26ª y 27ª clase - minerales industriales

8/11/2019 26 y 27 Clase - Minerales Industriales

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MINERALES INDUSTRIALES

Sustancias minerales u orgnicas cuyaspropiedades qumicas o fs icas son tiles para laindustria.

El amianto, el talco, la slice, la sal, el grafito, elpotasio, la mica, la ilmenita y la wollastonita sonminerales industriales.

Econmicamente muy importantes (msimportantes que los metales por supuesto encuanto a su tonelaje pero tambin en cuanto a suvalor!)

Tendencias recientes: Especif icaciones (pureza,granulometra,) cada vez ms rigurosas (sonnecesarios estudios mineralgicos detallados)

En Fontbot 2003 Geologa de Yac. Minerales, S. Rosas

MINERALES DE CONSTRUCCIN

Materiales rocosos utilizados en construccin.Requieren poco o nada de transformacin.

En esta categora se encuentra la cal iza (cemento,piedra ornamental ), la arena y la grava (cimientos,hormign), la arcil la (ladril los), as como el granito,el mrmol, la pizarra y el esquisto (piedraornamental).

Ciertos materiales de construccin como la cal iza yla arcil la t ienen tambin numerosas aplicac ionesindustriales. La caliza, de donde se extrae la cal,por ejemplo, es uti lizada en la fabricacin de papely en la lucha contra la poluc in del aire y el agua.



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ALGUNOS EJEMPLOS DE MINERALESINDUSTRIALES Y MATERIALES DE

CONSTRUCCINAbras ivos (cuarzo, granate, diamante,)

Agregados gruesos (>5 mm, para construccin)

Agregados finos (


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FELDESPATO

Feldspar is by far the most abundant

group of minerals in the earth'scrust, forming about 60% ofterrestrial rocks. The classificationof a wide range of rocks is based ontheir feldspar content. Mostfrequently, commercial feldspar ismined from pegmatite, feldspaticsands or aplite deposits. For someapplications, the ore has to undergoprocessing in order to remove someaccessory minerals (quartz, mica,etc.) while in other cases, theirpresence is advantageous. The twomain properties that make feldspar

useful for industry are its alkali andaluminium content. Mainapplications include the ceramic andglass industries.

www.ima-eu.org/en/publicatext.htm (en Fontbot 2003) Geologa de Yac. Minerales, S. Rosas

CRYSTALLINE SILICA

The main minerals inc luded in th is group are: quar tz,cristobal ite and tridymite. Quartz is the most commonof them and, after feldspar, is the second mostabundant mineral on the Earth 's surface. Crystal lines il ica, bas ically in the form of quar tz, has been minedfor thousands of years. It is really one of the buildingblocks of ancient and current civ il izat ions, being alsovital for modern technologies. Main applications

include glass product ion, foundry, ceramics, bui ldingmater ials , etc. Crystall ine s ili ca has also acquired afundamental place in the emerging informationsociety, as the source of sil icium.



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INDUSTRIAL CALCIUM CARBONATE

Industrial Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) is produced intwo ways: by extraction/mil ling of natural ore (GroundCalcium Carbonate-GCC), and by chemicalprecipitation (Precipitated Calcium Carbonate-PCC).The suitable ore-bodies for produc ing GCC includechalk, l imestone, marble, and travertine. Suff icientlypure ore-bodies are selected to allow directexploitation. PCC is produced as a by-product of caustic soda synthesis or through a recarbonizingprocess. Both GCC and PCC fit to high-levelspecifications. Dolomite is a double carbonate of

calcium and magnesium. The main applications of GCC, PCC and dolomite include paper, paints,plastics, pharmaceuticals, etc.


BORO

Boron is obtained from boron

salts (i.e. borates). Largedeposits of borates mineralsinclude: trical, colemanite,hydroboracite, kermite,ulexite, and injoite. Boratesare used in hundreds ofproducts and processes inways that touch the lives ofalmost everyone. Major usesinclude glass production,detergents, agriculture,enamels, and ceramic glazes.

Apart from the industr ialaspect, boron is an essentialmicronutrient, integral to aplant's life cycle and, as itbecomes increasinglyobvious, essential to animallife as well.

www.ima-eu.org/en/publicatext.htm(en Fontbot 2003) Geologa de Yac. Minerales, S. Rosas


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DIATOMITE Diatomaceous earth, the pinkish

white outcrop shown (nearLovelock, Nevada), is a mineral ofalgae origin. It represents theaccumulation of an enormousnumber of fossil diatoms (single-celled algae). It's also known asdiatomite or kieselguhr, and it'sreferred to as white dirt by miners --in bright sunli ght it can be almostas white as new snow . Diatomitehas several un ique characteristics.Because of its lightness, porosit y,and its honeycombed structure, it's

http://epod.usra.edu/archive/epodviewer.php3?oid=160608 (en Fontbot 2003)

an ideal filtering medium. In addition, it's inherently stable and devoidof most trace elements. Thus, diatomite is ideal for use by processorswho have very high purity requi rements such as the food, beverageand pharmaceutical industries.

There are many deposi ts of d iatomaceous earth in the world, but only afew of them are both pure enough and large enough to serve as asource of raw material for the production of fi lter aids. Two of thesedeposits are in Nevada and Oregon - among the finest in the world.

Geologa de Yac. Minerales, S. Rosas

TALC Talc is our planet's softest mineral. It is ahydrated magnesium silicate that belongsto the phyllosi licate family. Although alltalcs are lamellar, chemically inert,organophylic and water-repellent to agreater or lesser degree, no two talc arequite the same. A talc's lamellarity forinstance depends upon the condi tions thatprevailed during the formation of thedeposit. Small crystals provide a compact,dense ore whil st large crystals come inpapery layers. Talc is always found incombination wi th at least one other

mineral and the type and quantity of by-minerals is also a

distinguishing factor. The most common of these is chlorite whichis chemically and structurally very similar to talc. Dolomi te andmagnesite are also often present. Each talc's unique propertiesconfer specific functions to a wide range of products andprocesses including paint, polymers, paper, ceramics, animalfeed, rubber, roof ing, fertil izers, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals.



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KAOLIN Kaolin is a purified white plastic

clay primarily composed of kaolinitein association with small quantities

of other minerals such as feldspar,mica and quartz. It is made up of aloose aggregation of randomlyoriented stacks of kaolinite flakes.Kaolin deposits are formed throughthe alteration, or kaolinisation offeldspar-rich rocks such as graniteor gneiss by hydrothermal and/or

weathering processes. The mineralogical and chemicalcomposition of the kaolin depends on the nature of theparent rock and the type and degree of alteration. Kaolinmain applications include paper, in which it perfoms both

filling and coating functions, and ceramics. In this latterapplication, it can account for as much as 60% of the recipe.Other applications include paint, rubber, plastics,pharmaceuticals, etc.


BENTONITE

Bentonite is a plastic clay that

results from the insitu alteration ofvolcanic ash, and consistsessentially of montmoril lonite.Bentonite presents strongcolloidal properties and increasesits volume several fold when incontact w ith water, creating agelatinous and viscoussubstance. The special propertiesof bentonite (hydratation,swelling, water absorption,viscos ity, thixotropy) make it a

very valuable clay for a widespectrum of uses, ranging fromheavy industrial pelletising andfoundry applications to consumerproducts such as cat litter andcosmetics.



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Asbesto (ais lante, cancergeno!)

Wollastonita (substituto de asbesto, y uso en prtesis dentales) Grafito (refractario, lubricante, conductor-, electrodos-,

lpices...) Olivino ("slag conditioner" para disminuir el punto de fusin

durante la fabricacin de aceros. Como contiene Si y Mg, lacantidad de escoria ("slag" ) es menor que cuando se aadeslice y magnesita)

Perlita (riol ita rica en H2O muy porosa, para aislantes) Fosfatos (abonos) Distena, sill imanita, andalusita (refractarios) Piedra pomes para la abrasin de los jeans

Pizarra y esquis to para tallados Azufre nat ivo Trona (carbonato de Na) Ilmenita (recubrimientos de hornos, pero sobretodo como

fuente de TiO2)

ALGUNOS EJEMPLOS DE MINERALESINDUSTRIALES - 3


PERLITE

Perlite is no t a trade name but a generic term for naturally occurringsili cious rock. The distinguishing feature which sets perlite apart fromother volcanic glasses is that when heated to a suitable point in itssoftening range, it expands from four to twenty times its orig inalvolume.

This expansion is due to the presence of two to six percent combinedwater in the crude perlite rock. When quickly heated to above 871C,the crude rock pops in a manner similar to popcorn as the combinedwater vaporizes and creates countless tiny bubbles which account forthe amazing light w eight and other exceptional physical properties of

expanded perlit e. This expansion process also creates one of perlite's most

distinguishing characteristics: its white color. While the crude rockmay range from transparent light gray to glossy black, the color ofexpanded perlite ranges from snow y white to grayish whi te. Density ofexpanded perlite can be as li ttle as 0.03! (32kg/m 3).

Since perlite is a form of natural glass, it is classi fied as chemicallyinert and has a pH of approximately 7.

http://www.perlite.org/bfacts.htm(en Fontobot 2003)

Geologa de Yac. Minerales, S. Rosas


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Filtration Horticulture

High temperature insulation Cryogenic insulation Gypsum board Construction materials Lightweight refractories Coatings Stone washing Lightweight cement plasters Swimming pool base Built-up roofing

Block fill Ceiling tiles Hydroponics

PERLITE -APPLICATIONS

http://www.worldminerals.com/PerliteIndex.asp (en Fontbot 2003)Geologa de Yac. Minerales, S. Rosas

Boron Calcium (calcium carbonate)

Chromium Cobalt (vitamin B12) Copper Gypsum (filler) Iodine Iron Magnesium Manganese Molybdenum Nickel Phosphate rock (phosphorus) Potash (potassium) Sand (silica)

Selenium Silicon Sulfur Tin Titanium (titanium dioxide) Vanadium Zinc

Minerals and materials usedin dietary supplementsinclude:



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COSMETICS Barite (barium lake) Aluminum (alumina) Bentonite

Bismuth (bismuth oxychloride) Boron (boron nitride) Calcium (calcium carbonate/calcium lake) Chromium (e.g. chromium oxide, chromium

hydroxide) Iron oxide pigment Kaolin Magnesium (e.g. magnesium carbonate,

magnesium stearate) Manganese (e.g. manganese oxide) Mica Salt

Talc Tin (e.g. tin oxide) Titanium (titanium dioxide) Zinc (e.g. zinc oxide, zinc stearate)


CARDBOARD PACKAGES (CARTON)

Kaolin

Lime (calcium carbonate)

Sodium sulfate

Talc

Titanium (titanium

dioxide)


26ª y 27ª clase - minerales industriales

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