el conocimiento biblico

7/31/2019 El Conocimiento Biblico

1/37

Ni D`l`dfcfnl{` Ggifd`

Inddfl Ggifdb 2

' Ib lndntfkbk cbv`w kni a`cgwn nt ~l znwkbknw` d`l`dfcfnl{` kn Kf`t'

Fl{w`k~ddflIb zfkb dwft{fblb l` nt `{wb d`tb r~n ~l dbcflbw }`w jn, B~lr~n) }bwb r~n ib jn j~ldf`ln

kngn abgnw ~l d`l`dfcfnl{` kbk` }`w ni Nt}wf{~ kn ib ]bibgwb, Kngnc`t d`l`dnw nl }wfcnwbflt{bldfb i` r~n Kf`t ab anda`) bl{nt kn r~n }`kbc`t dwnnwin v d`ljfbw nl i }bwb r~n abhb i`r~n Ni ab kfda`,

^l nonc}i` kni Bl{fh~` [nt{bcnl{`

O`t~ 7?6#22, Onwfd nwb ~lb df~kbk knww`{bkb }nw` i`t ftwbnif{bt l` tbgbl i` r~n Kf`t abgbanda`, L` {nlbl ib ct wnc`{b fknb kn i` r~n ib hnl{n nl ntb df~kbk {nlb, ]`w d~bwnl{b b`t)abgbl nt{bk` }bwbif bk`t kn cfnk`, Ni }w`gincb wnbi) nt r~n nii`t l` d`l`dbl b t~ Kf`t5 btr~n tn r~nkbw`l nl ni kntfnw{`,

O`t~ 7?6#22 6T r~n Ona`z `t ab kbk` nt{b {fnwwb5 }`wr~n ni {nc`w kn z`t`{w`t ab dbk` t`gwnl`t`{w`t) v {`k`t i`t c`wbk`wnt kni }bt vb abl kntcbvbk` }`w db~tb kn z`t`{w`t,2=]`wr~n anc`t `k` r~n Ona`z af ` tndbw ibt bh~bt kni Cbw Wò` knibl{n knz`t`{w`t d~blk` tbift{nft kn Nhf}{`) v i` r~n abgft anda` b i`t k`t wnvnt kn i`tbc`wwn`t r~n nt{bgbl bi `{w` ibk` kni O`wkl) b Tnal v b @h) b i`t d~bint abgftknt{w~fk`,22@vnlk` nt{`) ab kntcbvbk` l~nt{w` d`wb l5 lf ab r~nkbk` ctbifnl{` nl a`cgwn bih~l` }`w db~tb kn z`t`{w`t) }`wr~n Ona`z z~nt{w` Kf`t ntKf`t bwwfgb nl i`t dfni`t v bgbo` nl ib {fnwwb,

Ni }b}ni kni Nt}wf{~

Ni Nt}wf{~ kn znwkbk l`t cflft{wb ib znwkbk }`w cnkf` kn l~nt{wbt cnl{nt) ib cnl{n nt}fwf{~bi)r~n d`ljb nl Kf`t, Nt{n d`l`dfcfnl{` cnl{bi l`t kb i`t anda`t nl i`t d~bint nonwdf{bc`tl~nt{wb jn ` kntdbltbc`t nl nii`t, D`l ni {fnc}`) b {wbzt kn ~l nl{nlkfcfnl{` ct }w`j~lk`kn ib znwkbk) nld`l{wbwnc`t i`t k`t? d`l`dfcfnl{` cnl{bi v d`l`dfcfnl{` kni d`wb l5

iinhbwnc`t b l` tìbcnl{n dwnnwi` tfl` {bcgfl b tbgnwi` nl ib nq}nwfnldfb,!]w`z, 7;?4& #l znwtd~i` fl{nwntbl{n r~n kngnc`t d`ltfknwbw # ]w`z, 74?8

]w`znwgf`t 7;?4 4D`l tbgfk~wb tn nkfjfdbw ib dbtb)V d`l }w~knldfb tn bjfwcbw5

]w`znwgf`t 74?8 8]`wr~n d~bi nt t~ }nltbcfnl{` nl t~ d`wb l) {bi nt i,D`cn v gngn) {n kfw5Cbt t~ d`wb l l` nt{ d`l{fh`,

L~nt{wb hwbl lndntfkbk Tnw kn c~dab bv~kb tf }nltbc`t tnwfbcnl{n nl i` r~n nt ~lb kn ibt hwblknt lndntfkbknt kn

i`t dwnvnl{nt, Abv tìbcnl{n ~lb d`tb nl ib d~bi ni j~lkbcnl{` kn ib jn dwft{fblb kntdbltb, Nt{nnt ~l` kn i`t jbd{`wnt ct fc}`w{bl{nt nl nt{b zfkb v dbcflbw kn jn) nt{` nt ni

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d`l`dfcfnl{` , Kn anda`) }`kwbc`t tnw ct nt}ndjfd`t v kndfw r~n ni a`cgwn {fnln ~lbhwbl v {wncnlkb lndntfkbk kniZNWKBKNW@ D@L@DFCFNL[@ KN KF@T, O~bl 28?4, L`{n r~n Ontt knjfln ib zfkb n{nwlb l d`c` ~lb dbl{fkbk kn {fnc}`) tfl` nid`l`dfcfnl{` kn Kf`t Njntf`t 2?28 #Nt{b nt ib `wbdfl kn ]bgi` }`w ib fhintfb kn Njnt`, L`{n r~n ni l` }fkn }`w lbkb

l~nz`) tfl` ct gfnl r~n Kf`t tn wnznin b t cftc` b nii`t, I~nh` nl ni znwtd~i` 21]bgi`d`l{flb `wblk` r~n i int bgwb i`t ò`t kni nl{nlkfcfnl{` kni d`wb l }bwb r~nD@L@_DBL,,,

O~bl 28?4 4V nt{b nt ib zfkb n{nwlb? r~n {n d`l` dbl b {f) ni lfd` Kf`t znwkbknw`) v bOnt~dwft{`) b r~fnl abt nlzfbk`,

Njntf`t 2?28#21 28 }bwb r~n ni Kf`t kn l~nt{w` Tn`w Ont~dwft{`) ni ]bkwn kn hi`wfb) `t k nt}wf{~ kntbgfk~wb v kn wnznibdfl nl ni d`l`dfcfnl{` kn i)21bi~cgwblk` i`t ò`t knz~nt{w` nl{nlkfcfnl{`) }bwb r~n tn}ft d~i nt ib nt}nwbl b b r~n i `t ab iibcbk`)v d~int ibt wfr~n bt kn ib hi`wfb kn t~ anwnldfb nl i`t tbl{`t)

L~nt{wb d`ljfbl b zb tfnc}wn nl }w`}`wdfl d`l l~nt{w` d`l`dfcfnl{`]`knc`t kndfw nt{`, L` }`knc`t d`ljfbw nl bih~fnl b r~fnl l` d`l`dnc`t5 }nw` }`w ni `{wìbk`) l` }`knc`t knobw kn d`ljfbw nl bih~fnl b r~fnl in d`l`dnc`t kn znwkbk, L` abv lflhlntj~nw ` d`c` wnr~ftf{`) ntb d`ljfbl b l`t tbin lb{~wbi,

]fnltn wnt}nd{` b nt{`5l~nt{wb d`ljfbl b zb tfnc}wn nl }w`}`wdfl b l~nt{w`d`l`dfcfnl{`) i` r~n r~fnwn kndfw r~n bi hwbk` kn r~n l` d`l` dbc`t b Kf`t zbc`t bd`ljfbw nl `{wbt d`tbt, !W`, 2=?2;&Zbc`t b cfwbw bih~l`t znwtd~i`t ggifd`t?Dì`tnltnt 2?6) 2=,L~nzbcnl{n ]bgi` nt{ `wblk` }`w '~l d`l`dfcfnl{` kn t~ zì~l{bk) ~ld`l`dfcfnl{` kn Kf`t,' !Jfi, 4?8)1&

W`cbl`t 2=?2; 2;Dc`) }~nt) flz`dbwl b br~ni nl ni d~bi l` abl dwnk`0 V dc` dwnnwl nlbr~ni kn r~fnl l` abl `k`0 V dc` `fwl tfl abgnw r~fnl int }wnkfr~n0

Dì`tnltnt 2?6) 2= 6]`w i` d~bi {bcgfl l`t`{w`t) kntkn ni kb r~n i` `c`t) l` dntbc`t kn `wbw }`w z`t`{w`t) v kn }nkfw r~n tnft iinl`t kni d`l`dfcfnl{` kn t~ zì~l{bk nl {`kbtbgfk~wb n fl{nifhnldfb nt}fwf{~bi)2= }bwb r~n blkft d`c` nt kfhl` kni Tn`w)bhwbklkìn nl {`k`) iinzblk` jw~{` nl {`kb g~nlb `gwb) v dwndfnlk` nl nid`l`dfcfnl{` kn Kf`t5

Jfif}nltnt 4?8) 1 8]nw` d~bl{bt d`tbt nwbl }bwb c hblbldfb) ibt an nt{fcbk` d`c` }wkfkb }`w bc`w kn Dwft{`,1V dfnw{bcnl{n) b~l nt{fc` {`kbt ibt d`tbt d`c` }wkfkb }`w ibnqdninldfb kni d`l`dfcfnl{` kn Dwft{` Ontt) cf Tn`w) }`w bc`w kni d~bi i` an }nwkfk` {`k`) v i` {nlh` }`w gbt~wb) }bwb hblbw b Dwft{`)

Tìbcnl{n b {wbzt kn t~ ]bibgwb }`knc`t d`l`dnwin

Kf`t l`t ab kbk` t~ ]bibgwb d`l ni jfl kn wnznibwtn b t cftc`) v nt tìbcnl{n b {wbzt kn t~]bibgwb r~n l`t`{w`t }`knc`td`l`dnwin) d`l`dnw t~ tbgfk~wb) t~ zì~l{bk) t~ bc`w fljflf{`)t~ hwbl }`knw) t~ jfknifkbk) t~ tbl{fkbk) t~ g`lkbk) hwbdfb v cftnwfd`wkfb, Nt tìbcnl{n b {wbztkn t~ ]bibgwb r~n l`t`{w`t }`knc`t TBGNWr~n nt i` r~n i` r~n in d`c}ibdn v r~n nt i` r~nin kntbhwbkb,!Jfi 4?2=&]fnltn bi wnt}nd{`? tf j~wbc`t b ~l }bt inobl`) b b}wnlknw `{w` fkf`cbv d~i{~wb d`l ni }w`}tf{` kn nq}ifdbw b nt{n Kf`t b r~fnlnt l~ldb abl `k` kn i, Dc`nq}ifdbwnc`t b Kf`t b r~fnl l` d`l`dnc`t0 !Ft, 2?7) 4) @tnbt ;?: b&Ba nt{ ni cftc` }w`gincb kn a`v) ibt }nwt`lbt nt{l tfnlk` knt{w~fkbt }`w ib jbi{b kn d`l`dfcfnl{`,

Jfif}nltnt 4?2= 2=b jfl kn d`l`dnwin) v ni }`knw kn t~ wnt~wwnddfl) v ib }bw{fdf}bdfl kn t~t

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}bkndfcfnl{`t) iinhblk` b tnw tncnobl{n b i nl t~ c~nw{n) Ftbbt 2?7) 4 7@k) dfni`t) v ntd~dab {) {fnwwb5 }`wr~n abgib Ona`z? Dwf afo`t) v i`t nlhwblknd

v nii`t tn wngnibw`l d`l{wb c,4Ni g~nv d`l`dn b t~ k~n`) v ni btl` ni }ntngwn knt~ tn`w5 Ftwbni l` nl{fnlkn) cf }~ngi` l` {fnln d`l`dfcfnl{`,

@tnbt ;?: b :Cf }~ngi` j~n knt{w~fk`) }`wr~n in jbi{ d`l`dfcfnl{`,

Ontt # Ni c~lk` l` in d`l`df

O~bl 2?2=#22, L`{n nt{`)'B i`t t~v`t zfl` v i`t t~v`t l` in wndfgfnw`l' , ]`w r~0 ]`wr~nl` in d`l`dfnw`l , ]`w ni `{w` ibk`)7 ]nkw` 4?21) Onw, 6?74#7;,

O~bl 2?2=#22 2=Nl ni c~lk` nt{bgb) v ni c~lk` }`w i j~n anda`5 }nw` ni c~lk` l` in d`l`df,22B i` t~v` zfl`) v i`t t~v`t l` in wndfgfnw`l,

7 ]nkw` 4?21 21Bl{nt gfnl) dwndnk nl ib hwbdfb v ni d`l`dfcfnl{` kn l~nt{w` Tn`w v Tbizbk`w Ont~dwft{`, B i tnb hi`wfb ba`wb v abt{b ni kb kn ib n{nwlfkbk, Bcl,

Onwncbt 6?74#7;

74Bt kfo` Ona`z? L` tn bibgn ni tbgf` nl t~ tbgfk~wb) lf nl t~ zbinl{b tn bibgn nizbifnl{n) lf ni wfd` tn bibgn nl t~t wfr~n bt,7;Cbt bigntn nl nt{` ni r~n tn a~gfnwnkn bibgbw? nl nl{nlknwcn v d`l`dnwcn) r~n v` t`v Ona`z) r~n abh` cftnwfd`wkfb) o~fdf` v o~t{fdfb nl ib {fnwwb5 }`wr~n nt{bt d`tbt r~fnw`) kfdn Ona`z,

Bih~l`t }nltbcfnl{`t r~n kngnc`t d`ltfknwbw

7 ]nkw` 2?7)4, Br~ znc`t dibwbcnl{n l~nt{wb lndntfkbk kn ~lD@L@DFCFNL[@ KN I,Ib zfd{`wfb kn ib zfkb dwft{fblb l` nt tfc}incnl{n ~l c{`k`) ~lb {dlfdb) l` nt ~l a`cgwnfcf{blk` b Ont~dwft{`) l` nt ~lb fcf{bdfl kn Dwft{`) nt ib }bw{fdf}bdfl kn Dwft{`, Nt Ont~dwft{`zfzfnlk` t~ zfkb nl v b {wbzt kn l`t`{w`t, ]nw` tf l` TBGNC@T i` r~n Ni ab anda`) v i` r~ni nt{ abdfnlk`) nl{`ldnt {nwcflbwnc`t d`c` ib hnl{n nl ni {fnc}` kn @tnbt) KNT[W^FK@T ]@W IB JBI[B KN D@L@DFCFNL[@

7 ]nkw` 2?7) 4 7Hwbdfb v }b `t tnbl c~i{f}ifdbkbt) nl ni d`l`dfcfnl{` kn Kf`t v kn l~nt{w` Tn`w Ontt,4D`c` {`kbt ibt d`tbt r~n }nw{nlndnl b ib zfkb v b ib }fnkbk l`t abl tfk`kbkbt }`w t~ kfzfl` }`knw) cnkfbl{n ni d`l`dfcfnl{` kn br~ni r~n l`t iibc }`w t~hi`wfb v nqdninldfb)

^lb }wndb~dfl # Bih~l`t l` tbgnl }nw` `{w`t wndab bl ib znwkbk

W`cbl`t 2?21, Nt dibw` nl ib Ntdwf{~wb r~n ni a`cgwn jwnd~nl{ncnl{n wndab b ib znwkbk, Cfwnd`lcfh` l~nzbcnl{n b @tnbt ;?:, D`c` anc`t cnldf`lbk` bl{nt) ib }wfcnwb }bw{n kniznwtd~i` abgib kn 'ib jbi{b knd`l`dfcfnl{` ' B~lr~n) nl ib tnh~lkb }bw{n kni znwtd~i` tnwnjfnwn b 'wndab bw nid`l`dfcfnl{` ', Ni }~l{` br~) nt r~nnii`t abgbl wndab bk` ni d`l`dfcfnl{` ) }`w {bl{` Kf`t vb l` int }nwcf{fwb tnw i`t tbdnwk`{nt) iknwnt) ` {nt{fh`t knDwft{`, Ni hwbl }w`gincb br~ nt r~n }`wr~n nii`t wndab bw`l ib znwkbk) ba`wb l` nt{bgbldbcflblk` }`w jn) abgbl iinhbk` b tnw b~{`kn}nlkfnl{nt) dbcflblk` nl t~ }w`}f` dbcflàbdfnlk` t~ }w`}fb d`tb,

W`cbl`t 2?21 21]`wr~n ib fwb kn Kf`t tn wnznib kntkn ni dfni` d`l{wb {`kb fc}fnkbk n flo~t{fdfb kni`t a`cgwnt r~n kn{fnlnl d`l flo~t{fdfb ib znwkbk5

@tnbt ;?: :Cf }~ngi` j~n knt{w~fk`) }`wr~n in jbi{ d`l`dfcfnl{`, ]`w d~bl{` kntndabt{n nid`l`dfcfnl{`) v` {n ndabw kni tbdnwk`df`5 v }`wr~n ìzfkbt{n ib inv kn {~ Kf`t){bcgfl v` cn ìzfkbw kn {~t afo`t,

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Nt{` l` r~fnwn kndfw r~n Kf`t l` b}ifr~n t~ hwbdfb, Ib znwkbk nt r~n `d~wwn {`{bicnl{n i`d`l{wbwf`, Ni nt{ bgtì~{bcnl{n iinl` kn hwbdfb }nw` b ib cftcb zn Ni nt o~t{`,

Bih~l`t nonc}i`t ggifd`t kn br~nii`t r~n wndab bw`l ib znwkbk nl ib Ntdwf{~wb

Hlntft 4?: #Bkl wndab ib znwkbk ` ib flt{w~ddfl kn Kf`t v d`cf kni jw~{`, Kf`t iinl` knhwbdfb j~n }bdfnl{n d`l Bkl v abgi d`l i!zt, 1#24&]nw` nii`t l` wnd`l`dfnw`l i` r~n abgblanda`) nl i~hbw kn nt` dbcflbw`l nl fldwnk~ifkbk) wndab blk` ib znwkbk) nznl{~bicnl{nfl{nl{blk` d~i}bw bi `{w`) v ni wnt~i{bk` j~n ib c~nw{n/tn}bwbdfl/knt{w~ddfl,

Hlntft 4?: :V zf` ib c~onw r~n ni wgì nwb g~nl` }bwb d`cnw) v r~n nwb bhwbkbgin b i`t ò`t) vwgì d`kfdfbgin }bwb bidbl bw ib tbgfk~wb5 v {`c kn t~ jw~{`) v d`cf5 v kf`{bcgfl b t~ cbwfk`) ni d~bi d`cf bt d`c` niib,

Hlntft 4?1#24 1V `vnw`l ib z` kn Ona`z Kf`t r~n tn }btnbgb nl ni a~nw{`) bi bfwn kni kb5 v nia`cgwn v t~ c~onw tn ntd`lkfnw`l kn ib }wntnldfb kn Ona`z Kf`t nl{wn i`t wgìntkni a~nw{`,6Cbt Ona`z Kf`t iibc bi a`cgwn) v in kfo`? Klkn nt{t {02=V i

wnt}`lkf? @ {~ z` nl ni a~nw{`) v {~zn cfnk`) }`wr~n nt{bgb kntl~k`5 v cnntd`lk,22V Kf`t in kfo`? R~fl {n nltn r~n nt{bgbt kntl~k`0 Abt d`cfk` kniwgì kn r~n v` {n cblk l` d`cfntnt027V ni a`cgwn wnt}`lkf? Ib c~onw r~n cnkft{n }`w d`c}bnwb cn kf` kni wgì) v v` d`c,24Nl{`ldnt Ona`z Kf`t kfo` b ibc~onw? R~ nt i` r~n abt anda`0 V kfo` ib c~onw? Ib tnw}fnl{n cn nlhb) v d`c,

Hlntft ;?4#2= #Nt dibw` kn ib Ntdwf{~wb r~n bcg`t) Dbl v Bgni) tbgbl r~n {f}` kn tbdwfjfdf`nwb ni r~n Kf`t r~nwb, Bgni) }`w jn) zfl` nl ib cblnwb kn Kf`t) b~lr~n Dbl l` dwnv b Kf`t v }`w nt` wndab ib znwkbk) v tn bdnwd nl t~ }w`}fb cblnwb, Ni wnt~i{bk` j~n r~n ni tbdwfjfdf` knDbl l` j~n bdn}{bgin b Kf`t, L`{n ib }bdfnldfb) ib cftnwfd`wkfb v ib hwbdfb kn Kf`t bi abgibw d`l i nl zt, :#8,B~lr~n ni wndab ` kn Dbl kn Kf`t v t~ kntn` kn r~n i wnd`l`dfnwb i` iinzb ib c~nw{n/tn}bwbdfl/knt{w~ddfl,!Hl, ;?6#2:&

Hlntft ;?4#2: 4V bd`l{ndf blkblk` ni {fnc}`) r~n Dbl {wbo` kni jw~{` kn ib {fnwwb ~lb `jwnlkb bOna`z,;V Bgni {wbo` {bcgfl kn i`t }wfc`hlf{`t kn t~t `znobt) kn i` ct h`wk`kn niibt, V cfw Ona`z d`l bhwbk` b Bgni v b t~ `jwnlkb5> }nw` l` cfw d`lbhwbk` b Dbl v b ib `jwnlkb t~vb, V tn nltb Dbl nl hwbl cblnwb) v kndbv t~tncgibl{n,:Nl{`ldnt Ona`z kfo` b Dbl? ]`w r~ {n abt nltbbk`) v }`w r~ abkndbk` {~ tncgibl{n08Tf gfnl afdfnwnt) l` tnwt nlbi{ndfk`0 V tf l` afdfnwnt gfnl)ni }ndbk` nt{ b ib }~nw{b5 d`l {`k` nt{`) b {f tnw t~ kntn`) v { {n nltn`wnbwt kni, 1V kfo` Dbl b t~ anwcbl` Bgni? Tbihbc`t bi dbc}`, V bd`l{ndf r~n nt{blk`nii`t nl ni dbc}`) Dbl tn inzbl{ d`l{wb t~ anwcbl` Bgni) v i` cb{,6V Ona`zkfo` b Dbl? Klkn nt{ Bgni {~ anwcbl`0 V i wnt}`lkf? L` t, T`v v` bdbt`

h~bwkb kn cf anwcbl`02=

V i in kfo`? R~ abt anda`0 Ib z` kn ib tblhwn kn {~anwcbl` dibcb b c kntkn ib {fnwwb,22Ba`wb) }~nt) cbikf{` tnbt { kn ib {fnwwb) r~nbgwf t~ g`db }bwb wndfgfw kn {~ cbl` ib tblhwn kn {~ anwcbl`,27D~blk` ibgwnt ib{fnwwb) l` {n zìznw b kbw t~ j~nw b5 nwwbl{n v nq{wblonw` tnwt nl ib {fnwwb,24V kfo`Dbl b Ona`z? Hwblkn nt cf dbt{fh` }bwb tnw t`}`w{bk`,2;An br~ cn ndabt a`v knib {fnwwb) v kn {~ }wntnldfb cn ntd`lknw) v tnw nwwbl{n v nq{wblonw` nl ib {fnwwt~dnknw r~n d~bir~fnwb r~n cn abiibwn) cn cb{bw,2>V in wnt}`lkf Ona`z?Dfnw{bcnl{n d~bir~fnwb r~n cb{bwn b Dbl) tfn{n zndnt tnw dbt{fhbk`, Nl{`ldntOna`z }~t` tnbi nl Dbl) }bwb r~n l` i` cb{btn d~bir~fnwb r~n in abiibwb,2:Tbif) }~nt) Dbl kn knibl{n kn Ona`z) v abgf{ nl {fnwwb kn L`k) bi `wfnl{n kn Nkl,

D`l{fl~blk`) iinhbc`t b L` v bi {fnc}` kni kfi~zf` nlHlntft :#8,Ibt }nwt`lbt nl nt`t kbtnwbl }nwznwtbt v l` nt{bgbl zfzfnlk` ~lb zfkb d`c` Kf`t abgb fl{nl{bk`,!Hl, :?>)22) 27&

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{`k`, ;]nw` dbwln d`l t~ zfkb) r~n nt t~ tblhwn) l` d`cnwft,>]`wr~n dfnw{bcnl{nkncblkbw ib tblhwn kn z~nt{wbt zfkbt5 kn cbl` kn {`k` blfcbi ib kncblkbw) vkn cbl` kni a`cgwn5 kn cbl` kni zbwl t~ anwcbl` kncblkbw ib zfkb knia`cgwn,: Ni r~n knwwbcbwn tblhwn kn a`cgwn) }`w ni a`cgwn t~ tblhwn tnwknwwbcbkb5 }`wr~n b fcbhnl kn Kf`t nt anda` ni a`cgwn,8Cbt z`t`{w`tjw~d{fjfdbk v c~i{f}ifdb`t5 }w`dwnbk bg~lkbl{ncnl{n nl ib {fnwwb) v c~i{f}ifdb`t nlniib,

Ib znwkbk ggifdb tn dnl{wb nl Ont~dwft{`,Ni nt 'ni dbcfl`) ibznwkbk v ib zfkb'# O~bl 2;?:,Dwft{` zfl` 'iinl` kn hwbdfb v kn znwkbk' # O~bl 2?2;#28,Tf wndab bc`t ib znwkbk) gtfdbcnl{n nt{bc`t wndab blk` b Ont~dwft{` cftc`,!Ang, :?:&

O~bl 2;?: :Ontt in kfo`? V` t`v ni dbcfl`) v ib znwkbk) v ib zfkb5 lbkfn zfnln bi ]bkwn) tfl` }`w c,

O~bl 2?2;#28 2;V br~ni Znwg` j~n anda` dbwln) v abgf{ nl{wn l`t`{w`t !v zfc`t t~ hi`wfb) hi`wfbd`c` kni ~lfhlf{` kni ]bkwn&) iinl` kn hwbdfb v kn znwkbk,2>O~bl kf` {nt{fc`lf` kni) v dibc kfdfnlk`? Nt{n nt kn r~fnl v` kndb? Ni r~n zfnln knt}~t kn c) ntbl{nt kn c5 }`wr~n nwb }wfcnw` r~n v`,2:]`wr~n kn t~ }inlf{~k {`cbc`t {`k`t) vhwbdfb t`gwn hwbdfb,28]~nt ib inv }`w cnkf` kn C`ftt j~n kbkb) }nw` ib hwbdfb v ibznwkbk zflfnw`l }`w cnkf` kn Ont~dwft{`,

Angwn`t :?: :v wndbvnw`l) tnbl `{wb zn wnl`zbk`t }bwb bwwn}nl{fcfnl{`) dw~dfjfdblk` kn l~nz` }bwb t cftc`t bi Afo` kn Kf t v nq}`lflkìn b zf{~}nwf`,

]bgi` l`t kb ~lb bkznw{nldfb j~nw{n

Hib{bt 2?:#6#V l~nzbcnl{n nl db}{~i` 4?2#4,R~n l` tnbc`t nlhbbk`t) lf wndabdnc`t ib znwkbk,

Hib{bt 2?:#6 :Nt{`v cbwbzfiibk` kn r~n {bl }w`l{` `t abvft binobk` kni r~n `t iibc }`w ibhwbdfb kn Dwft{`) }bwb tnh~fw ~l nzblhnif` kfjnwnl{n,8 L` r~n abvb `{w`) tfl r~nabv bih~l`t r~n `t }nw{~wgbl v r~fnwnl }nwznw{fw ni nzblhnif` kn Dwft{`,1Cbt tfb~l l`t`{w`t) ` ~l lhni kni dfni`) `t bl~ldfbwn `{w` nzblhnif` kfjnwnl{n kni r~n `tanc`t bl~ldfbk`) tnb blb{ncb,6D`c` bl{nt anc`t kfda`) {bcgfl ba`wb i` wn}f{`?Tf bih~l` `t }wnkfdb kfjnwnl{n nzblhnif` kni r~n abgft wndfgfk`) tnb blb{ncb,

Hib{bt 4?2#4 2@a hib{bt fltnltb{`t" R~fl `t jbtdfl }bwb l` `gnkndnw b ib znwkbk) b z`t`{w`tbl{n d~v`t ò`t Ont~dwft{` j~n vb }wntnl{bk` dibwbcnl{n nl{wn z`t`{w`t d`c`dw~dfjfdbk`07Nt{` tì` r~fnw` tbgnw kn z`t`{w`t? Wndfgft{nft ni Nt}wf{~ }`w ibt`gwbt kn ib inv) ` }`w ni `w d`l jn04[bl lndf`t t`ft0 Abgfnlk` d`cnl bk` }`w niNt}wf{~) ba`wb zbft b bdbgbw }`w ib dbwln0

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Ni d l`dfcfnl{` ggifd`#Inddfl 7'Ni ]wfcnw bc`w'

Ib fhintfb kn Njnt` nwb ~lb g~nlb fhintfb

B}`dbif}tft 7?2#4 #Ni cnltbon b ib fhintfb kn Njnt`, Cfwn l~nzbcnl{n b i`tznwtd~i`t 7 v 4?nwb ~lb g~nlb fhintfb) nt{b nwb ~lb fhintfb nl ib d~bi ni b}t{ì flzfw{f cbt {fnc}` r~n nllflh~lb `{wb fhintfb, Nii`t nwbl ~lb fhintfb r~n tnwzb) nwbl kfifhnl{nt) b}bw{bk`t v tbdwfjfdfbint5nii`t abgbl anda` c~dabt d`tbt, B~lr~n) niznwtd~i` ;##abgbl knobk`) l` }nwkfk`) }nw`knobk` ni }wfcnw bc`w,

B}`dbif}tft 7?2#; 2Ntdwfgn bi lhni kn ib fhintfb nl Njnt`? Ni r~n {fnln ibt tfn{n nt{wniibt nl t~kfnt{wb) ni r~n blkb nl cnkf` kn i`t tfn{n dblkninw`t kn `w`) kfdn nt{`? 7V`d`l` d` {~t `gwbt) v {~ bwk~` {wbgbo` v }bdfnldfb5 V r~n l` }~nknt t`}`w{bw b i`tcbi`t) v abt }w`gbk` b i`t r~n tn kfdnl tnw b}t{ìnt) v l` i` t`l) v i`t abtabiibk` cnl{fw`t`t54v >Wnd~nwkb) }`w {bl{`) kn klkn abt dbk`) vbwwn}fl{n{n) v ab ibt }wfcnwbt `gwbt5 }~nt tf l`) znlkw }w`l{` b {f) vr~f{bw {~ dblkninw` kn t~ i~hbw) tf l` {n a~gfnwnt bwwn}nl{fk`,

R~ nt ni }wfcnw bc`w0 ]wfcnw bc`w nt ntb wnibdfl flfdfbi !bc`w kn i~lb kn cfni& d`l Dwft{`knt}~t kn ib tbizbdfl) v ni wnt~i{bk` kn nt{` nt ~lb jn d`c` ib kn ~l lf`,

B}`dbif}tft 7?> >Wnd~nwkb) }`w {bl{`) kn klkn abt dbk`) v bwwn}fl{n{n) v ab ibt }wfcnwbt `gwbt5 }~nt tf l`) znlkw }w`l{` b {f) v r~f{bw {~ dblkninw` kn t~ i~hbw) tf l` {n a~gfnwntbwwn}nl{fk`,

L`{n r~n nl niznwtd~i` >) tn l`t kfdnl {wnt d`tbt?2, 'Wnd~nwkb kn k lkn abt dbk`', Wnd~nwkb) d`c nwb d~blk` zflft{n bi d`l dfcfnl{` kn

Dwft{`5 l` }`kbc`t nt}nwbw }bwb flznw{fw {fnc}` nl ib ]bibgwb b}wnlkfnlk` ct bdnwdbkn Ni) l` }`kbc`t nt}nwbw }bwb `wbw n fw b ib fhintfb,

7, 'Bwwn}fl{n{n', Ib }bibgwb bwwn}nl{fcfnl{` tfhlfjfdb dbcgfbw kn j`wcb kn }nltbw,Dbcgfb ib cblnwb nl ib r~n nt{t }nltblk` v }`l {~ cnl{n l~nzbcnl{n nl d`c` nwb nlni }wfldf}f`,

4, 'V ab ibt }wfcnwbt `gwbt', Ni {fnc}` r~n j~n flznw{fk` nl ib wbdfl) nl ib ]bibgwb)kftjw~{blk` kni Tbizbk`w5 nt`t j~nw`l {fnc}`t c~v nt}ndfbint) l` {~zfc`t r~nj`w bwi`t) tfl` r~n l`t `d~wwfnw`l lb{~wbicnl{n,

L`{n bi jflbi kniznwtd~i` >? '` tfl` znlkw b z`t`{w`t v wnc`znw t~ dblkninw`', I`tdwnvnl{nt kngnl tnw tbi v i~ ) v dwn` r~n i` r~n ni Tn`w nt{ kfdfnlk` br~ nt r~n Ni vb l` zb b }nwcf{fw r~n tnbc t ~lb i~ b br~nii t r~n l`t w`knbl,

G, C~da`t dwft{fbl`t a`v abl knobk` t~ '}wfcnw bc`w' GBr~ nt{ ~l d~bkw` kn c~da`t dwft{fbl`t) nl c~dabt fhintfbt a`v) v bi cfwbw bi c~lk` znc`tni cftc` }w`gincb, Dwft{fbl`t r~n bcbl bi Tn`w) }nwt`lbt r~n nt{l i~dablk` nl t~wnibdfld`l ni Tn`w) i~dablk` nl t~ tnwzfdf` b i) i~dablk` nl t~t wnibdf`lnt nl{wn ~l`t v`{w`t, T`lhnl{n g`lkbk`tb r~n zb b ib fhintfb) }nw` r~n tn {wb{bl cbi ~l`t b `{w`t) }nw` r~n abl tfk`

hì}nbk`t }`w i`t }w`gincbt kn ib zfkb, C~da`t kn nii`t abl }nwkfk` t~ h` ` v dni`

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}`w ni Tn`w d`c` kfdn nl B}`dbif}tft 7'abl knobk` t~ }wfcnw bc`w' v nl d`ltnd~nldfb) niTn`w vb l` i`t {fnln d`c` i~ ,

Nl c~dabt fhintfbt ggifdbt abl c~dabt jbcfifbt r~n nl bihl {fnc}` abl tfk` }fibwnt kn ib

fhintfb, Bih~l`t j~nw`l }bt{`wnt) `{w`t bldfbl`t) bih~l`t nt{bgbl kfwfhfnlk` nt{~kf`t ggifd`tnl t~t a`hbwnt v nltnblk` nl ib ntd~nib k`cflfdbi5 nii`t {wbbl hnl{n bi Tn`w) v {bcgfl{wbbl hnl{n b ib fhintfb) }nw` a`v) l` {fnlnl lflhl fl{nwt nl ibt d`tbt nt}fwf{~bint, C~da`t tnabl tn}bwbk` kn t~ nt}`tb ` nt}`t`) t~t jbcfifbt tn abl knt{w~fk`) t~t afo`t nt{l i~dablk`) ibhwbl cbv`wb lf tfr~fnwb inn ib Gfgifb lf zb b ib fhintfb) abl knobk` t~ }wfcnw bc`w,

^lb dbw{b {wft{n }nw` znwkbknwb,

Ib tfh~fnl{n nt ~lb }`wdfl kn ~lb dbw{b kn ~l nt{~kfbl{n kn ~l tncflbwf` nl Flkfb,

Nt{`v gfnl nqdn}{` r~n {nlh` d`lt{bl{nt jw~t{wbdf`lnt t`gwn cft knww`{bt v jwbdbt`t, I~da` d`l ni }ndbk , T r~n nt{` nt }ndbk` v r~n l r~fnw` abdnwi`) }nw` ab iinhbk` b tnw ~lb bkfddfl, Tfnl{` nt{b d`c}~itfl wn}nl{flb v nl{`ldnt dbfh`, Ib jbi{b kn ~ld`c}bnwftc` b}w`}fbk` d`l i`t dwnvnl{nt {nlh` r~n bbkfwi` b cf jw~t{wbdfl, Cn

tfnl{` t i` dbtf {`k`t i t kbt, I`t nt{~kfbl{nt br~ abgibl kn {n i`hb) }fnltbl nl ib{nì`hb v kftd~{nl bdnwdb kn ib {nì`hb) }nw` lflh~l` }bwndn r~n ab nq}nwfcnl{bk` ni bc`w kn Kf`t, [`k`t t`c`t zd{fcbt kni fl{nind{~biftc` v lndntf{bc`t ~whnl{ncnl{n ibcnkfdflb kni bc`w v ib }wn`d~}bdfl c~{~b, Knl{w` kn d~b{w` cntnt hwbk~bw) }nw`l` an b}wnlkfk` ~lb d`tb tnldfiib nl cf zfkb dwft{fblb }wd{fdb, Cf dbgn b nt{ iinlbkn {nì`hb }nw` an kndiflbk` nl cf zfkb t`dfbi) nt}fwf{~bi v c`wbi, Dc` }~nk` v`cflft{wbw ib ]bibgwb kn Kf`t b `{w`t d~blk` ib ]bibgwb l` nt wnbi nl cf zfkb0 L~ldban nt{bk` nl lndntfkbk kn `wbdfl d`c` i` nt{`v ba`wb, Nt{`v }nwkfnlk` cf jn, Cn

}bwndn r~n ni dwft{fblftc` nt ~lb ift{b kn abdnw v l abdnw, [`kbzb blt` tbg`wnbw ni znwkbknw` dwft{fblftc` bt r~n `wb }`w c,

Ni dwft{fblftc` kn af}kw`c`

]bwndn r~n W`cbl`t 2=?7 b{bdb bi }w`gincb, @ b ~l a`cgwn kndfw r~n nt{n nwb niznwtd~i` kni dwft{fblftc` kn af}kw`c`) abv c~dab bd{fzfkbk }nw` l` tn bzbl b, Tfc}incnl{nd`l{fl~bc`t nl dwd~i`t v bi abdnwi` l` iinhbc`t b lflhl ibk`, Ni dwft{fblftc` kn af}kw`c`l`t iinzb abdfb ~lb d`tb##nt{bw dbltbk`t) r~ncbk`t) tfl jn v tfl jw~{`) tfl }`knw nl ib zfkb }bwb }w`k~dfwi`,

W`cbl`t 2=?7 7]`wr~n v` int k`v {nt{fc`lf` kn r~n {fnlnl dni` kn Kf`t) }nw` l` d`lj`wcn bdfnldfb,

Abv ~lb }bibgwb r~n tn ~tb c~da` nl dwd~i`t dwft{fbl`t a`v v nt ib }bibgwb 'nl{wnhb',Nt{b }bibgwb iinzb nl t ib fknb kn tnwzfw bi Tn`w nl l~nt{w`t }w`}f`t ntj~nw `t) nl l~nt{w` }w`}f` }`knw, 'Nl{wnhb {~ zfkb bi Tn`w') tn l`t kfdn, 'D lthwbin {~ zfkb) knkfdb {~ zfkb)wnknkfdb {~ zfkb', Nt dibw` nl ib Ntdwf{~wb r~n ntb l` nt ib cblnwb nl ib r~n Kf`t fl{nl{b r~nzfzbc`t l~nt{wb zfkb dwft{fblb,!W`, 8?215 Ol, :?:4&

W`cbl`t 8?21 21V v` t r~n nl c) nt{` nt) nl cf dbwln) l` c`wb ni gfnl5 }`wr~n ni r~nwnw ni gfnl

nt{ nl c) }nw` l` ni abdnwi`,

O~bl :?:4 :4Ni nt}wf{~ nt ni r~n kb zfkb5 ib dbwln }bwb lbkb b}w`zndab5 ibt }bibgwbt r~n v` `t

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an abgibk` t`l nt}wf{~ v t`l zfkb,

Ni cftc` }w`gincb bl{fh~`

Nt{n l` nt ~l }w`gincb l~nz`) cbt gfnl nt ~l }w`gincb r~n ab }ibhbk` b ib fhintfb kntkn ni

d`cfnl `, !H, 4?2#45 H, >?8&Nt ~lb tf{~bdfl tfcfibw d`c` ib r~n zfc`t nl ib fhintfb knNjnt` nl B}`dbif}tft 7,

Hib{bt 4?2#4 2@a hib{bt fltnltb{`t" R~fl `t jbtdfl }bwb l` `gnkndnw b ib znwkbk) b z`t`{w`tbl{n d~v`t ò`t Ont~dwft{` j~n vb }wntnl{bk` dibwbcnl{n nl{wn z`t`{w`t d`c`dw~dfjfdbk`07Nt{` tì` r~fnw` tbgnw kn z`t`{w`t? Wndfgft{nft ni Nt}wf{~ }`w ibt`gwbt kn ib inv) ` }`w ni `w d`l jn04[bl lndf`t t`ft0 Abgfnlk` d`cnl bk` }`w niNt}wf{~) ba`wb zbft b bdbgbw }`w ib dbwln0

Hib{bt >?8 8Z`t`{w`t d`wwbft gfnl5 R~fl `t nt{`wg }bwb l` `gnkndnw b ib znwkbk0

Ni wncnkf` kn Kf`t }bwb ni kfincb kni a`cgwn

D~i nt ib wnt}~nt{b bi dwft{fblftc` kn af}kw`c`0 Nt{bc`t kftnbk`t }bwb d`wwnw nl ni }`knw kn Kf`t l` nl ni }`knw r~n l`t`{w`t }`kbc`t }w`k~dfw,Br~ abv bih~l`t znwtd~i`tr~n l`t }~nknl bv~kbw?2 D`, 2>?6) 2=5 Dì, 2?765 Jfi, 7?24,

2 D`wfl{f`t 2>?6)2= 6]`wr~n v` t`v ni ct }nr~n` kn i`t b}t{ìnt) r~n l` t`v kfhl` kn tnw iibcbk` b}t{ì) }`wr~n }nwtnh~ b ib fhintfb kn Kf`t,2=]nw` }`w ib hwbdfb knKf`t t`v i` r~n t`v5 v t~ hwbdfb l` ab tfk` nl zbl` }bwb d`lcfh`) bl{nt an{wbgbobk` ct r~n {`k`t nii`t5 }nw` l` v`) tfl` ib hwbdfb kn Kf`t d`lcfh`,

Dì`tnltnt 2?76 76 }bwb i` d~bi {bcgfl {wbgbo`) i~dablk` tnhl ib }`{nldfb kn i) ib d~bi bd{b }`knw`tbcnl{n nl c,

Jfif}nltnt 7?24 24 }`wr~n Kf`t nt ni r~n nl z t`{w`t }w`k~dn bt ni r~nwnw d`c` ni abdnw) }`w t~ g~nlb zì~l{bk,

L~nzbcnl{n) d ltfknwnc`t i d`cnl{bk` bl{nwf`wcnl{n) 'nt{bc`t kftnbk`t }bwb d`wwnw nl ni }`knw kn Kf`t) l` nl ni }`knw r~n l t`{w`t }`kbc`t }w`k~dfw,!7 D`, 27?6) 2=5 Ft, ;=?76#42&Abv c~da`t dwft{fbl`t a`v r~n nt{l nl knww`{b cftnwbgin nl ni cflft{nwf` kngfk` bi anda` knr~n nt{l d`wwfnlk` nl t~ }w`}f` }`knw, ]bt{`wnt) cftf`lnw`t v cbnt{w`t kn ntd~nib k`cflfdbi b{wbzt kn {`k` ni c~lk`) r~n nt{l knww`{bk`t) r~ncbk`t) tfl jn v tfl jw~{` nl t~ zfkb dwft{fblb,!Ol, 2>?;#:5 Ada, >?41) 46&[nlh` r~n nljb{f bw nt{`? tf nt ~lb `gwb kn a`cgwn) kntb}bwndnw,]nw` tf nt ib `gwb kn Kf`t {~ l` ib }~nknt }bwbw,

7 D`wfl{f`t 27?6) 2=6V cn ab kfda`? Gt{b{n cf hwbdfb5 }`wr~n cf }`knw tn }nwjnddf`lb nl ibkngfifkbk, ]`w {bl{`) kn g~nlb hblb cn hi`wfbw ct gfnl nl cft kngfifkbknt) }bwb r~n wn}`tn t`gwn c ni }`knw kn Dwft{`,

Ftbbt ;=?76#42 76Ni kb ntj~nw ` bi dbltbk`) v c~i{f}ifdb ibt j~nw bt bi r~n l` {fnln lflh~lbt,4=I`t c~dabda`t tn jb{fhbl v tn dbltbl) i`t oznlnt jibr~nbl v dbnl542 }nw` i`tr~n nt}nwbl b Ona`z {nlkwl l~nzbt j~nw bt5 inzbl{bwl bibt d`c` ibt h~fibt5d`wwnwl) v l` tn dbltbwl5 dbcflbwl) v l` tn jb{fhbwl,

O~bl 2>?;#: ; ]nwcblndnk nl c) v v` nl z`t`{w`t, D`c` ni }c}bl` l` }~nkn iinzbw jw~{` }`w t cftc`) tf l` }nwcblndn nl ib zfk) bt {bc}`d` z`t`{w`t) tf l }nwcblndft nl c,>V` t`v ib zfk) z`t`{w`t i`t }c}bl`t5 ni r~n }nwcblndn nlc) v v` nl i) t{n iinzb c~da` jw~{`5 }`wr~n tn}bwbk`t kn c lbkb }`kftabdnw,: Ni r~n nl c l` }nwcblndn) tnw ndabk` j~nwb d`c` }c}bl`) v tntndbw5 v i`t wnd`hnl) v i`t ndabl nl ni j~nh`) v bwknl,

Anda`t >?41) 46 41V ba`wb `t kfh`? B}bw{b`t kn nt{`t a`cgwnt) v knobki`t5 }`wr~n tf nt{n d`ltno`` nt{b `gwb nt kn i`t a`cgwnt) tn kntzblndnw546cbt tf nt kn Kf`t) l` ib }`kwft

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knt{w~fw5 l` tnft {bi zn abiibk`t i~dablk` d`l{wb Kf`t,

L~nt{wb hwbl lndntfkbk kn ~l 'knt}nw{bw kn ib hwbdfb'

]`tfgincnl{n ib hwbl lndntfkbk kn ib fhintfb kn Ont~dwft{` a`v nl kb nt ~l knt}nw{bw kn ib

hwbdfb,7 ]nkw` 4?21##'cbt dwndnk nl ib hwbdfb', Ib hwbdfb nt ni dblbi r~n Kf`t ab ntd`hfk` l`tìbcnl{n }bwb tbizbwl`t tfl` {bcgfl }bwb kbwl`t }`knw nl l~nt{wbt zfkbt, Ib hwbdfb nt ~lwnhbi` hwb{~f{` kn Kf`t) ~l jbz`w flcnwndfk`) Kf`t `gwblk` }bwb ni a`cgwn) l` abdnc`t lbkb }bwb cnwndnwi`, Nl dbkb i~hbw r~n znc t nl l~nt{wbt Gfgifbt znc`t ib hwbdfb kn Kf`t,!7 D`,1?6#2;5 Ol, 2?2;) 2:#285 [f{` 4?>#8&

7 ]nkw` 4?21 21Bl{nt gfnl) dwndnk nl ib hwbdfb v ni d`l`dfcfnl{` kn l~nt{w` Tn`w v Tbizbk`w Ont~dwft{`, B i tnb hi`wfb ba`wb v abt{b ni kb kn ib n{nwlfkbk, Bcl,

7 D`wfl{f`t 1?6#2; 6]`wr~n vb d`l`dft ib hwbdfb kn l~nt{w` Tn`w Ont~dwft{`) r~n }`w bc`w bz`t`{w`t tn af ` }`gwn) tfnlk` wfd`) }bwb r~n z`t`{w`t d`l t~ }`gwn b j~ntnftnlwfr~ndfk`t,2=V nl nt{` k`v cf d`ltno`5 }`wr~n nt{` `t d`lzfnln b z`t`{w`t)r~n d`cnl bt{nft bl{nt) l` ti` b abdnwi`) tfl` {bcgfl b r~nwnwi`) kntkn ni b` }btbk`,22Ba`wb) }~nt) iinzbk {bcgfl b dbg` ni abdnwi`) }bwb r~n d`c`nt{~zft{nft }w`l{`t b r~nwnw) bt {bcgfl i` nt{ft nl d~c}ifw d`lj`wcn b i` r~n{nlhft,27]`wr~n tf }wfcnw` abv ib zì~l{bk kft}~nt{b) tnw bdn}{b tnhl i` r~n~l` {fnln) l` tnhl i` r~n l` {fnln,24]`wr~n l` kfh` nt{` }bwb r~n abvb }bwb`{w`t aìh~wb) v }bwb z`t`{w`t nt{wndan )2;tfl` }bwb r~n nl nt{n {fnc}`) d`lfh~bikbk) ib bg~lkbldfb z~nt{wb t~}ib ib ntdbtn kn nii`t) }bwb r~n {bcgfl ibbg~lkbldfb kn nii`t t~}ib ib lndntfkbk z~nt{wb) }bwb r~n abvb fh~bikbk)

O~bl 2?2;) 2:#28 2;V br~ni Znwg` j~n anda` dbwln) v abgf{ nl{wn l`t`{w`t !v zfc`t t~ hi`wfb)hi`wfb d`c` kni ~lfhlf{` kni ]bkwn&) iinl` kn hwbdfb v kn znwkbk,2:]`wr~n kn t~ }inlf{~k {`cbc`t {`k`t) v hwbdfb t`gwn hwbdfb,28]~nt ib inv }`w cnkf` kn C`fttj~n kbkb) }nw` ib hwbdfb v ib znwkbk zflfnw`l }`w cnkf` kn Ont~dwft{`,

[f{` 4?>#8 >

l`t tbiz) l` }`w `gwbt kn o~t{fdfb r~n l`t`{w`t a~gfwbc`t anda`) tfl` }`w t~cftnwfd`wkfb) }`w ni ibzbcfnl{` kn ib wnhnlnwbdfl v }`w ib wnl`zbdfl nl niNt}wf{~ Tbl{`):ni d~bi knwwbc nl l`t`{w`t bg~lkbl{ncnl{n }`w Ont~dwft{`l~nt{w` Tbizbk`w)8 }bwb r~n o~t{fjfdbk`t }`w t~ hwbdfb) zflftnc`t b tnw anwnknw`td`lj`wcn b ib nt}nwbl b kn ib zfkb n{nwlb,

Ib znwkbknwb hwbdfb ggifdb nt cbt r~n ~lb cnwb `wbdfl r~n ~l` kfdn nl ibt d`cfkbt5 W`cbl`t >?28 kfdn) Nt{n nl{nlkfcfnl{` kn ib hwbdfb kn Kf`t nt j~lkbcnl{bi bi dwft{fblftc`cbt b~l) tì` ib hwbdfb }~nkn abdnwl`t ifgwnt l` tìbcnl{n kn ib }nlb kni }ndbk`) }nw` {bcgflkni }`knw kni }`knw !W , :?2;&

W`cbl`t >?28 28

]~nt tf }`w ib {wblthwntfl kn ~l` tì` wnfl ib c~nw{n) c~da` ct wnflbwl nlzfkb }`w ~l` tì`) Ont~dwft{`) i`t r~n wndfgnl ib bg~lkbldfb kn ib hwbdfb v kni k`lkn ib o~t{fdfb,

W`cbl`t :?2; 2;]`wr~n ni }ndbk` l` tn nltn`wnbw kn z`t`{w`t5 }~nt l` nt{ft gbo` ib inv) tfl` gbo` ib hwbdfb,

Ib hwbdfb knjflfkb v nq}ifdbkb

Kf`t tn cblfjfnt{b b l`t`{w`t d`c` ni Kf`t kn {`kb hwbdfb v ib }`tfdfl nl ib d~bi nt{bc`t }~nt{`t nt r~n t c`t wndf}fnl{nt kn t~ hwbdfb, Ib ]bibgwb jbz`w nt ni tfllfc` ct dnwdbl` knib }bibgwb hwbdfb nl ib Gfgifb, Ib hwbdfb nt ~l jbz`w) v jbz`w nt hwbdfb) v nt{n nt zft{` d`c`

~l hwbl {wf~lj` v hi`wfb nl ib ntjnwb kn ib kntnt}nwbdfl a~cblb, Ib hwbdfb dntb kn tnw hwbdfb tfKf`t nt c`zfk` b r~f{bwib }`wr~n anc`t jwbdbtbk` a~cblbcnl{n ` }ndbk`, Kn anda`) ib hwbdfb

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l` }~nkn tnw nonwdf{bkb k`lkn abvb ni cbt }nr~n` hwbk` kn cwf{` a~cbl` r~n wnd`l`dnw,!W`, 2?:&

W`cbl`t 2?: :nl{wn ibt d~bint nt{ft {bcgfl z`t`{w`t) iibcbk`t b tnw kn Ont~dwft{`5

Kf`t l` }~nkn }w`}`lnw tnw cnl`w nl hwbdfb }`w ~l` r~n nt }ndbk`w r~n i` r~n Ni ab anda` }`w `{w` r~n nt cnl`t }ndbk`w, Ib }wnh~l{b kni }ndbk` ab tfk` }~nt{b b ~l bik` }bwb tfnc}wn) nicftc` jbz`w v hwbdfb t`l nq{nlkfk`t b {`k`t r~fnlnt dwnnl, Btf r~n ib hwbdfb l` }~nkn dwndnw lf {bc}`d` kngfif{bwtn,

Ni ljbtft kn ]bgi` nl ib hwbdfb

Ib hwbdfb kn Kf`t nt l~nt{wb hwbl lndntfkbk, Tf j~wbc`t b cfwbw b ibt {wndn n}t{ìbt kn ]bgi`nl ni L~nz` [nt{bcnl{`) znwnc`t r~n ni d`cfnl b v {nwcflb dbkb ~lb kn niibt d`l ni cftc`cnltbon, Nl dbkb n}t{ìb) knt}~t kni tbi~k` abdn nt{n d`cnl{bwf`5'ib hwbdfb v }b b z`t`{w`tkn Kf`t l~nt{w` ]bkwn v kni Tn`w Ont~dwft{`' v ni {nwcflb dbkb n}t{ìb d`l nt{`? 'ib hwbdfb kniTn`w Ont~dwft{` tnb d`l {`k`t z`t`{w`t', Ib }wfcnwb zn r~n znc`t nt{` nt nl W`cbl`t 2?85 W`cbl`t 2:?7;5 2 D`wfl{f`t 2?45 2 D`wfl{f`t 2:?74,

W`cbl`t 2?8 8b {`k`t i`t r~n nt{ft nl W`cb) bcbk`t kn Kf`t) iibcbk`t b tnw tbl{`t? Hwbdfb v }b b z`t`{w`t) kn Kf`t l~nt{w` ]bkwn v kni Tn`w Ont~dwft{`,

W`cbl`t 2:?2; 2;Tbi~kbk b Btldwf{`) b Jinh`l{n) b Anwcbt) b ]b{w`gbt) b Anwcnt v b i`tanwcbl`t r~n nt{l d`l nii`t,

2 D`wfl{f`t 2?4 4Hwbdfb v }b b z`t`{w`t) kn Kf`t l~nt{w` ]bkwn v kni Tn`w Ont~dwft{`,2 D`wfl{f`t 2:?74 74Ib hwbdfb kni Tn`w Ont~dwft{` nt{ d`l z`t`{w`t,

7 D`wfl{f`t 2?75 7 D`wfl{f`t 24?2;

Hib{bt 2?45 Hib{bt :?21Njntf`t 2?75 Njntf`t :?7;Jfif}nltnt 2?75 Jfif}nltnt ;?74Dì`tnltnt 2?75 Dì`tnltnt ;?212 [ntbi`lfdnltnt 2?25 2 [ntbi`lfdntltnt >?717 [ntbi`lfdnltnt 2?2)75 7 [ntbi`lfdnltnt 4?212 [fc`{n` 2?75 2 [fc`{n` :?727 [fc`{n` 2?75 7 [fc`{n` ;?77[f{` 2?;5 [f{` 4?2>Jfincl 2?45 Jfincl 2?7>

Bl ]nkw` i` cnldf`lb5 2 ]nkw` 2?75 7 ]nkw` 2?7,V jflbicnl{n) l`{n d`c` ni Tn`w abkndfkfk` {nwcflbw i`t ntdwf{`t kn ib Gfgifb,!B}`d, 77?72&

2 ]nkw` 2?7 7ninhfk`t tnhl ib }wntdfnldfb kn Kf`t ]bkwn nl tbl{fjfdbdfl kni Nt}wf{~) }bwb`gnkndnw v tnw w`dfbk`t d`l ib tblhwn kn Ont~dwft{`? Hwbdfb v }b `t tnblc~i{f}ifdbkbt,

7 ]nkw` 2?7 7Hwbdfb v }b `t tnbl c~i{f}ifdbkbt) nl ni d`l`dfcfnl{` kn Kf`t v kn l~nt{w`Tn`w Ontt,

B}`dbif}tft 77?72 72Ib hwbdfb kn l~nt{w` Tn`w Ont~dwft{` tnb d`l {`k`t z`t`{w`t, Bcl,

D`ldi~tfl

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Dc` nt r~n `g{nlnc`t ib hwbdfb kn Kf`t0 D`c` ib jn kn ~l lf` , !D`i, 7?:5 W`, >?7&I`kno` d`l nt{n }nltbcfnl{`? ni lfd` wnr~ftf{` r~n lndnt{fbc`t }bwb tnwzfw b Kf`t nt ib hwbdfb) vl~nt{wb lfdb wnt}`ltbgfifkbk nt dwnnw,!Ol, :?71) 76&

D`i`tnltnt 7?: :]`w {bl{`) kn ib cblnwb r~n abgft wndfgfk` bi Tn`w Ont~dwft{`) blkbk nl i5

W`cbl`t >?77

}`w r~fnl {bcgfl {nlnc`t nl{wbkb }`w ib jn b nt{b hwbdfb nl ib d~bi nt{bc`tjfwcnt) v l`t hi`wfbc`t nl ib nt}nwbl b kn ib hi`wfb kn Kf`t, O~bl :?71) 76 71Nl{`ldnt in kfonw`l? R~ kngnc`t abdnw }bwb }`lnw nl }wd{fdb ibt `gwbt kn

Kf`t076Wnt}`lkf Ontt v int kfo`? Nt{b nt ib `gwb kn Kf`t) r~n dwnft nl ni r~n iab nlzfbk`,

Ni d l`dfcfnl{` ggifd`#Inddfl 4

L` nt{bc`t gbo` ib inv tfl` gbo` ib hwbdfb

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I`t dwnvnl{nt l` nt{l gbo` ni tft{ncb kni inhbiftc` o~kbt{b bl{fh~`,

Nc}n nc`t cfwblk` W`cbl`t :?2; 'l` nt{bc`t gbo` ib inv tfl` gbo` ib hwbdfb', L`t bv~kbwc~da` knjflfw ni {wcfl` inv d`c` tn ~tb nl W`cbl`t :?2;, Gtfdbcnl{n ni {wcfl` 'inv' knib cblnwb r~n tn ~tb br~ tn wnjfnwn bi tft{ncb inhbift{b kn i`t o~k`t nl ib bl{fhnkbk) r~fnlnt

wnr~nwbl r~n ibt }nwt`lbt `vnwbl ib ]bibgwb) `gnkndfnwbl v nl{`ldnt btf nii`t wndfgfwbl gnlkfdf`lnt, !K{, 71?2) 7&Gtfdbcnl{n }`kwbc`t kndfw r~n abt{b ib znlfkb kn Dwft{` i`t o~k`tnt{bgbl `gwblk` }bwb Kf`t) }`wr~n ib inv d`cfnl b abdfnlk` nt{b }wnh~l{b? r~ kngn nia`cgwn abdnw0 B~lr~n) d`c` }`knc`t znw nl W`cbl`t :?2; i`t dwft{fbl`t l` nt{bc`t gbo`lflhl tft{ncb inhbift{b }bwb `g{nlnw bdn}{bdfl ` b}w`gbdfl kn Kf`t,

Kn~{nw`l cf` 71?2) 7 2Bd`l{ndnw r~n tf `vnwnt b{nl{bcnl{n ib z` kn Ona`z {~ Kf`t) }bwb h~bwkbw v }`lnw }`w `gwb {`k`t t~t cblkbcfnl{`t r~n v` {n }wntdwfg` a`v) {bcgflOna`z {~ Kf`t {n nqbi{bw t`gwn {`kbt ibt lbdf`lnt kn ib {fnwwb,7V znlkwlt`gwn {f {`kbt nt{bt gnlkfdf`lnt) v {n bidbl bwl) tf `vnwnt ib z` kn Ona`z {~Kf`t,

W`cbl`t :?2;2;

]`wr~n ni }ndbk` l` tn nltn`wnbw kn z`t`{w`t5 }~nt l` nt{ft gbo` ib inv)tfl` gbo` ib hwbdfb,

^lb }bibgwb kn }wndb~dflNi l` nt{bw gbo` ib inv) l` tfhlfjfdb r~n nt{bc`t ifgwnt }bwb bifcnl{bw l~nt{w`t kntn`t dbwlbint!H, >?24&, B~lr~n) tf r~fnwn kndfw r~n nt{bc`t ifgwnt }bwb dbcflbw d`l Kf`t v zfzfw ~lb zfkbifgwn kni }`knw kni }ndbk` b {wbzt kn T~ j`w{bin b) v l` nl l~nt{w`t }w`}f`t ntj~nw `t,!W`c, :?2; b&

Hib{bt >?24 24]`wr~n z`t`{w`t) anwcbl`t) b ifgnw{bk j~ft{nft iibcbk`t5 t`ibcnl{n r~n l` ~tftib ifgnw{bk d`c` `dbtfl }bwb ib dbwln) tfl` tnwz`t }`w bc`w i`t ~l`t b i`t `{w`t,

W`cbl`t :?2; b 2;]`wr~n ni }ndbk` l` tn nltn`wnbw kn z`t`{w`t5

^l nww`w d`cl nl ni dwft{fblftc`]bwndn abgnw ~l nww`w d`cl nl ni dwft{fblftc` a`v r~ncn dib ib inv d`l ib hwbdfb,InxftT}nwwv Dabjnw nl t~ ifgw` 'Ib Hwbdfb ni [ncb Hi`wf`t`' abdn nt{n d`cnl{bwf`?'tf l` nt 2==. hwbdfb nl{`ldnt nt inv',

Nt fc}`tfgin cn dibw ib inv d`l ib hwbdfb

Nl lflhl ibk` kn ib Ntdwf{~wb znc`t r~n tn cn dibl ib inv d`l ib hwbdfbnt fc}`tfgin , !W`,22?:) C{, 6?2:) 28& ##Ontt l` zfl` b wncnlkbw i` zfno`) Ni `jwndf bih` d`c}in{bcnl{n l~nz`,

Ib l~nzb nltnbl b kn ib hwbdfb l` nldbob d`l ib nltnbl b bl{fh~b kn ib inv, W`cbl`t 22?: :V tf }`w hwbdfb) vb l` nt }`w `gwbt5 kn `{wb cblnwb ib hwbdfb vb l` nt hwbdfb, V tf

}`w `gwbt) vb l` nt hwbdfb5 kn `{wb cblnwb ib `gwb vb l` nt `gwb, Cb{n` 6?2:) 28 2: Lbkfn }`ln wncfnlk` kn }b` l~nz` nl znt{fk` zfno`5 }`wr~n {bi wncfnlk` {fwb

kni znt{fk`) v tn abdn }n`w ib w`{~wb,28 Lf ndabl zfl` l~nz` nl `kwnt zfno`t5 kn `{wbcblnwb i`t `kwnt tn w`c}nl) v ni zfl` tn knwwbcb) v i`t `kwnt tn }fnwknl5 }nw`ndabl ni zfl` l~nz` nl `kwnt l~nz`t) v i` ~l` v i` `{w` tn d`ltnwzbl o~l{bcnl{n,

Ni cflft{nwf` kn Dwft{` nl t~t k`t bt}nd{`t

Nt`t k`t }wfldf}f`t)invv hwbdfb) nt{l {`{bicnl{n tn}bwbk`t bl nl ibt nltnbl bt kn

Dwft{`, ]bwb r~n l`t`{w`t }`kbc`t nl{nlknw nt{` znbc`t i`t k`t bt}nd{`t kni cflft{nwf` knDwft{`,!W`, 2>51) 6&L`{n nl niznwtd~i` 1##b i`t o~k`t zfl` }bwb d~c}ifw ibt }w`cntbt andabt

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b t~t }bkwnt b~lr~n nl niznwtd~i` 6##Ni nwb ni cflft{w` kn ib cftnwfd`wkfb b i`t hnl{fint, Ontt{~z` ~lb wnibdfl lfdb d`l ib lbdfl kn Ftwbni, Ni nwb ni r~n d~c}ifwb ibt hwblknt }w`cntbtcntflfdbt r~n j~nw`l kbkbt tìbcnl{n bi }~ngi` o~k`, Zn` c~v fl{nwntbl{n d~blk` Ni kfdn bid`cfnl ` kn t~ cflft{nwf`## C{, 2>?7;,Af ` ~l d`cnl{bwf` tfcfibw b t~t kftd}~i`t nl Cb{n`2=?> #D`c` ~l o~k`) Ni }nwt`lbicnl{n wnd`l`db) h~bwkbgb) nltnbgb v }nkb r~n tn

d~c}ifnwb ib inv }nw` d`c` ni Tbizbk`w v ib nt}nwbl b kni c~lk` Ni nt{bgindf ~l l~nz` nt{fi`kn zfkb r~n }nw{nlndn b i`t dwnvnl{nt gbo` ib hwbdfb,

W`cbl`t 2>?1) 6 1]~nt `t kfh`) r~n Dwft{` Ontt zfl` b tnw tfnwz` kn ib dfwd~ldftfl }bwb c`t{wbw ibznwkbk kn Kf`t) }bwb d`ljfwcbw ibt }w`cntbt andabt b i`t }bkwnt)6v }bwb r~n i`thnl{fint hi`wfjfr~nl b Kf`t }`w t~ cftnwfd`wkfb) d`c` nt{ ntdwf{`?]`w {bl{`) v` {nd`ljntbw nl{wn i`t hnl{fint) V dbl{bw b {~ l`cgwn,

Cb{n` 2>?7; 7;Ni wnt}`lkfnlk`) kfo`? L` t`v nlzfbk` tfl` b ibt `znobt }nwkfkbt kn ib dbtb knFtwbni,

Cb{n` 2=?>#8 >B nt{`t k`dn nlzf Ontt) v int kf` flt{w~ddf`lnt) kfdfnlk`? ]`w dbcfl` knhnl{fint l` zbvft) v nl df~kbk kn tbcbwf{bl`t l` nl{wft): tfl` fk bl{nt b ibt`znobt }nwkfkbt kn ib dbtb kn Ftwbni,8V vnlk`) }wnkfdbk) kfdfnlk`? Ni wnfl` kn i`tdfni`t tn ab bdnwdbk`,

Abgiblk` b i`t h`gnwlbl{nt o~k`t) Ontt af ` nt{n d`cnl{bwf`## C{, 26?28,]nw` d~blk` nt{~zàbgiblk` b ~l hw~}` r~n tnwb tbiz` }`w hwbdfb Ni kfo`## Ol, :?78#76,

Cnkf{nc`t nl nt{` ~l c`cnl{`? ib inv d`cfnl b abdfnlk` nt{b }wnh~l{b) r~ kngn abdnw nia`cgwn0!Id, 2=?71&]`w ni `{w` ibk`) ib hwbdfb d`cfnl b d`l nt{b }wnh~l{b) r~ nt i` r~nKf`t ab anda`0 ^l g~nl nonc}i` }`kwb tnw O~bl 4?2: '}`wr~n kn {bi cblnwb bc Kf`t bi c~lk` r~n ab kbk`', Br~ {nlnc`t k`t }wfldf}f`t r~n tn d`l{wb}`lnl) ib inv v ib hwbdfb) }`w i`{bl{` l` kngnc`t {wb{bw kn cn dibwi`t##vb r~n nqft{n ~lb dibwb kfzftf`l nl{wn nii`t,

Cb{n` 26?28 28Ni in kfo`? ]`w r~ cn iibcbt g~nl`0 Lflh~l` abv g~nl` tfl` ~l`? Kf`t, Cbt tfr~fnwnt nl{wbw nl ib zfkb) h~bwkb i`t cblkbcfnl{`t,

O~bl :?78#76 78[wbgbobk) l` }`w ib d`cfkb r~n }nwndn) tfl` }`w ib d`cfkb r~n b zfkb n{nwlb }nwcblndn) ib d~bi ni Afo` kni A`cgwn `t kbw5 }`wr~n b t{n tnbi Kf`t ni ]bkwn,71Nl{`ldnt in kfonw`l? R~ kngnc`t abdnw }bwb }`lnw nl }wd{fdb ibt `gwbt knKf`t076Wnt}`lkf Ontt v int kfo`? Nt{b nt ib `gwb kn Kf`t) r~n dwnft nl ni r~n iab nlzfbk`,

I~dbt 2=?71 71V in kfo`? Gfnl abt wnt}`lkfk`5 ab nt{`) v zfzfwt,

Ni hwbl kngb{n]btnc`t ba`wb b cfwbw ~l`t znwtd~i`t c~v fc}`w{bl{nt,!Ada, 2>?2) 75 :#2=&Ib kft}~{b br~ nt t`gwn ib inv) v ni kncblkbw r~n i`t dwnvnl{nt gbo` ib hwbdfb tn t`cn{bl b niibnt }w`z`dbw b Kf`t, L`{n i` r~n kfdn niz, 2=l~nzbcnl{n? nt ~l v~h` flt`}`w{bginl` tn }~nkn dbwhbw d`l ntn v~h`"

Anda`t 2>?2) 7 2Nl{`ldnt bih~l`t r~n znlbl kn O~knb nltnbgbl b i`t anwcbl`t? Tf l` `tdfwd~ldfkft d`lj`wcn bi wf{` kn C`ftt) l` }`kft tnw tbiz`t,7D`c` ]bgi` vGnwlbg {~zfntnl ~lb kftd~tfl v d`l{fnlkb l` }nr~nb d`l nii`t) tn kft}~t` r~nt~gfntnl ]bgi` v Gnwlbg b Onw~tbil) v bih~l`t `{w`t kn nii`t) b i`t b}t{ìnt v bi`t bldfbl`t) }bwb {wb{bw nt{b d~nt{fl,

Anda`t 2>?:#2= :V tn wn~lfnw`l i`t b}t{ìnt v i`t bldfbl`t }bwb d`l`dnw kn nt{n bt~l{`,8Vknt}~t kn c~dab kftd~tfl) ]nkw` tn inzbl{ v int kfo`? Zbw`lnt anwcbl`t)

z`t`{w`t tbgft dc` vb abdn bihl {fnc}` r~n Kf`t ntd`hf r~n i`t hnl{fint`vntnl }`w cf g`db ib }bibgwb kni nzblhnif` v dwnvntnl,1V Kf`t) r~n d`l`dn i`t

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d`wb `lnt) int kf` {nt{fc`lf`) klk`int ni Nt}wf{~ Tbl{` i` cftc` r~n b l`t`{w`t56v lflh~lb kfjnwnldfb af ` nl{wn l`t`{w`t v nii`t) }~wfjfdblk` }`w ib jn t~td`wb `lnt,2=Ba`wb) }~nt) }`w r~ {nl{ft b Kf`t) }`lfnlk` t`gwn ib dnwzf kn i`tkftd}~i`t ~l v~h` r~n lf l~nt{w`t }bkwnt lf l`t`{w`t anc`t }`kfk` iinzbw0

Ni v~h` kni Tn`w Ont~dwft{` nt jdfi

B~lr~n) cfwn i` r~n Ontt kfdn bdnwdb kn dbcflbw }`w jn v kn zfzfw gbo` ib hwbdfb,!Cb{n`22?71#4=&

Cb{n` 22?71#4= 71Znlfk b c {`k`t i`t r~n nt{ft {wbgbobk`t v dbwhbk`t) v v` `t abw kntdbltbw,76Iinzbk cf v~h` t`gwn z`t`{w`t) v b}wnlknk kn c) r~n t`v cblt` v a~cfikn knd`wb l5 v abiibwft kntdblt` }bwb z~nt{wbt bicbt54= }`wr~n cf v~h` nt jdfi) vifhnwb cf dbwhb,

R~fnw` wndbidbw ~l }bw kn d`tbt nl nt{`t znwtd~i`t,

2, Znwtd~i` 76#'{`cbk cf v~h` t`gwn z`t`{w`t'D~i nt ni lfd` v~h` r~nOntt }`ln t`gwn l`t`{w`t0 Nt ni v~h` kn ib jn, L~nzbcnl{n)D`i`tnltnt 7?:,

7, Nl ni cftc` znwtd~i`) Ni kfdn'b}wnlknk kn cf r~n t`l cblt` v a~cfikn knd`wb l' , Ontt l` }`ln ~l c`l{l kn kncblkbt t`gwn l`t`{w`t5 7 ]nkw` 2?4,Cfwn i` r~n kfdn ba'b}wnlknk kn cf' nl Cb{n` v 'b {wbzt kni d`l`dfcfnl{`kn Ni' nl 7 ]nkw ,

4, Znwtd~i` 4=##t~ v~h` nt jdfi) r~n d`l{wbwf` nt bi v~h` flt`}`w{bgin kn ib invr~n zfc`t nl Anda`t 2>?2=,


7 ]nkw` 2?44

D`c` {`kbt ibt d`tbt r~n }nw{nlndnl b ib zfkb v b ib }fnkbk l`t abl tfk` kbkbt }`w t~ kfzfl` }`knw) cnkfbl{n ni d`l`dfcfnl{` kn br~ni r~n l`t iibc }`w t~hi`wfb v nqdninldfb)

Anda`t 2>?2= 2=Ba`wb) }~nt) }`w r~ {nl{ft b Kf`t) }`lfnlk` t`gwn ib dnwzf kn i`t kftd}~i`t~l v~h` r~n lf l~nt{w`t }bkwnt lf l`t`{w`t anc`t }`kfk` iinzbw0

D`ldi~tflIb Ntdwf{~wb nt c~v dibwb) i`t dwnvnl{nt l` nt{bc`t }bwb b{bwl`t bi v~h` kn ib ntdibzf{~k!kn ib inv&, R~fnw` {nwcflbw nt{b `dbtfl d`l ni znwtd~i` knHib{bt >?2,

Hib{bt >?2 2Nt{bk) }~nt) jfwcnt nl ib ifgnw{bk d`l r~n Dwft{` l`t af ` ifgwnt) v l` nt{ft `{wbzn t~on{`t bi v~h` kn ntdibzf{~k,

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Ni d l`dfcfnl{` ggifd`#Inddfl ;'D`c` Ontt j~n nlzfbk` bi c~lk` bt l`t cblkb Ni b nt{n c~lk`'

Fl{w`k~ddfl

D`cnldnc`t kfdfnlk` r~n ni dwft{fblftc` nt ct r~n ~lb wnifhfl) nt Dwft{` zfzfnlk` T~ zfkbnl ni dwnvnl{n, Jfni nt ni r~n `t iibcb) ni d~bi {bcgfl i` abw !2 [ntbi`lfdnltnt >?7;&,L`{nr~n ni r~n l`t iibcb nt ni cftc` r~n iinzbw b dbg` i` r~n Ni l`t iibcb b abdnw, ^lnonc}i` kn nt{` nt2 [ntbi`lfdnltnt ;?8 r~n kfdn5 'Kf`t l`t ab iibcbk` b tbl{fkbk',B~lr~n) 'jfni nt ni r~n `t iibcb b zfzfw ~lb zfkb tbl{b r~n Ni {bcgfl ib abw'! 7 [nt,4?4#>&

2 [ntbi`lfdnltnt >?7; 7;Jfni nt ni r~n `t iibcb) ni d~bi {bcgfl i` abw,2 [ntbi`lfdnltnt ;?8 8]~nt l` l`t ab iibcbk` Kf`t b flc~lkfdfb) tfl` b tbl{fjfdbdfl,

7 [ntbi`lf7 [ntbi`lfdnltnt 4?4#> 4]nw` jfni nt ni Tn`w) r~n `t bjfwcbw v h~bwkbw kni cbi,;V {nlnc`td`ljfbl b wnt}nd{` b z`t`{w`t nl ni Tn`w) nl r~n abdft v abwft i` r~n `t

anc`t cblkbk`,>

V ni Tn`w nldbcfln z~nt{w`t d`wb `lnt bi bc`w kn Kf`t) vb ib }bdfnldfb kn Dwft{`,

@{w`t znwtd~i`t r~n l`t bdibwbl nt{` i` znc`t nlJfif}nltnt 7?24, I` r~n {nlnc`t r~n abdnw nt d`cnl bw b d`ljfbw nl Ont~dwft{` l` tìbcnl{n }`w ib c~nw{n kn Ni }bwb l~nt{w` wnknldfl) }nw` {bcgfl }`w ib zfkb r~n Ni zfzn v nt}nwb zfzfw b {wbzt kn l t`{w`t, W`cbl`t >?2= #L`{n r~n t`c`t wnd`ldfifbk`t !}btbc`t kni i~hbw kn nlncft{bk bi i~hbw knbcft{bk& }`w t~ C^NW[N) b~lr~n nt{n znwtd~i` d`l{flb kfdfnlk` r~n t`c`t tbiz`t !ibznwtfl }`}~ibw {wbk~dn kfdfnlk` r~n t`c`t tbiz`t kfbwfbcnl{n ifgnwbk`t kni k`cflf` kni }ndbk`& }`w T~ zfkb,

Jfif}nltnt 7?2424

}`wr~n Kf`t nt ni r~n nl z`t`{w`t }w`k~dn bt ni r~nwnw d`c` ni abdnw) }`w t~ g~nlb zì~l{bk, W`cbl`t >?2= 2=]`wr~n tf tfnlk` nlncfh`t) j~fc`t wnd`ldfifbk`t d`l Kf`t }`w ib c~nw{n kn t~

Afo`) c~da` ct) nt{blk` wnd`ldfifbk`t) tnwnc`t tbiz`t }`w t~ zfkb, Kn ib cftcb cblnwb r~n anc`t d`ljfbk` nl Dwft{`) bt kngnc`t dbcflbw

Kngnc`t iinhbw b tnw kn}nlkfnl{nt nl ib zfkb kn Dwft{` knl{w` kn l`t`{w`t, Ni znwtd~i`dibzn nl {`k` nt{` ntDì`tnltnt 7?:, Dc` nt r~n zflfc`t b d`l`dnwin0 Ni }wfcnw }btj~nbdn}{bw r~n l` }`kbc`t tbizbwl`t b l`t`{w`t cftc`t, Tnh~lk`) wnd~nwkn ib inddfl $25kngnc`t {nlnw ~l D@L@DFCFNL[@ kn i` r~n Ont~dwft{` ab anda` }`w l`t`{w`t,[nwdnw`)dwnc`t v wndfgfc`t kn Kf`t }`w hwbdfb ib zfkb n{nwlb, Ba`wb ni Tn`w l`t nt{ kfdfnlk` nl

Dì`tnltnt 7?: r~n dbcflnc`t kn ib cftcb cblnwb) r~n d`cfnl b d`l iinhbw bi jflbi knl~nt{w`t ntj~nw `t }bwb zfzfw ib zfkb dwft{fblb5 nl{`ldnt kngnc`ttbgnw i` r~n Dwft{` ab anda` }`w l t`{w`t vdwnnw }bwb wndfgfwi`,


Cnkf{nc`t nl nt{`) tf nt znwkbk r~n Ontt zfzfw t~ zfkb nl v b {wbzt kn l`t`{w`t nl ib {fnwwba`v btf d`c` Ni zfzf t~ zfkb br~ nl ib {fnwwb) nl{`ldnt nt c~v fc}`w{bl{n v lndntbwf`kntd~gwfw d`c` zfzf Ni nl nt`t kbt) }bwb r~n l`t`{w`t tn}bc`t d`c` Ni zfzfw b {wbzt knl`t`{w`t,D`c` Ontt j~n nlzfbk` bi c~lk` }`w ni ]bkwn) btf Ni l`t nlzb b l`t`{w`t

2:


17/37


Bih~l`t znwtd~i`t }bwb d`ltfknwbw5 O~bl :?>85 O~bl 28?21 v O~bl 7=?72,[`k`t nt{`tznwtd~i`t l`t kfdnl d`c` Ontt j~n nlzfbk` b nt{n c~lk` }`w ni ]bkwn) btf Ni l`t nlzb b nt{nc~lk`,

O~bl :?>8 >8D`c` cn nlzf ni ]bkwn zfzfnl{n) v v` zfz` }`w ni ]bkwn) btfcftc` ni r~n

cn d`cn) i {bcgfl zfzfw }`w c, O~bl 28?21 21D`c` { cn nlzfbt{n bi c~lk`) bt v` i`t an nlzfbk` bi c~lk`, O~bl 7=?72 72Nl{`ldnt Ontt int kfo` `{wb zn ? ]b b z`t`{w`t, D`c` cn nlzf ni ]bkwn)

bt {bcgfl v` `t nlz`,

Dwft{` nt ~l nonc}i` kn ~lb zfkb kn}nlkfnl{nIb }wnh~l{b ba`wb iinhb b tnw? dc` j~n nlzfbk` Ontt0, Nt{`t {wnt znwtd~i`t l`t bdibwbl r~nNi j~n nlzfbk` nl {`{bi kn}nlknldfb nl ni ]bkwn, ! Ol, >?26) 4=5 Ol, :?415 Ol, 1?71&

O~bl >?26 26Wnt}`lkf nl{`ldnt Ontt) v int kfo`? Kn dfnw{`) kn dfnw{` `t kfh`? L` }~nkn ni Afo` abdnw lbkb }`w t cftc ) tfl` i` r~n zn abdnw bi ]bkwn5 }`wr~n{`k` i` r~n ni ]bkwn abdn) {bcgfl i` abdn ni Afo` fh~bicnl{n,

O~bl :?41 41]`wr~n an kntdnlkfk` kni dfni`) l` }bwb abdnw cf zì~l{bk) tfl` ibzì~l{bk kni r~n cn nlzf,

O~bl 1?71 71Int kfo`) }~nt) Ontt? D~blk` abvft inzbl{bk` bi Afo` kni A`cgwn)nl{`ldnt d`l`dnwft r~n v` t`v) v r~n lbkb abh` }`w c cftc`) tfl` r~ntnhl cn nltn ni ]bkwn) bt abgi`,

Ba`wb r~fnw` kndfw nt{`5 l`t`{w`t l` }`kwnc`t abdnw tfl Ontt i` cftc` r~n Ni l` }~kàbdnw tfl ni ]bkwn,!Ol, 2>,>&B~lr~n) d~l{` }~k` abdnw ni ]bkwn b {wbzt kni Afo`0 [`k`,!Ol, 2;?2=&D~l{` }~nkn abdnw Ont~dwft{` b {wbznt kn ~t{nk v kn cf0 [`k`,!Jfi, ;?24&Dc`j~n nlzfbk` Ontt0 Kn}nlkfnlk` nl ni ]bkwn, Dc` t`c`t nlzfbk`t l`t`{w`t0!Ol, :?71) 76&

O~bl 2>?> >V` t`v ib zfk) z`t`{w`t i`t }c}bl`t5 ni r~n }nwcblndn nl c) v v` nl i)t{n iinzb c~da` jw~{`5 }`wr~n tn}bwbk`t kn c lbkb }`kft abdnw,

O~bl 2;?2= 2=L` dwnnt r~n v` t`v nl ni ]bkwn) v ni ]bkwn nl c0 Ibt }bibgwbt r~n v` `tabgi`) l` ibt abgi` }`w cf }w`}fb d~nl{b) tfl` r~n ni ]bkwn r~n c`wb nl c) iabdn ibt `gwbt,

Jfif}nltnt ;?24 24[`k` i` }~nk` nl Dwft{` r~n cn j`w{bindn, O~bl :?71) 76 71Nl{`ldnt in kfonw`l? R~ kngnc`t abdnw }bwb }`lnw nl }wd{fdb ibt `gwbt

kn Kf`t0 76Wnt}`lkf Ontt v int kfo`? Nt{b nt ib `gwb kn Kf`t) r~n dwnft nlni r~n i ab nlzfbk`,

Ontt j~n ~l a`cgwn d`c` Kf`t fl{nl{bgb r~n ni a`cgwn j~nwbOnt~dwft{` nt {`k` i` r~n lndntf{bc`t tbgnw bdnwdb kn Kf`t? O~bl 2?2,B~lr~n Ni j~n nl

ni }wfldf}f` d`l Kf`t v nwb Kf`t v nt Kf`t) d~blk` Ni zfl` b nt{b {fnwwb) Ni tn af ` a`cgwn5 }nw`Ni iinh b tnw ni a`cgwn d`c` Kf`t fl{nl{bgb r~n j~nwb v bd{~ d`c` Kf`t kntnb r~n ni a`cgwnbd{n##dbcflblk` kb b kb nl ntb wnibdfl d`l ni ]bkwn ib d~bi Kf`t tfnc}wn ab kntnbk` r~nnqft{fnwb nl{wn Kf`t v t cftc`,

O~bl 2?2 2Nl ni }wfldf}f` nwb ni Znwg`) v ni Znwg` nwb d`l Kf`t) v ni Znwg` nwb Kf`t,

28


18/37


Kn ib cftcb cblnwb) Ont~dwft{` l`t nt{ nlzfblk` b nt{n c~lk` b zfzfw l~nt{wbt zfkbt d`c`Kf`t fl{nl{b r~n ni a`cgwn zfzb) v r~n bd{~nc`t d`c` Kf`t kntnb r~n ni a`cgwn bd{n)dbcflblk` kb {wbt kb nl ntb wnibdfl d`l Ontt ib d~bi Kf`t tfnc}wn ab fl{nl{bk` r~n nqft{bnl{wn ni a`cgwn v t cftc`,

]fnltn bi wnt}nd{`? {`kb ib hwbdfb v ib g`lkbk kn Kf`t nt{l kft}~nt{bt }bwb ni a`cgwn r~fnl

}`w jn tn kft}`ln b t cftc` bl{n Ni,!W`, 27?2&V Ont~dwft{` nwb ntn a`cgwn## O~bl 1?71) 76,[`{bicnl{n kft}`lfgin bl{n ni ]bkwn##{`{bicnl{n kn}nlkfnl{n##nl ~lb jn }nwjnd{b , !Jfi, 7?:#1&

W`cbl`t 27?2 2Bt r~n) anwcbl`t) `t w~nh` }`w ibt cftnwfd`wkfbt kn Kf`t) r~n }wntnl{ftz~nt{w`t d~nw}`t nl tbdwfjfdf` zfz`) tbl{`) bhwbkbgin b Kf`t) r~n nt z~nt{w`d~i{` wbdf`lbi,

O~bl 1?71) 76 71Int kfo`) }~nt) Ontt? D~blk` abvft inzbl{bk` bi Afo` kni A`cgwn)nl{`ldnt d`l`dnwft r~n v` t`v) v r~n lbkb abh` }`w c cftc`) tfl` r~ntnhl cn nltn ni ]bkwn) bt abgi`, 76]`wr~n ni r~n cn nlzf) d`lcfh`nt{5 l` cn ab knobk` tì` ni ]bkwn) }`wr~n v` abh` tfnc}wn i` r~n in bhwbkb,

Jfif}nltnt 7?:#1

:ni d~bi) tfnlk` nl j`wcb kn Kf`t) l` nt{fc ni tnw fh~bi b Kf`t d`c` d`tb br~n bjnwwbwtn) 8tfl` r~n tn knt}ò b t cftc`) {`cblk` j`wcb kn tfnwz`)anda` tncnobl{n b i`t a`cgwnt5 1v nt{blk` nl ib d`lkfdfl kn a`cgwn) tna~cfii b t cftc`) abdflk`tn `gnkfnl{n abt{b ib c~nw{n) v c~nw{n kn dw~ ,

D`ldi~tfl

W`cbl`t 22?4:##Zfl` kni ]bkwn##Nt{~z` br~ nl ib j`w{bin b kni ]bkwn##n fgb bi ]bkwn, Ntb nwbib zfkb kn Dwft{` nl ib {fnwwb kntkn Gnil abt{b ni C`l{n kn i`t @ifz`t, D`c` ni ]bkwn nlzf biAfo`) bt Ni l`t nlzb, L~nt{wb wnibdfl d`l Ont~dwtf{` kngn tnw d`c` t~ wnibdfl d`l ni ]bkwnnwb,Ib zì~l{bk kn Kf`t }bwb l~nt{wbt zfkbt }~nkn tnw tìbcnl{n iinzbw b dbg` nl ib nlnwhb v }`knw kn Ont~dwft{` r~n zfzn nl l`t`{w`t) btf d`c` Ni dbcfl` nl ib nlnwhb v }`knw kni ]bkwn r~nabgf{ nl Ni,Ntkn Ni) b {wbzt kn Ni ) vabdfb Ni nt` nt i` r~n ]bgi` r~ft` kndfw nlJfif}nltnt 2?72

W`cbl`t 22?4: 4:]`wr~n kn i) v }`w i) v }bwb i) t`l {`kbt ibt d`tbt, B i tnb ib hi`wfb }`w i`ttfhi`t, Bcl,

Jfif}nltnt 2?72 72]`wr~n }bwb c ni zfzfw nt Dwft{`) v ni c`wfw nt hblbldfb,

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19/37


Ni d l`dfcfnl{` ggifd`#Inddfl >'Ni nonc}i` kn Dwft{` kn dbcflbw }`w jn # Bifcnl{blk` b i`t dfld` cfi'

Fl{w`k~ddflBih~fnl kfo` bih~lb zn 'l` nt kfjfdfi zfzfw ib zfkb dwft{fblb) nt fc}`tfginnt{` nt tflOnt~dwft{`,'B~lr~n) W`cbl`t 1?28 # T`c`t dànwnknw`t d`l Ontt##[`k` i` r~n Ni nt v {`k` i` r~n {fnlnnt l~nt{w` tf tfc}incnl{n d`ljfbc`t) kntdbltbc`t v dbcflbc`t }`w jn nl kn}nlknldfb nl Ni,Kngnc`t dwnnw }bwb wndfgfw i` r~n vb ab tfk` anda` }`w l`t`{w`t##Angwn`t ;?7 v W`cbl`t >?7![nlnc`t bddnt` b nt{b jn nl ib d~bi nt{bc`t ba`wb&

W`cbl`t 1?28 28V tf afo`t) {bcgfl anwnknw`t5 anwnknw`t kn Kf`t v dànwnknw`t d`l Dwft{`)tf nt r~n }bkndnc`t o~l{bcnl{n d`l i) }bwb r~n o~l{bcnl{n d`l i tnbc`thi`wfjfdbk`t,

Angwn`t ;?7 7]`wr~n {bcgfl b l`t`{w`t tn l`t ab bl~ldfbk` ib g~nlb l~nzb d`c` bnii`t5 }nw` l` int b}w`znda ni `w ib }bibgwb) }`w l` fw bd`c}bbkb kn jn nli`t r~n ib `vnw`l,

W`cbl`t >?7 7}`w r~fnl {bcgfl {nlnc`t nl{wbkb }`w ib jn b nt{b hwbdfb nl ib d~bi nt{bc`tjfwcnt) v l`t hi`wfbc`t nl ib nt}nwbl b kn ib hi`wfb kn Kf`t,

Jn nt {`k` i` r~n {`cb }bwb zfzfw ib zfkb dwft{fblb[`k` i` r~n Ont~dwft{` nt) nt{ kft}`lfgin }bwb l`t`{w`t cfnl{wbt dbcflbc`t }`w jn) v jn

nt {`k` i` r~n {`cb }bwb zfzfw ib zfkb dwft{fblb,!Dì, 7?:) 8&

Dì`tnltnt7?:)

8

:]`w {bl{`) kn ib cblnwb r~n abgft wndfgfk` bi Tn`w Ont~dwft{`) blkbk nl i58bwwbfhbk`t v t`gwnnkfjfdbk`t nl i) v d`ljfwcbk`t nl ib jn) bt d`c` abgft

tfk` nltnbk`t) bg~lkblk` nl bddf`lnt kn hwbdfbt,C~v b{wt nl ni ifgw` kn Hlntft) Bgwbabc b}wnlkf nt{`) v nt fl{nwntbl{n r~n ]bgi`

d`cnl{ bdnwdb kn ni##W`, ;?26#72,L~nzbcnl{n) jn nt {`k` i` r~n tn wnr~fnwn }bwb zfzfw ib zfkbdwft{fblb) v nt{b nt ib inddfl r~n Ont~dwft{` r~f ` nltnbw b t~t kftd}~i`t d~blk` bifcnl{ bi`t dfld` cfi5 }nw` nii`t d`c` l`t`{w`t) nwbl c~v inl{`t }bwb b}wnlknw,

W`cbl`t ;?26#72

26V l` tn kngfif{ nl ib jn bi d`ltfknwbw t~ d~nw}`) r~n nt{bgb vb d`c`c~nw{` !tfnlk` kn dbtf dfnl b`t&) ` ib nt{nwfifkbk kn ib cb{wf kn Tbwb,7=[bc}`d` k~k) }`w fldwnk~ifkbk) kn ib }w`cntb kn Kf`t) tfl` r~n tnj`w{bindf nl jn) kblk` hi`wfb b Kf`t) 72}inlbcnl{n d`lznldfk` kn r~n nwb

{bcgfl }`knw`t` }bwb abdnw {`k` i` r~n abgb }w`cn{fk`5Dfld` cfi zbw`lnt) v {`k`t nt{l abcgwfnl{`tNl Cbwd`t : {nlnc`t ib aft{`wfb kn Ontt bifcnl{blk` b i`t >===, Cbwd`t :?4;#4: #B i`t kftd}~i`t nt{` int }bwndb ib lfdb d`tb tnltfgin r~n kngnwbl abdnwknt}nkfwi`t }bwb r~n zbvbl b d`cnw bih`, Cb{n` 2;?72!>=== a`cgwnt ct c~onwnt v lf`t& Nt{n nwb ~l hw~}` hwblkn kn hnl{n v }bwb i`tkftd}~i`t }bwndb r~n l` abgb lflh~lb bi{nwlb{fzb tfl` knt}nkfwi`tb~lr~nl`{n ibwnt}~nt{b kn Ontt nl niz, 48? 'z`t`{w`t kbkint bih` kn d`cnw,']nw` cfwn ib wnt}~nt{b kn i`tkftd}~i`t nlz, 48 g,I` r~n nii`t wnbicnl{n nt{bgbl kfdfnlk` nwb) nt fc}`tfgin }bwb l`t`{w`tnld`l{wbw t~jfdfnl{n d`cfkb }bwb bifcnl{bw b {`kb nt{b hnl{n) fc}`tfgin) nt znwkbk)a~cblbcnl{n) v nt{` nt nqbd{bcnl{n i` r~n Ontt fgb b abdnw, Ni int fgb b c`t{wbw d`c` abdnw i` fc}`tfgin,

26


20/37


Cbwd`t :?4;#4:

4;V tbif Ontt v zf` ~lb hwbl c~i{f{~k) v {~z` d`c}btfl kn nii`t) }`wr~nnwbl d`c` `znobt r~n l` {nlbl }bt{`w5 v d`cnl b nltnbwint c~dabtd`tbt, 4>D~blk` vb nwb c~v bzbl bkb ib a`wb) t~t kftd}~i`t tn bdnwdbw`l bi) kfdfnlk`? Ni i~hbw nt kntfnw{`) v ib a`wb vb c~v bzbl bkb, 4:Knt}kni`t

}bwb r~n zbvbl b i`t dbc}`t v biknbt kn biwnknk`w) v d`c}wnl }bl) }~nt l`{fnlnl r~ d`cnw, Cbwd`t 2;?72 72B ib znwkbk ni Afo` kni A`cgwn zb) tnhl nt{ ntdwf{` kn i) cbt bv kn

br~ni a`cgwn }`w r~fnl ni Afo` kni A`cgwn nt nl{wnhbk`" G~nl` in j~nwb bntn a`cgwn l` abgnw lbdfk`,

Tf abv bih~lb nq}ifdbdfl a~cblb }bwb l~nt{wbt zfkbt) l` nt{bc`t zfzfnlk` ib zfkbdwft{fblb,Ib zfkb dwft{fblb tìbcnl{n }~nkn tnw nq}ifdbkb nl {wcfl`t kn l~nt{w` Tn`w Ont~dwft{`, Tf abvbih~lb nq}ifdbdfl a~cblb }bwb l~nt{wbt zfkbt) tf }`knc`t nq}ifdbw l~nt{wbt zfkbt nl {wcfl`tkn ntj~nw ` a~cbl`) ` kn }`knw kn zì~l{bk) ` {binl{`t) ` kflnw`) ` d`wbon) ` fl{nifhnldfb) `knkfdbdfl) ` tbdwfjfdf`) nl{`ldnt b~lr~n }`tnbc`t ib zfkb dwft{fblb l` nt{bc`t zfzflkìb,Tf kn ib cblnwb r~n zfzfc`t l~nt{wbt zfkbt d`c` dwft{fbl`t }~nkn tnw nq}ifdbk` nl {wcfl`ta~cbl`t) nl{`ldnt l` abv kfjnwnldfb nl{wn l`t`{w`t v ~lb }nwt`lb r~n l` nt tbizb) i`t zndfl`tv i`t dìnhbt nl ni {wbgbo`) }`wr~n ib cblnwb r~n nii`t zfznl t~t zfkbt }~nkn tnw {bcgflnq}ifdbkb a~cblbcnl{n, nl{`ldnt ib lfdb kfjnwnldfb r~n nii`t znl nt r~n l`t`{w`t t`c`twnifhf`t`t,

Ib tì~dfl kn Jnif}nZbc`t b cfwbw nl O~bl : ) {nlnc`t ba ni }btbon }bwbini` kn ib bifcnl{bdf`l kn i`t >=== }bwbznw d`c` Ontt bifcnl{ b {bl{b hnl{n,!Ol, :?>) :&L`{n ib wnt}~nt{b kn Jnif}n nl niznwtd~i`8, Nl t~ cnl{n l` abgb bgtì~{bcnl{n lflhl }nltbcfnl{` kn ~l cfibhw`5 t~ lfdb tì~dflj~n ni kflnw`, Nl i` r~n b Ni d`wwnt}`lkb) Ontt lf tfr~fnwb nwb ~l jbd{`w nl nt{b tf{~bdfl, Tf tna~gfnwb }nkfk` b ~l b{n` cb{nwfbift{b r~n bd`ltnobwb ` r~n kfnwb ~lb wnt}~nt{b nl i~hbw knJnif}n) ib }wfcnwb }wnh~l{b r~n ni a~gfnwb anda` tnwb) d~l{` kflnw` {nlnc`t0 L` abvkfjnwnldfb nl{wn ~l b{n` v Jnif}n,

O~bl :?>) : >D~blk` bi Ontt i`t ò`t) v zf` r~n abgb znlfk` b i hwbl c~i{f{~k) kfo` bJnif}n? Kn klkn d`c}wbwnc`t }bl }bwb r~n d`cbl t{`t0 :]nw` nt{` kndb }bwb }w`gbwin5 }`wr~n i tbgb i` r~n abgb kn abdnw,

Jnif}n l` abgb b}wnlkfk` b kn}nlknw nl Ontt, ]bwb ni t~t wnd~wt`t jflbldfnw`t nwb {`k` i` r~n

fc}`w{bgbOnt~dwft{` l` nwb fc}`w{bl{n,R~f t tnwb g~nl` }bwbw br~ v }wnh~l{bwl`t) 'Nl ibt i{fcbt ;1 a`wbt) anc`t d`ltfknwbk` bOnt~dwft{`) ` anc`t anda`) d`c` Jnif}n) abdnwin d`c` bih~fnl tfl fc}`w{bldfb0'

^l lf` v t~ jfbcgwnWnhwntblk` b Cbwd`t : v i`t kftd}~i`t,Znwtd~i` 41 b##l`{n ib wt}~nt{b kn Ontt b i`tkftd}~i`t)'ZNL V ZN', Ba`wb d~blk` nii`t j~nw`l b znw) Blkwt nld`l{w b ~l }nr~n`lf` d`l ~lb gìtb kn jfbcgwn) }nw` d`c` Jnif}n) l`{n t~ wnt}~nt{b , !Ol, :?1) 6#@{wb zn l`nt{bgbl kn}nlkfnlk` nl Dwft{`,!Ol, :?2=#24&]`w r~ 27 dblbt{bt0 ]`tfgincnl{n ~lb }bwbdbkb ~l` kn i`t kftdf}~i`t r~n k~kbw`l,

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Cbwd`t :?41b 41Ni int kfo`? D~l{`t }blnt {nlft0 Fk v znki`,

O~bl :?1#24 ^l` kn t~t kftd}~i`t) Blkwt) anwcbl` kn Tfcl ]nkw`) in kfo`? 6Br~ nt{~l c~dabda`) r~n {fnln dfld` }blnt kn dngbkb v k`t }ndndfii`t5 cbt r~ nt

nt{` }bwb {bl{`t0 2=Nl{`ldnt Ontt kfo`? Abdnk wnd`t{bw ib hnl{n, V abgbc~dab afnwgb nl br~ni i~hbw5 v tn wnd`t{bw`l d`c` nl lcnw` kn dfld` cfizbw`lnt, 22V {`c Ontt br~nii`t }blnt) v abgfnlk` kbk` hwbdfbt) i`twn}bw{f nl{wn i`t kftd}~i`t) v i`t kftd}~i`t nl{wn i`t r~n nt{bgbl wnd`t{bk`t5btfcftc` kn i`t }ndnt) d~bl{` r~nwbl, 27V d~blk` tn a~gfnw`l tbdfbk`) kfo`b t~t kftd}~i`t? Wnd`hnk i`t }nkb `t r~n t`gwbw`l) }bwb r~n l` tn }fnwkblbkb, 24Wnd`hfnw`l) }~nt) v iinlbw`l k`dn dnt{bt kn }nkb `t) r~n kn i`tdfld` }blnt kn dngbkb t`gwbw`l b i`t r~n abgbl d`cfk`,

^l cfibhw` O~bl :?2;##^L CFIBHW@##Bgtì~{bcnl{n l` {fnln nq}ifdbdfl a~cblb, Ba`wb abgb ~ltndwn{` }bwb nt{n cfibhw` r~n Ont~dwtf{` knc`t{w5 ~l tndwn{` r~n Ni r~nwb d`c}bw{fw d`l t~tkftd}~i`t v r~n r~fnwn {bcgfl d`c}bw{fw d`l l`t`{w`ttf l` l`t kbc`t d~nl{b kn nt{` }nwknc`t {`k` ni `gon{fz` kn ib Ntdwf{~wb,

]`w jnCfwnc`t l~nzbcnl{n nl O~bl :?22,B r~fl kf hwbdfbt Ontt0 Nl r~fl nt{bgbkn}nlkfnlk`0, Nl Kf`t) ni ]bkwn, Wnd~nwkb O~bl >?26v 4=r~n kftd~{fc`t nl ib inddflbl{nwf`w0 Nl {`k` nt{`) d~l{` dwnn r~n t~t kftd}~i`t b}wnlkfnw`l0 LBKB" Lf ~lb tìb d`tb5v zbc`t b znw nt` c~v }w`l{`,

O~bl :?22 22V {`c Ontt br~nii`t }blnt) v abgfnlk` kbk` hwbdfbt) i`t wn}bw{f nl{wni`t kftd}~i`t) v i`t kftd}~i`t nl{wn i`t r~n nt{bgbl wnd`t{bk`t5 btfcftc` kni`t }ndnt) d~bl{` r~nwbl,

O~bl >?26) 4= 26Wnt}`lkf nl{`ldnt Ontt) v int kfo`? Kn dfnw{`) kn dfnw{` `t kfh`? L` }~nkn ni Afo` abdnw lbkb }`w t cftc ) tfl` i` r~n zn abdnw bi ]bkwn5 }`wr~n{`k` i` r~n ni ]bkwn abdn) {bcgfl i` abdn ni Afo` fh~bicnl{n,4=L` }~nk` v` abdnw lbkb }`w c cftc`5 tnhl `fh`) bt o~ h`5 v cf o~fdf`nt o~t{`) }`wr~n l` g~td` cf zì~l{bk) tfl` ib zì~l{bk kni r~n cn nlzf) ibkni ]bkwn,

]`w jn) Ontt wnt~df{ b I bw` L`t bv~kbw tf l`t {w`t cfwbc`t ~l nonc}i` cbt kn dc` Ont~dwtf{` af ` i` fc} tfgin bl{ntkn d`l{fl~bw nl nt{n {ncb,Nl O~bl 22) Ontt nt d`ljw`l{bk` d`l `{wb tf{~bdfl fc}`tfgin, T~ bcfh` I bw` nt{ c~nw{`## O~bl 22?41#;;,D`c` anc`t kfda`) `{wb tf{~bdfl fc}`tfgin) b~lr~n) bt d`c` Ontt bifcnl{b i`t >===) br~ Ni tfc}incnl{n kf hwbdfbt bi ]bkwn!z, ;2&v nl {`{bi kn}nlknldfb nl Ni tn }bw jwnl{n b ib {~cgb v nqdibc 'I bw` znl j~nwb', Nt ~l }nltbcfnl{` fl{nwntbl{n }bwbd`ltfknwbw5 r~ tf Ont~dwtf{` l` a~gfnwb kfda` ni l`cgwn kn I bw`0 O~bl >?71l`t kb ibwnt}~nt{b5 dbkb {~cgb kn ib {fnwwb tn a~gfnwb zbdfbk`,

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O~bl 22?41#;; 41Ontt) }w`j~lkbcnl{n d`lc`zfk` `{wb zn ) zfl` bi tn}~idw`, Nwb ~lb d~nzb)v {nlb ~lb }fnkwb }~nt{b nldfcb, 46Kfo` Ontt? R~f{bk ib }fnkwb, Cbw{b) ibanwcblb kni r~n abgb c~nw{`) in kfo`? Tn`w) afnkn vb) }`wr~n nt kn d~b{w`kbt, ;=Ontt in kfo`? L` {n an kfda` r~n tf dwnnt) znwt ib hi`wfb kn Kf`t0;2Nl{`ldnt r~f{bw`l ib }fnkwb kn k`lkn abgb tfk` }~nt{` ni c~nw{`, V Ontt)

bi blk` i`t ò`t b i` bi{`) kfo`? ]bkwn) hwbdfbt {n k`v }`w abgnwcn `k`, ;7V`tbgb r~n tfnc}wn cn `vnt5 }nw` i` kfon }`w db~tb kn ib c~i{f{~k r~n nt{biwnknk`w) }bwb r~n dwnbl r~n { cn abt nlzfbk`, ;4V abgfnlk` kfda` nt{`)dibc b hwbl z` ? I bw`) znl j~nwb" ;;V ni r~n abgb c~nw{` tbif) b{bkbtibt cbl`t v i`t }fnt d`l znlkbt) v ni w`t{w` nlz~ni{` nl ~l t~kbwf`, Ontt intkfo`? Kntb{bkin) v knobkin fw,

O~bl >?71 71L` `t cbwbzfiift kn nt{`5 }`wr~n znlkw a`wb d~blk` {`k`t i`t r~n nt{lnl i`t tn}~idw`t `fwl t~ z` 5

Ontt knt}fkn b t~t kftd}~i`tZìzbc`t b Cbwd`t :?;;) ;>, ]`w r~ dwnn ~t{nk r~n Ont~dwtf{` cblk b t~t kftd}~i`t b r~ndw~ bwbl bi `{w` ibk`0 G~nl`) r~f i`t cblk }`wr~n nii`t l` b}wnlkfnw`l lbkb kn ibbifcnl{bdfl kn i`t >===, Cbwd`t :?>2) >7 ##T~t d`wb `lnt nt{bgbl nlk~wndfk`t v d`l dbv`t)v abgbl }nwkfk` ib abgfifkbk kn nl{nlknw, Cbwd`t 1?28#72 ##Br~ nii`t j~nw`l iibcbk`t b tnw b}t{ìnt) i`t d`c}bnw`t ct dnwdbl`t kn l~nt{w` Tbizbk`w5 zfzfnw`l) dbcflbw`l v abgibw`ld`l Ni) v bl btf t~t d`wb `lnt nt{bgbl iinl`t kn dbv`t v nwbl k~w`t, ]nw` ib hwbdfb) ibcftnwfd`wkfb v ib }bdfnldfb kni Tn`w Ont~dwft{` ib znc`t,Knt}~t kn cfwbw kn }wfcnwb cbl` i`t cfibhw`t) v l` b}wnlknw lbkb) Ontt }bdfnl{ncnl{n intkf b t~t kftd}~i`t `{wb `}`w{~lfkbk }bwb b}wnlknw ib cftcb inddfl5 tìbcnl{n r~n ba`wb nl~lb bcgfnl{n kfjnwnl{n,

Cbwd`t :?;;) ;> ;;V i`t r~n d`cfnw`l nwbl dfld` cfi a`cgwnt,;>Nl tnh~fkb af ` b t~tkftd}~i`t nl{wbw nl ib gbwdb n fw knibl{n kn i b Gn{tbfkb) nl ib `{wb wfgnwnl{wn {bl{` r~n i knt}nkb b ib c~i{f{~k,

Cbwd`t :?>2) >7 >2V t~gf b nii`t nl ib gbwdb) v tn dbic ni zfnl{`5 v nii`t tn bt`cgwbw`lnl hwbl cblnwb) v tn cbwbzfiibgbl, >7]`wr~n bl l` abgbl nl{nlkfk` i`kn i`t }blnt) }`w d~bl{` nt{bgbl nlk~wndfk`t t~t d`wb `lnt,

Cbwd`t 1?28#72 28V nl{nlkflkì` Ontt) int kfo`? R~ kftd~{t) }`wr~n l` {nlft }bl0L` nl{nlkft lf d`c}wnlkft0 Bl {nlft nlk~wndfk` z~nt{w` d`wb l021[nlfnlk` ò`t l` znft) v {nlfnlk` `k`t l` `t0 V l` wnd`wkft026D~blk` }bw{ i`t dfld` }blnt nl{wn dfld` cfi) d~l{bt dnt{bt iinlbt kni`t }nkb `t wnd`hft{nft0 V nii`t kfonw`l? K`dn, 7=V d~blk` i`t tfn{n

}blnt nl{wn d~b{w` cfi) d~l{bt dblbt{bt iinlbt kn i t }nkb `twnd`hft{nft0 V nii`t kfonw`l? Tfn{n, 72V int kfo`? Dc` bl l` nl{nlkft0

]`w jn On~t) d`c` ]nkw`) dbcflbw`l t`gwn ni bh~bKnt}~n r~n i`t knt}fkf) tn nld`l{wbw`l nl cnkf` kn ~l cbw {`wcnl{`t`, Cb{n` 2;?72#7;##D`l t~t nt}bikbt k`gibkbt }`w ni zfnl{` v {`k`t t~t ctd~i`t bkì`wfk`t) nii`t i~dabw`l d`l{wbib {`wcnl{b5 v nl ib d~bw{b zfhfifb kn ib l`dan Ontt zfl` b nii`t abdfnlk` i` fc}`tfgin, Cb{n`2;?7>##Dc` nt r~n Ni af ` i` fc}`tfgin0 dc` nt r~n Ni dbcfl` t`gwn ni bh~b0 I` af ` knib cftcb cblnwb nl r~n bifcnl{ b i`t >=== v inzbl{ b I bw` kn i`t c~nw{`t, Nl jn) Nikn}nlkf nl ni ]bkwn ~l }bt` b ib zn , Cb{n` 2;?7:#76##D~blk` Ontt in kfo` b ]nkw` 'Znl') }`w jn ni kf` ~l }bt` n af ` i` fc}`tfgin}`w jn nl Ont~dwft{` i` fc} tfgin iinhb b tnw } tfgin,

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Cb{n` 2;?72#76 72B ib znwkbk ni Afo` kni A`cgwn zb) tnhl nt{ ntdwf{` kn i) cbt bv knbr~ni a`cgwn }`w r~fnl ni Afo` kni A`cgwn nt nl{wnhbk`" G~nl` in j~nwb bntn a`cgwn l` abgnw lbdfk`,77V cfnl{wbt d`cbl) Ontt {`c }bl v gnlkfo`) v i` }bw{f v int kf`) kfdfnlk`? [`cbk) nt{` nt cf d~nw}`, 74V{`cblk` ib d`}b) v abgfnlk` kbk` hwbdfbt) int kf`5 v gngfnw`l kn niib {`k`t,

7;V int kfo`? Nt{` nt cf tblhwn kni l~nz` }bd{`) r~n }`w c~da`t ntknwwbcbkb, 7>Kn dfnw{` `t kfh` r~n l` gngnw ct kni jw~{` kn ib zfk) abt{bbr~ni kb nl r~n i` gngb l~nz` nl ni wnfl` kn Kf`t,7:D~blk` a~gfnw`ldbl{bk` ni afcl`) tbifnw`l bi c`l{n kn i`t @ifz`t, 78Nl{`ldnt Ontt intkfo`? [`k`t `t ntdblkbif bwft kn c nt{b l`dan5 }`wr~n ntdwf{` nt{? Anwfwbi }bt{`w) v ibt `znobt tnwl kft}nwtbkbt, 71]nw` knt}~t r~n abvbwnt~df{bk`) fw knibl{n kn z`t`{w`t b Hbifinb, 76Nl{`ldnt ]nkw` in kfo`?B~lr~n {`k`t tn ntdblkbifdnl) v` l`, 4=V in kfo` Ontt? Kn dfnw{` {n kfh`r~n {) a`v) nl nt{b l`dan) bl{nt r~n ni hbii` abvb dbl{bk` k`t zndnt) cnlnhbwt {wnt zndnt, 42Cbt i d`l cbv`w fltft{nldfb kndb? Tf cn j~nwnlndntbwf` c`wfw d`l{fh`) l` {n lnhbw, [bcgfl {`k`t kndbl i` cftc`,47Zflfnw`l) }~nt) b ~l i~hbw r~n tn iibcb Hn{tncbl) v kfo` b t~tkftd}~i`t? Tnl{b`t br~) nl{wn {bl{` r~n v` `w`, 44V {`c d`ltfh` b ]nkw`)b Obd`g` v b O~bl) v d`cnl b nl{wft{ndnwtn v b blh~t{fbwtn,

Ib jn kn ]nkw` kntcbv) v tn a~lkfB~lr~n nl ni z, 4=##kn }w`l{` klk`tn d~nl{b kn ibt dfwd~lt{bldfbt fld`l{w`ibgint) ni nlj`r~nkn ]nkw` r~n nwb }`w jn kngfif{ vb l` cfw b Dwft{` v tn a~lkf,Z, 42##'A`cgwnt kn }`db jn)}`w r~ k~kbw`l0' I`t kftd}~i`t b}wnlkfnw`l bih` nl nt{b `dbtfl0 ]fnlt` r~n tf##zt , 47)44,

^lb }wnh~l{b }bwb d`ldi~fw Br~ abv ~lb }wnh~l{b r~n kngnc`t wnt}`lknw5 nt{bc`t d`ljfblk`) kntdbltblk`) vdbcflblk` }`w jn nl kn}nlknldfb nl Ontt) ` nt{bc`t d`c` Jnif}n v Blkwt) abdflk`in biTn`w d`c` r~n l` {fnln lflh~lb fc}`w{bldfb0!2D`, 7?2) 7&

2 D`wfl{f`t 7?2) 7 2Bt r~n) anwcbl`t) d~blk` j~f b z`t`{w`t }bwb bl~ldfbw`t ni {nt{fc`lf` kn Kf`t)l` j~f d`l nqdninldfb kn }bibgwbt ` kn tbgfk~wb,7]~nt cn }w`}~tn l` tbgnw nl{wnz`t`{w`t d`tb bih~lb tfl` b Ont~dwft{`) v b t{n dw~dfjfdbk`,

Ni d`l dfcfnl{` ggifd`# Inddfl :

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25/37


Nl ib dbkb) d~blk` Bkl }nd) Kf`t r~f{ T~ Nt}wf{~ Tbl{` kni nt}wf{~ a~cbl` vb~lr~n ni a`cgwn d`ltnwz t~ d~nw}` v bicb i nt{bgb nt}fwf{~bicnl{n c~nw{`5 zbd` kn Kf`t) }`wr~n Kf t in abgb bgblk lbk , Btf d`c` ib b~tnldfb kn zfkb jtfdb tfhlfjfdb c~nw{n jtfdb)btf {bcgfl ib b~tnldfb kn zfkb nt}fwf{~bi tfhlfjfdb c~nw{n nt}fwf{~bi, V nt nl nt{b d`lkfdfl knc~nw{n nt}fwf{~bi r~n l`t`{w`t lbdfc`t, L`t`{w`t lbdfc`t tfnlk` nlncfh`t kn Kf`t) d`l ~lb

lb{~wbin b }ndbcfl`tb ` ~lb }nwznwtfkbk fllb{b,!W`, >?:#2= b& W`cbl`t >?:#2=b : ]`wr~n Dwft{`) d~blk` bl wbc`t kgfint) b t~ {fnc}` c~wf }`w i`t fc}`t,

8Dfnw{bcnl{n) b}nlbt c`wfw bih~l` }`w ~l o~t{`5 d`l {`k`) }~kfnwb tnw r~nbih~l` `tbwb c`wfw }`w ni g~nl`,1Cbt Kf`t c~nt{wb t~ bc`w }bwb d`l l`t`{w`t)nl r~n tfnlk` bl }ndbk`wnt) Dwft{` c~wf }`w l`t`{w`t,6]~nt c~da` ct)nt{blk` vb o~t{fjfdbk`t nl t~ tblhwn) }`w i tnwnc`t tbiz`t kn ib fwb,2=]`wr~n tftfnlk` nlncfh`t) j~fc`t wnd`ldfifbk`t d`l Kf`t }`w ib c~nw{n kn t~ Afo`)

Cbwd`t 8?77)74##Nl nt`t znwtd~i`t Ontt tn wnjfnwn b ib lb{~wbin b }ndbcfl`tb kni a`cgwn) ibdbwln, Ba`wb) nl ni Bl{fh~` [nt{bcnl{`) ib lbdfl kn Nhf}{` wn}wntnl{b bi a`cgwn lb{~wbi ` nl

t~ d`lkfdfl l` tbizb5 Nhf}{` nwb ~l nlncfh` kn Kf`t) ~lb lbdfl }nwznwtb, Ni }~k` iinhbw blbi }~l{` kn kndfw r~n i`t bc`t kn Nhf}{` wn}wntnl{bl b ib dbwln v t~ dw~ni d`l{w`i t`gwn ni bicb , W`cbl`t 8?26#7=##Nt `gzf` nl ib Ntdwf{~wb) r~n Kf`t l` r~fnwn r~n zfzbc`t nl nt{b c~nw{nnt}fwf{~bi btf d`c` {bc}`d` r~f ` r~n i`t ftwbnif{bt zfzfnwbl nl ~lb ntdibzf{~k nhf}dfb, Btf r~nKf`t inzbl{ b C`ftt) ~l {f}` kn Dwft{`) v `wknl b ib hnl{n {`cbw ~l d`wknw` tfl cbldab vtbdwfjfdbwi`,!Nq, 27?2#24&

Cbwd`t 8?77) 74 77i`t a~w{`t) ibt bzbwfdfbt) ibt cbikbknt) ni nlhb`) ib ibtdfzfb) ib nlzfkfb) ibcbinkfdnldfb) ib t`gnwgfb) ib fltnltb{n ,74[`kbt nt{bt cbikbknt kn knl{w` tbinl)v d`l{bcflbl bi a`cgwn,

W`cbl`t 8?26) 7= 26]`wr~n l` abh` ni gfnl r~n r~fnw`) tfl` ni cbi r~n l` r~fnw`) nt` abh`,7=V tf

abh` i` r~n l` r~fnw`) vb l` i` abh` v`) tfl` ni }ndbk` r~n c`wb nl c, Nq`k` 27?2#24 2Abgi Ona`z b C`ftt v b Bbwl nl ib {fnwwb kn Nhf}{`) kfdfnlk`?7Nt{n cnt `ttnw }wfldf}f` kn i`t cntnt5 }bwb z`t`{w`t tnw t{n ni }wfcnw` nl i`t cntnt knib`,4Abgibk b {`kb ib d`lhwnhbdfl kn Ftwbni) kfdfnlk`? Nl ni kfn kn nt{n cnt{cntn dbkb ~l` ~l d`wknw` tnhl ibt jbcfifbt kn i`t }bkwnt) ~l d`wknw` }`w jbcfifb,;Cbt tf ib jbcfifb j~nwn {bl }nr~nb r~n l` gbt{n }bwb d`cnw ni d`wknw`)nl{`ldnt i v t~ zndfl` flcnkfb{` b t~ dbtb {`cbwl ~l` tnhl ni lcnw` kn ibt }nwt`lbt5 d`lj`wcn bi d`cnw kn dbkb a`cgwn) abwft ib d~nl{b t`gwn ni d`wknw`,>Ni blfcbi tnw tfl knjnd{`) cbda` kn ~l b`5 i` {`cbwft kn ibt `znobt ` kn ibtdbgwbt,:V i` h~bwkbwft abt{b ni kb db{`wdn kn nt{n cnt) v i` flc`ibw {`kb ibd`lhwnhbdfl kni }~ngi` kn Ftwbni nl{wn ibt k`t {bwknt,8V {`cbwl kn ib tblhwn)v ib }`lkwl nl i`t k`t }`t{nt v nl ni kfl{ni kn ibt dbtbt nl r~n i` abl kn d`cnw,1

V br~niib l`dan d`cnwl ib dbwln btbkb bi j~nh`) v }blnt tfl inzbk~wb5 d`lafnwgbt bcbwhbt i` d`cnwl,6 Lflh~lb d`tb d`cnwft kn i dw~kb) lf d`dfkb nlbh~b) tfl` btbkb bi j~nh`5 t~ dbgn b d`l t~t }fnt v t~t nl{wbbt,2= Lflh~lb d`tbknobwft kn i abt{b ib cbblb5 v i` r~n r~nkbwn abt{b ib cbblb) i` r~ncbwftnl ni j~nh`,22V i` d`cnwft bt? dnfk`t z~nt{w`t i`c`t) z~nt{w` dbi bk` nlz~nt{w`t }fnt) v z~nt{w` g`wkl nl z~nt{wb cbl`5 v i` d`cnwftb}wnt~wbkbcnl{n5 nt ib ]btd~b kn Ona`z,27]~nt v` }btbw br~niib l`dan }`w ib{fnwwb kn Nhf}{`) v anwfw b {`k` }wfc`hlf{` nl ib {fnwwb kn Nhf}{`) bt kn i`ta`cgwnt d`c` kn ibt gnt{fbt5 v nond~{bw cft o~fdf`t nl {`k`t i`t kf`tnt knNhf}{`, V` Ona`z,24V ib tblhwn `t tnw }`w tnbi nl ibt dbtbt k`lkn z`t`{w`tnt{ft5 v znw ib tblhwn v }btbw kn z`t`{w`t) v l` abgw nl z`t`{w`t }ibhb knc`w{blkbk d~blk` afnwb ib {fnwwb kn Nhf}{`,

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]`w jn b}ifr~nl ib tblhwn[`k` i` r~n Kf`t r~f ` kn t~ }~ngi` nwb }bwb nii`t) }`w jn) b}ifdbw ib tblhwn nl ib

}~nw{b) nl i t }`t{nt kn ib }~nw{b v nl ni kfl{ni v kntdbltbw nl t~ }w`cntb, [ k` i` r~n Kf`tl`t }fkn b l`t`{w`t) }`w jn) nt b}ifdbw ib tblhwn kn ib c~nw{n kn Dwft{` b l~nt{wb tf{~bdfl tflnt}nwbl b !fldb}bdnt kn tbizbwl`t b l`t`{w`t cftc`t&) v i~nh` r~n kntdbltnc`t nl t~ }w`cntb

kn }nwkl!Ol, 2?765 2 D`, >?8& O~bl 2?76 76Ni tfh~fnl{n kb zf` O~bl b Ontt r~n znlb b i) v kfo`? An br~ ni D`wknw` kn

Kf`t) r~n r~f{b ni }ndbk` kni c~lk`,2 D`wfl{f`t >?8 8Ifc}fb`t) }~nt) kn ib zfnob inzbk~wb) }bwb r~n tnft l~nzb cbtb) tfl inzbk~wb

d`c` t`ft5 }`wr~n l~nt{wb }btd~b) r~n nt Dwft{`) vb j~n tbdwfjfdbkb }`w l`t`{w`t,

J~nwb kn Nhf}{` v vlk`l`t b tbiz` b {wbzt kn ~l i~hbw kn c~nw{n

Wnhwntblk` b i`t ftwbnif{bt##Kf`t }`w ib cbl` kn C`ftt kfwfhf b t~ }~ngi` j~nwb knNhf}{` v b {wbzt kni Cbw Wò`) }nw` d~blk` i`t bc`t nhf}df`t {wb{bw`l kn tnh~fwint j~nw`l

ba`hbk`t, Ni nlncfh` j~n tn}~i{bk` nl ni i~hbw kn c~nw{n) }nw` ni }~ngi` kn Kf`t }bt b {wbztkn ntn i~hbw kn c~nw{n }bwb nl{wbw nl ~lb zfkb l~nzb) nl ~lb {fnwwb l~nzb,!2 D`, 2=?2) 7&D`c}bwn nt`t znwtd~i`t d`l W`cbl`t :?4) ;, Bt d`c` i`t bc`t nhf}df`t j~nw`l tn}~i{bk`tnl ni i~hbw kn c~nw{n kni d~bi i`t afo`t kn Kf`t j~nw`l inzbl{bk`t cfibhw`tbcnl{n) bt {bcgfll`t`{w`t) }`w jn) l`t fknl{fjfdbc`t d`l Ont~dwft{` v zbc`t d`l Ni }`tfdf`lbicnl{n bi i~hbw knc~nw{n knoblk` bi a`cgwn zfno` tn}~i{bk` bii,

2 D`wfl{f`t 2=?2) 72]`wr~n l` r~fnw`) anwcbl`t) r~n fhl`wft r~n l~nt{w`t }bkwnt {`k`t nt{~zfnw`l gbo` ib l~gn) v {`k`t }btbw`l ni cbw57v {`k`t nl C`ftt j~nw`l gb~{f bk`t nl ibl~gn v nl ni cbw)

W`cbl`t :?4) ; 4@ l` tbgft r~n {`k`t i`t r~n anc`t tfk` gb~{f bk`t nl Dwft{` Ontt) anc`t

tfk` gb~{f bk`t nl t~ c~nw{n0;

]`wr~n t`c`t tn}~i{bk`t o~l{bcnl{n d`l i }bwbc~nw{n }`w ni gb~{ftc`) b jfl kn r~n d`c` Dwft{` wnt~df{ kn i`t c~nw{`t }`w ibhi`wfb kni ]bkwn) bt {bcgfl l`t`{w`t blknc`t nl zfkb l~nzb,

K`t d`tbt }btbw`l nl ib dw~ ?

B, J~fc t tbiz`t kn ib }nlb kni }ndbk` Dwft{` c~wf }`w l`t {w`t !tbizbdfl&,G, J~fc`t tbiz`t kni }`knw kni }ndbk`,!W`, :?:) 22) 2;& L ~nt{wb lb{~wbin b zfnob

!}ndbcfl`tb& c~wf d`l Ni,

W`cbl`t :?:5 22) 2; : tbgfnlk` nt{`) r~n l~nt{w` zfno` a`cgwn j~n dw~dfjfdbk` o~l{bcnl{n d`l i)

}bwb r~n ni d~nw}` kni }ndbk` tnb knt{w~fk`) b jfl kn r~n l` tfwzbc`t ct bi }ndbk`, 22Bt {bcgfl z`t`{w`t d`ltfknwb`t c~nw{`t bi }ndbk`) }nw` zfz`t }bwb Kf`t nlDwft{` Ontt) Tn`w l~nt{w`,2;]`wr~n ni }ndbk` l` tn nltn`wnbw kn z`t`{w`t5 }~nt l` nt{ft gbo` ib inv)tfl` gbo` ib hwbdfb,

Nl ib tbizbdfl) Kf`t wnt{b~wb ni Nt}wf{~ bi a`cgwn

Ba`wb tf cf lb{~wbin b zfnob !bc`& r~n tìb d`l{wìbw cf d`c}`w{bcfnl{` !bicb)cnl{n) zì~l{bk v nc`df`lnt& ab tfk` dw~dfjfdbk` v v`) }`w jn) kntdblt` v bdn}{` nt{b znwkbk)r~ nt i` r~n {`cbw ni i~hbw d`c` ni jbd{`w d`l{wìbl{n kn cf zfkb0!Ol 2;?285 Dì, 2?78#765H, >?2: &

7:


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28/37


]`w r~ nl{`ldnt) {bl{`t dwft{fbl`t jwbdbtbl nl nl{wbw b Dblbl !ntn i~hbw kn bg~lkbldfbnt}fwf{~bi& v nl i~hbw kn nt` zfznl nl ni kntfnw{`0 ]bwb wnt}`lknw b nt{b }wnh~l{b) {nlnc`t r~nabdnwl`t `{wb }wnh~l{b? }`w r~ }btbw`l i`t ftwbnif{bt ;= b`t nl ni kntfnw{`0 !Lc, 24?25 2;?4;&

Lcnw`t 24?22

V Ona`z abgi b C`ftt) kfdfnlk`?

Lcnw`t 2;?4; 4;D`lj`wcn bi lcnw` kn i`t kbt) kn i`t d~bwnl{b kbt nl r~n wnd`l`dft{nft ib{fnwwb) iinzbwft z~nt{wbt flfr~fkbknt d~bwnl{b b`t) ~l b` }`w dbkb kb5 vd`l`dnwft cf dbt{fh`,

I`t ftwbnif{bt) d`c` c~da`t dwft{fbl`t a`v) zfzfnw`l nl ~l kntfnw{` r~n nii`t cftc`t tnfc}~tfnw`l, Dbkb kb r~n }btbw`l nl ni kntfnw{` nwb ~l kb r~n nii`t }~kfnw`l abgnwi` }btbk`nl Dblbl) }`wr~n Kf`t vb int abgb kbk` ib {fnwwb !Btf d`c` vb l`t ib ab kbk` b l`t`{w`t!7 ]nkw` 2?4&B~lr~n i`t ftwbnif{bt wna~tb`l dwnnw r~n ni Kf`t r~n i`t tbd kn ib ntdibzf{~k nwbni Kf`t r~n i`t fl{w`k~dfwb b ib [fnwwb ]w`cn{fkb,

7 ]nkw` 2?44

D`c` {`kbt ibt d`tbt r~n }nw{nlndnl b ib zfkb v b ib }fnkbk l`t abl tfk` kbkbt }`w t~ kfzfl` }`knw) cnkfbl{n ni d`l`dfcfnl{` kn br~ni r~n l`t iibc }`w t~hi`wfb v nqdninldfb)

Ni kntfnw{` nt ~l d~bkw` kn ~l dwft{fbl` dbwlbi, Ni nt tbiz`) {fnln bi Nt}wf{~ Tbl{` c`wblk`knl{w` kn Ni5 b~lr~n) b }ntbw kn {`k` nt{`) zfzn {`kbzb nl ~lb }`gwn b r~n tn ab fc}~nt{` b tcftc` gbo` ni d`l{wì n flji~nldfb kn nt{n nlhbbk`w knww`{bk` !ib dbwln& bi d~bi Dwft{` i` iinzb ib {~cgb d`ltfh` cftc` !W`, :?:&

W`cbl`t :?: : tbgfnlk` nt{`) r~n l~nt{w` zfno` a`cgwn j~n dw~dfjfdbk` o~l{bcnl{n d`l i) }bwbr~n ni d~nw}` kni }ndbk` tnb knt{w~fk`) b jfl kn r~n l` tfwzbc`t ct bi }ndbk`,

T`c`t nqbd{bcnl{n d`c` i`t afo`t kn Ftwbni r~n zfzfnw`l ;= b`t d`l{wìbk`t }`w ~l nlncfh`r~n Kf`t vb abgb tn}~i{bk` nl ibt }w`j~lkfkbknt kni Cbw Wò`, Ib fldwnk~ifkbk kn i`t afo`t knFtwbni i`t nlhb }bwb r~n l` }~kfnwbl kftjw~{bw kn ibt gnlkfdf`lnt kn nt{b zfkb r~n ni Tn`w vbabgb }wn}bwbk` }bwb nii`t nl Dblbl, Kn ib cftcb cblnwb) l` abv lbkb {bl }b{{fd` d`c` ~ldwft{fbl` b r~fnl ab tfk` kbk` {`k` i` r~n }nw{nlndn b ib zfkb v b ib }fnkbk) r~n {`kbzb nt{ nlib fhl`wbldfb n fldwnk~ifkbk zbhblk` nl ~lb zfkb tfl kfwnddfl ` }w`}tf{` }`wr~n }`w t~fldwnk~ifkbk l` tn b}w`}fb kn ib hwbdfb kn Kf`t !^lb g~nlb knjflfdfl kn ib }bibgwbb}w`}fbdfl##nt {`cbw }`tntf`l kn i` r~n vb l`t }nw{nlndn,&

Ib jn kn }wfldf}f` b jfl

D~bwnl{b b`t blh~t{f`t`t {`cbw`l bl{nt r~n Kf`t) b {wbzt kn O`t~ }~kfnwb nltnbw b t~ }~ngi r~n }bwb nl{wbw tn lndntf{bgb ib cftcb jn r~n tn wnr~fwf }bwb tbifw, Nt{` {wbn b l~nt{wbcnl{n Dì`tnltnt 7?: r~n anc`t cnldf`lbk` bl{nwf`wcnl{n,


I` r~n abdn ni blkbw nl ib dbwln nt{ gfnl kntdwf{` nlHib{bt 4?2#4,

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Ni d`l`dfcfnl{` ggifd`##Inddfl 8 C`ftt) ~l a`cgwn d`l ib cf{bk kni cnltbon

Fl{w`k~ddfl

Ni ifgw` kn Kn~{nw`l`cf` }`kwb tnw cfwbk` d`c` ~l` kn i`t ifgw`t ct {wft{nt kn ibGfgifb }`wr~n nt ib i{fcb zì~l{bk ` {nt{bcnl{` kn ~l a`cgwn {`{bicnl{n kntblfcbk`!C`ftt&,Nt ni bwdafz` kn {`k` i` r~n C`ftt {~z` r~n kndfw b i`t afo`t kn Ftwbni nl ni }wfcnw kb kni`ldnbz` cnt kni b` d~bwnl{b kn t~ zbhbw nl ni kntfnw{`,

Nl ni kntfnw{` Kn~{nw`l`cf` 2?2## L`{n k`lkn nt{bgbl5 b nt{n ibk` kni O`wkl nl ni kntfnw{`) nl ni Bwbgb !r~nnt ib }iblfdfn bi `{w` ibk` kni cbw Wò`&, Br~ nt{bgbl) nl ni ibk` nr~fz`dbk` kni O`wkl v o~t{`nl ni `{`w ibk` kni Cbw Wò`) v nt{` nwb ;= b`t knt}~t kn r~n C`ftt int abgb tbdbk` knNhf}{`, Kn i`t r~n c~wfnw`l nl ni kntfnw{`) tn inn nl Angwn`t 4r~n nii`t l` }~kfnw`l nl{wbw }`w db~tb kn fldwnk~ifkbk!An, 4?28#26&

Kn~{nw`l cf` 2?2 2Nt{bt t`l ibt }bibgwbt r~n abgi C`ftt b {`k` Ftwbni b nt{n ibk` kni O`wkl nl nikntfnw{`) nl ni Bwbg jwnl{n bi Cbw Wò`) nl{wn ]bwl) [`jni) Ibgl) Ab nw`{ vKf babg,

Angwn`t 4?28#26 8V d`l r~flnt nt{~z` i kfth~t{bk` d~bwnl{b b`t0 L` j~n d`l i`t r~n }ndbw`l) d~v`t d~nw}`t dbvnw`l nl ni kntfnw{`021V b r~flnt o~w r~n l`nl{wbwbl nl t~ wn}`t`) tfl` b br~nii`t r~n knt`gnkndfnw`l026V znc`t r~n l` }~kfnw`l nl{wbw b db~tb kn fldwnk~ifkbk,

Dwnvnl{nt fldwk~i`t

Nt{n nt ~l }nltbcfnl{` fldwngin kbwl`t d~nl{b r~n C`ftnt {bcgfl c~wf nl ni kntfnw{` o~l{`d`l br~nii`t r~n l` dwnvnw`l,,,Br~nii`t r~n {~zfnw`l jn t~jfdfnl{n }bwb tbifw kn Nhf}{`) }nw` l`{~zfnw`l jn t~jfdfnl{n }bwb nl{wbw nl ib {fnwwb }w`cn{fkb, Nl c~dabt cblnwbt) C`ftt nwb i` r~niibcbwbc`t ~l hfhbl{n nt}fwf{~bi!Lc, 27?45 Lc, :#15 Lc, 4;?2=&,

Lcnw`t 27?4 4V br~ni zbwl C`ftt nwb c~v cblt`) ct r~n {`k`t i`t a`cgwnt r~n abgb t`gwnib {fnwwb,

Lcnw`t 4;?2= 2=]`w icf{n bi `wfnl{n {wb bwft kntkn Ab bw#nll abt{b Tnjbc5

]bwndnwb r~n tf bihl a`cgwn cnwndb nl{wbw b ib {fnwwb }w`cn{fkb) ntn nwb C`ftt, ]nw` nic~wf nl ni kntfnw{`, K{, 4;?8# L`{n r~n l` a~g` ~lb db~tb jtfdb }bwb ib c~nw{n kn C`ftt,,, Nic~wf c~v o`znl, K{, 4;?>#:##Nt `gzf` r~n Kf`t bc b C`ftt) v }bwndnwb r~n d~blkìinh~nc`t bi dfni` ni tnw l`cgwbk` nl{wn i`t hwblknt tbl{`t kn {`k`t i`t {fnc}`t, T~ l`cgwnnt{ cnldf`lbk` nl ni i~hbw kn ib jbcb knAngwn`t 22,[bcgfl nt `gzf` }`w cfwbwi` nlI~dbt6?71#42r~n Kf`t i` {~z` nl hwbl nt{fcb) v bl nl {`k` nt{`) znc`t ~l {wb{` tnznw` b C`ftt }`w Kf`t r~fnl nljb{f ib fc}`w{bldfb r~n Kf`t kb b ib jn!An, 22?:5 2=?41&

Kn~{nw`l cf` 4;?>#8 >V c~wf bii C`ftt tfnwz` kn Ona`z) nl ib {fnwwb kn C`bg) d`lj`wcn bikfda` kn Ona`z,:V i` nl{nww nl ni zbiin) nl ib {fnwwb kn C`bg) nljwnl{n knGn{#}n`w5 v lflh~l` d`l`dn ni i~hbw kn t~ tn}~i{~wb abt{b a`v,8Nwb C`ftt knnkbk kn dfnl{` znfl{n b`t d~blk` c~wf5 t~t ò`t l~ldb tn `td~wndfnw`l) lf }nwkf t~ zfh`w,

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I~dbt 6?71#42 71Bd`l{ndf d`c` `da` kbt knt}~t kn nt{bt }bibgwbt) r~n {`c b ]nkw`) bO~bl v b Obd`g`) v t~gf bi c`l{n b `wbw,76V nl{wn {bl{` r~n `wbgb) ibb}bwfnldfb kn t~ w`t{w` tn af ` `{wb) v t~ znt{fk` gibld` v wnt}iblkndfnl{n,4=Van br~ k`t zbw`lnt r~n abgibgbl d`l i) i`t d~bint nwbl C`ftt v Nibt542r~fnlnt b}bwndfnw`l w`knbk`t kn hi`wfb) v abgibgbl kn t~ }bw{fkb) r~n fgbOntt b d~c}ifw nl Onw~tbil,

Angwn`t 22?: :]nw` tfl jn nt fc}`tfgin bhwbkbw b Kf`t5 }`wr~n nt lndntbwf` r~n ni r~n tnbdnwdb b Kf`t dwnb r~n in abv) v r~n nt hbibwk`lbk`w kn i`t r~n in g~tdbl,

Angwn`t 2=?41 41Cbt ni o~t{` zfzfw }`w jn5V tf wn{w`dnkfnwn) l` bhwbkbw b cf bicb,

Angwn`t 22?7;#76##]bwndn }`w nt{b ntdwf{~wb) r~n C`ftt tìbcnl{n }~k` d`ljfbw b Kf`t abt{bdfnw{` }~l{`, ]`w jn C`ftt5 }`w jn5 }`w jn5 }`w jn? {`kb t~ zfkb abt{b }btbw ni Cbw Wò`) v i~nhib Ntdwf{~wb flcnkfb{bcnl{n }btb b O`t~, Nt{` cn wnd~nwkb kn ]nkw` nl Cb{n` 2; r~fnl }`w jn }~k` dbcflbw t`gwn ibt bh~bt abt{b nl niznwtd~i` 4=d~blk` tn kfdn r~n ni zf` b i`tzfnl{`t) abt{b r~n tn kf d~nl{b kn ibt dfwd~lt{bldfbt fld`l{wìbgint v }~t` t~ cfwbkb biinc}n b a~lkfwtn,

Angwn`t 22?7;#767;]`w ib jn C`ftt) anda` vb hwblkn) wna~t iibcbwtn afo` kn ib afob kn Jbwbl)7>ntd`hfnlk` bl{nt tnw cbi{wb{bk` d`l ni }~ngi` kn Kf`t) r~n h` bw kn i`t kninf{nt{nc}`wbint kni }ndbk`)7:{nlfnlk` }`w cbv`wnt wfr~n bt ni zf{~}nwf` kn Dwft{` r~ni`t {nt`w`t kn i`t nhf}df`t5 }`wr~n {nlb }~nt{b ib cfwbkb nl ni hbibwkl,78]`w ibjn kno b Nhf}{`) l` {ncfnlk` ib fwb kni wnv5 }`wr~n tn t`t{~z` d`c` zfnlk` biFlzftfgin,71]`w ib jn dningw ib }btd~b v ib bt}nwtfl kn ib tblhwn) }bwb r~n ni r~nknt{w~b b i`t }wfc`hlf{`t l` i`t {`dbtn b nii`t,76]`w ib jn }btbw`l ni Cbw Wò`d`c` }`w {fnwwb tndb5 n fl{nl{blk` i`t nhf}df`t abdnw i` cftc`) j~nw`l ba`hbk`t

C`ftt c~wf d`c` ~l a`cgwn kntblfcbk`

Nt{` nt ~l }nltbcfnl{` r~n kngnc`t d`ltfknwbw bdnwdb kn C`ftt) br~ nt{ ~l a`cgwn r~fnlnwb ~l hwbl iknw) ~l hwbl }wnkfdbk`w) ~l hwbl bkcflft{wbk`w) ~l a`cgwn kn l`gin dbwd{nw) ~la`cgwn d`l bi{bt v tbl{bt bcgfdf`lnt v b }ntbw kn {`k` nt{`) ni c~wf d`c` ~l a`cgwnkntblfcbk`) dbltbk` kn t~ cflft{nwf`) dbltbk` kn ib hnl{n r~n {~z` r~n cflft{wbw v nii`t{bcgfl tn tnl{bl nljnwc`t kn i, R~ }bt0

Kni kntfnw{` kn Tfl bi kntfnw{` kn _fl

Wnd~nwkb d~blk` C`ftt h~f b i`t ftwbnif{bt b {wbzt kni Cbw Wò` v i~nh` vb l` {nlblbh~b0 Kf`t in cblk r~n hì}nbwb ib w`db5 nt{` {`c i~hbw nl ni kntfnw{` kn Tfl,,,i~nh` kn 41b`t i`t ftwbnif{bt iinhbw`l bi kntfnw{` kn _fl v l~nzbcnl{n l` abgfb bh~b, Nl 41 b`t {`k` i`r~n C`ftt abgb iinzbk` b dbg` nwb iinzbw b t~ hnl{n kn ~l i~hbw kni kntfnw{` b `{w` i~hbw knikntfnw{`, Kni kntfnw{` kn Tfl bi kntfnw{` kn _fl) }nw` {`kbzb nl ni kntfnw{`,Jwnd~nl{ncnl{n `c`t b }nwt`lbt kndfw r~n lndntf{bc`t ~l dbcgf` kn zfkb) ~l iibcbk` b ~ll~nz` }bt{`wbk`) ~l dbcgf` kn dbc}` cftf`lnw`) kn `d~}bdfl) ` ~l dbcgf` hn`hwjfd`5 }nw`tf nt{bc`t zfzfnlk` nl ni kntfnw{` tnwnc`t {bl fl~{fint) jw~t{wbk`t v bg~wwfk`t nl ~l i~hbw d`cì` nt{bwnc`t nl `{w`,,,

]`w r~ l`t abt h~fbk` b nt{n i~hbw0

Lcnw`t 7=?7#>##Knt}~t kn abgnw nt{bk` gbo` ni ifknwb h` kn C`ftt v ntd~dabk` t~tnltnbl bt }`w dbtf ;= b`t) {`k` i` r~n nii`t }`kbl kndfw knii i~hbw bk`lkn i int abgbh~fbk`) nt r~n nwb ~l i~hbw cbi`, R~ bdnwdb kn i`t }bt{`wnt) cftf`lnw`t) cbnt{w`t kn Ntd~nib

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K`cflfdb)i v kn i`t }bkwnt a`v0 Ibt }nwt`lbt b ibt r~n nt{bc`t ifknwblk`) nt{l kntblfcbkbtkn ib cftcb cblnwb,,,nt{bc`t iinzlkìnt b ~l i~hbw cbi`0

Lcnw`t 7=?7#> 7V }`wr~n l` abgb bh~b }bwb ib d`lhwnhbdfl) tn o~l{bw`l d`l{wb C`ftt v Bbwl,4V abgi ni }~ngi` d`l{wb C`ftt) kfdfnlk`? @obi a~gfwbc`t c~nw{` d~blk`

}nwndfnw`l l~nt{w`t anwcbl`t knibl{n kn Ona`z";

]`w r~ afdft{n znlfw ibd`lhwnhbdfl kn Ona`z b nt{n kntfnw{`) }bwb r~n c~wbc`t br~ l`t`{w`t v l~nt{wbt gnt{fbt0>V }`w r~ l`t abt anda` t~gfw kn Nhf}{`) }bwb {wbnwl`t b nt{n cbi i~hbw0 L` nt i~hbw kn tncnl{nwb) kn afh~nwbt) kn zfbt lf kn hwblbkbt5 lf b~l kn bh~b }bwb gngnw,

Abgib b ib w`db Lcnw`t 7=?8#1 ##Br~ Kf`t in kfdn b C`ftt r~n abgin b ib w`db!2 D`, 2=?;&,R~ nwb i`r~n tn in }fkf b C`ftt r~n afdfnwb 41 b`t bl{nt nl @wgn !nl ni kntfnw{` kn Tfl&0 Hì}nb ibw`db) r~n nwb ~l d~bkw` nl ni Bl{fh~` [nt{bcnl{` kn Ont~dwft{` v nt{n dw~dfjfdbk`, Br~ba`wb) ni Tn`w in kfdn r~n abgin b ib w`db5 }`w jn }fkn v d`ljb nl Ontt, Nt{n nt ~l d~bkw` knOntt wnt~df{bk` r~fnl btdnlkf bi ]bkwn n fl{nwdnkn }`w l`t`{w`t,!An,8?7;) 7>5 2=?27&Ibtflt{w~ddf`lnt kn Kf`t j~nw`l c~v dibwbt,,,Ib W`db !Ontt&) vb l` kngb tnw hì}nbkb) lf{bc}`d`) dw~dfjfdbkb l~nzbcnl{n!An, 2=?2;&,

Lcnw`t 7=?8) 1 8V abgi Ona`z b C`ftt) kfdfnlk`?1[`cb ib zbwb) v wnln ib d`lhwnhbdfl) { vBbwl {~ anwcbl`) v abgibk b ib }nb b zft{b kn nii`t5 v niib kbw t~ bh~b) v inttbdbwt bh~bt kn ib }nb) v kbwt kn gngnw b ib d`lhwnhbdfl v b t~t gnt{fbt,

2 D`wfl{f`t 2=?; 2;]`w {bl{`) bcbk`t c`t) a~fk kn ib fkìb{wb, Angwn`t 8?7;) 7> 7;cbt t{n) }`w d~bl{` }nwcblndn }bwb tfnc}wn) {fnln ~l tbdnwk`df` flc~{bgin5

7> }`w i` d~bi }~nkn {bcgfl tbizbw }nw}n{~bcnl{n b i`t r~n }`w i tn bdnwdbl bKf`t) zfzfnlk` tfnc}wn }bwb fl{nwdnknw }`w nii`t,

Angwn`t 2=?27) 2; 27 }nw` Dwft{`) abgfnlk` `jwndfk` ~lb zn }bwb tfnc}wn ~l tì` tbdwfjfdf` }`w i`t }ndbk`t) tn ab tnl{bk` b ib kfnt{wb kn Kf`t)2; }`wr~n d`l ~lb tìb `jwnlkb af ` }nwjnd{`t }bwb tfnc}wn b i`t tbl{fjfdbk`t,

Ntd~dabk ba`wb wngnikntWnhwntblk` b C`ftt,Lc, 7=?2=##Nt bt d`c` ni Tn`w r~nwb r~n abgiwbc`t b l~nt{wbhnl{n knt}~t kn ;= b`t kn cflft{nwf`0 L`{n l~nzbcnl{n i` r~n Ni kfo`? 'Ntd~dabk ba`wbwngniknt) zbc`t b kbwint kn gngnw bh~b kn nt{b w`db0' Kf`t l~ldb in }fkf b C`ftt r~nb}ifdbwb ntj~nw ` a~cbl` ` r~n ni tbdbwb bh~b kn ib w`db5 Ni tìbcnl{n in kfo` r~n abgibwb b ibW`db v ib W`db int kbwb ni bh~b r~n lndntf{bgbl!Ol, >?41&

Lcnw`t 7=?2= 2=V wn~lfnw`l C`ftt v Bbwl b ib d`lhwnhbdfl knibl{n kn ib }nb) v int kfo`? @kba`wb) wngniknt" @t anc`t kn abdnw tbifw bh~bt kn nt{b }nb0 O~bl >?41 41lf {nlft t~ }bibgwb c`wblk` nl z`t`{w`t5 }`wr~n b r~fnl i nlzf) z`t`{w`t l`dwnft,

2, T`c`t wnd`ldfifbk`t d`l Kf`t }`w ib c~nw{n kn Ontt !ib W`db Hì}nbkb&, W`, >?2=)227, Dbcflbc`t nl l`znkbk kn zfkb !nl{wbc`t nl ib {fnwwb }w`cn{fkb& }`w t~ zfkb r~n zfzn nl v b{wbzt kn l`t`{w`t !ib W`db Zfzfnl{n& W`, :?4) ;

W`cbl`t >?2=) 22 2=]`wr~n tf tfnlk` nlncfh`t) j~fc`t wnd`ldfifbk`t d`l Kf`t }`w ib c~nw{n kn t~Afo`) c~da` ct) nt{blk` wnd`ldfifbk`t) tnwnc`t tbiz`t }`w t~ zfkb,22V l` ti`nt{`) tfl` r~n {bcgfl l`t hi`wfbc`t nl Kf`t }`w ni Tn`w l~nt{w` Ont~dwft{`) }`w

r~fnl anc`t wndfgfk` ba`wb ib wnd`ldfifbdfl, W`cbl`t :?4) ; 4@ l` tbgft r~n {`k`t i`t r~n anc`t tfk` gb~{f bk`t nl Dwft{` Ontt) anc`t

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tfk` gb~{f bk`t nl t~ c~nw{n0;]`wr~n t`c`t tn}~i{bk`t o~l{bcnl{n d`l i }bwbc~nw{n }`w ni gb~{ftc`) b jfl kn r~n d`c` Dwft{` wnt~df{ kn i`t c~nw{`t }`w ibhi`wfb kni ]bkwn) bt {bcgfl l`t`{w`t blknc`t nl zfkb l~nzb,

Cnkf` cnltbon }w`k~dn cnkfb {bwnb

Lcnw`t 7=?22##C`ftt nwb d`c` c~da`t kn i`t }wnkfdbk`wnt v cbnt{w`t a`v, Ni tìbcnl{n{nlb cnkf` cnltbon) btf r~n ni ti` }~k` abdnw cnkf` {wbgbo`, I`t tbd) }nw` l` }~k`cn{nwi`t,,,Tbiz`t) }nw` tfl dbcflbw nl ~lb l`znkbk kn zfkb, C`ftt }wnkfd) bcnlb ) nqa`w{v int blfc5 v d`l ~lb fl{nhwfkbk fldbltbgin ni nt{~z` nl ib gwndab }bwb fl{nwdnknw }`w nii`t,]nw` ~lb v `{wb zn nii`t c~wc~wbw`l v tn r~nobw`l v kfnw`l ibt nt}bikbt bi Tn`w nlfldwnk~ifkbk,

Lcnw`t 7=?22 22Nl{`ldnt bi C`ftt t~ cbl` v hì}n ib }nb d`l t~ zbwb k`t zndnt5 v tbifnw`lc~dabt bh~bt) v gngf ib d`lhwnhbdfl) v t~t gnt{fbt,

]bwndn r~n t{b nt ~lb bkznw{nldfb tìncln kn }bw{n kn Kf`t }bwb {`k`t l`t`{w`t)tf

}wnkfdbc`t cnkf` cnltbon abwnc`t cnkfb {bwnb v d`c` C`ftt nt{bwnc`t t`gwndbwhbk`td`l ~l c`l{l kn gngt nt}fwf{~bint r~n l`t kncblkbwl r~n iinlnc`t t~t g`{niibt knindan v l`t nt{bwl nc}~oblk` nl cnkf` kni kntfnw{`,

Ni dfni` bihl kb) }nw` ni kntfnw{` ba`wb Lcnw`t 7=?27 ##']`w d~bl{` l` cn dwnt{n', Br~ {nlnc`t b ~l dwnvnl{n fldwk~i`,,,nt{n nwbni }ndbk` kn C`ftt,,,t~ nzblhnif` l` nwb `{wb d`tb r~n?'znl b Ont~dwft{` v r~n {~t }ndbk`ttnbl }nwk`lbk`t',,,nt{` nwb ~l cnltbon kn ni dfni` bihl kb) }nw` ni kntfnw{` ba`wb, Ni kno bOnt~dwft{` nl ib dw~ 5 Ni l` tbgb lbkb kn ib zfkb tbizbk`wb kn Dwft{`, Ni Dwft{` r~fnl c~wf }`w l`t`{w`t) wnt~df{ }bwb zfzfw nl l`t`{w`t!H, 7?7=&

Lcnw`t 7=?27 27V Ona`z kfo` b C`ftt v b Bbwl? ]`w d~bl{` l` dwnt{nft nl c) }bwbtbl{fjfdbwcn knibl{n kn i`t afo`t kn Ftwbni) }`w {bl{`) l` cn{nwft nt{b d`lhwnhbdflnl ib {fnwwb r~n int an kbk`,

Hib{bt 7?7= 7=D`l Dwft{` nt{`v o~l{bcnl{n dw~dfjfdbk`) v vb l` zfz` v`) cbt zfzn Dwft{` nl c5v i` r~n ba`wb zfz` nl ib dbwln) i` zfz` nl ib jn kni Afo` kn Kf`t) ni d~bi cn bc vtn nl{wnh b t cftc` }`w c,

D`ldi~tfl

O`t~ 2?2) 7 ##Cfwn i` r~n Kf`t kfdn?'C`ftt cf tfnwz` nt{ c~nw{`) }`w {bl{` inzl{b{n v zn',Nl `{wbt }bibgwbt) }`w d~bl{` cf tfnwz` nt{ c~nw{`) ba`wb { }~nknt fw, ]bwndnwb r~n ni

`gt{d~i` jflbi }bwb nl{wbw nl ib {fnwwb }w`cn{fkb }bwb i`t ftwbnif{bt) nwb C`ftt cftc`, Nia`cgwn r~n d`lt{w~v !nl ~lb nq}wntfl& ib fhintfb nl ni kntfnw{` j~n tn}~i{bk` nl ni kntfnw{`,C`ftt af ` t~ cno`w ntj~nw `) i` ct r~n }~k`5 v ntn j~n t~ hwbl nww`w##}`wr~n Kf`t nt{bgbnt}nwblk` abdnw T~ cno`w v kbw i` r~n tìbcnl{n tn }~nkn kbw b {wbzt kn ib W`db Zfzb vwnt~df{bkb !^lb l~nzb zfkb nl ~lb l~nzb {fnwwb& Ol, 2=?2=

O`t~ 2?2)7 2Bd`l{ndf knt}~t kn ib c~nw{n kn C`ftt tfnwz` kn Ona`z) r~n Ona`z abgi bO`t~ afo` kn L~l) tnwzfk`w kn C`ftt) kfdfnlk`?7Cf tfnwz` C`ftt ab c~nw{`5ba`wb) }~nt) inzl{b{n v }btb nt{n O`wkl) { v {`k` nt{n }~ngi`) b ib {fnwwb r~n vìnt k`v b i`t afo`t kn Ftwbni,

O~bl 2=?2= 2=Ni ibkwl l` zfnln tfl` }bwb a~w{bw v cb{bw v knt{w~fw5 v` an znlfk` }bwb r~n

{nlhbl zfkb) v }bwb r~n ib {nlhbl nl bg~lkbldfb,

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R~ nt i` r~n l` in }nwcf{f b C`ftt r~n nl{wbwb0 Ib fldwnk~ifkbk,R~ nt i` r~n }nwcf{fb O`t~ nl{wbw0 Ib jn, !Ol, :?71#76&

O~bl :?71) 76 71Nl{`ldnt in kfonw`l? R~ kngnc`t abdnw }bwb }`lnw nl }wd{fdb ibt `gwbt knKf`t076Wnt}`lkf Ontt v int kfo`? Nt{b nt ib `gwb kn Kf`t) r~n dwnft nl ni r~n i

ab nlzfbk`,

Ni d`l dfcfnl{` ggifd` ## Inddfl 1

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J~nwb kn Nhf}{`) v jflbicnl{n nl ib {fnwwb }w`cn{fkb

Fl{w`k~ddflTnwb g~nl` d`cnl bw d`l ~l znwtd~i` c~v d`l`dfk` vb O~bl 1?47,Ib ifgnw{bk nt}fwf{~bi{`cb i~hbw d~blk` tbgnc`t v kntdbltbc`t nl nt{b znwkbk,

O~bl 1?47 47v d`l`dnwft ib znwkbk) v ib znwkbk `t abw ifgwnt,

Zbc`t b wnhwntbw b O`t~ 2?2#4) d~bwnl{b b`t abl }btbk` kntkn r~n Kf`t tbd b i`t afo`t knFtwbni kn Nhf}{` v ba`wb C`ftt t~ iknw abgb c~nw{`5 }nw` Kf`t l` ab dbcgfbk` t~ cblnwb kn }nltbw bdnwdb kn iinzbw b i`t ftwbnif{bt b ib {fnwwb }w`cn{fkb,!Lc, 74?26&

O`t~ 2?2#4 2Bd`l{ndf knt}~t kn ib c~nw{n kn C`ftt tfnwz` kn Ona`z) r~n Ona`z abgi bO`t~ afo` kn L~l) tnwzfk`w kn C`ftt) kfdfnlk`?7Cf tfnwz` C`ftt ab c~nw{`5ba`wb) }~nt) inzl{b{n v }btb nt{n O`wkl) { v {`k` nt{n }~ngi`) b ib {fnwwb r~n v`int k`v b i`t afo`t kn Ftwbni,4V` `t an nl{wnhbk`) d`c` i` abgb kfda` b C`ftt)

{`k` i~hbw r~n }ftbwn ib }ibl{b kn z~nt{w` }fn,

Lcnw`t 74?26 26Kf`t l` nt a`cgwn) }bwb r~n cfnl{b) Lf afo` kn a`cgwn }bwb r~n tn bwwn}fnl{b,Ni kfo`) v l` abw0Abgi) v l` i` nond~{bw0

D`c` nt{~zn d`l C`ftt) nt{bw d`l{fh` O`t~ 2?>##Ni }wfldf}f` r~n Kf`t ~t }bwb tbdbw b i`t ftwbnif{bt kn Nhf}{` nt ni cftc` }wfldf}f`r~n Kf`t kngb ~tbw }bwb cn{nwi`t nl ib {fnwwb }w`cn{fkb, 'D`c` nt{~zn d`l C`ftt) nt{bwd`l{fh`' O`t~ 2?6g##mNt {`k` i` r~n l`t`{w`t lndntf{bc`t tbgnw, Kf`t nt{ d`lcfh!2 [nt,>?7;5 An, 24?>&

O`t~ 2?> > Lbkfn {n }`kw abdnw jwnl{n nl {`k t i`t kbt kn {~ zfkb5 d`c` nt{~zn d`lC`ftt) nt{bw d`l{fh`5 l` {n knobw) lf {n kntbc}bwbw,

O`t~ 2?6g l` {ncbt lf kntcbvnt) }`wr~n Ona`z {~ Kf`t nt{bw d`l{fh` nl k`lknr~fnwbr~n zbvbt,

2 [ntbi`lfdnltnt >?7; 7;Jfni nt ni r~n `t iibcb) ni d~bi {bcgfl i` abw, Angwn`t 24?> >Tnbl z~nt{wbt d`t{~cgwnt tfl bzbwfdfb) d`l{nl{`t d`l i` r~n {nlft ba`wb5

}`wr~n i kfo`? L` {n kntbc}bwbw) lf {n knobw5

Ib {fnwwb }w`cn{fkb]bwb i`t ftwbnif{bt ib {fnwwb }w`cn{fkb nwb ~l i~hbw jtfd`5 ~l i~hbw k`lkn {`k` nwb anwc`t`) {`ki

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