chemistry curriculum presentation
TRANSCRIPT
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Chemistry Curriculum Study
International Chemistry Education
Faculty Mathematics and Natural Science
State University of Surabaya
2012
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Standard Competence Basic Competences
Understanding the
periodic system
Writing the simple electron
configuration
Explaining periodic system
arrangement based on electron
configuration
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After learning this chapter, you are expected to be able to :
1. Explain the development of periodic table2. Explain basic particle of elements (proton, neutron, electron)3. Explain the basic of element grouping in the periodic table4. Determine the electron configuration and valence electron
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Periodic System
The development of
Periodic System
Element Grouping
Electron Configuratio
Basic Particle of Elements
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History of Periodic
Table Development
Johann Wolfgang
Dobereiner
(Triads)
John A. R. Newlands
(Law of Octaves)
Dmitry Mendeleyev andJulius Lothar Meyer
(Periodic Law)
Short-Form Periodic
Table
Henry G.J Moseley
(Modern Periodic
Table)
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The examples of triads are:
Chlorine, bromine and iodine.
Calcium, strontium, and barium.
Iron, cobalt, and manganese
Mass of Strontium =(Mass of Calcium + Mass of Barium) : 2
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John A. R. Newlands (Law of Octaves)
He listed the elements in the order based on the increase
of atomic weights and he noted that a given properties of
the elements in the list, recurs at every eighth element
called law of octaves.
1H 2Li 3Be 4B 5C 6N 7O
8F 9Na 10Mg 11Al 12Si 13P 14S
15Cl 16K 17Ca 18Ti 19Cr 20Mn 21Fe
22
Co&Ni 23
Cu24
Zn25
Y26
In27
As28
Se
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Mendeleyevs Periodic Table
They proposed a chemical law that the properties of all the
elements are periodic functions of their atomic mass called
periodic law.
Mendeleyev and Meyer grouped about 66 elements based on the
increase of their atomic mass.
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Short-Form Periodic Table
In 1930 the scientists developed the new periodic
table which is the development of Mendeleyevs
periodic table called short-form periodic table.
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Long-Form Periodic Table (ModernPeriodic Table)
Henry G. J. Moseley found that the propeties of elements are
periodic function of their atomic number.
In modern periodic table:
Period is the placement row of the elements is in the horizontal
lines.
Group is the placement of the elements is in the vertical
columns.
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Modern Periodic Table
http://www-tech.mit.edu/cgi-bin/imagemap/Projects/Chemicool/pertable.map -
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XA
ZAtoms
name
Atomic
number
Atomic
mass
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ZNumber of
protons = numberof electrons
A
Number of proton+ number of
neutrons
A-Z
Number ofneutrons
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Sample Problem !
Determine the number of protons, electrons,
and neutrons for :
O168 F199
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For Oxygen,
A = 16
Z = 8
A-Z = 8
Thus, number of :
Protons = 8Electrons = 8
Neutrons = 8
For Fluor,
A = 19
Z = 9
A-Z = 10
Thus, number of :
Protons = 9Electrons = 9
Neutrons = 10
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A. PeriodIn modern periodic table, elements are grouped into 7 periods that consist of :
Period 1, consist of 2 elements
Shortest Period
Period 2 and 3, each consist of 8 elements
Short Period
Period 4 and 5, each consist of 18 elements
Long Period
Period 6, consist of 32 elements
Longest Period
Period 7
Uncomplete Period
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B. GROUPElements which take placed in one group are the elements having the similar propertied
of one another. The group of element in periodical table is distinguish into principal group
(A) and transition group (B)
Group
Principal
Transition
Alkali Metals (IA)
Alkaline Earth
Metals (IIA)
Halogen (VIIA)
Noble Gases
(VIIIA)
I B VIII B (Principal
transition metals)
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Atom is consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
The nucleus of atom consist of protons and neutrons, while the electrons
revolving the nucleus on a certain path.
The path of the electrons in atom is often called shell of atom.
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HELIUM ATOM
+N
N+
--
proton
electron neutron
Shell
What do these particles consist of?
He42
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The maximum number of electrons on each atom shell
Shell n Maximum
electrons (2n2)
K 1 2
L 2 8
M 3 18
N 4 32
O 5 50
.... .... ....
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Electron
Configuration
Electron configuration is a method to depict
the electron spreading in a atom.
Electron spreading on the shells of atom
done by filling of each shell from K, L, M,N,O and so forth.
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The shell of atoms
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Example: Electron configuration for principal group in onegroup (group VII A)
ElementAtomicNumber
Electron Configuration
K L M N O
F 9 2 7 - - -
Cl 17 2 8 7 - -
Br 35 2 8 8 7 -
I 53 2 8 18 18 7
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The number of valence electrons in an atom is
determine properties of the atom, especially for its
chemical properties.
The number of valence electrons of a given elementatom represent the number element group, especially
for the principal group elements.
The number of an element atom shell express the
element period number.
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Electrons of the first elements atom will occupy one shell only, that is K
shell (n =1). For example :
Helium which having atomic number of 2, then two electron of helium will
occupy K shell only.
2He = 2Means that He is in first period
and IIA group.
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In the second period elements, their electrons will occupy 2 shells, those are
K (n = 1) and L (n = 2). For example: Fluorin having the atomic number of 9.
9F = 2, 7Means that F is in second
period and VIIA group.
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In the third period elements, their electrons will occupy 3 shells, those are K
(n = 1), L (n = 2), and M(n =3). For example:
Sulfur having the atomic number of 16.
16S = 2, 8, 6
Means that S is in thirdperiod and VIA group.
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In the fourth period elements, their electrons will occupy 4 shells, those are
K (n = 1), L (n = 2), M(n = 3) and N(n = 4). For example:
As having the atomic number of 33.
33As = 2, 8, 18, 5Means that As is in fourth period and
IVA group.
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Sample Problem
Determine the electron configuration, period,
and group of :
a.17
Cl
b. 20 Ca
c. 35 Br
YOU HAVE 1 MINUTES TO DO THIS PROBLEM
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