[edit] evaluación del impacto de la investigación biomedica
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7/25/2019 [Edit] Evaluacin Del Impacto de La Investigacin Biomedica
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Cmo citar este artculo: Solans-Domnech M, Permanyer-Miralda G. Evaluacin del impacto de la investigacin biomdica: para
quin? Med Clin (Barc). 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medcli.2015.11.031
ARTICLE IN PRESSG Model
MEDCLI-3473; No.of Pages3
Med Clin(Barc). 2015;xxx(xx):xxxxxx
www.elsevier .es /medic inac l inica
Editorial
Evaluacin del impacto de la investigacin biomdica: para quin?
Assessing the impact of biomedical research: For whom?
Maite Solans-Domnecha,b, y Gaiet Permanyer-Miraldaa,c, en representacin del Grupo ISOR(Impacte Social de la Recerca)aAgncia de Qualitat i Avaluaci Sanitries de Catalunya (AQuAS), Barcelona, Espanab Centro de Investigacin Biomdica en Redde Epidemiologa y Salud Pblica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Espanac Mdico Emrito, Unidadde Epidemiologa, Servicio de Cardiologa, Hospital Universitario Vall dHebron, Barcelona, Espana
Laevaluacindel impactodela investigacinbiomdica, todava
singrantradicinennuestromedio,esunaactividaden laquedebe-
ran estar implicados no solo los gestores de la investigacin, sino
tambin los investigadores y clnicos en cuanto corresponsables
de ella13. Esta actividad ha adquirido una creciente importancia
por algunas caractersticas del propio proceso de la investigacin:
el enorme crecimiento de la produccin cientfica actual, de cali-
dady validez variables, su nada simplepapel en la dinmica social,
su gigantesco consumo de recursos materiales y humanos, y su
enmaranado trayecto hasta ejercer efectos positivos y negativos
sobre la salud y el bienestar4,5. A efectos de la presente reflexin
se considera impacto de la investigacin cualquier efecto, cambio
o beneficio producidos por esta sobre la economa, la sociedad,la poltica o servicios sanitarios, la salud, el medio ambiente o la
calidad de vida6.
La heterogeneidad de mtodos y modelos conceptuales79 es
una caracterstica bsica de los estudios de evaluacin del impacto
de la investigacin. Esta heterogeneidad depende de la gran varie-
dad de tipos de impacto posibles, a veces con la consiguiente
inconmensurabilidad; pero en buena medida, la heterogeneidad
corresponde tambin a la gran variedadde objetivos de evaluacin
y colectivos sociales interesados en ella (sus destinatarios, audien-
cias diana o target audiences). No ser igual el inters que sobre la
evaluacin del impacto tengan polticos, socilogos, economistas,
gestores, sociedades cientficas, profesionales de la salud o ciuda-
danos en general, y sern distintos los tipos de conocimiento que
se busquen en ella10. Esta heterogeneidad salta a la vista con solo
considerar las preguntas que el evaluador del impacto de la inves-
tigacin puede querer responder. Son mltiples, y ningn estudio
puedepretenderdarrespuestaatodas.Laspreguntasquecadaestu-
dioplantee y el tipo de conocimientoproducido sern acordes con
la finalidad del propio estudio y la orientacin de sus potenciales
usuarios11, como por ejemplo: cmo deben analizarse los diver-
sos tipos de impacto econmico y social de la investigacin?, de
Autor para correspondencia.
Correoelectrnico: [email protected] (M. Solans-Domnech).
qumanera la estimacin delposible impacto de una investigacin
puede ayudar a la promocin o priorizacin de proyectos?, cmo
puedeusarseel conocimientode losmecanismosdegeneracin del
impacto social de la investigacin para facilitar y estimular estos?,
cmose transfieren los resultados de la investigacin a la prctica
sanitaria?
Cabe preguntarse a quin interesa la evaluacin del impacto de
la investigacin, cules son sus audiencias diana12. En el inves-
tigador confluyen las influencias de 2 rdenes sociales: por una
parte, losdistintosgestores,planificadores, polticosy economistas,
y lasgrandes industrias; son losgruposo personas situados aguas
arriba del proceso de la investigacin. Tambin sus beneficiarios
econmicos podran en parte situarse aqu. En 2 palabras, son per-sonas o gruposquepromueveno regulan el proceso. Aguas abajo
estn losprofesionales sanitarios, lospacientesy losciudadanos en
general;o sea, lamayoradelosreceptoresdelproductodela inves-
tigacin, sus llamados usuarios finales (end users). A todos ellos
puedeinteresarel estudio desu impacto. Elcarcterde losdistintos
estudios realizados reflejar los intereses y objetivos de alguno de
estos grupos, y podemos especular que ese carcter guardar rela-
cin con las circunstancias histricas, los valores y las creencias de
sumomentoy lugar.El tipodedestinatariode unestudio deevalua-
cindelimpactoy elcarcterdedichoestudioestarn ntimamente
asociados. Puede ilustrarse este punto mediante 3 estudios impor-
tantes sobre evaluacin del impacto de la investigacin y viendo
cmo susaudiencias diana influyen en el carcter y la metodologa
de estos.
El primer estudio puede interpretarse como dirigido a grandes
inversores y consiste en una estimacin de los beneficios econmi-
cos (o retornos) de la investigacin sobre cncer llevada a cabo en
el Reino Unido en trminos del valor neto de los resultados clni-
cos, realizado porRANDEurope y el Kings College de Londres13. En
l se estim el beneficio, en trminos monetarios, que ha gene-
rado la inversinen investigacin pblica y filantrpicaentre 1970
y 2009. Se identific la inversin en investigacin y se calcularon
sus beneficios monetarios netos a partir de las tasas de aplicacin
de sus resultados, estimando luego los posibles anos de vida ajus-
tados por calidad ganados. Se concluy que la tasa de beneficio
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medcli.2015.11.031
0025-7753/ 2015 Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. Todos los derechos reservados.
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7/25/2019 [Edit] Evaluacin Del Impacto de La Investigacin Biomedica
3/3
Cmo citar este artculo: Solans-Domnech M, Permanyer-Miralda G. Evaluacin del impacto de la investigacin biomdica: para
quin? Med Clin (Barc). 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medcli.2015.11.031
ARTICLE IN PRESSG Model
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M. Solans-Domnech, G. Permanyer-Miralda / Med Clin (Barc). 2015;xxx(xx):xxxxxx 3
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