adbbekfppfkplkovrfiafkdp kambhdolrkabiboqflkarofkd ...npto=...

=

NPTM=

SWrucWural Analysis of HisWorical ConsWrucWions – Jerzy Jasieńko (ed) © 2012 DPNH ProcławH PolandH ISSN 0860-2395H ISBN 978-83-7125-216-7

aAMAdb MbCeAkfpMp fk MAplkov Brfiafkdp Aka mbAh dolrka ACCbiboAqflk arofkd qeb OMMV bAoqenrAhb fk ABorwwl EfqAivF =Marco=AndreiniNI=Anna=ae=calcoOI=Mauro=passuP===ABpqoACq =

qhe=earthquake=çccurred=çn=Sth=April=OMMV=in=Abruzzç=has=been=characterized=by=distinctive=features=in=terms=çf=macrç-seismic=intensity=and=lçcal=amplificatiçnsW=the=damages=tç=similar=buildings=lçcated=in= nearby= areas= were= çften= substantially= different.= fn= this= paper= an= estimate= çf= the= peak= grçund=acceleratiçn=EmdAF=map= has=been=perfçrmed=analysing= the=çbserved=damage=mechanisms=and=using=cçnventiçnal=tççls=fçr=the=seismic=vulnerability=assessment.=qhe=case=here=described=cçncerns=the=area=arçund=pan=miç=delle=CamereI=lçcated=at=UMM=m=a=s.l.=and=OS=km=far=frçm=i’Aquila=Ethe=earthquake=epicentreF.=qhe=zçne=is=marked=by=relevant=seismic=vulnerability=and=subjected=tç=lçcal=amplificatiçn=effects=due=tç=variability=çf=sçil=type.=fn=the=histçric=centre=çf=pan=miç=delle=Camere=the=damages=were=much=less=severe=than=thçse=in=the=nearby=CastelnuçvçI=which=is=çnly= O.R= km= far= and= where=almçst= cçmplete= destructiçn= çccurred= even= in=presence= çf= similar= pççr=masçnry=building=types.=qhe= trigger=acceleratiçn=çf=the=recçgnised=damage=mechanisms=fçr= every=building=nçt=cçllapsed=has=been= interpreted= as= the= anchçrage= value= attained= by= the= lçcal= mdA.= rsing= the= seismic= vulnerability=assessment=tççlsI=the=capacity=acceleratiçn=calculated=fçr=the=buildings=that=were=cçmpletely=destructed=may=represent=the=minimum=value=attained=by=the=lçcal=mdA.=qhe=mdA=was=alsç=deduced=using=the=attenuatiçn=lawI=çn=the=basis=çf=actual=values=recçrded=by=sçme=accelerçmetric= statiçns= in= the= çverall= zçne= arçund= the= epicentre.= cinallyI= the= critical= cçmparisçn=amçng=all=results=allçws=tç=appreciate=alsç=the=extent=çf=the=site=effects.==heywords:= barthquakeI=aamage=mechanismI=Masonry=buildingI=pite=effects===NK fkqolarCqflk =qhe=Sth=April=OMMV=earthquake=in=AbruzzçI=the=largest=event=in=a=seismic=sequence=that=started=a=few=mçnths= earlierI= tççk=place=arçund=iDAquilaI= in=a= central=Apennine=areaI= alçng=a=nçrmal= fault=with=kt-pb=trendI=the=same=directiçn=as=many=çf=the=majçr=tectçnic=structures=visible=çn=the=surface.=qhe=area=mçst= intensely=affected=by=the=main=shçck=rçughly=cçrrespçnds= tç=the=valleys= çf= the=Aternç=oiver=and=çf=its=right=tributary=oaiç=Creek=and=the=plateau=extending=tç=the=west=çf=the=Aternç=salley.=qhe=event=shçwed=very=singular=features=in=terms=çf=macrç-seismic=intensity=and=lçcal=amplificatiçns=in=a=regiçn=where=the=geçlçgical=cçmpçsitiçn=is=very=cçmplex=and=the=mçrphçlçgy=çf=the=sçil=is=rather=variableW=in=the=map=taken=frçm=xNz=Ecig.=NFI=the=exceptiçnal=seismic=intensity=recçrded=is=shçwn.=fn= particularI= in= additiçn= tç= the= large= amçunt= çf= the= seismic= vertical= cçmpçnentI= çne= can= nçte=a=preferential=directiçn=çf=the=highest=intensity=recçrdedI=that=is=aligned=pb-kt=with=the=prçjectiçn=çf=the=main=seismic=sçurceI=the=sç-called=maganica=fault.=qhe=damage=amçunt=depends=surely=çn=the=quality=çf=the=buildingsI=but=the=different=damage=levelsI=in=this=caseI=likely=result=frçm=variatiçns=in=lçcal=seismic=respçnseI=primarily=due=tç=the=lithçstratigraphic=characteristics= çf= the=subsçilW= many=amplificatiçn=phençmena=are=due= tç= the= specific= features= çf= the=

================================================N=mh.a.=ptudentI=aepartment=çf=Civil=bngineeringI=rniversity=çf=misaI=marcç.andreini]dic.unipi.it=O=Assistant=mrçfessçrI=aepartment=çf=Civil=bngineeringI=rniversity=çf=misaI=a.defalcç]ing.unipi.it=P=Assçciate=mrçfessçrI=aepartment=çf=Civil=bngineeringI=rniversity=çf=misaI=m.sassu]ing.unipi.it==

=

NPTN=

sçilI= that=cçnsists=mainly=çf=a=limestçne=bedrçck=and=a= layer=çf=alluvial=sediments=with=clay=and=siltsI=whçse=thickness=reaches=even=values=çf=NMM=m.=As=an=example=çne=can=nçte=the=case=çf=dçrianç=picçliI=at=RM=km=frçm=the=epicentre=EiDAquilaFI=where=the=recçrded=seismic=intensity=is=sf-sff=jCpI=very=high=in=cçmparisçn=with=çther=centres= lçcated=at=a=similar=distance=frçm=the=epicentre.==

=

cigK N=pynçptic=map=çf=the=jCp=seismic=intensity=surveyed=after=the=OMMV=earthquake==

qhe=case=study=çf=this=wçrk=cçncerns=twç=nearby=centresI=lçcated=at=abçut=OR=km=frçm=the=epicentreI=at=çnly= O.R= km= each= çtherI= Castelnuçvç= Ecig.= NF= and= pan= miç= delle= CamereI= which= experienced= very=different= macrçseismic= intensity=during= the= earthquake.= Althçugh=bçth=villages= are= characterized=by=very= similar= cçnstructiçn= types= with= “pççr”= stçnewçrk= and= masçnry= buildingsI= the= macrçseismic=intensity= in=pan=miç= delle=Camere=was= s-sf=jCpI= cçnsistently=much= less= than= that= in=CastelnuçvçI=where=it =was=fu-u=jCp.=qhese=differences=are=prçbably=due=tç=the=presence=çf =shake=amplificatiçn=phençmena=caused=by=the=lithçstratigraphic=and=mçrphçlçgical=features=çf=the=sçil.=At =the =first =instanceI =the =analysis =çf =a =large =number =çf =damage =mechanisms =has =prçvided =sçme =pçssible=values=çf=the=activatiçn=acceleratiçnI=that=can=be=interpreted=as=the=minimum=value=çf=the=peak=sçil=acceleratiçn=EmdAF=during=the=main=shçck.=As=further=cçnsideratiçnI=the=cçnventiçnal=analysis=çf=vulnerability=prçvides=the=upper=limit=çf=the=mdA=during=the=main=shçck.=fn=this=wayI=it=is=pçssible=tç=assess=the=actual=difference=çf=the=seismic=actiçns=in=bçth=villages.=qhe=çppçrtunity=çf=this=study=was=çffered=by=the=financing=çf=quscany=aistrict=thatI=in=OMNM=and=OMNNI=fçunded= stages= fçr= yçung= under= graduating= students= in= pan= miç= delle= Camere.= As= tutçrsI= we= had=cçnsequently=the=pçssibility=çf=analysing=a=great=number=çf=specific=damages=in=bçth=villagesI=with=the=aim=tç=deduce=infçrmatiçn=abçut=the=lçcal=seismic=respçnse.=jçreçverI=since=nç=accelerçmetric=recçrds=during=the=main=shçck=are=available=in=lçcç=as=a=suppçrt=çf=these= qualitative= evaluatiçnsI= a= first= estimate= çf= respçnse= spectrum= fçr= bçth= villages= pan= miç= delle=Camere= and= Castelnuçvç= has= been= calculated= çn= the= basis= çf= the= data= recçrded= by= the= nearby=accelerçmetric=statiçns=çf=the=katiçnal=Accelerçmetric=ket= Ethe=ftalian=oAkFI=using=a=prçper=signal-distance=attenuatiçn=law. =CçnsequentlyI =cçmparing=the=results =with=thçse=frçm=the=assessment =çf =the=cçllapse=mechanismsI=the=amçunt=çf=the=seismic=lçcal=amplificatiçn=cçefficient=has=been=evaluated.==OK aAMAdb Aka pbfpMfC fkqbkpfqv

OKNK poil amplification and quality of the buildings qhe=village=çf=Castelnuçvç=EUNM-USM=m=elevatiçnF=is=settled=çn=the=tçp=çf=an=elliptical=hillI= just=SM=m=abçve=the=surrçunding=alluvial=plainI=OQ=km=far=frçm=the=epicentre=çf=the=OMMV=earthquake.=qhe=subsçil=çf=the=upper=part=çf=the=hill=is=cçnstituted=by=a=unit=çf=weakly=cemented=sand=with=inter-cçllated=gravel=and=cçnglçmerateI=çn=a=sçft=carbçnate=silt=fçrmatiçnI=lying=çn=fluviç-lacustrine=depçsits.=qhe=nearby=village=çf=pan=miç=delle=Camere=is=a=hill=slçpe=village=built=çn=a=carbçnate=bedrçckI=at=the=base=çf=the=dentile=jçuntI=UPM=m=a.s.l.I=abçut=O.R=km=sçuth-east=çf=Castelnuçvç.=qhe=stratigraphy=çf=

=

NPTO=

the=subsçil=is=characterized=by=a=carbçnate=bedrçck=çverlaid=by=breccias=in=the=upper=part=çf=the=village=and=alternative=layers=çf=cçntinental=drifts=çf=silts=and=clay=in=the=lçwer=part.==

=

cigK O=pimplified=geçlçgic=crçss=sectiçns=thrçugh=pan=miç=delle=Camere=and=Castelnuçvç==As= many= centres= çf= the= Aternç= salleyI= the= twç= villages= are= bçth= characterised= by= undergrçund=chambersI=frçm=which=pan=miç=delle=Camere=takes=its=nameI=excavated=under=the=buildings=in=the=rçck=çr=in=the=sedimentary=cçlluviums.=qhe=exact=impact=çf=their=presence=çn=the=seismic=amplificatiçn=is=still= under= evaluatiçnI= but= a= higher= damage= level= has= been= detected= in= the=buildings= with=hypçgean=cavities.=qhe= typçlçgy= çf= buildings= are= very= similar= in= bçth= villagesI= cçnsisting= çf= O-P= stçries= masçnry=structuresI= sçme= çf= which= retrçfitted= with= irçn= strut= cçnnectiçns.= qhe= earthquake= generated= many=damagesI= crack=patterns= in= the=exteriçr= and= interiçr= wallsI= çut= çf=plane=mechanisms=and=cçllapses=çf=thin= vaulted= structures= at= the= upper= flççrs.= CastelnuçvçI= that= exhibits= the= heaviest= damageI= was=nevertheless=almçst=destrçyed.=qhe=great=amçunt=çf=severe=damages=is=dueI=çn=çne=handI=tç=the=bad=state=çf=cçnservatiçn=çf=abçut=çne=half= çf= the= structural= unitsI= çn= the= çther= handI= tç= the= intrinsic= vulnerability= çf= the= mçst= part= çf=cçnstructiçns=in=the=histçric=centreI=made=çf=rçugh=blçcks=and=very=pççr=mçrtar=with=irregular= texture=and=nç=transversal=cçnnectiçns.=qhe=differential=damage=çf=the=twç=villagesI=in=his=turnI=is=due=tç=the=lçcal=amplificatiçn=prçduced=by=the=sçilW=the=large=thickness=çf=the=lacustrine=depçsits=surely=prçmçted=the=amplificatiçn=çf=the=seismic=actiçn=in=Castelnuçvç.==

= = = =

cigK P=crçm=the=left=sideW=aF=and=bF=cçllapsed=buildings=in=Castelnuçvç=–=cF=and=dF=damage=mechanisms=in=pan=miç=delle=Camere=

=qhe=seismic=micrçzçnatiçn=studies=xOz=perfçrmed=after=OMMV=assigned=a=lçcal=amplificatiçn=cçefficient=çf=N-N.O=tç=the=upper=part=çf=pan=miçI=where=the=histçric=centre=is=lçcated=and=the=rçcks=crçp=çutI=and=higher=than=OI=with=a=maximum=value=çf=O.RI=elsewhere.=fn=CastelnuçvçI=the=value=is=O.O=at=the=tçp=çf=the=village=and=higher=elsewhereI=reaching=higher=values=than=O.R=in=the=area=arçund=the=hill.=ft=is=alsç=nçtewçrthy=that=the=damage=at=the=tçp=çf=the=village=çf=Castelnuçvç=was=cçnsiderably=mçre=severe=than=at=the=base.==OKOK Analysis of the damage mechanisms fn=çrder=tç=deduce=the=minimum=value=çf=the=mdA=attained=during=the=main=shçckI=many=çut-çf-plane=mechanisms=have=been=analysed= in=this= wçrk.=qhe=selected=building=aggregates=cçnsist= essentially=çf=stçne= masçnry= cçnstructiçnsI= always= representative= çf= the= usual= typçlçgy.= fn= çrder= tç= cçmpute= the=activatiçn=multiplier=a0,=a=simple=cinematic=mçdel=is=used.=

=

NPTP=

A =meaningful =example =is =the =mechanism =çf =the =church =çf =pan =mietrç =Celestinç =in =pan =miç =delle =Camere=Ecig.=QFW=in=the=upper=part=çf=the=façade=it=is=quite=evident=and=the=simple=geçmetry=makes=çur=evaluatiçns=mçre=reliable=than=thçse=deduced=frçm=the=çther=mechanisms.=jçreçverI= as= the= mechanism= çf= the= whçle= facade= is= surely= nçt= activatedI= the= relative= activatiçn=acceleratiçn=can=be=interpreted=as=a=mdA=value=nçt=yet=attainedI=that=is=an=upper=limit=çf=the=mdA.=qhe=multiplier=a0 which=entails=the=activatiçn=çf=the=mechanism=çf=the=upper=part=çf=the=façade=is==

= MVN.MM ==p

oc

MM

a = ENF=

=thereW=Moc=Z=stabilising=mçment=due=tç=the=self=weightI=Mp=Z=çverturning=mçment=due=tç=the=seismic=fçrces=acting=with=acceleratiçn=g.=qhe=spectral=activatiçn=acceleratiçn=aG=at=the=height=çf= the=hinge=çf=the=mechanism=can=be=calculated=frçm=the=multiplier=a0 =

= gge

a ×== VS.MG

G Ma = EOF=

=whereW=eG=Z=participating=mass=ratiç=equal=tç=M.VPI=g=Z=gravity=acceleratiçn.=pince= the= hinge=çf= the= macrç-element= is= lçcated=at= an= height= EzF= çf =abçut =U =m=frçm=the =base =çf =the =buildingI= the= value= çf= the= spectral= acceleratiçn= at= the= sçil= aMG= which= activates= the= mechanism= is=generally= lçwer= than= aG.= qhusI= fçllçwing= the= suggestiçns= çf= the= current= ftalian= technical= cçde=Eqechnical=ptandards= fçr= CçnstructiçnsI= OMMUFI= the=sçil= acceleratiçn=aMG= has= been= determined= as= the=minimum=value=between=aGI=calculated=frçm=EOFI=fçr=the=case=çf=the=hinge=at=the=sçil=level=Ez=Z=MFI=and=the=anchçr=acceleratiçn=ag=çf=the=respçnse=spectrum=having=the=spectral=çrdinate=peEqNF=equal=tç=== peEqNF===aG=LEzLhF= EPF==whereW=h=Z=building=height=equal=tç=NQ=mI=qN=Z=natural=periçd=çf=the=whçle=structure.=As=rçugh=apprçximatiçnI=qN=has=been=suppçsed=prçpçrtiçnal=tç=hPLQ=and=its=value=is=M.P=s.==

== = = =

cigK Q=lut=çf=plane=mechanism=çf=the=tympanum=çf=the=church=çf=pan=mietrç=Celestinç=in=pan=miç=delle=Camere==fn= çrder= tç= çbtain= agI =it =is =necessary =tç =knçw =the =maximum =spectral =amplificatiçn =factçr =çn =the =reference= sçil= bedrçck= cMI= and= the= threshçld= between= the= cçnstant= acceleratiçn= and= the= cçnstant=velçcity= regiçns= çf= the= respçnse= spectrum= qc.= As= cM= and= qc= depend= çn= the= return= periçd= çf= the=earthquakeI=the=anchçr=acceleratiçn=ag=shçuld=be=deduced=frçm=an=iterative=prçcess.=fn=çur= caseI= the=anchçr= acceleratiçn=can= be=çbtained=by=dividing=the= spectral=çrdinate=peEqNF=by=the=maximum=spectral=amplificatiçn=factçr=cMI=whçse=value=is=abçut=O.RW=== aMG=Z=min=EaGI=peEqNFLcMF=Z=M.UP=g= EQF==jçreçverI= the=activatiçn=acceleratiçn=çf=the=whçle=façade=has=been=calculated=taking=intç=accçunt=the=stabilising=cçntributiçn=çf=the=twç=irçn=struts=anchçred=çver=the=main=cçrnice=and=running=çrthçgçnal=tç=the=façade.=pince=it=is=very=difficult=tç=appreciate=the=trust=çf=the=arcadeI=it=has=been=neglectedI=with=

=

NPTQ=

the=cçnsequence= that= the= estimated=mdA=results= higher.= CçnsequentlyI= the=spectral= acceleratiçn=aMG=dçes=nçt=çvercçme=M.NS=g.=ln= the=basis= çf= the= çther= numerçus= mechanisms= analysedI= the= maps= çf= the=activatiçn= acceleratiçns=have= been= drçwn= up= Ecig.= QFI= with= the= indicatiçn= çf= the= areas= with= cçnstant= lçcal= amplificatiçn=cçefficient=xOz=assigned=by=the=micrçzçnatiçn=studies.=fn= the= histçric= centre= çf= pan= miç= delle= Camere= a= relatively= unifçrm= distributiçn= çf= activatiçn=acceleratiçns=can=be=çbservedI=with=an=average=value=çf=M.MVQ=g.=jçving=tçward=the=valleyI=where=the=lçcal=amplificatiçn=factçr=çvercçmes=OI=values=between=M.NP=g=and=M.NR=g=have=been=calculated.=ln=the=cçntraryI=in=Castelnuçvç=an=average=value=çf=abçut=M.NQ=g=has=been=deducedI=with=a=maximum=çf=M.NU=g.=ft=seems=that=the=highest=value=çf=the=sçil=acceleratiçn=are=attained=at=the=tçp=çf=the=hillI=where=the=lçcal=amplificatiçn=factçr=dçes=nçt=take=çn=the=maximum=value=xOz.==OKPK qhe vulnerability assessment As=further=analysisI=a=vulnerability=assessment= fçr=PP=buildings=aggregates=has=been=executedI=NS= in=pan=miç=and=T=in=CastelnuçvçI=with=the=aim=tç=appreciate=bçth=the=unifçrmity=çf=the=building=quality=and=the=base=acceleratiçn=value=which=induces=the=cçllapse.=fn= particularI= vulnerability= estimatiçn= has= been= perfçrmed= thrçugh= a= secçnd= level= assessment= fçrm=prçpçsed=by=xPzI=develçped=by=xQz=and=mçre=recently=updated=by=quscany=aistrict=xRzW=starting=frçm=a=certain= number= çf= parameters= regarding= the= structural= geçmetry= and= the= mechanical= features= çf= the=materialsI=a=cçmbinatiçn=çf=scçres=allçws=us=tç=çbtain=a=vulnerability=index=included=in=the=range=EMINF.=crçm=this=indexI=the=peak=sçil=acceleratiçn=that=can=induce=the=cçllapse=Ethe=mdA=–=capacityF=has=been=calculated==

= mdAc=Z=NL=EacHbc·s=gF= ERF==whereW=s=Z=vulnerability=indexI=ac=Z=N.RPTNI=bc=Z=M.MMMVTQ=and=g=Z=N.UMUTI=as=prçpçsed=by=xSz=and=xTz.=crçm=this= cçnventiçnal=analysisI= the=average=sçil=acceleratiçn=that= can=induce=the=cçllapse=has=been=deducedW=in=pan=miç=delle=Camere=it=results=equal=tç=abçut=M.PNU=gI=with=a=minimum=çf=M.OSO=gI=and=in=Castelnuçvç=equal=tç=abçut=M.P=gI=with=a=minimum=çf=M.OR=g.=qhe=reasçn=çf=this=differenceI=even=if=lçwI=cçuld=lie=in=the=shape=çf=the=aggregatesW=in=Castelnuçvç=it=is=generally=lengthenedI=in=pan=miç=it=is=mçre=cçmpactI=with=a=shape=ratiç=mçre=favçurable.=pçI=the=upper=limit=çf=the=peak=sçil=acceleratiçn=in=Castelnuçvç=can=be=identified=with=the=mdAc=çf=the=tçtally=cçllapsed=buildingsI=that=is=abçut=M.OT=g.=As=a=resultI=the=mdA=during=the=main=shçck=in=the=histçric=centre=çf=pan=miç=was=higher=than=M.MUP=g=Ededuced=frçm=the=mechanism=çf=the=upper=part=çf=the=façade=çf=the=church=çf=pan=mietrç=CelestinçF=and=less=than=MINO=gI=whereas=in=Castelnuçvç=it=was=cçmprised=between=M.NU=g=and=M.OT=g.==

=

cigK R=jap=çf=the=base=acceleratiçns=in=the=histçric=centres=çf=pan=miç=delle=Camere=and=Castelnuçvç=Eçn=the=left=and=the=right=sideI=respectivelyF=–=in=red=the=activatiçn=acceleratiçn=çf=the=mechanismsI=in=blue=the=mdAc=values=

=PK A obpmlkpb pmbCqorM clo CApqbikrlsl

PKNK qhe oAk stations fn=çrder=tç=appreciate=in=a=different=way=the=value=çf=the=mdA=attained=in=Castelnuçvç=and=in=pan=miç=delle= Camere= during= the= main= shçck= çf= the= Sth= April= OMMV= earthquakeI= the= signals= in= terms= çf=acceleratiçn=recçrded=in=eight=nearby=statiçns=çf=the=ftalian=oAk=Ecig.=SF=have=been=analysed.=

=

NPTR=

ptarting= frçm= the= respçnse= spectrum= calculated= at= every= statiçnI= twç= fçrecasting= methçd= have= been=emplçyed.=tith=the=first=çneI=based=çn=the=signal-distance=attenuatiçn=lawI=the=sçil=acceleratiçn=at=any=pçint=has=been=çbtained=as=average=çf=the=recçrded=values=weighted=by=the=distance=frçm=every=statiçnX=with= the=secçnd=çneI= the=sçil=acceleratiçn=has=been=cçmputed= thanks= tç=an=apprçximating=surface= in=Cartesian=cççrdinatesI=çbtained=by=a=regressiçn=analysis=as=frçm=the=recçrded=values.=At =firstI =in =bçth =casesI =the =sçil =acceleratiçn =at =every =statiçn =has =been =referred =tç =the =bedrçck =by =dividing=its=value=by=the=lçcal=amplificatiçn=cçefficient=pI =deduced=frçm=the=ftalian=regulatiçn=çn=the=basis=çf= the= typçlçgy=çf= the=subsçil=and=the=tçpçgraphy=çf= the=site.=qhe=main=site=parameters=çf= the=statiçns=deduced=frçm=xUz=are=listed=belçw=Eqab.=NF.=qhe=site=parameters=çf=every=statiçn=has=been=assigned=in=a=fully=cçnventiçnal=mannerW=these=dençted=with=a=star=have=been=classified=withçut=a=prçper=experimental=characterisatiçn.==

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Cik= QO.MUR= NP.RON= Celanç= AG= qO= PN.S= N.N= OQ.S= UV.PU= UN.NV= QR.MO=Asw= QO.MOT= NP.QOS= Avezzanç= CG= qN= PQ.V= N.R= PQ.N= ST.SV= RQ.UM= OS.NO=loC= QN.VRQ= NP.SQO= lrtucchiç= AG= qN= QV.Q= N= PT.V= QM.QQ= SQ.QM= PM.RN=pri= QO.MUV= NP.VPQ= pulmçna= CG= qO= RS.R= N.RR= PS.M= OT.NR= PP.SS= OP.RT=

dpA= QO.QON= NP.RNV= dran=passç=EAssergiF= _G= qN= NT.S= N.O= NS.S= NQO.QP= NQU.US= NMT.NN=

jqo= QO.ROQ= NP.OQR= jçntereale= AG= qP= OO.Q= N.O= QM.M= SO.OP= QP.MM= OO.SU=

Ans= QO.PPQ= NP.PPQ= iDAquila=EAternç=salleyF= _= qN= OU.P= N.O= OR.P= RPR.OM= SQQ.OR= QUS.SR=

Ceq= QO.PTM= NQ.NQU= Chieti= _G= qN= QN.R= N.O= QP.Q= OV.QP= OT.VO= NS.TV==PKOK qhe method of the weighted average tith=the=first=methçdI=the=site=acceleratiçn=referred=tç=the=bedrçck=in=Castelnuçvç=has=been=estimated=thrçugh= the= signal-distance= attenuatiçn= law= çf= pabetta= C= mugliese= xVz= which= prçvides= the= sçil=acceleratiçn= agiI= as= a= functiçn= çf= the= magnitudç= M= ERIU= fçr= the= main= shçck= in= OMMVF= and= çf= the=epicentral=distance=dei=Ein=kmF.=Accçrding=tç=the=expressiçn=fçr=the=ftalian=areaI=we=have==

= pmiig pdeMa ×++-×+-= NVR.MORlçgPSP.MUQR.NFlçgE O = ESF==whereW=ppm=Z=cçefficient=çf=pabetta=C=mugliese=Eequal=tç=N=fçr=shallçw=sçilI=M=fçr=deep=çr=hard=sçilF.=qhe=sçil=acceleratiçn=in=Castelnuçvç=pe`=has=been=çbtained=thrçugh=a=weighted=average=çf=the=values=çf=the=anchçrage=acceleratiçns=pei=çf=the=respçnse=spectra=çf=every=statiçn==

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=whereW=agi=Z=lçcal=acceleratiçn=at=the=statiçn=i=estimated=by=ESFI=ag`=Z=lçcal=acceleratiçn=at=Castelnuçvç=estimated=by=ESFI=d`i=Z=distance=çf=every=statiçn=frçm=Castelnuçvç.=

=

NPTS=

pçI=nearer=is=the=statiçnI=higher=is=its=cçntributiçn.=qhe=estimatiçnI=in=this=caseI=has=been=çbtained=using=the=statiçns=CikI=AswI=loCI=priI=dpA=and=jqo.=qhe=resulting=base=acceleratiçn=referred=tç=the=bedrçck=is=M.MUM=g=at=Castelnuçvç=and=M.MTR=g=at=pan=miç=delle=Camere.==PKPK qhe method of the approximating surface puccessivelyI= a= secçnd= methçd= has= been= develçpedI= in= çrder= tç= have= a= cçmparisçn= with= the= fçrmer=çne.=fn=particularI=a=parametric=equatiçn=fçrm=describing=the=pattern=çf=the=sçil=acceleratiçn=referred=tç=the=bedrçck=in=the=area=çf=Castelnuçvç=has=been=defined.= fn=çrder=tç=take=intç=accçunt=the=attenuatiçn=effect= signal-distance=and= the=asymmetry=çf= the=macrçseismic= effects= çbserved= in= the= whçle=area= in=respect=tç=pb-kt=directiçn=as=wellI=the=parametric=equatiçn=has=the=fçllçwing=expressiçn==

= RPORFOOElnQTSON NMFEFEFIE

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é +++×-×+×+×+= = EVF=

=whereW=cN=–=cT=Z=parameters=tç=be=deduced=by=a=regressiçn=analysis.=bquatiçn=EVF=is=referred=tç=the=spatial=cççrdinates=system=El;=xI=yF=where=the=çrigin=is=at=the=epicentre=çf=the=earthquake=and=the=axis=x=and=y=are=çriented=alçng=kt-pb=and=pt-kb=directiçnsI=respectively.=lnce= the= vectçr= çf= sçil= acceleratiçns= recçrded= at= every= statiçn= is= setI= using= the= minimum= square=methçdI=the=set=çf=parameters=ci=has=been=calculated=minimising=the=errçr=çf=the=values=predicted=by=EVF=in=respect=tç=the=çbserved=çnes.=qhe=lçcatiçns=çf=the=selected=statiçns=is=repçrted=in=Ecig.=SF.=qhe= sçil= acceleratiçn= referred= tç= the= bedrçck= at= bçth= villages= has= been= calculated= intrçducing= the=cççrdinates=çf=every=site=intç=the=final=equatiçn=çf=the=surface.=jçreçverI= in=çrder= tç= take= intç=accçunt= çf= the=uncertainties= in= the= estimate=çf= the= lçcal= amplificatiçn=cçefficient=p= at= the=statiçnsI= which= allçws= tç= refer= the=acceleratiçns= tç= the=bedrçckI= several= regressiçn=analyses=have=been=perfçrmed=using=different=values=çf=the=site=parameter=p.=qhe=set=çf=parameters=ci=are=listed=abçve=Eqab.=OF=in=the=cases=where=the=cçefficient=p=fçr=dpA=and=Ans=is=equal=tç=N=and=tç=N.O.==

qable O pet=çf=cçefficient=ci=çbtained=by=the=regressiçn=analyses=fçr=different=values=çf=cçefficient=p=in=the=statiçns=dpA=and=Ans.=ECApb=NW=pdpA=Z=pAns=Z=N=–=CApb=OW=pdpA=Z=pAns=Z=N.OF=

=

= cN cO cP cQ cR cS cT Case N ON.MPP= M.MMPNQR= M.PNSU= N.NTMT= P.UNQ= NN.UQ= SMN=Case O OS.QNP= O.TMNN= -M.QQVT= N.MRVQ= -M.RUU= NP.SO= RVVQ=

=

= =

cigK S=jap=çf=the=selected=oAk=statiçns=Eçn=the=left=sideF=–=Apprçximating=surface=çf=the=site=acceleratiçn=referred=tç=the=bedrçckI=with=the=indicatiçn=çf=the=statiçns=Eçn=the=right=sideF=

=qhe=gççdness=çf= the=analysis= is= cçnfirmed=by= the=value=çf= the=cçefficient= çf=cçrrelatiçn=between= the=çbserved=and=predicted=valuesW=M.VVTQO=in=the=first=case=and=M.VVSNQ=in=the=secçndI=with=an=explained=variance= çf= VV.QUB= and= VV.OPBI= respectively.= qhe= percentage= differences= between= çbserved= and=

=

NPTT=

predicted=values=are=higher=in=the=farthest=sites=frçm=CastelnuçvçI=the=least=significantI=as=well.=fn=the=nearest=siteI=AnsI=dpAI=jqo=and=CikI=the=differences=are=practically=negligible.=qhe=resulting=surface=fçr=the=case=N=is=presented=with=the=cçlçured=cçntçur=lines=that=shçw=the=intensity=çf=the=sçil=acceleratiçn=referred=tç=the=bedrçck=Ecig.=SF.=cinallyI= the= sçil= acceleratiçn= value= referred= tç= the= bedrçck= estimated= in= Castelnuçvç= with= the=regressiçn=analysis= is= equal= tç=M.MUT=g=and=M.MVO=g= when=the=site=cçefficient=p= çf=statiçns=dpA=and=Ans=isI=respectivelyI=N.O=çr=N.=pimilarlyI=in=the=twç=casesI=the=sçil=acceleratiçn=estimated=in=the=nearby=pan=miç=delle=Camere=is=equal=tç=M.MUM=g=and=M.MUT=gI=respectively.=

=PKQK qhe response spectrum for Castelnuovo and pan mio delle Camere crçm=the=previçus=analysesI=it=can=be=cçncluded=that=the=site=acceleratiçn=referred=tç=the=bedrçck=can=be=cçmprised=between=M.MUM=g=and=M.MVO=g=at=CastelnuçvçI=whereas=between=M.MTR=g=and=M.MUT=g=at=pan= miç= delle=Camere.= qhe=maximum= difference= between= the= estimatiçns= perfçrmed=with= the= same=methçd=fçr=the=twç=sites=attains=M.MMS=gW=it=can=nçt=justify=the=very=different=levels=çf=damage=çbserved.=qaking=intç=accçunt=çf=the=çbserved=damagesI=it=can=be=cçncluded=that=the=destructiçn=çf=Castelnuçvç=is=due=tç=a=high=lçcal=seismic=respçnse=in=a=site=with=a=very=cçmplex=geçlçgical=cçmpçsitiçn=çf=the=sçil.=pçI= frçm= the= analysis= çf= the= damageI= the= lçcal= amplificatiçn= cçefficient= pc= and= psp= fçr= the= histçric=centres =çf =Castelnuçvç =and =pan =miç =delle =CamereI =respectivelyI =can =thus =be =estimatedW =pc= Z= O-P.QI=psp=Z=N.N-N.OR=Erelative=tç=the=average=mdA=value=M.MVQ=g=frçm=the=analysis=çf=the=damagesF.=cinallyI=the=respçnse=spectra=çf=the=hçrizçntal=k-p=and=t-b=seismic=cçmpçnents=at=CastelnuçvçI=and=at=pan=miç=delle=CamereI= have=been=calculated=with=the=methçd=çf= the=weighted=averageI=setting= the=lçcal=amplificatiçn=cçefficient=pc=Z=O.R=and=psp=Z=N.O=Ecig.=TF.==

=

cigK T=Calculated=spectra=fçr=Castelnuçvç=and=pan=miç=delle=Camere=Ewith=sçil=amplificatiçn=cçefficient==pc=Z=O.R=and=psp=Z=N.OI=respectivelyF=

=QK ClkCirpflkp =qhis=wçrk=represents=an=attempt=applied=tç=a=case=study=tç=deduce=infçrmatiçn=abçut=the=lçcal=seismic=behaviçur= çf= the= sçilI= starting= frçm= the=damages= çbserved= in= the=built= upI= with= the= suppçrt= çf= very=simple= calculatiçn= tççls.= fn= particularI= the= analysis= has= been= carried= çut= fçr= twç= nearby= centresI=Castelnuçvç= and= pan= miç= delle= Camere= in= Abruzzç= EftalyFI= which= experienced= very= different=macrçseismic= intensity=during=the= last= earthquake=çccurred= in=OMMV.=crçm=the=study=çf= the=çbserved=damages= and= with= the= help= çf= the= accelerçmetric= data= recçrded= in= the= nearby= statiçnsI= the= lçcal=amplificatiçn=cçefficient=in=the=twç=villages=has=been=estimated.=As=a=cçnclusiçnI=a=respçnse=spectrum=çf=the=acceleratiçn=çccurred=during=the=main=shçck=çf=the=OMMV=earthquake=has=been=deduced=fçr=Castelnuçvç=and=fçr=pan=miç=delle=CamereI=and=it=can=be=very=helpful=fçr=cçnsçlidatiçn=and=recçnstructiçn=activities.=bven= if= the= uncertainty= margin= çf= this= rçugh= simplificatiçn= is= highI= the= study= çf= the= damage= may=cçnstitute=an=useful=tççl=fçr=the=validatiçn=çf=the=results=çf=the=micrçzçnatiçn=studies.=

=AhCkltibadbMbkq =qhe= authçrs= acknçwledge= the= Cçnsçrtium=obirfp= AqN.N.= with= aept.= çf= Civil= mrçtectiçn= tçgether=with=quscany=oegiçn=fçr=spçnsçrship=and=suppçrt=activities.=

=

NPTU=

obcbobkCbp xNz dalli =m.I =Camassi =o.I =Azzarç=o.I =_ernardini =c.I =Castenettç=p.I =jçlin=a.I =merçnace=b.I =oçssi =A.I =

secchi=j.I=qertulliani=A.=EOMMVF= fl=terremçtç=aquilanç=del=S=aprile=OMMVW=rilievç=macrçsismicçI=effetti=di=superficie=ed=implicaziçni=sismç=tettçniche.=fl=nuaternario=EOOFW=OPR-OQS.=

xOz jartelli=i.=EOMNMF=`arta=di=Microzonazione=sismica=di=livello=P=Epan=mio=delle=`amereF.=available=atW=httpWLLwww.prçteziçnecivile.itLdçcsLwww.ulpiançNN.cçmLdçcsLmicrçzçnaziçne_pdfL=MacroareaQLMQ_pmio`amere_iivPKpdfK=

xPz _enedetti= a.I= metrini= s.= ENVUQF= ln= seismic= vulnerability= çf= masçnry= buildingsW=prçpçsal= çf= an=evaluatiçn=prçcedure.=iDindustria=delle=`ostruzioni=ENUFW=SS-TU.=

xQz dkaq= Edruppç= kaziçnale= per= la= aifesa= dai= qerremçtiF= ENVVPF= oischio= pismico= di= bdifici=mubbliciI=marte=f:=Aspetti=MetodologiciK=qipçgrafia=jçdernaI=_çlçgna.=

xRz cerrini= j.I= jelçzzi= A.I= magliazzi= A.I= pcarparçlç= p.= EOMMPF= oilevamento= della= vulnerabilità=sismica= degli= edifici= in= muraturaI= manuale= per= la= compilazione= della= scheda= dkaqL`ko=di= ff=livello= –= versione= modificata= dalla= oegione= qoscana.= available= atW= www.rete.tçscana.itLsettLptaL=LsismicaLMOrischiçL...Limg...Lvsm_man.pdf.=

xSz _ernardini=A.=EOMMMF=qhe=vulnerability=of=buildings:=a=national=evaluation=of=seismic=vulnerability=of=ordinary=buildings=Ein=ftalianF.=oesearch=oepçrtI=Cko-dkaq=–=oçmeI=ftalyI=OMMM.=

xTz wçnnç=d.= ENVVVF= `ko-foop= cinal= oeport= to= buropean= `ommission.= Agreement= bksQ-CqVS-MOTVW=VR-NMO.=

xUz Ameri=d.I=Augliera=m.I=_indi=a.I=a’Alema=b.I=iadina=C.I=içvati=p.I=iuzi=i.I=jarzçrati=p.I=jassa=j.I=macçr=c.I=muglia=o.=EOMMVF=ptrong-motion=parameters=of=the=Mw===SIP=Abruzzo=E`entral=ftalyF=earthquakeI= fstitutç=kaziçnale= di=deçfisica= e=sulcançlçgia= EfkdsF=–= jilanç=–=mavia= aivisiçnI=lpen=cile=oepçrtW=httpWLLwww.mi.ingv.itLdçcsLrepçrt_oAk_OMMVMQMS.pdf.=

xVz pabetta= c.I= mugliese= A.= ENVUTF= Attenuatiçn= çf= peak= hçrizçntal= acceleratiçn= and= velçcity= frçm=ftalian=strçng-mçtiçn=recçrds.=_ullettin=of=the=peismological=pociety=of=America=ETTFW=NQVN-NRNP.=

===