esm 195 presentation slides
TRANSCRIPT
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Electric VehiclesThe Need for Recycling
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Early 1900's
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Battery
Mitsubishi i-MiEV: Lithium-ion
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Battery
Nissan LEAF: Lithium-ion
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Battery
Tesla Roadster: Lithium-ion
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Battery
Tesla Model S: Lithium-ion
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Lithium-ion Battery Pack
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Lithium-ion
- Tesla Model S contains 7,000 Lithium-ion cells.
- Most popular battery in modern electric cars.
- Same battery that is in most laptop computers.
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Lithium-ion Battery Components
-Lithium cobaltoxide anode
("Lithium-ion")
-Carbon cathode-Plastic insulators
-Copper contacts
-Steel outer canC
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Why recycle?
Environment
-Alleviate scarcity
-Reduce production
impacts
-Minimise unnecessary waste
Social
- Global south,
politically unstable countries.
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Why recycle?
Economic
- Lithium demand
increasing by 6%
each year.
-Demand will
outpace production
in the next 10
years.
-Current net negative
value for recycling.
-Incentivise: subsidies ortaxes
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Major Impediments to Recycling No standardization of lithium batteries
o Different compositions
o Constant changes in battery structure and models
Currently little need to recycle lithium ion
batterieso lithium relatively cheap to manufacture compared
to other metals
Cobalt
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Adaptive Management of Current Li-
ion Battery Recycling:
Pyro- and hydrometallurgical
Production-based recycling processes
Incentives
Education/Awareness
Grants and government fundingo Toxco grant (2009)
Analysis of environmental impacts and
energy consumption associated with the
production of Li-ion batteries
Analysis of process success
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Conclusion: Adaptively Managed Li-ion
Battery Life Cycle and Recycling
Increased Li extractionfrom improved recycling
processes
Reduced dependency onLi mining
Reduced negative environmental, economic,
and social impacts
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References
Egbue, O. and Long, S. 2012. Critical Issues in the Supply Chain of Lithium for
Electric Vehicle Batteries. Engineering Management Journal. 24.3: 52-62.
McManus, M.C. 2011. Environmental consequences of the use of batteries in
low carbon systems: The impact of battery production. Applied Energy.
93: 288-295.
Vayrynen, A. and Salminen, J. 2011. Lithium ion battery production. J. Chem.
Thermodynamics. 46: 80-85.
Panasonic. 2007. Overview of Lithium-ion Batteries.
http://www.panasonic.com/industrial/includes/pdf/Panasonic_LiIon_Overvie
w.pdf
Kumar, Aswin. "The Lithium Battery Recycling Challenge." Waste ManagementWorld. N.p., n.d. Web. Mar. 2013.
Georgi-Maschler, T., B. Friedrich, R. Weyhe, H. Heegn, and M. Rutz.
"Development of a Recycling Process for Li-ion Batteries."Journal of Power
Sources 207 (2012): 173-82. Web.
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"You will not berecycling me!"