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METODO ESTANDAR PARA LA DETERMINACION DE LOS PRODUCTOS DELPETRLEO POR DESTILACION
ERIKA PATRICIA CORDOBA LEY 20111100992JUAN PABLO TOVAR 20121109103
EDGAR LEONEL PERDOMO 20121107771
TRABAJO PRESENTADO EN LA ASIGNATURA
CRUDOS Y DERIVADOS
PROFESORA HAYDEE MORALES
UNIVERSIDA SURCOLOMBIANA
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA
PROGRAMA DE PETRLEOS
NEIVA, NOVIEMBRE
201
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TABLA DE CONTENIDO
1. INTRODUCCION
2. OBJETIVOS
3. ELEMENTOS TERICOS
4. PROCEDIMIENTO
5. TABLA DE DATOS
6. MUESTRA DE CLCULOS
7. TABLA DE RESULTADOS
8. RESPUESTA AL CUESTIONARIO
9. ANLISIS DE RESULTADOS
10. CONCLUSIONES
BIBLIORA!IA
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1! INTRODUCCIN
E" #$ %&'&%()($'*& +, -,' ()/&*,'%(, $ *($'$ +, $*,%%(' #$+ /$*+$&, '($+ )'#(,+ /$" $' *&'& , $"*$ -(, +, ,%*((#,# $'$-*(%, *,'*& #$/,"$" /%*&$" %&)& %&'")(#&$" #$ $"*& #$(, $+ ")& %(#,#&
+& $+$,#&" %&"*&" , +, &, #$ $,+(:, +," $"/$%*(," /$;," $' %,'*&%&'%($'$' , $"*$ /$" /,, +, ('#"*(, $+ /$*+$& '& "$ ", %&)& "$$*,$ #$ +, ',*,+$:, "( '& $ "$ "$/,, $' )$:%+," ), $' ', #$ +," /$;," ),'#& , "$: #$*$)(', +, %,'*(#,# #$ %,#, '& #$ $++&".P& $"*, ,:' , *," #$ $"*, /
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ENERAL?
D$*$)(', $+ /&%$'*,>$ $+ ,'-& #$ #$"*(+,%(' #$ ' %#& $=(',;+$
ESPECI!ICOS
L&-, "$/,, $+ %#& $' )$:%+," )$'&" %&)/+$>," /& )$#(& #$ +,"
#(=$$'%(," #$ "" /'*&" #$ $;++(%('
C&'"*( +, %, ASTM , /,*( #$ +," *$)/$,*," #$ $;++(%('
&+)*(%," +&" &+@)$'$" #$*$)(',#&" $' $+ +,;&,*&(& /&"*$(&)$'*$ %&$-(#&" , *," #$ +, ,/+(%,%(' #$ =)+," -,=(%,"
O;*$'$ +," *$)/$,*," /&)$#(& )&+, )$#(& $' /$"& +&" =,%*&$" #$%,,%*$(:,%(' &/ +," /$'#($'*$" +," -,$#,#$" $"/$%=(%," +&"%,+&$" $$(#&" /,, %,#, ', #$ +," =,%%(&'$" #$*$)(',#," $'$"/$%(,+ /,, $+ %#&.
3! MARCO TERICO
"UE ES LA DESTILACION FRACCIONADA#
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+, #$"*(+,%(' =,%%(&',#, $" ' /&%$"& ="(%& *(+(:,#& /,, "$/,,)$:%+,"-$'$,+)$'*$&)&-'$," #$ +(#&")$#(,'*$ $+ %,+& %&' ' ,)/+(&('*$%,);(& %,+(%&), "$ &;*($'$ ', ""*,'%(, /$#$*$)(',#,. P& $>$)/+&? "$
%,+($'*, $+ %#& ,"*, +&" 100 FC #$ #&'#$ "$ &;*($'$ ',=*, +$-& "$ "(-$%,+$'*,'#& $+ /$*+$& $"*,'*$ /,, &;*$'$ &*," ""*,'%(," ;"%,#," $'*$)/$,*," )
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L$-& #$ $'*, $' +," ;,'#$>," %,#, ""*,'%(, *($'$ , " +-, #$*$)(',#&)($'*," $ $+ $"*& #$+ /$*+$& $ '& "$ $,/& %#& $#%(#& %,$,%(, +, ;,"$.
D$ $"*, ),'$, "$ &;*($'$'? -,"+$&" ACPM $&"$'& *;&"(', ',=*,
-,"$" (%&" $' ;*,'& /&/,'&. L&" #$)
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%! PROCEDIMIENO
D$ ,%$#& %&' +, '&), ASTM D 86G90 $+ /&%$#()($'*& , "$-( /,, +, $,+(:,%(' #$+, /$;, $"*
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5. R$/(*, %,+($ #$"*(+,%(' $ '& %)/+( %&' +& ,'*$(& %&'#(%(&'$".
6. S( $' ,+-@' /'*& #$ +, #$"*(+,%(' "$ &;"$, #$"%&)/&"(%(' #$>$ #$ %,+$'*, /&%$#$ %&)& #((-(#, $' 1.
7. E' $+ ('*$,+& $'*$ $+ /'*& #$ $;++(%(' ('(%(,+ $+ =(',+ #$ +, #$"*(+,%('&;"$, $-("*, +&" #,*&" '$%$",(&" /,, $+ %&. E"*&" #,*&"&;"$,#&" /$#$ ('%+( +$%*," #$+ *$))$*& $' /&%$'*,>$" /$"%(*&" #$+&+)$' $%/$,#& & /&%$'*,>$". R$-("*, *&" +&" &+@)$'$" $' $+ /&"-,#&, /$%("(' #$ 05 & 01 )+ *," +," +$%*," #$+ *$))$*& , /$%("(' #$ 05FC 1F! & 0. 1FC 0.1F! "$-@' "$, ,/&/(,#& /,, $+ ,/,,*& $ "$ *(+(:,.
RUPO OGE' %,"&" $' +&" $ '& , #,*&" $"/$%=(%&" $ '& ,' "(#&
('#(%,#&" $-("*$ +, *$)/$,*, ('(%(,+ #$ $;++(%(' /'*& $+ /'*& =(',+/'*& #$ $;++(%(' =(',+ +$%*," #$+ *$))$*& $' %,#, )@+*(/+& #$10H #$+ &+)$' $%/$,#& , /,*( #$ 10 , 90 ('%+"($.
RUPO 1 2 3 4? E' +&" %,"&" $' +&" $ '& "$ ,++,' ('#(%,#& +&"
#,*&" $"/$%=(%&" $-("*, $+ /'*& #$ $;++(%(' ('(%(,+ $+ /'*& =(',+/'*& #$ $;++(%(' =(',+ & /'*& "$%& & ,);&" +$%*," #$+ *$))$*&, 5 15 85 95H $%/$,#& $' %,#, )@+*(/+$ 10H #$+ &+)$'$%/$, #$ 10 , 90 ('%+"($.
8. C,'#& $+ +(#& $"(#,+ $' $+ ),*,: $" #$ ,/&(),#,)$'*$ 5 )+ $,+(:, ',>"*$ =(',+ #$+ %,+& #$ ),'$, $ $+ *($)/& #$"#$ 5 )+ #$ $"(#& +(#& $' $+
),*,: ,"*, $+ /'*& =(',+ P'*& #$ $;++(%(' =(',+ #$;$ $"*, #$'*& #$ +&"+)(*$" /$"%(*&" $' +, T,;+, 4. S( $"*, %&'#(%(' '& "$ %)/+$ $/$*( +, /$;,%&' ', )(=(%,%(' ,/&/(,#, #$+ ,>"*$ *)(%& =(',+.
9. O;"$, $-("*, $+ /'*& =(',+ /'*& #$ $;++(%(' =(',+ & /'*& "$%& & ,);&""$-@' "$, '$%$",(& ""/$'#$ +, %,+$=,%%('.
10. S( ;($' $+ *;& %&'#$'",#& %&'*('@, #$','#& &;"$, $+ &+)$' #$%&'#$'",#& $' ('*$,+&" 2 )(' ,"*, $ #&" &;"$,%(&'$" "%$"(," $"*
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,"*, $ '& ,)$'*& ,/$%(,;+$ $' $+ &+)$' #$ +(#& $' +, 5 )+ +$-&$-("*$ +," &;"$,%(&'$".
RUPO OGC&&+ $+ -,#,#& #$ 0 , 4.5FC 32 F! , 40 F !. R$-("*$ $+
&+)$' %&' ', /$%("(' #$ 01 )+ %&)& $"(#& $' /&%$'*,>$.
L&" -/&" 1 2 3 4G A'&*$ $+ &+)$' $' $+ /&"-,#& %&' ',/$%("(' #$ 01 )+ %&)& $"(#& /& %($'*&.
13. L, "), #$+ /&%$'*,>$ #$ $%/$,%(' )$ #$ $%/$,%(' *&*,+. D$#%( $+ /&%$'*,>$ #$ $%/$,%(' *&*,+ #$100 /,, &;*$'$ $+ /& %($'*& #$ /#(#,.
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! TABLA DE DATOS
C&)& +, /
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27 26
2 27
29 28
30 29
31 30
32 3133 32
3% 33
3 34
3 35
37 36
3 37
39 38
%0 39
%1 40
%2 41
%3 42
%% 43
% 44
% 45
%7 46
% 47
%9 48
0 49
1 502 51
3 52
% 53
54
55
7 56
57
9 58
0 59
1 60T+4-+ N!1 V&+@)$'$" #$"*(+,#&" %&' " $"/$%*(, *$)/$,*, #$ $;++(%('
IN!ORMACION ENERAL DURANTE LA PRUEBA5API 4052G'T 0823
V-&.'/ 6' -+ .&'()*+ 100 )+
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P*'(8/ 6' N'+ 722 )) -V-&.'/ 6'()-+6 60 )+
T+4-+ N!2 C&'#(%(&'$" -$'$,+$" #$ +, /$;,
T+4-+ N! 3 R,'-&" #$ *$)/$,*, #$ $;++(%(' /,, %#&" #$(,#&"
SUSTANCIA 5API G'TP')*8-' C*&6 4537 1513 08 G 0865
G+(-/+ 7064 5227 07 G 077
K'*('/' 5227 4106 077 082
A:')'( L&4*:+/)'( L+/( 3304 2230 086 092
A:')'( L&4*:+/)'( P'(+6( 2929 1289 088 G 098
F&'- O-, A(;+-)( 1289 199 098 106
T+4-+ N %! R,'-&" #$ FAPI -,$#,# $"/$%=(%, /,, %#&" #$(,#&"
! MUESTRA DE CALCULOS
D,'*$ +, /
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&+)$' $,/&,#& $"*," %&$%%(&'$" "$ ,%$' $' ;,"$ , +&" 100)+ #$)$"*, #$ +, "(-($'*$ ),'$,?
PORCENTAJE DE RECOBRO
%Recobro=Volumen destilado
Volumeninicial 100
%Recobro= 60
100100
%Recobro=60
PORCENTAJE DE RESIDUOS
%Residuos=Volumen residuos
Volumen inicial100
%Residuos= 35
100100
%Residuos=35
PORCENTAJE DE TOTAL RECUPERADO
Total Recuperado=%Recobro+Residuo
Total Recuperado=60+35
Total Recuperado=95
PORCENTAJE DE P=RDIDAS
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%Perdidas=100%total de lamuestraTotal Recuperado
%perdidas=10095
%perdidas=5
P& +& *,'*& $+ &+)$' *&*,+ #$ /#(#," $"?
Volumen total%perdidas=100 (ml )5
Volumen total perdidas=5ml
PORCENTAJE DE EVAPORADO
de Evaporado=%Recobro+%Perdida
de Evaporado=60+5
de Evaporado=65
CORRECCION DE LAS TEMPERATURAS POR EFECTO DE LA PRESION
D$;(#& , $ +&" #,*&" $/&*,#&" $"*
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P=presionbarometrica del lugar
, $ +&" #,*&" #$;$' $"*, $' F! "$ ,%$' +," $"/$%*(," %&'$"(&'$" #$ +,
"(-($'*$ ),'$,?
F=(( C+273,15 )1,8 )459,67
P,, $=$%*&" /'*+)&*+5C
T'.>'*+)&*+5F
C; T'.>C**'?6+ 5F
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1 44 111,2 2,6031672
113,80
3167
2 46 114,8 2,6195832
117,41
9583
3 58 136,4 2,718
0792
139,11
8079% 69 156,2 2,8083672
159,00
8367
80 176 2,8986552
178,89
8655
92 197,6 2,9971512
200,59
7151
7 95 203 3,0217752
206,02
1775
98 208,4 3,0463992
211,44
6399
9 100 212 3,0628152215,06
2815
10 104 219,2 3,0956472
222,29
5647
11 111 231,8 3,1531032
234,95
3103
12 113 235,4 3,1695192
238,56
9519
13 117 242,6 3,2023512
245,80
2351
1% 119 246,2 3,218
7672
249,41
87671 114 237,2 3,177
7272
240,37
7727
1 106 222,8 3,1120632
225,91
2063
17 109 228,2 3,1366872
231,33
6687
1 116 240,8 3,1941432
243,99
4143
19 120 248 3,2269752
251,22
6975
20 121 249,8 3,2351832
253,035183
21 124 255,2 3,2598072
258,45
9807
22 125 257 3,2680152
260,26
8015
23 130 266 3,3090552
269,30
9055
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2% 121 249,8 3,2351832
253,03
5183
2 110 230 3,1448952
233,14
4895
2 118 244,4 3,210
5592
247,61
055927 133 271,4 3,3336792
274,73
3679
2 142 287,6 3,4075512
291,00
7551
29 152 305,6 3,4896312
309,08
9631
30 158 316,4 3,5388792
319,93
8879
31 161 321,8 3,5635032
325,36
3503
32 178 352,4 3,7030392356,10
3039
33 182 359,6 3,7358712
363,33
5871
3% 180 356 3,7194552
359,71
9455
3 172 341,6 3,6537912
345,25
3791
3 175 347 3,6784152
350,67
8415
37 160 320 3,555
2952
323,55
52953 156 312,8 3,522
4632
316,32
2463
39 161 321,8 3,5635032
325,36
3503
%0 179 354,2 3,7112472
357,91
1247
%1 183 361,4 3,7440792
365,14
4079
%2 185 365 3,7604952
368,76
0495
%3 183 361,4 3,7440792
365,144079
%% 172 341,6 3,6537912
345,25
3791
% 173 343,4 3,6619992
347,06
1999
% 174 345,2 3,6702072
348,87
0207
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%7 176 348,8 3,6866232
352,48
6623
% 173 343,4 3,6619992
347,06
1999
%9 195 383 3,842
5752
386,84
25750 208 406,4 3,9492792
410,34
9279
1 213 415,4 3,9903192
419,39
0319
2 214 417,2 3,9985272
421,19
8527
3 220 428 4,0477752
432,04
7775
% 228 442,4 4,1134392
446,51
3439
231 447,8 4,1380632451,93
8063
324 615,2 4,9014072
620,10
1407
7 233 451,4 4,1544792
455,55
4479
294 561,2 4,6551672
565,85
5167
9 298 568,4 4,6879992
573,08
7999
0 238 460,4 4,195
5192
464,59
55191 165 329 3,596
3352
332,59
6335
CORRECCION DEL VOLUMEN DE PERDIDAS POR P=RDIDAS EN LA
DESTILACION
D$;(#& , $ $+ &+)$' &;*$'(#& #$"*(+,#& '& $/$"$'*, $+ &+)$' $,+#$"*(+,#& , $", *$)/$,*, $" '$%$",(& %&$-(+& /& )$#(& #$ +, "(-($'*$$%,%('?
V c i=V d i+(LiLT)Lc
D'#$?
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V ci , es el volumencorregido por perdidas
V d i , es el volumendestilado enml de cadalectura
Li , Numero delectura
LT, Numerode lecturas totales
Lc , volumende perdidas corregidas por efectodela presion
A&,
Lc
"$ %,+%+, ,"?
Lc=(L)+!
D'#$?
Lc , Volumende perdidascorregidas por presion
L ,Volumende perdidas calculadas en la prueba
" ! , constantes
L," %&'"*,'*$" A B ",#," /,, ,++, $+ /&%$'*,>$ #$ /#(#," %&$-(#," /&/$"(' "$ &;*($'$' #$ *,;+," "$ ('*$/&+,' +&" ,+&$"?
P .. H? A B720 0600 0200722 0,13 0,193730 0667 0166
E+ &+)$' #$ /$#(#," %&$-(#, $"
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Lc=(L)+!
Lc=(0,6135ml)+0,193
Lc=3,258ml
E'*&'%$" $+ &+)$' %&$-(#& /,, +, /()$, "$-'#, +$%*, "$
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A %&'*(',%(' "$ )$"*,' +," 39 +$%*," %&$-(#,"?M$"*
,T$)/$,*,F
!T$)/
C&$-(#, F!
V&+)$' )+
V&+C&$-(#
& )+
H V&+C&$-(#
&
1 111,2 113,803167
0 0,05340984
0,08443
175
2 114,8 117,419583
1 1,10681967
1,74969
122
3 136,4 139,118079
2 2,16022951
3,41495
069
% 156,2 159,008367
3 3,21363934
5,08021
016
176 178,898655
4 4,26704918
6,74546
963
197,6 200,597151
5 5,32045902
8,41072
91
7 203 206,021775
6 6,37386885
10,0759
886
208,4 211,446399
7 7,42727869
11,7412
48
9 212 215,062815
8 8,48068852
13,4065
075
10 219,2 222,295647
9 9,53409836
15,0717
67
11 231,8 234,953103
10 10,5875082
16,7370
265
12 235,4 238,569519
11 11,640918
18,4022
859
13 242,6 245,802351
12 12,6943279
20,0675
454
1% 246,2 249,418767
13 13,7477377
21,7328
049
1 237,2 240,377727
14 14,8011475
23,3980
643
1 222,8 225,912063
15 15,8545574
25,0633
238
17 228,2 231,336687
16 16,9079672
26,7285
833
1 240,8 243,994143
17 17,961377
28,3938
428
19 248 251,226975
18 19,0147869
30,0591
022
20 249,8 253,035183
19 20,0681967
31,7243
617
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21 255,2 258,459807
20 21,1216066
33,3896
212
22 257 260,268015
21 22,1750164
35,0548
806
23 266 269,309
055
22 23,2284
262
36,7201
4012% 249,8 253,035183
23 24,2818361
38,3853
996
2 230 233,144895
24 25,3352459
40,0506
59
2 244,4 247,610559
25 26,3886557
41,7159
185
27 271,4 274,733679
26 27,4420656
43,3811
78
2 287,6 291,007551
27 28,4954754
45,0464
375
29 305,6 309,089631 28 29,5488
85246,7116
969
30 316,4 319,938879
29 30,6022951
48,3769
564
31 321,8 325,363503
30 31,6557049
50,0422
159
32 352,4 356,103039
31 32,7091148
51,7074
753
33 359,6 363,335871
32 33,7625246
53,3727
348
3% 356 359,719
455
33 34,8159
344
55,0379
9433 341,6 345,253
791
34 35,8693443
56,7032
538
3 347 350,678415
35 36,9227541
58,3685
132
37 320 323,555295
36 37,9761639
60,0337
727
3 312,8 316,322463
37 39,0295738
61,6990
322
39 321,8 325,363503
38 40,0829836
63,3642
916
%0 354,2 357,911247
39 41,1363934
65,0295511
%1 361,4 365,144079
40 42,1898033
66,6948
106
%2 365 368,760495
41 43,2432131
68,3600
701
%3 361,4 365,144079
42 44,296623
70,0253
295
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%% 341,6 345,253791
43 45,3500328
71,6905
89
% 343,4 347,061999
44 46,4034426
73,3558
485
% 345,2 348,870
207
45 47,4568
525
75,0211
079%7 348,8 352,486623
46 48,5102623
76,6863
674
% 343,4 347,061999
47 49,5636721
78,3516
269
%9 383 386,842575
48 50,617082
80,0168
863
0 406,4 410,349279
49 51,6704918
81,6821
458
1 415,4 419,390319
50 52,7239016
83,3474
053
2 417,2 421,198527 51 53,7773
11585,0126
648
3 428 432,047775
52 54,8307213
86,6779
242
% 442,4 446,513439
53 55,8841311
88,3431
837
447,8 451,938063
54 56,937541
90,0084
432
615,2 620,101407
55 57,9909508
91,6737
026
7 451,4 455,554
479
56 59,0443
607
93,3389
621 561,2 565,855
167
57 60,0977705
95,0042
216
9 568,4 573,087999
58 61,1511803
96,6694
811
0 460,4 464,595519
59 62,2045902
98,3347
405
1 329 332,596335
60 63,258 100
U', $: %&$-(#&" +&" &+@)$'$" +,"*$)/$,*," "$ /&%$#$ , -,=(%, /,,&;"$, $+ %&)/&*,)($'*& #$ +&" #,*&" #$ +,/$;, #$ #$"*(+,%(' &;*$'($'#& +, "(-($'*$-
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D$ ,%$#& , +, *,;+, #&'#$ "$ %,,%*$(:, +&" /%*&" #$+ /$*+$& #$ ,%$#&,+ ,'-& #$ *$)/$,*, #$ $;++(%(' "$-@' +, -
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D$;(#& , $ +&" #,*&" &;*$'(#&" $' +, /$;, '& *($'$' ' %&)/&*,)($'*&),*$)& %, ++,),#, ASTM D86 %&';,"$ $' $"*, "$ #$;$ $,+(:, +&" %
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70 70 37627790 90 448459
Determinacin de Temperatura de ebullicin promedio volumtrica (Tv) :
Tv=T
10+T
30+T
50+T
70+T
90
5
Tv=187,571+245,833+308,735+376,277+448,459
5
Tv=313,375 F
Determinacin de la Pendiente S de la Curva ASTM:
$= T
90T
10
(9010 )%Volumetrico
$=448,459187,571
9010
$=3,2611
U*(+(:,'#& +, /$'#($'*$ +, *$)/$,*, #$ $;++(%(' /&)$#(& %,+%+,)&" +&"=,%*&$" #$ %&$%%(' %&' +, =(-, 23.25 /,, $'%&'*, +," #$)
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Fc 1=8,44
T=8,44+313,375 F
T=321,81 F
CALCULO DE LA TEMPERATURA PROMEDO CU$CA " Tc #
Tc=Fc 2+Tv
L$$'#& #$ +, -
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T&=Fc 4+Tv
L$$'#& #$ +, -
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(oup=3321,81+459,67
0.823=11,19
P,, Tc
(oup=3
Tc'T
(oup=3305,19+459,67
0.823=11,11
CALCULO DEL PESO MOLECULAR
&)=204.38 (Tm0,118 )'T1,88
e(0,00218Tm3,075'T)
&)=204.38 ((291,15+459,67 )0,118)0,8231,88 e(0,00218(291,15+459,67)3,0750,823)
&)=126,61lb / lbmol
CALCULO DE (RA)EDAD AP
P*=
141,5
'T131,5
P*=141,5
0,823131,5
P*=40,43
CALCULO DE CO!DCO!ES PSEUDOCRCTCAS
TEMPERATURA PSEUDOCRITICA
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C&' +, *$)/$,*, #$ $;++(%(' /&)$#(& )&+, TM 27693F! $+ FAPI 4043 #$+%#& +, =(-, 23G27 "$ +$$ +, *$)/$,*, P"$#&%(*(%,.
$ Tc=629 F
PRESIN PSEUDOCRITICA:
C&' +, *$)/$,*, #$ $;++(%(' /&)$#(& )$#(& Tm=291,15 F +, FAPI 4043
#$+ %#& +, =(-, 23G29 +, /$"(' P"$#&%(*(%,?
$Pc=463psia
CALCULO DE CO!DCO!ES PSEUDOREDUCDAS
T$)/$,*, /"$#&$#%(#,
sTr=Tlab
sTc
sTr=
(84,2+459,67 )R629+459,67R
sTr=0.498
P$"(' /"$#&$#%(#,
sPr=Plab
sPc
sPr=
722mm+g( 14,696Psia760mm+g)463psia
sPr=0.0301
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CALCULO DE CALORES DEL CRUDO
D!A CRETACEOCalor e*pec+,ico
Cp=0.388+0.00045T'T
Cp=0.388+0.00045(321,81 f)
0,823
Cp=0,5873 !T
lbmF
Calor latente de vapori-acin
-v=110.90.09T&'T
-v=110.90.09(276,93 F)
0.823
-v=104,467!tu /lbm
CALCULO DEL CALOR ESPEC.%CO PARA LOS (ASES
Cp gases=0.171+0.127
'T+0.0005T
Cp gases=0.171+0.127
0.823+0.0005 (321,81 F)
Cp gases=0,4862!tu /lbmF
CO!DUCT)DAD T/RMCA
(=0.813
'T[13105 (T m32) ]
(=0.8130.823 [1310
5 (291,15 F32)]
(=0,980!tu/.rlbmF
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CALCULO DE E!TALPAS DEL CRUDO
M$#(,'*$ $+ API T$)/$,*, #$ +,;&,*&(& &/ #$+ CRUDO +, -
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'84,2 F=0,8409
't='T 1
1.8( tT)
'86F=0.780
75105
1.8(84,2 F60 )
'84,2 F=0,7699
G'T 1 10 G' T
0,068 08409
08230,13
0,7066 07699
2crudo82,4 F=82,4 F2agua 82,4 F
2crudo82,4 F=(0,8135 )(0.996028 gmL )2crudo82,4 F=0,810
g
mL ( lbm453.59 g )
2crudo 82,4 F=0,001786lbm
mL
C&)& $+ &+)$' %&$-(#& #$ #$"*(+,#& #$ +, )$"*, #$ %#& $" #$ 63258 )+?
mcrudo86 F=2crudo86 FVolumendestilado corregido
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mcrudo86 F=0,001786lbm
mL(63,258ml )
mcrudo86 F=0.113lbm
CALOR RE0UERDO:3crudo=m(+V
/ /+L/ )
3crudo=0,113lbm(272,3628,32)!tu
lbm
3crudo=27,57 !tu
MUESTRA DE CLCULO PARA LA GASOLINA
P,, %,+%+, +," /&/($#,#$" $$(#," /,, +, -,"&+(', "$ #$;$ *&), %&)&100H +, =,%%(' &+)*(%, #$ $"*, =,%%(&',+, $' 10 /,*$" (-,+$" *,+ %&)&"$ )$"*, , %&'*(',%('?
Fn=%VT gasolina
10n
F1=61,69
101=6,169
A /,*( #$ $"*&" ,+&$" #$ =,%%(' &+)*(%, +, $%,%(' &;*$'(#, #$ +, %,ASTM D86 %,+%+,)&" +, *$)/$,*, #$ $;++(%(' &+)*(%, ,"?
000582 26811 16018
D'#$?
T ebullicion
%Vol#corregido
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G P,, +, /()$, =,%%(' *$'$)&"? 0005861692 268116169 16018
16556
!,%%(' H HVOLUMEN )+ T EBULLICIONF!
1 10 ,19 17,9%3 30 1,07 211,75 0 30,% 2%,397 70 %3,13 2,779 90 ,21 32,92
C&' $"*&" ,+&$" ,++,)&" +, *$)/$,*, &+)*(%,?
Tv=T
10+T
30+T
50+T
70+T
90
5
Tv=176,94+211,78+248,39+286,77+326,92
5
Tv=250,16
,++,)&" +, /$'#($'*$?
$= T
90T
10
(9010 )%Volumetrico
$=326,92176,94
9010
$=1,875
CALCULO DE LA TEMPERATURA PROMEDIO EN PESO
T
T=Fc1+Tv
T=4,17+250,16
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T=254,33 F
CALCULO DE LA TEMPERATURA PROMEDIO CUBICA Tc
Tc=Fc 2+Tv
Tc=5+250,16
Tc=245,16 F
CALCULO DE LA TEMPERATURA PROMEDIO MEDIO Tm
Tm=Fc3+Tv
Tm=14,17+250,16
Tm=235,99 F
CALCULO DE LA TEMPERATURA PROMEDIO MOLAR T&
T&=Fc 4+Tv
T&=21,83+250,16
T&=228,33 F
CALCULO DEL FACTOR DE CARACTERI$ACION KOUP
L, -,$#,# $"/$%=(%, #$ +, =,%%(' "$ ,")( %&)& 0.735 "($'#& $"*$ $+ /&)$#(& #$+,'-& #$ +," -,$#,#$" *,;+,#," /,, +, -,"&+(',.
P,, T)
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(oup=3Tm
'T
(oup=3235,99+459,67
0.735
=12,05
P,, TM
(oup=3T&
'T
(oup=3228,33+459,67
0.735=12,01
P,, T
(oup=3T
'T
(oup=3254,33+459,67
0.735=12,16
P,, T%
(oup=3Tc
'T
(oup=3245,16+459,67
0.735=12,11
CALCULO DEL PESO MOLECULAR
&)=204.38 (Tm0,118 )'T1,88
e(0,00218Tm3,075'T)
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&)=204.38 (235,990,118 )0.7351,88 e (0,00218235,993,0750.735)=117,90lb / lbmol
CALCULO DEL API
P*=141,5
' eT131,5
P*=141,5
0,735131,5
P*=61,02
CALCULO DE CONDICIONES PSEUDOCRICTICAS
TEMPERATURA PSEUDOCRITICA
C&' +, *$)/$,*, #$ $;++(%(' /&)$#(& )&+, TM 228,33 F $+ FAPI 61,02
#$ +, -,"&+(', +, =(-, 23G27 "$ +$$ +, *$)/$,*, P"$#&%(*(%,.
$ Tc=582 F
PRESIN PSEUDOCRITICA:
C&' +, *$)/$,*, #$ $;++(%(' /&)$#(& )$#(& Tm=235,99 F $+ FAPI 61.02
#$ +, -,"&+(', +, =(-, 23G29 "$ ,++, +, /$"(' P"$#&%(*(%,?
$Pc=422psia
CALCULO DE CONDICIONES PSEUDOREDUCIDAS
T$)/$,*, /"$#&$#%(#,
sTr=Tlab
sTc
P$"(' /"$#&$#%(#,
sPr=Plab
sPc
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sTr=(84,2+459,67 )R582+459,67R
sTr=0.520
sPr=
722mm+g( 14,696Psia760mm+g)422psia
sPr=0.033
CALCULO DE CALORES
Calor e*pec+,ico
Cp=0.388+0.0045T
'T
Cp=0.388+0.0045(254,33)
0.735
Cp=1,787 !T
lbmF
Calor latente de vapori-acin
-v=110.90.09T&
'T
-v=110.90.09(228,33)
0.735
-v=122,92!tu/ lbm
CALCULO CONDUCTIVIDAD T=RMICA
(=0.813
'T[13105 (T m32) ]
(=0.8130.735 [13105 (228,33 F32)]
(=1.099 !tu/.r lbm F
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CALCULO DE ENTALPIAS
M$#(,'*$ $+ API T$)/$,*, #$ +,;&,*&(& +, -
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C&)& , %&'&%$)&" +, ),", #$+ %#& 0154 +; "$ $'%&'* +, ),", #$+ $"(#&)+*(/+(%,'#& /& +, =,%%('.
m'$6L*N=0.1130.551=0.0622lb
CALOR RE0UERDO:
3'asolina=m (+V/ /+L
/ )
3'asolina=0.0622lbm(248,4540,81)!tu
lbm
3'asolina=12,91 !tu
CALOR DE COMBUSTIN
CC=223203870 ('T2)
CC=223203870(0,735)2
CC=20229.33 !tu/ lbm
MUESTRA DE CLCULO PARA EL KEROSENE
P,, %,+%+, +," /&/($#,#$" $$(#," /,, $+ $&"$'$ "$ #$;$ *&), %&)&100H +, =,%%(' &+)*(%, #$ $"*, =,%%(&',+, $' 10 /,*$" (-,+$" *,+ %&)&"$ )$"*, , %&'*(',%('?
Fn=( %VT 0erosene10 n)+61,69
F1=( 38,3110 1)+61,69=65,52
A /,*( #$ $"*&" ,+&$" #$ =,%%(' &+)*(%, +, $%,%(' &;*$'(#, #$ +, %,ASTM D86 %,+%+,)&" +, *$)/$,*, #$ $;++(%(' &+)*(%, ,"?
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000582 26811 16018
D'#$?
T ebullicion
%Vol#corregido
G P,, +, /()$, =,%%(' "$ &;*($'$? 00058102 2681110 16018
37383
!,%%(' H HVOLUMEN )+ T EBULLICIONF!
1 10 ,2 30,73 30 73,1 37,%5 0 0,% %1%,%7 70 ,1 %%2,919 90 9,17 %71,
,++,)&" +, *$)/$,*, &+)*(%, #$ +, "(-($'*$ ),'$,?
Tv=T
10+T
30+T
50+T
70+T
90
5
Tv=360,75+387,45+414,84+442,91+471,66
5
Tv=415,52 F
A&, ,++,)&" +, /$'#($'*$?
$= T90T10(9010 )Volumetrico
$=471,66360,75
80
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$=1,386
CALCULO DE LA TEMPERATURA PROMEDIO EN PESO T
T=Fc1+Tv
T=2,49+415,52 F
T=418,01 F
CALCULO DE LA TEMPERATURA PROMEDIO CUBICA Tc
Tc=Fc 2+Tv
Tc=2,67+415,52 F
Tc=412,85 F
CALCULO DE LA TEMPERATURA PROMEDIO MEDIO Tm
Tm=Fc3+Tv
Tm=7,73+415,52 F
Tm=407,79 F
CALCULO DE LA TEMPERATURA PROMEDIO MOLAR T&
T&=Fc 4+Tv
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T&=12,89+415,52
F
T&=402,63 F
CALCULO DEL FACTOR DE CARACTERI$ACION KOUP
L, -,$#,# $"/$%=(%, #$ +, =,%%(' "$ ,")( %&)& 0.795 "($'#& $"*$ $+ /&)$#(& #$+,'-& #$ +," -,$#,#$" *,;+,#," /,, $+ $&"$'$.
P,, T)
(oup=3Tm'T
(oup=3407,79+459,67
0.795=12,00
P,, TM
(oup=3T&
'T
(oup=3402,53+459,67
0.795=11,97
P,, T
(oup=3T'T
(oup=3418,01+459,67
0.795=12,04
P,, T%
(oup=3Tc
'T
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(oup=3412,85+459,67
0.795=12,02
CALCULO DEL PESO MOLECULAR
&)=204.38 (Tm0,118 )'T1,88
e(0,00218Tm3,075'T)
&)=204.38 ((407,79+459,67 )0,118)0.7951,88e (0,00218(407,79+459,67)3,0750.795)
&)=169,60lb / lbmol
CALCULO DEL API
P*=141,5
' eT131,5
P*=141,5
0,795131,5
P*=46,49
CALCULO DE CONDICIONES PSEUDOCRICTICAS
TEMPERATURA PSEUDOCRITICA
C&' +, *$)/$,*, #$ $;++(%(' /&)$#(& )&+, TM 40263 F! $+ FAPI 46.49 #$+$&"$'$ +, =(-, 23G27 "$ +$$ +, *$)/$,*, P"$#&%(*(%,.
$ Tc=729 F
PRESIN PSEUDOCRITICA
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C&' +, *$)/$,*, #$ $;++(%(' /&)$#(& )$#(& Tm=407,79 F +, FAPI 46.49
#$+ $&"$'$ +, =(-, 23G29 +, /$"(' P"$#&%(*(%,?
$Pc=313psia
CALCULO DE CONDICIONES PSEUDOREDUCIDAS
T$)/$,*, /"$#&$#%(#,
sTr=Tlab
sTc
sTr= (84,2
+459,67
)R729+459,67R
sTr=0.456
P$"(' /"$#&$#%(#,
sPr=Plab
sPc
sPr=722mm+g(
14,696Psia760mm+g)
313psia
sPr=0.0446
CALCULO DE CALOR ESPECFICO
Calor e*pec+,ico
Cp=0.388+0.00045T
'T
Cp=0.388+0.00045(418,01 F)
0,795
Cp=0,646 !T
lbmF
Calor latente de vapori-acin
-v=110.90.09T&
'T
-v=110.90.09(402,63 F)
0,795
-v=93,92!tu /lbm
CALCULO DEL CALOR ESPEC.%CO PARA LOS (ASES
Cp gases=0.171+0.127
'T+0.0005T
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Cp gases=0.171+0.127
0,795+0.0005 (418,01 F)
Cp gases=0.539!tu /lbm F
CO!DUCT)DAD T/RMCA
(=0.813
'T[13105 (T m32) ]
(=0.813
0,795[13105 (407,79 F32 )]
(=1,011!tu/.rlbmF
CALCULO DE ENTALPIAS
M$#(,'*$ $+ API T$)/$,*, #$ +,;&,*&(& &/ #$+ $&"$'$ +, -
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"#por 407,7 1)/12
.$%&& (((%(-
$%- ((&%0 -
Li*ui+o
5864 1)/12
.$%&& ($%&& ,, ($%&&
+L/=321=32,00
+v/=333,380=333,38
+v/ /=333,382,8=330,58
CALCULO DE LA MASA
P,, &;*$'$ +, -,$#,# $"/$%=(%, #$+ $&"$'$ "$ %,+%+ %&' +," =,%%(&'$"&+)*(%," #,*&" %,+%+,#&" $' +, =,%%(' $"(#& /,, %,#, =,%%(' "$ #$"/$>& +,#$+ $"(#& #$ +, "(-($'*$ $%,%('?
4 0er=50er0ercrudo
4 0er=0.38310.795
0.823=0,370
D$;(#& , $ %&'&%$)&" +, ),", *&*,+ 0.154 lbm /$)&" &;*$'$ +, ),", #$+
$&"$'& )+*(/+(%
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30erosene=m(+V/ /+L
/ )
30erosene=0.042lbm(330,5832,00)!tu
lbm
30eroseno=12,54 !tu
CALOR DE COMBUSTIN
CC=223203870 ('T2)
CC=223203870(0,795)2
CC=19874.063 !tu/ lbm
A&, ,)&" , %,+%+, $+ %,+& #$ %&);"*(' *&*,+ #$ +, "(-($'*$ ),'$,?
3T=m' 7 +'+m07 +0
3T=12,91!tu+12,54 !tu
3T=25,75!tu
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KEROSENE 4649 0795 06460 1011 1987406 9392
TABLA !CALORES REXUERIDOS PARA EL CRUDO !RACCIONES
CALOR VALOR TOTALCRUDO 2757 B* 2757 B*
GASOLINA 1291 B*2545 B*KEROSENE 1254 B*
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! RESPUESTA AL CUESTIONARIO
1! C&- '( -+ >*':(8/ 6' '()+ 6')'*./+:8/#
L&" $"+*,#&" &;*$'(#&" /& $+ )(")& &/$,#& $+ )(")& ,/,,*& '& #$;$' "$%&'"(#$,#&" %&)& "&"/$%&"&" , )$'&" $ $++&" #(=($,' /& )*+6 R'>')4-6+6 * R'>*6&:4-6+6 RP'*& $;++. ('(%(,+ 6 10
5H & 1.2 R& 210G80H R& R&
90H R& R& G 2.295H R& R& G 4.7
P'*& $;++. =(',+ 7 13
3! P*:'/)+' *':&>'*+6, >*:'/)+' *':4*+6 >*:'/)+' ))+- *':4*+6#
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P&%$'*,>$ $%/$,#&? %&$"/&'#$ ,+ &+)$' )+ #$ #$"*(+,#& $%&-(#& $' $+
$%(/($'*$ *(+(:,#& $' $"*$ %,"& /&;$*, -,#,#,.
P&%$'*,>$ $%&;,#&? $" $+ &+)$' #$ )$"*, $ "$ #$"*(+, /&"*$(&)$'*$
"$ %&'#$'",#,.
P&%$'*,>$ *&*,+ $%&;,#&? %&$"/&'#$ , +, "), #$+ /&%$'*,>$ $%/$,#& )')*8-',6';/+ -+( ;*+::/'( 6' -+ 6'()-+:8/ :+*+:)'*:' -+ .&'()*+ -+( ;*+::/'(.
L, %,,%*$(:,%(' #$ +, )$"*, +," =,%%(&'$" =$ $,+(:,#, $' +, )$"*, #$ %
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9! ANLISIS DE RESULTADOS
P& )$#(& #$+ )*& /,, +, #$"*(+,%(' #$ +&" /%*&" '&" /$)(*( &;"$, %,#,', #$ +," =,%%(&'$" $' $ "$ "$/,, +, )$:%+, #$+ %#& USCO +," %,+$"=$&' -,"&+(', $&"$'$ @'(%,)$'*$ $"/$%*& , $ '& "$ +&-,&' ,+%,':, +&",'-&" #$ *$)/$,*," $$(#&" /,, +," "(-($'*$" =,%%(&'$".
E+ &/ #$ +, )$:%+, %#& $" #$ 1104 /& +& %,+ /$#$ #$%("$ %&' %$*$:, $%&$"/&'#$ , ' %#& #$ ;,"$ )(*,.
E' +, $+,;&,%(' #$ +, /$*& , /#(#," #$ &+
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10! CONCLUSIONES L, #$"*(+,%(' #$+ /$*+$& $" $+ )$%,'(")& /$+()(', '& #$ +&" )$*& , /#(#," #$ &+
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BIBLIOGRAFA
!RANCO MUZO[ J+(&"37-,$#,#G,/(G#$'"(#,#-,$#,#G,/(G#$'"(#,#2."*)+]
PARRA PIN[N R(%,#&. C&)/&*,)($'*& #$ +, -,$#,# API $+ &+)$' #$+/$*+$& "" #$(,#&". E#(*&(,+ U'($"(#,# S%&+&);(,', N&($);$ #$+2008. P()$, $#(%('. N$(,G(+,. P