contribucion acero bajas emisiones carbono

8/2/2019 Contribucion Acero Bajas Emisiones Carbono

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Inuin

Steel is essential to the modern world and the use

o steel is critical in enabling man to move towardsa more sustainable uture. Steel is undamental in

a greener world, whether in lighter more efcient

vehicles, renewable energy generation, new

highly efcient power stations and construction

o smart electrical grids or transport inrastructure

development and high energy efcient residential

housing and commercial buildings.

Over 1.3 billion tons o steel are manuactured and

used every year. Currently close to 50% o steel

is produced and used in mainland China. There

will be continuing strong growth in the volume o

steel produced, particularly in developing areas

such as Latin America, Asia, Arica and the Indian

sub-continent where steel will be vital in raising the

material and social welare o developing societies.

In these regions more than 60% o steel consumption

will be used to create new inrastructure.

This continued growth prevents the demand or

steel being met by means o recycling o end-o-liesteel products alone, hence, making it necessary to

continue converting virgin iron ore into steel.

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

World apparent steel use

(Mtfnishedsteelproducts)

Source: worldsteel

Continuing to ulfl a positive role in our sustainable

uture comes with some major challenges:

Energyefciency

In the last 30 years the steel industry has

reduced its energy consumption per tonne o

steel produced by 50%. However, due to this

dramatic improvement in energy efciency, it is

estimated there is now only room or marginal

urther improvement on the basis o existingtechnology. In the longer term it will be necessary

to identiy and introduce breakthrough steelmaking

technologies that are viable.

The greenhouse gas o most relevance to the

world steel industry is carbon dioxide (CO2).

On average, 1.9 tonnes o CO2

are emitted or

every tonne o steel produced. According to the

International Energy Agency, the iron and steel

industry accounts or approximately 4-5% o

total world CO2

emissions.


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Recycling

A critical element in reducing the carbon emissions

rom the steel lie cycle is to optimise the use

o recycled materials. Steel is an almost unique

material in its capacity to be infnitely recycledwithout loss o properties or perormance. This

in combination with a long history o signifcant

eorts to increase recycling rates has resulted in

steel leading the recycling statistics, or example

in cars and cans. Policies can provide urther

support or recycling by putting emphasis on

recyclability and design or dismantling.

Useoby-products

The production o steel results in the generation

o by-products that can reduce CO2

emissions by

substituting natural resources in other industries.

For example, blast urnace slag is used by the

cement industry allowing it to reduce its CO2

emissions signifcantly. Steel making slags are

used as civil works aggregates thereby saving

natural resources and environmental impact.

Industrial by-products and mined raw materials

need to be subject to the same legal ramework.

Useofnishedsteel

In many applications, steel has a very long lie

and as a result the contribution o modern steels

in improving the energy efciency o buildings,plants, machinery and transportation are much

more important in helping man reduce its carbon

ootprint than the emissions associated with the

initial steel production. For example electrical

steels produce much more efcient transormers

and motors thereby signifcantly reducing the

total energy needed throughout their lives. This

saving amounts to more than the CO2

emissions

created rom the original production phase. The

key contribution rom the steel industry is to work

closely with its customers in optimising the design

and use o steel in steel-using products.

A susainab if y appah

In order to continue these eorts and to identiy all

the opportunities to reduce the carbon emissions

rom steels lie cycle, it is essential to take a ull lie

cycle approach. This approach not only considers

the emissions associated with the manuacture osteel products, but also the reduction in energy

consumption associated with the use o new

generation-steels in lighter and stronger products.

Further, the inherent recyclability o steel must be

given prominent consideration in the search or

sustainable materials or the uture.

This diagram shows how, over the complete lie cycle

o steel, the opportunities or improvement can be

identifed.

The use o a lie cycle approach is important not just

to identiy the areas or potential improvement at each

stage, but also to understand the potential impacts

so that the correct policies are pursued.

Indexed energy consumption/t crude steel

produced in North America, Japan and Europe

(1975 = 100%)

Source: worldsteel


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For example, implementing vehicle regulations which

consider only the driving phase o a vehicles lie may

result in an increase in greenhouse gas emissions.

While substituting lower density materials or steelmay result in some small emissions savings during

driving, the much greater greenhouse gas emissions

during production o these materials compared to

steel ar outweigh any driving phase savings. Vehicle

regulations should consider emissions during the

vehicles lie cycle to ensure the lowest emitting

vehicles are designed and manuactured.

Ss nibuin

The member companies o worldsteel are the major

steel producers in all the major steel producing

countries o the world. We have agreed a ramework

or our common endeavour to reduce the carbon

ootprint associated with the manuacture and useo steel.

The ramework consists o our building blocks.

These are:

1. The development and application o new steels

to improve the energy efciency o steel-using

products in society.

2. The need or major expenditure on research and

development to identiy breakthrough steelmaking

technologies with potential to reduce steels CO2

emissions associated with steel production very

signifcantly.

3. The importance o enabling all steel plants to

move up to the level o perormance o the best,

in terms o current available technology through

benchmarking and technology transer.

4. The establishment o a common measurement

and reporting system or steel plant CO2

emissions

that can be used by all steel companies around

the world or benchmarking and to identiy the

scope and priorities or their own improvement

programmes.

ss nibuin

worldsteel has an important role in helping its

members use each o these our building blocks

and has a number o dedicated initiatives.

CO2breakthroughprogramme

worldsteel provides a orum where the various

national and regional research and development

programmes on identiying breakthrough

technologies or steel manuacture can exchange

inormation on their projects. These include theULCOS programme unded by the European

Commission and the European steel industry;

the COURSE 50 research programmes in Japan;

the US steel industry and US Department o

Energy programmes; the POSCO programme

in Korea and many others.

Raw material extraction

Steel production

Manufacturing

Use phaseEnd of life/Recycling

Pre-consumer

scrap

Post-consumer

scrap

Steel life cycle

Source: worldsteel

Steel production

Raw material extraction

End of life/RecyclingUse phase

Manufacturing

Pre-consumerscrap

Post-consumerscrap


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worldSteel clImAte cAe oSItIo Aer

Marketdevelopmentprogrammes

worldsteel has a number o market development

programmes which ocus on improving energy

efciency o important steel-using sectors.The WorldAutoSteel partnership has a major

programme on designing optimal steel-use in

uture vehicles including electric and hybrid.

The Living Steel programme is aimed at designing

steel residential housing with a high degree o

energy efciency in utilisation.

LCIdatabase

Over the last 15 years worldsteel has established,

and made available, the largest and most

authoritative database o lie cycle inventory

data or the production o a wide range o steel

products based on actual data received rom

its members worldwide. This LCI database is

increasingly being used by steel customers,

governments and others in taking a lie cycle

approach.

ClimateActionrecognitionprogramme

worldsteel encourages all its members, and

indeed non-member companies, to participatein its climate action programme which is the

collection and reporting, on a confdential basis,

o CO2

emissions plant-by-plant. The reporting

ramework uses a common agreed methodology

and we are now working to have this methodology

recognised as an ISO Standard. It is important that

every steel plant in the world actively measures

where it is today in terms o CO2

emissions, i it is

to establish the correct priorities or improvement

and to monitor progress in reducing its emissions.

vnns king in panship ihh s inusy

Partnership between governments and the steelindustry is key to the reduction o carbon emissions.

First, governments at national and regional levels

need to work actively with the industry and our

customers in maximising the collection and recycling

o end-o-lie steel products.

Second, governments need to use a lie cycle

approach i they create regulations and standards

or energy efciencies in domestic appliances,passenger cars, building codes etc.

Third, the steel industry cannot, on its own, be

expected to und the long term research and

development o new technologies to radically

reduce steels emissions. This has to be done in a

partnership with signifcant fnancial contribution

rom governments.

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is a global

problem that requires a global solution. The steel

industry believes it is very important that all steel

companies and all major steelmaking countries

are actively engaged in the search or a uture

low carbon society.

An active and ongoing dialogue is required between

governments and industry. Steel is one o the most

CO2

intensive, highly competitive industries, with

over 40% o steel traded internationally. Policies

must create a level playing feld to ensure that steelcompanies in one region are not put at a competitive

disadvantage.


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Acciaieria Arvedi

Aceras Nacionales del EcuadorAcroni

Altos Hornos de Mxico (AHMSA)

ArcelorMittal

BlueScope Steel

CELSA

EMTA

China Steel Corporation

Compaa Siderrgica Huachipato

Corporacin Aceros Arequipa

DEACERO

Diaco

Electrotherm (India)

Empresa Siderrgica del Per

Essar Steel

Georgsmarienhtte Holding

Gerdau Aza

Gerdau LAISA

Httenwerke Krupp Mannesmann

ISDEMIR

JFE Steel Corporation

Jindal Steel & Power

Kobe Steel

Kroman elik San

Metalloinvest

MetinvestNippon Steel Corporation

Nisshin Steel

Nucor Corporation

OneSteel

Ovako

POSCO

Qatar Steel Company

Ruukki

Saarstahl

Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (HADEED)

Salzgitter

Siderrgica del Orinoco Alredo Maneiro

Siderrgica Tutitln

SIDETUR

SSAB

Sumitomo Metal Industries

Tata Steel

Tenaris

Ternium

ThyssenKrupp

Trinecke Zelezarny

United States Steel Corporation

voestalpine

The ollowing companies are accredited members o the Climate Action programme:

worldsteel.org

contribucion acero bajas emisiones carbono

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