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ECONOMIC SYSTEM, SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT AND

EDUCATION SYSTEMN IN UNITED KINGDOM, UNITED STATE

OF AMERICAN AND CANADA

INTRODUCTION

this testis mainlyEducation Systemsofgovernment andeconomicAmerican, CanadianandEnglishdetailed information ofeach of thecountriesisgiven.

EDUCATION SYSTEMS

UNITED KINGDOM

The UK education system is divided into several stages:

Primary school: Compulsory education starts at five years of age in grades one through si.They learn su!"ects li#e English, $athematics and Science.

%igh school:Students enter secondary school at age && and is compulsory for five years. 'n the&(th year, they )ill !egin to prepare for the presentation of a series of tests * +eneral Certificateof Secondary Education +CSE-. Students are usually evaluated in nine or ten su!"ects.A*evels eams:After passing the +CSE eams, students choose to leave school and start)or#, follo) training programs at technical colleges or t)o*year study for entrance eams tocollege /A*evels/. 0n average a student ta#es three to four su!"ects. The higher score, the!etter the options to colleges the student has chosen.University degrees: At undergraduate level, students in the UK usually get the title after threeyears and su!mit final eams for graduation. 1or entry of international students at least 2.( isre3uired English 'ETS, additional preparatory year, #no)n as University 1oundation 4ear orcompetitive test scores A*levels.$asters, $5As and Ph6s: The $asters traditionally given in the area of Arts, Science or

5usiness Administration $5A-, usually last a year and re3uire eams and a thesis to graduate.Some speciali7ed research and careers demand complete a doctorate or Ph6, )hich lasts fourto five years of study and advanced research and a formal dissertation. 1or most internationalmasters and doctoral students must have a recogni7ed undergraduate degree and a good levelof English 'ETS 2.8 level-. 'n the case of the $5A, they )ill need at least 9 years of relevant)or# eperience.

'n the university education system in the UK there are three types of institutions providing highereducation: universities, colleges colleges- and colleges of art and music.These last t)o also provide advanced degrees and taught postgraduate studies.

The 5ritish e3uivalent of the higher degree studies of the Spanish system, ie courses leading to

!achelors degree, engineer or architect, are called Undergraduate you study. Their durationvaries !et)een three and four years some centers have introduced accelerated programs thatconcentrate the curriculum in t)o years-, and the title to )hich is the result of 5achelors.

The 6ip%E 6iplomas in higher education- are a)arded !y some universities and colleges afterpassing courses lasting t)o years, after )hich they can continue studying to o!tain a degree ore3uivalent, or not, as is recogni7ed 3ualifications, )ith value in themselves.

Students of modern philology, usually spend an additional year studying or )or#ing in a country)here the language they study is spo#en. 0ther races include one year of )or# eperience.Although they have eams at the end of each year, the final ratings are not !ased solely onthem, !ecause it is a system of continuous assessment, in )hich the delivery of )or#, class

eercises, etc. are also important.


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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

The education system and education system can !e considered a social su!system, integrated)ith other su!systems family, leisure ; consumption, )or#ing or )or#ing life- in the larger socialsystem, su!"ect to its rules and re3uirements yet providing a !road and important service totheir citi7ens. 'n it a process of /production of social reproduction/ is set.There is in America a national education system. The federal government does not operate

schools. Each of the 8( states has its o)n 6epartment of Education, )hich sets the rules for theschools in that state. Pu!lic colleges and universities receive funding from the state in )hichthey are located. The legislature of each state decides to grant funding to colleges anduniversities. $ost of the control of American schools lies )ith each of the school districts. The!oard, a small committee of people elected !y mem!ers of the community, School sets generalpolicies for each respective school district. Students )ho attend pu!lic schools do not pay tuitionin &st through &9th grade. School districts include elementary schools, middle schools andschools of higher level. Elementary schools include pre*school and &st through 8th or 2th grade.$any children enter pre*school at 8 years old. Usually they enter first grade at age 2. Afterprimary school, students enter the middle level )here they receive 2th through th*&9th grade.The high school students attending a variety of courses. All students must ta#e courses in

English, math, science and social. They should also learn a foreign language and ; or physicaleducation. A course may last one or t)o semesters.'n the United States, education is compulsory for all students up to the age of &2 years. Astudent graduates after passing all re3uired courses. Students receive grades for each courseat the end of each semester or term.

?atings you can add more @- or minus *- )hen necessary-: A: Ecellent, 5: A!ove average=C: Average= 6: 5elo) Average= 1: 6eferred. 'n most schools students must o!tain a C to passthe course. The deferred students must ta#e the course again. Each letter corresponds to anum!er that )ill !e used to define each student average +PA-. The final average for eachstudent is the sum of the num!ers divided !y the sum of the num!er of credits ta#en. $ost USuniversities re3uire a minimum +PA to admit a student at your institution.

CANADA

This education system encompasses !oth pu!licly*funded schools and private schools.Education is a provincial responsi!ility under the Canadian constitution, )hich means that thereare significant differences !et)een the education systems of the different provinces. %o)ever,standards are uniformly high across the country. The follo)ing sections provide an overvie) ofthe Canadian education system. Universities= Colleges= Community Colleges= Professionalassociations= ES ; 1S programs= Pu!lic schools = Schools Private.'n general, Canadian children attend #indergarten for one or t)o years at the age of four or fiveon a voluntary !asis. All children !egin +rade around the age of si. The school year usually!egins in Septem!er to the follo)ing une !ut in some instances, anuary inta#e is possi!le.Secondary schools go up to +rades &&, &9 or &B, depending on the province. Upon completing

high school, students may attend university, college or Cgep studies. Cgep is a 1renchacronym for College of +eneral and Docational Education and is a t)o years of generaleducation or three years of technical education !et)een high school and college. The provinceof ue!ec has the Cgep system. This is the country of Forth America, )hich is highlighted !ya )orld*reno)ned educational system.'n Canada there are four universities, colleges University College-, technical collegescommunity colleges or CE+EP- and professional institutes Carrer Colleges-. Each sets its o)nadmission re3uirements, ho)ever, to access secondary license undergraduate and scorere3uired !y the University Selection Test PSU-.Canada lac#s a national ministry of education, ho)ever, are small departments or ministries ineach province are responsi!le for complying )ith government regulations and legislation ineducation. Each department )or#s individually, )hich means that schools are managed

differently over Canadian territory. The federal government plays only specific functions such aseducation Es#imos, military children, prisoners and adults. They provide financial support to


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designated schools and support education in minority languages. 6ue to the specificcharacteristics of each province in education costs and the interests and needs of students theyvary considera!ly. To complement the )or# of the provincial governments are the School5oards, groups made up of community mem!ers )ith delegated po)ers in each province.Some of its functions are to hire teachers and provide resources for schools. 'n recent years,the School 5oards have lost authority in economic matters, as provincial governments have

!egun to more closely monitor their respective schools.The schools are classified as follo)s: Elementary Schools Education Elementary Schools-Elementary Schools $iddle Education $iddle Schools- Schools of Secondary EducationSecondary Schools- Universities and Community Colleges.

SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT

UNITED KINGDOM

The UK is a democratic monarchy, unli#e other regimes no )ritten constitution, that is, of asingle political code and re3uire special design and reform process to determine the !asicinstitutions of the state, its territorial regime and rights and civil li!erties.

$onarchy: The #ing is the head of state, currently ueen Eli7a!eth ''. 'ts functions are merelyrepresentative, although different rules granted nominal po)ers such as to declare )ar andma#e peace, international politics and !e guardian of constitutional norms and unity of theKingdom. 5ut the practice has !ecome necessary endorsement of the +overnment for theadoption of all decisions. The monarch is !oth the chief and head of the Church of England.

Ca!inet or the +overnment of %is $a"esty eercises eecutive po)er. 't maintains originallyprovided Privy Council consultative status, although in practice complies )ith eecutive andadministrative leadership. 't is headed !y the Prime $inister, currently 6avid Cameron, )hoserves as head of government. The prime minister is appointed !y the monarch and must havethe support of the ma"ority of the %ouse of Commons, so it is usually the leader of the party )iththe most mem!ers in the %ouse. The ca!inet consists of a varia!le num!er of ministers

appointed !y the monarch on the proposal of Prime $inister.

The Parliament has legislative po)er. 't is !ased on a !icameral system, consisting of the%ouse of Commons and %ouse of ords:

The %ouse of Commons %ouse of Commons- is composed of 28( mem!ers, one elected !yuniversal suffrage, free, e3ual, direct and secret of all adult citi7ens. The electoral system usedis that of plurality or first*past*the*post, )hich is elected !y a single representative in eachconstituency single*mem!er constituencies-.

The %ouse of ords %ouse of ords- is composed of a varia!le num!er of mem!ers, currentlyG


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As a constitutional monarchy, Canadas %ead of State, the ueen of England, ruling inaccordance )ith the Constitution, the highest la) of the nation. 't is represented in Canada !ythe +overnor +eneral, )ho is appointed every five years !y the ueen, on the advice of thePrime $inister, head of the Canadian government.

'n each of the ten provinces, the ueen is represented !y t. ieutenant +overnor,-, )ho is

appointed, also every five years !y the +overnor +eneral on the advice of the Prime $inister.

The ueen is part of Parliament, playing an important non*partisan role as a sym!ol of Canada,its values and principles, and as a guarantor of constitutional freedoms.

Canada !elongs to the /Common)ealth/ or 5ritish Common)ealth of Fations, a freeassociation of 8B independent sovereign states that )ere part of the 5ritish cro)n, !ut the primeminister is the one )ho actually runs the countrys politics, is the Prime $inister.

The government has three !ranches, Eecutive, egislative and udicial, )hich )or#interdependently to ensure the rights and freedoms of Canadians.

ECONOMIC SYSTEM

UNITED KINGDOMThe UK economy is the second largest in the European Union and the fifth largest in the )orld)ith respect to the echange mar#et, !ehind the United States, China, apan, +ermany. themain factors against the UK economy represent the high )ages IcitationJ and strong presencein the sectors of manufacturing and heavy industry emerging countries, especially China,Tai)an, 'ndia and South Korea.Agriculture accounts for only & of +6P and contri!utes only )ith 9 of PPA. 'n industry, themain activities are machinery, transport e3uipment vehicles, rail)ays and aeronautics- andchemicals. The high technological development and large sums for research ma#e 5ritainseconomy en"oy these healthy. ICitation neededJ The ailing industries are tetiles andship!uilding. $ining has al)ays !een a very important sector in the economy. The servicesector is the largest contri!utor to +6P in the country, among them the stoc# mar#et andfinancial services !an#ing and insurance companies. The ondon Stoc# Echange is the

second largest financial center after Fe) 4or#, and the 5ritish capital is the European city )ithmore activity in the capital mar#et

USA

United States is the richest country, its nominal +6P, estimated at more than &G.9 !illion dollarsin $arch 9(&H< &G.9 trillons in the Anglo*Saon system of measurement- representsapproimately a 3uarter of nominal glo!al +6P. The US +6P in purchasing po)er parityrepresents a fifth of the glo!al PPP +6P. 'n turn, the United States maintains a high level ofproduction and per capita +6P PPP- of a!out L 8B,(H9, the seventh highest in the )orld,ma#ing it in these terms to the United States, one of the richest nations )orld. 't is also thelargest industrial producer in the )orld, and the )orlds largest trading country, )ith the maintrading partners China, Canada and $eico.

The US economy is a capitalist type economy has managed to maintain a gro)th rate of glo!al+6P sta!le, moderate unemployment and high levels of investment in research and capital. 'thas !een, )ithout colonial empires, the )orlds largest since the &( national economy.

Currently, most of the economy is !ased on services, !ut unli#e most post*industrial countries,retains an important and competitive industrial sector, speciali7ing in high*tech and tech sectors,representing 9( manufacturing production mundial.&B 0f the 8(( largest companies in the)orld, &BB are !ased in the United States, dou!le the total of any other country in the )orld.

CANADA

'ts economy is !ased on high*tech industry, and an economy )ith a higher trillion +6P,Canadas mar#et economic system of the United States and its pattern resem!les productionand construction. Since Morld Mar '', the impressive gro)th of the manufacturing, mining andservice sectors has transformed the nation from a rural economy into one primarily industrial


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and ur!an. The 1ree Trade Agreement )ith the United States, )hich )as signed in &>, andthen the creation of FA1TA Forth American 1ree Trade FA1TA America also #no)n as TC orFA1TA for its acronym in English Forth American 1ree Trade Agreement or FA1TA.- )hichincludes $eico, has !een a dramatic increase in trade and greater economic integration )iththe United States.

5ecause en"oys numerous natural resources, a s#illed and modern ma"or )or#, Canada has astrong economy. Mith sound fiscal management it has produced a !udget surplus, su!stantiallyreducing the national de!t, !ut a ne) challenge is managing the rising costs of pu!lic healthsystem. Eports account for a third of +6P. i#e $eico, Canada en"oys a trade surplus )ith theUnited States, )hich receives

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