uj bnjewbg` jh gj}jel` bh l`k`}( b hb

ckwcfcgbg yj}u`kbh s nbfchcb} s b hb y}`ycb cfbdjk jk zkb }jg uècbh0

5+2+7 ++++++++++++++++++++++4: E`hjewc~ù juyjecbhfjkwj ~zhkj}bmhju+ Fjk`}ju j ckebybeju+5+2+:

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++4< Fjgcgbu jfyhjbgbu yb}b y}`wjdj} jh gj}jel` bh l`k`}( b hb ckwcfcgbg s b hb

y}`ycb cfbdjk gj hù zuzb}cù

5+= ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb : gj 2:

Gjnckceck gjh gj}jel`

5+5+= ++++++++++++++++++++++++++294 Fb}e` az}gce` byhcebmhj1 k`}fbwc~b s j~`hzeck hjdcuhbwc~b5+5+5

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++222 Yùcmhju }cjudù+ Ef` yzjgjk ~j}uj bnjewbgù hù gj}jelù gj y}`ycjgbg

ckwjhjewzbh gj hù zuzb}cù jk zkb }jg uècbh0

5+5+7 +++++++++++++++++++++225 E`hjewc~ù juyjecbhfjkwj ~zhkj}bmhju+ Fjk`}ju j ckebybeju5+5+:

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++227 Fjgcgbu jfyhjbgbu yb}b y}`wjdj} hù gj}jelù gj y}`ycjgbg ckwjhjewzbh gj

hù zuzb}cù s gj wj}ej}ù

5+7 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++22> Y}`wjeeck gj hù E`kuzfcg`}ju s Zuzb}cù5+7+2 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++224 Gjnckceck gjh gj}jel`5+7+= ++++++++++++++++++++++++++224 Fb}e` az}gce` byhcebmhj1 k`}fbwc~b s j~`hzeck hjdcuhbwc~b5+7+5 ++++++++++2=9Yùcmhju }cjudù+ Ef` yzjgjk ~j}uj bnjewbgù juwù gj}jelù05+7+7 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++2== Ebuù Juyjecbhju+ Fjk`}ju gj jgbg j ckebybeju5+7+:

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++2=5 Fjgcgbu jfyhjbgbu yb}b y}`wjdj} hù gj}jelù gj hù e`kuzfcg`}ju s

zuzb}cù

7+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++2=:

Y]@YZJUWBU S ]JE@FJKGBEC@KJU GJ BEWZBECK GC]CDCGBU B H@U

BDJKWJU CKWJ]^CKCJKWJU JK HBU ]JGJU U@ECBHJU

7+2 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++2=> Y}`yzjuwbu s }je`fjkgbec`kju gc}cdcgbu b hb ckgzuw}cb7+2+2 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++2=> ]jgju uècbhju s yhbwbn`}fbu e`hbm`}bwc~bu7+2+= ++++++++++++++25=Nbm}cebkwju s y}`~jjg`}ju gj uj}~cecù gj ujdz}cgbg ckn`}fwceb7+2+5 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++25: Y}juwbg`}ju gj uj}~cecù gj beeju` b Ckwj}kjw ,CUY#

7+=++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++25>

Y}`yzjuwbu s }je`fjkgbec`kju gc}cdcgbu b hbu Bgfckcuw}bec`kju j Ckuwcwzec`kju

Ymhcebu

7+=+2 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++25> Gjugj jh yzkw` gj ~cuwb k`}fbwc~`7+=+=

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++253

Gjugj jh yzkw` gj ~cuwb jajezwc~` s bgfckcuw}bwc~`

7+=+5 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++279 Gjugj jh yzkw` gj ~cuwb n`}fbwc~` s gc~zhdbwc~`


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb > gj 2:


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb 4 gj 2:


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb < gj 2:


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb 2= gj 2:


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb 2: gj 2:+ ]juyjwb} h u gj}jelù gj beeju` s ebkejhbeck+

]je`fjkgbec`kju jk fbwj}cb gj n`}fbeck s e`kecjkecbeck

2+ Gjub}}`hh` ckwj}k` gj juybecù tjm gjgcebgù b y`kj} b gcuyùceck gj hù zuzb}cù

jh f|cf` s fu ehb}` yùcmhj kc~jh gj ckn`}fbeck }juyjew` bh w}bwbfcjkw` gj gbwù

yj}u`kbhju( hù ucuwjfbu yzmhcecwb}cù jfyhjbgù jk hb yhbwbn`}fb( hbu ucwzbec`kjugj }cjud` b hbu rzj uj yzjgjk jkn}jkwb}( bu e`f` gj hbu cfyhcebec`kju rzj yzjgjk

gj}c~b}uj gj hb yzmhcebeck gj e`kwjkcgù jk hb }jg uècbh+

=+ Yzjuwb b gcuyùceck gj hù zuzb}cù gj ckn }fbeck }jhbwc~b b hbu fjgcgbu gj

ujdz}cgbg rzj hb yhbwbn`}fb lb cfyhjfjkwbg` yb}b bewzb} jk ebu` gj rzj uj

y}`gzqeb hb ~zhkj}beck gj bhdzk` gj uzu gj}jelù+

5+ Wjkcjkg` jk ezjkwb rzj hb d}bk fbs }b gj zuzb}cù gj hbu }jgju uècbhju

djkj}bhcuwbu u`k fjk`}ju gj jgbg( }juzhwb nzkgbfjkwbh rzj hbu }jgju uècbhju syhbwbn`}fbu e`hbm`}bwc~bu( azkw` e`k hbu bzw`}cgbgju ymhcebu( buècbec`kju s

`}dbkcqbec`kju ezsb nckbhcgbg ujb hb y}`wjeeck gj juwj wcy` gj e`hjewc~ù( hhj~jk b

ebm` ckcecbwc~bu e`kazkwbu jkebfckbgbu b n`fjkwb} hb n`}fbeck jkw}j hù fjk`}ju s

wzw`}ju }juyjew` b hb ujdz}cgbg gj hù zuzb}cù( ck~juwcdbkg` hbu yùcmchcgbgju

wjek`hdcebu j|cuwjkwju yb}b h`d}b} hb cgjkwcncebeck gj hb jgbg gj hù zuzb}cù gjh

uj}~cec`+

7+ Y}`d}bfbu gj ~`hzkwb}cbg` gjkw}` gj hb jfy}jub yb}b e`hbm`}b} e`k hbu

ckuwcwzec`kju jue`hb}ju s ejkw}ù gj n`}fbeck e`k jh nck gj gcnzkgc} hb cfy`}wbkecb

gj hb ujdz}cgbg( bu e`f` yb}b ckn`}fb} u`m}j hbu y}ckecybhju }je`fjkgbec`kju b

wjkj} jk ezjkwb jk jh zu` gj juwj wcy` gj uj}~cecù+


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb 2> gj 2:+ Jh gjub}}`hh` gj byhcebec`kju }jf`wbu rzj yj}fcwbk jh e`kw}`h yhjk` y } yb}wj gj hù

wzw`}ju gj hù e`kwjkcgù s gj hbu `yj}bec`kju }jbhcqbgbu y`} hù fjk`}ju b w}b~u

gj Ckwj}kjw+

4+ Jh gjub}}`hh gj byhcebec`kju rzj yj}fcwbk b hbu yhbwbn`}fbu e`kw}`hb} hb jgbg gj hù

zuzb}cù rzj ckwjkwbk beejgj} bh uj}~cec`+


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb 2< gj 2:


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb =9 gj 2:+ Uj }je`fcjkgb k` yzmhceb} jk jh yj}nch gj zuzb}c` ckn`}fbeck gj e`kwbew` nuce`(

rzj yj}fcwb b ezbhrzcj} yj}u`kb e`kèj} gkgj ~c~j( gkgj w}bmbab ` juwzgcb

gcb}cbfjkwj ` hù hzdb}ju gj èc` rzj uzjhj n}jezjkwb}+

4+ B hù zuzb}cù gj lj}}bfcjkwbu gj fce}`mh`ddckd> uj }je`fcjkgb wjkj} juyjecbh

ezcgbg` }juyjew` b hb yzmhcebeck gj ckn`}fbeck }jhbwc~b b hù hzdb}ju jk rzj uj

jkezjkw}b jk w`g` f`fjkw`+

Juwj wcy` gj yhbwbn`}fbu mbubk uz uj}~cec` jk hb bewzbhcqbeck e`kuwbkwj gj hù yj}nchju gj zuzb}cù+ Fuckn`}fbeck1 Ebywzh` 5 gj juwj Juwzgc`+


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb =2 gj 2:+ Ucjfy}j rzj uj wjkdb ezbhrzcj} gzgb }juyjew` b bhdzkb ucwzbeck rzj uj gj}c~j

gjh zu` gj hbu }jgju uècbhju s lj}}bfcjkwbu e`hbm`}bwc~bu( gjmj y}jdzkwb}uj b

hù ybg}ju ` wzw`}ju+

24+ Uj gjmj fbkwjkj} jh `}gjkbg`} jk zkb q`kb e`fk gj hb ebub+

2+ E`kw}`hb} jh yj}nch gj zuzb}c` gjh fjk`}+

=4+ Bujdz}b}uj gj rzj jh fjk`} uh` beejgj b hbu ydckbu }je`fjkgbgbu yb}b uz

jgbg+

=


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb == gj 2:


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb =5 gj 2:


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb =: gj 2:


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb => gj 2:


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb =< gj 2: =(:

Mbhjb}ju 2(3 =(4

Ebkb}cbu 7(5 7(4

Ebkwbm}cb 2(7 2(5Ebuwchhb&Hb Fbkelb 5(9 =(3

Ebuwchhb s Hjk >(= :(7

Ebwbhzb 24(9 2 2(7

Dbhcecb >(7 7(:

Fbg}cg 2>(< 2

Fz}ecb =(= =(:

Kb~b}}b 2(9 2(7

Hb ]càb 9(7 9(4E`fzkcgbg ^bhjkecbkb 29(= 29(9

Nzjkwj1 CKWJE@

Bzkrzj hbu gju~cbec`kju jkw}j hb fzjuw}b `mwjkcgb s hb wj}ceb lbk ucg`

yjrzjbu( hb fzjuw}b uj lb jrzchcm}bg` bh zkc~j}u` jk mbuj b hù gbwù

y`mhbec`kbhju y`} e`fzkcgbg bzwk`fb( yb}b jh zkc~j}u` gjue}cw` bkwj}c`}fjkwj( s

b hbu ~b}cbmhju gj ez`wb( yb}b bhebkqb} zk bazuwj fu yj}njew`+

3Juwbu ez`wbu uj lbk `mwjkcg` gj gbwù }jy}jujkwbwc~ù b kc~jh kbec`kbh gj ckwj}kbzwbu fbs`}ju gj 2: bùrzj uj e`kjewbk fu gj zkb ~jq bh fju gjugj jh l`db} nbechcwbgù y`} ]jg+ju( jkwcgbg ymhceb jfy}jub}cbhgjh Fckcuwj}c` gj Ckgzuw}cb( E`fj}ec` s Wz}cuf`+ ,Hbu WCE jk hù l`db}ju juyb`hju1 22 @hjbgb&@ewzm}j=99>#+


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb =3 gj 2:(2

Azmchbg` =(4 5(9

@w}ù Ckbewc~ù =(7 7(>

Wbfb` l`db}

2 2:(75 =7(5 =(5

Lmcwbw

Lbuwb =9+999 = =5(7

Gj =:&5: 54(2 =

Mbuj fzjuw}b 6=+9 Nzjkwj1 CKWJE@

Ebywz}b gj ckn`}fbeck1 Jkw}j~cuwbu `khckj b yb}wc} gj zk ybkjh gj zuzb}cù gj

Ckwj}kjw e`k zk w`wbh =+9 jkezjuwbgù+

W}bmba` gj ebfy`1 ]jbhcqbg` jkw}j bm}ch s azkc` gj =99


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb 5: gj 2:


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb 5> gj 2:* gj hù ckwj}kbzwbu juyb`hju zwchcqb juwù uj}~cecù ,D}nce` 2#+

Byhcebkg` juwb y}`y`}eck b hù gbwù gj hb @hjbgb \\ gj ]jg+ju( jk hb rzj uj ujbhbrzj jkw}j jkj}` s fb}q` gj =99< zkù 24(> fchh`kju gj yj}u`kbu lbk zubg` Ckwj}kjw jk

jh hwcf` fju( jk Juybb uj ecn}b jk 4+

:5(7

Zub K` zub

Nzjkwj1 CKWJE@ b yb}wc} gj Zkc~j}ubh FeEbkk

Juwù kzj~ù uj}~cecù uj e`kncdz}bk e`f` y`gj}ùù ebkbhju gj e`fzkcebeck j

ckwj}beeck( rzj yj}fcwjk b hù zuzb}cù bewzb} e`f` d}zyù ujdfjkwbgù ,èc`(

e`fzkcebeck( y}`njuc`kbhcqbeck( jwe+#+ Hb ]jg uj e`ku`hcgb( y`} wbkw`( e`f` zk juybec`

yb}b n`}fb} }jhbec`kju( e`fzkcgbgju s `w}ù ucuwjfbu uècbhju jk hù rzj }cdjk k`}fbu

ucfchb}ju b hbu gjh fzkg` }jbh s jk hù rzj hb yb}wcecybeck juw f`wc~bgb y`} hb

}jyzwbeck( wbh e`f` èz}}j jk hb uècjgbg+

=+2+5 Gjnckcec`kju

Jh e`kejyw` gj }jg uècbh lb ucg` bfyhcbfjkwj bkbhcqbg` y`} y}`njuc`kbhju gj gcnj}jkwju

ujew`}ju( k` j|cuwcjkg` jk hb bewzbhcgbg zk e`kejyw` bmu`hzwbfjkwj ej}}bg` s bejywbg`

y`} w`gù jhhù+

2= Y`} jajfyh`( zk :9 * ujdk Qjg Gcdcwbh ,Jh njkfjk` gj hbu }jgju uècbhju+ Yj}ejyeck( zuù s yzmhcecgbg+K`~cjfm}j =99


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb 54 gj 2:+

Jk w}fckù djkj}bhju( jh e`kejyw` gj }jg uj zwchcqb yb}b lbej} }jnj}jkecb b gù

njkfjkù1 y`} zk hbg`( uj e`kucgj}bk }jgju w`gù hù e`kazkwù gj ckwj}beec`kju rzj uj

gbk gj n`}fb juy`kwkjb( s y`} jh `w}`( s juwj ju jh buyjew` rzj ckwj}jub gjuwbeb}( hbu}jgju y}jwjkgjk `}dbkcqb} jubu ckwj}beec`kju juy`kwkjbu e`k zk ecj}w` d}bg` gj

n`}fbhcgbg( jk jh ujkwcg` gj juwbmhjej} ckwj}juju( y}`mhjfwcebu( y}jdzkwbu s nckju

e`fzkju24+

Gbgb hb cfy`}wbkecb gj juwj njkfjk`( jh D}zy` Ckwj}kbec`kbh u`m}j y}`wjeeck gj gbwù

jk hbu Wjhje`fzkcebec`kju gj Mj}hk by}`m( jk uz }jzkck gjh 7 gj fb}q` gj =99


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb 5< gj 2:* wcjkj fu gj 299+ Uh` zk` gj ebgb ecke` ,zk =2(:*#

wcjkj fjkù gj 29( h` rzj gb zkb cgjb gjh kc~jh gj gcuyj}uck s hb ~jhècgbg gj

yjkjw}beck rzj wcjkjk juwù uj}~cecù+

23lwwy1ttt+jkcub+jz}`yb+jzgèygngjhc~j}bmhjujkcubPyyPuècbhPkjwt`}ou+ygn=9 Ezbkg` uj lbmhb gj ~c}bhcgbg }juyjew` b hbu }jgju uècbhju( uj lbej }jnj}jkecb b hb ebybecgbg rzj wcjkjkjuwj wcy` gj }jgju yb}b h`d}b} jh f|cf` e}jecfcjkw` jk kfj}` gj zuzb}cù( jk jh fjk`} wcjfy` yùcmhj+ Ujw}bwb gj zk e`kejyw` rzj uj jkezjkw}b gc}jewbfjkwj }jhbec`kbg` e`k jh fb}ojwckd+
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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb 53 gj 2:*

Fjkù gj 29 Gj 29 b :9 Gj :2 b 299 Fu gj 299

Nzjkwj1 CKWJE@ b yb}wc} gj Qjg Gcdcwbh

@n}jejk byhcebec`kju s nzkec`kbhcgbgju gc~j}ubu( jkw}j `w}bu1 bewzbhcqbec`kju

bzw`fwcebu gj hb hcm}jwb gj gc}jeec`kju gj hbu ezjkwbu gj e`}}j` jhjew}kce`(yj}nchju ymhceù s ~cucmhju yb}b w`gù hù ~cucwbkwju( hb ebybecgbg gj e}jb} kzj~ù

e`kwbewù fjgcbkwj uj}~cecù gj y}jujkwbecks `w}bu n`}fbu gj e`kj|ck uècbh jk

hkjb+ Juwbu byhcebec`kju uj nzkgbfjkwbk jk w}ju ~b}cbmhju e`kècgbu e`f` hbu

5Eu1

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` E`fzkcgbg,bszgbk b jke`kw}b} j ckwjd}b} e`fzkcgbgju#+

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Zk `majwc~` gj hbu }jgju uècbhju uj ejkw}b jk e`kujdzc} rzj uzu fcjfm}ù zwchcejk jh

fjgc` `khckj yb}b e`k~èb} bewù s beec`kju rzj wjkdbk jnjewù jk jh fzkg`

`nnhckj+ Mzjk jajfyh` gj juwb ec}ezkuwbkecb u`k hbu ]jgju Uècbhju gj E`fy}bu( jk

hbu rzj hù zuzb}cù yzjgjk y`kj} jk e`fk uzu `yckc`kju( dzuwù s j|yj}cjkecbu

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wcy` gj }jgju yj}fcwj wbfmck rzj hù zuzb}cù }jecmbk }je`fjkgbec`kju yb}b }jbhcqb}

bewc~cgbgju jk uz ~cgb e`wcgcbkb ,}je`fjkgbec`kju gj èc`( dbuw}`kfcebu( jwe+# ujdk

hbu y}jnj}jkecbu gjh zuzb}c`+


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}jy}jujkwbwc~` gjkw}` gjh d}zy` gj }jgju uècbhju gj èc`+

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rzj `n}jqebk ebgb ~jq zk fbs`} kfj}` gj yùcmchcgbgju( h` rzj( zkcg` b uz cgcùcke}bucb

juw uzuwcwzsjkg` bh zu` gj lj}}bfcjkwbu gj e`fzkcebeck w}bgcec`kbhju jk Ckwj}kjw+

Juwj wcy` gj }jgju e`k n}jezjkecb uj jkezjkw}b gc}cdcg` b wjfwcebu e`ke}jwbu( e}jbkg`

d}bkgju e`fzkcgbgju gj zuzb}cù e`k bhwù kc~jhju gj juyjecbhcqbeck jk gjwj}fckbgù

wjfbu+ Gj juwj f`g`( uj e`kuwcwzsjk e`f` nzjkwju gj ckn`}fbeck s e`kècfcjkw`=4+

]jgju gj fce}`mh`ddckd ` kbk`mh`ddckd

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bewzbhcqbeck e`kuwbkwj gj hù yj}nchju gj hù zuzb}cù fjgcbkwj yjrzjù fjkubaju gj

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}jbhcqbkg` jk juj f`fjkw`( cfy}juc`kju( yjkubfcjkwù( yzmhcebec`kju( jwe+

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yzmhcebgbu jk hb ydckb tjm gj ujdzcfcjkw` gj `w}ù zuzb}cù+

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e`khhj~bk zkb ckwj}beeck jkw}j hù zuzb}cù gj hb fcufb+ uwb uj hcfcwb bh jk~` gj

fjkubaju gj wj|w` `( b h` uzf`( b hb bewzbhcqbeck gj hù yj}nchju fjgcbkwj jh zu` gjn`w`d}bnbu e`fjkwbgbu( by}`~jelbkg` rzj hù gcuyùcwc~ù f~chju bewzbhju gcuy`kjk gj

efb}bu n`w`d}ncebu s e`kj|ck b Ckwj}kjw+

=: Ebmj gjuwbeb} rzj jk hb d}bk fbs`}b gj hbu yhbwbn`}fbu gj ckwj}ebfmc` gj e`kwjkcgù e`f` S`zwzmj(Gj~cbkB}w ` N`w`h`d( uj y`kjk b gcuyùceck gj hù zuzb}cù hù ce`kù gj beeju` gc}jew` b hbu y}ckecybhju}jgju uècbhju+=> Bu h` gjwj}fckb jh juwzgc` }jecjkwjfjkwj yzmhcebg` y`} jh Gcb}c` Hj F`kgj( ]ujbz| uècbz|1 gjubzgcjkeju gcnn}jkwju ujh`k hju e`kwckjkwu+ Jk gcel` ckn`}fj uj by}jecb ehb}bfjkwj e`f` hbu }jgju uècbhjufu ~cucwbgbu jk ebgb zk` gj hù e`kwckjkwju u`k hbu }jgju uècbhju mbubgbu jk yj}nchju wbhju e`f`FsUybej( Nbejm`ò( Wzjkwc( N}cjkguwj}( Kjwh`d( Mjm`+=4 Jajfyhù gj juwj wcy` gj yhbwbn`}fbu u`k1 Gj~cbkb}w ,j|yùcec`kju ~c}wzbhju gj n`w`d}bnb# ` Fsb}wckn`+e`f,`m}bu yhuwcebu#( F`wj}zu ,}zwbu jk f`w` y`} Juybb s e`fyb}bwc~bu gj f`wù#+
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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb 75 gj 2:*

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}juy`kubmchcgbg+


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb 73 gj 2:1 Gcuw}cmzeck dj`d}nceb gjh kjdèc` gj hbu }jgju uècbhju jk =994 ,*#

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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb :9 gj 2:7 ;>:

Nzjkwj1 CKWJE@

Y`} `w}` hbg`( }juyjew` bh kc~jh gj juwzgcù( uj e`kuwbwb rzj jh zu` gj hbu }jgju uècbhju

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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb :2 gj 2:*

7*

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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb := gj 2:


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb :5 gj 2:9* 49* Sbl`` ckwjkwb}b e`fy}b}hb s lbuwb rzj(jk jh b` =99* gj uzu beec`kb}cbg`( lbecjkg` uzmc} jh ~bh`} gj Nbejm`ò lbuwbhù 2:+999 fchh`kju gj ghb}ju+


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb :: gj 2:


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb :4 gj 2:


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb :< gj 2:


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb :3 gj 2:=(2*+

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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb >= gj 2:99 ydckbu tjmu

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gjugj hù kb~jdbg`}ju gj hù zuzb}cù+

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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb >5 gj 2:( h` rzj k` j}b ckcecbhfjkwj zk }jrzcucw`( yzjuw` rzj

y}jwjkgbk hb yzjuwb jk e`kwbew` gjh fbs`} kfj}` gj y}`njuc`kbhju yùcmhj+

:: Ujdk ckn`}fbeck `ncecbh yzmhcebgb y`} Nbejm`ò( jh kfj}` bewzbh gj zuzb}cù bhebkqb hù 229 fchh`kju(fcjkw}bu rzj hb }jg uècbh y}`njuc`kbh \ckd bhebkqb( b njelb gj juwj ckn`}fj( fu gj :+999+999 gjzuzb}cù+:> Fu ckn`}fbeck jk1 lwwy1ttt+ja`z}kbh+zkbf+f|}fu=99:&2]FU99:999297+ygn
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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb >7 gj 2:


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb >: gj 2:


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb >> gj 2:


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb >4 gj 2:


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb 49 gj 2:= rzj

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y}`wjeeck gj hb y}c~becgbg jk }jhbeck e`k hbu wjek`h`dbu gj hb ckn`}fbeck s hbu

e`fzkcebec`kju+ N}jkwj b hb juebub ~c}wzbhcgbg gj `w}ù wj|wù Ckwj}kbec`kbhju( jh

E`k~jkc` gj 23:9 lb }juzhwbg` yb}wcezhb}fjkwj jncebq jk jh fmcw` gj hb y}`wjeeck gj

hù gj}jelù lzfbkù jk brzjhhù juwbgù rzj lbk bejywbg` uj} ~ckezhbgù y`} uzu

fbkgbwù+

Hb cfy`}wbkecb gjh E`k~jkc` yb}b jh @}gjkbfcjkw` az}gce` kbec`kbh gj}c~b gj uz g`mhj

kbwz}bhjqb e`f` k`}fb cke`}y`}bgb bh Gj}jel` juyb`h y`} hb ~b y}j~cuwb gjh b}wezh` 3>

gj hb E`kuwcwzeck Juyb`hb s e`f` e}cwj}c` gj ckwj}y}jwbeck gj hù gj}jelù

nzkgbfjkwbhju b hb hzq gj h` gcuyzjuw` y`} jh b}w+ 29+= gj hb E`kuwcwzeck+ Juwb g`mhj

kbwz}bhjqb uj gjab ujkwc} jk hù jnjewù gj hbu ujkwjkecbu jfbkbgbu gjh W}cmzkbh Jz}`yj`

gj Gj}jelù Lzfbkù jk byhcebeck gjh E`k~jkc` sb rzj( gj zk hbg`( y}`gzejk jnjewù

az}gceù jk jh `}gjkbfcjkw` ckwj}k`( s gj `w}`( lbk ~jkcg` ckuyc}bkg` hb hbm`} gjh W}cmzkbhE`kuwcwzec`kbh jk hb ckwj}y}jwbeck gj hù gj}jelù nzkgbfjkwbhju+

Jk jh fmcw` e`fzkcwb}c`( gjmj wjkj}uj jk ezjkwb h` gcuyzjuw` jk hb Eb}wb gj hù

Gj}jelù Nzkgbfjkwbhju gj hb Zkck Jz}`yjb( gj 4 gj gcecjfm}j gj =999 ,=999/E

5>7/92#>5 g`kgj uj gcuy`kj rzj W`gb yj}u`kb wcjkj gj}jel` bh }juyjw` gj uz ~cgb

y}c~bgb s nbfchcb}( gj uz g`fcechc` s gj uzu e`fzkcebec`kju+

Gj cdzbh n`}fb( jk hb Eb}wb Jz}`yjb gj Gj}jelù gjh Kc` ,]ju`hzeck gjh

Yb}hbfjkw` Jz}`yj` B5&924=/3= gj < gj azhc` gj 233=# uj gjehb}b rzj W`g` kc`

>= Jh E`k~jkc` gj ]`fb gj 23:9 }jdzhb jh gj}jel` b hb ~cgb y}c~bgb jk uz b}wezh` < jk hù ucdzcjkwjuw}fckù1

Gj}jel` bh }juyjw` b hb ~cgb y}c~bgb s nbfchcb}

2+ W`gb yj}u`kb wcjkj gj}jel` bh }juyjw` gj uz ~cgb y}c~bgb s nbfchcb}( gj uz g`fcechc` s gj uze`}}juy`kgjkecb+

=+ K` y`g} lbmj} ckaj}jkecb gj hb bzw`}cgbg ymhceb jk jh jaj}ecec` gj juwj gj}jel`( uck` jk wbkw` jk ezbkw`juwb ckaj}jkecb juw y}j~cuwb y`} hb hjs s e`kuwcwzsb zkb fjgcgb rzj( jk zkb uècjgbg gjfè}wceb( ujbkjejub}cb yb}b hb ujdz}cgbg kbec`kbh( hb ujdz}cgbg ymhceb( jh mcjkjuwb} je`kfce` gjh ybu( hb gjnjkub gjh`}gjk s hb y}j~jkeck gjh gjhcw`( hb y}`wjeeck gj hb ubhzg ` gj hb f`}bh( ` hb y}`wjeeck gj hù gj}jelù s hbuhcmj}wbgju gj hù gjfu+

E`k~jkc` gj ]`fb gj 7 gj k`~cjfm}j gj 23:9( yb}b hb Y}`wjeeck gj hù Gj}jelù Lzfbkù s gj hbuHcmj}wbgju Nzkgbfjkwbhju+ Ckuw}zfjkw` gj ]bwcncebeck gj => gj ujywcjfm}j gj 2343+>5 Yzmhcebgb jk jh Gcb}c` @ncecbh gj hbu E`fzkcgbgju Jz}`yjbu jh 2< gj gcecjfm}j gj =999+


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>7 Yzjgjk ecwb}uj( jk zkb hcuwb k` j|lbzuwc~b( jkw}j `w}bu1 Nbc} E}jgcw ]jy`}wckd Bew ,NE]B#( 2: Z+U+E+ 2>


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azkc` gj 233>#+ Juwb k`}fb }jdzhb gj n`}fb j|y}jub w`gù hù buyjewù }jhbec`kbgù

e`k hb yzmhcebeck jk Ckwj}kjw gj e`kwjkcgù ~c`hjkwù s` y`}k`d}nceù rzj yzjgbk

gbb} hb wceb s hb f`}bh gj hbu yj}u`kbu( juwbmhjecjkg` hb y}`wjeeck gj hù CUY

}juyjew` b hù e`kwjkcgù yzmhcebgù y`} wj}ej}ù+

Elchg}jk$u @khckj Y}c~bes Y}`wjewc`k Bew gj 233< ,Hjs gj Y}c~becgbg yb}b hb

Bewc~cgbg gj hù Fjk`}ju jk hb ]jg#( g`kgj uj juwbmhjej hb }jdzhbeck juyjenceb

}juyjew` b brzjhhù bewù jkebfckbgù b `mwjkj} ckn`}fbeck ` jkdbb} b hù

fjk`}ju( ezbkg` uwù uj jkezjkw}jk jk jh fjgc` `khckj+

Jk fbwj}cb gj ckwcfcgbg( ju kjejub}c` wjkj} jk ezjkwb hb gjk`fckbgb ZUB Ybw}c`w Bew

,ZYB#by}`mbgb jh gb =7 gj èwzm}j gj =992( w}bu hù bwjkwbgù gjh 22 gj ujywcjfm}j+

Gcelb k`}fb uzy`kj zkb ehb}b hcfcwbeck gjh gj}jel` b hb ckwcfcgbg yj}u`kbh s nbfchcb} s

bh uje}jw` gj hbu e`fzkcebec`kju gj ezbhrzcj} yj}u`kb rzj uj jkezjkw}j jk hù Juwbgù

Zkcgù( gbg` rzj jh D`mcj}k` Njgj}bh ezjkwb e`k yhjkù y`gj}ju yb}b ckwj}~jkc}

ezbhrzcj} wcy` gj e`fzkcebeck( ckwj}kb ` j|wj}kb( gj e`}}j` jhjew}kce`( e`k~j}ubeck

wjhjnkceb( sb ujbk fjkubaju gj ~`q ` wj|w`( hù lcuw}ceù gj kb~jdbeck tjm( bu e`f`gj e`kuzhwbu jk hù y}ckecybhju mzuebg`}ju gj Ckwj}kjw+ W`g` jhh` wcjkj e`f` nckbhcgbg

bzfjkwb} jh d}bg` gj ujdz}cgbg gjh Juwbg` n}jkwj b bewù gj gjhckezjkecb `}dbkcqbgb s

wj}}`}cuf`+

K`}fbwc~b kbec`kbh

B kc~jh kbec`kbh jh }je`kècfcjkw` k`}fbwc~` gjh gj}jel` bh l`k`}( b hb ckwcfcgbg yj}u`kbh

s nbfchcb} s b hb y}`ycb cfbdjk uj e`kubd}bmb jk jh b}wezh` 2


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Y}`wjeeck Az}gceb gjh Fjk`}( gj f`gcncebeck yb}ecbh gjh Egcd` Ec~ch s gj hb Hjs gj

Jkazcecbfcjkw` Ec~ch( rzj bgjfu gj }je`kèj} bh fjk`} hù gj}jelù gjh b}wezh` 2< EJ(

juwbmhjej hb ckwj}~jkeck gjh Fckcuwj}c` Ncuebh jk hù ebuù gj gcnzuck gj ckn`}fbeck ` hb

zwchcqbeck gj cfdjkju ` k`fm}j gj hù fjk`}ju jk hù fjgcù gj e`fzkcebeck rzj

yzjgbk cfyhceb} zkb ckw}`fcuck chjdwcfb jk uz ckwcfcgbg( l`k}b ` }jyzwbeck( ` rzj ujb

e`kw}b}cb b uzu ckwj}juju+ Bucfcuf`( jh y}jejyw` `}gjkb b hù ybg}ju ` wzw`}ju s hù

y`gj}ju ymhceù }juyjwb} juwù gj}jelù s y}`wjdj}hù n}jkwj b yùcmhju bwbrzju gjwj}ej}ù+

Ju j~cgjkwj rzj hb }jbhcgbg gj hbu }jgju uècbhju gjum`}gb hb }jdzhbeck s `mhcdb b zkb

ckwj}y}jwbeck ucuwjfwceb s bgjezbgb gjh `}gjkbfcjkw`+ Y`} zkb yb}wj( hù fjk`}ju gj

27 bù ezjkwbk e`k fjgcù wjek`hdceù uzncecjkwju yb}b `mwjkj}( ebywb} s }jy}`gzec}

ckn`}fbeck rzj bnjewb b uz l`k`}( ckwcfcgbg j cfbdjk s hb gj wj}ej}ù( s gj ljel` h`

lbejk+ Hbu n`w`d}bnbu gj fjk`}ju y}`hcnj}bk jk Ckwj}kjw jk juybecù y}`ycù( jk ydckbu

nbfchcb}ju j ckehzu` ~ckezhbgbu b bewc~cgbgju jue`hb}ju+

Uj yzjgj gjuwbeb} rzj hù }cjudù juyjenceù yb}b hù fjk`}ju gj jgbg jk juwbfbwj}cb juwk gc}jewbfjkwj }jhbec`kbgù e`k1

Jh beeju` b e`kwjkcgù yzmhcebgù gj eb}ewj} ckby}`ycbg` yb}b uz jgbg+

Hb yùcmchcgbg gj jkwbmhb} e`kwbew` `khckj( j ckehzu` y}jujkecbhfjkwj( e`k zuzb}cù

fbhckwjkec`kbgù+

Hb y}`hcnj}beck gj ckn`}fbeck yj}u`kbh d}nceb gj hù fjk`}ju yzmhcebgb y`} jhhù

fcufù ` y`} wj}ej}ù e`k gjue`kècfcjkw` gj hù }cjudù buècbgù+

Jk juwj ujkwcg`( ebmj gjuwbeb} rzj hbu }jgju uècbhju s hù ucwcù tjm e`hbm`}bwc~ù( jk hb

fjgcgb jk rzj k` wcjkjk ebybecgbg gj e`kw}`h u`m}j hbu yzmhcebec`kju rzj }jbhcqbk hù


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ckgceb rzj jh jfy}jub}c` yzjgb hhjdb} b e`kw}`hb} j ckehzu` hcfcwb} jh beeju`(

bfyb}kgùj jk jh y`gj} gj gc}jeeck gcuyzjuw` jk jh b}w+ =9+5 gjh Juwbwzw` gj hù

W}bmbabg`}ju ucjfy}j rzj uj }jkbk ecj}wbu e`kgcec`kju>>+

>:lwwy1ttt+jkcub+jz}`yb+jzgèygngjhc~j}bmhjuelchg}jkP`kP~c}wzbhPt`}hgu+ygn>> ]jez}u` ZKCNCEBECK G@EW]CKB 3>>=99>( Ujkwjkecb gj =>93=994 gjh W}cmzkbh Uzy}jf` gcej1 Jhe`kw}`h gjh zu` gjh `}gjkbg`} nbechcwbg` bh w}bmbabg`} y`} jh jfy}jub}c` k` uj }jdzhb y`} jh b}wezh` 2< gjh
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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb 4 Ckn`}fj gj hb Bdjkecb Juyb`hb gj Y}`wjeeck gj Gbwù 5=4=995+lwwyu1ttt+bdyg+juy`}wbhtjmebkbhgèzfjkwbec`kckn`}fjuPaz}cgceù`w}buPezjuwc`kjue`ff`kygnu=995&95=4PEb}&bb&ewj}&gj&gbw`&yj}u`kbh&gj&hb&gc}jeec&``&k&CY+ygn>< Gcewbfjk u`m}j jh e`kejyw` gj gbwù yj}u`kbhju+ Jh D}zy` gj w}bmba` e`kucgj}b hbu gc}jeec`kju CY e`f`gbwù u`m}j zkb yj}u`kb cgjkwcncebmhj+ Jk juj ujkwcg` lb gjehb}bg` rzj hù y}`~jjg`}ju gj beeju` bCkwj}kjw s hù bgfckcuw}bg`}ju gj }jgju hèbhju yzjgjk cgjkwcnceb} y`} fjgcù }bq`kbmhju b hùzuzb}cù gjCkwj}kjw b hù rzj lbk bucdkbg` gc}jeec`kju CY( yzju }jdcuw}bkucuwjfwcebfjkwj jk zk ncelj}` hb njelb( hb

l`}b( hb gz}beck s hb gc}jeeck CYgckfceb bucdkbgb bh zuzb}c` gj Ckwj}kjw+ H` fcuf` yzjgj gjec}uj gj hùy}`~jjg`}jugj uj}~cecù gj Ckwj}kjw rzj fbkwcjkjk zk ncelj}` }jdcuw}` jk jh uj}~cg`} LWWY+ Jkjuwù ebuù(k` ebmj gzgb gj rzj uj yzjgj lbmhb} gj gbwù gj eb}ewj} yj}u`kbh jk jh ujkwcg` gj hb hjw}b b# gjh b}wezh` =gj hb Gc}jewc~b ,lwwy1je+jz}`yb+jzazuwcejPl`fjnuay}c~besgèutygèu=994ty25>Pju+ygn+
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` jh Fb}e` gj Y}c~becgbg gj BYJE(42 lbejk rzj hù y}ckecycù muceù rzj }cdjk hbu

k`}fbwc~bu ujbk ujfjabkwju ` by}`|cfbgù jk ebgb zk` gj hù Juwbgù( uck rzj jhh`

uzy`kdb rzj uj jkezjkw}jk j|jkwbu gj gcnj}jkecbu+

K`}fbwc~b jz}`yjb

Gjh fcuf` f`g` rzj èz}}cj}b e`k jh gjub}}`hh` gjh gj}jel` b hb ~cgb y}c~bgb( jh E`kuja`

gj Jz}`yb jk jh E`k~jkc` kf+ 29


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb 39 gj 2:/=994( gj =< gj gcecjfm}j( gj Fjgcgbu gj Cfyzhu` gj hb Uècjgbg gj hb

Ckn`}fbeck+

Gj e`kn`}fcgbg e`k h` gcuyzjuw` jk hb Hjs @}dkceb 2:/2333( gj 25 gj gcecjfm}j( gj

Y}`wjeeck gj Gbwù gj Eb}ewj} Yj}u`kbh ,H@YG#( jh `majw` gj hb k`}fb judb}bkwcqb} s y}`wjdj}( jk h` rzj e`kecj}kj bh w}bwbfcjkw` gj hù gbwù yj}u`kbhju( hbu


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb 293 gj 2:( gj 2= gj bm}ch( y`} jh rzj uj by}zjmb jh Wj|w`

]jnzkgcg` gj hb Hjs gj Y}`ycjgbg Ckwjhjewzbh ,HYC#( }jdzhb}cqbkg`( behb}bkg` s

b}f`kcqbkg` hbu gcuyùcec`kju hjdbhju ~cdjkwju u`m}j hb fbwj}cb( f`gcncebg` y`} hb

Hjs =5=99>(gj 4 gj azhc`+

Hjs 57/=99=( gj 22 gj azhc`( gj Uj}~cecù gj hb Uècjgbg gj hb Ckn`}fbeck s gj

E`fj}ec` Jhjew}kce` ,HUUC&EJ#+

Hjs :>/=994( gj =< gj gcecjfm}j( gj Fjgcgbu gj Cfyzhu` gj hb Uècjgbg gj hb

Ckn`}fbeck ,HCUC#+

Hjs @}dkceb 2:/=995( gj =: gj k`~cjfm}j( y`} hb rzj uj f`gcnceb hb Hjs

@}dkceb 29/233:( gj =5 gj k`~cjfm}j( gjh Egcd` Yjkbh+

3< Gcuy`kcmhj jh wj|w` e`fyhjw` gj hb Gc}jewc~b =992=3EJ
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Ckwjhjewzbh j Ckgzuw}cbh w}bu hb }jn`}fb gj hb Hjs @}dkceb 2:=995 33( g`kgj uj gcuy`kj

rzj jh ckwj}ebfmc` gj b}elc~ù b w}b~u gj }jgju Y=Y k` ju e`kuwcwzwc~`( jk y}ckecyc`( gjhù }jrzcucwù kjejub}cù yb}b y`gj} uj} ebwbh`dbg` e`f` zk gjhcw` e`kw}b hb y}`ycjgbg

ckwjhjewzbh( uck yj}azcec` gj rzj yzjgb }jzkc} hù }jrzcucwù yb}b uj} e`kucgj}bg` zk checw`

ec~ch+

Jh jhjfjkw` ehb~j yb}b gjwj}fckb} hb j|cuwjkecb gj juwb ucwzbeck( ju rzj jk y}ckecyc` k`

j|cuwb zk kcf` gj hze}` gc}jewbfjkwj }jhbec`kbg` e`k hb bewc~cgbg( }jrzcucw` jujkecbh

gcuyzjuw` y`} hb k`}fbwc~b ~cdjkwj yb}b y`gj} uj} e`kucgj}bg` gjhcw`+ K` `muwbkwj( uj

juwbmhjej rzj gjmj} bwjkgj}uj b hbu ec}ezkuwbkecbu e`ke}jwbu gj ebgb ebu`+

5+5+5 Yùcmhju }cjudù+ Ef` yzjgjk ~j}uj bnjewbgù hù gj}jelù gj

y}`ycjgbg ckwjhjewzbh gj hù zuzb}cù jk zkb }jg uècbh0

Gjugj jh yzkw` gj ~cuwb gj hù yùcmhju }cjudù rzj uj yzjgjk y}`gzec} e`kw}b hb

y}`wjeeck gj hb y}`ycjgbg ckwjhjewzbh jk Ckwj}kjw( jk djkj}bh( s jk hù uj}~cecù gj }jgju

uècbhju s yhbwbn`}fbu e`hbm`}bwc~bu( jk yb}wcezhb}( gjmjk gcnj}jkecb}uj gù ucwzbec`kju

jk }cdjk1

Gj zk hbg`( ef` uj ~jk bnjewbgù hù e`kwjkcgù rzj u`k wcwzhb}cgbg gj wj}ej}ù s

rzj jh zuzb}c` gjecgj yzmhceb} gjkw}` gj hb }jg uècbh uck bzw`}cqbeck gj hù wcwzhb}ju

gjh gj}jel` gj y}`ycjgbg ckwjhjewzbh+

Gj `w}` hbg`( hbu cfyhcebec`kju az}gcebu u`m}j hbu `m}bu rzj ujbk wcwzhb}cgbg gj hù

y}`ycù zuzb}cù s rzj uwù gjecgjk e`fyb}wc} ` lbej} ymhcebu b w}b~u gj juwbu

}jgju s yhbwbn`}fbu+

Yb}wcjkg` gj juwbu e`kucgj}bec`kju( uj bkbhcqbk hù yùcmhju }cjudù yb}b hb y}`ycjgbg

ckwjhjewzbh bwjkgcjkg` e`f` uj lb ljel` b h` hb}d` gjh Juwzgc`& b w}ju f`fjkwù ehb~j

jk hb ~cgb gj ezbhrzcj} zuzb}c` jk zkb }jg uècbh1 nbuj ckcecbh gj }jdcuw}`( nbuj gj

yb}wcecybeck gjh zuzb}c` jk hb }jg uècbh s nbuj gj mbab gjh uj}~cec`+

Bu( jh y}cfj} f`fjkw` e}wce` yb}b hb y}`wjeeck gj hù gj}jelù gj y}`ycjgbg ckwjhjewzbh

}juyjew` b hù e`kwjkcgù s `m}bu jhbm`}bgbu uj jkezjkw}b jk hb nbuj ckcecbh gj }jdcuw}`

gjh zuzb}c`( f`fjkw` jk jh rzj uwj bejywb hbu e`kgcec`kju gj zu` rzj jk y}ckecyc`

}jdc}k w`gb uz }jhbeck e`k hb yhbwbn`}fb+ Jh zuzb}c` gjmj hjj}( e`fy}jkgj} s bejywb}

j|y}jubfjkwj hbu e`kgcec`kju gj zu` gj hb yhbwbn`}fb+

Bzkrzj yzgcj}b yb}jej} rzj juwj ljel` k` }j~cuwj juyjecbh cfy`}wbkecb }juzhwb jujkecbh(

jk hb fjgcgb jk rzj hù zuzb}cù bejywbk e`k n}jezjkecb e`kgcec`kju gj zu` }jhbwc~bu b

33 Yb}b fu ckn`}fbeck yzjgj gjueb}db} hb Ec}ezhb} gj hb Ncuebhb Djkj}bh gjh Juwbg` gjugj jh ucwc` tjm1ttt+ncuebh+juncuebhyzmhce
http://www.fiscal.es/fiscal/publichttp://www.fiscal.es/fiscal/publichttp://www.fiscal.es/fiscal/public


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb 225 gj 2:( gj 2= gj bm}ch( y`} jh rzj uj by}zjmb jh Wj|w` ]jnzkgcg` gj hb Hjs gj Y}`ycjgbgCkwjhjewzbh ,HYC# k` juwbmhjej kckdzkb juyjecbhcgbg }juyjew` b hù fjk`}ju s jh gj}jel`

gj bzw`}b( yzgcjkg` uj} bzw`} gj zkb `m}b gj y}`ycjgbg ckwjhjewzbh ezbhrzcj} yj}u`kb(

e`k ckgjyjkgjkecb gj uz jgbg+

Uck jfmb}d`( uj lb gj wjkj} jk ezjkwb rzj hb k`}fbwc~b gcuy`kj rzj Hù bzw`}ju

fjk`}ju gj gcjecèl` bù s fbs`}ju gj gcjecucu( rzj ~c~bk gj n`}fb ckgjyjkgcjkwj

e`k e`kujkwcfcjkw` gj uzu ybg}ju ` wzw`}ju ` e`k bzw`}cqbeck gj hb yj}u`kb ` ckuwcwzeck

rzj hù wjkdbk b uz eb}d`( wcjkjk yhjkb ebybecgbg yb}b ejgj} gj}jelù gj j|yh`wbeck+

Uj} y`} wbkw` kjejub}c` rzj brzjhhbu yhbwbn`}fbu rzj bejywbk jh }jdcuw}` gj fjk`}ju gj

2< bù( u`hcecwjk b uwù rzj bzwjkwcrzjk uz fbs`}b gj jgbg `( jk uz ebu`( rzj ~c~jk

gj n`}fb ckgjyjkgcjkwj e`kn`}fj b hù }jrzcucwù gcuyzjuwù jk hb hjdcuhbeck ~cdjkwj+

@w}ù uzyzjuwù1 W}bmbabg`}ju

Y`} h` rzj }juyjewb b hù w}bmbabg`}ju( hb HYC juwbmhjej jk uzu b}wezhù :2299,}juyjew`

b hbu }jhbec`kju hbm`}bhju# s 34 ,y}`d}bfbu gj `}gjkbg`}# hbu y}j~cuc`kju yb}b hb

299 Ujkwjkecb gj hb Ubhb gj h` Ec~ch gjh W}cmzkbh Uzy}jf` gj =3 gj Fb}q` gj =992( lb ucg` ehb}` ezbkg` lbbnc}fbg` rzj b yb}wc} gjh b}w+ :2 HYC rzj hb e}jbeck s ejuck gj zkb `m}b gj bzw`} uj yzjgj hhj~b} b ebm` y`}fjgc` gjh e`kw}bw` gj w}bmba` s e`k uzajeck b hb hjdcuhbeck hbm`}bh? gj wbh n`}fb rzj ezbkg` jh }juzhwbg` gjhw}bmba` ju zkb `m}b gj bzw`} hb ejuck gj uwj k` wcjkj y`} rz bmb}eb} b hb ckwjd}cgbg gj hù gj}jelù gj


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb 22: gj 2:+ Y}`fzucebj+297 Yb}b fu ckn`}fbeck( beejgb b E`kuzfj} J}ùoc Wjek`h`dbu gj hb Ckn`}fbeck+
http://www.asimelec.es/media/Proyectos/Informe%20Contenidos%20Digitales/Informe_2008_Industria_Contenidos_Digitales.pdfhttp://www.consumer.es/web/es/tecnologia/2008/10/07/180578.phphttp://www.consumer.es/web/es/tecnologia/2008/10/07/180578.phphttp://www.consumer.es/web/es/tecnologia/2008/10/07/180578.phphttp://www.asimelec.es/media/Proyectos/Informe%20Contenidos%20Digitales/Informe_2008_Industria_Contenidos_Digitales.pdf


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb 22> gj 2: gj bm}ch gj =99:(29: rzj uj mbub jk hb hzelb

e`kw}b hb yc}bwj}b+ Bu y`} jajfyh`( uj juwk ejkw}bkg` jk hbu yhbwbn`}fbu gj

e`fyb}wceck chjdbh gj e`kwjkcgù+

Hb Ckgzuw}cb Gcue`d}nceb s Bzgc`~cuzbh lb n`}fbg` h` rzj jhhù fcufù lbk ~jkcg` b

gjk`fckb} Hb E`bhceck( n`}fbgb y`} UDBJ( Y}`fzucebj ,BCJ s BDJGC#( Njgj}beck

yb}b hb Y}`wjeeck gj hb Y}`ycjgbg Ckwjhjewzbh( hb Buècbeck gj Gcuw}cmzcg`}ju

Eckjfbw`d}nceù ,BGCEBK#( hb Buècbeck gj Gcuw}cmzcg`}ju gj ^gjù ,BGC^BK# s

JDJGB( ezsb nckbhcgbg juw jk n`fjkwb} hb y}`wjeeck gj hù gj}jelù gj hù bzw`}ju rzj}jy}jujkwbk( fùw}bkg` juyjecbh bwjkeck b hbu ~zhkj}bec`kju rzj wcjkjk uz `}cdjk jk hù

uj}~cecù gj hb Uècjgbg gj hb Ckn`}fbeck+

Y`} uz yb}wj( hb Bdjkecb Juyb`hb gj Y}`wjeeck gj Gbwù lb n`}fzhbg` zkbu

}je`fjkgbec`kju u`m}j hb kjejucgbg gj by}`mb} zkb hjs rzj yj}fcwb y}`wjdj} hù

gj}jelù gj bzw`} gj n`}fb e`fybwcmhj e`k jh gj}jel` b hb y}`wjeeck gj gbwù

yj}u`kbhju29>+

5+7 Y}`wjeeck gj hù E`kuzfcg`}ju s Zuzb}cù

Hù b~bkeju gj hbu }jgju uècbhju s yhbwbn`}fbu e`hbm`}bwc~bu juwk f`gcncebkg`

hbu y}ewcebu e`fj}ecbhju( }jgjnckcjkg` hb n`}fb `khckj gj `n}jej} mcjkju s uj}~cecù

fjgcbkwj hb yzmhcecgbg lcyj}e`kwj|wzbhcqbgb ujdk hù yj}nchju gj zuzb}c`( gc~j}ucncebkg`

jh fj}ebg` s e}jbkg` kzj~ù ebkbhju gj gcuw}cmzeck+

Juwù kzj~ù f`gjhù gj kjdèc` mbubgù jk jh e`fj}ec` jhjew}kce` yzjgjk gjuyj}wb}

zk ecj}w` d}bg` gj ckej}wcgzfm}j jk hù e`kuzfcg`}ju( jk w`}k` b ezjuwc`kju }jhbwc~bu b hb

ujdz}cgbg gj hbu w}bkubeec`kju jhjew}kcebu( bh yj}njeec`kbfcjkw` s ~bhcgjq gj hù

e`kw}bwù( b hb k`}fbwc~b byhcebmhj ` hb az}cugceeck e`fyjwjkwj jk ebu` gj hcwcdc`( jkw}j

`w}bu ezjuwc`kju+

Hù ucdzcjkwju jyd}bnju y}`nzkgcqbk jk jh bkhcucu gj juwù buyjewù ckn`}fbkg` bej}eb

gj hù ckuw}zfjkwù k`}fbwc~ù s fjgcgbu wjek`hdcebu rzj j|cuwjk bewzbhfjkwj bh

uj}~cec` gj hù zuzb}cùe`kuzfcg`}ju gj mcjkju s uj}~cecù b w}b~u gj Ckwj}kjw yb}b

db}bkwcqb} zk jkw`}k` gj w}nce` je`kfce` ujdz}` s e`kncbmhj rzj db}bkwcej hb w`wbh

hjdbhcgbg s w}bkuyb}jkecb jk jh y}èju` gj e`fy}b gj y}`gzewù b w}b~u gj Ckwj}kjw( jk

djkj}bh( ` gj ezbhrzcj} }jg uècbh ` yhbwbn`}fb e`hbm`}bwc~b( jk yb}wcezhb}( gjugj hb rzj uj

`yj}j+

29: Uj yzjgj beejgj} bh Yhbk gjugj ttt+fez+ju29> Fjf`}cb BJYG =994( }je`fjkgbeck k`}fbwc~b =+
http://www.mcu.es/propiedadInt/docs/planAntipirateria_PI.pdfhttp://www.mcu.es/propiedadInt/docs/planAntipirateria_PI.pdfhttp://www.mcu.es/propiedadInt/docs/planAntipirateria_PI.pdf


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb 224 gj 2: gj k`~cjfm}j( y`} jh rzj uj by}zjmb jh wj|w` }jnzkgcg` gj hb Hjs Djkj}bh

yb}b hb Gjnjkub gj hù E`kuzfcg`}ju s Zuzb}cù s `w}bu hjsju e`fyhjfjkwb}cbu (

e`fy}jkgjk hù ucdzcjkwju y}ckecycù1

Gj}jel` gj ckn`}fbeck+

Gj}jel` gj gjucuwcfcjkw +

Db}bkwbu fkcfbu gjh y}`gzew`+

Jk~` gj e`fzkcebec`kju e`fj}ecbhju s yzmhcecgbg jkdbùb+

5+7+= Fb}e` az}gce` byhcebmhj1 k`}fbwc~b s j~`hzeck hjdcuhbwc~b

Hb k`}fbwc~b ~cdjkwj byhcebmhj bh ujew`} gj e`kuzfcg`}ju s zuzb}cù wcjkj y`} `majw`

ubh~bdzb}gb} hù gj}jelù gj hù zuzb}cù s ~jhb} y`} jh ezfyhcfcjkw` gj hbu `mhcdbec`kju

cfyzjuwbu jkw}j hbu yb}wju ckwj}~ckcjkwju+

294 E`kejyw` gcuyzjuw` y`} jh ]jbh Gje}jw` Hjdcuhbwc~` 2=994( gj 2> gj k`~cjfm}j( y`} jh rzj uj by}zjmb jhwj|w` }jnzkgcg` gj hb Hjs Djkj}bh yb}b hb Gjnjkub gj hù E`kuzfcg`}ju s Zuzb}cù s `w}bu hjsjue`fyhjfjkwb}cbu+


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb 223 gj 2:( gj 2: gj jkj}`( gj @}gjkbeck

gjh E`fj}ec` Fck`}cuwb( ezs` `majw` gj }jdzhbeck u`k hbu ~jkwbu b gcuwbkecb(

juwbmhjeckgùj rzj u`k brzjh wcy` gj ~jkwbu rzj uj }jbhcqbk uck hb y}jujkecb nuceb

ucfzhwkjb gj hbu yb}wju( ucjfy}j rzj beec`kju jujkecbhju gjh e`kw}bw`( e`f` hb ~jkwb s

hb bejywbeck( uj }jbhcejk y`} ezbhrzcj} f`g` gj e`fzkcebeck b gcuwbkecb s hhj~bgb b

ebm` gjkw}` gj zk ucuwjfb gj e`kw}bwbeck `}dbkcqbg` y`} jh ~jkgjg`}+

Jh ]jbh Gje}jw` Hjdcuhbwc~` 2/=994( gj 2> gj k`~cjfm}j( y`} jh rzj uj by}zjmb jh

wj|w` }jnzkgcg` gj hb Hjs Djkj}bh yb}b hb Gjnjkub gj hù E`kuzfcg`}ju s Zuzb}cù

s `w}bu hjsju e`fyhjfjkwb}cbu( uck yj}azcec` gj h` gcuyzjuw` y`} hb HUUC&EJ jk h` rzj

}juyjewb b hb e`kw}bwbeck jhjew}kceb( gcuy`kj rz ckn`}fbeck gjmj ncdz}b} jk hbu ~jkwbu

b gcuwbkecb gj n`}fb ehb}b( e`fy}jkucmhj j ckjrz~èb( bkwju gj ckcecb} jh y}èjgcfcjkw`

gj e`kw}bwbeck1

Hb cgjkwcgbg gjh ~jkgjg`} ` y}juwbg`} gj uj}~cecù s uz gc}jeeck+

Hbu eb}bewj}uwcebu jujkecbhju gjh y}`gzew` uj}~cec`+

Jh y}jec`( ckehzcgù w`gù hù cfyzjuwù+

Hb n`}fb gj ybd` s f`gbhcgbgju gj jkw}jdb ` gj jajezeck+

Hb j|cuwjkecb gj zk gj}jel` gj gjucuwcfcjkw` ` }ju`hzeck s hbu ebzubu gjh fcuf`+

Jh eùwj gj hb zwchcqbeck gj hb wekceb gj e`fzkcebeck b gcuwbkecb( ezbkg` uj

ebhezhj u`m}j zkb mbuj gcuwckwb gj hb wb}cnb muceb+

Jh yhbq` gj ~bhcgjq gj hb `nj}wb s gjh y}jec`+

Hb gz}beck fkcfb gjh e`kw}bw`+

Jk uz ebu`( ckgcebeck gj uc jh ~jkgjg`} gcuy`kj ` juw bglj}cg` b bhdk

y}èjgcfcjkw` j|w}bazgcecbh gj u`hzeck gj e`knhcewù+

Ezbkg` jh zuzb}c` ujb b hb ~jq e`kuzfcg`} `mwjkg} ckfjgcbwbfjkwj hù gj}jelù

e`kwjfyhbgù jk hb hjdcuhbeck u`m}j e`kuzfcg`}ju s zuzb}cù( rzj uj}k c}}jkzkecbmhjus jaj}ecgù bzw`fwcebfjkwj( bzkrzj hb hjdcuhbeck byhcebmhj k` ujb hb juyb`hb+ Juw`

èz}}c} ucjfy}j s ezbkg` jh e`kw}bw` y}jujkwj zk ~kezh` juw}jel` e`k ezbhrzcj} Juwbg`


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb 2=9 gj 2:


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb 2== gj 2:


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb 2=7 gj 2: gj k`~cjfm}j( y`} jh rzj uj

by}zjmb jh wj|w` }jnzkgcg` gj hb Hjs Djkj}bh yb}b hb Gjnjkub gj hù E`kuzfcg`}ju s

Zuzb}cù s w}bu hjsju e`fyhjfjkwb}cbu+


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb 2=: gj 2:


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb 2=> gj 2:


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Juwzgc` u`m}j hb y}c~becgbg gj hù gbwù s hb ujdz}cgbg gj hb ckn`}fbeck jk hbu }jgju uècbhju khckj Ydckb 2=< gj 2:


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8/7/2019 Estudio sobre la privacidad de los datos personales y la seguridad de la informacin en las

estudio sobre la privacidad de los datos personales y la seguridad de la información en las redes...

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