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THE ANTARCTIC

TREATY

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The Antarctic Treaty System (ATS)

The Antarctic Treaty and relatedagreements are collectively calledas ATS

ATS regulates international

relations with respect to Antarctica.

ANTARCTICA

Antarctica is defined as all of theland and ice shelves south of 60Slatitude.

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The treaty entered into force on 23 June1961.

Original signatories 12 countries activein Antarctica during the International

Geophysical Year(IGY) of 1957-58.

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ATS was the first arms control agreement

established during Cold war. It sets aside Antarctica as a scientific

preserve. Establishes freedom of scientific

investigation. Bans military activity on that continent.

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The original signatories Argentina Australia Belgium Chile France Japan New Zealand Norway South Africa The Soviet Union

The United Kingdom The United States

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Articles of the Antarctic Treaty

Article 1:Area to be used for peacefulpurposes only; military activity, such asweapons testing is prohibited, but militarypersonnel and equipment may be used forscientific research or any other peacefulpurpose.

Article 2: Freedom of scientificinvestigations and co-operation shallcontinue.

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Article 3: Free exchange ofinformation and personnel incooperation with the United Nations

and other international agencies.

Article 4: the treaty does not

recognize ,dispute, nor establishterritorial sovereignty claims; no newclaims shall be asserted while thetreaty is in force.

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Article 5: Prohibits nuclear explosions ordisposal of radioactive wastes.

Article 6:Includes under the treaty all landand ice shelves but not the surroundingwaters south if 60 degrees 00 minutessouth.

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Article 9: Frequent consulative meetings takeplace among member nations.

Article 10: Treaty states will discourages

activities by any country in Antarctica that arecontrary to the treaty.

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Article 11: Disputes to be settled peacefullyby the parties concerned or ultimately bythe International Court of Justice.

Article 12,13,14: Deal with upholding,interpreting and amending the treatyamong involved nations.

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MEMBERS

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LEGAL SYSTEM

The majority of Antarctica isclaimed by one or morecountries.

Governments that are party tothe treaty and its protocol on

Environment Protectionimplement the articles of theagreements and decisions takenunder them, through nationallaws.

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MEETINGS

The ATSs yearly Antarctic TreatyConsulative Meetings (ATCM) are

the international forum for theadministration and managementof the region.

Only 28 of the 46 parties havethe right to participate. They arecalled as Consulative Parties.

Other 18 are allowed to attend.