book layour final - मेरो लिम्बुवान · 2010. 3. 14. ·...

$: Book layour Final - मेरो लिम्बुवान · 2010. 3. 14. · ‘;'lDgdf–kf¿xf' ]ª’ M 13 xfdL ToxfF pkl:yt x 'g]5f }+ egL ;DemfP/ hfG5g \ . To; }sf ] ; ]/f$
‘;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ª’‘;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ª’‘;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ª’‘;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ª’‘;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ª’ M 1

k|jL0f k'df

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-gf6s ;ª\u|x_-gf6s ;ª\u|x_-gf6s ;ª\u|x_-gf6s ;ª\u|x_-gf6s ;ª\u|x_

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;'lDgdf–kf?xf]ª;'lDgdf–kf?xf]ª;'lDgdf–kf?xf]ª;'lDgdf–kf?xf]ª;'lDgdf–kf?xf]ªSUMNIMA-PARUHONGSUMNIMA-PARUHONGSUMNIMA-PARUHONGSUMNIMA-PARUHONGSUMNIMA-PARUHONG

-gf6s ;ª\u|x_-gf6s ;ª\u|x_-gf6s ;ª\u|x_-gf6s ;ª\u|x_-gf6s ;ª\u|x_Collection of PlaysCollection of PlaysCollection of PlaysCollection of PlaysCollection of Plays

Authther : P.R.RAI(PRAVEEN PUMA)Publisher : Trivuwan University,

Kirtipur, KathmanduPublishing Date : Yele Dong 5068 (AD.2008)Quantity : 1000 PeciesEdition : FirstCover Photo : Praveen PumaCover Design :Computer Desigh : Navin Tumbapo

9841435927Print : T.U. Kirtipur, KTMCopyright : Authther;

All rights reserved.No parts of this Publicationmay be reproduced,stored inretrieval system,or tramsmitledby any form or by any means,electronic,mechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,orotherwise,except at may beexpressly permitted by theapplicable copyright statutesor in writing by auther.


;dk{0f ;dk{0f ;dk{0f ;dk{0f ;dk{0f ÛÛÛÛÛ

d]/f] cfdf–cfkfx¿nfO{h;n] dnfO{ o; x]Gvfdfdf hGd lbg' eof] .

clgtL k"vf{x¿nfO{

h;n] clxn] ;Dd ls/ft d'Gb'dnfO{arfO{/xg' eof] .

k|jL0f k'df M 4

k|jL0f k'df M 6

k|jL0f k'df M 8

k|jL0f k'df M 10

k|jL0f k'df M 12

cfÇg} Oltxf; cfkm}+n] lgdf{0f ug]{ xf], s;}n] lgdf{0f ub}{g . t/ To:tf]b[9tf To:tf] JolQmn] u5{, hf];Fu ;+;f/nfO{ ljr/0f ug]{ af}l4stfsf] xltof/n]9'·fdf sKg] lxDdt ug]{ of]Uotf x'G5 . slt dflg;x¿ cfTdUnfgLn] lslrP/d5{g\ . t/ k|jL0f k'dfn] ;dodf g} cfÇgf] Oltxf;sf] lj/f;tnfO{ 9n]sf] 7fpFdfs]xL gf6ssf kfqx¿ pEofpFb} Jo'tfpF5g\ . ls/ft e"ldsf] lanfO;s]sf] uf}/jdoOltxf;nfO{ ‘;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ª’ gf6s ;ª\u|xåf/f jt{dfg cjl:yt ls/ft hfltsf]zL/ p7fPsf 5g\ . k|frLg ;dodf o; e"lddf uf]kfnj+zL kl5 ls/ftLx¿n]^@% lj= ;+= b]lv !)) ;Dd /fHo u/]sf] la;{g gx'g] syfnfO{ plwg]sf 5g\ . t/o; gf6sdf ss{Kofl6«sn] eg]sf !!!* jif{;Dd ls/ftLx¿n] /fHo u/]sf] ;doeGbf / ;ftf}+ ls/ftL /fhf lht]b:tLn] dxfef/t -!%))–!!)) la=;L=_ sf] o'4dfkf08j tkm{af6 efulng' hfg' eGbf k"j{sf] ls/ftL nf]s lsDabGtLnfO{ cfwf/agfPsf 5g\ . t;y{ dfgjzf:qLx¿sf] Wofg o; gf6sn] cjZo klg a]hf]8sf;fy tfGg]5 . Oltxf; vf]tn]/ cWoog ubf{ vDa'jfg / lnDa"jfgsf] jt{dfghNbf]aNbf] /fhgLlts cfjfhnfO{ glhsaf6 d"Nof°g ug{ ;lsg] ;DefjgfnfO{o'jf gf6ssf/ k|jL0f k'dfn] b]vfPsf 5g\ .

‘;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ª’ gf6s ;ª\u|xsf] klxnf] gf6ssf] zLif{s ls/ftL lktf–dftf ;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ªsf] gfdaf6 h'/fOPsf] 5 . ls/ftLx¿ k|To]s jif{ pBf}nL-d+;L/_ / pef}nL -a}zfv_df cfÇgf] k"vf{ -;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ª_ nfO{ ;fs]nf l;nL;lxt b'O{n'· cflbnfO{ k"Hg] ub{5g\ . h;nfO{ vf]nf–vf]nfsf] l/t–k/Dk/f cg';f/df5fs'jf, ;fDvfsf] d"n b]jtfsf] ¿kdf ljZjf; u/L k"Hg] ul/G5 . of] k/Dk/fsf]lasf; ls/ft d'Gb'd cg';f/ ha ls/ftL kf¿xf]ª / ;'lDgdf lggfDdf -cfsfz_af6 x]Gvfdf -k[YjL_ df em/]/ k|]d u/L gf6sLo 9·af6 k[YjLdf ;Gtfgx¿ h]7f–rfKrfxf]ª -af3_, dflxnf–jfGkfxf]ª -efn'_ / sfG5f–xf]ª5f -dfG5]_ hGdfO{ 3/hdu/L km]l/ tL ;Gtfgx¿nfO{ k[YjL nf]sdf 5f]8]/ :ju{ tkm{ nfU5g\ . Tof] b'vfGt38Ldf tL ;Gtfgx¿nfO{ ;Demgf :j¿k pef}nL–pwf}nLdf ;fs]nf gfr]/ ;Demg'

gf6s k9]kl5===

8f= lji0f'k|;fb /fO{


xfdL ToxfF pkl:yt x'g]5f}+ egL ;DemfP/ hfG5g\ . To;}sf] ;]/f]km]/f]df ls/ftLnf]s syfdf a'lgPsf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ gf6s xf] ‘;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ª’ . Tolx+ xf]ª5fsf];Gtfg g} cfhsf ls/ftLx¿ x'g\ . o;/L ls/ftL hfltsf] cd/ / uf}/jdoOltxf;sf] k[i7e"ldnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ gf6ssf] cGTo x'G5 . cBfjlw ¿kdfk"j{df a;f]af; ug]{ ls/ft vDa" /fO{x¿ ljleGg pkhfltx¿df /x]klg lkt[sf];Demgfdf ;fs]Gjf gfr gfRg] rng rlncfPsf] xf] . of] g} ls/ftLx¿sf]dxTjk"0f{ rf8 xf] . o; rf8nfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fli6«o rf8sf] ¿kdf dfGotflbPsf] 5 . o; cy{df of] gf6ssf] syf ;fGble{s 5 .

nf]s ;flxTo cyjf dfgjzf:qLo b[li6n] of] gf6s tfls{s, af}l4s 5 .g]kfnL ;+:s[lt k/Dk/fsf] b[li6n] hLjGt klg 5 . gj pbljsf;jfbL rfN;{8flj{gsf] ‘cf]l/hg ckm l:kl;h’–!(%( n] ;+:s[ltsf] ;Eotfsf] ljsf; wfld{sO{Zj/af6 ePsf] xf]Og eGg] ts{ cfpFbf pgnfO{ o"/f]kdf wfld{s u'?x¿n] cfqmd0fg} u/]sf lyP . o; cy{df ‘;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ª’ gf6sn] g]kfnL ;Eotfsf] ljsf;b]jtfsf] k|bTQ ;+/rgf xf] eGg] s'g} j}1flgs cfwf/ gxf]nf t/ nf]s ;+:s[ltsf]cfwf/ klg dfgjLo ;Eotfsf] Ps kIf ePsf]n] ls/ftLsf] Oltxf; vf]Hg] qmddfdfgjzf:qLx¿ klg gtd:ts gx'g] s'/} 5}g . of] gf6ssf] ljifoj:t' hl6n5 . t/ gf6ssf/ k|jL0f k'dfn] ;xh¿kdf gf6snfO{ pŒsif{df k'¥ofP/ dHhflnFbflnFb} ;dfKtLsf] kbf{ v;fN5g\ . of] g} o; gf6ssf] ;'Gb/ kIf xf] .

;'lDgdf ls/ftLx¿sf] cflbd cfdf x'g\ . ;'lDgfdf–kf¿xf]ªsf] sf]vaf6ls/ftL hfltsf] pTklQ ePsf] uf}/jdo nf]s syf /x]sf] 5 . log} kljq gfdx¿af6o; bf];|f] gf6ssf] lzif{s ‘;'lDgdf’ h'/fOPsf] 5 . csf{ dxTjk"0f{ gfosvfjfxf]ª kfq to ul/Psf] 5 eg] gf6ssf] gflosf ;'lDgdf cyf{t vfjfxf]ªsL>LdtL ePsL l5g\ . d"n syfsf] s]Gb| log} kfqx¿sf] k|]d syfaf6 gf6ssf]k|f/De x'G5 / cGTo klg .

gf6ssf] syf eg] cfw'lgs ;dfhdf ;a}n] ef]uL/x]sf cfly{s lj;dtf/ ul/jL g} x'g\ . t/ ljifonfO{ gf6ssf/ k|jL0f k'dfn] ls/ftL k/Dk/f /;+:s[ltsf] cfwf/e"ldnfO{ ;'Gb/, snfTds 9·af6 cufl8 a9fPsf 5g\ . gf6ssf]dxTjk"0f{ kIf kl/j]z / k|of]hgsf] cg's"n ;do leq g} ;dflw:y ul/Psf] 5 .;'lDgdfsf] nf; klxn] pgLx¿sf] e]6 ;fs]Gjfsf] yfgdf ePs} kljq :yfgdf;dflw:y ug]{ to x'G5 . ToxfF ;'lDgdfsf] hLjgnLnf b'vfGt¿kdf ;dfKtx'G5 . ls/ftLx¿sf] dxfg rf8 ;fs]Gjfdf k|]dsf] k|f/De eP/ a}aflxs ;DaGw:yflkt eP klg vfjfxf]ªsf] 3/sf] cfly{s cj:yf ;'wf/ ug{ la|l6; cfdL{df egf{x'g uPsf] t/ kmls{+bf sf]zL gbLdf 8'·f kN6]/ d/]sf] :ki6 ePkl5 ls/ftLk/Dk/f cg';f/ b]j/ bLjfxf]ª;Fu lktf ;fnfkfn] a'xf/L ;'lDgdfsf] ljjfx

k|jL0f k'df M 14

ul/lbG5g\ . gf6ssf] cGTodf s;}sf] ;xf/fdf vfjfxf]ª 3/df cfPsf]n] gf6snfO{/f]dflGrt agfpF5 . t/ klt eQm x'g g;s]sL cfTdUnfgLsf] sf/0f ;'lDgdfcfkm"nfO{ ToxLF v's'/Ln] cfTdfxTof ul5{g\ . gf6s r/df]Tsif{df k'u]/ 6'l·G5 .gf6s kl9;s]kl5 ls/ft k|b]zdf ls/ftL hfltx¿n] ef]u]sf oyfy{ j:t'ut ¿kdf;hLj eP/ cfFvf cufl8 cfPsf]n] PskN6 3f]lTng afWo agfpF5 . of] gf6ssf/sf];jn kIf xf] .

k|frLg ls/ftL kl/j]zdf n]lvPsf] o; gf6sn] dfgjLo ;dj]bgf,¿l9jfbL ;ª\s'lrt efjgfdf ;'wf/sf] kIfnfO{ cf}+NofPsf 5g\ . ljwjf efph'sL5f]/LnfO{ ;dfhdf afa' gePsf] 5f]/Lsf] r'8fGt syf 5 . t/ :ofd'gfnfO{dgf]j}1flgs b;faf6 arfpg' bLjfxf]ª cfkm}+ 5f]/Lsf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ ug{ lxDdtu5{ . csf]{ tkm{ ljwjf hjfgL dlxnfnfO{ pksf/ ug]{ k/Dk/fsf] ¿kdf efph'nfO{b]j/n] ljjfx ug]{ k/Dk/f ls/ftL ;dfhsf] ;Eo, pksf/o'Qm ;+:s[ltsf] ¿kdflng ;lsG5 . cGo hftsf ljwjf gf/Ln] em}+ hLjge/ PSn} afFRg' kg]{ afWotfkl/j]z of] gf6sdf 5}g . o; cy{df klg of] k/Dk/fsf] ;jn ljifonfO{ alnof]u/L dfgjLo ¿kdf gf6sn] pTvgg\ u/]sf] 5 . dfgjzf:qsf] b[li6df klg of]k/Dk/f hLjgnfO{ ;xhtfsf] ¿kdf ¿kfGtl/t ug]{ / kf/Ljfl/s ;DaGwnfO{dhj'b ug]{ /fd|f] k/Dk/f dfGg ;lsG5 . To;}n] of] gf6s g]kfnL gf6ssf]Oltxf;df hLjGt x'g]5 .

jf:tjdf ;Djfb gf6ssf] k|f0f xf] . o; gf6s leq ;Djfb ;zQm5 . ;a} kfqx¿ cgfjZos ¿kdf ;xefuL 5}gg\ . kl/j]z ;xh 5, ;xh¿kdf kbf{ aGb x'Fb} hfG5 . gf6sn] dxTjk"0f{ ljifoj:t'nfO{ p7fPsf] 5 . ;fgf]pd]/df g} gf6ssf/ k|jL0f k'dfn] ;zQm ¿kdf gf6s n]vg tyf lgb]{zg ug{;kmn 5g\ . o;/L af}l4s tyf tfls{s snd rnfpg ;Sg' / v8]/L k/]sf] gf6sIf]qdf of]ubfg k'¥ofP jfkt d wGojfb lbG5' .

a'4gu/–!), sf7df08f }a '4gu/–!), sf7df08f }a '4gu/–!), sf7df08f }a '4gu/–!), sf7df08f }a '4gu/–!), sf7df08f }kmf ]g g+= $&*!%#(kmf]g g+= $&*!%#(kmf]g g+= $&*!%#(kmf]g g+= $&*!%#(kmf]g g+= $&*!%#(

k|jL0f k'df M 16

!= k[i7 e"ldMd gf6\osnfsf] ljBfyL{ x'F . t;y{ gf6\osd{ ug'{ d]/f] wd{ xf] . ToxLF

wd{ cg';f/ d slxn] gf6s snfsf/, slxn] gf6s n]vs, slxn] gf6s lgb]zsx'Fbf–x'Fb} cGttM d gf6s lgdf{tf ;Dd ePF . To;/L gf6\osd{nfO{ d"n af6f]agfP/ lx8\bf–lx8\b} d]/f] lhGbuLsf] cflw kf6f]n] sf]N6f] km]l/ ;s]sf] kQ} kfO{g .To} klg gf6\snfsf] s'g cf]SQf]n] dnfO{ gf6\o snfdf cNemfO{ /fVof], d cfkm}nfO{yfxf 5}g . Tolx+ gf6\osd{sf] ofqfdf d}n] d]/f] hLjgdf w]/} kN6 ef]s–ef]s}a;]sf] 5' . d]/f] hLjgdf w]/} kN6 ¿Psf] 5' . d]/f] hLjgdf w]/} pQf/r8fjcfPsf] 5 . cem} d gf6\osd{df nfu]s} sf/0f ;d'bfoaf6 pkNnf] hfltsf] bhf{kfpFbf rflxF d]/f] gf6\osd{sf] dd{nfO{ ;dfhn] ga'em]sf]df lrQ b'v]sf] lyof],kL8fn] dg ¿Psf] lyof] . t/ ToxfF ;xfg'e"ltsf] s'g} klg cfjfh lyPg . s]jn–d]/f] gf6\osd{ k|ltsf] b[9 OR5f / d]/f] kf/Ljfl/s ;xof]u afx]s, c¿ . ToxLFb[9 OR5f;lxtsf] d]/f] kf/Ljfl/s ;xof]uaf6 g} cfhsf] lbg;Dd d]/f] gf6\osd{nfO{lg/Gt/tf lbO{/x]sf] 5' .Tolxqmddf dnfO{ ls/ft d'Gb'ddf gf6\osd{ ug]{ lta|OR5f hfUof] . t/ ls/ft d'Gb'ddf gf6\osd{ ug'{ kmnfdsf] lrp/f rkfpg'hlQs} sl7g lyof] . tyflk ljleGg ls/ft d'Gb'd 1ftfx¿;Fu;Fu} w]/} ;do;Ddd]/f] p7a; ePsf]n] ubf{ ls/ft d'Gb'dsf] ;xof]udf gf6s ;[hgf ug'{ vf;} dnfO{ufx|f] ePg . kmn:j¿k d}n] ls/ft d'Gb'ddf gf6s ;[hgf u/]+ .

!= -s_ ls/ft gf6\osnfdf d'Gb'dsf] cy{M‘d'gfÖdflg;’, ‘jf]Ösf]’ / ‘b'dÖjf]nL’ oL tLg j6f zAbx¿ ldn]/ d'Gb'd

zAb ag]sf] 5 .! d'Gb'dM ls/ftx¿sf] zf:qLo df}lvs bz{gzf:q xf] . o;d'Gb'ddf ls/ft b]jL–b]jtf, :ju{–gs{, cfTdf–k|]tfTdf, k[YjL–cfsfz, xfjf–kfgL–cfuf], pHofnf]–cFWof/f], k|s[lt–k"vf{, wd{–;+:s[lt, snf–;flxTo, cfVofg–ldyscflb h:tf d'Gb'dL zf:qLo df}lvs bz{gzf:qx¿sf] ;[li6 j0f{g ul/Psf] x'G5 .ls/ft d'Gb'ddf b}ljszlQm x'G5 . t;y{ of] d'Gb'd jfrg ug]{ k|d'v clwsf/

d]/f] askq


b}ljszlQm k|fKt ªfkf]ª÷gfS5f]÷gS;f]÷dfªkf÷bf]jf÷;fDaf÷km]bfªdf÷dfxfªjf÷xfª5fDjf÷gf];f]÷KjFPj -ls/ft k"hf/L_ nfO{ dfq x'G5 . of] d'Gb'd ls/ftx¿sf]kyk|bz{s xf]–d'Gb'd . t;y{ d'Gb'dsf] dfWodaf6 ls/ftx¿n] cfk\mgf] hLjgsf]efUo/]vf cfkm} sf]5{g\ . cyf{t d'Gb'dsf] ;xfotfaf6 ls/ftx¿n] cfk\mgf] hLjgsf]efjL of]hgf cfkm}+ to u5{g\ . To:t} ls/ftx¿sf] hLjg ;+:sf/–;+:s[lt, cf:yf–ljZjf;, d"No–dfGotf, efiff–wd{, lnkL–;flxTo cflbnfO{ d'Gb'dsf] dfWodaf6;dfhdf ljDj–k|ltljDj Pjd\ snfTds¿kdf k|:t't ul/G5 . o'uf}+–o'ub]lv eGb}dfGb} cfPsf] ls/ft ldysx¿, nf]s syfx¿, nf]s ufyfx¿, nf]s efsfx¿, nf]s;flxTox¿sf] pb\ud ljGb' g} ls/ft d'Gb'd xf] . t;y{ d'Gb'd ls/ftx¿sf]zf:qLo df}lvs bz{g t x'Fb} xf], of] d'Gb'd ls/ft ;flxlTos bz{gzf:q klg xf] .olx+ ;flxlTos bz{gzf:q dWo] gf6\osnf klg Ps xf] .

!= -v_ ls/ft d'Gb'ddf gf6\snfsf] pTklQMls/ft d'Gb'd cg';f/ ‘‘;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ªn] x]Gvfdf / lggfDdfsf] pTklQ

u/fO{ ;s]kl5 lggfDdfdf em}F x]Gvfdfdf klg dfgj af]AaL a;fpg] larf/n];'lDgdfnfO{ yfx} glbO{ kf¿xf]ªn] cfk\mgf] e]if abn]/ ls/ftLxf]ªsf] e]ifdf x]GvfdfdfcfP/ a;]sf] s'/f ;'lDgdfn] cWoflTdsWofg / cfTd1fgaf6 yfxf kfP kl5;'lDgdfn] klg cf̂gf] e]if abn]/ Ps cToGt} ;'Gb/L ls/ftLxf]ªdfsf] e]ifdf x]GvfdfdfcfP/ ls/ftLxf]ªsf] e]ifdf /x]sf] kf¿xf]ª;Fu ljjfx u/L 3/hd u/]/ a:g' yfn]kl5 gf6\o–clegosnfsf] pTklQ ePsf] xf] .’’

ls/ft d'Gb'd cg';f/ cleonfO{ b'O{ efudf afFl8Psf] 5 .-s_ cfWoflTds clegoM s'g} klg kfqn] p;sf] cfWolTds cGt/ 1fgsf]dfWodaf6 k|:t't ul/g] ljleGg kl/jlt{t s[ofsnfkx¿nfO{ cfWoflTds clegoelgG5 . h:t} bf]jfx¿n] cfWoflTds 1fgsf] dfWodaf6 of/L x]/]/ cb[Zo 7fpFsf]gofF s'/f kQf nufO{ ;f] cg';f/sf] sfd ug'{ jf Ps k|b]zdf a;]/ csf]{ k|b]zdf a;]]sf]dfG5]nfO{ cfWoflTds clegosf] ;xfotfn] pkrf/ ug'{ cflb .-v_ ef}lts clegoM s'g} klg kfqn] p;sf] cfWoflTds cGt/ 1fgsf] dfWodaf6k|fKt 1fgnfO{ ef}lts z/L/sf] ;xfotfaf6 k|:t't ul/g] ljleGg kl/jlt{ts[ofsnfkx¿nfO{ ef}lts clego elgG5 . o; ef}lQms clegodf s'g} klgdflg;n] cfWoflTds cfTdWofg / cfTd1fg k|fKt ul/;s]kl5 pQm dflg;sf]ef}lQms z/L/df b]vf kg]{ ljleGg kl/jlt{t s[ofsnfkx¿ kfOG5 . h:t}M cfWoflTdscfTd1fg k|fKt ul/;s]kl5 bf]jf÷ªfkf]ª÷km]bfªdf sfDg', plk|mg' jf cfTdWofg-d]l86]zg_ k|fKt ul/ gofF cg'e"lt Pjd\ cg'ej ub}{ lrRofpg', s/fpg', u'gu'gfpg',pk|mg', bf}l8g', zfGt x'g' cflb .

To;/L ;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ªsf] cfWoflTds hLjg k4lQ / pxfFx¿sf] ef}lts

k|jL0f k'df M 18

hLjgsf] ef]ufO{x¿sf] ljleGg sfn–v08x¿df ul/Psf] ljleGg s[ofsnfkx¿af6clegosnf, gf6\osnf, ufog snf, jfWojfbgsnf, ;·Ltsnf, o'4snf cflbljleGg k|bz{gLsnfx¿sf] lasf; ePsf] s'/f ls/ft d'Gb'd leqsf] ;'lDgdflznLdf k|i6} 5 . ToxLF sf/0f s'g} klg k|bz{gL snfx¿sf] k|:t'lt ug'{ cufl8clgjfo{¿kdf cfˆgf] cfbz{ k"vf{x¿ ‘;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ª’ nfO{ ;j{k|yd cGt/cfTdWofgaf6 ;]jf -k"hf_ u/L of]ªdf–tf]Sdf÷an–;fsf bf]Tdf -zlQm an_ dfuL;s]kl5 dfq cf̂gf] ljleGg k|bz{gLsnfx¿ k|:t't ug]{ rng ls/ft wdf{jnDaLx¿df 5 .

g]kfnL e"lddf ljleGg hfthflt, cflbjf;L hghflt Pjd\ ljleGgwdf{jnDaLx¿sf] cf–cfk\mgf] wfld{s, ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts, d'Gb'd, ldysx¿,dfGotfx¿ / efiffx¿df cfwfl/t gf6\o 36gfx¿ k|;:t} 5 . To;nfO{ gf6\osnfsf] dfWodaf6 ljZj ;fd' k'¥ofpg' k5{ . lsgls casf] ljZj gf6\osnfeg]sf] ax'ntfdf klg Pstfsf] gf6\osnf xf] . o;nfO{ ljZjsf gf6\sdL{x¿n];–;Ddfg :jLsfl/Psf] gf6\osnfsf] o'u xf] . tyflk, ls/ft zf;g sfndfgf6\osnfsf] w]/} lasf; ePsf] s'/f ls/ft d'Gb'daf6 k|:6} yfxf ePtf klg ls/ft/fHo–zf;gsf] ktg kl5 ls/ft gf6\osnf l;dfGts[t eO{ cGtt nf]kf]Gd'vcj:yfdf k'Uof] . Tolx+ nf]kf]Gd'v cj:yfdf /x]sf] ls/ft d'Gb'd / ldysdfcfwfl/t gf6\osnfx¿nfO{ o; gf6s ;ª\u|x æ;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ªÆ df h:tfsf]t:t} b]vfpg] k|of; u/]sf] 5' .

d åf/f lnlvt, lgb]{lzt Pjd\ clelgt gf6sx¿sf] ;ª\u|x ‘;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ª’ tkfO{+ kf7s ju{x¿ ;dIf k|:t't u/]sf] 5' . o; gf6s ;ª\u|x‘;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ª’ sf] lzif{s gf6s ‘;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ª’ -@)$(_ df ls/ftd'Gb'd cg';f/ ls/ftLx¿sf] pTklQ / ls/ftLx¿sf] cfbz{ k"vf{ ;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ªåf/ful/Psf] clego snfnfO{ x'ax' b]vfpg] k|of; u/]sf] 5' . To:t} o; gf6s;ª\u|xsf] bf];|f] gf6s ‘;'lDgdf’ -@)%)_ df ls/ft ;d'bfodf bfh'sf] d[To' kl5klg ;=;Ddfg efph'nfO{ ljjfx ug]{ ls/ftL k/Dk/f eP klg kfl/jfl/s ;+/rgfnfO{dha'b kfg]{ ;jfndf ;DalGwt kIfx¿sf] OR5f ljkl/t Psnf}6L lg0f{o nfb\bf36gf b'3{6gfdf kl/0ft x'G5 eGg] s'/f b]vfPsf] 5' . To:t} o; gf6s ;ª\u|xsf]clGtd gf6s ‘lggLdf’ -@)%!_ df cf̂gf] cl:Tj / kl/ro u'dfPsf] JolQmsf]cfTdf leq blGsPsf] cfuf]sf] Hjf/ef6 aflx/ lj:kmf]6 x'Fbfsf] cj:yfnfO{ljDjfTds¿kdf k|:t't u/]sf] 5' . of] gf6s ;ª\u|x ‘;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ª’ leqsf]tLg} j6f gf6sx¿df qmdzM ls/ft d'Gb'ddf cfwfl/t ldysx¿, ;+:s[ltx¿ /;+:sf/nfO{ t8\sf/f] p7fPsf] 5' .

o; gf6s ;ª\u|x ‘;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ª’ df ls/ft d'Gb'ddf ePsf]ldysx¿nfO{ gf6\osnfsf] dfWodaf6 x'ax' k|:t't u/]sf] 5' . tyflk ljleGg


vf]nf–vf]nfsf] ls/ft d'Gb'ddf ldysx¿ klg km/s–km/s kg]{ ePsf] x'Fbf o;gf6sdf k'df vf]nfsf] ls/ft d'Gb'd / ldysx¿nfO{ d"n cfwf/ agfPsf] 5' .To:t} o; gf6s ;ª\u|xdf ePsf] kfqx¿sf] /xg;xg, afgLJoxf]/f / af]nLrfnLcflbnfO{ klg x'ax' /fv]sf] 5' . t;y{ g]kfnL Jofs/0f–efiff lj1fg;Fu d]ngvfPdf k'df vf]nfsf] ls/ft–;fdflhs kl/j]znfO{ cfwf/ dflglbg' xf]nf .

cGTodfM dnfO{ cf̂gf] tg, dg, jrg / sd{n] ;b}j ;fy, ;xof]u /;Nnfx lbO{ d]/f] ;[hgfTds gf6\osd{nfO{ cfhsf] lbg;Dd NofO{ k'¥ofpg ;xof]uug'{ x'g] ;Dk"0f{ ljåfg dxfg'efjx¿ k|lt ljz]if cfef/ k|s6 ub}{ pxfFx¿sf] gfdd]/f] x[boaf6} ;–;Ddfg jfrg ug'{ rfxfG5' .!= kf/Ljfl/s ;xof]usf] nfluM!= s_ cfkf–cfdfrLM!= s_ != cfdf– >L rt'/s'df/L /fO{ -j]nfot_ != s_ @= cfkf– >L hutaxfb'//fO{ -df]/ª_ != s_ #= ;fgf] cfdf– >L k~rs'df/L /fO{ -df]/ª_!= v_ cfÚÚÚÚÚsf]–ofof]rLM!= v_ != >L h·/fd /fO{ -df]/ª_ != v_ @= >L a'l4axfb'/ /fO{ -ef/t_ != v_ #=>L v8\uaxfb'/ /fO{ -ax/fOg_ != v_ #= s_ >L /fhdfof /fO{ -vf]6fª_!= v_ $= >L OGb|axfb'/ /fO{ -vf]6fª_ != v_ $= s_ bf]jf= u+ufdfof /fO{ -vf]6fª_!= v_ %= >L lzjWjh /fO{ -j]nfot_ != v_ %= s_ >L zf]efb]jL /fO{ -j]nfoft_!= v_ ^= >L 6Lsf/fd /fO{ -dn]lzof_ != v_ &= >L xl/axfb'/ /fO{ -df]/ª_!= v_ 5]Ts'df 5frLM!= v_ != >L ozf]bf /fO{ -vf]6fª_ != v_ != s_ >L ;G;f/dfg /fO{ -vf]6fª_ !=v_ @= >L /df /fO{ -pbok'/_ != v_ @= s_ >L jt{'dfg /fO{ -dn]lzof_ != v_ #=>L zfljqf /fO{ -df]/ª_ != v_ $= >L ;f]d' /fO{ -sf7df08f}_ != v_ $= s_ >L k"0f{/fO{ -dn]lzof_ != v_ %= >L ¿sdl0f /fO{ -df]/ª_ != v_ ^= >L d]g'snf /fO{-df]/ª_@= s_ gf6\osd{sf u'?x¿M!= >L h]=jL= /fO{ -j]nfot_ @= >L xl/x/ zdf{ -sf7df08f}_ #= >L df]xg lg/f}nf-sf7df08f}_ $= >L z'ef; uh'/]n -sf7df08f}_ %= >L bLks lqkf7L -sf7df08f}_^= >L ljgf]b >]i7 -sf7df08f}_ &= >L /fh]z s]=;L= -sf7df08f}_ *= >L ;'lgnkf]v/]n -sf7df08f}_ (= >L k|efs/ zdf{ -sf7df08f}_ !)= >L aL/]Gb| xdfn-sf7df08f}_ !!= >L ;'j0f{ >]i7 -k|mfG;_ !@= >L zf]ef rGb -k|mfG;_@= v_ gf6\osd{sf] d]/f] snfsf/x¿M!= >L bLk]Gb| /fO{ @= >L bLks /fO{ #= >L kNnj d'sf¿ª $= >L wg/fh /fO{ %=>L ldng /fO{ ^= >L bLjf /fO{ &= >L kbds'df/L /fO{ *= >L ;fªs]g /fO{ (= >L

k|jL0f k'df M 20

rf;'d /fO{ !)= >L lglg/]df /fO{ !!= >L ldGdf /fO{ !@= >L lggLdf /fO{!#= >L lasf; /fO{ !$= >L :ofd'gf /fO{ !%= >L bLjfxf]ª /fO{ !^= >L e"k/fh/fO{ !&= >L dbg /fO{ !*= >L x]R5fs'jf /fO{ !(= >L /fwf /fO{ @)= >L b]ljsf/fO{ @!= >L j]g'sf /fO{ @@= >L cg'sf /fO{ @#= >L OlGb/f /fO{ @$= >L zfljqf/fO{ @%= >L O;f /fO{ @^= >L slj/fh /fO{ @& >L saLGb| /fO{ @*= >L piff /fO{@(= >L hof /fO{ #)= >L l;d|g /fO{ #!= >L ;fu/ /fO{ #@= >L aLGb| /fO{##= >L /f]zg /fO{ #$= >L l5b'/ /fO{ #%= >L Ps/fh /fO{ #^= >L k"0f{ /fO{#&= >L kz'{/fd /fO{ #*= >L tf/f /fO{ #(= >L hfg'sf /fO{ $)= >L gljgf /fO{$!= >L ;Demgf /fO{ $@= >L uf}Qd /fO{ $#= >L /fhd'lg /fO{ $$= >L slkn/fO{ $%= >L ;/f]h /fO{ $^= >L b]a]Gb| /fO{ $&= >L rGb|axfb'/ /fO{ $*= >L z'idf/fO{ $(= >L gGbsnf /fO{ %)= >L dlgnf /fO{ %!= >L ;Gtf]if /fO{ %@= >L ;ljtf/fO{ %#= >L lgd{nf /fO{ %$= >L /fh' /fO{ %%= >L OGb| /fO{ %^= >L cl:dtf /fO{%&= >L /fh' P08 /fh' /fO{ %*= >L ljlkgf /fO{ %(= >L bLjfgf /fO{ ̂ )= >L ljgo/fO{ ^!= >L bLg]z /fO{ ^@= >L ;l/tf /fO{ ^#= >L jGbgf /fO{ ^$= >L clDasf/fO{ ^%= >L l;nLxfªdf /fO{ ^^= >L z'efrg /fO{ ^&= >L lht'sf /fO{^*= >L s'df/L /fO{ ̂ (= >L ddtf ;'Aaf &)= >L tfG5f]df lnDa" &!= >L k'¿iff]Qduf}td &@= >L /fh' kf08] &#= >L ggLg lu/L &$= >L t¿0f hf]zL &%= >L Crf/]UdL &^= >L k|sfz zdf{ &&= >L /d]z >]i7 &*= >L l6=aL= sfsL{ &(= >L k|jf]wyfkf *)= >L ;Ggf s·f *!= >L b]ljgf zfx *@= >L l/taxfb'/ du/*#= >L ljj]s df]Qmfg *$= >L kjg df]Qmfg *%= >L /rgf dxh{g *^= >L dfofgu/sf]6L *&= >L b]j bfxfn **= >L 6]saxfb'/ du/ *(= >L lbIff lnDa"()= >L gfdsnf /fO{ (!= >L ;+of]uL /fO{ (@= >L holznf /fO{ (#= >L sNkgf/fO{ ($= >L /df /fO{ (%= >L kljtf /fO{ (^= >L e"klht /fO{ (&= >L ;'b]z /fO{(*= >L kj{t /fO{ ((= >L nIdL /fO{ !))= >L dldtf /fO{ !)!= >L lgof]g /fO{!)@= >L ;'lDgdf /fO{ !)#= >L rt'/xfªdf /fO{ !)$= >L hutxfª /fO{!)%= >L cg' /fO{ cflb .#= s_ k|sfzgsf] nfluMlqe"jg ljZjljBfno, lslt{k'/, sf7df08f}#= v_ e"ldsfsf] nfluM!= 8f= lji0f'k|;fb /fO{ -jl/i7 ;flxTosf/_ @= 8f= nfn /fkfrf -jl/i7 ls/ftf]nf]lhi6_#= 8f= lzj l/hfn -jl/i7 gf6\olab_ $= Aofs'n dfOnf -/fli6«o ufg ;h{s_%= k|f1= cz]if dNn --jl/i7 gf6\osdL{_#= -u_ efiff ;'4f;'4Lsf] nfluM lbk]Gb| lbgb'vL$= -s_ ;+:yf ;Da4tfsf] nfluM


!= ;'lDgdf lyP6/ Ps]8]dL, g]kfn @= ljZjljBfno lyP6/ Ps]8]dL, lq=lj=#= Pe/]i6 sNr/ P08 ldl8of Ps]8]dL, g]kfn $= ;fg gf6\o ;d"x, g]kfn%= g]kfn rnlrq kqsf/ ;ª\3 ̂ = ls/ft /fO{ gf6\o–rnlrqsdL{ ;ª\3 &= ls/ftk'df /fO{ t'Kvfjfªvfnf *= ls/ft /fO{ ofof]Vvf (= ls/ft /fO{ ljBfyL{ ;ª\3!)= ls/ft /fO{ n]vs ;ª\3 !!= ls/ft /fO{ kqsf/ ;ª\3 !@= kfyLef/f ;]jf;dfh !#= cflbjf;L uLtsf/ ;dfh .%= sDKo"6/ k|ljlwsf] nfluM gjLgrGb| t'Dafkf]^= s_ d]/f] gf6\osd{sf] k|]/s ljåfg dxfg'efjx¿M

ef]hk'/sf uLtsf/ z'e d'sf¿ª, sjloqL k|ult d'sf¿ª, slj /fhgd'sf¿ª, slj zzL n'd'Da', slj e"kfn /fO{, slj z}n]Gb| rfkfufO{+ -sf7df08f}_,slj k|sfz yfD;'xfª -Onfd_, ;flxTosf/ lzv/ d'sf¿ -;'g;/L_, uhnsf/eb|uf]n ls/ftL -;f]n'v'Da'_, ;·LtsdL{x¿ j;Gt d'sf¿ª -ef]hk'/_ / bLn]Gb|d'sf¿ª -Onfd_ rnlrqsdL{x¿ ls/0f jfGtfjf -ef]hk'/_, j;Gtf /fO{ -ef]hk'/_/ rGb| jfDa'n] -cf]vn9'·f_, ;~rf/sdL{x¿ u0f]z /fO{ -sflGtk'/ b}lgs_, bLk]Gb|bLgb'MvL -/fhwfgL b}lgs_, hgsClif /fO{ -g]=k|= dxf;ª\3, ;'g;/L_, b]p/fnLrflDnª -;'g;/L_, tf/f rflDnª -;'g;/L_, l8=aL= /fO{ ‘;/f]h’ -nlntk'/_, an/fdsf]O/fnf -/]l8of] g]kfn_ / cd/Wjh nfdf -/]l8of] g]kfn_, ls/ftf]nf]lhi6x¿sNkgf /fO{ -vf]6fª_, u0f]z /fO{ -vf]6fª_, >Ls'df/ /fO{ -vf]6fª_, / rGb| xt'jfnL-ef]hk'/_, vf]6fªsf b]jLdfof /fO{, phL/ /fO{, ;"o{laqmd /fO{, cd[t /fO{ / e"klht/fO{ gf6\osdL{x¿ s[i0flht /fO{ -cf]vn9'·f_, wg'if/fh /fO{ -pbok'/_ / s[i0fzfxofqL -pbok'/_, /fhgLltsdL{x¿ eLd /fO{ -vf]6fª_, /fd d'sf¿ª -Onfd_ /x]dGt d'sf¿ª -;dfh;]jL dgLs'df/ /fO{ -nlntk'/_, clwjQmf lbk]Gb| /fO{-pbok'/_, /df /fO{ -w/fg_, g/]Gb| /fO{ -wgs'6f_, ;'/]Gb| /fO{ -;'g;/L_, d~h' /fO{-;'g;/L_ dlgtf /fO{ -ef]hk'/_, rf]ldqf /fO{ -ef/t_, /d]z /fO{ -dn]lzof_,xªsªsf a;Gtf /fO{, ;'jf; /fO{, arg /fO{ / k]ª\u'O{g /fO{, o=s]=sf /fds'df//fO{ / cGhfg k|ltsf/, Oh/fonsf ;fljqf /fO{ / cg' /fO{ cflb .

dnfO{ ljZjf; 5, tkfO{+x¿sf] cd"No ;'emfj tyf ;Nnfx kfpg]5' .

k|jL0f k'dfk|jL0f k'dfk|jL0f k'dfk|jL0f k'dfk|jL0f k'dfkf]=a=g+= *(&%, O=kL=;L= @&)(nlntk'/, g]kfnkf]=a=g+= *(&%, O=kL=;L= @&)(nlntk'/, g]kfnkf]=a=g+= *(&%, O=kL=;L= @&)(nlntk'/, g]kfnkf]=a=g+= *(&%, O=kL=;L= @&)(nlntk'/, g]kfnkf]=a=g+= *(&%, O=kL=;L= @&)(nlntk'/, g]kfn

kmf ]gM )!–%%#)&*!÷(*$!#&$#%^kmf ]gM )!–%%#)&*!÷(*$!#&$#%^kmf ]gM )!–%%#)&*!÷(*$!#&$#%^kmf ]gM )!–%%#)&*!÷(*$!#&$#%^kmf ]gM )!–%%#)&*!÷(*$!#&$#%^E-mail: [email protected]

k|jL0f k'df M 22

‘; ' lDgdf–kfL?xf ]ª’‘; 'lDgdf–kfL?xf ]ª’‘; 'lDgdf–kfL?xf ]ª’‘; 'lDgdf–kfL?xf ]ª’‘; 'lDgdf–kfL?xf ]ª’

gf6s M ‘;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ª’n]vg÷lgb]{zg MMMMM k|jL0f k'dfsnfsf/x¿ M rt'/xfªdf /fO{, hutxfª /fO{,ozf]bf /fO{, v8\uxfª

/fO{, OGb|xfª /fO{, /df /fO{, lzjxfª /fO{, k/z'/fd/fO{, 6Lsfxfª /fO{, xl/xfª /fO{, bLk]Gb| /fO{, kljtf /fO{,k|jL0f k'df cflb .

lgdf{tf M rt'/xfªdf /fO{÷hutxfª /fO{cfof]hs M ;'lDgdf lyP6/ Ps]8]dL, g]kfn:yfg M ;'lDgdf lyP6/ Ps]8]dLsf] k|f·0fldlt M @)$( r}q & ut]

;'lDgdf– kf¿xf]ª gf6ssf] Ps b[Zo . snfsf/x¿M bLk]Gb| /fO{ / kljtf /fO{ .kl/sNkgf÷n]vg÷lgb]{zgM k|jL0f k'df .


;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ª

kfqx¿M

!_ ls/ftLxf]ªdf — lggfDdfaf6 x ] Gvfdfdf cfPkl5sf ] ]ls/ftLxf]ªdfsf] e]ifdf ;'lDgdf

@_ ls/ftLxf]ª — lggfDdfaf6 x ] Gvfdfdf cfPkl5sf ]ls/ftLxf]ªsf] e]ifdf kf¿xf]ª

#_ rfKrfxf]ª — ls/ftLxf]ªdf ls/ftLxf]ªsf] h]7f 5f]/f$_ jfGkfxf]ª — ls/ftLxf]ªdf ls/ftLxf]ªsf] dfOnf 5f]/f%_ xf]ª5f — ls/ftLxf]ªdf ls/ftLxf]ªsf] sfG5f 5f]/f^_ bf]jf — lggfDdfaf6 x]Gvfdf cfPkl5sf] kf¿xf]ªsf]

ls/ftL bf]jfsf] e]ifdf&_ tfªt'KdL — ls/ftLxf]ªdfsf] ;xof]uL,dxftDdf–dxftDdfsf]

kfgLdf lx+8\g] r/f*_ ufjf — ;fNkf kf]v/L d'lg ;'lt/x]sf] ls/ftLxf]ªsf]

sfg 6f]Sg] hn k|f0fL(_ jf;fx¿ — x]Gvfdfdf a:g] ljleGg k|sf/sf] r/fx¿!)_ ;'lDgdf — lggfDdfaf6 x]Gvfdfdf cfPkl5sf] ;'lDgdfsf]

;SsnL ¿k!!_ kf¿xf]ª — lggfDdfaf6 x]Gvfdfdf cfPkl5sf] kf¿xf]ªsf]

;SsnL ¿k

k|jL0f k'dfk|jL0f k'dfk|jL0f k'dfk|jL0f k'dfk|jL0f k'df

k|jL0f k'df M 24

;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ª

syf;f/M;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ªn] x]Gvfdf / lggfDdfsf] pTklQ u/fO{ ;s]kl5 kf¿xf]ªn]

x]Gvfdfdf klg ls/ftL af]AaL a;fpg'sf] nflu ;'lDgdfnfO{ 5SsfP/ lggfDdfaf6x]Gvfdfdf cfO{ w]/} ;do;Dd ls/ftLxf]ªnfO{ vf]H5 . t/ x]Gvfdfdf st} klgls/ftLxf]ªdf e]6\b}g . ToxLF qmddf 5f]6f] rf]nf, u'Go" / v'§fdf sln nufPsf],x]bf{ c;fWo} /fd|f] Ps ls/ftLxf]ªdf 8f]sfdf 5f]sf]df l6Kb}–l6Kb} dxftDdfdf pFef]lglSnbf ls/ftLxf]ª;Fu ls/ftLxf]ªdfsf] e]6 eO{ lrgfkrL{ x'G5 . To;kl5ls/ftLxf]ªn] /ft kf/]/ To; /ft ToxLF dxftDdfsf] lsgf/sf] a'S6f]ªdf ls/ftLxf]ª/ ls/ftLxf]ªdf;Fu} af; a;L] ls/ftLxf]ªdfnfO{ laafxsf] k|:tfj /fV5 . t/ls/ftLxf]ªdfn] ls/ftLxf]ªsf] pQm laafx k|:tfjnfO{ 7f8} cl:jsf/ u5{ .

To;kl5 cf̂gf] laafxsf] k|:tfjnfO{ ls/ftLxf]ªdfn] cl:jsf/ u/]sf]n]cfkm"nfO{ ls/ftLxf]ªdfn] a]Ohlt u/]sf] ;DemL ls/ftLxf]ªn] x]Gvfdfdf k'/} ;'VvfnufP/ rf]df]n'ªdf 5]psf] ;fNkf kf]v/Ldf uP/ d:t ;'T5 . ToxLF qmddfls/ftLxf]ªdf ltvf{n] Jofs'n eO{ tfªt'KdLnfO{ kfgL vf]Hg k7fpF5 . t/ tfªt'KdLn]sxLF klg kfgL e]6\b}g a¿ dxftfDdfsf] ;'Vvf lsgf/df gflrxf]ªsf] kftdfclnslt kfgL ePsf] ;'lDgdfnfO{ atfpF5 .

To;kl5 ls/ftLxf]ªdfsf] cfb]z cg';f/ tfªt'KdLn] Tof] ;'Vvf dxftDdfsf]lsgf/df /x]sf] gfrLxf]ªsf] kftdf ePsf] kfgL lnP/ ls/ftLxf]ªdfnfO{ lbG5 .ls/ftLxf]ªdfn] Tof] kfgL vfO;s]kl5 crfgs x]Gvfdf k'/} k'gM x/fe/f x'G5 .ToxLF a]nf ls/ftLxf]ªdfsf] k]6 b'v]/ ladf/L ePsf] a]nf ls/ftL bf]jf cfP/lrgfkrL{ x'G5 . To;kl5 ls/ftLxf]ªdfsf] cg'/f]wdf ls/ftL bf]jfn] of/L x]/]/

‘; ' lDgdf–kf¿xf ]ª’‘; ' lDgdf–kf¿xf ]ª’‘; ' lDgdf–kf¿xf ]ª’‘; ' lDgdf–kf¿xf ]ª’‘; ' lDgdf–kf¿xf ]ª’



pksf/ ug'{ cufj} ls/ftLxf]ªdf a'v'GbLdf ePsf] atfpF5 . To;kl5 ls/ftLxf]ªdfn]cfkm" sGof s]6L ePsf] / s'g} klg k/k'¿if;Fu ;xaf; gu/]sf] bfaL ub}{ ls/ftLbf]jfnfO{ ca pk|fGt To:tf] csNkgLo s'/f gaf]Ng cg'/f]w ubf{ ls/ftL bf]jfn]ls/ftLxf]ªdfnfO{ cf̂gf] k]6 cfkm} 5fDg' nufpF5 . ls/ftLxf]ªdfn] cfkm" a'v'GbLdfePsf] dx;'; u5{ . To;kl5 ls/ftL bf]jfsf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ ufjfnfO{ lnP/;fNkf kf]v/L uO{ ls/ftLxf]ªnfO{ p7fP/ x]Gvfdfdf NofO{ laafx u/L 3/hd u/]/a:5 .

To;kl5 ls/ftLxf]ª / ls/ftLxf]ªdfsf] rfKrfxf]ª, jfGkfxf]ª / xf]ª5fsf]hGd x'G5 . To;kl5 ls/ftLxf]ªn] ls/ftLxf]ªdf;Fu lgx'F vf]h]/ lggfDdf lt/kmls{G5 . t/ ls/ftLxf]ªn] ;'lDgdfnfO{ lggfDdf e/L vf]Hbf klg gkfPkl5;'lDgdfnfO{ kfpg'sf] nflu Wofg a:bf ;'lDgdf g} ls/ftLxf]ªsf] e]ifdf x]GvfdfdfcfP/ cfkm";Fu laafx u/L 3/hd u/]/ a;]sf] s'/f yfxf kfpF5 . To;kl5ls/ftLxf]ª k'gM x]Gvfdfdf cfP/ ls/ftLxf]ªdfnfO{ lggfDdflt/ kmls{g cg'/f]wu5{ . t/ ls/ftLxf]ªdfn] cfˆgf] 5f]/fx¿ gx'ls{Gh]n x]Gvfdfdf g} a:g] lh4L ub}{ls/ftLxf]ªnfO{ lggfDdfdf g} k7fpF5 .

To;sf] w]/} jif{kl5 rfKrfxf]ª, jfGkfxf]ª / xf]ª5f klg jo:s x'G5 .ToxLF qmddf lt 5f]/fx¿ eid] kmfF8]/ 5¿jf 5g'{ hfFbf ;w}+ rfKrfxf]ª / jfGkfxf]ªn]xf]ª5fnfO{ dfg'{ vf]Hbf bfh'x¿sf] cTofrf/ ;xg' g;s]/ xf]ª5fn] klg rfKrfxf]ª/ jfGkfxf]ªnfO{ df/L lbPsf] s'/f cfdfnfO{ atfpF5 . To;kl5 ls/ftLxf]ªdfn]rfKrfxf]ª / jfGkfxf]ªnfO{ df/]sf] 7fpFnfO{ b]vfO{ dfu]/ lt b'j} rfKrfxf]ª /jfGkfxf]ªnfO{ ls/ftLxf]ªdfn] hufpF5 .

To;kl5 rfKrfxf]ª, jfGkfxf]ª / xf]ª5fnfO{ ;w}+sf] nflu cfkm"–cfkm"5'6fO{ lbG5 . rfKrfxf]ª / jfGkfxf]ª h·nlt/ hfG5 . ToxLFa]nf ls/ftLxf]ªlggfDdfaf6 ls/ftLxf]ªdfnfO{ lng k'gM x]Gvfdfdf cfO{k'U5 . To;kl5ls/ftLxf]ªdfsf] afrf cg';f/ ls/ftLxf]ª;Fu ls/ftLxf]ªdf xf]ª5fnfO{ x]Gvfdfdfls/ftL /fHo ;~rfng ug'{ nufO{ lggfDdflt/ hfG5, xf]ª5f dfq} x]Gvfdfdf/xG5 .

k|jL0f k'df M 26

klxnf] b[Zoklxnf] b[Zoklxnf] b[Zoklxnf] b[Zoklxnf] b[Zo

:yfg:yfg:yfg:yfg:yfg M dxftDdf lsgf/sf] a'S6f]ªM dxftDdf lsgf/sf] a'S6f]ªM dxftDdf lsgf/sf] a'S6f]ªM dxftDdf lsgf/sf] a'S6f]ªM dxftDdf lsgf/sf] a'S6f]ª;do;do;do;do;do MMMMM a]n'sfa]n'sfa]n'sfa]n'sfa]n'sfk fqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿ MMMMM ls/ftLxf ]ª / ls/ftLxf ]ªdfls/ftLxf ]ª / ls/ftLxf ]ªdfls/ftLxf ]ª / ls/ftLxf ]ªdfls/ftLxf ]ª / ls/ftLxf ]ªdfls/ftLxf ]ª / ls/ftLxf ]ªdf

rf]df]n'ªdfsf] km]bdf dxftDdf alu/x]sf] x'G5 .Ps ls/ftLxf]ª 6fpsf]df ;]tf] km]6f u'y]sf], gfs y]Krf], sfFwdfwg'if–jf0f le/]sf], 5f]6f] yf/Ljf nufPsf], sDa/df Psfkl§ r'To'ªcsf]{kl§ t/jf/ le/]/ dxftDdfdf b'jfnL 5]Sb} jfs'/L;f dfb}{ pwf]embf{–emb}{{ yfs]/ dxftDdf lsgf/sf] 9'·fdf la;fpF5 .

ls/ftLxf]ª M -dgf]jfb_ d}n] ;'lDgdfnfO{ 5SofP/ lggfDdfaf6 ls/ftLxf]ªdfvf]Hg' x]Gvfdfdf cfPsf] klg, ca t w]/} lbg eof] . t/ clxn];Ddd}n] x]gvfdfdf st} klg ls/ftLxf]ªdf e]l6g . dnfO{ ;'lDgdfn]lggfDdfdf slt w]/} dfof uYof]{, slt w]/} ljZjf; uYof]{ . t/d}n] ;'lDgdfnfO{ PSn} lggfDdfdf 5f]8L cfP/ 7"nf] e"n u/]5' .ca, d]/f] ;'lDgdfnfO{ e]6\g' lggfDdf lt/ g} kmls{g' knf{ .Tolx+a]nf v'§fdf sNnL nufPsf], 5f]6f] rf}aGbL rf]nf / u'Go" nufPsf],asf]{n] 6fpsf] 5f]k]sf], cg'xf/ y]Krf] ePsf], x]bf{ cToGt} ;'Gb/Lls/ftLxf]ªdf 8f]sfdf 5f]sf]df l6Kb}–l6Kb} dxftDdf pef] lg:sFbfls/ftLxf]ª;Fu e]6\x'G5 .

ls/ftLxf]ª M -crDd dfGb}_ tkfO{F sf] x'g'x'G5 <ls/ftLxf]ªdfM -nhfpFb}_ d o; x]Gvfdfsf] ls/ftLxf]ªdf x'F . clg, tkfO{+ lg <ls/ftLxf]ª M -cK7\of/f] dfGb}_ d lggfDdfaf6 cfPsf] ls/ftLxf]ª x'F .



ls/ftLxf]ªdfM P===¤ To;f]eP, xfdL t ;+of]un] kf] e]6 eP5f}+ .ls/ftLxf]ª M -;lx yfKb}_ ;fFRr}===¤ xf] t lg ¤ ca, tkfO{F x]Gvfdfsf] ls/ftLxf]ªdf,

d lggfDdfsf] ls/ftLxf]ª, gq xfd|f] e]6 s;/L x'GYof] t <ls/ftLxf]ª M cF, a¿ eGg' xf];\ . tkfO{F lggfDdfaf6 x]Gvfdfdf s;f] ubf{ cfpg'

eof] t <ls/ftLxf]ªdfM cF=== ha ;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ªn] x]Gvfdf / lggfDdfsf] pTklQ u/fpg'

eof] . ta, o; x]Gvfdf / lggfDdfdf af]AaL a;fpg' of]Uo eof] .t/ ;'lDgdf / kf¿xf]ªn] dfq of] x]Gvfdf / lggfDdf b'[j} 7fpFdfPs}rf]6L af]AaL a;fpg' ;Dej ePg . t;y{, o; x]Gvfdfdf ls/ftLaf]AaL a;fpg'sf] nflu d oxfF cfPsf] x'F . -dgf]jfb_ olt w]/} ;dokl5 aNn–aNn x]Gvfdfdf ls/ftLxf]ªdf e]l6of] . a¿, ca /ftkf] kf/]/ cfhsf] /ft Tof] ls/ftLxf]ªdf;Fu} a:g' k¥of] . p;nfO{ljjfxsf] k|:tfj klg ToxLF /fVg' k¥of] .

ls/ftLxf]ªdfM -emsemsfpFb}_ ls/ftLxf]ª, tkfO{nfO{ s] eof] <ls/ftLxf]ª M -;Dxfln+b}_ xF===,dnfO{ s]lx klg ePsf] 5}g, lsg / <ls/ftLxf]ªdfM clg, lsg Psf]xf]l/g' ePsf] lg ¤ls/ftLxf]ª M x}g, ca /ft klg k¥of] . To;}n] ca xfdL ot} a'S6f]ª lt/} kf] af;

a;f}+ ls, eg]/ ;f]lr/x]sf] .ls/ftLxf]ªdfM -c:jLsf/ ub}{_ tkfO{sf] s'/f klg l7s} xf] . t/, d rflx+ tkfO{+;Fu

oxfF al:bg .ls/ftLxf]ª M -cfZro{ dfGb}_ lsg / < /ft k/]/ ce/ k/]sf] a]nf xfdL;Fu} af;

a:bf s] x'G5 / <ls/ftLxf]ªdfM ls/ftLxf]ª, ca tkfO{F cfkm}+ ;f]Rg'xf];\ t < Ps hjfgLn] el/k'0f{

dlxnf / k'¿if dfq o:tf] PSnf] ;'g;fg 7fpFdf /ftL ;Fu} af; a:bfs] x'G5 eg]/ < cfv]/L ;a}sf] dg Pp6} t xf] lg ¤ ca, To:tf] s'/fklg d}n] tkfO{FnfO{ eGg' k5{ / <

ls/ftLxf]ª M tkfO{Fsf] s'/f klg l7s} xf] . t/ ;fFem kl/;Sof], oqf] ;fFemdftkfO{+ sxfF hfg' x'G5 <

ls/ftLxf]ªdfM cGt st}, ;'/lIft 7fpFdf .ls/ftLxf]ª M -;DemfpFb}_ xf]ªdf, tkfO{+ xfd|f] klxnf] e]6 xf] . To;}n], Tof] klxnf]

e]6df g} d k|lt tkfO{Fsf] ljZjf; gx'g' :jfefljs g} xf] . t/dnfO{ ljZjf; u/]/ t x]g'{xf];\ . km]l/, olt ;fFem tkfO{+ cGt st}hfFbf klg, ToxfF ;'/lIft 7fpF g} e]6\g' x'G5 eg]/, s;/L ljZjf;u/f}+ < ca, oxfF eGbf klg, ToxfF cem} c;'/lIft 7fpF e]6\g' eof] eg]


k|jL0f k'df M 28

lg ¤ a¿, xfdL Ps–cfk;df 5'jf–5' gu/L a;f}+, of] d]/f] sGgL ls/]g} eof] .

ls/ftLxf]ªdfM -sGgL :jLsfb}{_ l7s} 5 . ca, xfdL Ps–cfk;df 5'jf–5' ub}{gf}+ eg],cfhsf] /ft d tkfO{+;Fu} oxfF a:5' . t/ argsf] rflx+ kSsf x'g'k5{lg ¤

ls/ftLxf]ª M x'G5 xf]ªdf, x'G5 . To; s'/fdf tkfO{+n] lrGQ} lng' kb}{g . djrgsf] kSsf kfng u5'{ . -k|;Fu abnb}_ cF, n l7s 5 . To;f]eP, d ;'Kt'n'ª agfP/ dxftDdfaf6 kfgL NofpF5' . tkfO{+ ;'Kt'n'ªdfcfuf] afn]/ vfgf ksfpFg'xf];\ x} t .

ls/ftLxf]ªdfM -:jLsfb}{_ xj;\ . d, d]/f] lhDdfdf cfPsf] sfd k'/f u5'{ .ls/ftLxf]ª ;fs]Gjf uLt ufpFb} ;'Kt'n'ª agfP/ dxftDdfaf6 kfgLNofpF5 .ls/ftLxf]ªdf klg ;fs]Gjf uLt ufpFb} ;'Kt'n'ªdf cfuf] afn]/ vfgfksfpF5 .

ls/ftLxf]ª M xf]ªdf, tkfO{F vfgf agfpFb} ug'{xf];\ . d vfgf vfg'sf] nfludf]jf]nf jf]Sjf l6k]/ NofpF5' x} .

ls/ftLxf]ªdfM xj;\ . t/ tkfO{F l5§} cfpg'xf]; x}, vfgf tof/L x'g' cfF6\of] .ls/ftLxf]ª M x'G5, x'G5 . n===n, d l5§} cfpF5' .

ls/ftLxf]ª ;fs]Gjf uLt ufpFb} h·n lt/ hfG5 .ls/ftLxf]ªdfM -;fs]Gjf uLt ufpFb} vfgf ksfO{;s] kl5 ls/ftLxf]ªnfO{ af]nfpFb}_

P===ls/ftLxf]ª===˜˜˜ls/ftLxf]ª M -g]kTYodf_ h]pm, xf]ªdf===˜˜˜ls/ftLxf]ªdfM vfgf tof/L eof]===˜˜˜ l5§f] cfpg'xf];\ x}===˜˜˜ls/ftLxf]ª M -g]kTYodf_ nf}===˜˜˜ nf}===˜˜˜ d cfPF===˜˜˜ cfPF===˜˜˜

ls/ftLxf]ªn] xftdf df]jf]nf af]Sjf xNnfpFb} cfpF5 .ls/ftLxf]ªdfM -v'zL x'Fb}_ cfO{k'Ug' eof] <ls/ftLxf]ª M h]pm -df]jf]nf jf]Sjf lbFb}_ oL df]jf]nf, jf]Sjf .ls/ftLxf]ªdfM -df]jf]nf jf]Sjf lnFb}_ cfnfªg], cfnfªg] . -df]jf]nf jf]Sjfdf vfgf

k:sfP/ lbFb}_ oL vfgf lng'xf];\ .ls/ftLxf]ª M -vfgf ;dfpFb}_ cfnfªg]===cfnfªg]===xf]ªdf . n t ca, tkfO{+nfO{

klg vfgf k:sg'xf];\ . cfh, xfdL;Fu} a;]/ vfgf vfg' k5{ .ls/ftLxf]ªdfM xj; .

ls/ftLxf]ªdfn] vfgf k:sfP/ ls/ftLxf]ª;Fu} a;]/ vfgf vfG5 .




ls/ftLxf]ª M -k|z+;f ub}{_ cfxf, tkfO{Fn] Nofpg' ePsf] 5f]sf]df t slt ld7f]nfUof] . olt ld7f] vfg]s'/f ;w}F vfg' kfP, s:tf] x'GYof] x} <

ls/ftLxf]ªdfM -nhfpFb}_ cF tkfO{ klg . slt ;f/f] dnfO{ dfq km'sf{pg' ePsf]xf] < tkfO{Fn] klg Nofpg' ePsf] jfs'/L;f emg\, slt dL7f] 5 lg ¤ clg,tkfO{FnfO{ rflxF s;n] k|z+;f ul/lbof];\ .ls/ftLxf]ª–ls/ftLxf]ªdf xfF;–v]nub}{ vfgf vfG5 .k|sfz ljnog eP/ hfG5 .

-kbf { v:5_ -kbf { v:5_ -kbf { v:5_ -kbf { v:5_ -kbf { v:5_

k|jL0f k'df M 30


bf];|f] b[Zobf];|f] b[Zobf];|f] b[Zobf];|f] b[Zobf];|f] b[Zo

:yfg:yfg:yfg:yfg:yfg MMMMM dxftDdf lsgf/sf] a'S6f ]ªdxftDdf lsgf/sf] a'S6f ]ªdxftDdf lsgf/sf] a'S6f ]ªdxftDdf lsgf/sf] a'S6f ]ªdxftDdf lsgf/sf] a'S6f ]ª;do;do;do;do;do MMMMM laxfglaxfglaxfglaxfglaxfg÷÷÷÷÷ lbpF;f ]lbpF;f ]lbpF;f ]lbpF;f ]lbpF;f ]÷÷÷÷÷a]n'sfa]n'sfa]n'sfa]n'sfa]n'sfk fqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿ MMMMM ls/ftLxf ]ª, ls/ftLxf ]ªdf, bf ]jf, tfªt'KdL, ufjfls/ftLxf ]ª, ls/ftLxf ]ªdf, bf ]jf, tfªt'KdL, ufjfls/ftLxf ]ª, ls/ftLxf ]ªdf, bf ]jf, tfªt'KdL, ufjfls/ftLxf ]ª, ls/ftLxf ]ªdf, bf ]jf, tfªt'KdL, ufjfls/ftLxf ]ª, ls/ftLxf ]ªdf, bf ]jf, tfªt'KdL, ufjf

ljxfgLsf] pHofnf];Fu} rf]df]n'ªsf] dgdf]xs b[Zo 6NsL/x]sf] x'G5 .jf;fx¿ lr/lj/fO{ /x]sf] x'G5 .

ls/ftLxf]ªdfM -cf]5\ofgaf6 p7]/ otfptL x]b}{_ xF ls/ftLxf]ª t x'g' x'Gg lg ¤ lxhf]t xfdL;Fu} ;'t]sf] lyof}+ . t/, cfh sxfF hfg' eP5 < ;fob, ljxfg}p7]/ st} 3'Dg' hfg' ePsf] xf]nf . -rf]df]n'ªsf] dgdf]xs b[Zox]b}{_ cfxf===¤ slt /dfOnf] rf]df]n'ªdf . of] rf]df]n'ªdfnfO{rf/}lt/af6 lxpF–lxpFn] 9fSbf t, slt /dfOnf] b]lvFbf] /x]5 .cfxf ¤ ;w}F o:tf] /dfOnf] 7fpFdf a:g' kfP, slt dHhf x'GYof] .k5fl8kl§ xftdf cfDnf/L a'ª n'sfP/ NofpFb} ls/ftLxf]ªsf] k|j]zx'G5 .

ls/ftLxf]ª M -cK7\of/f] dfGb}_ cF===tkfO{+ oxfF < -ls/ftLxf]ªdfn] kmls{P/ x]5{_tkfO{+nfO{ rf]dfn'ªdf /fd|f] nfUof] <

ls/ftLxf]ªdfM -:jLsf/f]lQmdf_ hLpm===¤ clg, lsg tkfO{+ oxfF cfpg' ePsf] t <ls/ftLxf]ª M -cfDnf/L a'ª lb+b}_ oL lng'xf];\, of] cfDnf/L a'ª .ls/ftLxf]ªdfM -cfDnf/L a'ª l;/df l;p/LGb}_ cfnfªg]===cfnfªg] .ls/ftLxf]ª M -v'zL x'Fb}_ d}n] of] cfDnf/L a'ª tkfO{+s} nflu eg]/, rf]df]n'ªdfsf]

rf]daf6 a8f] b'Mvn] l6k]/ NofO{lbPsf] x'F . tkfO{+nfO{ s:tf] nfUof],of] cfDnf/L a'ª <



ls/ftLxf]ªdfM -v'zL x'Fb}_ tkfO{Fn] NofO{lbg' ePsf] of] cfDnf/L a'ª, dnfO{ w]/} dgk¥of] . -cfDnf/L a'ª lz/df nfP/_ To;}n]] oL d]/f] lz/df klgnufO{ ;s]sf] 5' . t/ Tolt w]/} b'Mv u/]/ rf]df]n'ªdfsf] rf]daf6of] cfDnf/L a'ª dnfO{ lsg NofO{ lbg' ePsf] t < olb Tof]rf]df]n'ªdfsf] rf]daf6 n8\g' ePsf] eP, tkfO{{+sf] xfnt s] x'GYof]<

ls/ftLxf]ª M -cK7\of/f] dfGb}_ To;f] xf]Og, xf]ªdf . cfkm"n] rfx]sf] JolQmn] dgk/fPsf] a:t', h:t} cj:yfdf klg NofO{lbg' ;lsG5 lg ¤ dtnj, dtkfO{+nfO{ dg k/fpF5' . clg, d tkfO{+;Fu ljjfx u/]/ 3/hd u/LoxLF x]Gvfdfdf a:g' rfxfG5' . To;}n] d}n] Hofgsf] k|jfx g} gu/Lrf]df]n'ªdfsf] rf]daf6 tkfO{+n] dgk/fpg' ePsf] cfDnf/L a'ªl6k]/ NofO{lbPsf] x'F .

ls/ftLxf]ªdfM -ps';d's'; x'Fb}_ ls/ftLxf]ª, tkfO{+sf] s'/f klg l7s} xf] . t/,xfdLn] Ps–cfk;sf] OR5f ljkl/t s'g} klg sfo{ gug]{ eg]/ sGgLls/] vfO{;s]sf] 5f}F . tkfO{F Tof] afrfdf xfl/;Sg' ePsf] 5 .km]l/, tkfO{+n] d]/f] OR5f ljkl/t laafxsf] k|:tfj d sxfF Nofpg'cK7\of/f] nfUb}g <

ls/ftLxf]ª M -l/;fpFb}_ t/, d tkfO{+nfO{ dg k/fpF5' .ls/ftLxf]ªdfM -;fnLg d'b|fdf_ xf], dnfO{ klxnf g} yfxf lyof] ls, tkfO{+n] dnfO{

dg k/fpg' x'G5 eg]/ . t/ d}n] klg t, tkfO{+nfO{ dg k/fpg'k¥of] lg ¤

ls/ftLxf]ª M -lh2L ub}{_ t/===d tkfO{+nfO{ dg k/fpF5' . d tkfO{+;Fu ljjfx u/]/3/hd a;fpg' rfxfG5' .

ls/ftLxf]ªdfM -c:jLsf/ ub}{_ d}n] tkfO{+nfO{ klxnf g} elg;s]sf] 5' ls, dtkfO{F;Fu ljjfx ug'{ ;lSbg . n, clxn] d uPF .ls/ftLxf]ªdf cfÇgf] 8f]sf af]s]/ hfG5 .

ls/ftLxf]ª M -ls/ftLxf]ªdf uP lt/ x]b}{_ cfh, of] x]Gvfdfsf] ls/ftLxf]ªdfn] d]/f]ljjfxsf] k|:tfjnfO{ c:jLsf/ u/]/ d]/f] 7"nf] a]OhtL u¥of] . of]xf]ªdfn], cfkm"n] cfkm}+nfO{ s] ;Dem]sf] 5 < ca, d klg d]/f]rdTsf/ b]vfO{ lbG5' . cF===ca, la:tf/} of] x]Gvfdfdf ;'VvfnufO{ lbG5' . xl/of] af]6la¿jf, ¿vkftx¿ ;a} ;'sfO{ lbG5' .To; kl5 x]Gvfdfdf k'/} phf8 agfP/ gfrLxf]ª]sf] kftdf d]/f] jLo{:jvng ul/ ;'Vvf dxftfDdfsf] lsgf/df /fvL lbG5' . To; kl5x]/f} Fg, Tof] ls/ftLxf]ªdfn] sxfFsf] kfgL vfFbf] /x]5 . To;

k|jL0f k'df M 32


ls/ftLxf]ªdfn] dnfO{ gkTofPsf] xf]nf . t/, To; ls/ftLxf]ªdfnfO{d h;/L eP klg cfÇgf] agfP/} 5f]8\5' . -cfFvf lrDn]/ lggfDdf lt/9f]Ub}_ cf]===ho ls/ft===.lggfDdf u8\u8fP/ x'/Latf; ;lxt r6\ofª\ k5{ .ls/ftLxf]ª ToxLF cb[Zo x'G5 .x]Gvfdfdf la:tf/} ;'Vvf nfu]/ kfgLsf] xfxfsf/ dlRrG5 .ls/ftLxf]ªdf ltvf{n] Aofs'n x'Fb} a'S6f]ªdf k'gM k|j]z u5{ .gfªt'KdL p8]/ ls/ftLxf]ªdfsf] 5]pdf a:5 .

tfªt'KdL M -ljGtLub}{_ xf]ªdf, x]Gvfdf e/L kfgL vf]hL ;s], t/ cxF, sxLF klgkfgL e]l6g . ca, s] u/f}F xf]ªdf <

ls/ftLxf]ªdfM tfªt'KdL, ltdL t dxftDdf e/L 8'N5f} . To;}n] ltdLnfO{ kfgLkfOg] ;a} 7fpF yfxf x'G5 . d]/f] nflu kfgL vf]Hbf–vf]Hbf ltdLn]w]/} b'Mv kfof} . t} klg Ps kN6 km]l/ kfgL vf]h]/ Nofpg x},tfªt'KdL . ;f/} ltvf{ nfUof] .

tfªt'KdL M xf]ªdf, dxftDdfdf ;a} ;'Vvf 5 . st} klg kfgL 5}g . To} klgxh'/sf] jrg sf6\g' ;lSbg . ca, km]l/ klg xh'/sf] nflu kfgLvf]Hg' hfG5' .

ls/ftLxf]ªdfM n===n . /fd|/L hfpm x}, tfªt'KdL . clg, cfÇgf] klg /fd|f] Vofnug'{ lg ¤

tfªt'KdL M xj;\, xf]ªdf .tfªt'KdL p8]/ kfgL vf]Hg hfG5 .

ls/ftLxf]ªdfM -crDd x'Fb}_ cfh, crfgs x]Gvfdf k'/} phf8 eof] . x]Gvfdfdfhtftt} kfgLsf] xfxfsf/ 5 . ca, o; x]Gvfdfsf] hLjhGt'x¿klg ;a} dg]{ eof] . x] ls/ft]Zj/===.

tfªt'KdL M -p8]/ cfpFb}_ xf]ªdf===xf]ªdf -dxftDdf lt/ b]vfpFb}_ pm===ToxfFdxftDdfsf] lsgf/df gfrLxf]ªsf] kftdf cln slt kfgL 5, ToxLFkfgL NofpmF, xf]ªdf <

ls/ftLxf]ªdfM n===n, Nofpm–Nofpm tfªt'KdL . ltvf{n] dg]{ a]nf eO{;Sof] .a¿, l5§} Nofpm, Tof] kfgL .

tfªt'KdL M xj;\, xf]ªdf . -p8]/ hfG5 ._ls/ftLxf]ªdfM -tfªt'KdL uP lt/ x]b}{_ of] tfªt'KdL klg slt ;f]emf] 5 . d}n] h]

eGof], ToxLF dfG5 . slxn] klg l/;fpFb}g, a¿ ;w}+ d]/f] kl5nflu/xG5 . -tfªt'KdL p8]/ cfpF5 ._ clg, tfªt'KdL kfgL Nofof} t <

tfªt'KdL M hLpm, xf]ªdf . -kfgL lbFb}_ oL kfgL lng'xf];\, xf]ªdf .



ls/ftLxf]ªdfM -kfgL ;dfpFb}_ cfnfªg]=== cfnfªg], tfªt'KdL . -kfgL vfO{ ;s]kl5_cF===aNn kfgLsf] ltvf{ d¥of] . ca t d]/f] z/L/df klg kfgLsf]lr;f] ;// k¥of] .crfgs x]Gvfdfdf kfgL lrklrkfpg' yfN5 .¿vla¿jfx¿ klxnf em}F xl/ofnL x'G5 .

tfªt'KdL M -crDd dfGb}_ xf]ªdf, xf]ªdf . km]l/, x]Gvfdf klxnfsf] h:t} x/fe/f x'Fb}}5 .

ls/ftLxf]ªdfM -crDd dfGb}_ To} t, of] s] crDd eof] . clxn];Dd x]Gvfdfdfk'/} phf8 lyof] . km]l/, clxn] klxnfem}F x]Gvfdfdf x/fe/f eof] .dxftDdfdf klg kfgL aUg' yfNof] . af]6la¿jfdf klg xl/of] d'gfknfof] . nf}, cfh crDd} eof] . -crfgs k]6 ;dfpFb}_ cfOof===˜˜˜

tfªt'KdL M -cflQGb}_ s] eof] xf]ªdf, tkfO{+nfO{ <ls/ftLxf]ªdfM v}, tfªt'KdL, crfgs dnfO{ s] eof] < k]6 kf] b'v]/ cfof] . nf}g,

dnfO{ ;~rf] ePg .6fpsf]df ;]tf] km]6f u'y]/ To; dfly bf]nf] nufPsf] Ps ls/ftLbf]jf u'n]nL 6]Sb} k|j]z u5{ .

tfªt'KdL M -ls/ftLxf]ªdfsf] 5]pdf hfFb}_ xf]ªdf===xf]ªdf, pm===̃ ˜˜ sf] cfof] <ls/ftLxf]ªdfM -crDd dfGb}_ sf] xf] tkfO{+ < clg, lsg oxfF cfpg' ePsf] <bf]jf M -gd:sf/ ub}{_ ;]jf ¤ls/ftLxf]ªdfM -gd:sf/ kmsf{pFb}_ ;]jf ¤bf]jf M d ls/ftL bf]jf x'F . x]Gvfdfdf 3'Db} cfpFbf tkfO{+x¿nfO{ b]v]/,

cfkmGt h:tf] nfUof], To;}n] oxfF cfPF .ls/ftLxf]ªdfM P===¤ tkfO{+ ls/ftL bf]jf < To;f] eP, tkfO{+n] df]ª klg /]Kbfpg' x'G5

<bf]jf M h]pm, xf]ªdf .ls/ftLxf]ªdfM P, To;f] eP tkfO{+ t bf]jf kf] x'g'x'Fbf] /x]5 . 9'·f vf]Hbf b]pt}

ldNof] . d lj/fdL eP/ s] u/f}F, s] u/f}F . eO/x]sf] lyPF . tkfO{+cfO{k'Ug' eof] . cF To;f] eP, dnfO{ pKsf/ ul/lbg'xf];\ g t, bf]jf .

bf]jf M x'G5, pKsf/ u/f}Fnf . t/, klxnf of/L x]/]/ dfq . cF, v} Nofpg'xf];\t, of/L x]g]{ yfndf dfs'd .

ls/ftLxf]ªdfM -sfF;]yfndf dfs'd lb+b}_ oL lng'xf];\, of/L x]g]{ dfs'd .bf]jf M -yfn ;dfpFb}_ cfnfªg], xf]ªdf .

bf]jfn] dfs'dnfO{ v'6fP/ w]/} a]/ of/L x]/L;s]kl5 nfdf] ;f; tfG5 .ls/ftLxf]ªdfM -pT;'stf ;lxt_ bf]jf bLKkf, dnfO{ s] ePsf] /}’5 <

k|jL0f k'df M 34


bf]jf M tkfO{+ t, a'v'GbLdf x'g' ePsf] 5 .ls/ftLxf]ªdfM -cfZro{ dfGb}_ tkfO{+ of] s] eGb} x'g'x'G5 < tkfO{+ xf];df t x'g'x'G5

< Ps claaflxt dlxnfnfO{ a'v'GbLdf 5 eGg', tkfO{+nfO{ nfhnfUb}g < -bfx|f ls6\b}_ x]g'{xf];\, c¿ ePsf] eP, 5f]8\g] lyOg . t/,tkfO{+ t bf]jf kg'{ eof], To;}n] PskN6sf] nflu 5'6 eof] . km]l/,klg o:tf] ckljq s'/f af]Ng' eof] eg], /fd|f] x'g] 5}g .

bf]jf M -lg/f; x'Fb}_ xf]ªdf, ca d}n] t æof/Ldf h:tf] b]v]F, To:t} eg]Æ ca,tkfO{+nfO{ d]/f] of/L k|lt ljZjf; nfUb}g eg], tkfO{Fsf] cfÇgf] k]6cfkm}F 5fDg'xf];\ g . cfkm}F yfxf kfOxfNg' x'G5 lg ¤ls/ftLxf]ªdfn] cfÇgf] k]6 5fDbf a'v'GbLdf ePsf] dx;'; u5{ .

ls/ftLxf]ªdfM -x/]z vfFb}_ x] ls/ft]Zj/===dnfO{ s] bzf cfO{ nfUof] ¤ -k|z+uabNb}_ t/, d}n] t s'g} klg k/ k'¿if;Fu ;xjf; u/]sf] 5'O{g . To}klg d s;/L a'v'GbLdf ePF < crDd} kf] eof] t .

bf]jf M xf]ªdf, ca tkfO{+n] crDd dfGg' kb}{g lsgsL, klxnf tkfO{+nfO{ls/ftLxf]ªn] laafxsf] k|:tfj /fv]sf] lyP5 . t/, tkfO{+n]ls/ftLxf]ªsf] pQm laafxsf] k|:tfjnfO{ 7f8} c:jLsf/ ug'{ eP5 .t;y{, cfkm"nfO{ ckdfg ePsf] ;DemL ls/ftLxf]ªn] x]Gvfdfdf k"/};'sfP/ gfrLxf]ªsf kftdf cfÇgf] jLo{ :jvng u/L ;'Vvf dxftDdfsf]lsgf/df /fv]sf] lyP5 . ToxLF ls/ftLxf]ªsf] jLo{nfO{ g} kfgL eg]/vfg' eP5 . ca, Tof] ls/ftLxf]ªsf] jLo{ tkfO{+sf] k]6df uP/a:of], clg tkfO{ a'v'GbLdf x'g' eof] .

ls/ftLxf]ªdfM x] ls/ft]Zj/ ¤ dnfO{ s] cfkt cfO{ k¥of] < km]l/, d}n] To;ls/ftLxf]ªsf] s] lauf/ u/]sf] lyPF / To; ls/ftLxf]ªn] dnfO{em'SsfP/ a'v'GbLdf agfof] < ca, o; x]Gvfdfdf s'g d'v b]vfP/lx8f}F < nfv];, To; ls/ftLxf]ªnfO{ e]6f}F dfq} g, To;kl5 d}n]hfg]sf] 5' .

bf]jf M -;DemfpFb}_ xf]ªdf, ca h] gx'g' lyof], Tof] eO{ ;Sof] . ca, To;dfljjfb u/]/ emg ;d:of a9fpg' eGbf t, To; ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgsf]af6f] vf]Hg' g} /fd|f] xf]nf, xf]Og / <

ls/ftLxf]ªdfM -k|ltk|Zg ub}{_ tkfO{+n] eGg' ePsf] s'/f klg l7s} xf] . t/, olbtkfO{+ d]/f] 7fpFdf /xg'ePsf] eP, tkfO{+ s] ug'{ x'GYof] < PskN6tkfO{+ d]/f] 7fpFdf a;]/ ;f]Rg'xf];\ t <

bf]jf M -;fnLg d'b|fdf_ xf]ªdf, dnfO{ yfxf 5 ls, ‘tkfO{+ cGofodf kg'{ePsf] 5’ eg]/ . To} klg To;df ;Demf}tf u/]/ hfFbf s;f]



xf]nf < km]l/, of] x]Gvfdf el/ tkfO{+x¿s} zfvf ;Gtfgx¿n]9flsg]5 . Tof] klg t uj{{ s} s'/f xf] lg ¤ xf]Og / <

ls/ftLxf]ªdfM tkfO{+sf] s'/f klg l7s} xf] . t/, To:tf] s'/f ef]Ug]nfO{ dfq yfxf x'G5 .bf]jf M To;f] eP, s] u/f}F t <ls/ftLxf]ªdfM To} t, s] u/f}F <bf]jf M -;DemfpFb}_ xf]ªdf, olb d]/f] ;Nnfx dfGg' x'G5 eg], Tof] ls/ftLxf]ª

dfly===˜˜˜ rf]df]n'ªdfsf] 5]pdf cjl:yt ;fNkf kf]v/Ldf uP/kfgL d'lg d:t lgFbfpg' ePsf] 5 . pxfFnfO{ xfdLn] hlt p7fpFbfklg p7\g' x'Gg . t;y{, oxfFaf6 ufjfnfO{ nu]/ d:t lgbfO{/xg'ePsf] ls/ftLxf]ªsf] sfgdf 6f]Sg' nufpFg' k5{ . ufjfn] Tof]ls/ftLxf]ªsf] sfg 6f]sL lbPkl5 pxfF Ao"Femg' x'G5 . To;kl5tkfO{x¿ Ps–cfk;df laafx ul/ 3/hd u/]/ oxLF x]Gvfdfdf g}a:g'xf];\ g, x'Fb}g <

ls/ftLxf]ªdfM -:jLsf/f]lQmdf_ ca, o; x]Gvfdfdf ;w}F Psn} a:g' eGbf t, ToxLFls/ftLxf]ª;Fu ljjfx ul/ b'Mv, ;'v u/]/ 3/hd u/L a:g' /fd|f]xf]nf . ca, d]/f] k]6df ePsf] Tof] ls/ftLxf]ªsf] gf;f]nfO{ klgo; x]Gvfdfdf hGd lbP/ x'sf{pg' k¥of] . o; x]Gvfdf e/L d]/f]zfvf ;GQfg km}nfpg' k¥of] .

bf]jf M xf]ªdf, olb tkfO{+ d]/f] k|:tfjdf /fhL x'g'x'G5 eg], clxn]g} Tof]ls/ftLxf]ªnfO{ e]6]/ s'/f ug'{ ;fNkf kf]v/L hfcf}F, d klg tkfO{+x¿nfO{;fyL lbG5' .

ls/ftLxf]ªdfM x'G5 . -tfªt'KdLnfO{ c¥xfpFb}_ tfªt'KdL, hfpm ufjfnfO{ af]nfP/Nofpt <

tfªt'KdL M xj;\, xf]ªdf . -ufjfnfO{ lng' hfG5 ._ls/ftLxf]ªdfM bf]jf, olb Tof] ls/ftLxf]ªn] xfd|f] k|:tfjnfO{ c:jLsf/ u¥of] eg] lg ¤bf]jf M -ljZjf; lbnfpFb}_ xf]ªdf, Tof] ls/ftLxf]ªsf] af/]df tkfO{+n] lrGtf

g} glng'xf];\ . ;a} s'/f d ldnfO{ xfN5' lg ¤tfªt'KdL ufjfnfO{ lnP/ k|j]z u5{ .

tfªt'KdL M -ufjf lbFb}_ xf]ªdf, oL ufjf .ls/ftLxf]ªdfM -ufjfnfO{ ;dfpFb}_ cfnfªg]===cfnfªg], tfªt'KdL . ca ufjf, xfdL

;fNkf kf]v/L uP/ d:t lgbfO{ /x]sf] ls/ftLxf]ªnfO{ p7fpg' k5{ .To;sf] nflu ufjf, ltdLn] To; ls/ftLxf]ªsf] sfgdf 6f]sL lbg' .To; kl5 Tof] ls/ftLxf]ª Ao"Femg' x'G5 . To;kl5 Tof] ls/ftLxf]ªnfO{lnP/ x]Gvfdfdf cfP/ a:g' k5{, a'‰of} ufjf . cF clg, k|foM ltdL

k|jL0f k'df M 36

kfgLdf a:5f}, x]Gvfdfdf dfq} lx+8\bf ltdLnfO{ ;'Vvf nfU5 xf]nf .t;y{, d ltdLnfO{ ;f]nf]Gjfn] yf]SbfpFb} lr;f] kf/]/ nfG5', n lxF8 .ca, hfpmF ;fNkf kf]v/L .

bf]jf M n===n . n lx+8, hfpF===hfpF===;fNkf kf]v/L .bf]jfn] af6f] b]vfpFb} cufl8 lxF8\5 .ls/ftLxf]ªdfn] ufjfnfO{ ;f]nf]Gjfn] yf]SbfpFb} cufl8 lx8fpF5 .tfªt'KdLn] ls/ftLxf]ªdfnfO{ kl5–kl5 k5\ofpF5 .k|sfz ljnog x'G5 .

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:yfg:yfg:yfg:yfg:yfg MMMMM ;fNkf kf]v/L;fNkf kf]v/L;fNkf kf]v/L;fNkf kf]v/L;fNkf kf]v/L;do;do;do;do;do MMMMM a ]n 'sfa ]n 'sfa ]n 'sfa ]n 'sfa ]n 'sfkfqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿ MMMMM ls/ftLxf]ª, ls/ftLxf]ªdf, bf]jf, tfªt'KdL, ufjf / cGols/ftLxf]ª, ls/ftLxf]ªdf, bf]jf, tfªt'KdL, ufjf / cGols/ftLxf]ª, ls/ftLxf]ªdf, bf]jf, tfªt'KdL, ufjf / cGols/ftLxf]ª, ls/ftLxf]ªdf, bf]jf, tfªt'KdL, ufjf / cGols/ftLxf]ª, ls/ftLxf]ªdf, bf]jf, tfªt'KdL, ufjf / cGo

jf;fx¿jf;fx¿jf;fx¿jf;fx¿jf;fx¿rf]df]n'ªdfsf] dgdf]xs b[Zo;Fu} hf]l8Psf] ;fNkf kf]v/Ldfls/ftLxf]ªdf, bf]jf, tfªt'KdL / ufjfsf] k|j]z x'G5 .rf]df]n'ªdf jl/k/L ljleGg k|sf/sf] jf;fx¿ lr/lj/fO{ /x]sf]x 'G5 .

bf]jf M -af6f] b]vfpFb}_ cfpg'xf];\, xf]ªdf . cfpg'xf];\ . -;fNkf kf]v/Llt/ b]vfpFb}_ olx+ xf] ;fNkf kf]v/L . oxLF ;fNkf kf]v/L leqls/ftLxf]ª d:t lgbfO/fVg' ePsf] 5 . xf]ªdf tkfO{ +n]ls/ftLxf]ªnfO{ b]Vg' eof], xf]ªdf <

ls/ftLxf]ªdf M -kf]v/Ldf x]l/;s]kl5_ cxF, b]lvg . sxfF ;'Tg' ePsf] 5 ls/ftLxf]ª,bf]jf <

bf]jf M -kf]v/Lsf] dfemdf b]vfpFb}_ pm===˜˜˜ ToxfF xf]ªdf . Tof] ;fNkfkf]v/Lsf] df===˜˜˜ emfdf b]Vg' eof], xf]ªdf <

ls/ftLxf]ªdf M -kf]v/Ldf lgofn]/ x]b}{_ P===˜˜˜ cF===cF===. b]v]+===b]v]+===. -ufjfkl§ kmls{P/_ ufjf, ltdLn] ls/ftLxf]ªnfO{ b]Vof} <

ufjf M -kf]v/Ldf x]l/;s]kl5_ h]pm, xf]ªdf . b]v]F===b]v]F .ls/ftLxf]ªdf M -ufjfnfO{ c·fnf]df lnP/ cfTdjn lb+b}_ n ufjf, ca dg alnof]

k|jL0f k'df M 38

kf/]/ ;fNkf kf]v/L leq k; . clg d}n] eg] em}F ls/ftLxf]ªsf]sfgdf 6f]lslbg' x} .

ufjf M xj;\, xf]ªdf . -xf]ªdfnfO{ 9f]u]/_ xf]ªdfsf] ho xf];\ . hols/ft===˜˜˜ufjfn] zlQm jn dfUb} x]Gvfdf / lggfDdfnfO{ 9f]uL;s]kl5;fNkf kf]v/L leq k:5 .

bf]jf M xf]ªdf, ufjfn] ls/ftLxf]ªsf] sfg 6f]s]kl5, ls/ftLxf]ª cjZoklg l/;fpg' x'G5 . To;a]nf xh'/n] cfÇgf] s'/f k|i6 /fVg' xf]nf .

ls/ftLxf]ªdf M x'G5, bf]jf . -z+sf JoQm ub}{_ t/ bf]jf, ls/ftLxf]ªn] dnfO{ljZjf; ug'{ ePg eg] lg ¤

bf]jf M To; s'/fdf tkfO{+ lrGQ} gug'{xf];\ g, xf]ªdf . Tof] ;a} s'/f dldnfO{xfN5' lg ¤ tkfO{+ 9'Ss x'g'xf];\, xf]ªdf .ls/ftLxf]ª cflQP/ ;fNkf kf]v/Lb]lv aflx/ lg:sG5 .

ls/ftLxf]ª M -cflQGb}_ cfO{of===˜˜˜ .ls/ftLxf]ªnfO{ pkl:yt ;a}n] ;]jf u5{ .

ls/ftLxf]ªdf M -;]jf ub}{_ ;]jf ¤, ls/ftLxf]ª .ls/ftLxf]ª M -sfg 5fDb} l/;fP/_ ;]jf===¤ ;]jf===¤¤ -otfplt x]b}{_ dg gkg]{

xf]ªsf] cufl8 km]l/ lsg b]vf k/]sf] <bf]jf M -cg'gog ub}{_ To;f] xf]Og, xf]ª . xf]ªdfn] t tkfO{+nfO{ g} dg

k/fpg' x'G5 . pxfFn] t tkfO{+nfO{ g} w]/} dfof ug'{x'G5 lg ¤ls/ftLxf]ª M t/ xf]ªdfn] t d]/f] ljjfxsf] k|:tfjnfO{ klxnf g} c:jLsf/

ul/;s]sf] 5 . km]l/, s;/L===ls/ftLxf]ªdf M -ls/ftLxf]ªsf] s'/f :jLsfb}{_ xf], xf]ª . Tof] a]nfsf] cj:yf

To:t} cK7\of/f] lyof] . To;}n] Tof] a]nf tkfO{sf] laafxsf] k|:tfjnfO{d}n] c:jLsf/ u/]sf] x'F . t/ clxn] d tkfO{+nfO{ dg k/fpF5' .d tkfO{+nfO{ w]/} dfof u5'{ . km]l/, of] d]/f] k]6df tkfO{+sf] ue{klg al;;s]sf] 5 . t;y{, d tkfO{+;Fu ljjfx ul/ 3/hda;fpg' rfxfG5' . clg, of] d]/f] k]6df ePsf] tkfO{+sf] gf;f]nfO{of] x]Gvfdfdf hGd lbg' rfxfG5' .

ls/ftLxf]ª M xf]ªdf, ca ltdL d;Fu ljjfx u/]/ 3/hd ug'{ /fhL 5f} eg], l7s}5 . ljjfx u/]/ 3/hd u/]/ ;Fu} a;fpFnf . Tof] ltd|f] k]6dfePsf] d]/f] gf;f]nfO{ klg oxLF x]Gvfdfdf g} hGd lbpFnf . t/,




klxnf h:tf] dnfO{ em'Ssfpg' rflxF kfOGb}g lg ¤ls/ftLxf]ªdf M x'G5, xf]ª . d jrgsf] kSsf kfngf u5'{ . of] d]/f] sGgL ls/] eof] .

ls/ftLxf]ªdfn] ls/ftLxf]ªsf] 5ftLdf 6fpsf] c8\ofpF5 .TolxF a]nf ;]t} lxpF k/]/ jftfj/0f /d/0fLo x'G5 .ls/ftLxf]ª / ls/ftLxf]ªdfsf] jl/k/L bf]jf, ufjf, tfªt'KdL nufotcGo ljleGg k|sf/sf] jf;fx¿ /dfpFb} gfRg' yfN5 .bf]jf, ufjf, tfªt'KdL nufot cGo ljleGg k|sf/sf] jf;fx¿sf]pkl:yltdf ls/ftLxf]ª / ls/ftLxf]ªdfsf] ljjfx ;DkGg x'G5 .

bf]jf M -ls/ftLxf]ª / ls/ftLxf]ªdfnfO{ x]/]/_ xf]ªdf, ca, t tkfO{+x¿sf] ljjfxklg ;DkGg eO{ ;Sof] . ca, t xfdL xfd| } o'ªvf lt/ hfpmF, x}g <

ls/ftLxf]ªdf M -bf]jfsf] s'/f :jLsfb}{_ x'G5, bf]jf . ca, xfdL xfd|} o'ªvf lt/kms{g' k5{ . -ls/ftLxf]ª kl§ kms]{/_ ls/ftLxf]ª, ca xfdL xfd|}o'ªvf lt/ kmsf}{+ x}g / <

ls/ftLxf]ª M -ls/ftLxf]ªdfsf] s'/f :jLsfb}{_ x'G5, xf]ªdf .ls/ftLxf]ªdf M -bf]jf kl§ kmls{P/_ bf]jf, tfªt'KdL, ufjf n' lx+8 . hfpFm, ca,

xfd|} o'ªvf .;a}hgf M -ls/ftLxf]ªdfsf] s'/f :jLsfb}{_ xj;\, xf]ªdf . n' hfpmF, hfpmF .

ls/ftLxf]ª / ls/ftLxf]ªdfsf] cfÇg} o'ªvf lt/ ;a}hgf kmls{G5 .ls/ftLxf]ª, ls/ftLxf]ªdf, bf]jf, tfªt'KdL / ufjfnfO{ jf;fx¿n]ljbfO{ ul/lbG5 .k|sfz ljnog x'G5 .

-kbf { v:5 ._-kbf { v:5 ._-kbf { v:5 ._-kbf { v:5 ._-kbf { v:5 ._

k|jL0f k'df M 40

rf}+yf] b[Zorf}+yf] b[Zorf}+yf] b[Zorf}+yf] b[Zorf}+yf] b[Zo

:yfg:yfg:yfg:yfg:yfg MMMMM dxftDdf lsgf/sf] a'S6f]ªdxftDdf lsgf/sf] a'S6f]ªdxftDdf lsgf/sf] a'S6f]ªdxftDdf lsgf/sf] a'S6f]ªdxftDdf lsgf/sf] a'S6f]ª;do;do;do;do;do MMMMM a ]n 'sfa ]n 'sfa ]n 'sfa ]n 'sfa ]n 'sfkfqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿ MMMMM ls/ftLxf]ª, ls/ftLxf]ªdf, rfKrfxf]ª, jfGkfxf]ª / xf]ª5fls/ftLxf]ª, ls/ftLxf]ªdf, rfKrfxf]ª, jfGkfxf]ª / xf]ª5fls/ftLxf]ª, ls/ftLxf]ªdf, rfKrfxf]ª, jfGkfxf]ª / xf]ª5fls/ftLxf]ª, ls/ftLxf]ªdf, rfKrfxf]ª, jfGkfxf]ª / xf]ª5fls/ftLxf]ª, ls/ftLxf]ªdf, rfKrfxf]ª, jfGkfxf]ª / xf]ª5f

ls/ftLxf]ªdf emf]lqmP/ al;/x]sf] x'G5 .rfKrfxf]ª / jfGkfxf]ª cfdfsf] sfvdf n'6'k'6' ub}{ v]ln/x]sf] x'G5 .

ls/ftLxf]ªdf M -dgf]jfb_ of] a'9f];Fu laafx u/]/ a;]sf] klg ca t w]/} jif{eof] . pxfFn] dnfO{ slt w]/} dfof ug{x'G5, slt w]/} ljZjf; ug'{x'G5 . km]l/, x]bf{ a'9f] eP klg Jojxf/df rflxF hjfgLg} x'g'x'G5 .ca, ;ls g;sL eP klg h·naf6 l;sf/ df/]/ NofpFg' x'G5 .Tof] lzsf/nfO{ sf6s'6 kf/L ksfP/ xfdL ;a}nfO{ v'jfpg' x'G5 .

ls/ftLxf]ª M -l;sf/ af]s]/ NofpFb}_ xf]ªdf===, P===xf]ªdf .ls/ftLxf]ªdf M h]pm===-ls/ftLxf]ªdfsf] 5]pdf hfFb}_ P===,tkfO{+ cfO{ k'Ug' eof] <ls/ftLxf]ª M cF===cfO{ k'u]+ t . -l;sf/ lb+b}_ oL lzsf/, xf]ªdf .ls/ftLxf]ªdf M -l;sf/ ;dfpFb}_ cfnfªg]===cfnfªg] .ls/ftLxf]ª M cF, clg xfd|f] gfgLx¿ vf]O t <ls/ftLxf]ªdf M pm k/===v]Nb}5 .ls/ftLxf]ª M P===¤ clg, ltdLnfO{ clxn] s:tf] 5 lg <ls/ftLxf]ªdf M cF, dnfO{ l7s} 5 . clg, cfh tkfO{+ s;f] ubf{ l5§} 3/ cfpg'

eof] lg ¤ls/ftLxf]ª M -5f]/fx¿ lt/ b]vfpFb}_ ca, oL of] xfd|f] gfgLx¿ ;fg} 5, ltgLx¿sf]




km]l/ e/ g} 5}g . clg, km]l/ ltdL a'v'GbLdf 5f} . ca, t ltd|f]nflu eP klg t, 3/ l5§} cfpg' k¥of] lg ¤ x}g / <

ls/ftLxf]ªdf M -5ftLdf 6fpsf] /fVb}_ tkfO{+n] dnfO{ slt w]/} dfof ug'{ x'G5, x} <ls/ftLxf]ª M cF===, ltdLn] klg t dnfO{ w]/} ljZjf; u5f}{ lg ¤ km]l/, xfdL t

nf]Ug]–:jf:gL xf}F . ca, nf]Ug]–:jf:gL ePkl5 t Ps–cfk;df;'v–b'Mv ;f6f–;f6 ub}{ dfof / ljZjf; t u/f–u/ ug}{ t, k¥of]lg ¤ -k|;+u abNb}_ cF, cfh ltd|f] xftn] l;sf/ agfP/ gfgLx¿nfO{lbg' . clg, ltdL klg vfg', d cfh clns yfs]sf] 5' . To;}n]Ps} l5g d cf/fd u5'{ .

ls/ftLxf]ªdf M xj;\===¤ cF, ot} Hofªs'dfdf cf/fd ug'{xf]; .ls/ftLxf]ªdfn] ls/ftLxf]ªnfO{ Hofªs'dfdf ;'tfP/ l;sf/ 6'qmfpg' yfN5 .rfKrfxf]ª / jfGkfxf]ª cf’kfsf] z/L/df em'08LGb} v]N5 .

ls/ftLxf]ª M gfgL ¤ cfh d w]/} yfs]sf] 5' . ltdLx¿ rsrs gu/L j; t,d Ps} l5g cf/fd u5'{ .

rfKrfxf]ª M cf’kf===cf’kf, xfdLnfO{ klg wg'jf0f xfGg' l;sfO{ lbg'xf];\ g .xfdL klg tkfO{n] h:t} l;sf/ df/]/ NofpF5f}+ .ls/ftLxf]ªdfn] 5f]/fx¿nfO{ x]/]/ d';'Ss xfF:5 .

ls/ftLxf]ª M n===n, d ltdLx¿nfO{ wg'jf0f xfGg dfq x}g, l;sf/ v]Ng' klgl;sfpF5' . n, ca rflx+ rsrs gu/L a; .

ls/ftLxf]ªdf M -crfgs k]6 5fDb}_ cfOof===cfOof===d/]+===d/]+ .ls/ftLxf]ª M -cflQb}_ xf]ªdf, s] eof] ltdLnfO{ < s] eof] <

ls/ftLxf]ªn] ls/ftLxf]ªdfnfO{ sfvdf lnG5 .rfKrfxf]ª / jfGkfxf]ª 5Ss k/]]/ cfdfnfO{ x]l//xG5 .

ls/ftLxf]ªdf M -kL8fdf 56\k6fpFb}_ cfOof===cfOof===d/]+===d/]+ . -lrRofpFb}_cfOof===˜˜˜ls/ftLxf]ªdfn] aRrf hGdfpF5 .

aRrf M -aRrf ¿G5 ._ p===xfF===p===xfF===ls/ftLxf]ª M -lggfDdfnfO{ 9f]Ub}_ x] ls/ft]Zj/ ¤ xh'/sf] s[kfn] xfdLnfO{ csf]{

klg ;Gtfg nfe eof] . xh'/sf] ho xf];\ .ls/ftLxf]ª / ls/ftLxf]ªdfn] aRrfnfO{ kfgLn] ;kmf kf/L;s]kl5 aRrf 3fdnfO{ b]vfpF5 .ls/ftLxf]ªdfn] aRrfnfO{ b'w v'jfO{;s]kl5 rfKrfxf]ªnfO{ em}F sf]ª7f]sdf

k|jL0f k'df M 42


;'tfpF5 . t/, aRrf emg ¿G5 . To;kl5 jfGkfxf]ªnfO{ em}F cf8f]/ /df6f]sf] w'nf]df aRrfnfO{ cfdfn] ;'tfpFbf aRrf emg\ ¿G5 .

ls/ftLxf]ªdf M -aRrf af]s]/ ls/ftLxf]ªsf] 5]pdf hfFb}_ x]g'{xf];\ g, of] gfgLnfO{hxfF ;'tfP klg /f]Psf], /f]Ps} u5{ . nf} g, of] gfgLnfO{ s] kf]eof] ls, Sofxf] <

ls/ftLxf]ª M -aRrf ;'Tg] 7fpF ;kmf agfpFb}_ xf]ªdf, vf]O{ gfgL dnfO{ b]p t .d gfgLnfO{ kmsfP/ ;'tfpF5' . -;kmf vfS;L w'ªbf] gfgLnfO{;'tfpFb}_ xf]ªdf, of] gfgLnfO{ rfKrfxf]ª / jfGkfxf]ªnfO{ h:t}sf]ª7f]s, a'S6f]ª / w'nf] df6f]df ;'tfP/ klg st} ;'T5 t < pmt xfdL h:t} xf]ª5f xf] . t;y{ p;nfO{ t /fd|f] :ofxf/–;;';f/u/]/ ;kmf vfS;L w'ªwf] ;'tfPkl5 dfq ;'T5 .xf]ª5f xfF:b} v]Ng' yfN5 .ls/ftLxf]ª–ls/ftLxf]ªdf v';L x'Fb} xf]ª5fnfO{ x]/L/xG5 .xf]ª5f hGdLPsf] pknIfdf ;a} hgfdf v';LofnL 5fpF5 .TolxF a]nf crfgs lggfDdf u8u8fP/ x'/Latf; rNb} lah'nLrlDsG5 .xf]ª5f sflnP/ ¿G5 .

ls/ftLxf]ªdf M -xf]ª5fnfO{ 5ftLdf /fVb}_ /f]uf]===/f]uf]===Ro's===Ro's===gfdw'ªkfnfjf tfP===˜˜˜ tfP===˜˜˜

ls/ftLxf]ª M -;a}nfO{ c·fnf]df e]nf kfb}{{_ Ro's===Ro's===Ro's===/f]uf]===/f]uf]===/f]uf]===.s]xL If0f kl5 jftfj/0f zfGt x'G5 .

ls/ftLxf]ªdf M -xf]ª5fnfO{ 5ftLdf Rofk]/ 8/fpFb}_ nf} g, cfh crfgs lsgo;/L lggfDdf xNnLof] <

ls/ftLxf]ª M -ls/ftLxf]ªdfsf] s'/f :jLsfb{}_ To} t . cfh crfgs lsglggfDdf xNnLof] < -dgf]jfbdf_ ;fob, ;'lDgdfn] dnfO{ lggfDdfdfcflQP/ ¿Fb} vf]hL/x]sf] xf]nf . ca t, ;'lDgdfnfO{ lggfDdfdfPSn} 5f]8]/ d x]Gvfdfdf cfPsf] klg jiff}{F eO{;Sof] . To;}n] d;'lDgdf;Fu} gx'Fbf ;'lDgdf w]/} cflQPsf] xf]nf . -k|z+u kl/jt{gub{}_ km]l/, ca t xf]ªdf PSn}n] klg xfd|f] gfgLx¿nfO{ of] x]Gvfdfdfx'sf{pg' ;S5 . To;}n] d rflxF xf]ªdf;Fu lgx'F vf]h]/ lggfDdflt/ g} kms{g' k¥of] .


ls/ftLxf]ªdf M -emsemsfpFb}_ tkfO{+nfO{ s] eof] <ls/ftLxf]ª M -;dfln+b}_ xF, dnfO{ s] eof] < s]lx klg ePsf] 5}g .ls/ftLxf]ªdf M clg, lsg Psf]xf]/L /xg' ePsf] t <ls/ftLxf]ª M x}g, Tolts} . cfh lggfDdf xNnLof], To;}n] .ls/ftLxf]ªdf M c, cr]n xh'/sf] rfnfdfnf a'‰b} 5' lg ¤ o:t} rfnfdfnf xf] eg],

5'l§P/ a:g' knf{ lg ¤ls/ftLxf]ª M l7s} 5 . ca, 5'l§P/ g} a:g] ltd|f] OR5f 5 eg], d s] eGg' ;S5' / <ls/ftLxf]ªdf M -cfa];df_ s] eGg' eof] < s] eGg' eof] < km]l/, eGg'xf]; t <

5'l§P/ a:g] /] <ls/ftLxf]ª M clg, s] t lg ¤ ;w}+ emu8f ub}{ Ps 7fpFdf a:g' eGbf t, 5'l§P/

a:g' g} /fd|f] x'G5 .ls/ftLxf]ªdf M P ¤ To;f] kf] ¤ To;} xf] eg], tkfO{+ clxn] g} 5'l§P/ oxfFaf6

lg:sLxfNg'xf];\ .ls/ftLxf]ª M xf]ªdf, ltdL ;'Ts]/L 5f} . o:tf] cj:yfdf ltdLnfO{ PSn} 5f8]/

d sxfF hfpF <ls/ftLxf]ªdf M hxfF ;'s} hfg'xf];\, dnfO{ s] sf] dtnj . hxfF hfg' dg nfU5,

TolxF hfg'xf];\ . clg, d]/f] af/]df s] sf] rf;f] <ls/ftLxf]ª M t/ xf]ªdf, ltdLnfO{ rf;f] geP klg ltd|f] af/]df dnfO{ rf;f]

5 . km]l/, ltdL clxn] ;'Ts]/L 5f} . o:tf] cj:yfdf ltdLnfO{5f]8]/ d sxfF hfpF <

ls/ftLxf]ªdf M d ;'Ts]/L xf}F ls gxf}F, tkfO{FnfO{ s] sf] rf;f] < d}n] cl3 g}elg;s] ca d tkfO{F;Fu Psl5g klg a:g' ;lSbg . -3/sf] ;a}wg–;DklQ b'O{ efu nufpFb}_ of] 3/df clxn];Dd ePsf] wg–;DklQ, rf}kfo a:t', kz'k+lIfx¿ ;a} j/fj/L efu nufPsf] 5' .n', ca /f]hL tkfO{+sf] efu nu]/, of] 3/af6 clxn] g} lgl:sP/hfg'xf];\ .

ls/ftLxf]ª M -l/;n] hl·b}_ n l7s 5 . ca, ltdLn] of] 3/af6 lgl:sP/ hfpeG5f} eg], d]/f] eGg' s]lx 5}g . -cfÇgf] c+z nfFb}_ d klg d]/f]c+z lnP/ clxn] g} hfG5' .ls/ftLxf]ªn] cfÇgf] efusf] c+zx¿ ;a} nu]/ h·ndf 5f]l8lbG5 .ls/ftLxf]ªdfn] cfÇgf] efusf] c+zx¿ e]nf kfb}{ ls/ftLxf]ª uPlt/ Psf]xf]/f] x]l//xG5 .


k|jL0f k'df M 44

rfRrfxf]ª / jfGkfxf]ª 5Ss k/]/ x]l//xG5 .ls/ftLxf]ªdf M -dgf]jfb_ of] 3/af6 lgsfn]sf]df ;fob ls/ftLxf]ªn] lrQ b'vfof]

xf]nf . t/, s] ug'{ < of] ;+;f/ rnfpg'sf] nflu eP klgkf¿xf]ªnfO{ lggfDdfdf k7fpg} k5{ . ;w}F d}n] of] x]GvfdfdfcndnfP/ /fVg' klg ePg lg ¤ km]l/, x]Gvfdfdf ls/ftL af]AaLa;fpg'sf] nflu ls/ftLxf]ªdfsf] e]ifdf lggfDdf 5f]8]/ d klgx]Gvfdfdf cfPsf] klg jif}{F ePsf] 5 . ca, clxn] lggfDdfdfsf]lx klg 5}g . t;y{, kf¿xf]ªnfO{ lggfDdfdf k7fpg' s} nflueP klg clns v/f] t x'g} k¥of] lg ¤ ca, klxnf klg kf¿xf]ªn]dnfO{ 5SsfP/ lggfDdfaf6 x]Gvfdfdf PSn} cfof] . km]l/,x]Gvfdfdf klg em'SsfP/ p;sf] jLo{ v'jfP/ dnfO{ a'v'GbLdfagfof] . ca, clxn] klg dnfO{ b+UofP/ lggfDdfdf uPsf] 5 .ca, x]/f}F g lggfDdfdf kf¿xf]ª sf];Fu a:bf] /x]5 . d]/f] klgzlQm kf¿xf]ªn] yfxf kfcf];\ g .lggfDdf u8\u8fP/ x'/Latf; ;lxt lah'nL rlDsb} kfgL k5{ .ls/ftLxf]ª kfgLdf n'y|'Ss leHb} k|j]z u5{ .

ls/ftLxf]ª M -dfkmL dfUb}_ ;'lDgdf, d}n] ltdLnfO{ 7"nf] cGofo u/]F x} . dnfO{dfkm ul/lbg' x} .

ls/ftLxf]ªdf M -l/;fpFb}_ sf] ;'lDgdf < dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . d t o; x]Gvfdfsf]ls/ftLxf]ªdf x'F .

ls/ftLxf]ª M -cg'gog ub}{_ ;'lDgdf, o; x]Gvfdfdf ls/ftL af]AaL a;fpg'sf]nflu d}n] ltdLnfO{ yfx} glbO{ lggfDdfdf PSn} 5f]8]/ cfPsf]lyPF . t/ ltdL t ls/ftLxf]ªdfsf] e]ifdf klxNo} cfP/ d;Fuljjfxul/ 3/hd u/]/ a;]sf] /x]5f} . t/ ltd|f] Tof] zlQm d}n]yfx} kfOg .

ls/ftLxf]ªdf M -l/;fpFb}_ km]l/, lsg kmls{P/ cfpg' eof] <ls/ftLxf]ª M -cg'gog ub}{_ ;'lDgdf, d ltdLnfO{ g} lng'sf] nflu oxfF cfPsf]

x'F . lxF8 hfpF, lggfDdfdf . x]/, clxn] lggfDdfdf sf]lx klg5}g .

ls/ftLxf]ªdf M -c:jLsf/ ub}{_ cxF ¤ xfd|f] gfgLx¿ ;fgf] x'Gh]n d t, of]gfgLx¿nfO{ 5f]8]/ sxLF klg hfGg .

ls/ftLxf]ª M To;f] geg, ;'lDgdf . d ltdLnfO{ gnuL s'g d'v lnP/ lggfDdfdf



hfpF <ls/ftLxf]ªdf M kf¿xf]ª, of] gfgLx¿ gx'ls{Gh]n d st} klg hfGg . of] gfgLx¿

x'ls{Pkl5 d kl5, cfpFnf .ls/ftLxf]ª M To;f] eP, xfd|f ] gfgLx¿ x'ls{Pkl5 t ltdL d;Fu lggfDdf

hfG5f} lg ¤ls/ftLxf]ªdf M cF, hfpFnf . t/ clxn] xf]Og, kl5 xfd|f] gfgLx¿ x'ls{Pkl5 .

of] d]/f] sGgL ls/ eof] .ls/ftLxf]ª M ;'lDgdf===.ls/ftLxf]ªdf M kf¿xf]ª, tkfO{+ clxn] lrQ gb'vfO{ lggfDdfdf hfg'xf];\ . clg,

dnfO{ kl5 lng' cfpg'xf];\ . To;kl5 d klg tkfO{+;Fu} hfpFnf .clxn] tkfO{+ lggfDdf uP/ ls/ftL /fHo /fd|f] ;~rfng ub}{ ug'{xf];\ .;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ª Ps cfk;sf] c·fnf]df aflwG5 .lggfDdf u8u8fP/ cfFwL x'/L ;lxt lah'nL rlDsb} kfgL k5{ .kf¿xf]ª ToxLF cb[Zo x'G5 .rfKrfxf]ª, jfGrfxf]ª / xf]ª5f v]ln/xG5 .;fs]Gjf 7f]nf–dfgL / Rofa|'ªsf] cfjfh cfpF5 .k|sfz ljnog x'G5 .



k|jL0f k'df M 46

kf“rf}+ b[Zokf“rf}+ b[Zokf“rf}+ b[Zokf“rf}+ b[Zokf“rf}+ b[Zo

:yfg:yfg:yfg:yfg:yfg M dxftDdf lsgf/sf] a'S6f]ªM dxftDdf lsgf/sf] a'S6f]ªM dxftDdf lsgf/sf] a'S6f]ªM dxftDdf lsgf/sf] a'S6f]ªM dxftDdf lsgf/sf] a'S6f]ª;do;do;do;do;do MMMMM ljxfg÷lbpF;f ]÷a]n 'sfljxfg÷lbpF;f ]÷a]n 'sfljxfg÷lbpF;f ]÷a]n 'sfljxfg÷lbpF;f ]÷a]n 'sfljxfg÷lbpF;f ]÷a]n 'sfkfqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿ MMMMM ;'lDgdf, rfKrfxf]ª, jfGkfxf]ª, xf]ª5f / tfªt'KdL;'lDgdf, rfKrfxf]ª, jfGkfxf]ª, xf]ª5f / tfªt'KdL;'lDgdf, rfKrfxf]ª, jfGkfxf]ª, xf]ª5f / tfªt'KdL;'lDgdf, rfKrfxf]ª, jfGkfxf]ª, xf]ª5f / tfªt'KdL;'lDgdf, rfKrfxf]ª, jfGkfxf]ª, xf]ª5f / tfªt'KdL

;'lDgdf k"hfkf7 u/]/ kf¿xf]ªsf] ;Demgfdf Wofg a:5 .rfKrfxf]ª / jfGkfxf]ª ;'lDgdfsf] 5]pdf v]ln/x]sf] x'G5 .

;'lDgdf M -Wofgaf6 p7L;s]kl5 dgf]jfbdf_ ca t, kf¿xf]ªnfO{ lggfDdfdfk7fPsf] klg w]/} jif{ eof] . kf¿xf]ª lggfDdfdf PSn} s] ub}{xf]nf < ;fob, kf¿xf]ª lggfDdfdf PSn} ePsf]n] ubf{ w]/} Gof;|L/x]sf]xf]nf . dnfO{ klg ;lDem/x]sf] xf]nf . ca t, xfd|f] 5f]/fx¿klg 7"nf] e};Sof] . To;}n], dnfO{ lng' lggfDdfaf6 kf¿xf]ª klgcfP x'GYof] .

jfGkfxf]ª M -;'lDgdfnfO{ ;dfpFb}_ cfdf, ca t d klg lzsf/ dfg'{ ;S5' .rfKrfxf]ª M cfdf, d emg 7"n–7"nf] lzsf/ klg dfg'{ ;S5' . a¿, e:d]

kmf8\g' hfFbf 7"nf] lzsf/ df/]/ tkfO{+nfO{ NofO{lbG5' x}, cfdf .;'lDgdf M n===n===ca, ltdLx¿ 7"nf] lzsf/L eO;Sof} .cF, ca ltdLx¿

e:d] kmfF8]/ 5¿jf 5/]/ cfpm .xf]ª5f M t/ cfdf, d t cf’sf]x¿sf] Jojxf/ b]lv jfSs–lbSs eO;s]sf]

5' . ca, d]/f] Hofgsf] klg s]lx 6'·f] 5}g .;'lDgdf M -pQ]lht x'Fb}_ lsg /, gfgL < km]l/, cf’sf]x¿n] ltdLnfO{ s] u¥of] <xf]ª5f M cfdf, x/]s s'/fdf cf’sf]x¿;Fu d}n] xfg}{ k5{ . olb d}n] lht]



eg], cf’sf]x¿n] pN6} d dfly emlD6g' x'G5 .;'lDgdf M -;DemfpFb}_ xf]ª5f, ltdL cf’sf]x¿ eGbf w]/} a'l4dfgL 5f} .

t;y{, cf’sf]x¿sf] sltko s'/fx¿ ltdLn] ;xg' k5{ .xf]ª5f M -;fnLg d'b|fdf_ cfdf, xh'/n] eGg' ePsf] s'/f klg l7s} xf] .

t/ ;xg'sf] klg l;df x'G5 lg ¤ ca, cf’sf]x¿ e:d] kmfF8]/5¿jf 5g'{ hfFbf, d]nf]dfg} gk'uL ;w}F lbge/L h·ndf g} 8'n]/latfpg' x'G5 . clg, e/} a]n'sf rflx+ d]/f] efusf] k]Dkfs\sf]vfhf klg vfO{ lbg'x'G5 . d rflxF lbge/L PSn} eid] kmfF8]/ klg;w}F ef]s} x'G5' . Tolt / klg cf’sf]x¿n] dnfO{ g} pN6} dfg'{sf]nflu emlD6g' x'G5 . -9f8 b]vfpFb}_ oL d]/f] 9f8 x]g'xf];\ t, cfdf <lxhf] cf’sf]x¿n] dnfO{ dfg'{sf] nflu emlD6Gbf 3fp ePsf] .xf]ª5fsf] 9f8sf] 3fpaf6 /ut auL/xG5 .;'lDgdfn] 3fp ;kmf u/]/ cf]Stf] nufO{lbG5 .

;'lDgdf M -;r]t u/fpFb}_ xf]ª5f, cf’sf]x¿n] ltdLnfO{ h'g} klg ;dodfcK7\of/f] kfg'{ ;S5 . t;y{, ltdLn] cfTd/Iffsf] nflu cfgf]tflntx¿ ;fy}df /fVg' . clg, cfkt ljkt k/]sf] a]nf dfq Tof]tflnt rnfpg' . -rfKrfxf]ª / jfGkfxf]ª lt/ kmls{P/_ rfKrfxf]ª,jfGkfxf]ª, ltdLx¿n] xf]ª5fnfO{ slxNo} klg glh:sfpg' x} .clg, klxnf h:tf] ofof]sf] k]Dkfs\sf] vfhf klg gvfO{lbg' x} .-xf]ª5fnfO{ vfhf lbGb}_ cfh b]lv of] vfhf klg ltdLg} af]Sg' x}, xf]ª5f .

xf]ª5f M -vfhf ;dfpFb}_ cfnfªg], cfdf .;'lDgdf M clg, rfKrfxf]ª, jfGkfxf]ª / xf]ª5f, ltdLx¿ e/} a]n'sf l5§}

cfpg' x} . n, clxn] rflx+ d]nf]df hfpm .5f]/fx¿ M xj;\, cfdf .

rfKrfxf]ª, jfGkfxf]ª / xf]ª5f cf–cfÇgf] tflnt, xftxltof/lnP/ e:d] kmfF8\g' h·n lt/ hfG5 .;'lDgdfn] Psf]xf]/f] 5f]/fx¿ uP lt/ x]l//xG5 .

;'lDgdf M -dgf]jfb_ cfh of/L klg /fd|f] 5}g . sr'/ klg ;a} kf]6}–kf]6eof] . ;fob, of] lvddf s]lx clgi6 x'g' cfF6\of] .tfªt'KdL xftdf gfrLxf]ª a'ª lnP/ k|j]z u5{ .

tfªt'KdL M -gfrLxf]ª a'ª lbFb}_ xf]ªdf, xf]ªdf, oL tkfO{FnfO{ gfrLxf]ª a'ªNofO{lbPsf] 5' .


k|jL0f k'df M 48

;'lDgdf M -gfrLxf]ª a'ª l;/df l;pl/Gb}_ cfnfªg], tfªt'KdL===cfnfªg] .tfªt'KdL M xf]ªdf, tkfO{+nfO{ ;~rf] 5}g ls, Sof xf] <;'lDgdf M d ;~r} 5', dnfO{ s]lx klg ePsf] 5}g .tfªt'KdL M clg, Psf]xf]l/P/ s] x]l//xg' ePsf], aflx/ <;'lDgdf M 5f]/fx¿ e:d] kmfF8\g' uof], To;}n] pgLx¿nfO{ x]/]sf] .tfªt'KdL M P ¤ To;f] eP xfd|f] efO{x¿ d]nf] lt/ uO;Sof] <;'lDgdf M h]pm ¤ -crfgs 5ftL 5fDb}_ cfOof===.tfªt'KdL M -cflQ+b}_ xf]ªdf===xf]ªdf===. tkfO{ +nfO{ s] eof] < ;~rf] ePg ls,

Sof xf] <;'lDgdf M -5ftL 5fDb}_ x}g, cfh d]/f] crfgs b'w rls{of] . o;/L b'w

rls{Gbf t cfÇgf] zfvf–;Gtfgx¿nfO{ cfkt–ljkt kf] cfO{k5{t . s] bzf nfUof] lg ¤ kSs} klg 3/–kl/jf/df s]lx clgi6 x'g'cfF6\of] . km]l/, xf]ª5f;Fu rfKrfxf]ª / jfGkfxf]ª k6Ss} ldNb}g lyof] .;fob, ltgLx¿ kf] df/fdf/ u¥of] ls, Sof xf] <xf]ª5f, lgbf}/f] d'xf/df k|j]z u5{ .

tfªt'KdL M -xf]ª5f lt/ cf}FNofpFb}_ xf]ªdf, pm xf]ª5f klg cfOk'Uof] t .;'lDgdf M xf]ª5f, ltdL d]nf]af6 klg cfof} <xf]ª5f M h]p, cfdf .;'lDgdf M clg, ltdL dfq} cfof} < cf’sf]x¿ vf]Ot <xf]ª5f M af6f]df cfpFb} xf]nf, cfdf .;'lDgdf M -;+sf ub}{_ xf]ª5f, ltdLn] dnfO{ slt 9f6\5f} x} < t/ ltdLn] 9f6]

klg ltd|f] cg'xf/n] 9fF6]sf] 5}g . a¿, g9fF6L eg, ;To s'/f s]xf] < clg, cf’sf]x¿ lsg ltdL;Fu} cfPg t <

xf]ª5f M -¿Fb}_ cfdf, dnfO{ dfkm ul/lbg'xf];\ x} .;'lDgdf M lsg, s] eof] / <xf]ª5f M -¿Fb}_ cfdf, cfh klg cf’sf]x¿n] dnfO{ dfg]{ of]hgf agfP/

d]nf]df gk'uL g} h·nlt/ 3'Dg' hfg' eof] . cf’sf]x¿sf] Tof]cGofo–cTofrf/ ;xg' ;lsg . To;kl5 d}n] klg e:d]sf] 7"6fNofP/ d]/f] ;a} n'ufx¿ nufO{ lbP/ d:t ;'t] h:t} kf/]/ tflnt;lxt l;dnsf] ¿vsf] rf]ddf r8]/ a;]F . Tolx+F a]nf cf’sf]x¿s/fpFb} cfP/ vfhf vfg'sf] nflu ;a} 7fpFdf vfhf vf]Hg' eof] .t/ vfhf e]6\g' ePg . a¿, dnfO{ d:t ;'lt/x]sf] b]Vg' eof] .



To;kl5 pxfFx¿n] dnfO{ dfg'{sf] nflu emlD6g' eof] . d]/f]n'ufx¿ ;a} Rotr't kfl/lbg' eof] . ToxLF a]nf d}n] klg tflntn]xfg]/ cf’sf]x¿nfO{ dfl/lbPF . To;kl5 d dfq} 3/ cfPF, cfdf .

;'lDgdf M xf]ª5f, cl3 d]/f] b'w rls{g] ljlQs} dnfO{ yfxf ePsf] lyof] ls,cf’sf]x¿sf] cTofrf/ ;xg' g;s]/ ltdLn] cf’sf]x¿sf] xToful/lbof} eg]/ . t/ xf]ª5f, ltdL t a'l4dfgL–1fgL lyof} . To}klg cf’sf]x¿nfO{ ;Demfpg' 5f]8]/ lsg df¥of} <

xf]ª5f M -uNtL :jLsfb}{_ cfdf, To; a]nf cf’sf]x¿nfO{ dfg'{ afx]s d]/f]csf]{ s'g} klg ljsNk lyPg . olb d}n] cf’sf]x¿nfO{ gdf/]sf]eP, pxfFx¿n] dnfO{ df/]/} 5f]8\g' x'GYof] . t;y{, d}n] cf’sf]x¿nfO{df/]sf] x'F .

;'lDgdf M xf]ª5f, ltdLn] cf’sf]x¿nfO{ dfg'{ x'Fb}g lyof], t/ dfl/xfn]5f} .ca, d]/f] nflu ltdLx¿ tLg} hgf ;Gtfgx¿ a/fa/L xf} . t;y{,cf’sf]x¿nfO{ sxfF df/]sf] 5f} < dnfO{ b]vfO{ b]pm . dcf’sf]x¿nfO{ hufpF5' . xf]ª5f, ca o;/L Pp6} ;Gtfgx¿ Pscfk;df emu8f u/]/ df/fdf/ ug'{ x'Fb}g . t;y{, xfd|f] s'nsf]/Iffsf] nflu eP klg d}n] rfKrfxf]ª / jfGkfxf]ªnfO{ hufpg}k5{ . clg, ca b]lv ltdLx¿ ldn]/ o; x]Gvfdfdf a:g' k5{ .olb, ltdLx¿ cf’sf]–ofof] ldn]/ a:of} eg], aflx/L ;q'n] klg s]lxug{ ;Sb}g . To;}n], xf]ª5f, cf’sf]x¿nfO{ sxfF df¥of}, b]vfOb]pm, dnfO{ .

xf]ª5f M -uNtL :jLsfb}{_ xj;\===cfdf . pm===k/ v'nfdf 5 .;'lDgdf M -xftdf ;f]nGjf, j]5's, a]¿5f, d]/L vfª aln/x]sf] lbof] sn;,

sf;]yfn nufotsf] ;fdfgx¿ af]s]/_ xf]ª5f, n lx8 hfpF,cf’sf]x¿nfO{ df/]sf] 7fpFdf .

xf]ª5f M xj;\, cfdf .;'lDgdf M n hfpF===hfpF .

;'lDgdf, xf]ª5f / tfªt'KdLn] ;a} ;fdfg af]s]/ rfKrfxf]ª /jfGkfxf]ª d/]sf] 7fpFdf hfG5 .k|sfz ljnog x'G5 .



k|jL0f k'df M 50

5}7f}+ b[Zo5}7f}+ b[Zo5}7f}+ b[Zo5}7f}+ b[Zo5}7f}+ b[Zo

:yfg:yfg:yfg:yfg:yfg MMMMM rf ]df ]n'ªdfsf] 5]p÷af6f ]÷3gf h·nrf]df ]n'ªdfsf] 5]p÷af6f ]÷3gf h·nrf]df ]n'ªdfsf] 5]p÷af6f ]÷3gf h·nrf]df ]n'ªdfsf] 5]p÷af6f ]÷3gf h·nrf]df ]n'ªdfsf] 5]p÷af6f ]÷3gf h·n;do;do;do;do;do MMMMM ljxfg÷lbpF;f ]ljxfg÷lbpF;f ]ljxfg÷lbpF;f ]ljxfg÷lbpF;f ]ljxfg÷lbpF;f ]k fqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿ MMMMM ; ' lDgdf, kf¿xf ]ª, rfKrfxf ]ª, jfGkfxf ]ª, xf ]ª5f /; ' lDgdf, kf¿xf ]ª, rfKrfxf ]ª, jfGkfxf ]ª, xf ]ª5f /; ' lDgdf, kf¿xf ]ª, rfKrfxf ]ª, jfGkfxf ]ª, xf ]ª5f /; ' lDgdf, kf¿xf ]ª, rfKrfxf ]ª, jfGkfxf ]ª, xf ]ª5f /; ' lDgdf, kf¿xf ]ª, rfKrfxf ]ª, jfGkfxf ]ª, xf ]ª5f /

tfªt ' KdL .tfªt ' KdL .tfªt ' KdL .tfªt ' KdL .tfªt ' KdL .;'lDgdf, xf]ª5f / tfªt'KdL 3gf h·nsf] aLrdf lx8L/x]sf] x'G5 .h·nsf] k[i7e"lddf rf]df]n'ª ;]t} 6NsL/x]sf] x'G5 .

;'lDgdf M xf]ª5f, cf’sf]x¿nfO{ df/]sf] 7fpF cem} cfPsf] 5}g <xf]ª5f M -;]pnf y'k|LPsf] 7fpFdf b]vfpFb}_ clns k/ 5, cfdf . pm Tof]

xl/of] ;]pnfx¿ y'lk|Psf] 7fpFdf .;a}hgf xl/of] ;]pnf y'lk|Psf] 7fpFdf k'U5 .

;'lDgdf M xf]ª5f, Tof] xl/of] ;]pnfx¿ x6fp t .xf]ª5f M xj;\===cfdf .

xf]ª5fn] xl/of] ;]pnf kN6fpFbf rfKrfxf]ª / jfGkfxf]ª /utfDonl8/x]sf] x'G5 .;'lDgdfn] sfF;] yfndf aln/x]sf] alQ rfKrfxf]ª / jfGkfxf]ªsf]l;/df /fv]/ ;fof p7fpFb} a]5's, ;f]nGjf, dfs'dn] kl5{Gb} ls/ftLd'Gb'd kmnfSg' yfN5 .xf]ª5f / tfªt'KdLn] cf’sf]x¿nfO{ Psf]xf]/f] x]l//xG5 .;'lDgdfn] ls/ftL d'Gb'd kmnfSb} rfKrfxf]ª / jfGkfxf]ªsf] z/L/af6tflnt lgsfn]/ d]/L vfªnfO{ hk]/ rfKrfxf]ª / jfGkfxf]ªnfO{




xfGbf rfKrfxf]ª / jfGkfxf]ª Ao"FemG5 .rfKrfxf]ª M -xfO{ sf8\b}_ xfO{===˜˜˜ slt ;f/f] lgbfP5' .jfGkfxf]ª M -xfO{ sf8\b}_ xfO{===˜˜˜ e';'Ss} kf] lgbfP5' .

rfKrfxf]ª / jfGkfxf]ª cf–cfÇgf] tflnt ;dfpFb} n/al/Gb} p7\g'vf]H5 .;'lDgdfn] rfKrfxf]ª / jfGkfxf]ªnfO{ ;dfpFb} p7fpF5 .

;'lDgdf M -rfKrfxf]ª / jfGkfxf]ªnfO{ x]b}{_ rfKrfxf]ª, jfGkfxf]ª d}n]ltdLx¿nfO{ klxNo} elg;s]sf] lyPF ls, xf]ª5fnfO{ glh:sfpm x}eg]/, t/ ltdLx¿n] d]/f] s'/f g} dfg]gf} . a¿, pN6} ltdLx¿n]xf]ª5f dfly g} cGofo–cTofrf/ u¥of} . xf]ª5fn] klg ltdLx¿sf]cGofo–cTofrf/ ;xg g;s]/ ltdLx¿nfO{ g} dfl/lbof] . ca,d]/f] nflu ltdLx¿ plQs} ;dfg ;Gtfgx¿ xf} . t;y{, ltdLx¿nfO{d}n] hufO{ lbPsf] 5' . ca, b]lv ltdLx¿ d/]/ afFr]sf]n] ofof]eof} . t/, xf]ª5f hLljt} ePsf]n], cfh b]lv xf]ª5f ltdLx¿sf]cf’sf] eof] . ca, b]lv cf’sf] 8fF8fjfl/ x'Fbf ltdLx¿ 8fF8fkfl/hfg' . cf’sf] af6f] dfly x'Fbf ltdLx¿ af6f] d'lg k:g' . xf]ª5f;FultdLx¿ slxNo} klg e]6 gx'g' . olb crfgs st} emDsfe]6eO{xfNof] eg], ltdLx¿ sf]ª7f]sdf 5lng' . cfh b]lv ltdLx¿slxn] klg ;Fu} ga:g' . a¿, cf’sf]sf] ;f/} ofb cfof] eg],cf’sf]n] yfxf gkfpg] u/L cf’sf]sf] 3/df uP/ em¿jf–k¿jf, vf];f{gLkL/f] vfg' .

rfKrfxf]ª M -b'O{ xft hf]8\b}_ cfdf, xfdLx¿n] s] uNtL u/]sf] lyof}+ / tkfO{+n]xfdL cf’sf]–ofof]nfO{ 5'§fO{ lbg' x'Fb}5 < xfdL 5'l§P/ a:b}gf}cfdf, xfdL cf’sf]–ofof];Fu} a:5f}+ .

;'lDgdf M -5f]/fx¿nfO{ c°dfn ub}{_ gfgL, klxnf klg d}n] eg]sf] gdfGbfltdLx¿sf] Tof] xfnt eof] . cem}, klg ltdLx¿n] lsg d]/f] s'/fa'‰b}gf} <

xf]ª5f M -¿Fb}_ cfdf, a¿ dnfO{ dfl/lbg'xf];\ . t/ xfdL cf’sf]–ofof]nfO{g5'§fO{ lbg'xf];\, ljGtL 5, cfdf . dnfO{ cf’sf]x¿sf] c;fWo}dfof nfU5 .

;'lDgdf M -;DemfpFb}_ gfgL, ltdLx¿sf] :jfefj Ps–cfk;df k6Ss} ldNb}g .ca, ltdLx¿sf] :jfefj g} Ps–cfk;df gldn]kl5 s;/L Ps}

k|jL0f k'df M 52

‘; ' lDgdf–kf¿xf ]ª’‘; ' lDgdf–kf¿xf ]ª’‘; ' lDgdf–kf¿xf ]ª’‘; ' lDgdf–kf¿xf ]ª’‘; ' lDgdf–kf¿xf ]ª’7fpFdf ;Fu} a:g' ;S5f} < olb ltdLx¿ Ps–cfk;df;Fu} a:of} eg],ltdLx¿ h'w]/} d5f}{ . t;y{, xfd|f] s'nsf] /Iffsf] nflu eP klgltdLx¿ Ps–cfk;df 5'l§P/ g} a:g' k5{ .

jfGkfxf]ª M xj;\ cfdf, d xh'/sf] cf1f dfG5' .rfKrfxf]ª M t/===cfdf .;'lDgdf M -s'/f sf6\b}_ rfKrfxf]ª, ltdL cem} d;Fu lh2L u5f}{ .rfDrfxf]ª M -cfdfsf] s'/f :jLsfb}{_ cfdf, ca b]lv d xh'/;Fu slxNo} klg

lh2L ulb{g . xh'/n] eg]sf] ;a} s'/f dfG5' . -xf]ª5fnfO{c°dfn ub}{_ xf]ª5f, ltdLnfO{ xfdLn] slt w]/} cGofo–cTofrf/u¥of}F x} < t/ lrQ gb'vfp x} . a¿, c1fgL cf’sf]x¿ ;DemLdfkm ul/b]pm x} . ca, b]lv xfdLn] slxNo} klg o:tf] uNtL ub}{gf}F .

jfGkfxf]ª M -xf]ª5fnfO{ c°dfn ub}{_ xf]===xf]ª5f . xfdLn] ltdLnfO{ s'enf]lrtfof}F . xfdLaf6 7"nf] uNtL eof] . t;y{, xfdLx¿nfO{ dfkmLb]pm x} . ca, b]lv ltdLnfO{ slxNo} klg s'enf] lrtfpFb}gf}F .

xf]ª5f M -cf’sf]x¿;Fu c°dfn ub}{_ cf’sf] rL, cfh b]lv dnfO{ x]GvfdfdfPsn} 5f]8]/ hfg' x'Fb}5, x}g <

rfKrfxf]ª M s] u/f}F t, ofof] < ca, cfdfsf] cf1f dfGg} k¥of] .xf]ª5f M -¿Fb}_ cf’sf]rL dnfO{ PSn} 5f]8]/ ghfg'xf];\, xfdL ;a}hgf ldn]/

olxF a;f}+ .jfGkfxf]ª M -;DemfpFb}_ To;f] geg, ofof] . xfdLn] jfrfdf xf/L;s]sf] 5f}F .

To;}n] xfdL h;/L eP klg h·n lt/ hfg} k5{ .xf]ª5f M -cf’sf]x¿nfO{ ;dfpFb}_ cf’sf], tkfO{Fx¿n] dnfO{ 5f]8]/ uP klg

dfof gdfg'{ x}, d a]nf–a]nfdf xh'/x¿sf] ;]jf u5'{ .rfKrfxf]ª M -;DemfpFb}_ n===n xf]ª5f, xfdL klg ltdLnfO{ ;DemL/xg] 5f}F .jfGkfxf]ª M -;DemfpFb}_ xf]ª5f, a; x}, xfdL hfG5f}F .xf]ª5f M -cf’sf]x¿sf] v'§f ;dfpFb}_ cf’sf]===.rfKrfxf]ª M -cfdfsf] v'§fdf 9f]Ub}_ cfdf, xfdLaf6 h] e"n eof], Tof] ;a} dfkm

ul/lbg'xf];\ x} . clg, cfdf cfh xfdLnfO{ clGQd cflzjf{blbg'xf];\ .

jfGkfxf]ª M cfdf, cfh xfdL xh'/sf] cf1f kfng ub}{ slxNo} klg ge]l6g]ul/ 5'l§P/ hfFb}5f}F . cfdf, xh'/ /fd|/L a:g'xf]; x} .

;'lDgdf M 5f]/f, -5f]/fx¿nfO{ c°dfn ub}{_ gfgL, ltdLx¿ PSnf–PSn} eP klg ;w}F


k|jL0f k'dfk|jL0f k'dfk|jL0f k'dfk|jL0f k'dfk|jL0f k'dfv'zL /xg', ;'vL /xg' . cfsf] / ofof] ;w}F Ps–cfk;df ldn]/ a:g' .Psn] csf{sf] s'enf] glrtfpg' . olb, ltdLx¿ ldn]/ a:of} eg], s'g} klgaflx/L ;q'n] ltdLx¿nfO{ 5'g' ;Sb}g . cF clg, ltdLx¿n] ;w}+ lht]/vfg' . ltdLx¿n] cfÇgf] cfTd/Iff cfkm}+ ug'{ . ltdLx¿nfO{ s;}n] klgs]lx ug'{ ;Sb}g . n, clxn] lrQ gb'vfO{ hfpm===.

rfKrfxf]ª M -cfdfnfO{ 9f]Ub}_ cfdfsf] cflzjf{b, ho ls/ft===˜˜˜jfGkfxf]ª M -cfdfnfO{ 9f]Ub}_ cfdfsf] cflzjf{b, ho ls/ft===˜˜˜rfKrfxf]ª M -labf dfUb}_ xf]ª5f, cfdfsf] /fd|f] Vofn ug'{ x} . cfdfnfO{ ;w}F

v'zL /fVg' . clg, cfdfsf] lrQ gb'vfpg' x} . olb, cfdfsf]lrQ b'Vof] eg], cfdf ;fx«} ¿g' x'G5 . olb, cfdf ¿g' eof] eg],xfdLnfO{ kL8f x'G5 . clxn] xfdL hfG5f}F x}, xf]ª5f .

xf]ª5f M -¿Fb}_ cf’sf], dnfO{ 5f]8]/ uPklg dfof gdfg'{xf];\ x} .jfGkfxf]ª M n===n . -xf]ª5fsf] cfFz' k'l5lb+b}_ xf]ª5f, cfdfnfO{ slxNo}

klg g¿jfpg' x} . clxn] xfdL uof}F, cfdf;Fu /fd|/L a:g' x}===.xf]ª5f M -cf’sf]x¿sf] v'§f ;dfP/ ¿Fb}_ cf’sf]===˜˜˜

lggfDdf u8u8fP/ lah'nL rlDsGb} kfgL k5{ .rfKrfxf]ª / jfGkfxf]ª h·nlt/ hfG5 .xf]ª5fn] ¿Fb} cf’sf]x¿nfO{ k5\ofP/ hfG5 . t/ ge]6] kl5Psf]xf]/f] x]/]/ /f]O/xG5 .;'lDgdf klg ¿Fb} rfKrfxf]ª / jfGkfxf]ªnfO{ Psf]xf]/f] x]l//xG5 .TolxFa]nf xftdf cfDnf/L a'ª NofP/ kfgLdf n'y|'Ss leHb}kf¿xf]ªsf] k|j]z x'G5 .

kf¿xf]ª M -;'lDgdfsf] 5]pdf uP/_ ;'lDgdf ¤;'lDgdf M -kmls{P/ x]b}{_ xh'/ cfO{k'Ug' eof] <kf¿xf]ª M cF===cfOk'u] + .xf]ª5f M -kf¿xf]ªnfO{ v'§fdf 9f]Ub}_ ;]jf, cf’kf .kf¿xf]ª M -xf]ª5fnfO{ p7fpFb}_ efUodfgL x'g', xf]ª5f .;'lDgdf M -kf¿xf]ªsf] v'§fdf 9f]Ub}_ clg, xh'/nfO{ s:tf] 5 <kf¿xf]ª M /fd|} 5, xf]ª5f -cfDnf/L a'ª lb+b}_ oL, km]l/ of] cfDnf/L a'ª

ltdLnfO{ NofOlbPsf] 5' .;'lDgdf M -lz/df l;p/Lb}_ cfnfªg]===cfnfªg] . clg, lggfDdfdf s:tf] 5 <kf¿xf]ª M ;'lDgdf, ltdL gePsf]n] lggfDdf k'/} p/f7 nfUbf] 5 . ToxfFsf]

k|jL0f k'df M 54

‘; ' lDgdf–kf¿xf ]ª’‘; ' lDgdf–kf¿xf ]ª’‘; ' lDgdf–kf¿xf ]ª’‘; ' lDgdf–kf¿xf ]ª’‘; ' lDgdf–kf¿xf ]ª’;a} hLjhGt'x¿n] klg ltd|} af6f] x]l/x]sf] 5 . slxF klg dgc8fpg] 7fpF 5}g . t;y{, ltdLnfO{ lng' cfPsf] 5' . -k|z+uabNb}_ ca t, xfd|f] gfgLx¿ klg 7"nf eO{;Sof] lg ¤, x}g /,;'lDgdf <

;'lDgdf M cF, ca t pgLx¿ x'ls{of] . cf–cfÇg} ul/vfg] klg eO;Sof] .To;}n] pgLx¿nfO{ PSnf–PSn} klg 5'6fO{ lbO;s]sf] 5' .

kf¿xf]ª M slxn]===<;'lDgdf M clxn] e/v/} . tkfO{+ cfO{k'Ug' eGbf s]lx ;do cufl8 .kf¿xf]ª M clg, lsg < lsg xfd|f] gfgLx¿nfO{ ;Fu} ga;fP/ PSnf–PSn}

5'6fO lbPsf] t <;'lDgdf M ca, xh'/nfO{ yfx} 5 ls, ltgLx¿sf] Ps–cfk;df slxNo} klg

Jojxf/–larf/ ldNb}g . t;y{, ltgLx¿nfO{ Ps} 7fpFdf /fVof]eg], h'w]/} d5{ eGg] 8/n] xfd|f] s'nsf] /Iffsf] nflu eP klgPSnf–PSn} 5'6fO{ lbPsf] x'F . clxn], xf]ª5f dfq} d;Fu 5 .

kf¿xf]ª M ;'lDgdf, ca t, gfgLx¿nfO{ klg PSnf–PSn} 5'6fO{ lbO;s]5f} . x]Gvfdfdf ls/ftL af]AaL klg a;L;s]sf] 5 . t/ lggfDdfdfeg] p/f7 5, t;y{ ca ltdL s] u5f}{ t, xf]ªdf <

;'lDgdf M kf¿xf]ª, xfd|f] gfgLx¿ x'ls{P kl5 tkfO{;Fu lggfDdfdf hfG5'eg]/ jfrf ul/;s]sf] lyPF . ca t, xfd|f] gfgLx¿ cfkm}F klg of]x]Gvfdfdf ls/ft /fHo u/]/ a:g' ;S5 . t;y{, Tof] jfrfcg';f/ d tkfO{;Fu lggfDdf hfG5' . lggfDdfdf k'u]/ klxnf em}FlggfDdfnfO{ km]l/ x/fe/f agfpF5' . km]l/, d}n] klg lggfDdf5f]8]/ x]Gvfdfdf cfPsf] klg w]/} jif{ eof] .

xf]ª5f M cfdf–cf’kf, tkfO{Fx¿n] dnfO{ of] x]Gvfdfdf PSn} 5f]8]/ hfg'x'G5 < gfO{ d t o; x]Gvfdfdf PSn} al:bg . d klg tkfO{+x¿;Fug} hfG5' .

;'lDgdf M -;DemfpFb}_ xf]ª5f, ltdL xfdL ;Fu} lggfDdfdf hfg] s'/f gu/ .xfd|f] s'nsf] /Iff ug'{sf] nflu eP klg ltdL olx+ x]Gvfdfdf /fHou/]/ a:g' k5{ . a¿, xfd|f] ;f/} ofb cfof] eg] -n'ªjf, 7f]nf,dfgL, lbP/ ;'lDgdfl;nL l;sfpFb}_ of] n'ªnfO{ x]Gvfdfsf] rf]vf]7fpFdf uf8]/ of] 7f]nf–dfgL ahfpFb} jif{e/L ltdLn] of] x]Gvfdfdfh]–h] u/]sf] lyof}, ToxLF–ToxLFsf] clego ub}{ ;fs]Gjfdf ;'lDgdfl;nL



l6k]/ xfdLnfO{ bf]ªjfªf–bf]ªbfkfdf ;]jf ug'{ . xfdL ltdLnfO{cflzjf{b lbFb} kfgL kf/L lbG5f}F . Tof] kfgL k/]kl5 ltdLn] k"hfu/]sf] xfdLn] yfxf kfPsf] s'/f ltdLn] klg yfxf kfpg' . -Psd'¶L df6f] a5's a]¿5f / ;f]nf]Gjf xftdf nfOlbGb}_ xf]ª5f, xfdLcf’kf;Fu lggfDdf hfG5f}+ .

kf¿xf]ª M -xf]ª5fnfO{ ;dfpFb}_ xf]ª5f, of] x]Gvfdfdf dnfO{ PSn} 5f]8Lcfof] eg]/ lrQ gb'vfpm x} . of] x]Gvfdfdf ltd|} zfvf ;GQfgx¿n]9fSg]5 . ltd|} zfvf–;Gtfgx¿n] of] x]Gvfdfdf ls/ft /fHoug]{5 . cfh b]lv ltdL of] x]Gvfdfsf] ls/ftL lhdLxf]ª eof} .of] x]Gvfdfdf xfdL ls/ftLsf] O{HhtnfO{ arfpFb} /fd|/L ls/ft/fHo ;~rfng u/]/ a:g' x} . n t xf]ª5f, ca, xfdL lggfDdflt/ uof}F x} .

xf]ª5f M -cfdf–cf’kfsf] uf]8f ;dfpFb}_ cfdf===,cf’kf===˜˜˜xf]ª5fn] ;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ªnfO{ 9f]uL /xG5 .lggfDdf u8u8fP/ lah'nL rlDsb} kfgL k5{ .;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ª ToxLF cb[Zo x'G5 .;fs]Gjf 9f]nf–dfgL, Rofa|'ª aHg' yfN5 .xf]ª5fn] ;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ªnfO{ 9f]uL/x]sf] b[Zodf k|sfz ljnogx'Fb} l:y/ x'G5 .


k|jL0f k'df M 56

gf6sgf6sgf6sgf6sgf6s MMMMM ‘;'lDgdf’n]vgn]vgn]vgn]vgn]vg÷÷÷÷÷ lgb] {zg\lgb] {zg\lgb] {zg\lgb] {zg\lgb] {zg\ M k|jL0f k'dfsnfsf/x¿snfsf/x¿snfsf/x¿snfsf/x¿snfsf/x¿ MMMMM rt'/xfªdf /fO{, hutxfª /fO{, ozf]bf /fO{,

v8\uxfª /fO{, OGb|xfª /fO{, /df /fO{, lzjxfª/fO{, k/z'/fd /fO{, 6Lsfxfª /fO{, xl/xfª /fO{,k|jL0f k'df, ;fu/xfª /fO{, ;Gtf]ifL /fO{, e"klht/fO{, ;'lDgdf /fO{, :ofd'gf /fO{, sNkgf /fO{,lasf;xfª /fO{, uf}tdxfª /fO{, OZj/xfª /fO{,lbg]zxfª /fO{, ljgoxfª /fO{, z'efrgxfª /fO{,rf;'dxfªdf /fO{, ;f°]g /fO{, ldGdfxfªdf /fO{,lggL/]df /fO{, lggLdf /fO{, ofªaf]xfª /fO{ cflb .

lgdf {tflgdf {tflgdf {tflgdf {tflgdf {tf MMMMM rt'/xfªdf /fO{, hutxfª /fO{cfof ]hscfof ]hscfof ]hscfof ]hscfof ]hs MMMMM ;'lDgdf lyP6/ Ps]8]dL, g]kfn:yfg:yfg:yfg:yfg:yfg MMMMM ;'lDgdf lyP6/ Ps]8]dLsf] k|f·0fldltldltldltldltldlt MMMMM @)%) c;f]h & ut]

‘; ' lDgdf’‘; ' lDgdf’‘; ' lDgdf’‘; ' lDgdf’‘; ' lDgdf’

;'lDgdf gf6ssf] clGtd b[Zo . snfsf/x¿M r'8fd0fL ;'g'jf/, dfof gsdL{ /gfdsnf /fO{ . kl/sNkgf÷n]vg÷lgb]{zgM k|jL0f k'df .


;'lDgdf

kfqx¿

;fnfkf – 3/d"nL afa',ls/ft k/b]zsf]lhdLjfn /fO{ -jif{, %%_

vfjfxf]ª – ;fnfkfsf] h]7f 5f]/f,a]nfotL ;]gf -jif{, #)_;'lDgdf – vfjfxf]ªsf] >LdtL -jif{, @&_:ofd'gf – ;'lDgdf–vfjfxf]ªsf] 5f]/L -jif{, ^_bLjfxf]ª – vfjfxf]ªsf] efO{ -jif{,@@_gflxdf – bLjfxf]ªsf] k|]ldsf -jif{, @)_;fs]Gjf – vfjfxf]ªnfO{ arfpg] dlxnf -jif{, @*_ªfkf]ª – ls/ft k"hf/L -jif{, &)_sf]tjfnf – ªfkf]ªsf] d"Vo ;xof]uL -jif{, ^%_s]G5f?jf – sf]tjfnfsf] ;xof]uLx¿ -jif{, %%_y'd|fxf]ª – l5d]sL -jif{, @%_;f]xgn'ª – l5d]sL -jif{, @^_of]ª8f]xf]ª – l5d]sL -jif{, @&_lsjfxf]ª – l5d]sL -jif{, #)_ahf/]x¿ – ufpn]x¿


k|jL0f k'df M 58

;'lDgdf

syf;f/M;fs]Gjf e"ld k"hfsf] lbg ;'lDgdfn] 3/ lnkkf]t u/L ;s]kl5 cfˆgf]

vfjfxf]ª;Fusf] lautnfO{ ;lDemG5 . ToxLF a]nf cf]5\ofgaf6 cfFvf ldRb}cfP/ :ofd'gfn] cfkm\gf] cfkfsf] af/]df ;'lDgdfnfO{ ;f]Wbf ;'lDgdf wd{;+s6dfk5{ . ToxLF a]nf bLjfxf]ª k|j]z eO{ ;'lDgdf / :ofd'gfsf] kL8fbfoL cj:yfnfO{;'lg;s]kl5 :ofd'gfsf] jfn dgl:yltdf 6'x'/f ePsf] gsf/fTds k|efjgk/f]; eg]/ cfkm"g} :ofd'gfsf] cfÚkf ePsf] s'/f :ofd'gfnfO{ atfpF5 . w]/}jif{ kl5 aNn–aNn cfÚkf eÌ' kfPsf]df :ofd'gf v'zLn] /dfpFb} leq hfG5 .

To;kl5 ;fnfkf ;fs]Gjf e"ld k"hfsf] ;/;fdfgx¿ lnP/ k|j]z u/LbLjfxf]ª, ;'lDgdf, :ofd'gf nufot 3/sf] ;Dk"0f{ kl/jf/nfO{ ;s]Gjf e"ldk"hf ug'{ hfg'sf] nflu tof/ x'g nufpF5 . ToxLF a]nf ªfkf]ªsf] g]t[Tjdfsf]tjfnf, s]G5f¿jf nufot ;Dk"0f{ ufpFn]x¿ k|j]z u/L ;fnfkfnfO{ e"ldk"hf ug'{ hfg cg'/f]w u5{ . To;kl5 ;a} hgf e"ld k"hf ug'{ ;fs]Gjf yfglt/ hfG5 . To;kl5 ªfkf]ªsf] g]t[Tjdf ;a}hgf ;fs]Gjf yfgdf k'uL ªfkf]ªn]ls/ft d'Gb'd jfrg u/L lalw k"j{s ;fs]Gjf l;nL l6kL;s]kl5 ;Dk"0f{ ls/fthGo dxfg'efjx¿n] xiff]{Nnf;sf ;fy ;fs]Gjf l;nL l6K5 . a]n'sf ePkl5ªfkf]ªn] k'gM ls/ft d'Gb'd jfrg u/L l;nL l6kL;s]kl5 ;a} hgf cf–cfkm\g}3/ hfG5 . t/ bLjfxf]ª af6f] af6} kmls{P/ k'gM ;fs]Gjf yfgdf cfP/ PSn}a:5 . ToxLF a]nf gflxdfsf] k|j]z eO{ bLjfxf]ª;Fu s]xL /dfO{nf] u/L /x]s}a]nf :ofd'gf cfP/ bLjfxf]ªnfO{ cfÚkf eg] kl5 bLjfxf]ª / gflxdf aLr



cGt/åGå x'G5 . To;kl5 :ofd'gfnfO{ af]s]/ bLjfxf]ª cfkm\gf] 3/ lt/ nfU5 .t/ gflxdfn] cfkm"n] bLjfxf]ªnfO{ lrQ b'vfPsf]df kZrftfk ub}{ bLjfxf]ª /:ofd'gfnfO{ Psf]xf]/f] x]l//xG5 . ToxLFa]nf Ps cwa};] dflg;nfO{ 8f]¥ofpFb};fs]Gjfsf] k|j]z eO{ /f]sf]ª af]AaLsf] vfjfxf]ªsf] 3/ ;f]W5 . gflxdfn] klg/f]sf]ª af]AaLsf] vfjfxf]ªsf] 3/ b]vfO{ lbPkl5 :ofd'gf /f]sf]ª af]AaLsf]vfjfxf]ªsf] 3/ lt/ hfG5 .

cfh /f]sf]ª af]AaLsf] vfjfxf]ªsf] 3/df ;a} hgf bfh'efO{ e]nf eO{;'lDgdf / bLjfxf]ªsf] ljjfxsf] nflu tof/ u/L /x]sf] x'G5 . ToxLFa]nfsfFwdf :ofd'gfnfO{ af]s]/ bLjfxf]ªn] k|j]z u/L s'gfdf /f]O/x]sf] efph'nfO{;f]Wbf cfh ;fs]Gjf e"ld k"hfsf] lbg b]j/–efph' aLr ljjfx x'g nfu]sf]s'/f bLjfxf]ªn] yfxf kfO{ cfkm"x¿ b]j/–efph'sf] gftf ;DaGw ePklgJojxf/df eg], cfdf–5f]/f ePsf] bfjL ub}{ To; ljjfx k|lt ljb|f]x u5{ .ToxLF a]nf vfjfxf]ªnfO{ xftdf 8f]¥ofpFb} ;fs]Gjfsf] k|j]z x'G5 . pkl:yt;a}hgf cndndf k5{ . To;kl5 ;fs]Gjfn] vfjfxf]ªnfO{ b"wsf]zLsf] lsgf/dfcr]t cj:yfdf e]6]/ cfk\mgf] 3/df nuL pkrf/ u/fP/ arfPsf] t/ k"/}xf];df Nofpg' g;s]sf] s'/f atfpF5 . ToxLF a]nf ;'lDgdfn]] bLjfxf]ªsf]sDd/ lel//x]sf] v's'/L lgsfn]/ cfTdxTof ug{ vf]Hbf bLjfxf]ªn] ;'lDgdfnfO{arfpFg] k|of; ubf{ bLjfxf]ªsf] 36gf:ynd} d[To' x'G5 . To;kl5 ToxLFv's'/L t'?Gt} bLjfxf]ªsf] 5ftLaf6 lgsfn]/ ;'lDgdfn] cfTdxTof u5{ .To;kl5 ;fnfkf, cfkm"n]n] kf/Ljfl/s ;+/rgfnfO{ dhj't agfpgsf] nfluls/ftL ;+:sf/ cg';f/ b]j/–efph'sf] aLr ljjfx u/L lbg ha/h:tLlg0f{o nfb\bf cfkm\gf] ;'Gb/ 3/ d;fg 3f6df k/L0ft ePsf] eGb} kZrftfku5{ .

Tof] jLeT; xTof x]l//x]sf] vfjfxf]ªsf] dl:tisdf ptfjr9fj cfpF5 .cGttM vfjfxf]ªsf] jfSo k'm6]/ lrRofpFb} ;'lDgdfnfO{ af]nfpFbf vfjfxf]ªsf];a} xf]; v'N5 . To;kl5 ;'lDgdfsf] nf;nfO{ cfˆgf] sfFwdf af]s]/ :ofd'gfnfO{bflxg] xftn] 8f]¥ofpFb} ;fs]Gjfyfglt/ hfG5 .


k|jL0f k'df M 60


:yfg:yfg:yfg:yfg:yfg MMMMM ;fnfkfsf ] 3/;fnfkfsf ] 3/;fnfkfsf ] 3/;fnfkfsf ] 3/;fnfkfsf ] 3/;do;do;do;do;do MMMMM laxfglaxfglaxfglaxfglaxfgkfqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿MMMMM ;' lDgdf, bLjfxf ]ª, :ofd'gf, ;fnfkf, ªfkf ]ª, sf ]tjfnf,; ' lDgdf, bLjfxf ]ª, :ofd'gf, ;fnfkf, ªfkf ]ª, sf ]tjfnf,; ' lDgdf, bLjfxf ]ª, :ofd'gf, ;fnfkf, ªfkf ]ª, sf ]tjfnf,; ' lDgdf, bLjfxf ]ª, :ofd'gf, ;fnfkf, ªfkf ]ª, sf ]tjfnf,; ' lDgdf, bLjfxf ]ª, :ofd'gf, ;fnfkf, ªfkf ]ª, sf ]tjfnf,

s]G5f?jf, l;nLxf]ªdf Pjd\ cGo e"ld k"hf ug' { cfpg]s]G5f?jf, l;nLxf]ªdf Pjd\ cGo e"ld k"hf ug' { cfpg]s]G5f?jf, l;nLxf]ªdf Pjd\ cGo e"ld k"hf ug' { cfpg]s]G5f?jf, l;nLxf]ªdf Pjd\ cGo e"ld k"hf ug' { cfpg]s]G5f?jf, l;nLxf]ªdf Pjd\ cGo e"ld k"hf ug' { cfpg]dflg;x¿dflg;x¿dflg;x¿dflg;x¿dflg;x¿lxdfnosf] sfvdf ls/ft ;+:s[lt emNsg] 3/ 5.To; 3/sf] leQfdf lggfDdf / kf?xf]ªsf] tl:a/ 6fFl;Psf] 5.;'lDgdfn] laxfg} p7]/ 3/ lnkL ;s]kl5 To; kmf]6f]df >4f~hln;lxt dfnf ck{g ul/lbG5 .

;'lDgdf M -dgf]jfbdf_ cfh ;fs]Gjf e"ld k"hfsf] lbg . cfhs} lbg ;fs]Gjfyfgdf slxNo} g5'l§g] afrf;lxt vfjfxf]ª;Fu kljq dfof ;f6]sf]lyPF. To;/L vfjfxf]ª;Fu dfof ;f6]/ p;sf] 3/df cfPsf] klg cfh7\ofSs} * jif{ eP5 . cfhs} lbg vfjfxf]ª / d ;Fu} afFRg], ;Fu} dg]{jfrf u/]sf] lyof}F . t/, Tof] lgi7'/L sfnn] d]/f] vfjfxf]ªnfO{ daf6 ;w}Fsf] nflu vf];]/ nlu;s]sf] 5. d]/f] lhGbuL g} vf]6f]kfl/lbPsf] 5. Tof] lgi7"/L kfkL sfnn] dnfO{ vfjfxf]ªsf] ;Demgfdf56\k6fO{–56\k6fO{ PSn} afFRg' afWo agfPsf] 5 . d]/f] vfjfxf]ªcfh d;Fu eOlbPsf] eP, slQ /dfOnf] x'GYof] xf]nf . xfdL b'j} hgfklxnf em}F slQdhfn] ;fs]Gjf l;nL l6KYof}F xf]nf . t/ cfh d PSn}ePsf] 5' .



Tolxa]nf :ofd'gf cf]5\ofgaf6 cfFvf ldRb} cfP/ ;'lDgdfsf] sfv leq k:5 .:ofd'gf M -;'lDgdfnfO{ x]b}{_ cfdf, s] ;fFr} d]/f] cf’kf 5}g xf] < clg, s] d

cf’kf gePsf] 6'x'/f klg xf] < cfdf, eGg' g lsg g af]Ng' ef’sf] <af]Ng';\ g, af]Ng';\ . -;'lDgdf ?G5, :ofd'gfn] ;'lDgdfsf] cfF;' k'l5lbb}F_ cfa'O{===˜˜˜ cfdf t To;} ?g' kf] x'Fbf] /x]5 . -bLjfxf]ªsf]k|j]z x'G5 ._ d}n] cf’kfsf] af/] ;f]Wof]===˜˜˜ eg]/ tkfO{+sf] lrQb'Vof] xf] < cfdf g¿g'xf];\g, g¿g'xf];\ . cab]lv d slxn] klg d]/f]cf’kfsf] af/]df ;f]lWbg x} . dnfO{ ;a} ;fyLx¿n] ‘t]/f] t cf’kfg} 5}g . tF t cf’kf gePsf] 6'x'/f xf];\’ eg]/ x]K5, / kf] d}n] d]/f]cf’kfnfO{ vf]h]sf] t < t/, tkfO{ t To;} ¿g' x'Fbf]/x]5 .

bLjfxf]ª M -:ofd'gfsf] cfF;' k'l5lbb}F_ 5f]/L, cab]lv ltdLnfO{ s;}n] klg cf’kfgePsf] 6'x'/f eg]/ x]Kb}g x} . n'===ca g/f]pm, g/f]pm .

:ofd'gf M t/, d]/f] t cf’kf g}===bLjfxf]ª M xf], 5f]/L===d g} x'F ltd|f] cf’kf .:ofd'gf M -crDd dfGb}_ ;fFRr} ¤ tkfO{ d]/f] cf’kf===¤bLjfx]fª M xf], t lg ¤ 5f]/L . d g} x'F ltd|f] cf’kf . lsg, ljZjf; nfu]g / <:ofd'gf M clg, cl:tg}===˜˜˜ rfFlx dnfO{ lsg geGg' ef’sf] t <bLjfxf]ª M 5f]/L, clxn] ltdL ;fg} 5f}F . kl5 ltdL 7"nf] ePkl5 d ltdLnfO{

;a}s'/f atfpF5' lg, x}.:ofd'gf M -:jLsf/f]lQmdf 6fpsf] xNnfpFb}_ xj;\ . -/dfpFb}_ P;===˜˜˜, d]/f]

klg cf’kf 5===˜˜˜ -:ofd'gf bf}l8P/ /dfpFb} leq hfG5 ._bLjfxf]ª M -;'lDgdfkl§ kmls{P/_ efph' d}n] tkfO+{sf] lrQ b'vfP x} .;'lDgdf M 7Ls} 5, gfgL . h] gx'g' lyof], Tof] e};Sof] . ca, To;df lrQ

b'vfP/ g} kf] s] kfOG5 / <bLjfxf]ª M efph' ¤ d}n] hfgL–hfgL tkfO{+nfO{ To;/L cK7\of/f]df kf/]sf] xf]Og .

t}klg dgsf] kL8f ;f6\bf–;f6\b} efjgfdf au]/ To:tf] jftfj/0fl;h{gf ePsf] xf] . To;df dnfO{ dfkm ug'{;\, x} .

;'lDgdf M gfgL===dfkmsf] s'/fg} s] /Xof] / < km]l/, tkfO{n] hfgL–hfgL To;f]ug'{ePsf] klg xf]Og lg ¤ To;}n] d;Fu dfkmL dfUg} kb}{g lg ¤ lsgJoy}{df cfkm"nfO{ sdhf]/L agfpg' x'G5 < -k|;· abNb}_ cF, gfgL ¤d t rfxG5' ls, :ofd'gfnfO{ s'g} s'/fsf] klg cefj gxf];\ . t/,Tof] ;a} sxfF k'Ubf] /x]5 / < To;}n] gfgL, dnfO{ t lsg–lsg


k|jL0f k'df M 62

:ofd'gfsf] af/]df 8/ nflu/x]sf] 5 . st} :ofd'gfn] p;sf] cf’kfsf]d[To'sf] af/]df yfxf kfof] eg], p;sf] xfnt s] x'G5 xf]nf < cap;sf] cf’kfsf] jf:tljs s'/f atfpm eg], p;sf] afn dl:tisdfgs/fTds c;/ k5{ eGg] 8/ 5 . ca gatfpm eg], slt lbg;Dd9fF6\g' ;lsG5 < Ps g Pslbg ;To s'/f yfxf eOxfN5 lg ¤ To;}n]gfgL d clxn] 7"nf] wd{;+s6df k/]sf] 5' . ca s] u¿F, s] gu¿F <

bLjfxf]ª M efph', d cfkm}F klg cfdf gePsf] 6'x'/f xF . dnfO{ 6'x'/f x'g'sf]kL8f /fd|/L yfxf 5 . t}klg :ofd'gfsf] af/]df s]xL ug'{ ;s]s]f5'O{g . To;}n] d cfkm}nfO{ cfTdUnfgL eO/x]sf] 5 .

:ofd'gf M -g]kTYodf_ cfdf===˜˜˜ cfdf===˜˜˜;'lDgdf M -:ofd'gf lt/ x]b}{_ km]l/, s] eof] 5f]/L <:ofd'gf M -g]kTYodf_ cfdf, Psl5g oxfF cfpg'xf];\ g .;'lDgdf M lsg < s] eof] 5f]/L <:ofd'gf M -g]kTYodf_ To;} Sof, cfdf To;} . Psl5g oxfF cfpg'xf];\ g

cfdf .;'lDgdf M -p7\b}_ Psl5g kv{ x}, 5f]/L .:ofd'gf M -g]kTYodf_ xj;\, cfdf .;'lDgdf M -bLjfxf]ª lt/ kmls{Gb}_ gfgL, :ofd'gfnfO{ s]lx cK7\of/f] k/] h:tf]

5 . d Psl5g :ofd'gf lt/ hfG5' x} . -;'lDgdf :ofd'gf lt/hfG5 ._

bLjfxf]ª M xj;\, efph' . -;'lDgdf uPlt/ x]b}{_ x}g, cr]n of] efph'nfO{ lsgemg\–emg\ /fd|f] b]V5' . st} d]/f] cfFvfn] efph'sf] ;'Gb/tfdf af;a:g' t vf]lh/x]sf] 5}g < gq of] efph'nfO{ lsg c¿ lbg eGbf cfhsn /fd|f]b]V5' < xf], jf:tjdf–efph' /fd|f] x'g'x'G5, ;'Gb/ x'g'x'G5, ;'lznx'g'x'G5 . km]l/, pxfFn] hjfgLd} ljwjf x'g'kbf{ hLjgdf w]/} kL8fklg ;xg' k/]sf] 5 . t;y{, efph' k|lt d]/f] ;xfg'e"lt hfg' :jefljs}xf] . t/, ls/ftL ;+:sf/ arfpg] gfddf d}n] efph';Fu ljjfx ug'{t /fd|f] x}g lg ¤ olb, d}n] efph';Fu ljjfx u/]F eg], ls/ftL ;+:sf/arfpg'sf] nflu s]lx 6]jf ldNnf . t/ d]/f] jfNosfnb]lvsf] d]/f]k|]ldsf gflxdfnfO{ t 7"nf] wf]sf x'G5 lg ¤ ca km]l/, d}n] gflxdf;Fuljjfx u/]F eg], d]/f] jfNosfnb]lvsf] gflxdf;Fusf] r'8fGt k]|d;fsf/ x'G5 . t/, ls/ftL ;+:sf/df /x]sf] bfh'sf] d[To' kl5 efph'



ljjfx ul/g] ;+:sf/nfO{ t nTofP h:tf] x'G5 . km]l/, bfh'sf] d[To'kl5 of] 3/df, of] ;dfhdf d}n] efph' k|lt ug'{kg]{ pQ/bfloTj klg66\sf/f] plePsf] 5 . ca, o:tf] wd{;+s6sf] cj:yfdf ds] u¿F <;fnfkf xl/of] afF;sf] ln·f] lnP/ k|j]z u5{ .

;fnfkf M bLjfxf]ªbLjfxf]ª M -xtf/–xtf/df algGb}_ xh'/, cf’kf .;fnfkf M -xl/of] afF;sf] ln·f] /fVb}_ bLjfxf]ª, ;fs]Gjf ;]jfsf] ;a} ;fdfgx¿

tof/ eO{;Sof] <bLjfxf]ª M -efph' lt/ x]b}{_ x'Fb}5, cf’kf .

bLjfxf]ª aflx/ hfG5 .;fnfkfn] ;'lDgdfnfO{ ;fs]Gjf ;]jfsf] ;fdfgx¿ tof/ kfg'{ ;3fpF5 .:ofd'gfn] bLjfxf]ªnfO{ vf]Hb} k|j]z u5{ .

:ofd'gf M cf’kf===̃ ˜˜ cf’kf===̃ ˜˜ cf’kf===̃ ˜˜ cf’kf===˜˜˜ cf’kf===̃ ˜˜ -bLjfxf]ªnfO{vf]Hb}_ bLKkf–bLKkf, tkfO{n] d]/f] cf’kfnfO{ b]Vg' ePg < d]/f] cf’kfsxfF hfg' eof] < eGg'xf];\ g bLKkf <

;fnfkf M -crDd x'Fb}_ x}g, of] gfltgL s] eG5 < of] gfltgL t cf’kf kf] eG5t, s;nfO{ cf’kf eG5 .bLjfxf]ª k|j]z ubf{ :ofd'gf bf}l8P/ bLjfxf]ªsf] v'§fdf em'l08G5 .bLjfxf]ªn] :ofd'gfnfO{ prfn]/ 3'dfpb} 6fpsf]df af]S5 .

:ofd'gf M cf’kf===˜˜˜ -/dfpb}_ d]/f] cf’kf cfpg' eof] ¤ d]/f] cf’kf cfpg' eof] ¤bLjfxf]ª M 5f]/L===˜˜˜ ltdLnfO{ clxn] s:tf] nflu/x]5 <:ofd'gf M slQ dHhf ¤ /dfOnf] nflu/x]sf] 5 . dnfO{ ;w}F o;/L g} 6fpsf]df

af]s]/ 3'dfpg' xf];\ x}, cf’kf .bLjfxf]ª M n===n ¤ 5f]/L .:ofd'gf M -;fnfkfnfO{ af]nfpFb}_ bLKkf===bLKkf, dnfO{ otf x]g'{xf];\ t < cf’kfn]

dnfO{ 6fpsf]df af]Sbf s:tf] b]lvPsf] 5' <;fnfkf M -d':sfpFb}_ cF===ls/ftL b]jL h:tf] slt /fd|f] b]lvPsf] 5f}+, d]/f]

gfltgL .bLjfxf]ª M n, 5f]/L e"O{+df em/ t . -:ofd'gfnfO{ e"O{++df /fVb}_, n 5f]/L, ca

cfdflt/ hfpm .:ofd'gf ;'lDgdf lt/ hfG5 .


k|jL0f k'df M 64

;fnfkf M bLjfxf]ª===bLjfxf]ª M xh'/, cf’kf .;fnfkf M ltdL;Fu Pp6f s'/f ug'{ lyof] .bLjfxf]ª M s] s'/f lg cf’kf <;fnfkf M bLjfxf]ª, x'g t ltdLx¿sf] s'/f d hflGbg . t}klg cl:t b]lv

ltdL;Fu Pp6f s'/f u?F===u?F nfu]s]f lyof] .bLjfxf]ª M eGg';\ g cf’kf, s] s'/f xf] <;fnfkf M ltdLnfO{ efph' s:tf] nfU5 <bLjfxf]ª M -cSdsfpFb}_ /f===/f===/fd|f] nfU5, lsg / cf’kf <;fnfkf M -bLjfxf]ªnfO{ 9\ofk dfb}{_ To;}===˜˜˜bLjfxf]ª M -dgf]jfb_ of] cf’kfn] lsg cfh laxfg} efph'sf] af/]df ;f]Wb}

x'g'x'G5 < st} of] cf’kfn] dnfO{ efph';Fu===;fnfkf M bLjfxf]ª, ltdL lsg Psf]xsf]/L/x]sf] < s] ef] ltdLnfO{ <bLjfxf]ª M -cK7\of/f] dfg]/ algGb}_ x}g, cf’kf dnfO{ s]lx klg ePsf] 5}g .

bLjfxf]ª aflx/ hfG5 .;fnfkf M -bLjfxf]ªnfO{ x]b}{_ ;fRr} of] b]j/–efph'sf] hf]8L klg slQ ldn]sf]

5 . of] b]j/–efph' Ps–csf{nfO{ cf}wL dg k/fk/ klg ubf]{/x]5 . tfGdfsf] lzn:jefjsf] s'/f u/]sf], bLjfxf]ª nhfP/ lx8\of] .;fob, rf]vf] dfof eg]sf] klg o:t} x'G5 xf]nf . s;}n]–s;}nfO{ dgk/fpg], t/ cleJoQm ug'{ g;Sg] . of]===˜˜˜ dfof eGg] s'/f klgo:t} /x]5 . n'sfpg' vf]Hbf klg, n'sfpg' g;lsg] . b]vfpg'vf]Hbf klg, b]vfpg' g;lsg] . zfob, tfGdfsf] nIf0fsf] zLn:jefjsf] sf/0fn] klg xf]nf, bLjfxf]ªsf] dg tfg]sf] x'g'k5{' . km]l/,tfGdf klg ev{/}sf] t 5 . p;nfO{ klg c¿ dflg;nfO{ em} hjfgLn];tfpFbf] xf] . t/, o;/L hjfgLdf g} ljw'jf eP/ cfÇgf] dg leqsf] OR5f,cfsf+Iff / rfxgfnfO{ dg leq} s'lG7t kf/]/ a:g' kbf{ slQ kL8f x'Fbf] xf] <To;}n] klg d 3/sf] uflh{og ePsf] gftfn] of] b]j/–efph'sf] dg ldn]sf] a]nflogLx¿sf] hf]8L afFwL lbg' k5{' .km]l/, ls/ftL ;+:sf/df t k"v{fx¿ s} kfnfb]lv/fhLv'zLdf b]j/–efph'sf] ljjfx ug]{ rng klg ePs} t xf] lg ¤ ca, /fd|f]3/hd x'G5 eg], of] b]j/–efph'sf] ljjfx ul/lbFbf s] lalu|G5 / < cfFlv/ c¿l5d]sLx¿sf] ;d:of t ldnfOlbg' ;S5' eg], d cfÇg} 3/sf] ;d:ofldnfpg' ;lSbg / < To;}n] cfh} of] sfd k"/f u5'{ . t/, cfh



klxnfh:tf] ls/ftL ldysnfO{ ljZjf; u/]/ bLKkfkf;Fu efsnrflxF ulb{g' . To;/L bLKkfkfnfO{ ;lDem++b} efsn u/]/ Tof] efsnu/]sf] cIf]tf, vfjfnfO{ r'nfdf 5'jfP/ ;fydf /fVof] eg] s]xL klgx'Fb}g eGYof] . t/ Tof] xf]Og /x]5 . lsgls, vfjfxf]ªn] klgTo;/L g} bLKkfkf;Fu efsn u/]/ Tof] c5]tf, vfjf uf]hLdf nufPsf]lyof] . t/ vfjfxf]ªsf] Tof] xfnt eof] . ca Tof] ls/ftL ldysdfklg ;Totf /x]g5 . a?, h] knf{–knf{ cfh ;fs]Gjf ;]jfaf6kmls{P kl5 e/} a]n'sf bS5f a'jfx¿ ;a}nfO{ Pt} af]nfP/ logLx¿sf]ljjfx ul/lbg' k¥of] . olb, of] b]j/–efph'sf] ljjfx ul/lbg' kfPFeg], of] a'9];sfnsf] cfTdfn] klg zflGt kfpg] lyof] . -5ftLdfxft /fVb}_ cf===˜˜˜ xf===˜˜˜ xf===˜˜˜ .

cfjfh M 9ofª===˜˜˜ 9ofª===˜˜˜ 9ofª===˜˜˜ s's, 9ofª s's=== , 9ofª s's9ofª===˜˜˜ 9ofª===˜˜˜ 9ofª===˜˜˜ s's, 9ofª s's=== , 9ofª s's9ofª===˜˜˜ 9ofª===˜˜˜ 9ofª===˜˜˜ s's, 9ofª s's=== , 9ofª s'sªfkf]ªsf] g]t[Tjdf sf]tjfnf, s]G5f¿jf, 9f]n]x¿n] xl/of] afF;sf]ln·f] lnP/ k|j]z u5{ .

ªfkf]ª M ofof], P ofof] .;fnfkf M -;fdfg ldnfpFb}_ h]pm, cf’sf] .ªfkf]ª M ;fs]Gjf ;]jf d';L k'ªdf k], ;fnfkf <;fnfkf M h]pm, cf’sf] . k'ªdf bf]t–k'ªdf bf]t . x]g, bf]ªjfªf–bf]ªbfkf bf]

tfs' ;fs]Gjf ;]jf bf]gf emf/fª] k'ªdf bf]t, cf’sf] .ªfkf]ª M h]pm, h]pm ofof] . tNn ;fnfkf ofof], ;fs]Gjf ;]jf lg s' gf

bf]ªjfªf–bf]ªbfkf bf] tfs' /f]sf]ªrL jf] xf]ª ;]jf P n . ;fs]Gjf;]jf bf] gf cf bLKkf–bLdf ;'lDgdf–kf¿xf]ª rL bf]sf]ª cfo' bf]Tdfbf] t . k';ª bf]Tdf bf]t . an bf]Tdf bf], ;fsf bf]Tdf bf]t . vfafbf]Tdf bf]t . rf;'d\ bf]Tdf bf]t . cfO ;fs]Gjf ;]jf n]g lg s' gfg'df n]g\, P n . g'df n]g\ bf] gf, g'df d'vf emf/f cf d'df bf]t .nf} tNn ofof], ;fs]Gjf ;]jf k'lS;g] .

;fnfkf M -;fs]Gjf ;]jfsf] ;fdfgx¿ af]Sb}_ nf}===nf} cf’sf] k'S;Lg] ;fs]Gjf;]jf d';L .

sf]tjfnfM k'S;Lg], k'S;Lg] emf/f .;fnfkf M -;'lDgdf kl§ kmls{P/_ tfGdf, n' hfcf}+ ;fs]Gjf k"hf ug'{ . ltd|f]


k|jL0f k'df M 66

tf]ªjft af]s . -bLjfxf]ªlt/ kmls{P/_ clg, bLjfxf]ª ltdLn] Tof]afF;sf] ln·f] af]s . -:ofd'gf lt/ kmls{P/_ clg, :ofd'gf ltdLn] Tof]k]¿·Lsf] jfkf af]s .

;'lDgdf M -tf]ªjft af]Sb}_ xj;\ cf’kf .;'lDgdfn] tf]ªjft leq ;fs]Gjf ;]jfsf] ;fdfgx¿, :ofd'gfn] ;fs]Gjfjfkf, bLjfxf]ªn] xl/of] afF;sf] 6'Kkf]sf] ;fs]Gjf ln·f], ;fnfkfn]xl/of] afF;sf] r'·]df /Vv] vfrf af]s]/ 3/sf] b}nf] y'g]/ ªfkf]ªsf]g]t[Tjdf ;a}hgf 9f]n ahfpFb} ;fs]Gjf ;]jf ug'{ hfG5 .

cfjfh M 9ofª===˜˜˜ 9ofª===˜˜˜ 9ofª===˜˜˜ s's, 9ofª s's=== , 9ofª s's9ofª===˜˜˜ 9ofª===˜˜˜ 9ofª===˜˜˜ s's, 9ofª s's=== , 9ofª s's9ofª===˜˜˜ 9ofª===˜˜˜ 9ofª===˜˜˜ s's, 9ofª s's=== , 9ofª s's;fs]Gjf ;]jf ug'{ uPsf] nfda4 tfFtLdf k|sfz ljnog x'G5 .




bf];|f] b[Zobf];|f] b[Zobf];|f] b[Zobf];|f] b[Zobf];|f] b[Zo

:yfg:yfg:yfg:yfg:yfg MMMMM ;fs]Gjf yfg;fs]Gjf yfg;fs]Gjf yfg;fs]Gjf yfg;fs]Gjf yfg;do;do;do;do;do MMMMM ljxfg÷lbpF;f ]÷a]n 'sfljxfg÷lbpF;f ]÷a]n 'sfljxfg÷lbpF;f ]÷a]n 'sfljxfg÷lbpF;f ]÷a]n 'sfljxfg÷lbpF;f ]÷a]n 'sfkfqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿MMMMM ; ' lDgdf, :ofd 'gf, ;fnfkf, bLjfxf ]ª, gflxdf, ªfkf ]ª,; ' lDgdf, :ofd 'gf, ;fnfkf, bLjfxf ]ª, gflxdf, ªfkf ]ª,; ' lDgdf, :ofd 'gf, ;fnfkf, bLjfxf ]ª, gflxdf, ªfkf ]ª,; ' lDgdf, :ofd 'gf, ;fnfkf, bLjfxf ]ª, gflxdf, ªfkf ]ª,; ' lDgdf, :ofd 'gf, ;fnfkf, bLjfxf ]ª, gflxdf, ªfkf ]ª,

sf]tjfnf, s]G5f¿jf, l;nLxf]ªdf Pjd\ cGo e"ld k"hf ug'{sf]tjfnf, s]G5f¿jf, l;nLxf]ªdf Pjd\ cGo e"ld k"hf ug'{sf]tjfnf, s]G5f¿jf, l;nLxf]ªdf Pjd\ cGo e"ld k"hf ug'{sf]tjfnf, s]G5f¿jf, l;nLxf]ªdf Pjd\ cGo e"ld k"hf ug'{sf]tjfnf, s]G5f¿jf, l;nLxf]ªdf Pjd\ cGo e"ld k"hf ug'{cfpg] dflg;x¿cfpg] dflg;x¿cfpg] dflg;x¿cfpg] dflg;x¿cfpg] dflg;x¿lxdfnn] jl/k/L 3]l/Psf] ;fs]Gjf yfgdf lj:tf/} k|sfz k|s6 x'G5 .g]kYodf ;fs]Gjf 7f]nf–‰ofD6fsf] cfjfh cfpF5 .

cfjfh M 9ofª===˜˜˜ 9ofª===˜˜˜ 9ofª===˜˜˜ s's, 9ofª s's===, 9ofª s's9ofª===˜˜˜ 9ofª===˜˜˜ 9ofª===˜˜˜ s's, 9ofª s's===, 9ofª s's9ofª===˜˜˜ 9ofª===˜˜˜ 9ofª===˜˜˜ s's, 9ofª s's===, 9ofª s'sªfkf]ª, sf]tjfnf, s]G5f¿jf, l;nLxf]ªdf, ;'lDgdf, :ofd'gf, ;fnfkf,bLjfxf]ª nufot e"ld k"hf ug'{ cfPsf] dflg;x¿ 7f]nf–‰ofD6fahfpFb} ;fs]Gjf yfgdf k|j]z u5{ .sf]tjfnfn] ;fs]Gjf yfg ;/–;kmfO{ ul/ Wjhf ;lxtsf] jfF;sf]lnªuf] uf8\5 .ªfkf]ªn] ls/ft /f]sf]ªnf d''Gb'd jfrgu/L ljlw k"j{s e"ld k"hf u/L7f]nf–em\ofD6fnfO{ ;f]nf]Gjfn] yf]SbfPkl5 l;nLxf]ªdf;Fu l;nL l6K5 .ls/ftL e]if–e"iffdf ;lhPsf cGo dflg;x¿ klg uf]na4 eP/ l;nL l6K5 .ªfkf]ª, sf]tjfnfsf] ;xof]udf k'gM ufpFn]x¿n] NofPsf] efsn k"/ful/lbG5 .


k|jL0f k'df M 68

;'lDgdf, ;fnfkf, bLjfxf]ª, :ofd'gf dRrL–dRrL ;fs]Gjf l;nL l6K5 .ªfkf]ªn] j]n'sf ljlw k"j{s e"ldk"hf u/L ;j} dflg;x¿;Fu 3/ kmls{G5 .;'lDgdf, :ofd'gf, ;fnfkf, bLjfxf]ª nufot cGo e"ld k"hfdf cfpg]dflg;x¿ ;a} hgf cf–cfÇgf] 3/lt/ kmls{G5 .t/ bLjfxf]ª k'gM kmls{P/ cfO{ lj/lQmP/ PSn} ;fs]Gjf yfgdf g} a:5 .

bLjfxf]ª M -dgf]jfbdf_ cfh ;fs]Gjf e"ld k"hfsf] lbg . cfhs} lbg oxLF;fs]Gjf yfgdf gflxdf;Fu xfd|f] k|To]s ;fnsf] e"ld k"hfdf e]6x'GYof] . ToxLF, ;fs]Gjf yfgdf xfdL Ps–csf{sf] dfof ;f6f–;f6uYof}{F . To;}n] d gflxdfnfO{ e]6\g' ;fs]Gjf yfgdf cfPF . t/gflxdfn] dnfO{ e]6\g' cfPg . p;n] of] jif{sf] ;fs]Gjf l;nL l6Kg'klg kfPg . p;n] of] jif{sf] e"ld k"hfdf ;fs]Gjfsf] efsn k'¥ofpg'klg NofPg . pm cfh sxfF uof] xf]nf < -gflxdf lj:tf/} cfP/bLjfxf]ªsf] cfFvf 5f]lklbFbf tl;{+b}_ xF===sf] xf] < gflxdf xf] <

gflxdf M -cfvf vf]lnlbb}F_ xf] t, d]/f] ldGdfsf] xf]ª . clg, dnfO{ PSn} 5f]8]/oqf] lbg tkfO{+ sxfF hfg' ef’sf] lyof] < ls d]/f] dfof nfu]g xf] <

bLjfxf]ª M To;f] xf]Og, gflxdf . d 3/fo;L sfdn] ubf{ ltdL;Fu e]6 x'g'g;s]sf] xf] . ltdL t d]/f] d'6'sf] 9'S9'sL xf}F . st}, Tof] d'6'sf]9'S9'sL lagf klg, d PSn} afFRg' ;S5' / <

gflxdf M n' eof], ca Tolt g} . a¿ eGg'xf];\, c? s'/f s] 5 <bLjfxf]ª M gflxdf, d]/f] l:ylt ltdLnfO{ s;/L eg"F < a¿ ltdL g} eg, cfh ltdL,

lsg ;fs]Gjf l;ln l6Kg' cfPgf}F < ls ltdLnfO{ s] eof] < ;fs]Gjfl;nLdf ltdLnfO{ gb]Vbf d]/f] dgdf s:tf]–s:tf] lj/x rn]/ cfof] .dnfO{ t d]/f] dg yfDg' klg slQ ufx|f] eof] . t/ ltdL eg]===

gflxdf M lsg cfpg' t < tkfO{+ eg] csf{sf] dfofnfO{ ;'6'Ss} rf]// s}of}+lbg;Dd klg ge]6\g] . clg d rflxF eg], tkfO{+nfO{ TolQ ;lhn}e]6\g' cfpg' / < To;}n] hfgL–hfgL d}n] tkfO{+nfO{ e]6\g' cfpg' l9nf]u/]sf] x'F. ;fs]Gjf l;nL l6Kg' cfpg' klg l9nf] u/]sf] x'F . of];fnsf] ;fs]Gjfsf] efsn klg ga'emfPsf] x'F . ca, efUon] ;fylbof] eg], xfdL b'j}hgf eP/ csf]{ ;fnsf] ;fs]Gjf e"ld k"hfdf Tof];a} sfd k"/f u/f}Fnf, x'Fb}g <

bLjfxf]ª M P===¤ To;f] eP ltdLn] d]/f] dfofsf] k}Frf] lt/]sf] xf] <gflxdf M cF===dnfO{ eg], s}of}F lbg va/} gu/L===



bLjfxf]ª M P===To;f] eP, ltdLn] dnfO{ dfof ub}{gf}F xf] <gflxdf M -bLjfxf]ªsf] d'v 5f]lklbGb}_ cfa'O{ of] ¤ To:tf] s'/f klg eGg' x'G5 <

To:tf] s'/f t eGg' x'Fb}g lg ¤ cfkm"nfO{ eg], oxfF s:tf] s'6'Ss dgn]dg vfO;s]sf] 5 . tkfO{+ eg]===

bLjfxf]ª M To;f] eP ltdLn] dnfO{ slQ dfof u5f}{ t <gflxdf M lsg / <bLjfxf]ª M To;}===gflxdf M -xft km}Nofpb}_ w]/}===˜˜˜bLjfxf]ª M slt w]/} <gflxdf M ca, slt w]/} eGg' / < slt w]/}===slt w]/}===dfof u5'{ lg ¤ d

cfkm}FnfO{ yfxf 5}g . s] cfTdf leqsf] dfofnfO{ klg gfKg' ;lsG5 / <bLjfxf]ª M ;lsG5 lg ¤ lsg <, ;lsGb}g / < a? g9fF6L eg t, olb d s]xL

eOxfn] eg] ltdL===gflxdf M -bLjfxf]ªsf] d'v 5f]lklbFb}_ n' ef] ¤ ca, Tof] eGbf a9L c? s]xL s'/f

klg geGg' xf]nf .gflxdf–bLjfxf]ª Pscfk;df c·fnf]df aflwG5 . ToxLF a]nf :ofd'gf bf}l8P/ k|j]z u5{ .

:ofd'gf M cf’kf===̃ ˜̃ cf’kf===̃ ˜̃ -bf}l8P/ bLjfxf]ªsf] v'§fdf em'l08Gb}_ cf’kf===¤ cf’kf===tkfO{ oxfF < tkfO{+ lsg ;fs]Gjf d]nfaf6 3/ hfFbf hfFb} af6} af6 kmls{g' ePsf] <

bLjfxf]ª M -:ofd'gfnfO{ lnFb}_ 5f]/L ltdL ¤ ltdL, oxfF s;/L cfO{ k'Uof}+ <:ofd'gf M -?Fb}_ cf’kf ¤ d}n] tkfO{+nfO{ af6f]df slQ vf]Hbf–vf]Hbf u/]F . t/

tkfO{ eg] dnfO{ PSn} 5f]8]/ oxfF cfpg' eP5 . To;}n] tkfO{+nfO{lng' cfdfn] dnfO{ k7fPsf]n] d af6f] af6} kms]{/ cfPsf] x'F .:ofd'gf bLjfxf]ªsf] sfvleq k:5 . gflxdf l/;n] /gkmlgGb} k/ hfG5 .

bLjfxf]ª M -gflxdfsf] 5]pdf hfFb}_ gflxdf===gflxdf===gflxdf M -bLjfxf]ªsf] cg'xf/df y'lslbFb}_ y'Ss wf]s]afh===ltdL t dxf wf]s]afh

/}5f} . -?Fb}_ ltdLn] dnfO{ dfof u5'{ eGb}, v]nf}gf agfof} . d]/f]lhGbuL aaf{b u¥of} . -:ofd'gfnfO{ b]vfpFb}_ oqf] 5f]/Lsf] cf’kfeP/ klg ‘ljjfx g} u/]sf] 5}g’ eGb} dnfO{ em'SsfP/ d]/f] OHhtn'6\g} ;Dd n'6\of} . -cfj]zdf_ ltdL wf]s]afh xf}, wf]s]afh===

bLjfxf]ª M -cfj]zdf_ gflxdf, ltdL xf];\df t 5f} <gflxdf M -cfj]zdf_ xf]=== xf] d xf];\df g} 5' .


k|jL0f k'df M 70

bLjfxf]ª M gflxdf, klxnf d]/f] s'/f t ;'g .gflxdf M -emg\ ?Fb}_ ca ltdL wf]s]afhsf] s'/f ;'g]/ g} kf] s] x'G5 / <bLjfxf]ª M gflxdf, dnfO{ ljZjf; u/]/ t x]/ .gflxdf M -¿jfO{ kl5sf] ;fGt d'b|fdf_ bLjfxf]ª, d}n] ltdLnfO{ ljZjf; gu/]sf]

sxfF xf] / < t/ ltdLn] dnfO{ vf]O{ ljZjf; lbnfpg' ;s]sf] t <bLjfxf]ª, d t rfxfGy] ls, ltd|} d'vaf6 ltd|f] ;To s'/f ;'gf}+ . t/ltdLn] dnfO{ slxNo} klg ltd|f] ;To s'/f t atfPgf}–atfPgf}, d]/f]OR5f / rfxfgfnfO{ klg slxNo} a'em]gf} . a¿ ltdL, ltd|f] efph'sf]dfofhfndf clNemP/ dnfO{ ltd|f] dfofsf] Hjfnf]df t8\kfO{–t8\kfO{afFFRg' ljj; agfof} . dnfO{ ltd|f] dfofdf e|d ;[hgf u/]/ ltdL klgbf]wf/df cndln /Xof} . lsgsL, k"vf{ b]lv rlncfPsf] bfh'sf]d[To' kl5 efph' ljjfx ug]{ ls/ftL k/Dk/fnfO{ Tolt ;lhn} tf]8\g';Sg] ltd|f] lxDdt clxn] g} ltdLdf 5}g . t;y{ ltdL dfof hfnsf]e|ddf k/]/ cfkm"n] cfkm"nfO{ t kL8fdf hnfof}–hnfof} . ltdLn]c¿nfO{ klg kL8}–kL8fdf afFRg' afWo agfof} . To} klg rf]vf]dfofdf Tofu, ;dk{0f / ljZjf; x'g' k5{ eGg] dfGotfdf d}n]ltdLnfO{ k"/f ljZjf; u/]F . t/ ltd|f] 5f]/L g} olt 7"nf] eO{;s] kl5ca ltdLdf ljZjf; ug]{ 7fpF g} kf] sxfF /Xof] / <

bLjfxf]ª M gflxdf, ltdL jf:tljs s'/f g} ga'lem dnfO{ To;} cf/f]k nfpFb}5f} .ltdLnfO{ yfx} 5, xfdL afNosfn b]lvg} Ps–csf{nfO{ dfof u/fu/ub}{ cfPsf] 5f}F . s] Tof] dfof k|lt ltdLnfO{ ljZjf; 5}g < ;fob,To; dfof k|lt ltdLnfO{ ljZjf; 5}g xf]nf, t/ dnfO{ ljZjf; 5 .clg afNosfndf d}n] ltdLnfO{ hlt dfof uy]{F, clxn] klg Toltg}dfof u5'{ . ca, /Xof] ltd|f] lrQ b'vfO{sf] s'/f . t/ ltdLn] ;f]r]eGbf d]/f] jf:tljstf csfz–hldgsf] km/s 5 . To;}n] ltdLe|ddf 5f}, gflxdf . ltdL e|ddf 5f} . -:ofd'gfnfO{ c·fnf]dfaf]s]/ cufl8 a9\b}_ cfh eGbf & jif{ cufl8sf] s'/f xf] . d]/f]cf’sf] a]nfotsf] ;]gfdf sfo{/t x'g' x'GYof] . 3/df xfdL cf’kf,efph' / d dfq a:Yof} . Ps lbg cf’sf] g]kfn cfpg] ;dfrf/cfof] . xfdL v';Ln] ub\–ub\ eof} . To; kl5 cf’kfsf] cf1fcg';f/ efph' / d cf’sf]nfO{ lng' a]nvf6f/ k'Uof} . cf’sf] l7s;dodf a]nvf6f/df cfO{ k'Ug' eof] . To; lbg lsgd]n u/]/ xfdLa]nvf6f/df g} af; a:of}+ . To;kl5 ef]nLkN6 xfdL 3/ kms{g]



qmddf b'wsf]zLdf cfP/ 8'·f r9\of} . dfemLn] 8'·f x]nfof] . udL{c;fWo} lyof] . ToxLF udL{sf] df}sf p7fpFb} cf’sf] / efph' b'wsf]zLsf]kfgL Pscfk;df 5\ofkf–5\ofk ub}{ /dfO{ /xg' ef’sf] lyof] . t/,crfgs 8'·f dfemLsf] lgoGq0f eGbf jflx/ uof] . xfdL r9]sf]8'·f b'wsf]zLsf] jLrdf 3f]lK6of] . xfdL ;a}hgf b'wsf]zLdf 8'Aof}+ .dfemL / cf’sf] kf}l8P/ b'wsf]zL lsgf/df lgsNg' eof] . t/ efph'/ dnfO{ eg] b'wsf]zLn] aufP/ nlu/x]sf] lyof] . To;kl5 efph'/ dnfO{ arfpg' cf’sf] xfd kmfn]/ b"wsf]zLdf hfFbf–hfFb} 8'·fcf’sf] sf] 6fpsf]df 7f]lSsof] . cf’sf] b'wsf]zLdf 8'j]sf]–8'j]s}x'g'eof] . ;+of]un] d}n] 8'·fsf] cfsnf] ;dfpg' kfPF . To;kl5s]lx ;do kZrft To; 8'·fnfO{ d]/f] lgoGq0fdf lng' ;s]F / ToxLF8'·f x]nfP/ efph'nfO{ p4f/ u/] . To;/L xfdL efUon] afFRof}F .t/ cf’sf]nfO{ eg] ;w}sf] nflu b'wsf]zLn] 8'afPsf]–8'afPs} kf¥of] .To;kl5 ToxfFsf] :yfgLo ufpFn] / dfemLsf] ;xof]udf cf’sf]sf] w]/}vf]hL u¥of}F . t/ cf’sf]sf] s]lx cQf]–kQf] kfPgf}F . To;kl5efph' / d dfq} 3/ cfof}F . 3/ cfO{ k'Ubf sltv]/ nfx'/] cfOk'U5eg]/ ufpFn]x¿sf] ;fydf cf’kfn] xfdLnfO{ klv{/xg' ef’sf] lyof] .xfdL efph' / d dfq} 3/ k'Ubf ;j}hgf crDd dfGb} cf’sf]sf]jf/]df ;f]wL–vf]hL ug'{ yfNg' eof] . To;kl5 cfsf]nfO{ b'wsf]zLn]aufPsf] jf:tljs s'/f atfof}F . pkl:yt ;a}df ¿jfaf;L rNof] .cGttM ls/ftL ;+:sf/ cg';f/ cf’sf]sf] cGTo]i6L u¥of}F . t/dnfO{ t cf’sf] cem} klg hLljt g} x'g'x'G5 h:tf] nflu/x]sf] 5 .t}klg To; lbg b]lv efph' ljw'jf x'g' eof] . d cf’sf] ljlxg eP .cfkf h]7f 5f]/f ljlxg x'g' eof] . xfd|f] ;'Gb/ ;+;f/ Ps} l5gdfsfFrsf] l;;f km'6] em}F rsgfr'/ eof] . t/ ;don] 7u] klg efUon]7u]sf] /x]g5 . To;}n] cf’sf]n] efph'sf] k]6df gf;f] 5f]8]/hfg'ef’sf] /x]5 . geGb} * dlxgf kl5 efph'sf] sf]vaf6 5f]/LhlGdof] . xfdL v'zLn] ub\–ub\ eof}F . t/ xfd|f] v'zL ;Fu}–;Fu}xfdLdf s]lx cK7\of/f] kl/l:yltx¿ klg cfO{ kg'{ yfNof] . ;dfhn]5f]/LnfO{ cf’kf gePsf] 6'x'/f eGg' yfNof] . efph'nfO{ ljw'jf/fF8Lsf] ;F1f lbg' yfNof] . 5f]/L klg 7"nf] x'Fb} uof] . pgn] klgcfÇgf] cf’kfsf] vf]hL ug'{ yfNof] . xfdL 7"nf] wd{;+s6df k¥of}+ .-cfFz' k'5\b}_ To;kl5 5f]/LnfO{ 6'x'/f ePsf] dx;'; gxf];\ eg]/


k|jL0f k'df M 72

efph';Fu ;/–;Nnfx u/L d}n] g}… d} xf] ltd|f] cf’kf eg]sf] x'F .Tolx ;do b]lv 5f]/Ln] dnfO{ cf’kf eGb} cfPsf] 5 . t/ xfdLb]j/–efph' aLr s'g} klg To:tf] g/fd|f] ;DaGw 5}g . xfdL b]j/–efph' Ps–cfk;nfO{ ;Ddfg u/fu/ u5f}{F . d efph'nfO{ cfdf;Ddfg dfG5', efph'n] klg dnfO{ 5f]/f ;Ddfg dfGg' x'G5 . caToxLF ljifonfO{ lnP/ ltdL klg z+sf–pkz+sf dfq} u5f}{ eg] t, d]/f]eGg' g} s] 5 / <bLjfxf]ªn] :ofd'gfnfO{ af]s]/ uGtJo ljlxg cufl8 a9\5 .

gflxdf M bLjfxf]ª===-bLjfxf]ª kmls{P/ x]5{ ._ bLjfxf]ª d}n] ltd|f]] lrQ b'vfPx} . dnfO{ dfkm ul/b]pm x} .bLjfxf]ª–:ofd'gf lxSsf–lxSs /f]O{/x]sf] x'G5 .

:ofd'gf M cf’kf 3/ hfcf}F, a]n'sf e};Sof], cfdf ;'tf{O{/xg' ePsf] xf]nf . -:ofd'gf / lbjfxf]ª 3/ hfG5 ._

gflxdf M bLjfxf]ª===bLjfxf]ª uPlt/ gflxdfn] 6f]nfP/ x]5{ .ToxLF a]nf Ps cwa}+;] dflg;nfO{ 9f]¥ofpFb} ;fs]Gjfsf] k|j]z x'G5 .

;fs]Gjf M ;'Gg'xf];\ t, a}gL -gflxdfn] cfjfh cfP lt/ kmls{P/ x]5{ ._ of] k'dfvf]nfsf] /f]sf]ª af]AaLsf] vfjfxf]ªsf] 3/ s'g xf] <

gflxdf M -6f9f b]vfpFb}_ pm===˜˜˜ Tof] kf/L t]gdf k5{, /f]sf]ª af]AaLsf] vfjfxf]ªsf]3/ lbbL . -;fs]Gjf lt/ x]b } {_ clg, tkfO{ sf] xf ] < sxfF b]lvcfpg' ePsf] lbbL <

;fs]Gjf M a}gL, d]/f] gfd ;fs]Gjf /fO{ xf] . d]/f] 3/ tn b"wsf]zLsf] 5]plt/kfyLef/fdf k5{ . d ToxLF kfyLef/faf6 cfPsf] x'F, a}gL .

gflxdf M P===˜˜˜ -af6f] b]vfpFb}_ lbbL, pm===˜˜˜ Tof] 7f8f] af6f] g5f]8L hfg'xf];\ .Tof] /f]sf]ª afAaLsf] vfjfxf]ªsf] 3/df 7\ofSs} k'Ug' x'G5 .

;fs]Gjf M wGojfb, a}gL . a}gL, /ft kl/;Sof], clxn] xfdL hfG5f}F, x} .gflxdf M xj;\, lbbL . /ft kl/;Sof], xh'/x¿ nfUg'xf];\ .;fs]Gjf M n, n, a}gL . xfdL uof}F, x} .

;fs]Gjfn] cwa}F;] dflg;nfO{ 8f]¥ofpFb} hfG5 .;fs]Gjf klg cfÇgf] 3/lt/ hfG5 .k|sfz lj:tf/} ljnog x'G5 .




t];|f] b[Zot];|f] b[Zot];|f] b[Zot];|f] b[Zot];|f] b[Zo

:yfg:yfg:yfg:yfg:yfg MMMMM ;fnfkfsf ] 3/;fnfkfsf ] 3/;fnfkfsf ] 3/;fnfkfsf ] 3/;fnfkfsf ] 3/;do;do;do;do;do MMMMM a ]n 'sfa ]n 'sfa ]n 'sfa ]n 'sfa ]n 'sfkfqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿MMMMM ; ' lDgdf, bLjfxf ]ª, :ofd'gf, ;fnfkf, kf¿xf ]ª, ;fs]Gjf,; ' lDgdf, bLjfxf ]ª, :ofd'gf, ;fnfkf, kf¿xf ]ª, ;fs]Gjf,; ' lDgdf, bLjfxf ]ª, :ofd'gf, ;fnfkf, kf¿xf ]ª, ;fs]Gjf,; ' lDgdf, bLjfxf ]ª, :ofd'gf, ;fnfkf, kf¿xf ]ª, ;fs]Gjf,; ' lDgdf, bLjfxf ]ª, :ofd'gf, ;fnfkf, kf¿xf ]ª, ;fs]Gjf,

ªfkf]ª, sf]tjfnf, s]G5f¿jf, y'd|fxf]ª, ;'lKtxf]ª, lsjfxf]ª,ªfkf]ª, sf]tjfnf, s]G5f¿jf, y'd|fxf]ª, ;'lKtxf]ª, lsjfxf]ª,ªfkf]ª, sf]tjfnf, s]G5f¿jf, y'd|fxf]ª, ;'lKtxf]ª, lsjfxf]ª,ªfkf]ª, sf]tjfnf, s]G5f¿jf, y'd|fxf]ª, ;'lKtxf]ª, lsjfxf]ª,ªfkf]ª, sf]tjfnf, s]G5f¿jf, y'd|fxf]ª, ;'lKtxf]ª, lsjfxf]ª,Pjd\ l5d]sx¿Pjd\ l5d]sx¿Pjd\ l5d]sx¿Pjd\ l5d]sx¿Pjd\ l5d]sx¿;fnfkfsf] 3/ el/ ;fs]Gjf d]nfaf6 cfPsf] ;a}hgf dflg;x¿ e]nfx'G5 .;'lDgdf cfÇg} w'gdf sfd ul//x]sf] x'G5 .

;fnfkf M -;a}nfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{_ cf’sf], ofof] rL . cfh, ls/ftLx¿sf] z'e;fOtsf] lbg xf]–;fs]Gjf ;]jf . o; ;fs]Gjf ;]jfsf] lbg h'g} klgz'esfo{ ubf{ /fd|f] x'G5 . k]ml/ cfh, ;fs]Gjf gfrufg ub}{ /dfOnf]ug'{kg]{ ls/ftL ;fs]Gjf rf8sf] lbg xf] . t}klg d tkfO{+x¿sf]lhdLjfn /fO{ ePsf] gftfn] tkfO{+x¿sf] To; /dfOnf] If0fnfO{ s]xL;do ePklg cj/f]w u/fpFb} d]/f] 3/fo;L s'/fsf] af/]df tkfO{+x¿nfO{b'Mv lbO/x]sf] 5' . dnfO{ ljZjf; 5, tkfO{+x¿af6 d}n] plrt;Nnfx kfpg]5' . cF, s'/f s] eg], of] xfd|f] tfGdf / bLjfxf]ª of]b]j/–efph'sf] aLr ljjfx ul/lbg] ;f]r ul//x]sf] 5' . To;dftkfO{+x¿sf] /fo s] 5 <pkl:yt ;j} Ps cfk;df x]/fx]/ u5{ .

;'lKtxf]ª M -Psl5g cNdlnP/_ ca, of] b]j/–efph' Ps–csf{nfO{ dg k/fpF5


k|jL0f k'df M 74

eg], xfd|f] eGg' g} s] 5 / <y'd|fxf]ª M ca, xfdL t rfxG5f}+ ls, xfd|f] nIf0fsf] tfGdf c¿sf] xftdf

gk/f];\ . ls s;f] xf], bS5frL <lsjfxf]ª M xf], xf]===l7s} xf] . ca, olb pgLx¿sf] 3/ ;lk|G5 eg], To;df

xfd|f] s'g} klg cfklQ 5}g .;fnfkf M ca, To;f] eP tkfO{+ bS5f–a'afx¿ klg oxLF ePsf] a]nf tkfO{+x?s}

/fo cg';f/ of] b]j/–efph'sf] ljjfx ul/lbg' knf{, x'Fb}g <;'lKtxf]ª M x'G5, x'G5 . ca, o:tf] z'e ;fOtdf klg lsg l9nf] ug'{ < x}g

bS5f–a'jfrL <lsjfxf]ª M xf]===xf]===, ca To;} ug'{k5{ .y'd|fxf]ª M cF a?, clxn] g} ljjfxsf] nflu cfjZos ;/–;dfgx? h'6fpg'

yfnf} F .;fnfkf M x'G5, x'G5 .;'lKtxf]ª M ca, xfdL bS5f–a'af ePkl5 t of] ljjfxsf] tof/L ug'{ klg xfd|f]

st{Jo xf] lg ¤ xf]Og / <lsjfxf]ª M xf]===xf]===.;fnfkf M -;'lDgdf kl§ x]b}{_ tfGdf, xfdLn] t ltdL / bLjfxf]ªsf] ljjfx ul/lbg]

kSsf u¥of}F . o;df ltd|f] eGg' s] 5, tfGdf <:ofd'gfnfO{ sfFwdf af]s]/ bLjfxf]ªsf] k|j]z x'G5 .;'lDgdf gaf]nL bf}l8b} s'gfdf uP/ ¿g yfN5 .

bLjfxf]ª M -;'lDgdfsf] 5]pdf uP/ :ofd'gfnfO{ /fVb}_ efph', tkfO{+ ¤ tkfO{PSn} oxfF < clg lsg ¿g' ef’sf] < s] ef] tkfO{nfO{ efph' <;'lDgdfsf] sfvleq :ofd'gf k:5 .

;'lDgdf M -cfFz' k'5\b}_ v}, gfgL s] egf}F, s] gegf}F < s'/f clns cK7\of/f] 5 . Ps yf]s;f]Rof], csf]{ yf]s x'Fbf] /x]5 . of] ;+;f/g} ljlrqsf] kfkL /x]5 .

bLjfxf]ª M t/===tkfO{+sf] s'/f t===;'lDgdf M xf], gfgL ¤ sltko s'/f rfx]/ klg v'Nnf ?kdf eGg' ;ls+b}g . d t rfxG5'

ls, ;w}F xfd|f] 3/ /fd|f] xf];\ . ;a}hgf v'zL /xf}F . t/ efUon] g} 7u]kl5s:sf] kf] s] nfUbf]/x]5 / < Tof] rfx]/ klg k'/f x'Fb}g /x]5 . Tof] rfxgfdft kL8}–kL8f dfq} ylkbf] /x]5 . Psn]–csf{sf] efjgfsf] sb/ klg x'Fb}g/x]5 . To;}n] jf:tljs s'/fg} ga'emL l5d]sLx¿sf] s'/f ;'g]/ cf’kfn] xfd|f]ljjfx ul/ lbg nfUg' ef’sf] 5 .



bLjfxf]ª M -crDd dfGb}_ xfd|f] ljjfx /]===¤;fnfkf M xf] gfgL===ltdLx¿s} ljjfx . ca, d klg 8fF8f dflysf] 3fd h:t}

5' . cfh xf] ls, ef]nL . s]lx yfxf 5}g . -d'8 kl/jt{g ub}{_ltd|f] cf’sf] vfjfxf]ª klg kN6g hfg' kg]{ ePsf]n] ljjfxsf] a'n'a'emfpg' gkfO{ g} slxNo} gkms{g] ul/ kN6g uf’sf]–ufs} eof] .ld7f] vfg], /fd|f] nfpg] /x/ x'Fbf–x'Fb} hjfgLdfg} tfGdfn] klg ljw'jfx'g' k¥of] . ca, of] ;+;f/df ltdL–xfdL afx]s tfGdfsf] cfÇgf];fxf/f eGg' g} sf] 5 / < To;}n] ca ltdL–xfdLn] g} tfGdfsf]eljiosf] jf/]df g;f]lr lbP, ca c? s;n] ;f]rL lbG5 . km]l/,bLjfxf]ª ltdL klg hjfg eO{ ;s]sf] 5f} . t;y{, ltdLn] efph'nfO{:jLsf¥of} eg], ltd|f] efph'n] klg gofF hLjg kfpg] lyof] . xfd|f] 3/klg alnof] x'g] lyof] . To;}n] ltdLx¿sf] efjgfdf rf]6 k'¥ofpFb}eP klg ltdLx¿ b]j/–efph'sf] jLr ljjfx ul/lbg] d}n]g} s7f]/lg0f{o u/]sf] x'F .

bLjfxf]ª M -kf¿xf]ª lt/ x]b}{_ t/ cf’kf, tkfO{+ of] s] eGb} x'g'x'G5 <;fnfkf M -bLjfxf]ªnfO{ ;DemfpFb}_ bLjfxf]ª, To;f] geg . d}n] ltdLx¿ b]j/–

efph' aLrsf] ljjfx ul/lbg] kSsf ul/;s]sf] 5' . -pkl:ytdflg;x¿ lt/ b]vfpFb}_ bLjfxf]ª, d}n] oL of] ;a} 5/–l5d]sLx¿nfO{klg ltdLx¿sf] ljjfx ul/lbg] s'/f elg;s]sf] 5' . To;}n] bLjfxf]ª,ltdLn] cfh efph';Fu ljjfx ug'{k5{ .

bLjfxf]ª M t/===˜˜˜ t/===cf’kf===, d efph';Fu ljjfx ulb{g .;fnfkf M -cfj]zdf_ ef]===. ca, d ltdLx¿sf] Ps jrg klg ;'Gg' ;lSbg .

a¿ eg, ltdLx¿ s] rfxG5f} < xfd|f] ;'Gb/ 3/ ls, d]/f] nfz < -;fnfkfjflx/ hfG5 ._

bLJffxf]ªM -cfFz' k'5\b}_ efph', tkfO+{ d]/f] cfdf xf]Og < d ;fgf] 5Fbf d]/f]cfdfsf] d[To' eof] . d cfdf gePsf] 6'x'/f ePF . d}n] cfdfsf]dfof kfO{g . t/, ha tkfO{+ of] 3/df cfpg' eof], dnfO{ cfdfkfPh:tf] nfUof] . d}n] cfdfsf] dfof kfP . t/ klg lsg cf’kfn]xfd|f] ljjfx ul/lbg vf]Hg' x'Fb}5 < s] xfdL cfdf–5f]/f xf]Og / <;'lDgdfsf] sfvdf bLjfxf]ªsf] 6fpsf] /fV5 .:ofd'gfn] bLjfxf]ªnfO{ 5fD5 .

;'lDgdf M gfgL, cf’kfn] wd{–;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fsf] s'/f a'‰g' x'G5 . t/ xfd|f]


k|jL0f k'df M 76

dgsf] s'/f a'‰g' x'Gg . d}n] klg t tkfO{+nfO{ 5f]/f h:tf] u/]//fv]sf] 5' lg===¤ cfdfsf] dfof lbPsf] 5' . t/ o:tf] s'/f c¿n]sxfF a'‰5 / <

;fnfkf M -ªfkf]ªnfO{ NofpFb}_ cf’sf] cf]wf]t\ gL ª] a]gf lg g . -lsjfxf]ªnfO{c¥xfpFb}_ P lsjfxf]ª ¤ ;'Kt'n'ªsf] 5]pdf a]x'nf–a]x'nLnfO{ /f8LnfO{NofP/ /fv t .

lsjfxf]ª M xj;\, t'Kkf .ls/ft d'Gb'd ªfkf]ªn] ufpb} ;'Kt'n'ª yf]SbfP/ efn] sf6\5 .lsjfxf]ªn]] ;'lDgdf / bLjfxf]ªnfO{ ;'Kt'n'ªdf NofP/ /f8Ldf /fV5 .:ofd'gf crDd dfGb} ;'lDgdf / bLjfxf]ªsf] aLrdf a:5 .

bLjfxf]ª M -?Fb}_ gfO{===˜˜˜gfO{===˜˜˜. d efph';Fu ljjfx ulb{{g . dnfO{5f]l8lbg';\===

;fnfkf M gs/fO{ r'krfk a; .bLjfxf]ª M gfO{, dnfO{ 5f]l8lbg'xf];\ . d]/f] dfof cs}{;Fu 5 . d efph';Fu

ljjfx ulb{g .ªfkf]ª M n x} bLKkfkfrf]===bLdfdfrf] cfO{bf]sf]ª, cs'5frL, skf¿ª–sdf¿ª,

ln;f sfgfO{ . x]Gbf]sf]ª ofof]Sdf k]–j]Gdf k] . cfo' OTbfg'd–k';'ª OTbfg'd . cfO{, bf]sf]ª cs' 5frL, s]G5f, s]g gftL ln;fsfg]O . x]g lrnf, l;Gb'/–kf]t] d]Tbfg'd .

;'lKtxf]ª M n, n===. ca a]x'nf–a]x'nLnfO{ l;Gb'/ kf]t] l6sf 6fnf] ul/ lbpmF .;fnfkf M n===n===. ca z'e ;fOtdf l9nf] gu/f}F .

;fnfkfn] a]x'nf a]x'nLnfO{ 6Lsf nufO{ lbG5 .bLjfxf]ªn] otfptL x]/]/ cfkm\gf] lgwf/sf] 6Lsf k'5]/ ;fnfkfsf]lgwf/df ÇofFs]/ efU5 .pkl:yt ;a} l5d]sLx¿df xNnL vNnL x'G5 .

lsjfxf]ª M P]===P]===gofF a]x'nf efUof]===efUof]===efUof]===¤;fnfkf M -cfj]zdf_ ;dft\ To;nfO{===;dft . P ¤ lsjfxf]ª, bLjfxf]ªnfO{

;dft]/ oxfF Nofpm, Tof] efUb}5 .b'O{rf/ hgf l5d]sLx¿n] bLjfxf]ªnfO{ ;dft]/ NofpF5 .

lsjfxf]ª M a; oxfF . cfh ltd|f] ljjfx . o;/L ljjfxdf efu]/ lx8\g' x'Gb}glg ¤ oqf] ;dfhn] x]bf{ klg s] eG5 .

bLjfxf]ª M -?Fb}_ gfO{===˜˜˜ gfO{===˜˜˜ dnfO{ 5f]l8lbg';\=== d]/f] dfof cs}{;Fu



5 . d efph';Fu ljjfx ulb{g .vfjfxf]ªnfO{ 8f]¥ofpFb} ;fs]Gjfsf] k|j]z x'G5 .pkl:yt ;a} dflg;x? crDd x'G5 .

;fs]Gjf M ;'Gg'xf];\ t, s] of] vfjfxf]ªsf] 3/ xf] <;fnfkf M xf]===lsg / <;fs]Gjf M P===˜˜˜ ;]jf ¤ d ;fs]Gjf /fO{ xf] . d]/f] 3/ b"wsf]zLsf] 5]plg/

kfyLef/fdf k5{ . d ToxLF kfyLef/faf6 vfjfxf]ªnfO{ lnP/vfjfxf]ªsf] 3/ vf]Hb} oxfF cfPsf] x'F . s] of] vfjfxf]ªs} 3/xf] t <pkl:yt ;a}df cfZor{ k|s6 x'G5 .

;fnfkf M -crDd dfGb}_ t/, vfjfxf]ªnfO{===t===¤;fs]Gjf M xf], vfjfxf]ªnfO{ ;a}n] d¥of] eg]/ dfof df/]sf] lyP5 . t/ d}n]

p;nfO{ cr]t cj:yfdf b'wsf]zLsf] lsgf/df e]6]/ d]/f] 3/df nu]/pkrf/ u/fP/ arfPsf] x'F . %÷^ dlxgf;Dd t ;fF; dfq km]g'{eof] . kl5 cf]Stf]n] lj:tf/} sfd ub}{ uof] . pxfFdf klxnfsf]eGbf r]tgfdf ;fdfGo kl/jt{g cfof] . t/ tlh cf]Qmf] ubf{ klgklxnfsf] h:tf] k"/} xf];df Nofpg' ;lsPg . pxfFsf] jfSo klgklxnf h:tf] k"/} k'm6]g . klxnfsf] s'/fx¿ klg ;j} lal;{{g' eof] .t}klg w]/} ;dokl5 pxfF lj:tf/} p7]/ otfptL ug'{ yfNg' eof] .Tolx ;dodf crfgs pxfFsf] leqLuf]hLsf] r]kjf6 Ps dlxnf /pxfFsf] ;+o'Qm kmf]6f] v:of] . Tof] kmf]6f]df vfjfxf]ªsf] 7]ufgf n]lvPsf]lyof] . Tolx 7]ufgf vf]Hb} pxfFnfO{ k'¥ofpg' d oxfF cfPsf] x'F . s]of] vfjfxf]ªs} 3/ xf] t <

;fnkf M xf] 5f]/L . of] ToxLF vfjfxf]ªs} 3/ xf] . clg, -vfjfxf]ª kl§kms]{/_ 5f]/f=== 5f]/f=== vfjfxf]ª . ltdL cfof}F < ltdL oqf] jif{;Dd sxfF lyof}F < clxn] ltdLnfO{ s:tf] 5 <bLjfxf]ªsf] sDd/df le/]sf] v's'/L lgsfn]/ ;'lDgdfn] cfÇg} 5ftLdfxfGbf bLjfxf]ªn] cfP/ 5]S5 . bLjfxf]ªsf] ToxLF d[To' x'G5 .

y'd|fxf]ª M -cflTtGb}_ P], nf}g lg ¤ Hofg d¥of] ¤¤ sf]xL 5, arfpm . bLjfxf]ªn]cfTdxTof u¥of] . nf} g lg ¤ s] b]Vg' k/]sf] <;'lDgdfn] k'gM Tof] v's'/L lgsfn]/ cfÇg} 5ftLdf /f]kL] cfTdxTof u5{ .;'lDgdf vfjfxf]ªsf] 5ftLdf 7f]lsG5 .


k|jL0f k'df M 78

;'lDgdf M -/ut} ;/Lsf] xftn] vfjfxf]ªsf] ufnf 5fDb}_ vfjfxf]ª, dnfO{ dfkmul/lbg';\ x} < d}n] tkfO{+sf] O{R5f k'/f ul/lbg' ;lsg' . To} klgtkfO{+s} OR5f cg';f/ 5f]/Lsf] gfd :ofd'gf /fvL lbPsf] 5' . ca,b]lv of] 5f]/L klg tkfO{+s} lhDdf x} . 5f]/L ;fg} 5, tkfO{+nfO{ b'MvlbG5 xf]nf . t}klg /fd|f] u/L kmsfP/ /fVg'xf];\, x} . clg, xfd|f]5f]/L :ofd'gfsf] slxNo} klg lrQ gb'vfO{ lbg';\ x} . olb p;sf]lrQ b'Vof] eg], pm ;f/} ¿G5 . olb pm ¿of] eg], d cfdfnfO{ ;fx|}kL8f x'G5, . ca, d t afFlRbg xf]nf . d]/f] nf;nfO{ klg ToxLF;fs]Gjf yfgsf] 5]pdf /flvlbg';\ x}, vfjfxf]ª .;'lDgdfsf] k|f0f hfG5 .

;fnfkf M -6fpsf]df xft /fv]/ kZrtfk ub}{{_ cf]p===˜˜˜, ls/ft]Zj/ . d}n]lsg olt 7"nf] uNtL u/]F < d}n] ls/ftL ;+:sf/ arfpg'sf] nflu d]/f]kl/jf/sf] O{R5f ljkl/t Psnf}6L d]/f] lg0f{o nfb\bf d]/f] :jfu{ h:tf];'Gb/ 3/ Ps}l5gdf gs{ em}F d;fg 3f6df kl/0ft eof] . d}n] d]/f]3/nfO{ ;w}F alnof] kfg'{sf] nflu Psnf}6L lg0f{o ubf{ ;bfsf] nflud]/f] 3/sf] hu g} d]6Lof] . d}n] d]/f] kl/jf/sf] v'zL vf]Hg] qmddfd]/f] kl/jf/sf] OR5f ljk/Lt lg0f{o ubf{ d]/f] 3/ kl/jf/sf] ;a}v'zL ;w}Fsf] nflu cfFz'–cfFz'df kl/0ft eof] . cfh ;fs]Gjf e"ldk"hfsf] lbgM ;a} 5/–l5d]sLsf] 3/df v'zLofnL 5 . t/, d]/f]3/df rflxF dfq} kL8}–kL8f dfq} afFsL /Xof] . cfFz'sf] yf]kf–yf]kfdfq} afFsL /Xof] . /utsf] wf/}–wf/f dfq} afFsL /Xof] . nf;sf] y'k|}–y'k|f]dfq} afFsL /Xof] . d}n] lsg olt 7"nf] uNtL u/]F < lsg < lsg < lsg <;fnfkfn] cfÇgf] 6fpsf]df xft /fv]/ lgwf/ e"O{+df 7f]sfpF5 ._

vfjfxf]ª M -; 'DgLdfsf ] nfznfO { Psf ]xf ]/f ] x ]bf {–x ]b } { c·fnf ] dfb } { _;'lDgdf===˜˜˜===˜˜˜===˜˜˜;·Ltsf] b'Mvb\ w"g aHg' yfN5 .pkl:yt ;j} ufpn]x¿df zf]s dUg x'G5 .vfjfxf]ªn] ;'lDgdfsf] nf;nfO{ c·fnf]df af]s]/ :ofd'gfnfO{{ bflxg]xftn] 8f]¥ofpFb} ;fs]Gjf yfg lt/ hfG5 .Tof] b[iodf k|sfz ljnog x'Fb} l:y/ x'G5 .



gf6sgf6sgf6sgf6sgf6s MMMMM ‘lggLdf’n]vgn]vgn]vgn]vgn]vg÷÷÷÷÷ lgb] {zglgb] {zglgb] {zglgb] {zglgb] {zg MMMMM k|jL0f k'dfsnfsf/x¿snfsf/x¿snfsf/x¿snfsf/x¿snfsf/x¿ MMMMM k/z'/fd /fO{, k|jL0f k'df, rf;'dxfªdf /fO{,

;Gtf]ifL /fO{, ;fu/xfª /fO{, OZj/xfª /fO{,uf}tdxfª /fO{ cflb .

lgdf {tflgdf {tflgdf {tflgdf {tflgdf {tf MMMMM rt'/xfªdf /fO{, hutxfª /fO{cfof ]hscfof ]hscfof ]hscfof ]hscfof ]hs MMMMM ;'lDgdf lyP6/ Ps]8]dL, g]kfn:yfg:yfg:yfg:yfg:yfg MMMMM ;'lDgdf lyP6/ Ps]8]dLsf] k|f·0fld ltld ltld ltld ltld lt MMMMM @)%! c;f]h @) ut]


lggLdf gf6ssf] Ps b[Zo . snfsf/x¿M dfof gsdL{, 6]saxfb'/ du/ / b]jbfxfn . kl/sNkgf÷n]vg÷lgb]{zgM k|jL0f k'df .lggLdf gf6ssf] Ps b[Zo . snfsf/x¿M dfof gsdL{, 6]saxfb'/ du/ / b]jbfxfn . kl/sNkgf÷n]vg÷lgb]{zgM k|jL0f k'df .

k|jL0f k'df M 80

‘ lggLdf ’‘ lggLdf ’‘ lggLdf ’‘ lggLdf ’‘ lggLdf ’

kfqx¿MvDa'xf]ª M lglgdfsf] k|]dLlglgdf M vDa'xf]ªsf] k|]dLsfdfldn'ª M lglgdf / vDa'xf]ªsf] aRrfnªkf M lglgdfnfO{ ha/h:tL dg k/fpg]

JolQm



lggLdflggLdflggLdflggLdflggLdf

syf;f/MvDa'xf]ª 3gf hËnsf] aLrdf cjl:yt ;f]xg rfSjfdf k|j]z u/L

kfgL lkpFbf vDa'ªxf]ªn] ;f]xg rfSjfsf] 5]pdf ;fs]Gjf yfg b]V5 . To;kl5Tof] ;fs]Gjf yfgsf] 5]pdf uP/ vDa'xf]ªn] Tof] ;fs]Gjf yfgnfO{ 9f]U5 .ToxLF a]nf Ps afns cfˆgf] cfdfsf] vf]hL ub}{ To; 7fpFdf k|j]z u/LvDa'xf]ªnfO{ cfˆgf] cfdfsf] af/]df ;f]W5 . t/ ToxfF klg cfˆgf] cfdf kQfgnfUg] ePkl5 Tof] afns k'gM cfˆgf] cfdf vf]Hb} vDa'xf]ªnfO{ 5f]8]/hfG5 .

To;sf] s]xLIf0f kl5 sxflnnfUbf] cj:yfdf lggLdfsf] k|j]z x'G5 .vDa'xf]ª / lggLdf crfgs w]/} jif{ kl5 e]6 ePkl5 Ps cfk;sf] k'gM dfofk|]d ;f6f;f6 u5{ . ToxLF a]nf nªkfsf] k|j]z u/L vDa'xf]ªnfO{ cfˆgf]lggLdf k'gM kmsf{Olbg cg'/f]w ub}{ vDa'xf]ªsf] kfp k5{ . t/ lggLdf cfˆgf]k|]dLsf ePsf]n] nªkfnfO{ lggLdf lbg g;Sg] vDa'xf]ªn] atfPkl5 nªkfn]vDa'xf]ªnfO{ t/jf/n] cqmd0f u5{ . t/ cfˆgf] t/jf/df cfkm} hflsP/nªkfsf] d[To' x'G5 .

To;kl5 vDa'xf]ª / lggLdf aLr cfˆgf] dfof ;f6f;f6 u/L/x]sf] a]nfk'gM cfdf vf]Hb} Ps afnssf] k|j]z x'G5 . To;kl5 lggLdfn] vDa'xf]ªnfO{of] afns cfˆgf] klxnf] ;Gtfg ePsf] atfpFb} afnsnfO{ vDa'xf]ª;Fucflzjf{b dfUg nufpF5 . To;kl5 afnsn] cfdfsf] cf1f cg';f/ dfldn'ªn]vDa'xf]ª;Fu cflzjf{b dflu;s]kl5 vDa'xf]ªn] lggLdf / dfldn'ªnfO{ cËfnf]dflnP/ cfˆg} o'ªvf lt/ hfG5 .


k|jL0f k'df M 82


:yfg:yfg:yfg:yfg:yfg MMMMM lxdfnosf] aLrsf] 3gf h·nlxdfnosf] aLrsf] 3gf h·nlxdfnosf] aLrsf] 3gf h·nlxdfnosf] aLrsf] 3gf h·nlxdfnosf] aLrsf] 3gf h·n;do;do;do;do;do MMMMM a ]n 'sfa ]n 'sfa ]n 'sfa ]n 'sfa ]n 'sfkfqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿kfqx¿MMMMM vDa'xf]ª, lggLdf, jfns, nªkfvDa'xf]ª, lggLdf, jfns, nªkfvDa'xf]ª, lggLdf, jfns, nªkfvDa'xf]ª, lggLdf, jfns, nªkfvDa'xf]ª, lggLdf, jfns, nªkf

lxdfnn] jl/k/L 3]l/Psf] 3gf h·nsf] aLrdf ;fs]Gjf yfg 5 .Tof] ;fs]Gjf yfgsf] 5]pdf ;f]xg rfSjf 5 .6fpsf]df ;]tf] km]6f afFw]sf], sDa/df v's'/L eL/]sf], sfFwdf tflnteL/]sf] Ps ls/ftL o'js ylst eP/ cfO{ Tof] rfSjf vfG5 .To;kl5 Tof] ;fs]Gjf yfgdf uO{ ;fs]Gjf n'ªnfO{ 9f]U5 .ToxLF a]nf Ps afns cfdf vf]Hb} k|j]z u5{ .

cfjfh M cfdf===˜˜˜ cfdf===˜˜˜ cfdf===˜˜˜kmf6]sf] n'uf unfPsf], x]bf{ g} dfof nfUbf], Ps jfns emf]nfdfu'Go", rf]nf / asf]{ l3:ofpFb} k|j]z u5{ .

jfns M -¿jfO{ kl5sf] lxSsf 5f]8\b}_ lbKkf===lbKkf, tkfO{Fn] d]/f] cfdfnfO{e]6\g' ePg < -vDa'xf]ª bf]wf/df k5{ ._ lbKkf, eGg'xf];\ g, s]tkfO{+n] d]/f] cfdfnfO{ e]6\g' ePg <

vDa'xf]ª M -cndln+b}_ cF e]+===e]6]+ .jfns M -pT;'stf x'Fb}_ lbKkf===lbKkf, tkfO{+n] d]/f] cfdfnfO{ sxfF e]6\g'

eof] < dnfO{ d]/f] cfdf ePsf] 7fpFdf k'¥ofO{ lbg'xf];\ g, lbKkf .vDa'xf]ª M -jfnssf] cfFz' k'l5lbFb}_ gfgL, ltd|f] cfdf x/fPsf] xf] <jfns M -:jLsf/f]lQmdf 6fpsf] xNnfpFb}_ xh'/ .



vDa'xf]ª M gfgL, o;/L /f]P/ t cfdf kfOGb}g lg ¤ n, g/f]pm . d ltdLnfO{ ltd|f]cfdf vf]Hg' ;3fpF5' . n, g/f]p===g/f]p .

jfns M -vDa'xf]ªsf] cg'xf/df x]b}{_ To;f] eP tkfO{+n] klg d]/f] cfdfnfO{e]6\g' ePsf] 5}g xf] <

vDa'xf]ª M -cndln+b}_ v}===gfgL===.ToxfF klg cfdf kQf gnfu] kl5 afns ¿Fb} cfdf vf]Hg' hfG5 .

jfns M -¿Fb}_ cfdf===˜˜˜cfdf===˜˜˜cfdf===˜˜˜vDa'xf]ª M -jfns uPlt/ hfFb}_ gfgL===,P gfgL . kv{ t, d ltdLnfO{ ltd|f]

cfdf vf]Hg' ;3fpF5' . kv{ t, gfgL .jfns M -g]kTYodf ¿Fb}_ cfdf===˜˜˜ cfdf===˜˜˜ cfdf===˜˜˜vDa'xf]ª M -kmls{P/ uDeL/ x'Fb}_ of] s:tf] lh2L afns /x]5 . d, cfdf vf]Hg'

;3fpF5' eGbf–eGb} klg g6]/L cfdf vf]Hb} uof] . of] cfdf;Fusf]gftf ;DaGw klg slt uf9f x'G5, x} . ;fob, of] jfnssf] klg d]/f]h:t} cfdf;Fu la5f]8 ePsf] /x]5 . To;}n] cfdf;Fusf] la5f]8sf]kL8fdf 56\k6fpFb} p;sf] cfdf vf]hL/x]sf] 5 . cfh, of] afnssf]Tof] lgbf]{if af]nLn] d]/f] l5of–l5of k/]sf] d'6'df tLvf] jf0f /f]k]/uof ] .

lggLdf M -cflQP/ ¿Fb}_ arfpm===˜˜˜RoflQPsf] rf}aGbL rf]nL, e"O{+df nlqPsf] u'Go" nufPsf] Ps ls/ftLdlxnf bf}l8P/ k|j]z ul/ e"O{+df 3f]lK6G5 .

vDa'xf]ª M -crDd dfGb}_ sf] tkfO{+ < p7\g'xf];\ < lsg o;/L cflQP/ cfpg'ePsf] <

lggLdf M -¿Fb} p7]/_ vDa'xf]ª===.vDa'xf]ª M -crDd dfGb}_ lggLdf, ltdL < ltdL oxfF s;/L cfOk'Uof} < clg,

ltd|f] of] xfnt < s;n] kf¥of] ltdLnfO{ of] xfnt <lggLdf M -¿Fb}_ ;don], vDa'xf]ª . ;don]vDa'xf]ª M -cfj]zdf_ ;don]===<lggLdf M -vDa'xf]ªsf] 5ftLdf 6fpsf] /fv]/ ¿Fb}_ xf]===xf] vDa'xf]ª, ;don]

dnfO{ of] xfnt agfof] .vDa'xf]ª M -crDd dfGb}_ t/ s;/L <lggLdf M -¿Fb}_ vDa'xf]ª, Tof] kfkL ;don] xfdLnfO{ 5'§fPkl5 d}n] zflGtn]

afFRg' kfPsf] 5'Og . ToxfFsf] Tof] /fIf;x¿n] d]/f] hLpFbf] z/L/sf]


k|jL0f k'df M 84

cfnf] df;'x¿ n'l5/Xof] . Tof] /fIf;x¿n] d]/f] z/L/sf] tfTtftf]/ut lkO{/Xof] . Tof] /fIf;x¿n] d]/f] lgbf]{if s'dfl/TjnfO{ n'6\g'vf]hL/x]sf] 5 . -cfqmf];df_ ;lbof}+ b]lv d a;]sf] d]/f] x]GvfdfdfTof] /fIf;x¿n] dnfO{g} z/0ffyL{ agfO{ /Xof] . clg o'uf}F b]lv d}n]cf]8]sf] d]/f] lggfDdf d'lg dnfO{ g} gª\UofO{ /Xof] . ca, d Tof]/fIf;x¿sf] cGofo–cTofrf/ ;x]/ a:g ;lSbg, vDa'xf]ª . dnfO{;xf/f lbg'xf];\, vDa'xf]ª . d Tof] /fIf;x¿nfO{ To;} 5f]8\lbg .

vDa'xf]ª M -lggLdfsf] s'/f :jLsfb}{_ l7s 5 lggLdf, d ltdLnfO{ o'uf}Fo'u ;xf/flbG5' . d ltd|f] nflu ;xfotf lbG5' . ca, To; /fIf;x¿nfO{5f]8\g' x'Fb}g .

lggLdf M -cfqmf]zdf_ vDa'xf]ª, ca ddf lab|f]xsf] cfuf] bGsL ;s]sf] 5 .ca, Tof] lab|f]xsf] cfuf]nfO{ s;}n] klg /f]Sg' ;Sg] 5}g . ca, d}n]Tof] /fIf;x¿;Fu d]/f] z/L/sf] k|To]s c·k|To·x¿sf] lx;fa–lstfa Ps–Ps u/]/ lng' k5{ . ca, d}n] d]/f] tfttftf] /utsf]k|To]s yf]kf–yf]kfsf] d"No p7fpg' k5{ . ca, d}n] Tof] /fIf;x¿af6d]/f] lgbf]{if s'dfl/Tj hf]ufpg' k5{ . ca, ;lbof}F b]lv d a;]sf] d]/f]x]Gvfdfsf] clwsf/sf] afu8f]/ d]/} xftdf lkmtf{ lng' k5{ . ca,d}n] o'uf}F b]lv cf]8]sf] d]/f] lggfDdf d'lg d g} gf·LP/ a:g ;lSbg .a¿, To;sf] nflu d d]/f] Hofg lbg' klg tof/ 5' .

vDa'xf]ª M -cfqmf]zdf_ l7s 5, lggLdf . ca, cfÇgf] clwsf/ / cl:tTjsf]nflu 86]/} n8\g' k5{ . cfv]/L d'g'{ g} k5{ eg] ;q'nfO{ klg df/]/}d/f}Fnf . ca, Tof] /fIf;x¿sf] xft v'§f sf6]/ ckf· agfO{lbg'k5{ . To;sf] 6fpsf] sf6]/ d's'{§f kfl/lbg' k5{ . ca, ltgLx¿sf]cGofo / cTofrf/ ;x]/ a:g' x'Fb}g . ca, hlt ltgLx¿sf] cGofo/ cTofrf/ ;x]/ a:of], Tolt g} x]Kb}5 . xfd|f] xs clwsf/zflGtk"0f{ tl/sfn] dfUbf gkfPkl5 ca, xfd|f] ;Dk"0f{ xs clwsf/vf];]/} lkmtf{ Nofpg' k5{ . -lggLdfnfO{ kmsfpFb}_ n' eof] lggLdf,ca g/f]pm .

lggLdf M -lxSsf 5f]8\b}_ vDa'xf]ª, To; /fIf;x¿n] d]/f] ;a{:j n'6\of], dnfO{zflGtk"0f{ tl/sfn] afFRg} lbPg .

vDa'xf]ª M -cfDnf/L a'ª l6k]/ lggLdfnfO{ lb+b}_ oL of] cfDnf/L a'ª, ltd|f]zL/df nufpm, lggLdf . ca, n' g/f]pm lggLdf . ca, Tof]



;dodf s]lx uNtL ltd|f] lyof], s]lx uNtL d]/f] lyof] . km]l/, To;a]nf ;don] klg xfdLnfO{ 7Uof] . To;sf] kmfObf Tof] /fIf;x¿n]p7fof] . t/ ca km]l/ To:tf] cj:yf cfpg]5}g . d ltdLnfO{h'lge/ ;fy lbG5' . ca,d ltd|f] o'uf}Fo'u /Iff u5'{ . of] d]/f] sGgLls/] eof], lggLdf .

lggLdf M -cfDnf/L a'ª lz/df l;p/Lb}_ cfnfªg]===vDa'xf]ª . vDa'xf]ª,Tof] kfkL ;don] xfdLnfO{ 5'6\ofP klg, cfh km]l/, xfd|f] ldngePsf] 5 . t;y{ vDa'xf]ª, klxnf h] eP klg, cfh b]lv dtkfO{+nfO{ h'lg–h'lg ;fy lbG5', sfv lbG5' . d]/f] klg of] sGgL ls/]eof] .vDa'xf]ª–lggLdf Ps–cfk;sf] c·fnf]df afFlwG5 .ToxLa]nf t/jf/ af]s]/ Ps nªkf k|j]z x'G5 .

nªkf M -xQf/Lb}_ lggLdf===.lggLdf M -cflQP/ ¿Fb}_ vDa'xf]ª, ToxLF /fIf; xf], xfd|f] ;'Gb/ 3/ laufg]{ .

ToxLF /fIf;n] d]/f] of] xfnt agfof] . km]l/, clxn] d]/f] O{Hhtn'6\g'sf] nflu dnfO{ v]lb/x]sf] 5 . dnfO{ ;xfotf u/, vDa'xf]ª .d cfh o; /fIf;nfO{ 5f]8\lbg . d o; /fIf;sf] 6fpsf] l5gfP//ut lkpF5' .

nªkf M -crDd dfGb}_ lggLdf ¤ lggLdf, ltdLn] dnfO{ lrg]gf}F < d ToxLFnªkf x'F . d}n] ltdLnfO{ kfpgsf] nflu ;of}F 8fF8f sf6]/ cfPsf]5' . t/ ltdL eg]===

vDa'xf]ª M -cfqmf];df tflnt p7fpFb}_ km]l/, s:n] d]/f] 3/ laufg'{ vf]Hb}5 <km]l/, s:n] d]/f] ;'Gb/ au}Frfsf] km"n l6Kg' vf]Hb}5 < oxfF s;}nfO{Hofgsf] dfof 5}g ls, Sof xf] <

Nfªkf M -cg'gog ub}{_ vDa'xf]ª, cfh klxnf] kN6 ltd|f] cufl8 d]/f] xftyfKb}5' . dnfO{ d]/L lggLdf lkmtf{ b]pm . d lggLdfsf] dfof hfndfkml;;s]sf] 5' .

vDa'xf]ª M -cfqmf];df_ Nfªkf, ltdL kfun t ePsf] 5}gf} <Nfªkf M -cfj]zdf_ xf]===xf]===xf], vDa'xf]ª . d kfun} eO{;s]sf] 5' .

cem}, ltdLn] d]/L lggLdfnfO{ vf];]/ emg\ dnfO{ kfun agfpFb}5f} .vDa'xf]ª M -cfqmf]zdf_ Nfªkf, d'v 5 eGb}df h] kfof], ToxLF gaf]n . gq /fd|f]

x'g]5}g .


k|jL0f k'df M 86

Nfªkf M -Rofl7Gb}_ P ltdLn] g} d]/L lggLdfnfO{ vf];]/ /fVg], clg ltdLn] g}dnfO{ bfuf wg]{ . -cfj]zdf_ ltdL sf] xf} <

vDa'xf]ª M -cfqmf]zdf_ d hf] eP klg, ltdL oxfFaf6 uO{xfn .Nfªkf M -cfj]zdf_ d lsg hfg] < hfGg . d d]/L lggLdfnfO{ gnuL oxfFaf6 hfFb} hfGg .vDa'xf]ª M -cfqmf]zdf_ Nfªkf, d}n] cl3 g} elg;s]F ls, ltdL oxfFaf6 uO{xfn===

uO{xfn .Nfªkf M -cg'gog ub}{_ d nfrf/ 5', vDa'xf]ª . dnfO{ d]/L lggLdf lkmtf{ b]pm .vDa'xf]ª M -cfqmf];df_ nªkf, ca lggLdfsf] /Iffsf] nflu eP klg d}n] ltdLnfO{

lggLdf lkmtf{ ug'{ ldNb}g .Nfªkf M -cfj]zdf_ vDa'xf]ª, ltdL of] s] eGb}5f} <vDa'xf]ª M -cfqmf]zdf_ xf]===xf]===xf], nªkf . d l7s} eGb}5' . ca, lggLdf

d]/f] hLjg;fyL eO{;s]sf] 5 .Nfªkf M -cfqmf]zdf_ l7s 5, vDa'xf]ª . ca, aNn cfh d}n] ltdLnfO{

lrg]F . ltdL dxf :jfyL{ /x]5f} vDa'xf]ª, dxf :jfyL{ . t/ vDa'xf]ª,ltdLn] cfh ;k{nfO{ b'w v'jfP/ kfn]sf] 5f} . To; ;k{n] ltdLnfO{Ps g Ps lbg 8:5, a'‰of}===8:5 . Toltv]/ yfxf kfpg]5f} .

vDa'xf]ª M -cfqmf]zdf_ nªkf, ltdL e|ddf 5f} .nªkf M -cfqmf]zdf_ l7s 5, vDa'xf]ª . cfh ltdLn] d]/L lggLdfnfO{

daf6 vf];]/ nUof} . t/ d ltdLnfO{ To;} 5f]8\g] 5'Og, vDa'xf]ª .ca vDa'xf]ª, ltd|f] Tof] tfgfzfxL k|a[lQ ;dfKt eO{;s]sf] 5 .ca, ltdL d[To'sf] d'vdf k'uL;s]sf] 5f}, vDa'xf]ª . d[To'sf] d'vdf .

vDa'xf]ª M -cfqmf];df_ nªkf===˜˜˜nªkf M -xQf/Lb}_ vDa'xf]ª===˜˜˜vDa'xf]ª M -cfqmf];df_ nªkf===˜˜˜nªkf M -t/jf/n] cfqmd0f ub}{_ vDa'xf]ª===˜˜˜lggLdf M -vDa'xf]ªnfO{ 5n]/ n8fpFb}_ vDa'xf]ª===˜˜˜

lggLdfn] vDa'xf]ªnfO{ n8fP/ nªkfsf] cfqmd0faf6 vDa'xf]ªnfO{arfpF5 .nªkf x'lQP/ leQfdf cfkm}F 7f]lSsP/ cfkm\gf] t/jf/df hflsG5 .lggLdf / vDa'xf]ª p7]/ n'uf 6s6sfpF5 .

vDa'xf]ª M -lggLdfnfO{ x]b}{_ lggLdf, ltdLnfO{ rf]6 nfUof] <lggLdf M x}g, dnfO{ s]lx klg ePsf] 5}g . a¿, tkfO{+nfO{ s]lx eof],



vDa'xf]ª <vDa'xf]ª M -cfqmf];df tflnt vOlrGb}_ lggLdf, ltdLn] dnfO{ n8fP/ To; b'i6 nªkfsf]

cfqmd0faf6 arfof} . olb, ltdLn] dnfO{ gn8fPsf] eP, To; b'i6 /fIf;n]d]/f] Hofg} lnGYof] . ca, To; b'i6 /fIf;n] xfd|f] /ut g} lkpg' vf]H5 eg],xfdLn] klg To; b'i6 /fIf;sf] /ut g} cGTo ul/lbg' k5{ .t/jf/n] 3f]r]sf] 7fpFaf6 nªkfsf] /ut e"n–e"n cfpF5 .

nªkf M -xft hf]8\b}_ vDa'xf]ª, dnfO{ dfkm ul/lbg'xf];\ . d}n] tkfO{+x¿nfO{kfk lrtfPF . d}n] tkfO{+x¿sf] ;'Gb/ 3/nfO{ tx;–gx; kfl/lbPF .cem}, tkfO{+x¿s} e"lddf tkfO{+x¿nfO{ g} z/0ffyL{ agfPF . clg,tkfO{+x¿s} cfsfz d'lg tkfO{+x¿nfO{ g} gª\UofPF . t/, klgtkfO{+x¿n] ;x]/} a:g' eof] . t;y{ vDa'xf]ª, tkfO{+x¿sf] Tof]OdfGbf/Lk"j{s ;xglzntfsf] pRr ;Ddfg ub}{ d tkfO{+x¿sf] xftaf6dg{ rfxG5' .nªkfsf] cfkm}F k|f0f hfG5 .

vDa'xf]ª M -cfÇgf] tflntifnfO{ 9f]Ub}_ ho ls/ft===˜˜˜lggLdf–vDa'xf]ª p7]/ c°dfn u5{ .

jfns M -g]kTYodf_ cfdf===˜˜˜ cfdf===˜˜˜ cfdf===˜˜˜lggLdf / vDa'xf]ª cfjfh cfPlt/ x]5{ .kmf6]sf] n'uf nufPsf] Ps jfns emf]nfdf u'Go", rf]nf / asf]{hldgdf l3:ofpFb} k|j]z u5{ .

lggLdf M -jfns;Fu c°dfn ub}{_ gfgL 5f]/f, ltdL cfof} <jfns M -¿Fb}_ cfdf===tkfO{+ < tkfO{+n] dnfO{ oqf] ;do ;Dd PSn} 5f]8]/

sxfF hfg' ePsf] lyof] <lggLdf M -¿Fb}_ gfgL, 5f]/f oxfFsf] /fIf;x¿n] dnfO{ zflGtn] afFRg' lbPg .

Tof] /fIf;x¿n] xfdLnfO{ l5Gg–leGg agfO{ lbof] . Tof] a]nfdf d}n]klg ltdLnfO{ Tof] /fIf;x¿af6 hf]ufpFg' ;lsg . t/, Tof] /fIf;x¿n]xfdLnfO{ l5Gg–leGg agfP klg d}n] ltdLnfO{ x/kn ;DemL/x]sf]lyPF, dfof ul//x]sf] lyPF . t/, gfgL, klxnf h] eP klg cab]lvltdLnfO{ slxNo} klg 5f]8\lbg x} .

jfns M -cfdfsf] ;Dk"0f{ n'uf emf]nfaf6 lgsfn]/ ¿Fb}_ cfdf, oL tkfO{+sf]u'Go", of] nfpg'xf];\ . cfdf, oL of] tkfO{+sf] rf]nf, of] rf]nf klgnufpg'xf];\ . clg cfdf, of] tkfO{+sf] asf]{, of] asf]{ klg cf]8\g'xf]; .


k|jL0f k'df M 88

of] ;a} n'uf d}n] hf]ufP/ NofO{lbPsf] 5', cfdf .lggLdf emg\ ¿G5 .vDa'xf]ªn] lggLdf / jfnsnfO{ Psf]xf]/f] x]/]/ cfFz' emf5{ .

lggLdf M -5f]/fnfO{ c°dfn u/]/ ¿Fb}_ gfgL, cab]lv ltdLn] dnfO{ 5f]8]/slx+ klg ghfpm x} .

jfns M -¿Fb}_ cfdf===.lggLdf M -jfnsnfO{ vDa'xf]ªsf] 5]pdf NofP/_ gfgL, 5f]/f . pxfF ltd|f]

cf’kf x'g'x'G5, cf’kfnfO{ ;]jf u/]/ cfzLjf{b dfu .jfnsn] vDa'xf]ªsf] v'§fdf 9f]U5 .

vDa'xf]ª M -jfnsnfO{ cfzLjf{b lb+b}_ efUodfgL x'g', gfgL .jfns M cfnfªg], cfKkf .lggLdf M vDa'xf]ª, of] xfd|f] klxnf] ;Gtfg, dfdLn'ª xf] .vDa'xf]ª M -dfdLn'ªnfO{ c·fnf]df af]Sb}_ P===¤ dfldn'ª . lggLdf, ca hfpmF,

xfd|} o'ªvf . ToxLF o'ªvfdf km]l/ 3/hd u/]/ ;Fu} a;f}F, h'gL–h'gL;Fu} latfpm, x'Fb}g <

lggLdf M -vDa'xf]ªsf] s'/f :jLsfb}{_ xj;\, vDa'xf]ª . n' hfpmF, xfd|} o'ªvf .vDa'xf]ªn] dfdLn'ªnfO{ c·fnf]df af]s]/ lggLdfnfO{ xftdf ;dfP/cufl8 a8\5 .g]kYodf ;fs]Gjf 7f]nf–dfgL / Rofa'|ªsf] cfjfh cfpF5 .vDa'xf]ª, dfdLn'ª / lggLdf uPlt/ k|sfz la:tf/} ljnog x'G5 .



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