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Tools and protocols for thecalculation of carbon emissions
in the wine-making process
OIV -18, rue dAguesseau F-75008 Paris - France
Phone : +33 (0) 1 44 94 80 80 - Fax : +33 (0) 1 42 66 90 63 - E-mail :[email protected]://www.oiv.int
Dr. Ignacio Snchez Recarte
Head of the Economy and Law Unit
EcoSostenibleWine 2010
Vilafranca del Peneds June 2010
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BASIC PROBLEMATICGlobal Warming
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BASIC PROBLEMATICGlobal Warming GHG emission by sector
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INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES
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INTERNATIONAL RESPONSESNational and private initiatives
General Standard
NationalCalculators
Labels
PAS 2050
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INTERNATIONAL RESPONSESInfluence on Consumer Behaviour
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WHAT ARE WE REALLY DEALING WITH?
Consumer expectations?
Retailers demands
Influence consumer choiceRetailer pressure on producers
Pressure for bottling in destination
Internal tool for the company
Government tax
Labelling
Company
declaration
Product
Protocol
Company
Protocol
Zero Emissions
expectations
Impossible to accomplish
No transparency Paying for bad practices
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WINE SECTOR RESPONSE
Generic calculators already applied in the wine sector
Specific calculators for the wine industry
Sometimes Requested calculator (in UK)
PAS 2050
International WineCarbon Calculator
Protocol
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WINE SECTOR RESPONSEBILAN CARBONE - ADEME
Enterprise or community oriented Very detailed
INCLUDES Energy
Transportso Productso Persons (business travels and transport to work)
Infrastructures and Capital items
Inputs
Recycling
Services - Oenoturism
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WINE SECTOR RESPONSEFIVS International Wine Carbon Calculator Protocol
International WineCarbon Calculator
Protocol
Swinging between product and enterprise
Very flexible
INCLUDES
Barrels Wine making additives
EXCLUDES Not owned machines not controlled emissions Business travel
Capital items Short term carbon cycle
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WINE SECTOR RESPONSEPAS 2050
INCLUDES
Land use changes100-year assessment period for carbon of biogenic origin is stored inthe product
Not for human ingestion 1 year storage of at least 50% of the mass of carbon removedfrom the atmosphere Result of human action (managed forestry)
Transport emissions of the return journey
EXCLUDESChanges in the carbon content of soilsEmissions from the production of capital goods
PAS 2050 Product Protocol Based on LCA and ISO Standards
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OIV RESPONSE
OIV STRATEGIC PLAN2009 2012
Adopted by the OIVExtraordinary General Asambly
the 24 October de 2008
F. GREENHOUSE EFFECT : CARBON DIOXYDE
BALANCE
Points Actions
F.1Identify and analyse factors responsible forgreenhouse effect
F.2
Develop methodology for calculatingcarbon balance for vine products including
production, processing, packaging anddistribution (in direct and indirect proceduresof vitivinicultural products)
Harmonised Protocol Specific for the wine sector Base for the development of calculators Adopted in October 2010?
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GENERAL FRAMEWORKReference documents
Origin DOCUMENT
UN (UNEP)UE (EEA)
Life Cycle Assessment
ISO ISO 14044 (Environmental management - Life cycleassessment - Requirements and guidelines)ISO 14064 (Criteria for the accounting and check ofGreenhouse gases)
AU/NZ/SA/California -FIVS
International Wine Carbon Calculator Protocol
ADEME - France Bilan Carbone
DEFRA UK PAS 2050
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DRAFT
OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting Protocol(OIV GHGAP)
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1. PRODUCT PROTOCOL - PP
ISO definition of product: any good or service
Based in the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
Emissions from production to final distributionof the wine
Use Labelling initiatives?
2. ENTERPRISE PROTOCOL - EP
Emissions associated to the company activities
Exact determination of Controlled activities
Use Internal tool for the company New green tax?
OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting ProtocolObjective
PAS 2050IWCCP
Bilan CarboneIWCCP
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Assignation of emissions for EP
Business-to-business
Selling contract clauses
OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting ProtocolBoundaries
Assignation of emissions for PP
Business-to-consumer
Based in LCA
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Short-term carbon cycle EXCLUDED (nota for semi-permanent structures)
Land use change EXCLUDED Components that contribute less that 1% EXCLUDED
Limits of the rule Data relevance and accuracy
OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting ProtocolGeneral Rules - Premises
Waste treatment
Fermentation - Wine
Degradation orcombustion
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Vineyard
A priori included in the short term carbon cycle
Review the inclusion of carbon vine sequestration in the long term cycle
Cover Crop
Included in the short term carbon cycle
Forest
Owned or managed Included in the long term carbon cycle
Soil
A priori included in the short term carbon cycle
Review the possibility of including it in the long term cycle
OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting ProtocolCarbon sinks
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PURCHASED POWER UTILITY
Fuel, electricity and heat
OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting ProtocolEnergy
ONSITE GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY
EMISSIONS FROM FOSSIL SOURCES INCLUDED EP and PP
EMISSIONS FROM BIOMASS AND BIOFUELS Biogenic EXCLUDEDProduction INCLUDED
Amonut of energy
used
Average emission
factor
EMISSIONS FROM METHANE COMBUSTION FROM WASTE EXCLUDED if biogenic
Amonut of energy
used
Average emission
factor
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CAPITAL GOODS
Production - EXCLUDED
Transport to place of use INCLUDED; for EP see contract details
Maintenance and Use Included in the activities of the company
Disposal No mention so excluded
OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting ProtocolInfrastructure and capital items
Cellar, warehouse
Roads, parking
INFRASTRUCTURES are EXCLUDED
What about theeco-construction?
No difference between
OWNED or NOT OWNED
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PREMISES
Apply 1% emission rule
Analyse the existence of relevant data
OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting ProtocolInputs
INPUTS
Production EXCLUDED from EP but INCLUDED in the PP
Transport to place of use INCLUDED in the EP (contract clauses) and PP
Use INCLUDED in the EP and PP
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OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting ProtocolBarrels
Emissions from Production are EXCLUDED
Capital item
Input
Emissions from Production are INCLUDED
Characteristic element of the sectorVS
Simplicity and carbon footprint reduction
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OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting ProtocolTransport and Travels
Movement of Product Protocol inclusion
Transport of capital goods from their purchased pointto the place of use EP: see contractPP: yes
Transport of inputs from their purchased point to theplace of use
EP: see contractPP: yes
Transport activities during the wine making process:- Vineyard and cellar
EP: yesPP: yes
Transport of the wine from the winery to the:1. Retailer / Tax warehouse2. Final consumer (internet sales)
EP: see contractPP: yes
Transport of product residues to a recycling centre EP: yes (no if future input)PP: yes (no if future input)
Transport of waste to its disposal centreInside/outside company boundaries
EP: yes/noPP: yes/yes
Transport of by-products to its reuse centreInside/outside company boundaries
EP: yes/noPP: yes/no
Return journey of a vehicle when the vehicle does nottransport products on its return
EP: noPP: no
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OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting ProtocolTransport and Travels
Movement of People Protocol
Travels of employees to and from their place ofwork within the company
EP: noPP: no
Business travels EP: yes
PP: noTransport of consumers to and from the point ofretail purchase
EP: noPP: no
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OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting ProtocolDisposal and Reuse
PREMISES
INCLUDED if inside company boundaries
Important to analyse the company controlboundaries contract clauses
PREMISES
INCLUDED if inside company boundaries EXCLUDED for EP if outside company boundaries
CO2
emissions from aerobic waste treatment (arising from biogeniccarbon waste) is considered as part of short term carbon cycle
ex. marc sale
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PREMISES
Emissions related to recycling activities are in general INCLUDED
Avoid double counting of emissions in relation to:a) the production of the inputb) the emissions in the recycling process
Analyse boundaries when
OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting ProtocolRecycling
Recycled
goodInput
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OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting ProtocolProduction / Recycling Wine bottles
Raw materials
Silica
Alkali
Limestone
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OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting ProtocolPAS 2050: Production / Recycling Wine bottles
Emissions/ unit = (1-R1) x EV + (R1xER) + (1-R2) x ED
R1 = proportion of recycled material inputR2 = proportion of material in the product that
is recycled at the end of lifeER = emissions arising from recycled material input
EV = emissions arising from virgin material inputED = emissions arising from disposal of waste material
Disposal of waste
Use of cullet
Use of raw material
PAS 2050
The emissions shall reflect the
product specific recycle contentand/or recycling rate
Data from which country?o
producer?o consumer?
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OIV GreenHouse Gas Accounting ProtocolProduction / Recycling Wine bottles
Raw materials
Silica
Alkali
Limestone
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RECYCLING PRODUCTION of INPUT
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SUMMARY
Climate Change and greenhouse effect are an important problematic thewine sector will have to deal with
Responses to this problematic will certainly have an influence on the winemarket
The wine sector needs a coordinated response
The response must be scientifically acceptable for all the agents
The OIV is preparing an harmonised protocol, not a new one
The OIV Protocol will serve as a basis for the development of calculators
The OIV Protocol will be under continuous improvement
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Gracias por su atencin
OIV -18, rue dAguesseau F-75008 Paris - France
Phone : +33 (0) 1 44 94 80 80
[email protected]://www.oiv.int