Español III

el 4 de diciembre 2014El Pretérito Capítulo 3A Y En busca de la verdad

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Madrid in the snow

¡Bienvenidos!META

La lección- En Busca de la verdad

1. Cultura, historia y Conocimiento de las ciudades de En busca de la verdad

2. Guanajuato México

3. San Miguel de Allende, México

4. San Antonio, Texas

5. El museo de Momias de Guanajuato

Se acaba

Complementos Directos

Complementos directos

Me te lo la (le =speaking to a male in Spain and South America)Nos os los las

Direct object pronounsPosition LawI see Mary. Yo la veo.

Using the direct object pronouns… in English

Direct object pronouns answer Whom? Who or What?

We see her. La vemos.

She sees me. Ella me ve.

She sees us. Ella nos ve.

They know us. Ellos nos conocen.

We know them. Nosotros los conocemos.

Gramática

Direct Object Pronouns: A

The object that directly receives the action of the verb is called the direct object.

Bill hit the ball."Ball" receives the action of the verb "hit."Sherry reads the book."Book" receives the action of the verb "reads."

The direct object can also be a person.Sherry hit Bill.(DO=Bill)

The direct object answers the question "what?" or "whom?" with regard to what the subject of the sentence is doing.Bill hit the ball.Bill hit what?Bill hit the ball.Sherry hit Bill.Sherry hit whom?Sherry hit Bill.

Often, it is desirable to replace the name of the direct object with a pronoun.Example 1Paul bought the flowers. He took the flowers home and gave the flowers to his wife.Example 2Paul bought the flowers. He took them home and gave them to his wife.

When the pronoun replaces the name of the direct object, use the following pronouns:me (me)te (you-familiar)lo, la (him, her, it, you-formal)nos (us)os (you-all-familiar)los, las (them, you-all-formal)

In an affirmative statement with one verb, the direct object pronoun comes immediately before the conjugated verb.Tengo = I haveTengo la pluma. = I have the pen.La tengo. = I have it.The pronoun (la) comes immediately before the verb (tengo).

Notice that if the subject of the sentence changes, this does not affect the direct object pronoun.Juan la tiene.Juan tiene = John hasJuan tiene la pluma. = John has the pen.Juan la tiene. = John has it.andMaría la tiene.María tiene = Mary hasMaría tiene la pluma. = Mary has the pen.María la tiene. = Mary has it.

However, if the direct object of the sentence changes to a masculine noun, the masculine pronoun must be used.Juan lo tiene.Juan tiene = John hasJuan tiene el libro. = John has the book.Juan lo tiene. = John has it.butJuan la tiene.Juan tiene = John hasJuan tiene la pluma. = John has the pen.Juan la tiene. = John has it.

Likewise, if the direct object of the sentence changes from singular to plural, the plural pronoun must be used.Juan lo tiene.Juan tiene = John hasJuan tiene el libro. = John has the book.Juan lo tiene. = John has it.butMaría los tiene.María tiene = Mary hasMaría tiene los libros. = Mary has the books.María los tiene. = Mary has them.

Look at how Spanish and English are different."Lo tengo" and "La tengo" BOTH mean "I have it."

Differences:

1. "It" has two forms in Spanish: lo, la2. "Tengo" one word in Spanish = two words in English (I have)3. The word order is different. In Spanish, the pronoun (lo, la) comes

before the verb; in English, the pronoun (it) comes after the verb.

When you try to translate literally from English to Spanish, sometimes it works very well:John eats the soup.John = JuanJohn eats = Juan comeJohn eats the = Juan come laJohn eats the soup = Juan come la sopa.

Other times, direct translation doesn't work so well:

I eat the soup.I = YoI eat = Yo comoI eat the = Yo como laI eat the soup = Yo como la sopa.Because "como" means "I eat," the word "yo" is redundant. A better translation might be:I eat the soup.Como la sopa.

Sometimes, when you try to translate literally, you run into much bigger problems:I eat it. (the soup - la sopa)I = YoI eat = Yo comoI eat it. = Yo como la.This is completely incorrect!The correct translation would be:I eat it. (the soup)La como.

As you can see, directly translating sentences with direct object pronouns doesn't work, so ... don't do it! There is a better, easier way.

Learn to translate groups of words, rather than individual words. The first step is to learn to view two Spanish words as a single phrase.Actividad- para practicar

Try to think of each line as a single phrase, not two separate words:

la como

lo como

la leo Yo leo la revista.

lo leo Yo leo el libro.

la veo Yo veo la película.

lo veo Veo el mono.

la tengo Tengo la manzana.

lo tengo Tengo el cepillo.

la compro Compro la blusa.

lo compro Compro el perro.

Read each line again. Before you do, glance at the translation beneath it. Then, read each line thinking of it as a phrase that has the same meaning as the English phrase below it.la como

I eat it (feminine DO - la sopa, la comida, etc.)

lo como

I eat it (masculine DO - el pollo, el arroz, etc.)

la leo

I read it

lo leo

I read it

la veo

I see it

lo veo

I see it

la tengo

I have it

lo tengo

I have it

la compro

I buy it

lo compro

I buy it

In the previous examples, it is clear that the subject of the sentence is "I" because the verbs are all conjugated in the "yo" form. With other verb forms, it is often desirable to add a word to clarify the subject.Juan la come. (la comida)

Juan eats it.

María lo tiene. (el libro)

María has it.

El chico la compra. (la pluma)

The boy buys it.

La chica lo ve. (el edificio)

The girl sees it.

Ustedes lo leen. (el periódico)

All of You read it.

Now, some examples of plural direct objects.Juan come dos sándwiches.Los come. or Juan los come.María tiene tres libros.Los tiene. or María los tiene.El chico compra dos revistas.Las compra. or El chico las compra.

La chica ve dos coches.Los ve. or La chica los ve.

Ella compra dos televisores.Los compra. or Ella los compra.

Tenemos dos mesas.Las tenemos. or Nosotros las tenemos.

Now, some examples where the direct object is a person.

I know you.Te conozco.

She loves him.Ella lo ama. Ella lo quiere.

She loves me.Ella me ama.

Juan sees her.Juan la ve.

They call us.Ellos nos llama

We call them.Los llamamos.

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Capítulo 3A Gramática

El PretéritoThe Preterite tense is used to indicate a completed action in the past. something that was completed-finished in the past

Verbos regulares

-AR

-é-aste-ó-amos-asteis-aron

Verbos -er e -ir regulares

-í-iste-ió-imos-isteis-ieron

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Verbos irregulares

IRREGULAR CASES IN PRETÉRITO

Case I irregular below

DAR

DiDisteDio dimos disteisdieron

VER

ViVisteVioVimosVisteisVieron

Case II irregular

Caer

CaíCaísteCayóCaímosCaísteisCayeron.

OIR

OíOísteOyóOímosOísteisOyeron

CREER

CreíCreísteCreyóCreímosCreísteisCreyeron

LEER

LeíLeísteLeyóLeímosLeísteisleyeron

Case II also has-

All –uir verbs

ConstruirInfluir.....

Construir

ConstruíConstruísteConstruyóConstruímosConstruísteisConstruyeron

Case III SER AND IR

FuiFuisteFueFuimos

FuisteisFueron

Ser

FuíFuisteFuéFuimosFuisteisFueron

JOTA group

Case IV

Jota group

All –cir verbs take the “J”

Decir

DijeDijstedijodijimosdijisteisdijeron

TRAER goes with the case IV verbs

TrajeTrajisteTrajoTrajimosTrajisteisTrajeron

Case V “V” group

ESTAR TENER ANDAR

Estar

ESTUVEESTUVISTEESTUVOESTUVIMOSESTUVISTEISESTUVIERONANDAR

ANDUVEANDUVISTEANDUVOANDUVIMOSANDUVISTEIS

ANDUVIERON

TENER

TUVE

TUVISTE

TUVO

TUVIMOS

TUVISTEIS

TUVIERON

Case VI Los independientes

Poner

PusePusistePusoPusimosPusisteisPusieron

Poder

Pude

Pudiste

Pudo Pudimos

Pudisteis Pudieron

VenirVineVinisteVinoVinimosVinisteisVinieron

HacerHiceHicisteHizoHicimosHicisteis

hicieronSaber: to know a fact

Not used in conversationIn spoken Spanish it is used to mean “to have found out....!”

Supe SupisteSupoSupimos Supisteissupieron

knowing is a process

Saber- In order to say that you “knew....something” you must use th eimperfect tense form of the verb

SabíaSabíasSabíaSabíamosSabíaissabían

Yo no sabía la respuesta.

Querer - to want

You can not use the preperite form of the verb QUERER since ¨wanting¨ implies an on going sense of desire......

In conversational Spanish you must use the Imperfect form of the conjugation to indicate “wanting...or wanted”

Preterite form of the verb QUERER

QuiseQuisisteQuisoQuisimosQuisisteisQusieron

In spoken Spanish this means to have refused when the word NO comes before each conjugate.Yo no quise ir. I refused to go.

No qusimos ir de compras.We refused to go shopping.

No quiseNo quisisteNo quisoNi quisimosNo quisisteisNo quisieron

To expres “I wanted, you wanted, he/she wanted....”

you must use the imperfect form of the verb querer.

QueríaQueríasQueríaQueríamosQueríaisQuerían

Yo quería estudiar en la biblioteca.

I wanted to study in the library.

____________________

Case VII

Stem changing verbs

Dormir

Dormí

Dormiste

Durmió

Dormimos

Dormisteis

Durmieron

PEDIR

Pedí

Pediste

Pidió

Pedimos

Pedisteis

pidieron

Other e to i stem-changing verbs.....

Servir reir pedir dormir sonrei.........

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Case VIII

-Car qué

-Gar GUÉ

-Zar CÉ in the yo form

Tocar

Toqué

Tocaste

Tocó

Tocamos

Tocasteis

tocaron

-GAR verbs

LLEGAR

Llegué

Llegaste

Llegó

Llegamos

Llegasteis

llegaron

-ZAR verbs

Empezar

Empecé

Empezaste

empezó

Empezamos

Empezasteis

empezaron

fin

Estudien Uds. El pretérito

tarea

Realidades 2

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TAREA

Examen Capítulo 3A

El 10 de diciembre 2014 Capítulo 3A

El 11 de diciembre 2014 En Busca de la verdad