enfermería del trabajo, volumen 1, número 4, 2011

8/3/2019 Enfermera del Trabajo, volumen 1, nmero 4, 2011

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& @bf{bcqh ic fjmb`bh}bj1 h}fh}bjs ic ghmbyhobjecs n}b&lj}nbojs l}hs oh}}byjs heihij}cs cyo%

[h}h `h icyc}fbehobe ic `h oh}lh nsboh ic eh yh}ch sc{cice yb`bqh} msbohfceyc y}cs o}byc}bjs ic ~h`j}hobe1

H% Ojesfj ic cec}lh {j} fcibj ic `h jmsc}~hobe ic`h hoyb~bihi h icsh}}j``h} {j} c` y}hmhahij} icsojf{j&ebceij yjihs `hs j{c}hobjecs ce fj~bfbceyjs c`cfceyh`csr ohò`heij oje h hrih ic yhm`hs c` ojesfj oh`}bojyjyh`%

M% Fcibih ic` ojesfj ic jwlcej ic` y}hmhahij}i}heycc` y}hmhaj rh xc cwbsyc eh }c`hobe bech` cey}c c` ~j`&

fce ic hb}c }cs{b}hij r c` ojesfj cec}lyboj%O% Fjebyj}bqhobe ic h n}coceobh oh}ibhoh {h}h ohò`h}c` ojesfj cec}lyboj%

_c gh c`clbij {h}h csyh c~h`hobe c` he`bsbs ic `h n}c&oceobh oh}ibhoh r fs ojeo}cyhfceyc {h}h h oh eybnb&ohobe ic `h {cejsbihi ic `h yh}ch `js fyjijs icOghfjw3> 'nbl}h 8" r N}bfhy


23/65

NOFbe 'N}coceobh Oh}ibhoh Febfh"% Oj}}cs&{jeic oje c` {c}oceyb` 3 ic h ibsy}bmobe ic ihyjs }clbs&y}hijs% NOFhw 'N}coceobh Oh}ibhoh Fwbfh"% Oj}}cs&{jeic oje c` {c}oceyb` 23 ic `h ibsy}bmobe ic ihyjs }c&lbsy}hijs% NO 'Hoc`c}hobe ic `h N}coceobh Oh}ibhoh"xc sc ohò`h1 NOFhw NOF OOH 'Ojsyj Oh}ibhoj Hmsj`yj"% Ejs {c}fbyc cs&yibh} `h yj`c}heobh beib~bih` ic e y}hmhahij} n}ceyc heh yh}ch icyc}fbehih% _ ~h`j} sc icyc}fbeh h {h}yb} ic`h sblbceyc cw{}csbe1 OOH 6 NOF NO]

OO] 'Ojsyj Oh}ibhoj ]c hyb~j"% Ejs {}j{j}objeheh h{}jwbfhobe ic `h hih{yhobe ic` y}hmhahij} h s{csyj ic y}hmhaj% _c ohò`h fcibheyc h sblbceyc cw{}c&sbe1 OO] 6 OOH * 'NOFhwY NO]"

Cenc}fc}h ic` Y}hmhaj =;884 81 82?&=;=]jfc}j _hìhh F, `~h}cq Nc}eeicq O, [}bcyj Mh``csyc}js H

C~h`hobe ic h oh}lh nsboh ic y}hmhaj, fcibheyc h fjebyj}bqhobe ic h n}coceobh oh}ihoh, ce hwb`bh}cs icCenc}fc}h ic eh }csbiceobh lc}by}boh febob{h`

82>

Nbl}h 8% Fyjij ic Oghfjw% O`hsbnbohobe ic `h {cejsbihi ic `h yh}ch h {h}yb} ic` oò`j ic` lhsyj j ojsyjoh}ibhoj hmsj`yj r }c`hyb~j%

C` fyjij ic Oghfjw o`hsbnboh `h oh}lh nsboh fcibheyc c` }helj ic fr `blc}h h fr {cshij 'sj ic` OOH" j icfr `blc}h h beycesh 'sj ic` OO]"%

Nbl}h =% Fyjij ic N}bfhy% O`hsbnbohobe ic `h oh}lh nsboh h {h}yb} ic js ojcnbobceycs ic {cejsbihi r {h}fcy}jsic n}coceyh oh}ibhoh%

=8

}c~bsyh ej~bcfm}c1Fhxcyhobe 8 8>*88*=;88 >1=< [lbeh =?


24/65

C` fyjij ic N}bfhy o`hsbnboh eh yh}ch icsic oh}lh nsboh febfh '{eyhobe 8;" h cwy}cfhihfceyc i}h '=3{eyjs"%

_c gh cf{`chij e {`sfcy}j j oh}ibjn}coceobfcy}j oje mheih yj}oboh r }c`ja ic {`sc}h 'fh}oh [j`h} fjic`j]_9;;si"% C` }clbsy}j ic `h n}coceobh oh}ibhoh sc }ch`bqhmh ohih 3 scleijs% @h cw{`jyhobe ic `js ihyjs sc gh ``c~hijh ohmj oje c` sjny|h}c {}j{bj ic` h{h}hyj r oje gjahs ic o`o`j%

Cenc}fc}h ic` Y}hmhaj =;884 81 82?&=;=]jfc}j _h`ihh F, `~h}cq Nc}eeicq O, [}bcyj Mh``csyc}js HC~h`hobe ic h oh}lh nsboh ic y}hmhaj, fcibheyc h fjebyj}bqhobe ic h n}coceobh oh}ihoh, ce hwb`bh}cs icCenc}fc}h ic eh }csbiceobh lc}by}boh febob{h`

82*88*=;88 >1=< [lbeh ?8


32/65

Cacf{`j%

Ojesbic}cfjs xc eh cenc}fc}h ic` y}hmhaj {}cobsh ojejoc} sb h heyblcihi ic ijs {jm`hobjecs hmj}h`cs csibnc}ceyc, {h}h {jic} }c`hobjeh} fs yh}ic, `h heyblcihi ce `h cf{}csh oje c` eb~c` ic shybsnhoobe `hmj}h`%@js ihyjs }csfbijs sc fcsy}he ce `h sblbceyc yhm`h1

Yhm`h =% Heyblcihi ce hjs ic `js y}hmhahij}cs% [jm`hobe*Cf{}csh H r M%

Syb`bqheij c` {hxcyc csyhisyboj l}hybyj C[BIHY hm}bfjs c` fce ic fyjijs h ojeybehobe benc}ceobh sjm}c {h&}fcy}js sc`coobjehfjs ijs {jm`hobjecs r fcibhs beic{ceibceycs%

Cenc}fc}h ic` Y}hmhaj =;884 81 =;?&=;2]jfc}j _h`ihh, FFcyjij`jlh ic Be~csyblhobe ce Cenc}fc}h ic` Y}hmhaj%

=;3

?;

}c~bsyh ej~bcfm}c1Fhxcyhobe 8 8>*88*=;88 >1=< [lbeh ?=


33/65

Cenc}fc}h ic` Y}hmhaj =;884 81 =;?&=;2]jfc}j _h`ihh, F

Fcyjij`jlh ic Be~csyblhobe ce Cenc}fc}h ic` Y}hmhaj

=;>

Bey}jiobfjs js ihyjs cw{csyjs ce `h Yhm`h = yh` r ojfj h{h}coc ce `h sblbceyc bfhlce1

R nbeh`fceyc {bohfjs sjm}c oh`o`h}

?8

}c~bsyh ej~bcfm}c1Fhxcyhobe 8 8>*88*=;88 >1=< [lbeh ??


34/65

@js }cs`yhijs sc fcsy}he h ojeybehobe1

Jmsc}~hfjs c` ~h`j} ic` csyhisyboj N ic _ecicoj} xc h{j}yh benj}fhobe sjm}c `h blh`ihi*icsblh`ihi ic `hs ~h&}bheqhs {c}j sjm}c yjij ejs nbahfjs ce c` ~h`j} ic s sblebnbohobe csyhisyboh '{6 ;8


35/65

C` ~h`j} ic` csyhisyboj Y {h}h ~h}bheqhs blh`cs cs =?9 r s sblebnbohobe csyhisyboh '{6;;=" }cn`cahe xc cwbsyce ib&nc}ceobhs sblebnbohyb~hs cey}c `hs fcibhs ic hfmjs l}{js% J sch xc oje `js ihyjs ic ecsy}j csyibj {jicfjs hsc&l}h} oje eh {}jmhmb`bihi ic hobc}yj ic` 23# xc `h {jm`hobe y}hmhahij}h M {jscc eh heyblcihi fhrj} xc `h{jm`hobe y}hmhahij}h H%

Oje c` {}jl}hfh l}hybyj C{bBenj `js {hsjs h sclb} sc}he `js sblbceycs1

Icsic `h {heyh``h {}beob{h` cey}hfjs ce HEH@B_B_ IC IHYJ_% Seh ~cq hx hm}bfjs '`cc}" ecsy}h mhsc ic ihyjs%

Seh ~cq hmbc}yh `h mhsc ic ihyjs {bohfjs ce Fcibhs sbyhih ce `h oj`feh ic `h bqxbc}ih icey}j ic `h oh}{cyhCsyhisybohs%

Cenc}fc}h ic` Y}hmhaj =;884 81 =;?&=;2]jfc}j _h`ihh, F

Fcyjij`jlh ic Be~csyblhobe ce Cenc}fc}h ic` Y}hmhaj

=;7

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}c~bsyh ej~bcfm}c1Fhxcyhobe 8 8>*88*=;88 >1=< [lbeh ?3


36/65

Beibohfjs ce Fcibhs ic `h ~h}bhm`c heyblcihi r ce Yhm`hij {j} ~h`j} `h ~h}bhm`c Cf{}csh% Ic csyh fhec}hcsyhfjs iheij }icecs {h}h xc oh`o`c h fcibh h}byfyboh ic h heyblcihi {h}h ohih cf{}csh% @js }cs`yhijs sje1

C` {}jl}hfh C{bBenj yb`bqh c` ycsy ic Mh}y`cyy ojfj {}cmh ic sblebnbohobe csyhisyboh {h}h ojf{h}h} hs ~h}bheqhsic hfmjs l}{js jmycebceij e ~h`j} ic {6;8


37/65

Cenc}fc}h ic` Y}hmhaj =;884 81 =8;&=89Hlb`c}h @{cq FI, ]jfc}j _hìhh FGb{c}ycesbe oèboh hbs`hih 'GOH"

=8;

Ohsjs oèbojs ic Cenc}fc}h ic` Y}hmhaj

Gb{c}ycesbe oèboh

hbs`hih 'GOH"Hyj}cs

Hlb`c}h @{cq, FIOjj}ibehij}h ic Obihijs ic Cenc}fc}h% SLO% @c~heyc _}% Ibsy}byj _hebyh}bj O}ijmh

]jfc}j _hìhh, FCenc}fc}j Cs{cobh`bsyh ce Cenc}fc}h ic` Y}hmhaj% Hreyhfbceyj ic O}ijmh

8% Gb{c}ycesbe Oèboh Hbs`hih j Gb&

{c}ycesbe ic Mhyh M`heoh%

[j} gb{c}ycesbe oèboh hbs`hih 'GOH" sc ceybceic hxc``hsbyhobe ce `h oh` `h {}csbe h}yc}bh` ic eh {c}sjeh scgh``h icey}j ic fbycs ej}fh`cs ce c` ijfbob`bj j ce hf&mbceycs ghmbyh`cs fbcey}hs xc sc c`c~h h obn}hs ojesbic&}hihs ic gb{c}ycesbe ce e ocey}j shebyh}bj 'ojes`yhfiboh ic cenc}fc}h gjs{byh` cyo%"% Jy}js ejfm}cs yb&`bqhijs {h}h icnbeb} csyh sbyhobe sje gb{c}ycesbe ic mhyhm`heoh 'GMM" j gb{c}ycesbe hbs`hih ce ojes`yh 'GHO"%Yjih GOH `c~h bf{òbyh e cncoyj ic mhyh m`heoh 'CMM"xc {cic icnbeb}sc ojfj `h fhlebyi ic {}csbe h}yc}bh`s{c}bj} h `js `fbycs ic ej}fh`bihi xc ghmbyh`fceyc

ybcec csh {c}sjeh oheij sc }ch`bqh eh yjfh ic {}csbeh}yc}bh` ce e ocey}j shebyh}bj% C` CCM cs eh ~h}bhm`cojeybeh r {j} yheyj ssoc{ybm`c ic oheybnboh}sc s fc&ibheyc eh csoh`h ef}boh4 {j} c` ojey}h}bj `h GOH xcsc}h eh ~h}bhm`c ibso}cyh j sch h {c}sjeh h {}csceyh jej%@h cybj`jlh ic h GOH ojeybeh sbe ho`h}h}sc% Csyhs {c}&sjehs ej {}csceyhe }cs{csyhs oh}ibj~hso`h}cs hej}fh`csheyc csyf`js {}csj}cs eb sc hasyhe h {c}nb`cs ic {c}sj&eh`bihi icyc}fbehijs% _be cfmh}lj cs c~biceyc xc cwbsyceh }cs{csyh hi}ce}lboh ic h`c}yh heyc c` {c`bl}j ic sc}ico`h}hij gb{c}ycesj j icsojey}j`hij%Ce `j }cnc}ceyc h s {}c~h`ceobh fs ic `h fbyhi ic `hs

{c}sjehs ybcece eh {}csbe h}yc}bh` fhrj} ce e ocey}jshebyh}bj xc nc}h ic ` r csyh {}c~h`ceobh hfceyh oje`h cihi ic `h {c}sjeh%

Se hs{coyj ic l}he beyc}s cs `h }c`hobe cey}c h {c}sjehr c` shebyh}bj xc }ch`bqh `h yjfh ic {}csbe h}yc}bh`% H&yj}cs ojfj Fheobh r @byy`c ghe icfjsy}hij xc oheij`h {}csbe h}yc}bh` c}h fcibih ce e ocey}j shebyh}bj {j}{c}sjeh` fiboj c` CMM c}h ojesbic}hm`cfceyc fhrj}xc oheij h yjfh `h }ch`bqhmh {c}sjeh` ic cenc}fc}h%

[h}h c` ibhlesyboj ic `h GOH {ji}he cf{`ch}sc yoebohsojf{`cfceyh}bhs ojfj cs `h Hyjfcibih ic `h [}csbeH}yc}bh` 'HF[H" cncoyhih ce c` ijfbob`bj ic` {hobceycj `h Fjebyj}bqhobe Hfm`hyj}bh ic `h [}csbe H}yc}bh`

'FH[H"% @h yoeboh fs {}cobsh cs `h FH[H xc ybceceh cwoc`ceyc oj}}c`hobe {}jesyboh r cs `h xc fcaj}{c}fbyc icsoh}yh} `h GOH% C` ojsyc ic csyh cw{`j}hobe `b&fbyh s sj beibso}bfbehij% Seh h`yc}ehyb~h hoc{yhm c cs`h HF[H hexc icmce ojey}j`h}sc h oh`bihi ic` h{h}hyjyb`bqhij r h yoeboh ic` {hobceyc%

?3

}c~bsyh ej~bcfm}c1Fhxcyhobe 8 8>*88*=;88 >1=< [lbeh ?


38/65

Cenc}fc}h ic` Y}hmhaj =;884 81 =8;&=89Hlb`c}h @{cq FI, ]jfc}j _hìhh F

Gb{c}ycesbe oèboh hbs`hih 'GOH"

=88

C` {}jesyboj ic h GOH sc`c sc} mceblej% _be cfmh}lj cwbsyce {jojs y}hmhajs xc ghrhe sclbij h gbsyj}bh ehy}hìc` {}jocsj i}heyc fogj ybcf{j% Cey}c c``js ceojey}hfjs xc y}hs e sclbfbceyj ic ? h 3 hjs ic e 8;#&?;#ic {c}sjehs oje GOH c~jòbjehe ghobh eh gb{c}ycesbe% Ce oheyj h h fj}mbfj}yh bihi c` }bcslj {h}h `h GOH csbeyc}fcibj cey}c c` sacyj ej}fjycesj r c` gb{c}ycesj%

=% Ohsj oèboj%

Y}hmhahij} ic 9= hjs ic cihi sbe heycociceycs {hyj`lbojs ic beyc}s% Nfhij} ic 8; oblh}}b``js ih r scle BFO{}csceyh sjm}c{csj yb{j BB%Icsh}}j``h s hoyb~bihi ojfj {ce ic yh}chs hl}oj`hs r hoic h ojes`yh ic Cenc}fc}h ic` Ocey}j ic _hì {j} ic&}b~hobe icsic `h Sebihi Msboh ic _hì ic s cf{}csh y}hs {}csceyh} ce c` cwhfce ic shì `hmj}h` obn}hs ic {}csbeh}yc}bh` ic 83>*27 ff Gl%@h cenc}fc}h ic hyceobe {}bfh}bh ic shì ~c`~c h yjfh} h {}csbe h}yc}bh` r c` }cs`yhij cs ic 8>;*29 ff ic Gl%

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8% Benj}fhobe sjm}c `h gb{c}ycesbe h}yc}bh`1 ojeoc{yj }bcsljs {h}h `h shì nhoyj}cs ic }bcslj {}c~ceobe cyo%

=% Csyhm`cobfbceyj ic` Ibhlesyboj% _c `c be~byh h xc }ch`boc eh HF[H% 'Hecwj B"% _c cw{`boh `h yoeboh oj}}coyhic yjfh ic {}csbe h}yc}bh` xc beo`rc {}oybohfceyc `hs fbsfhs }cojfceihobjecs icsh}}j``hihs {h}h `h yjfh ceojes`yh '{jsbobe ybcf{j ic }c{jsj efc}j ic fcibihs hfmbceyc cyo%"%

C` y}hmhahij} {jscc e ycesbfcy}j c`coy}eboj orh fh}oh r fjic`j sc ceocey}h icey}j ic` `bsyhij ic h{h}hyjs ~h&`bihijs {h}h ``c~h} h ohmj eh HF[H% @js ibs{jsbyb~js ic fcoh ej sje }cojfceihijs oje beic{ceiceobh ic snbhmb`bihi {j} `h ic{ceiceobh ce `h {jsbobe ic` m}hqj r ic `h fcoh%

?% _clbfbceyj% C` sclbfbceyj xcih} ce neobe ic` ibhlesyboj jmycebij rh sch ojfj ej}fjycesj j gb{c}ycesj%

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}c~bsyh ej~bcfm}c1Fhxcyhobe 8 8>*88*=;88 >1=< [lbeh ?7


39/65


=8=

H ojeybehobe sc cw{jece `hs ~ceyhahs r `bfbyhobjecs ic `h HF[H {h}h c` ibhlesyboj ic gb{c}ycesbe h}yc}bh`%

?*88*=;88 >1=< [lbeh ?2


40/65

Cenc}fc}h ic` Y}hmhaj =;884 81 =8;&=89Hlb`c}h @{cq FI, ]jfc}j _hìhh F

Gb{c}ycesbe oèboh hbs`hih 'GOH"

=8?

@h sblbceyc yhm`h fcsy}h `js }cs`yhijs ic `h HF[H1

Oje csyhs =? obn}hs ic ycesbe h}yc}bh` sc jmybcec eh {}csbe h}yc}bh` fcibh ic 8?>*7> ff ic Gl r e CMM ic =;*8=ff Gl r =9*7 ff Gl cey}c `h {}csbe fcibh r `h jmycebih ce ojes`yh ic Cenc}fc}h ic` Y}hmhaj ic `h SebihiMsboh ic _hì ic h cf{}csh r Hyceobe [}bfh}bh }cs{coyb~hfceyc%@h sblbceyc yhm`h fcsy}h `js ~h`j}cs ic ej}fh`bihi {h}h `h HF[H% C` `fbyc ic ej}fjycesbe sc csyhm`coc ce ~h`j}csbenc}bj}cs h 8?3*73 ff Gl r c` ic GYH ce ~h`j}cs blh`cs j s{c}bj}cs h 89;*2; ff Gl%

[j} yheyj c` y}hmhahij} {}csceyh eh {}csbe h}yc}bh` ej}fh`&h`yh hexc ej o`hsbnbohm`c ojfj gb{c}ycesbe h}yc}bh` rce ojescoceobh {ji}h sc} oheibihyj h }ch`bqh}sc e FH[H% Fbcey}hs yheyj `c }cojfceihfjs c` ojey}j` {c}bibojic {}csbe h}yc}bh` ce s ijfbob`bj ce `h ojes`yh ic cenc}fc}h ic` y}hmhaj r ic hyceobe {}bfh}bh hs ojfj `h bes&yh}hobe ic hs sblbceycs fcibihs shebyh}bhs1

Ibcyh gb{joh }boh cxb bm}hih r mhah ce sjibj% Hmheijej ic` ojesfj ic yhmhoj%

Cac}obobj nsboj fjic}hij i}heyc eh gj}h h` ih%?7



41/65

Ojey}j` fcesh` ic {csj% Ojey}j` heh` ic ycesbe h}yc}bh` {j} s ocey}j ic shì j ebih msboh ic shì ic` y}hmhaj%

HECWJ 8]cojfceihobjecs ib}blbihs h` {hobceyc {h}h `h }ch`b&qhobe ic eh oj}}coyh hyjfcibih ic [H ijfbob`bh&}bh%

H`lejs {hobceycs {cice ycec} obn}hs h`yhs ic [H ce còjes`yj}bj r h` yjf}sc`h ce jy}js `lh}cs ojfj `h nh}&fhobh j ce h {}j{bh ohsh }cs`yh xc `h ycesbe csy ojf& {`cyhfceyc ej}fh`% Ce csyjs {hobceycs cey}c `js xc

{cic csyh} syci cs oje~cebceyc `h hyjfcibih ic {}c&sbe ce s {}j{bj ijfbob`bj%@c }jlhfjs ycelh ce ojesbic}hobe hs sblbceycs ej}fhs{h}h hscl}h} h ~h`bicq ic `hs fcibihs1

8% Ssh} e h{h}hyj ic fcibih {h}h c` m}hqj 'ej ic f&coh eb ic icij" hyjfyboj j scfbhyjfyboj 'ic be&n`hij fheh`" ~h`bihij cs icob} xc csy }cojfceihij{j} cw{c}yjs beic{ceibceycs% C` `bsyhij sc {cic ojes`yh}ce Beyc}ecy 'ggy{1**|||%ihm`ciohybjeh %ojf" c beo`rch{h}hyjs ic hs sblbceycs ojf{hhs1JF]JE H.I Helc`beb r Fbo}j`bnc%

=% Yjijs js h{h}hyjs icmce }c~bsh}sc h` fcejs eh ~cq h`hj j h` fcejs ojf{}jmh} ib}coyhfceyc n}ceyc h h{h}hyjsnbhm`cs 'ce s ocey}j ic shì j nh}fhobh" xc neobjehoj}}coyhfceyc%?% ]cs{cyc `hs ojeibobjecs ic fcibih1 ce sbyhobe icy}hexb`bihi r }c{jsj sceyhij oje h cs{hìh h{jrhih cec` }cs{hìj r c` m}hqj icsohesheij ce eh fcsh%9% @h fcibih ic `h {}csbe ce s ijfbob`bj sc icmc ghoc}{j} `h fhheh {}cnc}bm`cfceyc heycs ic` icshrej 'sbeghmc} ojfbij eb yjfhij fcibohfceyjs" r {j} `h ejogcheycs ic h oceh% _c icmce }ch`bqh} = j ? fcibihs ce ohihjohsbe 'cey}c fcibih r fcibih sc icah}e y}heso}}b} ic

= h ? fbeyjs"%3% Fcib} `h {}csbe s`j oheij sc ceocey}h fh` cs ec}}j} {csyj xc ce cshs ojeibobjecs ybceic sbcf{}c h }c&s`yh} fs h`yh% [j} yheyj cs {}cnc}bm`c nbah} ic heycfhejc` ih xc sc gh} `hs fcibihs%>% @h n}coceobh ic `hs fcibhs sc `j beiboh} c` {c}sjeh`shebyh}bj% Ce lcec}h` sb csy mbce ojey}j`hij eh ~cq h hscfheh cs snbobceyc%?;%


=89

?2



42/65

Cenc}fc}h ic` Y}hmhaj =;884 81 =83&==;@hfcb}j b`h}bj O, ]jfc}j Qh`jh F, _j}}bmhs H`~h}cq FA, Lh}oh Ljeq`cq O, [c}cb}h H`~h}cq F, [c}cq H`~h}c `js H

Fyjij ic y}hmhaj scl}j oje fhyc}bh` {eqheyc*oj}yheyc

=83

[}c~ceobe l`jmh`

Fyjij ic y}hmhaj scl}j

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enfermería del trabajo, volumen 1, número 4, 2011

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