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DISEÑO DE EQUIPOS E INSTALACIONES
Seleción de materiales y prevención de la corrosión Tablas.1
DISEÑO DE EQUIPOS E INSTALACIONES
Seleción de materiales y prevención de la corrosión Tablas.2
DISEÑO DE EQUIPOS E INSTALACIONES
Seleción de materiales y prevención de la corrosión Tablas.3
DISEÑO DE EQUIPOS E INSTALACIONES
Seleción de materiales y prevención de la corrosión Tablas.4
DISEÑO DE EQUIPOS E INSTALACIONES
Seleción de materiales y prevención de la corrosión Tablas.5
DISEÑO DE EQUIPOS E INSTALACIONES
Seleción de materiales y prevención de la corrosión Tablas.6
DISEÑO DE EQUIPOS E INSTALACIONES
Seleción de materiales y prevención de la corrosión Tablas.7
DISEÑO DE EQUIPOS E INSTALACIONES
Seleción de materiales y prevención de la corrosión Tablas.8
DISEÑO DE EQUIPOS E INSTALACIONES
Seleción de materiales y prevención de la corrosión Tablas.9
DISEÑO DE EQUIPOS E INSTALACIONES
Seleción de materiales y prevención de la corrosión Tablas.10
DISEÑO DE EQUIPOS E INSTALACIONES
Seleción de materiales y prevención de la corrosión Tablas.11
DISEÑO DE EQUIPOS E INSTALACIONES
Seleción de materiales y prevención de la corrosión Tablas.12
DISEÑO DE EQUIPOS E INSTALACIONES
Seleción de materiales y prevención de la corrosión Tablas.13
DISEÑO DE EQUIPOS E INSTALACIONES
Seleción de materiales y prevención de la corrosión Tablas.14
DISEÑO DE EQUIPOS E INSTALACIONES
Seleción de materiales y prevención de la corrosión Tablas.15
DISEÑO DE EQUIPOS E INSTALACIONES
Seleción de materiales y prevención de la corrosión Tablas.16
DISEÑO DE EQUIPOS E INSTALACIONES
Seleción de materiales y prevención de la corrosión Tablas.17
DISEÑO DE EQUIPOS E INSTALACIONES
Seleción de materiales y prevención de la corrosión Tablas.18
Acid solutions
Neutral solutions
Static or slow
movingTurbulent
Static or slow
movingTurbulent
Cast iron, flake graphite, plain or low-alloy 1 3 4 5 0 4 0 4 3 4 2
Ductile iron (higher strength and hardness may be attained by composition and heat treatment or both)
1 3 4 5 0 4 0 4 4 4 3
Ni-Resist corrosion-resistant cast irons 4 5 5 5 0 5 0 5 5 5 5
Durion-14% silicon iron 6 6 2 5 6 6 3 5 5 5 5
Mild steel, also low-alloy irons and steels 1 3 4 5 0 4 0 4 3 4 2
Stainless steel, ferritic 17%, Cr type 2 4 4 6 5 6 0 4 6 1 4
Stainless steel, austenitic 18 Cr; 8 Ni type 3 4 5 6 6 6 0 6 6 2 5
Stainless steel, austenitic 18 Cr; 12 Ni; 2.5 Mo type 4 5 5 6 5 6 1 6 6 3 5
Stainless steel, austenitic 20 Cr; 29 Ni; 2.5 Mo; 3.5 Cu type 5 6 5 6 5 6 2 2 6 4 6Incoloy 825 nickel-iron-chromium alloy (40 Ni; 21 Cr; 3 Mo; 1.5 Cu; balance Fe)
6 6 5 6 5 6 2 6 6 4 6
Hastelloy alloy C-276 (55 Ni; 17 Mo; 16 Cr;6 Fe; 4 W) 5 6 5 6 4 6 5 6 6 6 6
Hastelloy alloy B-2 (61 Ni; 28 Mo; 6 Fe) 6 5 4 4 0 3 0 6 6 4 4
Inconel 600 (78 Ni; 15 Cr; 7 Fe) 3 6 6 6 3 6 1 6 6 4 6
Copper-nickel alloys up to 30% nickel 4 5 5 0 0 4 1 6 6 6 6
Monel 400 nickel-copper alloy (66 Ni; 30 Cu; 2 Fe) 5 6 6 1 0 5 1 6 6 4 6
Nickel 200 commercial (99.4 Ni) 4 5 6 1 0 5 0 6 6 3 5
Copper and silicon bronze 4 4 4 0 0 4 0 6 5 4 1
Aluminum brass (76 Cu; 22 Zn; 2 Al) 3 4 2 0 0 3 0 6 6 4 5Nickel-aluminum bronze (80 Cu; 10 Al; 5 Ni; 5 Fe) 4 4 2 0 0 3 0 6 6 4 5Bronze, type A (88 Cu; 5 Sn; 5 Ni; 2 Zn) 4 5 4 0 0 4 0 6 6 5 5
Aluminum and its alloys 1 3 0 6 0-5 0-4 0 4 5 0-5 4
Lead, chemical or antimonial 5 5 2 2 0 2 0 6 5 5 3
Silver 4 6 6 0 0 2 0 6 6 5 5
Titanium 3 6 2 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6Zirconium 3 6 2 6 6 6 2 6 6 6 6
Pitting media^,
acid ferric chloride solutions
TABLE 28-2 General Corrosion Properties of Some Metals and Alloys* Nonoxidizing or reducing media Liquids
Freshwater supplies Seawater
Natural waters
6: Normally excellent.
excluding hydrochloric
e.g., phosphoric,
sulfuric, most
conditions, many
many nonoxidizin
g salt solutions, chlorides, sulfates
Caustic and mild
alkalies, excluding
ammonium hydroxide
Amonium hydroxide
and amines
Acid solutions e.g. nitric
Neutral or alkaline
solutions e.g.
persulfates, peroxides, chromates
5: Good to excellent.
Materials
Ratings: 0: Unsuitable. Not available in form required or not suitable for fabrication requirements or not suitable for corrosion conditions.1: Poor to fair.2: Fair. For mild conditions or when periodic replacement is possible. Restricted use.3: Fair to good.4: Good. Suitable when superior alternatives are uneconomic.
Alakine solutions Oxidizing media
Moist condensate
Dry at high temperature, promoting
slight dissociation
Reducing e.g., heat-treatment furnace gases
Oxidizing, e.g., flue
gases
Ambient air, city or
industrial
Moist, e.g., chlorine
below dew point
Dry, e.g., fluorine
above dew point
Cast iron, flake graphite, plain or low-alloy 4 4 1 1 3 0 2 0 2<400
1<750Ductile iron (higher strength and hardness may be attained by composition and heat treatment or both)
4 4 1 1 3 0 2 0 2<4001<750
Ni-Resist corrosion-resistant cast irons 5 5 3 2 4 0 2 3 3<400
2>750Durion-14% silicon iron 6 4 4 3 6 0 0 4 1<400
Mild steel, also low-alloy irons and steels 4 4 1 1 3 0 3 0 3<400
1<750
Stainless steel, ferritic 17%, Cr type 5 6 3 2 4 0 2 0 2<400
Stainless steel, austenitic 18 Cr; 8 Ni type 6 6 2 3 5 0 2 0 3<400
Stainless steel, austenitic 18 Cr; 12 Ni; 2.5 Mo type 6 6 2 4 6 0 3 2 4<400
Stainless steel, austenitic 20 Cr; 29 Ni; 2.5 Mo; 3.5 Cu type 6 6 2 4 6 1 3 3 4<400Incoloy 825 nickel-iron-chromium alloy (40 Ni; 21 Cr; 3 Mo; 1.5 Cu; balance Fe)
6 6 2 5 6 2 3 3 4<4003<750
Hastelloy alloy C-276 (55 Ni; 17 Mo; 16 Cr;6 Fe; 4 W) 6 6 3 4 6 5 4 4 4<750
Hastelloy alloy B-2 (61 Ni; 28 Mo; 6 Fe) 6 5 3 2 5 1 3 5 4<750
3<900
Inconel 600 (78 Ni; 15 Cr; 7 Fe) 6 6 2 4 6 2 5 3 5<4004<900
Copper-nickel alloys up to 30% nickel 6 5 2 2 5 1 5 2 4<4003<750
Monel 400 nickel-copper alloy (66 Ni; 30 Cu; 2 Fe) 6 6 2 3 5 2 6 3 6<400
3<750
Nickel 200 commercial (99.4 Ni) 6 6 2 2 4 2 6 2 6<400
Copper and silicon bronze 6 5 2 2 5 0 5 2 3<400
Aluminum brass (76 Cu; 22 Zn; 2 Al) 6 5 2 2 5 0 4 2 2<400Nickel-aluminum bronze (80 Cu; 10 Al; 5 Ni; 5 Fe) 6 5 2 3 5 0 4 3 3<400Bronze, type A (88 Cu; 5 Sn; 5 Ni; 2 Zn) 6 5 2 2 5 0 4 3 3<400
Aluminum and its alloys 5 2 5 4 5 0 6 0 3<400
Lead, chemical or antimonial 2 0 4 3 5 0 1 3 0
Silver 6 5 4 4 4 5 5 3 4<400
Titanium 6 5 3 5 6 6 0 1 0Zirconium 6 6 3 5 6 6 1 6 0
Halide acids,
moist, e.g., hydrochloric hydrolysis products of
organic halides
Hydrogen halides, dry,
e.g., dry hydrogen
chloride, ºF
Steam Furnace gases with Halogens
Common Industrial media Halogens and derivatives
TABLE 28-2 General Corrosion Properties of Some Metals and Alloys*
Materials
Gases
Cast iron, flake graphite, plain or low-alloy Cast No Fair¤ 45 6.7
Ductile iron (higher strength and hardness may be attained by composition and heat treatment or both)
Cast No Good¤ 67 7.5
Ni-Resist corrosion-resistant cast irons Cast No Good¤ 22-31 10.3
Durion-14% silicon iron Cast No No 22 7.4 Very brittle, susceptible to cracking by mechanical and thermal shock
Mild steel, also low-alloy irons and steels Wrought, cast Good Good 67 6.7
High strengths obtainable by alloying, also improved atmospheric corrosion resistence. See ASTM specifications for particular grade
Stainless steel, ferritic 17%, Cr type Wrought, cast, clad Good Good¤ 78 6.0 AISI type 430
ASTM corrosion- and heat-resisting steels
Stainless steel, austenitic 18 Cr; 8 Ni type
Wrought, cast, clad Good Good 90 9.6
AISI type 304ASTM corrosion- and heat-resisting steels; stabilized or LC types used for welding
Stainless steel, austenitic 18 Cr; 12 Ni; 2.5 Mo type
Wrought, cast, clad Good Good 90 8.9
AISI type 316ASTM corrosion- and heat-resisting steel; LC type used for welding
Stainless steel, austenitic 20 Cr; 29 Ni; 2.5 Mo; 3.5 Cu type Wrought, cast Good Good 90 9.4 ACI CH-7M; good resistance to sulfuric, phosphoric, and fatty
acids at elevated temperaturesIncoloy 825 nickel-iron-chromium alloy (40 Ni; 21 Cr; 3 Mo; 1.5 Cu; balance Fe)
Wrought, cast, clad Good Good 100 7.3 Special alloy with good resistance to sulfuric, phosphoric, and
fatty acids; resistant to chlorides in some environments
Hastelloy alloy C-276 (55 Ni; 17 Mo; 16 Cr;6 Fe; 4 W)
Wrought, cast, clad Fair Good 145 6.3 Excellent resistance to wet chlorine gas and sodium
hypochlorite solutionsHastelloy alloy B-2 (61 Ni; 28 Mo; 6 Fe)
Wrought, cast, clad Fair Good 135 5.6 Resistant to solutions of hydrochloric and sulfuric acids
Inconel 600 (78 Ni; 15 Cr; 7 Fe) Wrought, cast, clad Good Good 90 8.9 Wide application in food and pharmaceutical industries
Copper-nickel alloys up to 30% nickel Wrought, cast, clad Good Good 38-62 9.3-8.5 High-iron types excellent for resisting high-velocity effects in
condenser tubes
Monel 400 nickel-copper alloy (66 Ni; 30 Cu; 2 Fe)
Wrought, cast, clad Good Good 77 7.5
Widely used for sulfuric acid pickling equipment; also for propeller shafts in motor boats; precautions needed to avoid sulfur attack during fabrication
Nickel 200 commercial (99.4 Ni) Wrought, cast, clad Good Good 54 6.6 Widely used for hot concentrated caustic solutions;
precautions needed to avoid sulfur attack during fabrication
Copper and silicon bronze Wrought, cast, clad Excellent Fair 29 9.3-9.5 Unsuitable for hot concentrated mineral acids or for high-
velocity HF
Aluminum brass (76 Cu; 22 Zn; 2 Al) Wrought, cast Good Fair 60 10.3 Possibility of developing localized corrosion in seawater
Nickel-aluminum bronze (80 Cu; 10 Al; 5 Ni; 5 Fe) Wrought, cast Good Fair 60-80 9.4 Ship propellers an excellent application
Bronze, type A (88 Cu; 5 Sn; 5 Ni; 2 Zn) Cast No ¤ 45 11.0 High strengths obtained by heat treatment; not susceptible to
Aluminum and its alloys Wrought, cast, clad Good Good 9-90 11.5-13.7
Extent of corrosion dependent upon type and concentration of acidic ions; wide range of mechanical properties obtainable by acidic ions; wide range of mechanical properties obtainable by alloying and heat treatment
Lead, chemical or antimonial Wrought, cast, clad Excellent Good 2 16.4-15.1 High purity "chemical lead" preferred for most applications
Silver Wrought, cast, clad Excellent Good 21 10.6 Used as a lining
Titanium Wrought, cast Fair Good¤ 6-90 5.0 Possibility of red fuming HNO3 initiating explosions; good resistance to solutions containing chlorides
Zirconium Wrought, cast Fair Good¤
Remarks
TABLE 28-2 General Corrosion Properties of Some Metals and Alloys*
Materials Available forms
Cold formability in wrought and clad
form
Weldability
Maximum strength annealed
condition * 1000lb./in.in
.
Coefficient of thernal
expansion, millionths per F, 70-
212 F
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