Avd~uno a no T~V EXOOO~

TOU Yn . Epya.a~aG 11 YfEIA

KAI A'E~AAEIA 'ETHN EPrA'EIA 11

- ... - ·- -·--·-,. ....... , ~..,mt.d maH.HTHPl-0 fA!1lUl

I tH•EIO TEKMHMlIH> ·-- ------~ - ...

ANYlllQTIKA MHXANHMATA

A VTt:lVf1~ XpurroaouAou

' I '

~mA. M11xav0Aoyo~ - HA&KTpoAoyo~ E.M.n. Texv. EmS&tNprrrij~ Y"- Epyaoia~

nPOAOrOI

Ta avu4-1wr1K6 µnxavnµara (A.M.) yepavoi, yepavoytcpupec;, SapouAKa KATT. e:iva1 iowc; y1a rov epya~6µevo Ta nMov anapaiT11TO '30J191'1TIKO µtoo µe: Tic; Of1µE:ptvl:c; ouv9fiKec; epyaoiac; OTlt:; emxe:1pfioetc;, OTO e:pyOTO~IO,

0T11V una1Spo. O Kive5u1Lo<; np6KA1'10J1~ epyaTtKou aruxriµamc; an6 ra µnxavriµara aura eivm onwooi]nore µe:y6>.oc; Kat

y1a ro Myo aur6 nptnet va CSiCSerat 1e5tairc:p11 npoooxn OTouc; nap6yovn:c; ot onoio1 ouµj36).Aouv OTJ1V c:t..axt­oronoinon rou K1ve5uvou aurou.

01 Kupt6re:po1 an6 rouc; nap6yovre:c; aurouc; e:ivai: 1) H KaAJi M':lToupyia rou µnxavr;µaroc; OTO ouvoM rou Kat OTouc; e:ni ·µtpouc; µnxav1oµouc; Ka1 e:~aprri-

µma (µe1curtc;, oupµar6axo1va, 6yK1orpa, axo1vt6. KATT.). Aur6 e:mruvxave:rat µe:: a.. Tnv TTPOAJ1TTTIKT) e:mS/on Kat TOV KOTilll'lAO €Aevxo. e .. Tn OCilOTi\ OUvniP'1011 y. To owOT6 xe:tp10µ6.

2) H· nlP11CJ1l TWV KQVOVWV aoc:paAeiac; oe: axton µe TO µnxavriµa. Ta SE:µara aura >.iyo - noM e:iva1 oe: 6Aouc; yvwOTci. Irnv epyaoia aurr; emonµaivovrat optoµE:va onµeia

ra onoia npene1 va npooexeouv 101airepa. KOT ' apxriv oe KO.Se Stµa, ea avacptpovrat 01 01ar6~e1c; nou acpopouv era (A.M.) Ka1 ra e~aprr;µar6 rou~;

Kat npol3Mnovrat an6 T11V Noµoeeoia. IT11 ouvtxe1a CSe ea naptxovrat 6Mec; nhnpocpopiec; nou eAr;C4)9f'loav an6 e516cpopa 13or.er;µara, µeMrec;, eµm:ipiec; KAn. · Er0t µnopei wp1oµtve:c; naparnprioe:1c; va znavaf.aµ(36vo­vrat yta Mvouc; n.\npornrac; aM6 voµi~w 6r1 aur6 CSe '3Mme1. !uvom1K6 avacpE:povrat napaK6.rw oav 13113>.10-ypa<p(a:

1) n.A. 1073/31 (<l>EK 260/ A· I 16-9-81) «nepi µtrpwv cocpa>.eiac; Kara rnv eKTE:Aeon epyamwv etc; c:pyo­r6.~1a- OIKOc5oµwv Kat naonc; cpuoe:wc; tpywv apµoo16rnrac; noAlTLKOU MT)XOVlKOU».

2) n.A. 190184 (<l>EK 64/ A · / 15-5 .. 84) «Yy1e1vi) Kat aocpa>.eta rwv epya~oµ~vwv oe NaunnyLKE:c; epyaoiec;». 3) n . .t.. T'Tl<; 14-3-1934 «nepi UVIE:IVfi<; KOi OOq>aAeiac; TWV epyaTWV KOi unciMfiAc.>v TWV naonc; (j)UO€W<;

eioµnxavtKWV KQl l310T£XVLKWV e:pyoOTaOi'!>V, £P'ia0TJ1piwv KATi» (<l>EK 112/ A. / 22-3-1934). 4) cKavovtoµoi aoq>aA.eiac; yepavoyepq>upwv» ~K rou American standard safety code for cranes, der­

ricks and hoists (µeracppaon Bao!Aeiou Ge:p16vou).· 5) «l:UOTQOTI ap. 53». nporunoc; KQVOVI0µ6c; nou acpopa OTL<; OIQTQ~f:L<; OOqJaAeia<; OTJ1V OIKOooµ1Kft '3LO-

µnxavic: (t.1e8vtc; rpacpeio Epyao!ac;). 6) «H np6A114.111 -:ou t:pyaT. aTux.» Ap10Te:ion Kwvoravr1vio11. 7) «AVU41WTtKai M11xavai» N. eeocpav6nou>.ou ... 8) A1. T.H. - oupµar6axo1va - avu~wr. µnxavtc;. 9) «Mnxavr;µma avu4-1woewc; Kat µeraKLvrioewc; ut.1Kwv» · lopuµa Euyevion.

: ..

,..­"

405

10) National Safety Council . 81hEdition Accident Prevention manual for Industrial operations Engineering and Technology

11) Kent's Mechanical Engineers Handbook (121h tK00011) "Design and proauction". 12) A16.cpop0t KaT6.Aoyo1 Kat prospectus 13) Eµne1pia yp6.cpovTO<;. 15) EpyaTIKO QTUXt1µaTa - aina TOU<;.

rt0 e:uKOAia avacptpovTOl ouvom1K6. arov nivaKa nou aKOAou8e:i ra 9tµara nou ne:p1Aaµj36.vovrm OT11V . ' ' e:pyaoic aun;:

0EMA «A» rEPANOI '-·· ..

1. ne:plOOIKTJ e:m8e:wpn011 •. Ka81iµe:p1voi tAC:YXOI, OU\'TT'}Pl101l . 2. ME:y1ar6 aocpa,\T'} cpopna ae; 01a~ope-c;, etoe1c;, oe:iKre:c; cpopriou, OUOKe: u'E:c; npoe:1oorroi110nc;

. : , I . ., , - - . , 3. Tuµnava, cpptva, op1m<a stop.· · · · · 4. HAe:KTp1K6c; e:~orrA10µ6c;

· 5. !xo1v16. (µtoo avu41w011c;). 6. Aoq>OAC:IQ KOTQ Tl1 xpr101µonOil10Tl QVU4JWTlKWV µayv11rwv. · ·,~ ... 7. Euar6.8e:1a KOl nie:011 avtµou. 8. Paye:c; Kat c5160poµo1 KiVTiOTt<;. rtpµara paywv, npocpuAaKn')pe:c; np60Kpou011c;. npocpuAaKTi)pe:c;. 9. !KOAc:<;, nAarcp6pµe:c;, ne:~6opoµoL ~. ·· , : ~

10. A1oc501 KOl 016Ke:va. ' 1

11. Epyaoie:c; oe: xwpouc; nou urrapxouv e:vatp1a T'JAE:KTPlKQ KaAWOlQ. 12. E1<11aic5e:u011 xe:1p1arwv ye:pavwv.

0EMA «B» AA YillLEl:

Noµoee:oia, e:ic511 aAuoiowv, UAlKO KQTQOKe:uT'}c;. 8epµ1Kr'J KOTEpyaoia, cpopria: AE:lTOUpyiac; -OOKlµric; -0pauonc;. avTOxri. oaµnav1a, ayK1arpa KOl 01'.Jvc5e:oµo1, e:mee:wptioe:1c; KOl ne:p1001Koi tAe:vxo1, o6nyie:c; aocpa­Aouc; XPr'lOf'lc;.

0EMA «r» IYPMATOIXOINA

Noµoee:oia, KaraoKe:ur') , un0Aoy10µ6c;, 016.pKe:1a ;wr;c;, oonyie:c; Ae:1roupyiac;, are:pew011 oupµar6oxo1vwv.

0EMA «~» IXOINIA

Noµoee:oia, uA1K6 KaraoKe:utic;. un0Aoy10µ6c;, ouvi-e:i\e:artic; aocpaAe:tac;, avTOxtc; KOl cpopria Ae:1roupyiac;, ouvaµ1K6 cpopria, e:mee:wpnCTJ. xPtiOTl. arro8r'JKe:u011. oXOlVla 6.Mwv runwv - nAe:ove:KTi)µara.

0EMA «E» ArKIITPA IAMnANIA

Noµo6e:oia, xp1101µonoi11011 ayKiarpwv - oaµnav1wv. ui\1K6 KaraoKe:ur'Jc; ayKiarpwv, µopcptc; ayKiarpwv, ui\1Ka KaraoKe:ur'Jc; oaµnav1wv, crr;µara npoc; xe:1p1arti, µopcptc; - e:iori oaµnav16lv.

406

' t... . . • •, ' ~ . : . . . . . ·_.. .. , . ..... ...... ·. ·:• .. '\• ..... · .... ~·: ~~~ ... . •\· ..... :•· ..... -· ~~~-0,;:,,;..n..,.,~:.·;; ::; . .:.:: ·: ;$-~ L:;;~:.1:-. >;.;:~~i::: -.... : ... :.,.:~ .:.._.,;,•- .;,: : . ,~"'::. t ••· .• ;."~ ::~; , .. : , ; · .:;.·~o~ .. · e · . . · , · :; · .;._;.·-~~ .. ~'2:· ~j, ~~> .. ' * ~ .. · .'., ... . u.. ....

0EMA «A» rEPANOI

1. nep10~1KJ1 Em0£WP'10TI KOi Ka011µep1voi tAeyxc1 I IuvTflP'iOTl

- H aocpa,V1c; KOi Ka>.r; >.e1roupyia 6>.wv rwv µrixavriµarwv Ka8wc; KOi ri ouvn')prioti rouc;, ea eMvxerm uneueuva an6 e~e101Keuµevo Kai apµ6010 np6owno, ouµcpwv..a µe nc; 1axuouoec; 01ar6~e1c; rou an6 4/ 5 O­KTWl3piou 1951 B.~. «nepi eml3M4Jewc; Tll<; >.enoupyiac; Kai bUVTI1Pr'Joewc; µrixavriµarwv e:KreMoewc; re:xv1-Kwv tpywv» ("Ap8po 47/n.~. 1073/ 1981).

- Ta µnxavi)µara nptne1 va aKivnTouv Kat npoKeiµtvou yia 11>.eKTpoKiVT')ra va Ti8evT01 eKT6c; raoe:wc; np1v an6 TllV evap~n oiaooi)nore e:pyaoiac; e:moKeul')c;, ouvn')pnoric;, Ka8apioµou r1 pu8µ1mic;. H aK1vnoia Kai napaµovi) Touc; e:KT6<; T6.oewc; ea e~aocpa>.i~e:rai µe: µavoa>.wmi KOi Tonoetrriori anayope:uriKwv mvaKiowv (r'J KOi acpaipe:ori T'JAEKTPlK(~V aocpaAf:iwv KQTQ nepimwori) OTO xe1piori)p1a rllVQKWV Kai OUOTT')µarwv EKKivnoric;. ria TT')V nAl'JP.Tl .e~aq~6Aiori Tg,u aµ_ETOKi~r'Jro~ TO~c;. Ke:paie:c;, K6.0o_i cpoprwoe:~c; KQI AOlflQ Kiv11r6. oroixeia KQTQ ne:pimwori nptne:1 va Karal3il36~ovra1 r1 ore:pewvovr01 (raKap1oµa ti OMri e~aocp6>.1ori). C Ap0po 48 n.t\. 1073/81).

Em0&wpftacu; Mtpfl unoK&iµcva ac cp0opci.

!upµar6axoiva, tvocpaipo1 Tp1f3e:ic; (pou>.µav), ooovTwToi Tpoxoi, ouµnMKre:c;, a>.uooTpoxoi Km ilia µepri unoKe:iµe:va oe: cpGoptc;, npene1 va e:mee:wpouvr01 KaTa xpoviKa oiaori)µara, va Karari9e:Tm oe: oro apxe: io >.e:moµe:pi)c; XPOVOAOyTJµtvn tK9e:on via TllV KQTQOTaoi) rouc; KaTa TOV t>..e:vxo.

Ta µera~u QUO 01aooxiKWV e:m9/oec.uv XPOVIKO 01aori)µaTa va eivOl KaT6 TO OUVQTOV f3paxta wore: VO e:~aocpa>.i~e:Tm nMpc.uc; 6r1 TO µnxavnµa (ye:pavoyecpupa) oe ea >.e:iroupyr'Joe:i KaTc.u an6 ouv9f)Ke:c; nou Kpivo­vra1 we; µn aocpa>.e:ic;. (!uvior6Ta1 y1a yepavoyecpupe:c; 11>.e:KTP. evtpyeiac; Ta xpoviKa 01aoriJµura µera~u QUO 01aoox11<wv e:m9/ oewv va µnv unepl3aivouv TOY 1 µftva)

IucmiµaTa aacpa>.ciac; Ta ouoriJµaTa aocpa>.e:iac; Twv ye:pavwv (ye:pavoye:cpupwv) ornv una19po nptnei va e:m8e:wpouvT01 rou>.6-

xiorov 1 cpopci avci 1 Sµcpo Ka& va e:Mvxovr01 Kara xpoviKa 010oriJµara nou va µriv une:pj3aivouv Touc; 6 µtive:c;.

nt~cc;

a) 0 t>.e:vxoc; rric; e:ve:pyeiac; Twv µnxaviKwv neowv nptne1 va vive:rai nepioo1K6 µe ouxv6111Ta nou e~apr6-ro1 an6 rn axe:nt<i) ne:ipa Km TT') ye:v6µe:vn XPrlOT'J, i<68e avavKaia oe pu9µiori va yive:roi aµtowc;.

13) ntoe:c; nou >.e:iroupv.ouv µe T'JAEKTp10µ6, nptn" l VQ e:MvxovTQl nepiooit<6. µe OUXVOTT')TQ nou e~apr6Tat an6 TI1 axenKr'l neipa KOi TT') ye:v6µevn xpr'Jon. loiaiTep11 npoooxn nptm:i va oivera1 orriv niPTlOT'J TT')<; owotjc; pu9µ1oric; KOi OTO 016Ke:vo TOU atpa, e:io1K6Tepa oe: 6rav XPT'JOlµonoieirai e:vaA.\ao6µevo peuµa (µE'{aAUTe:po 016Kevo an6 TO 1<avov1K6 µnopei va npoKa>.eoe:i unep8tpµavori Tou nnviou).

T&Tflyµtva µ&TciAAa . repavovtcpupe:c; oe AetToupyia, 'nou XPf'IOiµono1ouvT01 via µeracpopa TeTT')yµevwv µe:rciMc.uv, nptne1 va

em9ewpouvr01 TouMx1orov 1 cpopci c(3~oµa~1aiwc;.

AAuoi~cc; Kiv'lanc; Evoe:iKV~JTOl nepioo1Kr'J em8/ ori wore va npo.\aµj36ve:T01 Tux6v xa>.apwOT) nou µnopei va e:mcptpe:1 avappi­

xnori TC.UV a>.uaiowv enavw dnc;_ OOOVTWOeic; TC.UV TPOX~V.

Em0cwprian Ka& Ka9aplaµ6c; a) Eml36Mer01 Ka8nµe:piv6c; t>.evxoc; via xa>.apc.uµtve:c; ouvotoe:ic; ti e>.arrwµara Km 11 aµe:on emo1<eur1

TOU<;. ~) · O>.o ro auorriµa Tc.>v AM. npenei va oiaTT')peirai an6.\uTa Ka8ap6.

407

-

• AoKtµaoi&c;

o ·t.>..evxoc; Twv AM. npayµaTOnoieirm TouMx10Tov 1 q>opa I tToc; Kai onwootinorn np1v an6 TTlV tvap~n A€lTOUpyiac; vtac; eyKOTOOTOOT'l<;. 0 t.>..evxoc; aur6c; KaAUITTE:l 6}..a TQ ouOTr'lµaTa, TµtiµaTO KOL 6pyava TWV AM .. KOi enioric; OO!<lµCOTLKrl cp6pTtmi TOU<;, µe ~apoc; 250/o µcyaAuTcpo TTl<; µeyiOTT'lc; QVU4JWT1Kr'}c; lKCV6TT')Tac; TOU µnxavr'} µOToc;.

BM(3ec;, avwµa.>..iec; .>..e1Tou.pyiac;, KOi auvacpr'} m:p10TaTLK6 emJ36A.A.ouv TT') 01evtpye1a yevtK6Tepou enave-

Mvxou. H npayµaTOnoir10n Twv eMvxwv auTwv Karaxwpeirat OTo· apxeio r'} OTO nµepo.>..6y10 µbpwv aocpa,.\eiac;,

ecp6oov npoJ3MneTCl. (' Ap0po 67 nl'.l 1 073 I 81 ).

/\inavC11 a} • O>.a ra Ktvouµeva iµr'}µma yepavwv (yepavoytcpupac;), OTO onoia nep1.>..aµJ36voVTa1 Kat TO oupµm6-

axo1va, nptne1 .va >.1naivoVTa1 µe npoooxti. emJ36MeT01 oe 11 em0/ on Tou ouOTJiµoTOc;, >.mavoewc; via va e~aocpa,.\i~eTat on 6.>..ec; 01 emcp6ve1ec; nou un6KetVTOl oe; rp1J3E:c; otxoVT01 Ta KaTOMn.>..o AtnoVT1K6. ·

13) KaT6. TT'l 016pKe10 TTlc; >.inavoric; o µnxav10µ6c; nptnet vo aK1vnn~i eKT6c;, eav, Myw e101Kou ouOTtiµaTOc; .>..inovoric;. npopMneTa1 6Mwc;.

npo&U)OnOlllTIKcl otiµaTa npoe1oono111T1Kci miµoTa r'} mvaKiiSec; nou ovoypacpouv «eKT6c; >.e1Toupyiac;» nptne1 vo Tono0eTcuvTat oe

K66e A.M. nou eiva1 oe emoKeur'} Kot KciTw an · auT6 OTO oaneoo epyaoiac; r; ·va avapTwvT01 an6 ro 6yK10Tpo wOTc: vo eivat euKo>.o opera an6 re oaneoo epyaoiac;.

LTT')V nepimwori KcTa TT')V onoia navw OTtc; ii51ec; rpoxitc; .>..etroupyouv Kat 6Mec; yepavoytcpupec; emJ36.A­.>..erm rt rono0tTTlori avaOToMwv 01ai5poµric; cre ano0Taoe1c; aocpa.>..eic; r'} 11 Arl4Jl1 6Mwv µtrpwv aocpa,.\eiac; via anocpu.vti ouyKpouoew<;,.

HA&KTplKO<; &~onA1oµ6c;. a~ H>.eKTptKE:c; entcKeutc; nptrret vo eKTeA.ouVTat µ6vo an6 uneueuvouc; 11.>..eKTporexvin~c;.

13) Ta 11A.eKTptK6. KuKA.wµara n.>..eKTpoµayv11rwv nou xp11oiµono1ouVTm oe yepovou~ nptnet va otaTTlpou-VTat O~ clPLOTil KQTOOTCOT'l.

• AyK10Tpa · AyKtOTpa yepavwv nou txouv unoOTei Kaµi.µ11 ouveneia unepcp6prw~c; npE:ne1 va axpnOTeuoVTat Ket va

armyopeuerat ou0TT1p6 n enovoxpnmµonoinmi rouc; µeTci an6 K6no1a avaoKeur'}.

Enava-rono0tT11011 npoOTaT&UTtKwv KaAuµµaTwv. llev emrptne1Tm n Ae1roupyeia A.M. µerci an6 emoKeur'}, e:av oev txouv e:navarono0eTT')0ei 61.ec; ot

accpa,.\10TtKE:i; 01aT6~e1c; Km ra npo0Tornur1Ka Ka,.\uµµara Km ecp6oov oev txouv onoµaKpuv0ei o>.a ra evano­µzivavTa uA.1Kci emoKeur;c; KOi evoexoµE:vwi; re XPl10tµono1netvra noAi.JonaOTa.

2. Mty10Ta aaq>aAti <pOpTia a& 6u'.upop&c; 0to&u;, 6&iKT&c; q>OpTiou, OUOK~utc; J'.TPO&l~O­TIOi1'1CJ11<;.

• !e: KcT6Mn>.o Tµr'}µa rou A.M. Kot enior.ic; n.>..noiov rou xe1p10TT1piou, nptnet va eivm rono0eTT')µtvec; mvaKi~cc;, nou va ovacptpouv ra 6p1a xp1101µqno1fioewc; rou µrixavfiµaTOc; (µi:ytoTo q>opTio Tou axer1K6 µe TO aVTiJ3apo, TTl eton Tou, TT'lV KAiOT'l TTl<; Kepaiac; rou· µnxavr;µoroc; oe ouvouaoµ6 Kat µe TTlV TOXUTT')Ta avtµou K.6.).

Ta OT01xeia aura xopnyouvTat an6 rov KaraoKe:uaorri Tou µnxavriµaroc;. Ka0& y&pav6c; µ&i"aPA11Tiic; aKTi•.ra:; opcicewc; npi:rre1 va: a) <DE:pe1 euKptvw<; onµe1wµE:vo navw rou Ta q>opTia aocpaAciac;, OT!<; 016cpopec; aKrivec; n:ic; Kepaiac;,

~6oewc; ri op.navnc;. KOL OTT')V nepimwon yepavou nou cpE:pe1 K1vnni Kepaia TT'lV µeyiOTT'l aKTiva <JIT1V onoia emTptneTm 11 xpnmµonoinmi TT')c;.

13) Eivm ecpoo1aoµevo<; µe aKptr,lti auT6µaTo oeiKTTl, euKp1vwc; opoTou an6 ro xe1p10Ti} nou vo oeixve1

408

nw aKTiva T11<; Kepaim;, 136oecuc; ~ apnavnc;. K66e ortyµr; Ka6wc; Km TO cpoprio aocp6Ae1ac; nou aVTtoro1xei OTTJV aKTiva aun;.

Ta A.M. oe:v nptne:t va q>opri~ovrm ntpa an6 ro q>oprio aoqi6Ae:t6c; rouc; y!a onotoor;nore: xpovtK6 ota­OTTJµa (' Ap0po 53 nil 1073/ 81).

• Irouc; ye:pavouc; oriµepa npof3Atnovra1 an6 rov KaraoKe:uaon; rouc; 616q>op~c; ouoKe:utc; npoe:16onoi­l10Tlc;. Ot ouoKe:utc; aurtc; e:ve:pyono1ouvra1, 6rav TO cpoprio nou µe:raroni~erm um:pl3aive:1 TO wqiE:'Atµo cpop-:'io nou e:mrptnerm Kat nou aVT1or01xe:i oe: µta oe:ooµtv11 K'AiOTl rou 13paxiova.

H npoeu5onoi110Tl µnopei va e:ivm Kimoto e:to1K6 11x11nK6 oi;µa ri 11 61aKorn'J napcxnc; pe:uµaroc;. loav1Kri q>uo1t<6 eiva1 11 unap~11 Kat rcuv Mo neptmwoe:cuv (Oliiv apxri npoe1~onoi110T1 Kat OTTJ auvtxe:ta, av

XPEIOOTe:i 01aKorn'J). Ot OUOKeutc; an6 nc; onoiec; OtOK6me:rat 11 napoxri 11AEKTp. Tpoq>ooooiac; µnope:i VO e:ivat rono6e:T11µtve:c; KOi va 'Ae:1roupyouv e:ire: µe: ro f36poc; (nie:OTl) nou aoKe:i n.x. ro ruµnavo ne:ptru'A1~11c; rc.uv oupµar6cxotvwv av6PT110Tl<; rnc; µnouµac; (13.\. cxtoto), Eire: an6 Tl1V TOOTl rwv ouµarocxoivcuv e:iTE: µe KCm010 O>J.o rp6no.

3~ Tuµnava, q>ptva Kat optaKa stop

ruµnavo nep1ru>.1~nc; _ __,__o-up-µar6axo1vou

t.1aK6mnc; me~oO"TanK6c;

I '

• Ta ruµnava T(a)V 13apou~K(a)V Ka6wc; l(QI Ot au'AaKe<; TCUV TPOXOAtWV nptm:1 va txouv 'Ae:ie:c; e:mq>6ve:1e:c;. H otaµe:rpoc; roo ruµnavou nptne:1 va e:iva1 rouMxtorov 20nMota Tl1<; otaµtTpou Tou ouµapT6cxotvou,

TO onoio XPno1µono1eiTa1. 01 Tpoxa>.ie:c; nptm:1 va txouv oucmwa nou va e:µno6i~e1 Tl1V t~ooo rou oupµaT6oXotvou an6 Tl1V auAa­

Ka. Tpoxa>.ie:c; nou 13pi0Kovra1 oe: etoe:1c; 6nou e:vMxerat va e:µn'AaKe:i xtp1 e:pya~oµtvou nptne:1 va eivat e:(pooiaoµtve:c; µe: aVTioro1xo npoorare:unK6 K6Auµµa. (' Ap0po 58 nap. 24 na · 1073/81).

• H eme/ Ofl TC.UV ruµnavcuv Km rpoxa>.twv nptne:t va e:ivai raKT1Kfi Kat Kupicuc; ouviorarm orov t'Ae:vxo Tl1c; KaAric; e:mqi6ve:1ac; rcuv auMKcuv, Tl1c; qi0op6c; auTwv, Kat OTT]V ava~riT110Tl rux6v pcuyµwv ri SpauoµciTcuv wri­owv, aKrivcuv K'An., nou nptne:1 aµtocuc; Fi va c:moKe:uaoeouv r; va avnKaraoraeouv .

• Ta ruµnava cue; e:ni TO n'Ae:iarov <?tpouv :::'AlKOe:towc; xapayµtve:c; au'AaKec; nou e:yyuwVTal T11V 0µ016-µopq>11 ru'At~n TOu oupµaT6cxo1vou navcu oro Tuµnavo. Kat era ouo 6Kpa nptne1 va txouv 6aKTu'A1ouc; xe:u\t­wv Twv onoiwv TO uivoc; va e:ivat rou'Aaxicrov 1 1 /2 Tl1<; 61aµtrpou Tou oupµar6axo1vou + ouOTT]µa nou va eµnooi~e:1 Tl1V t~ooo Tou oupµaT6cxo1vou.

• 0 ap16µ6c; Tc.uv ne:pte:'Ai~e:cuv unoAoyi~eTat ano ro µftKoc; rou oupµarocx. L Kat 3 e:mnpooetrwc; ne:pte:­'Ai~e:1c; yta Tl1V aocpcl,\tOfl TTlc; ore:pe:woe:c.uc; TO,U OKPOU TOU oupµaT6oXOIVOU, 011>.. OUVOAlK6c; ap16µ6c;

L n=--+3

n·D

. To 13r'Jµa TCUV auAaKooe:c.uv e:K'Atye:TOI ouvapn;m:e1 Tl1<; 61aµtrpou TOU oupµaTOoXOlVOU n.x. vm d=1 Omm - S=12mm yta d=19 - S=22mm y1a d=44 - S=49mm.

H KQTan6vnan TOU ruµnavou oq>e:i'Ae:TOI KaTO KUPtO Myo, OTT]V ne:pioq>uy~n Myw TWV ne:pte:'Ai~e:wv TOU oupµaT60)(0IVOU, KOTO oe:un:po oe: OTT] OTPE4J11 "A6yw Tl1c; µe:rccpe:p6µevnc; porn'Jc; KQl OTT]V K6µ4-111 'A6yw TWV OUVOµEWV TOU oupµOTOO',(OlVOU.

409

~ · ~ . ......... . ,_,.,~ •.. , ,,_. ···J"..·'1. · -·· :-.-~ ,--:--..~;_ . - --,

' • I ...

To u>.1K6 Tcuv TUµnavwv eiva1 o xuTooii5r1Poc; r'l y1a Myouc; 01Kovoµiac; KOi j36pouc; o ouyKoMnµtvoc; xciAuj3ac;.

Ta naxn Twv T01xwµciTwv Tcuv TUµnavwv oivoVTa1 OTov mo KaTw nivaKa. 01 nµtc; oe naptveeon eiva1 y1a UAIKO XUTOoionpo.

a: E' ........ ~16µe:Tpoc; Tuµnavou (mm) vE E . ::. o- E~ .5~ a. . --o

~ ~ Cl) ~ - . .<· ·O W ·O 0 LU ~ ::1. ~ 0 ::1. . 0 ·0 0 ::1. a.

:1. - ::1. -C' :;, a. <l a. co 0 :;, · 0

:;, 250 300 400 500 600 700 800 0

500 8 9,5 4(6) 4(6) .

1000 10 12 6(9) 6(9) ' ' 1500 13 15 I 8(12) 7(11) i I

2000 16 18 9(14) 8(13)

2500 16 ' 18 10(15) 10(12)

3000 19 22 10(16) 10(16)

4000 22 25 12(18)

5000 24 27 14(20) 14(20)

6000 27 31 15(22) 14(22)

7000 29 33 16(24) 16(24)

8000 ~. 31 35 17(26)

9000 : 31 35 19(27) 18(26)

10000 - 33 37 20(28) 19(27)

• Kci0e µnxav10µ6c; TUµna>Jou nptne1 va eiva1 ecpoo1aoµtvoc; µe €Ya Ti nep1006Tepa anoTe>.eoµaTtKd cpptva Kat µe ono1aot;norn ciA>.11 i516Ta~11 aoq:><lAeiac; nou eivm anapaiTT'lTTl y1a va anocpeuyeTa1 11 mwon avapTT1µtvwv q>OpTI(i)V.

/\6yw Twv i51acp6pwv anamioewv Kai ouv0nKwv >.e1TOupyiac; TC.UV Avu41c.uT1Kwv Mnxavwv, avamux0nKe OVTiOTOIXO KOi µeyciAoc; ap18µ6c; i51acp6pwv· nE:OWV.

Or ntocc; KQTQTQOOOVTCl we; npoc; TOV OKOn6 OE: Tpia eii5n: 1) ntocc; Ka96c'5ou, 01 onoiec; napa>.aµj36.vouv T11 i5uvnr1KTi evtpye1a nimoVToc; j36pouc; Kat pu9µi~ouv

T11V TOXUT11TO Ko86i5ou. 2) ntocc; nopciac; ti Ku>.ioec.uc; 01 onoiec; napa>.aµj36vouv T11V KtvnnKTi evtpye1a Ku>.1oµt vou yepovou r;

cpopeiou it ciAAou rµt;µaroc; rou yepavou KOi OToµarouv TTIV Kivnon.

3) ntocc; ouyKpaniacwc;, 01 onolec; ouyKpoTouv «ev mwpr')oet» TO cpopTio µeTa To ntpac; TT'l<; Ktvt;oewc; av6i5ou it Ka06i5ou.

Qc; npoc; TO eii5oc; TT'l<; µerarpom'Jc; evepyeiac; 01 nti5ec; KaTaTaooovTm oe 11AcKTpu<tc; KOi µ11xav1Ktc;. 01 µnxav1Kec; µeTarptnouv T11V ~1vnnKTi evepye1a µtow TT'l<; rp1j3r'}c; oe eepµ6T11TO. 01 nft.eKTptKec; neoec;

µeTaTptnouv TTIV evepye1a TOU niITTOVTO<; q>OpTipu oe J1AE:KTPlKTi 010 TOU T'lAE:KTPIKOU KtvnTr'}pa 0 onoioc; e-vepye[ oav yevvt;rp1a. .

Qc; npoc; TO eii5oc; TT'lc; KoraoKeuaonKflc; ~1oµopcpwoewc; i5toKpivaµe Ttc; e~r'}c; oµaoec;. A. ntocc; a1ay6vwv B. ntocc; 010Koc1ocic; Ka& Kwv1Ktc; r. E101Ktc; tcaTaaKcucc;. An6 nc; nMov i51oi5ei5oµtvec; eivm 01 nti5ec; i5in>.wv oioy6vwv µe e>.0Tr'}p10 Ko1 xa>.apwon µe n>.eKTpou­

i5pou>.1K6 ou0T11µa r') 11>.eKTpoµavvitTTl· • H eKAovri Tou auVTdcani aacpa>.ciac; nti511c; {~ txe1 µeyciAn onµaoio y10 T11 >.e1TOupyio.

ApKeTa µeyciAoc; ouVTeAeOTt;c; aocpa..\eiac; npoKa..\ei:

410

1) laxup6repri evtpyeta neonoew<; 2) !uvroµ6repo xp6vo neonoewc;, snoµtvw<; KOL µeyaMrepe<; Kpouoet<; (ouvaµ1Kci cpopria), OXl µ6vo

oniv ntari aMci Kat ora rµfiµara µrixav10µ01j. An6 rriv neipa apKouv 01 mo Karw ni.:tc;. r1a e1'acpp6 Kat KQVOVlKTJ Aetroupyia: ! = 2.0-2.5 ria j3ape16 1'e1roupyia ! = 2.5-3.0 - O raKTtK6c; t1'evxoc; rcu,v neowv Kpivera1 anapairriroc; Kat ouviorarat orov Ka8ap10µ6 rouc; rov t1'evxo

xa1'apwv ouvotoµwv, TOV t1'evxo cp9opcic; eepµouir ri OiOK<~.JV KAn. - O xe1p1orric; nptne1 np1v TT'lV Kavov1Kri tvap~ri epyaoiac; va 01amorwoet 6n 6>.ec; 01 ntoec; e!'va<;;ovra1

KQVOVlKQ Kaew<; Kl Ol optaKoi OlaK6mec; stop. • • Anapairrirri Kpivera1 oru; nep1006repec; nep1mwoetc; ri unap~ri op1aKwv µrixavioµwv aocpa1'eiac; (stop)

npoc; anocpuvri np6KAl10Tl<; ~riµ1wv. 01 µrixavtoµoi auroi nptns:t va eMvxovrat ouxvci Kat va pueµi~ovrat OUµcpwva µe TL<; OOT')yiec; TOU KaTaOKeuaorri.

4. HA&KTp1K6c; f~OnA10µ6c; I

• 01 n1'eKTp1Ktc; eyKaraor6oe1c; nptne1 va aKo1'ou9ouv nc; otar6~e1c; rwv Kavov1oµwv H1'eKTp1Kwv eyKara­or6oewv.

Ot ypaµµtc; rpocpooooiac; µe T)AeKTp. evtpyeta, µera an6 nivaKa, µnopouv va anore1'ouvra1 an6 Kar61'­Af1Aec; µeracpep6µevec; Ka1'wo1wae1c;, 01 onoiec; 6µwc; nptne1 va txouv au~nµtvri µnxav1Kri avroxri ;,:a1 e:napKfj T)AeKTptKT'J µ6vwOT'). (' Ap6po · 75 n.~. 1073/81).

• H1'eKTptKoi nivaKec; 01avoµric; Kat rpocpooooiac;, eyKaraorcioeic;, ouoKeutc; Kat µrixavfiµara yev1K6 npt­TTEL va OUVTT')POUVTOL oe TOKTci XPOVtKci 01aortiµara Kat eKTOKTW<; oe Kciee nepimc.>OT') avwµa1'iac; ri l3Ml311c;. wore va eiva1 ncivrore oe 6p10TT1 KarcioraOT') ·aocpa1'ouc; 1'etroupyiac;.

.... H OUVTriPllOTl ea npayµaronoteirat µ6vo an6 e~OUOLOOOTT')µevo aoetouxo HAeKTporexvirri. (' Ap6po 76 n_.a. 1073181).

• 01 111'eKTptKoi nivaKec; 01avoµnc; Kat rpocpooooiac; nptnet va eivat µeraMtKoi ri n1'aor1Koi, oreyavoti" runou Kat nptm:1 va txouv rri ouvar6TT'lra aocpa1'ioewc; (K1'e1owµaroc;). Ta K1'e1016 rwv mvciKwv aurwv ea q>uAAaooovrat an6 uneueuvo np6owno. (' Ap9po 77 n.~. 1073/ 81).

e IOtaiTS:Pll npoooxfi npenet VO OiveTat OTT'lV KaAri AelTOupyia TC.UV OUOTl"!µOTWV µeracpopcic; TWV KaAWOiWV n1'eKTp1KJic; napoxric; yepavwv, yepavoyeq>upwv Kat cpopeiwv wore va ano1<1'eierat Tl nepimwon np61<1'nonc; 13Ml3nc;.

ria ro Myo aur6 Ka1'6 eivat va unapxouv Kat eu:StKi:c; 01ara~e1c; aocp61'e1ac; (n.x. oupµar6axo1vo µeyi­'arou avoiyµaroc; KAn.).

• np1v an6 ono1aor']nore entµl3aon y1a eme/ on ri ouvrtiprion or1c; ri1'eKTp1Ktc; ev1<:araoraoe1c; nptne1 va 1'aµj36vovrat 61'a Ta anapaiTTtTa µ&Tpa anoµ6vw011c; rric; 11>.eKTp. napoxric;, acpaipeoric; aocpa1'e:1wv, ronoeerti­oeic; npoe1oono1rinKwv mvaKiowv Kat ciAAwv Kara m:pimwon µtrpwv aocpa1'eiac;.

Kpiverat anapaiTT'lTO o xe1p1<JTii, rou yepavou va evnµepwvera1 y1a Kaee epyacria nou yiverm oro i.inxa­vriµa Kat y1a Myouc; aocpa1'eiac; a(Ji.6 Kat via A6youc; KaAr;c; 1'e1roupyiac;. • Kpivera1 eer1Kri Tl unap~n '31'3>.iou cpyaa1wv OTT'lV et.on epyaoiac; rou µnxavr;µarcc; eni nAtov rric; npocpo­p1Kfjc; evnµtpwOT')c; xe1p1orri npoc; xe1p1orri Kara rriv aMavri j3apo1ac;, wore rux6v nap<lAeu~ri an6 rriv npocpo­p1Kfj evriµtpwOT') va npo1'aµj36vera1.

5. Ixo1v1ci (Mtoa avu1.11w011c;)

H avU4JWOJ'l Km yev1Kci 11 µeracpopci rwv avnKeiµtvwv emruyxave:rat µtow oupµar6axo1vwv. oxo1v1wv, oaµnaviwv, aAuoiowv, aytdorpwv. ciMwv eiowv avaprrionc; K>.n.

Apy6repa 8a µ1Ar'1oouµe XWPtora y1a TT')V Kaee oµaoa.

411

I

I • T . • -

1 _.,. I I

I . !:

' I

II

,· •,

Iuvonr1K6 emoriµoivoµe rwpo 6r1 nptne1 vo ra ouvrnpouµ~ Kavov1K6 (ft.inovon, Ka8ap1op6c; Kt.rt.), µe TQKTIKOU<; eMvxouc; va OlOntOTWVOuµe; TllV Kohr'} TOU<; KOTOOTOOf'l, va TllPOUµ& Tl<; oorwiec; TOU KOTOOKSUaoni Km va &cpopµ6~ouµe; 61'ec; nc; 010Ta~e1c; aocpa>..dac; nou ana1Touvra1. ·

6. AacpaAeta KQTQ TT')V xp1101µonoi11an QVUlpWTlKWV µayVT)TWV

• C t n>..rnrpoµayvr;n;c; xpno1µono1ouvra1 oe ouvouaoµ6 µe; yepavouc;, yepavoytcpupec; y1a rn µeracpo­pa 01or;pou, x6Au'3a 6>..wv Twv µopcpwv Km µeyeewv, eepµwv r; 4-1uxpwv (oK6µa Kot KaTw anc» TI;v emcp6ve1a rou· vepou) " · •

To n>..·eovtKrnµa Touc; eivm To 6n y1a rnv 6>..11 epyaoia onmreim1 µ6vo o xe1p1cmic; Tau avu4-1wT. µ11xavr;-µ0Toc;. . r

• · Evac; µayvr'irnc; ovu4-1wonc; anors>..d;m ~6 KUKA1K6 ri op9oywv1K6 xuToxa>.uf301vo Ktft.ucpoc; nou nep1txe1 nnvia an6 XOAK6v .. SOWTEPlKO KOi &~WT&ptK6 n6,\o y1a va ouyKparouv TO npoc; OVU4JWOl1 UAlKO KOi tvo µ11 µayv11n~6µevo npoaran:uT1K6 y1a vo npoarareuovrat Ta nnvia an6 ra u.\1K6.

0 1 op8oywv1Koi µayvrin~c; txouv · µ1Kp6T&Pl1 ovu4-1c.unKri 1Kav6TTJi:a on6 Touc; KUKA1Kouc;. H avu4-1c.uon yiveT01 µe enocpr; Tou µoyvrirn µe Ta u.\1K6 a>.AC.t nptne1 va yvwpi~ouµe 6T1 umipxe1 tvOJµoyv.

neoio oe 016Kevo aepo 5 twc; 15in ava>..oya µe To axriµo Kat To µtyeeoc; Tou µoy\lr'Jrn. • to µeTill1K6 owµo ev6c; llA&KTpoµayvrirn npE:ne1 va eiva1 ye1wµtvo 11 oe Tpocpooooia Twv TTT)viwv va yive­Tm on6 KuK.\wµara ave~aprnTo rnc; 11.\eKTptKri<; Tpocpooooiac; Tau yepavou. e nptnet VO AOIJ.l30V&TOl UTT04Jl1 OTl µe TTl OUV&Xri AEITOUpyia TO nnvia 0epµoiVOVTQI KOl 11 QVU4JC.UTIKiJ lKOVOTTl_. TO TOU TlAE:KTpoµoyvr'Jrn µetWVETOl. • llE.v nptm:1 va xp1101µono1ouVTot oe uft.tK6 nou µnopouv va µayvrrno0ouv. • 61aK6mec; Km nivaKec; n.\eKTp. napoxric; Tc.>v 11.\eKTpoµayvnTwv nptiu::t va emo11µaivovTm µenc; evoei~e1c;: «Kivouvoc; - µn xe1pi~eare Tov 01aK6rrni - 11>..eKTptKr'] rpocpoOOoia flA&KTpoµayvr'Jrn». e nptnet VO unapxet OlOTO~l1 TPOXaAlWV KOi TUµTTOVOU nou va Ka600rwei oocpCL\wc; TO KaAWC510 llASKTp. Tpo­cpooooia<; Tou _µayvfJJTl, ware va µnv -unopxet nepimwori vo unocrei ~11µici. . . . ~ . . . • r1a TTlV aocp6Ae10 epyooiac; ouotnoTe avu4-1c.uµtvo on6 11>..eKTpoµayvrrn1 cpopTio 01aK1veiTa1 navw on6 Touc; epya~oµtvouc;. . , . • 0 xe1p1on;c; nptne1 va yvwpi~et rn; C5uvoT6TllTE<; Tou 11.\eKTpoµC\MiTT'l npoTou npoj3ei oe 01ovor']n0Te xe1p1-aµ6. • Ot ouoKe:utc; npo<?apµoyr'Jc; Kat avaprnonc; Twv 11.\eKTpoµa'{VTTTwv an6 ro oupµaT6axo1vo Tou yepavou nptne1 va E:xouv e>..evxeei KCL\wc; an6 K6.8e 6.no4-111 (nptne1 va eiva1 o• KOT6.A>..11>..ec; y1a K68e nepimwon). • Evoe1KTtK6 ~acptperat mo KaTw via KUKAtKouc; µoyvrirec; ti ovu4Jc.>TtKii 1Kav6r11T6. Touc; (µtooc; 6poc; ouve­xouc; AetTOUpyioc;).

Q.=65 in 55 in 45 in 39 in 24 in

n.A.6.Ke<; 60.000 lbs 50.000 35.000 20.000 6.500

oiiSepa 2.800 ' 2.280 1.275 750 250

•re apK&Touc; yepavouc;, arouc; onoiouc; xp1101µono1ouvTat 11>..eKTpoµavv!'irsc;, .unapxe1 olicmiµa ecpeop1K6 -. ~.! -. - : via n;v. TlAEKTPiKr'L Tpocpoqopiq o~~nepimwori_ OlQ~om;c; rnc; nA.eKTptKilt; TOOnc; .TOU OlKTUOU. :-:-~-=--·-::.. -.: -:.:..:__: __ .:.:~_:_. __ _::_ ·-... - - - -· · - -- -- . -- .... - . ._ ... ~-·.. ... ,~.,~-~ . ._. ... -- . _. _ .. ..,, .... _ . __ •

. --------~·

.•• .. 7. Euaia0Eta Kat niEat') avtµou ·

• Ta A.M. nptnefv~ Tono9eTouvTat oe emcp6.ve1a oniPt~nc; enapKouc; avroxric;. ~:- - -· -- -·H e:uar66e161ouc; nptne1 vaE:~ocpo.\i~eTOl iStapKwc;, earw KOl OTOV auTa eivo1 E:KT6<; A&troupyiac;, µe TJ'l

! ·1 I I J

I .I I ! I

I I

xp1101µonoinon tpµa rot; aupµaT6axo1vwv. oy1<Upwoewc;, o<pnvwoec.uv, KOX1\1woe:c.uv K:a. r1a npoaraoio rwv epya~oµtvwv )..aµ'36veTa1 e101K6rcpa µtp1µva y1a TTjV ooq>aAri ouµnep1cpopa tvavn

Kpaoaoµwv.

412

.,. -

Anayope:ucrat T1 e:yKaraaraon Ti XPriOTl ye:pavou µe: K01p11<tc; ouver;Ke:c; nou eivm ouvar6v va etoouv oe: Kivouv'o rnv euoraee:ici rou.

repav6c; o onoioc; txe1 unoorei rnv e:niopa011 cuoµevwv Katp1Kwv ouv6nKwv nou µnopouv va ennpeci­ooov rnv e:uaraee1ci rou. nptne1 va e:Mvxe:ra1 np1v an6 rnv e:navaxpno1µonoinoli rou. ( · Apepo 54 n.~.

1073/ 81 ) . . • Ie: noMci A.M. unapxouv avcµ6µcrpa nou µac; oivouv rnv raxurnra rou avtµou oe m/sec. Ta 6pta nµwv TaXUT11Tac; avtµou ncivw an6 ra onoia T1 e:pyaoia rou µnxavr;µaroc; Kpiverat avaocpaAric;.

e~apTOTQl an6 TO u41oc; TOU µnxavi)µaToc; Kat TO e:iooc; rnc; KGTOOKeunc; TOU (eiooc; npooj3a>J.oµtvwv c:mcpa­ve:1wv). !uvr;ewc; OT11V Tipci~11 TiapaoeKTtc; nµtc; e:iva1: 18 twc; 22 m/sec nou avT10To1xouv oe twc; 30 kp/ m2

nie:011 Kpouoec.uc;. • Irnv Tiepimw011 nou 01 Katp1Ktc; ouv0l')Kec; Karaarouv e:mKi'1ouvec; via niv euOTciSe:ta Tou ye:pavou o

xe1p10Ti)c; Tiptne:1 aµtowc; va 0Taµan;oe:1 TT1 Ae1roupyid Tou µnxavnµaTOc; Kat va Ml3e1 6Aa ra evoe1KVu6µeva µt r pa (Aetroupyia apnaywv ouyKparn011c; KATI.). <l>uotKci nptne1 va txe:1 KaTe:j3cioe:1 To avu41c.uµevo cpoprio, va . 6xe:1 ' aocpa;\ioe:t KATI.,' .\emoµtpe:1ec; Kat evtpye1ec; Tiou ea avacpepeouv mo K<lrc.u. ·

8. Payee; Kat '51ai5poµo1 Kiv11011c;, TtpµaTa paywv, npocpuAatm;pec; np6aKpou011c; Km npocpuAaKTi)pec; (nep1~wµaTO"f;).

1. Ta A.M. Ta Ktvouµe:va oe Tpoxitc; nptTie:t va n.\11pouv rouc; aK6Aoueouc; 6pouc;: a) Ot rpox1tc; KiVT1cnic; rouc; nptTie:t va e:ivat roTio9eniµtvec; oe op1~6vno e:nineoo Kat va e:ivm nAf1pwc;

orepsc.uµtvec;. - 01 Tpox1tc; aurtc; nptne1 va e:ivm ecpoo1aoµtve:c; ora ciKpa rnc; 01aopoµT')c; rouc;; µe: avaaroAcic; ii xa.\1vw­

n'Jp1a;~· va e:KTeivovTat oe Kat ntpa aTI6 ra eµn601a ntpaToc; rnc; 01aopoµT')c; rouc; Kara µr;Koc; enapKtc;, npoc; e:~aaq>ciA1011 anooe:KTr'\c; 01avoµr;c; rou j3cipouc; rwv µ11xavnµ6rwv OTO toacpoc; ouµnepu\aµ13avoµtvnc; Kai rnc; np60Kpou011c; navc.u a· aura ra e:µn601a ntparoc;. To µr;Koc; npoeKTaoewc; oev Tiptne1 va eivat µ1Kp6re:po Tou ev6c; . µtTpou (1,00 m.)

· 13) 01 Tpox1tc; Ktvrioewc; Ku.\1oµtvou yepavou aTiayope:ueTm va xpno1µono1ouvra1 we; 011µeia ayKupwoe:wc; TOU. :.. .

y) 01 01onp0Tpox1tc; ncivw OT1<; onoie:c; K1ve:ira1 ye:pav6c; nptTie:t va: aa) Irnpi~ovrat oe: e:Tiap1<,~c; oraee:pri e:m<t>ave:1a Tipoc; anocpuvri uTiepj30A1Kric; Kciµ41ewc; Touc;. 1313) · E~ouv sTiapKi) oiaroµr; KOi oµa.\ri avw smcp6ve1a. yy) Evwvovrm µe: apµoKaAUmp1sc; ri om>.ouc; aKpoouvotoµouc;. M) ITspewvovra1 ae<paAwc; ncivw crrouc; orpc.unipe:c; r; orov cpopta rouc;. ee) · Exouv aKTiva KaµnuMrnrac; OTa KaµnuAa Tµriµara rouc; c:TiapKri wore va µ11v unapxe1 Kivouvoc;

eKTpox1aoµou. 2. · 0Aa ra A.M. nptne:t va 01aetrouv: a) !u0T11µa µe:ic.u011c; n.uv Kpaoapµwv nou npoKa>.ouvTat sire OTO rtAoc; TJ1<; 01aopoµr;c; sire an6 cu .:

yKpou011 e:iTe an6 an6roµ11 nton011. 13) laxuptc; A180Ka8ap10T1Ktc; 01ciTci~e1c; y1a rnv aTie>.euetpwOJ'l Twv rpoxwv an6 At0oouvTpiµµara Kat ru­

xov EVKOTaAE:tµtva QVTIKE:iµeva. y) ME:oa uno0T11pi~e:wc;, Tpoxoneor;oewc;, npooOE:oe:wc;. tKava y1a 711v n>.r;pn aK1vnTonoi11ori rnuc; tOTw Km

µe: ouv0riKe<; iaxupwv aveµomtoec.uv. ( ' Ap6po 57 n.~. 1073/81) . .. To axriµa Twv rpox1wv no1KiMe:1 avciAoya µe To µe:TaK1vouµevo cpoprio (cpope:io; yepav6c;, µtye_eoc;.

j3apoc; KAn.). Mnopei va e:ivm 01arnµnc; op6oywv1Kric;, OTpoyyuAe:uµtvric; ri KaµnuAeuµtv11c;:

4i3

-. .

r; OIQTOµric; ouµcpwva µc:; DIN 536 Tpox1tc; KS:

Y1'1K6 KarnoKe:unc; St -= 60 kp/rnm2.

· Orav ·11 cp6op6 T11<; Ki~cpa>..ryc; ·a = 25%h2 T6Te T). Tpox1a nptnE1 va aMaxee:L ' ' . ' •

9. ItcaAec;, nAaTcp6pµec;, n&~6opoµo1 (01aopoµo1 y1a n&~o(J<;)

• 01 01Mpoµo1 nptm:1 va txouv oµaA6 oan&oo, nAaTo<; cv6.'Aoyo rrpcc; Tov ap16µ6 rou npoowmKou nou i51tpxc:rm an· aurouc; (65 cm) Kat enapK?i cpwnoµ6. • 01 01Mpoµo1 Katra µeaoowµara e:q>oo16~ovra1 µe: KaraAA11>..a are:pea KtyKA.towµara u4Jouc; 1 mµe: napucpt1 nA<nouc; TOUAOXIOTOV 5 cm . .

·. To KUVKAii5wµa KOTCOKeua~e:rm Karet rp6no nou va e:µnoi5i~e:1 T11V 010 µtow aurou nrw011 e:pya~oµtvou. d"' 01 OlOOpOµOI Kat TO µ&OOOWµOTQ e;ivat naVTOT& CA&U9&pa KQI OE:V napevri6&VTQI e;µnope:uµaTO tl OIQVOtl·

! • ~

n:qre avr1Keiµeva nou napeµnooi~ouv T11~ e:uxe:pt1 KUKAocpopia . ... 01 aKciA&c;. av6oou nptne1 va eivci1 µ6v1µe:c; Kat va eiva1 OTa6ep6 npooapµooµtvec; Kat ora i5uo 6Kpa rouc; Km av. ana1reirat Km evo1aµe:ca.

Na cptpouv xe1poA1a61lp&<; Kat OTtc; Mo ni\euptc;, Ka6 · 6>..o ro µt1Koc; rouc;. 01 xe1po.>.106ripec; va ouve:xi­~ovrm npoc; ro avw oaneoo npoc; ro onoio oorwei 11 oKaA.a Kat ae: U4JO<; 1 m rouMx10Tov. navw an· aur6 va cptpouv nhr'Jp11 ap19µ6 J)a0µiowv rou iotou nMrouc; Kat U4Jouc;. To u4-1oc; rwv 13a9µiowv va e:ivm 18 twc; 28 cm. Evo1aµeaa (ava 1 Om t1 Kat >.1y6rc::po) nptne1 va unapxouv avanaun1p1a (KecpaMaKaAa), ra onoia ne:p1-aOAAovra1 an6 KUVKAIOWµara TOU tc'Siou U4JOU<; 6nwc; KOi TWV otaop6µwv. • 01 &~c..>rcpuct<; oKCt>.e<; nptm:t va eMvxovTat nep1001K6 an6 unzueuvo np6owno Kat 6>.a ra o~etowµtva r; q>Sapµtva Tµftµara va. emi51opewvovrat ri avr1Ka6iaravTa1 aµtowc;. • /\6yw 0Te:V6T11TO<; XWPCU ernrptne:1Tat 11 e:~UTT11PtT110l1 i51acp6pwv 5anei5wv r'J µe:oooantowv µ& Kci9&''f'&<; OTa8e:pe~ OKOAe:c; 01 onoie:c; nptne:1: a) Na eivm OTepea npocapµooµc':ve:c; Km OTa i5uo 6Kpa (Kat e:vo16µeoa av anmreiTct}. 13) • H va exouv xe1poA1oer;pec; Kat OTt<; Mo ni\e:uptc; r; npocpui\atmKft i5t6Ta~11 KPlVOAivou (npOOTQTf.:UTIKO oXftµaTO<; 1iµ1KUKAiOU). y) Na txouv w<; 13a6µioec; T11<; oK6Aa<; apKeT6 µr'JKoc; Kat va tmapxet niaw rou<; apKe:r6 i5160T11µa wore: va e~accpa>..i~era1 arr::pe6 n6T11 µa. ara n601a. o) Na ouve:xi~OVTOI 0 xe1po>..106r'Jpec; OE:: u4.1oc; TOUAOXlOTOV_ 75cm navw an6 T11V e:mq>ave:ta TOU oantoou, npoc; ro onoio o~riyei Tl oK6Aa: · . , <1>6pTtat'I lhaopoµc..>v Kat KA1µ6Kcuv: yev1Kci uno>.oyi~ovrm yta µe:raK1vouµevo µeµovwµtvo cpoprio 300 kp (papoc; 2 ·av6pwnwv µe cpoprio). • Kara T11V civooo Kat K66oo6 an6 n<; oKa>.ec; ra xtp1a npene:t va napaµtvouv e>..e:ueepa.

AvTtKeiµeva µevaAa nou oev e:ivm ouvar6v va µeTaq>E:povrat µE:oa art<; rotne<; rwv e:vouµarwv ri va avaprwvrat . an6 rte; ~wvec;, nptne1 va µeracpE:povrm µe O)(OM6. • Ta KUVKAtowµaTa rwv 010op6µcuv KAn. KaA6 e:iva1 va txouv OTO Karw 0tiµ_e:io 0wp6Kta (Hµouc; rouMxt0rov 15cm ware: va napeµnooi~E::Tat 11 nrwon UAlKWV ri e;pya,\eiwv.

414

• ~ - • • • :.. •• • • ~ • • • • , ~ # .

\..;; .. \·~:: ~ .. -~~ .;; :·~,~·;·:1 ,...:. S: n·;:..;. •. -· ;--·~i~~~~t~-

1 o. Aio601 Kai 61aKeva

• Mera~u Twv nMov npoe~ex6vTcuv Tµ11µ0Twv µrixavi]µaToc;, TO onoio nepiarpeq>eTat ri Kat KUKA.ocpopei oe r poxitc; KOL Twv araeepwv eµnooiwv OTT)v et011 eyKaTaaraoi::wc;, npene1 va unapxei e>.eueepoc; xwpoc; n>.oTouc; Tou>.ax1arov 60cm yta TTJV aoq>a>.i; KUKAOq>opia TOU npoowmKOU.

Eov TOuTo oev eivm ouvaT6v, nptnet va 011µ1oupyouvra1 KaTacpuyta KOTO µriKoc; TTJ<; Tpox16c; Kot oe a.noar6oetc; TO no>.u 10m. · 0Tov eivo1 oouvaTTJ 11 niP'lOTl TTJ<; onoorooec.;c; oun;c;, npem:t vo emon,µaiveTm KOT6M11>.a 11 onoy6peuon TTJ<; e1060ou npoownwv OTT)V emKivouv11 ~wv11 . ( · Apepo 57 nap. 3 n.6. 1073181 ).

• KoT6 TTJV ovu41won KOi yev1K6 TTJ µeracpop6 cpopTiwv on6 yepovouc; KOL ouvacpri µllxavnµoTa, nptnet va e~oocpa>.i~eTat µe ne:picppo;11 KAn., 671 01 epya~6µevot r't 01e:px6µe:vo1 oe ea KuK>.ocpopouv r't '3e ea eupioKovrm KOTW an6 TO OlQKlVOUµeva q>OpTia. (' Apepo 55 n .Ll. 1073/ 81) .

. 11. Epyaoiec; OE xwpouc; 6nou unapxouv eva&pta 11AEK1'p. KaAwo1a ' . . . :

• rm TTJV np6A114111 arux11µ6Twv, an6 oµe011 ri tµµe011 e:nacpri ri npootyy1on, npoc; oiKTua ri >.omo aroixeia 11>.et<TptKwv e:yKaTaar6oewv un6 Toon,, nptne1 e1otK6re:pa:

, a) Na >.aµj36vovrat 6>.a Ta emj3a>.>.6µeva µtTpa ware va anoKAeieTat 11 npo6eyy1011 epyo~oµtvwv oe 11>.et<Tpocp6pouc; aywyouc; r't ar0txeia, oox.eTa on6 TTJV TOOT) Touc;.

13) Ot µeTacpoptc;, xetpwvat<TtKec; r't 6Xt. 01acp6pwv ovr1Ke:q.:tvwv Kat 01 eyKaTaaraoeic; u11xovriµ0Twv, va npayµaTonotouvTat µaKp16 on6 11>.eKTpocp6pouc; aywyouc; OCJXETO on6 TTJV TOOT) Touc;.

y) !e nep1oxtc; 6nou unapxouv evatpia 11>.eKTp1K6 oit<Tua 1) eyKaraaraoeu; e:cp6oov epyo~ovTat r't K1vou­vrat u4111M oxriµaTa - µllxavriµaTa, yepavoi KAn. va >.oµj3ovovTat eni nMov Kat µe:To an6 €yypa<~11 EYKPtOTl TTJ<; LlEH np6oeera e101K6 µtTpa· aocpa>.eiac;. (' Apepo 78 n .Ll. 1073/ 81). e: Et<T6c; an6 Ta napan6vw avacpepouµe 6n, e101Ko artc; nepmrwoe1c; ouTE:c;, 11 µe:Tacpop6 cpopTiwv nptnet va yiyeTat µ6vo µe Til 1301;ee1a KouµaVTa~6pou o onoioc; ea txe1 nMpn om1Kri avri>.114111 rou xwpou epyaoioc; Kat TOU µeracpep6µevou cpopriou ware va µllv unapxe:t ne:pimwo11 auT6 va n>.1101ooe1 arouc; 11>.et<Tpocp6pouc; aywyouc;. (0 xe1p1crnic; 600 µey6A11 neipo KOi av ometTet, oev eiva1 ouvoT6v va txe1 enoKptj3l'J et<Tiµ110T1 T;uv cmoaraoewv TCJV avnKetµtvwv nou j3pioKOVTOL eµnp6c; ii navw Tou). · ' e: !TTJ ra>.A1Kri Noµoeeoio npoj3MneTm y1a TOOT) µ1Kp6Tep11 on6 57.000 Volts an6araon oocpa>.c:iac; TouMxt­<irov 3m evw y1a TCOJl µeya>.ure:p11 an6 57.000Volts on6aroOJ1 aocpa>.eioc; Tou>.oxtarov Sm

12. Emai6EUOT1 xe1p1CJTwv yepavwv

• 0 xe1p10µ6c; Tc.>v A.M. yive:TOL onapaiTJ1Ta an6 6Toµo uy1tc;, µe KaArl 6paon, KOL aKoJi, To onoiov txet eµnetpia KOi ecp6cov npoj3Mnerm an6 nc; Ke iµeve:c; 01aT6~e1c;, · Aoeia Xe:1p1cm;. (13Mne ouv11µµtvo nivoKa <!>1 ).

AnoyopeUE.TOl 0 XC:lptoµ6c; A.M. rl 11 Koeool'JV110Tl TOU X&lpton'J TOU 010 OT)µOTWV an6 aroµa llAlKiac; KOTW TWV 18 E:TWV.

C xe1p1arric; KaT6 TTJ 016pKe1a Ae'lToupyiac; Tou µ11xavl'JµaToc; j3pioKeTOL oe 9€01'1 an6 TTJV onoia txe1 n>.i;p11 opar6TTJTO KOL enomeia cpopTwoec..Jt; Kat eKcpopTwoewc; Twv uA1Kwv Km TTJ<; 6Al'1c; otaopoµric; Touc;, KaT6 TTJV avu4JW011 Kat TJ1V op1~6vna µeTocpop6 rouc;. H et<TE:>.e:on, epyooiac; oe 011µeio µ11 opOT6 on6 TO xe1p1crn;, eivo1 ouvcm; µ6vo 6Tav one; emocpa>.e:ic; 9E:oe1c; un¢pxe1 tµne1po np6owno, npocpu>.ayµtvo an6 TTJV meavi; mc.J011 Twv µeTaq>epoµtvwv u>.1Kwv, y1a va KaTeueuve1 µe or'JµaTa rouc; xe1p1oµouc;.

Kaee oJiµa Oto6µevo yta TJ1V KLVl10T) ii OVOKOmi KlVllOT]<; TOU AM. npene1 VQ eiva1 E:UKp1vtc; Kat va OlOE:TOl KaTd rp6nov, ware TO np6owno npoc; TO onoio om:ueuveTm va µnopei va TO avrtA11cpeei euKoAa.

· Opyava ii ouoKeutc;, nou xp1101µono1ouvra1 y1a TTJV napoxri llXllTlKwv l'J cpwre1vwv eyxp-Wµwv ri µ11 011µ0-TWV, nptnet va 01aTTJpouvrat oe KaAJi KOT6ara011 >.eiroupyioc; Kat va npoaraTeuovrm an6 r uxaia entµ(3oCT]. (' Apepo 64 n .Ll. 1073/ 81).

• H 8t011 l'J e;topa. 11 onc[a otaTieerm y1a ro npoowmK6 0011vrim:wc; Tou AM., nptnet vo eivm yev1K6 enopKouc; emcpoveiac;, va t xe1 aocpa>.ri npoontAaOJl Kat vo eivm aoq>a>.Jic; (KUYKAiowµa avToxl'Jc;). E~ 6Mou, o

41 5

86Aoµoc; oonVTiaewc; ecp6ooy 010Ti8era1, nptne:1 e:KT6c; Twv nopon6vw vo npooraTe:ue:1 TO xe:1p1oni on6 nc; KatplKtc; auv8~Ke:c;, VO µnv cµnooi~e:l TO OITTlKO ne:oio TOU Kat VO µnv OUOKOACUE:l TOV n£plOOtK6 t>..e:vxo TCUV TµT')µQTCUV TOU A.M., TO Onoio j3piOKOVTOl µtao ri KOVTQ OTO 86Aaµo. (' Ap6po 65 n.Li. 1073/81).

• O xe:1p1an;;; KoT6. Tl1 >..e:1rnupyia Tou A.M. nptne:1 vo nopaKo>..ouee:i auve:xwc; TTlV nopeia Kat TTlV 6>..ri >..e:1rnupyio Tou, anayope:uoµtvric; Tllc; ne:p1cpop6c; Kot ovu41wce:wc; Tcuv cpopTiwv une:p6.vw etae:cuv epyaoioc; Kat 6>J..wv etaecuv auyKe:VTpwoecuc; npoowmKou.

Oµo!wc; oev nptne:1 vo e:yKaTa>..£ine1 TO µrixavriµa µe: cpop_Tio avu41wµtvo Kat atwpouµe:vo Kol np0Ke:1µt­vou va anoµaKpuvee:i an· auT6 ocpe:O.e:1 va 6tTe:1 To xe:1p1cm1p10 OTT! etari «EKTOI», va 01aK6me1 TTlV ri>..e­KTpoo6TTlari Tou Kat vo auo(piyye:1 TTlV ntori. Ie: ne:pimwari 0Lcpvio1ac; 01aKom'tc; Tllc; nioewc;, o xc1p1cm1c; npt­ne:1 aµtaw<; va etre:1 6>..a Ta xe1p1onipta OTTl Stan «EKTOI».

E~illou, 01 e:KTe:AouVTe:c; TTlV cp6pTwan nptnet va anoµaKpuvoVTat an6 TO cpopTio, np1v TTlV tvap~ri avu-q.iwaric; TOU. (' Ap6po 66). .

• H µ&Tacpop6 - avu41wan npoowmKoli µe: A.M: uAtKwv, onayopeueTaL Eniaric; anayopeu&Ta111 ovoppi­xriari npoowntKOU oe: KQTOK6pucpe:c; Tpox1tc; ri tKptwµara µ11xavriµ6TWV, e:KT6c; e6v QUTO QKIV11TOUV KQI txe1 anayopeueei 11 Kiv11an rnuc; (KAe1owµtvo To xe:1p1anip16 TOuc;), txouv oe: >..11cp9e:i Kat 6>..a Ta ilia µtrpa oacpa­>..e:iac; nou anatTOUVTat KaT6 ne:pimwori. (' Ap8po 68 n.Li. 1073/81).

• Anayope:uoVTa1 01 0K6>..oueo1 e:vtpye1ec;, we; emKivouvo1: a) H npayµaTonoi11an e:moKe:uwv OT01xe:iwv µ11xavr;µaroc;, xcupic; Ta µ11xovr'iµara va eivat ae: nMp11 OTOOT) Kat µe rouc; K1vrp1)pec; eKT6c; >..e:1Toupyiac; Kat e~oocpa>..1aµtvouc; tvavn Tuxaiac; >..av8aoµtv11c; £KKtvtjoe:cuc;. p) H e>..e:ueeµ11 01wpria11 cpopTiou (Xpn011 axo1v1ou 0011vou). y) H av6PTT10Tl q>opriwv un6 ycuvla (µe ClVIOO aKtt..11 apTovwv) o) H QVU4JCUCJl - Karaj3ij3aOT) cpopTicuv, an6Toµa ri µe: µe:y6A11 TaXUTTlTa n an6Toµ11 nto11011. e:) H XPrian ecp8apµtvwv apTavwv, oupµaT6axo1vwv Kat aKaTaMri>..wv ayKiOTpwv. OT) H t>..~11 it avu41wori q>opriwv 6Tav TO aupµar6axo1vo rou ouaniµaroc; avu41woewc; j3pioKETat un6 ycuvia (µn KQTQKOpUcpt1 QVU'4JWOT"I). ~ H unepcp6prwari Tou µnxoviiµaToc;.

• •. i't) H µe:racpop6 cpopTiou npoooe:oeµtvou xaft.ap6 ii avenapKwc;. • 8) H' ovu41r...,ari ii on68e:011 cpopTicuv ntpav TT)c; npoj3o>..r;c; Tou j3paxiova Tou µrixovr;µaroc; (Ao~6 Tp613nvµa). 1) H napoµovtj 01ouonn0Te npoownou Karw an6 ovaj31j30~6µeva cpopTia, ouµnept>..aµf3ovoµtvou Kot Tou CKcpcu­vouvroc; To ariµara y1a TTlV avu41wari. o ono!o~ nptne1 va j3pioK£Tat oe Stan aocpaft.r'l. 10) Hr napaµovri npoownou Kovr6 oe oupµoT6axo1va KOL axo1v16 nou 13pi0Kovra1 un6 TOOT), (' Ap6po 69 n .Li. 1073/81).

• K68£ A.M., nptne1 va txe1 cpuA>.6010 0011v1wv xpriaewc; OUVTT1Pnocwc; KOL Aocp6Ac:1ac; c:miv EM11v1Kn y>..woaa. (' Ap6po 52 n .Li. 1073/ 81 ).

• 0 xe1p1cm1c; nptne1 va yvcupi~e:1 nep1006repo an6 K66e 6.Mo n~ ouvor6TT1r£c; nou txe1 ro µ11x6vriµo nou xe:1pi~er01.

• Liev nptnet va emTptne:TOL ae Kovtva vo npoj3ei ce rono6tTT1011 oe: etari >..e1rnupyioc; «EKTOI» Twv 01ocp6pwv auaKe:uwv opiwv oocpaJ\eioc;. ·

• Lie:v emTptnerOL 11 eiooooc; µti e:~oumoooTTlµtvwv npoowmuv aro 66Aoµo xe:1p1an;. • M6v1µ01 xe:1p10Ttc; yepovwv -•yepovoyecpupwv nptne:1 vo npol3afvouv oe: 10Tp1Ktc; e~e:T6oe1c; ae roKTt­

K6. i51oon;µora . ., Anayopeuerat OTouc; xe:1p10Ttc; ri Ari 4J11 ;rpocpwv KOL 11 av6yvwari Kora TT1 i516pKe:10 TTl<; npoyµoTtKT'Jc;

Ae!TOupyiac; TOU A.M. • Xe:1p1onic; nou 01066verm owµonKfi ri nveuµar1Kii 00108e:aia, unoxpe:ouTat va ~nrnae:1 av6.nouari. K6rw

an6 Tbo1e:c; auv6riKe:c; anoyopeu&Tat a· auT6v va xe:1p1are:i A.M. • ' 0Tov o. xe:1p1anic; KoT6 TTlV ov6An4111 epyooiac; j3pe:1 Tov Kup10 ni\ei<TptK6 010K6TTTTl ii Tov 11i\e:KTp1K6

010K6TTTT1 Ktvouvou avotKTouc;, oev £mTptne:rm va rouc; KA.e:ioe1 np1v i3£130Lcu6ei 6r1 Kavtva 6.roµo i5e: f3piot<£Tat rr>..11oiov rou A.M. r'1 navw o ' ouT6.

• 0 xe1p10Tfic; ocpeO.e:t va j3e:f3mw6e:i np1v Khe:ioe:1 rov Kup10 01aK6"TT1 6Tt 6>..a ra xe1p1on'Jp1a f3pioKovrat OTl1 Stan «EKTOI».

416

• · Ecp6oov Kpivc:1 o xe1pumic; 6n op1oµtvec; e:muKeutc; c:ivat anapaiTilre:c; ri avru\ricp9e: i e:Aanwµara ava­cptpe:1 aµtowc; oro apµ6i510 npoioraµe:v6 rou.

• Kara TI1V aMavn l36pi51ac;, anapaiTilTO o xe:tptonic; e:vriµe:pwve:1 nMpwc; rov avr1Karaorarri rou y1a Ka9e:ri nou txe:1 axtori µe: TI1V Kai.ti Kat aocpaM .\e:1roupyia rou A.M. ti y1a nc; rux6v e:moKe:utc; - e:m9e:wpJi ­oe1c; nou .\aµj36vouv xwpa. . Onwc; e:Mxeri KQl mo navw 9e:TtKti e:ivat 11 unap~fl 13tl3.\iou e:pyamwv.

• t:..e:v e:mrptne:rat 11 cp6pr1ori rou A.M. ntpav rou avwrarou e:mrpe:noµtvou cpopriou. • O xe:1p1ornc; ocpe:iAe:t, np1v avuL1Jwoe:1 an6 ro toacpoc; rq cpoprio, va i51amorwoe:1 o io1oc; ti ro np6owno

an6 TO OnOiO K0600!1VE:iTat µe orlµCTQ OTl E:lVQl aocpa.\wc; TTpOOOE:OE:µtvo Kat lOOl;uy1oµtvo OTQ oaµnOVIQ. • Anayope:uer a1 11 XPri.ori ye:pavoye:cpupwv yta n.\e:uptKtc; w9tioe:u;, e:Kr6c; e:av rouro e:mrpane:i an6 une:u­

euvo np6owno KOT6mv E:AeVXOU 6n oe:v KIVOUVC:UC:l Tl e:uor66e:1a Kat 6n TQ Otacpopa rµtiµara TOU A.M. oe:v KOTQOOVOUVTQl untpµe:rpa. -

e Eav XPE:l009ouv i5tai5poµi:c; µtxpt TWV Te:pµarwv TWV OlOJ"\POTPOXlWV, 6a npi:ne:t O XC:lPtorrlc; VO E:~QOKTl-6e:i wore va µnv avarptne:1 Ka9e: cpopa ro 01aK6"Tt1 rtp1-1aroc; 01aopopwv. .

.• 0. xe:(ptonic; ocpeiAe:t KOT~ TI1V QVOATll.IJTl rric; e:pyaoiac; TOU, va OOK1µ6oe1 xwpic; cpoprio TO 01aK6ITTTl rtpµaroc; yta VQ OlOntOTWOE:l TI1V KaAri AE:lTOUpyia TOU. I .

Anayope:ue:rm an6.\ura 11 XPrlOTl rou 01aK6TtT11 rtpµaroc; oav 01aK6TTTTJ .\e:troupyiac;. • Mtaa oro 96>.aµo rou xe:1p1oni anayope:uerat 11 avaprriOTJ e:vi5uµ6Twv Kat illwv npoowmKwv avr1Ke1µt­

vwv KQl fl ano6tiKEUOf1 EOTW KOl npoowptVQ OOXE:iWV, e:pyaA.eic.uv KAn. e !e K09e: KlVflOTJ TOU A.M. Ka6wc; e:niOTJc; OTQV TO cpoprio ti TO CVKIOTPO nATlOIO~E:l rl Otf:PX8TQI navw an6

QTOµa, 0 xe:1p1onic; ocpe:i>.et VO Of1µaive1 TO npot.; TOUTO npoe:1i5ono1ljTlK6 oriµa (ouvr'J9c.uc; . f1Xl1TlKO). • Ecp6oov np6Ke:1ra1 va µe:raooeouv oonyie:c; ille:c;, e:KT6c; rwv OTJµ<irwv, o xe:1p1onic; ocpe:i.\e:t va aK1vri -

rono1r;oe:1 ro A.M. · . ·~· T11v wpa nou ava.\aµj36ve:t unnpe:oia nptne:1 va 01amorwoe:1 6r1 oe:v unapxe:1 Kano10 e:µn6010 or1c; rpo­

x1tc; TOU µ11XOVt'lµaToc; (aK6µa KQl av6pwnoc; nou µnope:i VO KOlµOTOl!).

0EMA «B» AA YIIAEI · . .

.-:,a) Ot a>.uoHSec; nou XPf10tµono1ouvrm ae A.M. nptne1 va e:ivm c:vtaiac; avroxric; Ka9' 6.\o ro µtiKoc; rouc; Kat :anapaiTilTQ xwpic; KOµ~ouc;.

t3) Anayope:ue:rm· ri xPriOTl a>.uoioac;, 11 onoia j3paxuv611Ke: ri ouvi5t6nKe µe illn a>.uoioa µ& KOXAicc; Kat nep1K6x>.1a -nou rono6en;e11Kav µtow rwv oaKTuAiwv aurwv.

1a) H e:yKaraoraOTJ, o the:vx.oc; Kat Tl ouvniPTlOTl rwv ahuoiowv e:KTe:he:irat an6 tµne:1po Kat e:~e1i5 1Ke:uµtvo

npoowmK6. in) Anayopeuerat Tl XPriOTl a>.uoioac; e:cp6oov txe:1 unoore:i ~mµriKUVOTJ, µe:raoKeun r'J e:moKe:ur'J µe: ou­

yK6MnOTJ. 16) 01 a>.uoioe:c; KQTQ TflV QVTlKQTQOTOorl TWV nptne:l va Ota6trouv Ta TeXVlKO XOPOKTI1PIOTIKQ, Ta Ka6ap1~6-

µe:va an6 rov KaraoKe:uaon;. (' Ap6po 60 n . .t:... 1073/81). . t:..1aKpivoµe: ouo e:1owv a>.uoioe:c;': a) AAuoil5cc; µc KpiKouc;, 13) ap0pwn~c; aAuoi5cc;. !rouc; yepavou~

xpn0tµono1ouvrat ouvr;ewc; 01 a.\udioe:c; µe: KpiKouc;. Ol a>.uoioe:c; KQTQOKEUO~OVTat an6 µaA.aKO. xa>.uj3a KUKAIKric; i51aroµnc; µe ouyK6M110T1 09p = 3500 twc;

3700. kp/cm2.. Kpaµara x6Aul3a txouv e:mKpartioe:t oav u.A.1Ka rwv a.\uoiowv. napouma~ouv µe:ya>.ri avroxri 0111v rp113r;

Kat Tl cp9opa rouc; eivm yev1K6 µ1Kpfi. · rta. c151Kouc; oKonouc;. (avroxti oe: 016j3pwari Khn.), oav uhtK6 yta nc; a>.uoioec; XPTlOLµonotouvrm avo~.

x6Aul3ac;, µtraMo monel,- XoAK6c; Kat ilia uh1K6. Ot l0l0TI1Tec; TOU UAlKOU TWV ahuoiowv anOKTWVTQl µ&Ta an6 0cpµucft ICQT&pyaaia (CVOOTI10T) - enava­

cpopa). 01 KaraoKe:uaortc; ahuoi~wv xprio1µono1ouv Kpaµara µe: ne:p1e:KTtK6TTlre:c; oe i516cpopa oro1xe:ia nou m­

KoiMouv ava>.oya. !uvr'}Swc; ri ne:p1eKT1K6TI1Ta oe: Mn eivat twc; 6%.

417 ·

·-

·l

l 1

~

Ot a>.uoioec; µera an6 TTlV Sepµ. Karepyaoia txouv µnxavtKec; tot6TTlrec; we; e~r')c;:

Taon ecpe.\Kuoµou: 115.000 psi min EmµiJKuvon: 15% eMxtOTTl.

!rov nopaK<irw nivoKa cpoivovrm To ouvtorwµeva 6pta cp6pnonc; Kara TTlV epyooio, Tov E:A.evxo ooKtµf)c; cpoprioewc;, KOL ro eA.ax1oro cpoprio 6pauoewc; TTl<; a,\uoioac;.

-~· •,

I' •' I

d a>.uoiooc; KOVOVtK6

1 /4 in 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 718

1 1 1/8 1 1 /4 1 3/8 1 1/2 1 3/4

cpopTio A.etroupyioc; (lb) oocpa>.eiac;

3.250 6.600 , .

11 .250 16.500 ' 23.000 I

28.750 38.750 44.500 57.500 67.000 80.000

100.000

cpoi:;>rio EAOXlOTO OOKlµfic; (lb) cpopr. 6pouoewc;

(lb) 6.500 10.000

-13.200 19.000 22.500 23.500 33.000 50.000 46.000 69.500

I: 57-.500 93.500 77.500 122.000 89.000 143.000 115.000 180.000 134.000 207.000 160.000 244.000 200.000 325.000

~:-.01 rtµE:c; nou oeixvet o nivoKoc; auT6c; eiva1 To µE:y1ora cpopria nou txouv emreuxeei oe 00K1µec; µiJKouc; a>.t1oioac; .

. :~- · OA.ec; ot a>.uoioec;. 00K1µci~ovra1 'µe TTlV mo mivU> OOKtµfi eMvxou nptv TTlV re,\tKfi em6/ on Kai cp6prwOTJ. ::. H aVTOXtl ·ac 8pau011 au~civerat ava.\oy1K<i npoc; TTlV o'K>.11p6TTlTO (nou napayerOL µe eepµtKfi Korepya­

aia). < Enionc; n ovrioraon OTTJV rp1l3n au~cive1 ava>.oytKci µe TTl ol<AnP6TTlTO.

• · I.TTlV rcion nou npoKaAeirOL ano-.ro cpoprio A.eiroupyiac; TTl<; a>.uoioac; nptne1 va Mj3ouµe un64Jn Kai 01cicpo­pa. KpoucmKa q>opTia nou npo~evouvra1 an6: cp0apµevouc; KPiKouc;, an6 nvciyµaro or1c; evwoe1c; TU>V rpox1wv Kat· an6 «VAlorpJiµaro» Tll<; a>.uoiooc; un6 TTlV em;peia rou cpopriou. .

· Eav oev µnopouµe va uno.\oyioouµe ro 01cicpopa Kpouor1K6 cpopria r6Te npene1 vo xpno1µono1eiTOL µ1Kp6-repo cpoprio EPyooiac; ave~<iPTTlTO on6 rov Tuno TTlc; a>.uoioac; . • Ol a>.uoioec; eiva1 KOTciMnA.ec; Kai· yia Af:lTOupy(a oe U4Jl1M SepµoKpooia. Qor6oo ouvexnc; Aetroupyia oe SepµoKp. 425°C (800 F) anOLTei µciw011 30% TOU q>OpTiOIJ auvneouc; A&lTOupyiac;.

Ot aAUCli~&c; OUTtc; µnopouv va XP1'10tµono1110ouv a& 0&pµoKp. ewe; 1000 Fµ& 50% µeiwOT) OTO cpopT[O ouvfi6ouc; AElTOupyiac; aMci µ6vo via 01a>.einouoa epyooia (OX\ OUVEXfi).

Mera 6µwc; an6 epyaoia TTl<; a>.uoiooc; oe rtro1ec; u4Jni\t.c; SepµoKp. npeneL nMov µ6v1µ0 vo µetw6e:i Kara 15% To 6p10 oocpa>.ouc; q>oprio'u A.e1roupyioc;. e 01 OVTOXE~· yeVlKa KOi TQ' 6p10 cpopTiU>V TWV aAUOiOWV ~&V µ&Taj3aAAOVTQI at00J'1Tcl O& xaµnA.tc; 0&pµo­Kpaoi&c; nep1j36Movroc;. • Kara nporiµnon Ta aaµnav1a ai.uai~wv nptne1 va ra npoµneeu6µaore an6 rov KaToaK&uocm; Km onore­otinoTe ana1rouvra1 emoKeuE:c; va npayµarono1ouvTOL µ6vo an· aur6v.

· Ta oaµrrciv1a aura c5uvar6v va anoTe..\ouvrai an6 nep1006repec; TTl<; µ1ac; a>.uo(oec; ·ava.\oya µe ro 136.poc; Km T1l µopcpiJ rou npoc; µeracpopci ~apouc;.

f).ev nptnet ncivTwc; va ~exvaµe 6rt 6ao µ&16>v&To1 fl ywvia µ&Ta~u aA.uoioac; Kot op1t;;oVTiou, T6aov fl TaCJ11 1<60& aKci.ouc; Ttl<; no).AanAr;c; av<iPTTlattc; au~av&Tat (6nc.u1; napc.crar1Ka cpaiveTat OTTlV e1K6va ns). • AyKtOTpa KOi auvocaµo1

KaTa yev1K6 Kov6va ayK1orpa, oaKTu..\1~1, ouvoeoµo1 KAn. e~apn;µaro nptne1 va Kai-ooKeuci~ovTat an6 TO iOIO fj lOOOUvaµo 6epµ1Ka KOTepyaoµf:vo Kpaµo XCtAUj3o, 6nwc; KOL !") lOlQ !") OAUOiOa.

418

!e: noMtc; ne:p1mwoe:1c; Ol OtcicpopE:c; ouvotoe:ic; TWV e:~CplllµOTWV txouv yive:t OTTO TOV KQTQOKe:uaon; TT)<; a.A.uoioac; Kat txouv e:Ae:vxee:i oav e:vwµtva rc:µaxia (e:viaio 01'.JvoAo). 0 ouvTcAccmic; aacpaA.ciac; nptnc1 va cKA.tycTal µcyaA.uTcpoc; ii iooc; an6 Tov auVTcA.ccmi aoq>aA.ciac; nou Aaµj3av&Tal yla aA.uaioa µ6v11.

Eav KaraOTe:i anapaiTTlTO va avnKaraOTaec:i tvac; KpiKoc; 6x1 6µwc; an6 rov KaracKe:uaOTi], aur6 nptne1 va y{ve:1 µe: µe:y6An npoooxri KOi acpou yive:1 QVQAUOfl TOU UAlKOU KOi c:rraKptl3ric; µtrpno11 TWV OlQOTQOC:WV TOU.

tie:v nptne:1 va xpno1µono1cuvrai 'ruxaia UAtK6 ra onoia oe:v txouv nc; anapailllrc:c; npooiaypacptc;. Ta 016cpopa e:~apTr')µara txouv 01acrraoe:1c; nou no1KiMo~v av6Aoya µe: rov KaraoKe:uaoTr'). Anapainiro Kpive:ra1 nc; ne:p1006re:pc:c; cpopti:;, ra 6yK10Tpa va txouv 01ara~e: 1c; µn anayKiOTpworic;. noMoi rpauµanoµoi txouv rrpoKJ..nec:i, 6rav e:pya~6µcvo1 t13a.A.av ra MKTuM rouc; avaµe:oa era ayK1-

- orpa Kat OTO npoc; µe:raqiopa cpopria. r1a va anocpe:uyovra1 rtro1e:c; ne:p1mwoe:1c;, µnopc:i va txouv ronoee:ni­ee:i «AatJ&c;» maoiµOTO<; OTO ayKlCiTpO r') OTOV TE:AC:UTOiO . ouvoe:oµo.

ria VO au~r;oouµe: e:nioric; n;v TOXUTl"JTQ OTl"JV e:pyaoia ouxva XP1'1otµono1ouvT01 «Aal3tc;» oe: µe:y6Aa ayKl-' • t

OTpa. , , J. H 'ouyK6Mnori rwv Aa11wv nptne:t va yive:1 np1v ni ee:pµ1Kri Kare:pyaoia. Eav yiv~t µe:r6, nptne:1 va aK0Aou­

er;oe1 ~QVQ 0e:pµ1Kfi KaTe:pyaoia. Ot n~Jrtc; nptne:1 va e:mee:wpouv µe: npoooxn µr']nwc; ruxov npoKAr;enKav µe:yaAe:c; ouyKe:vrpwoe:ic; raoe:­

wv an6 ni ouyK6Mnori. npayµa nou ea e:ixe: oa ouvtne1a niv µE:iwOTJ nic; avu41wnKT'Jc; tKavonirac; Kai r11c; aoqi6Ae:1ac; Kara niv e:pyaoia.

Em6cwp11<J11 - ncpl051KOi eA&yxo1 01 ne:p1006re:pe:c; an6 nc; npoKJ..11ee:ioe:c; ~nµitc; ea anoqie:uyovrav, e:av ytv6rav npOAflTTTtKC! e:me/ on.

. Mia KaAli cm0/ari yive:rai ac ouo ara61a: µta 11µcp11aiwc; an· aur6v nou xpnmµono1c:i niv·a.A.uoioa Kat n aMn ava 6µ11vo TOUAax1arov an6 np6owno C:lOlKO C:Knatoe:uµevo KOi ne:ne:1paµtvo. nptne:1 va µnope:i, o. e:p­y~6µe:voc; nou K6ve:1 rov tAe:vxo. va Ka6opioe:1 rouc; ouvotoµouc; Kat ra 6yK10Tpa nou txouv yive:t avaoqia.A.ri ano une:pcp6prwOTJ ri OMe:c; Aaveaoµtve:c; e:vtpye:ie:c;. Aµtowc; nptne:1 va anoµaKpuvovrm Kat va avr1Kaeiora­vr<i1 µe: aoqia.A.iJ.

nptne:t VO yivETOl ~ETQ<Jll 6Awv TWV KpiKWV y1a VQ e:J..e:x0e:i av unapxouv: 1. napaµopq>wµtVOl KpiKOl

·. 2. Pwyµtc; or1c; ne:p1oxtc; ouyK6MnOTJc; 3. EyKapme:c; pc.uyµtc; Km KoiA6rnre:c; 4. !nµe:io 01al3pwOTJc; 5. Emµr')Kuvori nou npoKAr;6nKe: an6 une:pcp6prwori .

. .Ern'36Me:ra1 o tAe:vxoc; 6Awv rwv KpiKwv, tva npoc; tva Kat 6x1 n µerpnori n.x. rou µr')Kouc; e:v6c; rµ1;µa­roc; a.A.uoi~ac;, e:ne:ior; 6Aot 01 KpiKOl oe:v napouo16.~ouv rnv iota cp6op6. anapairnra KOi trot µnope:i vo KaraM)­~ouµe: oe Aaveaoµtva ouµne:paoµara .

. Orov e:mee:wpouµe: Ta ayKtOTpa, n µtrpnOTJ nptne:t VO yive:rm OTO ore:v6re:po onµe:io . . Orcv 11 016crraon auTr') exei au~n0ci l(QTQ 15% CVQVTl TT1c; apx1KJic; T6Te TO clVKlOTPO nptne:t va OVTlKQTOOTa8ei.

ErJv txe1 npoore8e:i Kanotoc; KpiKof;, ox1 6µwc; an6 rov KaraoKeuooTr'), nptne1 va emee:wp116e:i µe: napo noAu µe:v<lAn npoooxn.

nor& oe:v npenet va npo'3aivoupe: oe 8epµ1Ktc; Kore:pyooie:c; 016n µe:1wverm Tl OKAT]pornra Km Tl avroxri.

O~nyi&c; y1a aaq>ciA&1a KoTa rn XPriori rwv a.A.uoiowv: 1) tiev nptne:t va. onµ1oupyouµe evwoe:ic; a)..uaiowv xp1101µono1wvrac;· KoxAicc;, nep1K6XA.ta Khn. 2) · Orav napoumacrre:i µntpacµa a& aAuoilSa oe:v npene:1 va T11V rpa13·aµe: an6roµa, aMa 01y6 - mya

ronoee:rwvroc; rouc; KpiKouc; KorOMnA.a. 3) tizv nptne:t va XPflOtµono1ouµe aq>upi y1a TJ'l 13iatn ronoetnian aAuoiowv OTO OVKlOTPO n avricrrpocpo. 4) 01 µ6v1µe:c; 61CUKPIVIOTlKCc; mvaKiocc; nou ouxva TOTT06&TOUVTQl an6 TOV KQTQOK&uaOTr'] crrtc; aJ..uoi­

oec; OEV nptm:t va Oq>OipOUVTOl. 5) Na µn ~e:xvaµe: nwc; µera'3aJ..Aerat n Taari Tc.vv aKcAwv av6pT11onc; ouvapTJioe:1 rr1c; ywviac; np6aoeonc;.

419

---

.. • .... oa

:::. :..·~ .

6)n6.vTOTe va xp1101µono1ouµe rouc; KaTaAi.r.Aouc; ouv6toµouc; rrou npoopi4ovTm Kot r01p16~ouv om; QJ\uoioec;.

7) Ta ciyKIOTpa nptnc1 ya q>OpTi~OVTOt µ6vo OTO KOTW Oflµeio TOU<;: Kat 6x1 OTO .Aem6 6Kpo TO onoio µnope:i euKoMre:pa va unoOTe:i ~riµ16.

8) A>.uoi6e:c; nou oe xp1101µono1ouvTa1 nptne:1 va rono8e:TouvTa1 oe: axenK6 pciq>1a ii KpcµaOTpcc; Km ox1 va QTTAWVOVTOl OTO toacpoc; e:KTe:8e1µtvec; oe QUTOKiVl1TO KATT.

9) nptne1 va aocpC1A[4ouµe: µe: KaTaAA11A&c; ~taTci~etc; T\J <popTia Tcuv onoiwv TO (3cipoc; KaTavtµe:rm a­ouµµcTpa Kat ra onoia np6Ke1Ta1 va µe:racpe:peouv.

npoooxri nptne:t va oioe:rat OTTl KOAU4Jl1 Twv C1Auoiowv oe: op1oµtva oriµe:ia avapmOflc; y1a rov µ11 Tpau­µar10µ6 Twv npoc; µe:racpop<l avr1Ke:1µtvwv (µa;i>.ap1a npoOTaoiac;).

Eav Kara Tov t>.e:vxo me; C1Auoioac; j3pe:9e:f oe: rµr;µa me; cp0op6. r; e:mµriKUVOJ'l µe:ya>.1:ire:p11 KaT6 5% Tou KaVOVIKOU, nptne:1 va OXPl10TE:Ue:Tal. H cp9op6. O& 1<aee: KPiKO oe:v nptne:1 va une:pf3aive:1 TO 25% TOU naxouc; Tou ooKTu.A.iou.

I ' . .

0EMA «r» IYPMATOIXOINA

Ta oupµaT60)(01va nptne:1 vo e:ivat cnapKouc; aVToxt1c;, y1a mv aocpaAr; npayµaronoi11011 me; e:K60ToTe: e:pyooiac; 01amp11µtva KC1A6. KOi e:u51K6Tepa:

a) ! upµar6axo1va A. M11xav11µ6rwv nptnct V\l e:iva1 cvtaiac; cVToxiic; Kae· 6>.o ro µr']Koc; Touc; Ka1 cna­paimTa XWP{<; K6µj3ouc;.

e) Ta oupµaT6ax01va nptne:1 va 0Te:pewvovra1 navw OTO ruµnavo e:>.iKTpou OTe:pe:a, ro oe: µriKoc; Touc; va e:ivac.:rero10 wOTe: TO ruµnavo va ne:p1j36AAera1 aK6µa µe: Tp&1c; rouAcix10Tov oncipcc;, oe: ne:pimwon nAftpouc; Kai µtxp1 Tou rtpµaTOc; me; 01aopoµr;c; avamu~e:wc; rouc;. lo1alrcpa 11 e:yKaraOTaori Tou 6Kpou oupµar6axo1-vou .J.¢00 crnc; _npot3.\e:n6µeve:c; navw· OTO TUµTTOVO E:AiKTpOU e:yKa0{0&l<; (ocpr'JVWOJ'l ri e:yKOXAtWOTl) VO EiVOl rt.Ae:ta ·Kat TO oupµar6axo1vo va e:op<l4e:ra1 nave.> OTO Tuµnavo a~iaOTa. H aVTOXr\ Tou ou<JTtlµaToc; OT&p&ta­ocwc; TOU oupµaTOO)(OlVOU navw OTO ruµnavo npene:l va e:iva1 TOUAOXIOTOV 3nAciota TOU KaVOVlKOU cpopTiou.

11) H OTe:p&wOTl ayKiOTpou n6vw oe: oupµor6axo1vo npayµarono1e:ira1 µtow 4J&.hiou (Kapo16c;) Kai ayKu.hiou ti iJMwv e:101Kwv e:~apmµarwv e:yyuriµtvnc; avroxt;c;.

H· ouocp1~11 rou oupµar6axo1vou npayµaTono1e:ira1 µ& m XPriOTl e::o1Kwv ocp1yK11'Jpwv. 0) Kara mv ncp1t1'1~11 oupµaTO<JX. mivw OTO ruµnavo 01 one:ipec; nptne1 va j3pioKovrat 11 µ10 Kovra CTT\V

illn T&Tayµtvec; oµot6µo·pcpa,.. via· mv anocpuvti µ6v1µwv napaµopcpwocwv Kot xa.\apwoewv m:; n>.oKric; rou oupµaT6oXOlVOU.

c) nptne1 va oive:ra1 npoooxti oro ouv6uaoµ6 Tll<: cpopcic; n.A.oKric; i'ou oupµar6axo1vou KOi rnc; cpop6c; l1ep1e.\1~nc; rou mivw OTO t.h1KTpo (nep1t>.1~11 e:ni rou ruµnavou ap10Te:p60Tpocp11 y1a oupµar6ax. oc:~160Tpccpc Kot avriOTpocpa), wOTe 11 ne:p1t.h1~n - EKTUAl~l1 va npayµarono1eiT01 aj3iacrra Kat oµoM.

l<l} :-t CYKQTQOTQOll, 0 tA&yxoc; KQI 11 cuvrt;p11011 TC.UV oupµOTCO)(. C:KTeAe:iTOl an6 tµm:1po Kat C:~E:IOIKtU­µtvo npoowm1<6.

1~} H &m8/011 Twv oupµai:oax. nptne:1 va acpop6 Kupiwc; OTTlV aveupe:Ofl cp0opac; ti xaMpwOfl<; e:F,wrc:p1-Kwv aupµarwv, ocpC1Aµ6Tcuv ouvapµo>.ovnocwc;, axnµanoµou &Knwµancrrr'Jpoc; K.6.

1y) Anayopeue:rat 11 XPriOTl oupµaroax. 6rav oc: µr;Ko<; 1 On>.6010 me; 01aµtrpou rou o o.A.1K6c; ap18µ6c; Twv opaTwv epauoetvrwv aupµaTwv une:pf3aive1 To. 5% Tou 01'1Kou ap18µou Tc.uv oupµciTwv aurou.

lo) Ecp6oov 1C51airepec; cvoci~e:1c; (n.x. 0Koup16) ncieouv y1a mv KoKTi KaraOTaOfl rou aupµaroax .• eiva1 avayKaia 11 avnKaraOTaori rou ave~apmTa Tou ap18µou Tcuv epauoetvrwv aupµ6Twv.

le) · O>.a ra Ktvouµe:va oupµaroax .• nou xp1101µono1ouvTa1 oe ou0TI1µa nou >.e:1roupyei auvc:xwc;, nptne1 va cm0&wpouVTat 1<aSriµcp1vci. rev1Kri e:me/ on oupµaroax. nptne1 va yiverat TouMx10Tov 1 ~opci I µt1va.

!upµar6axo1va oucrrr;µaroc; µn >.c:1roupyouvroc; ntpav Tou µriv6c;, np1v enava.he1Toupyr'Joouv, un6Ke1vrm oe ye:v1Kri e:me; 011.

10T) Ta oupµaToO)(. oe:v emrptnerat va ano8nKeuovTa1 oc: xwpouc; .OTouc; onoiouc; xp11mµono1ouvrat r1 cpuMoaovrat XAwp1ouxa aAaTa r1 010>.Uµara Touc; r; ciAAa x11 µ1K6 uypa r.ou npoK<lAouv Of'\Oup16.

42'0 ' -

I

. 10) Kara TllV aVTtKaracrraOT) oupµar6axo1vwv, aura nptne:1 va 01aetrouv ra r~xv1Ka xapaf<TTlplOTtKa, nou

K00opi~OVTOI an6 TOV KOTOOKE:UOcrni. (' Ap0po 60 n .A. 1073/81). • H tvwOT) rwv oupµaroax. nptne:1 va e:ivat tVTe:xvn, npayµarono1ouµtvn Korapxriv µe: tvwOT) rwv e:µl36.A.wv rwv aKpwv oµoiwv re:µaxiwv oupµoroax. (aµµanOT) µaKpa ri 13poxe:ia). Aurri Tl tvwOT) ouve:naye:rm µe:iwOT) Tll<; ovoµacrr1Kric; 1Kav61TlTO<; av0Ar;41e:wc; qiopriou an6 ro oupµar6axo1vo Kora ro 1 / 3. (' Ap0po 61 n .A. 1073/ 81 ). • H ouvoe:on oupµor6axo1vwv 01 · opyavwv µtow aKpoouvctoµwv µnope:i va npayµarono1e:ir a1 µe: TTl XPriOTI µe:Ta>v\lKWV ne:ptKaAuµµOTWV ri KOAUKWV. (' Ap0po 62 n.A. 1073/ 81). • Taxe:ia Kat aoqia>.ric; tvwOT) oupµaroax. µe:ro~u rouc; µnope:i va npayµarono1e:irm µe: 1Tl XPriOTI e:tc51Kwv µe:raMcKwv 1<ox.A.1wrwv ouvoe:n;pwv. To µtye:0oc; rwv XPT101µonotouµe:vwv ouvoe:nipwv KOi o apt0µ6c; rouc; e:~aprarm an6 1Tl otaµe:rpo rou oupµar6axo1vou, 6nwc; qioive:ra1 orov napaKarw nivaKa. (' Ap0po 63 n .A. 1073/ 81).

Inµ.: Inc; mo navw nopayp6q>ouc; ~tOTTlPr'l011Ke 11 ap16µ110T1 (a), Ce), (11) KAn. <.:>ore va uncpxe1 OVT1oro1x(o µ& rn; nopayp6q>ouc; rou n.t.. 1073/ 81.

• I ·• Ta oupµar6axotva nptne:1 vo e:ivot cnapKo(ic; ' avToxtic;, y1a TllV aoqia>.r'J npayµaronoi110T1 Tll<; e:Kaorore: e:pyaoiac; 610TllPT1µtva KaAa Kat e:1c51K6re:pa:

!uvoe:nipe:c; !upµaroaxoivwv d oupµa-roux. EMxtoroc; ap16µ6c; .

(mm) Kox.A.1wrwv ouvoe:n;pwv / 16 3 re:µ.

16 / 20 4 reµ. 20 I 26 5 re:µ. 26 I 40 6 re:µ.

Ot KOXAlWTOi ouvoe:n;pe:c; antxouv µe:ra~u TOU<;: QTIOOTOOT) TOUAOXIOTOV iOT) npoc; TO TTAclTO<; e:v6c; ouvoe:­Tr'Jpa: ft ion rrpoc; ro 5rr.A.ao10 TTl<; doupµaroax. (e:KMye:rm n µe:ya>.ure:pn an6crraOT)).

T9 rµf}µo U Ka9e Kox.A.1wrou ouvoe:n;pa ea rono9e:re:irm Kara ro f3paxu aKpo rou oupµor6axo1vou.

(1) KaraaKcuai Ta IupµoT6oXOlVQ anOTE:AOUVTOl an6 aupµari~ta an6 xcl.\uf3a U4JflAr'lc; avroxnc; onA. ouvnewc;: 130-

160-180 kp/mm2.

ra oupµar!o10 nMKovrm Karapxac; npoc; ax11µanoµ6 rou KAwvou Km OTTJ ouvtxe:1a 01 6iacpopo1 KAwvo1 nM1<0VTa1 µe:ra~u rouc; npoc; axnµanoµ6 rou oupµar6axo1vou. H 41uxti rwv K.A.wvwv e:ivm e:ire: Kav6B1Vfl, e:irn xa>.uj301v1,. Ta aupµar6axo1va tvavn rwv a>.uoiowv napouo1asouv µ1Kp6rcpo i~to j3apoc;, 11pcµ6;·cp11 >.&1-roupyia, µcya>.un:pcc; raxuTTlT&c; cpyaaiac; KOi µcyaAuTcpri aaq>aActa.

Ta oupµaroax. 010Kpivovr0t oe: ~c~16arpocpa KOi ap1arcp6arpoq>a. Enio11c; oe: 0µ016arpoq>a KC! e:rcp6-arpocpa KOi oe: arW1va Kat yaAj3av1aµ&va (e:m41e:uoapyupwµtva).

!upµoT6Q)(OlVQ µe: TTlV iota ywvia TlAOKr'Jc; OTl<; 01aq>ope:c; oupµorocrrpwoe:tc; TWV KAWVWV KaAOUVTOl C51a­araupouµ&va e:vw, 6rav txouv ro i~10 13r'Jµa, KaAouvr0t napa>.A11Aa.

A1aoraupouµe:va oupµor. e:ivat r a Kara DIN 655, e:vw napaMn.A.a e:iv0t ra Kora DIN 656, DIN 21255, CASAR, DIEPA KATT. '

Yn0Aoy10µ6c; rou aupµar6axo1vou . r ta va e:n!At~ouµe: ro KarQA.\n.A.o oupµar6axo1vo yta µ10 oe:ooµevn e:yKar acrroOT) nptm:1 Koropxac; vo

opioouµe: TTl .A.e:yoµtVfl oµ<i~a axo1voK1vt;aewc; (13Mm: ouvflµµtvo nivoKo n7). 0 1 oµaoe:c; axo1voK1vt;oe:wc; Ko9opi~oVTm aqie:v6c; Myw TTl<; ouxv6TT1TO<; K~vnoe:wc; Kai acp · e:rtpou Myw

rou e:ioouc;: TTl<; qioprioe:wc;. rio Ka0e: oµaoa TTl<; avu41wrtKric;: µnxavric; opi~e:rm aVTicrro1xa tvac; ouvre:.A.e:crnic; aoqia>.e:iac; v = 5,5 - 9,5.

16yor-·. 1 __ D.taµc:rpoc; ruµnavou r; rpoxa>.iac; (D) Ovoµa~E:TOI OUVT&A&cmic; ncpt&Ai~ewr; 0 (\ ., (\

01aµe:Tpoc; oupµaT6axo1vou (d)

421

r M?iinfl'5i'ii>sw"Sfl·J}zdPc•.·qs1e · .s -t'J ... tTA >f"Wrh' + Zl"' ·nae 3-·t ' W ;,s,,~r -e?TCt>M"ri"C4W'=£"'•-~\.o'"V··-... -- ...-- ti?i. T <ot-•~?iifit "t,.,.,.ffl e·· J;3ftYs· ....--1• s • ee~ ........ 3 rrzcear -=;=-=n

· Ooo µeyaMn:po eiva1 TO >.. T6~o µ1Kp6rnpn eivat Tl TO.on K6µ41ewc;, µeya>..uTEPTl Tl euKaµ4-1ia Tou oupµa­TO<jX. Kai Tl 016pKe1a ~curie; . rta K68e oupµaT6oxo1vo nptne1 va eiva1 yvwor6c;; o eMx1oroc;; ouvre>..earl;c;; m:p1e­>..i~ecuc;; >.. Kat ouvem;,-<; Kai Tl e>..ax1orn nµn n1c; 01aµtrpou Tou Tuµmivou ii rnc;; Tpoxa>..iac;;.

0&ea>pf'lTIK6 cpopTlo 8pauoewc; (rl uno>..oy1or1K6) Qr np0Kume1 noAAan>..aou:i~ovTO<; TTl µera>..A1Kri otaToµri rou oupµaT6oxo1vou eni rnv oa = avToxri rou u>..1Kou Tcuv oupµ6Tcuv {130, 160, 180 kp/ mm2

).

npayµar1K6 cpoprio 9pauoewc; Ow eivm eKeivo oro ono[o npoKaAeiTat 8pal:011 Tou oupµaT6oxotvou.

AnwA&1a axo1vono1i}a&ea>c; 1 = Qr-Qw (%). Max nap9oeKT6 an6 rov mo K6Tw nivaKa: Qr

a) DIN 655 Tunoc; A Kat- B 15% 13) DIN 655 Tunoc; C 20% y) DIN 656 25% o) DIN 21255 25% e) DIN 6895 Tunoc; A I · 20% OT) DIN 6895 Tunoc; B 25% ~ oupµaT. om>..r;c; napa>..>..n>..iac; (CASAR, DIERA) 25%

A1apK&1a ~ea>t1c; Kai..eiTat o npayµar1K6c; xp6voc;; >..c:1roupyiac; (oev ouµnep!Aaµj36.vera1 o xpovoc; apyiac;;) µtxp1 rnc;; epauoc:wc; rou.

A1apK&1a XPtlO&c.>c; KaAe:iTat o ouvo>..1K6c;; npayµanK6c;; xp6voc;; >..e1roupyiac; µtxp1 TTJ<;; cup1µ6TTJrac; npoc;· anoµ6Kpuv011.

H 016pKe1a ~curie; e~apr6ra1 an6 noAAouc;; nap6.yovrec;;: an6 rnv n>..ot<r'J, ooµri, d oupµar., avTOxfl rou UAIKOU TWV oupµ6.TWV, nOlOTflTO 111<;; ur'Jrpac;, notOTTJTO TOU AtnOVTlKOU, OUVTEAC:oni nep1eAi~ecuc;, TCOl1 eq>C:A­KUOµou, oxriµa rnc; QUAOKO<; TWV TPOXaAlWV KAn . . •1

. rcv&Kci tx&1 ano~&&X9&i n&tpaµanKci 6n: a) H 016.pKe1a ~curie; e>..anoura1 µe rnv au~n011 rnc; raoecuc; eq>eAKuoµou o.

;~) H 016pKe1a ~wric; au~averc1 6rav au~6ve1 o ouvre>..c:onic; nep1e>..i~ewc; Di d y) H 016pKe1a ~curie; c:~aprarat an6 rnv Kararoµri rwv auMKwv. H 016pKe1a ~wflc; ev6c; oupµar6oxo1vou oe µ1a

. ~auAaKa runou V e>..onourat µera rnc; ywviac; TTJ<;; au>..aKoc;. ~- Inc; au>..aKec; runou VKa>..urepa anoreMoµara oioouv ra erep6oroq>a oupµor6oxo1va evw or1c; KUKAtKE<;;

.,:auAaKec; TO 0µ016µopq>Q. I o) H OlOPKElO ~curie; au~ave1 >..iyo, eav Tl avroxn TOU oupµanoiou au~naei an6 130 oe 160 kp/ mm2

. r10 nc:µairtpw QU~TlOTl Tfl<; OVTOXJi<; TOU oupµaTlOlOIJ Tl OIOpKElO ~wr'Jc; TOU oupµOTOoXOlVOU µtve1 OT06epr') Kat VlO

· 6s)>180 kp/mm2 e>..anouro1. e) H n>.oio; Kat Tl ooµri rou oupµar6xo1vou aoKouv µty10TT1 eniopa011 OTTl 016pKe1a ~wflc;, n.x. oupµar6oxo1vo om>..nc; nopa>..>..n>..iac; E:xouv µeya>..urepn 016pKt:1a ~wnc;; an6 TO illo oupµar6oxo1vo.

H an6 ro np1v yvw011 rnc; 016pKe1oc; ~wnc; ev6c;; oupµar6oxo1vou anoret.ei ouoxeptoraro np613"Anµa. Aur6 ouµj3aive1 Myw rwv noAAan>..wv Kat ruxalwv rrapay6vrwv nou une10E:pxovrat art<; >..e:1roupyiei:; r ou oupµar6-oxo1vou. navrcuc;, UOOAOy10µ6c; Tfl<;; q16pKElQ(,' ~Wri<;; eivat OUVQTOV VO yive1 µ6vo VlO µ10 OE:OOµeVfl eyKOTQOTQ-011, KOl auyKplOfl rnc; 016pKe1ac; ~wric; rwv 01aq>6pwv oupµar6ox01vwv avaq>epoµtvwv OTflV lolO c:yKar6.ora011.· . OCSriyicc; A&troupyiat;

npene1 va >..aµj36vovrat ra napaKcirw µtrpa wqre va au~naei Tl 016pKe1a ~wric; rcuv oupµar6oxo1vwv. 1) 01 au"AaKwoe1c; rwv ruµnavcuv va txouv KaµnuMrnra aKTivac; r = (0,54 I 0,56) d. 2) Na anoq>euyerat Tl rut.1~n rwv oupµar6oxo1vcuv oe noAAtc;; orpwoe:1c; enillrit.ec;;, 016n npoKC1Aeirm

µey6.Ari q>Soptl. . 3) Ot rpoxa>..iec; 01araooovrat €Tm, wore ro aupµOT6oxo1vo va Kaµme:rat 61apKwc; Kara TTJV aurr') Kareu-

9uvon. _ 4) H an6Kt.1011 rou oupµar6oxo1vou Kata TTJ 01€;\euon an6 ouo rpoxa>..iec;;, eav oev e:ivat ouvar6v v·

anoq>euxaei, nptm:1 va eivm µ1Kp6repn rou 1 / 15. 5) · O>..ec;; 01 rpoxa>..iec; va 01aetrouv npoorareur1K6 ~uy6 y1a va µnv e:Kq>euye1 TO oupµar6oxo1vo.

422

.· ~

.;,.· · --, "? #= . .•

6) Kara rriv ronoatrnOTl Kaivoupy1ou oupµar6axo1vou, nptne:1 rouro va e:KTo8ei npwra aro tcacpoc; Ka8 · 6>.o TOU TO µr')KO<; KQI KQTOntV v. apxioe:1 Tl TUAl~ll·

7) · O>.o ra oupµor6axo1va (Ko1 ro y0J\f3av1oµtvo) nptne:t vo >.mo[vovrai µe: >.inoc; (e:~oipe:011 oe: >.iyc:c; ne:p1mwoe:u;).

8) Kara mv Kaµ4111 rwv oupµar6axo1vwv yupw an6 rn; rpoxa>.ie:c;, nptne:1 va oioe:rai npoooxri ware ra e:~wre:p1Ka oupµorio10 vo µnv xa>.apwvouv .. µe: ouvtne:1a va 01e:1coue:1 11 uypaoia aro e:owre:p1K6.

!upµar6axo1va nou txouv unoare:i 0Koup1a nptne:1 va avnKaraara8ouv.

In;pCfA>OTI TWV oupµaTOCJXOIVWV H are:ptw011 rou oupµar6axo1vou µnopei va yivea Kara rouc; e:~ric; rp6nouc;: 1) 0tiK11 oupµaT6axo1vou ~in6 xa>.uf301vo t>.aoµa r; xurooionpo. H 8riKTJ e:ivat pooar~a. ro oupµar6axo1-

vo KaµnTE:TQl yupw me; KOi KOT6ntv nMKETOl µe: TO KUplO Tµr')µa, ne:ptTUAiOOOVTO<; KOl TO Mo µe: AE;nT6 oupµa ouvMoe:wc;.

Kwvuoi 0til0l oupi.tar6axo1vou - u>.1K6 xuroxciAuf3ac;. ~BMne:. ouvnµµtvo axt?10 oe: na). To oupµar6-axo1vo tAKE:TQl npoc; TO navw 010 me; 8riKTJc;, K6f3e:ra1 Tl 41uxri. KaµnTOVTQl TQ aKpa TWV oupµanoiwv npoc; Ta

µtoo KOi xuve:ra1 OTOU<; Koi>.ouc; xwpouc; Kpaµa µo>.uf3oou KQI avnµoviou. Ot ~riKe:<; aurtc; XP1l01µono1ouvTOl e:ni011c; y1a mv ouvoe:011 ayKiorpou Kai oupµaroaxoivou, e:av ro cpoprio avapTaTa1 µ6vo an6 tva KM6o.

Icpum;pcc; oupµaToaxoivwv (XuToxciAuf3ac; TO u>.1K6 Tou ocp1KTr'Jpa Kai ouvr;ewc; xciAuf3ac; 38 Kp/ mm2 TO UAIK6 TOU ~uyou Kat TOU ne:p1Kox>.iou). -

!e: 1axup6re:pa oupµar6axo1va ouv1ar6Tc1 n ronoetm011 µa>.aKou ne:pe:µf3aoµaroc; e:vr6c; Tou ocp1KT1ipa y1d va anocpe:uye:rai n cp9opa rwv oupµUT1aiwv.

Aµµan011 oupµaToaxoivwv

-: a) H µaKpci oµµan011: rive:Tat oe: µf)Koc; = 1 OOOnM010 _doupµar6axo1vou, me; onoiac; n KaraoKe:ur') cpaive:-ra1 crro ouv11µµtvo oKiroo ns.

13) Bpaxe:ia aµ.µanOT): Ecpapµ6~e:rm µ6vo oe: oupµar6axo1va Tonoee:mµtva oe: µ6v1µ0 at011. 016r1, Myw inc; 016vKw011c; nou onµ1oupye:ira1 ornv ne:p1oxn me; e:vwoe:wc;, O.e:v ouv1ararm oe: oupµar6axo1va, otaTptxovra ruµnava Kat rpoxa>.ie:c;. !e: an6ara011 SOd twc; 70dan6 Ka9e: aKpo KQTOOKe:ua~e:TOl ova tvac; one:1poe:1or;c; e:nioe:oµoc; µe >.e:m6 oupµa Kat yive:rm tvw011 Kara nap6µ010 rp6no.

0EMA «fl.» IXOINIA

a) Ixo1v1a nou xpno1µono1ouvTa1 oe: A.M. ri f3apouAKa nptne:1 va e:ivai e:v1aiac; avToxric; Ka86>.o To µr'}Koc; Touc; Kat anapaimra xwpic; K6µf3ouc;.

o) !.mv ne:pimw011 XPT'l0tµono1r;oe:wc; Katvoupy1ou axo1v1ou np1v mv Tonoatmori Tou, nptns1 va· t.aµf3a­ve:ra1 µtp1µva y1a mv an6of3e:011 rwv' ouarpocpwv (~e:auµooµa: rouro e:mTuvxave:ra1 µe: mv e:>.e:u9e:pr.i avapm-011 µe: 136poc; an6 TO 6.Mo aKpo). '

e:) Ta axotv16 nptne:1 va are:pe:wvovra1 navw aro T(iµnavo are:pe:a, TO oe: µf]Koc; rouc; va e:ivm Tbo10, ware TO Tuµnavo va ne:p1f30Me:rm aK6µa µe: 3 rou,\ax1arov·one:ipe:c;, oe: ne:pimw011 nAl']pouc; Kai µtxp1 Tou rtpµaroc; me;- 01aopoµf]c; avamu~e:wc; Touc;.

ta) H e:yKaT6ara011, o t>.£vxoc; Kat n ouvrrip11011 axo1v1wv, e:KTe:>.e:iTat an6 tµne:1po Kat e:~e:101Ke:uµtvo npoowmK6.

tar) Ta axo1v16 oe:v e:mrptne:Tat va ano8nKe:uovrm oe: xwpouc; arouc; onoiouc; xpno1µono1ouvTai Ti qiu­Moow'ITat x>.wp1ouxa ciAara r; 01a>.uµµaTa Touc; Ti ciA>.a xriµ1Ka uypa.

1~) Ta Kavv6f31va axo1v1a nptne1 va npocpuMooovrm an6 mv uypaoia, rov e:µnoT10µ6 µe: e:>.mwon r; t.ma­pf] ouoia KO.I oe: ne:pimw011 41uxouc; an6 rov naye:T6.

423

..... ~ ..

. ?

Ta ol<Anpuvatvra an6 rov nave:r6 axo1v1a np1v xpno1µon0tneouv ~av6 nptne:1 va e:naveMvxovra1. Anayope:ue:ra1 11 XPriOTl axo1v1wv an6 Kavvaf311 ri OL~a>.a ra onoia eivm e:µnonoµtva µe >.inaptc; ouoiec;. t9) Kara TllV OVTlKOTaOTOOTl oXOlVlWV nptnet TO KOlVOUPVlO VO OLa9trouv TO TE:XVlKQ XOPOKT11PlOTlKQ nou

Ka9opi~E:l 0 KOTQOKE:UOOTiJ<;. (' Ap9po 60 n .D.. 1073/ 81 ).

!riµ.: !nc; mo TTavw TTapayp<lcpouc; 610TT)pri911Ke 11 api9µ11011 (a), (6) KATT. ware va unapxe• 0VT1aro1xia µe nc; ncpaypacpouc; rou n.A. 1073/82.

e !av npwTTj UAT) VlO aj KaTOOKE:Uf] TC.UV q>UTLKWV oXOlVlWV _XPl10Lµono10UVTOl Otacpope:c; UCDavo1µec; UAE:<;, 6ncuc; 11 K6waf311, ro 01~6A KAn. 01 ivcc; TI'lc; K6vvaf3nc; 010 rnv KAc.uOTT)picuv µe:rarptnovrm oe: vJiµaTa. noMa vt'lµara ouOTpe:cp6µeva anoreA.ouv ataµcc;, noME:c; oe: Moµec; (ouvr;ecuc; 3) µe: vta ouOTpE:4JTl anore:>.ouv ro Kaw6f31vo crxotvi µe: 01aroµt1 nepinou KUKAlKJl . • Ta e:K f3paxtcuv lVWV oXOlVlQ e:ivm µ1Kp6re:pnc; avroxnc; OTTO TO anoTE:AOuµe:va an6 µaKptc; ivec;. • na va e:mruxouµe: e:MTTCa>Oll rc.uv cpeopwv rc.uv axo1v1wv an6 n c; Katp1KE:c; ouv6f]Ke:c;, ra e:µl3ami~ouµe: npwra oe: 016Auon oam.uva via rnv acpaipe:on rcuv Ainwv Kat Kar6mv, acpou ~npaveouv, oe: 8cpµii niooa. H Kare:pva­oia OUTtl napare:iv&l µe:v Tl1 ~cur'} TCUV <JXOlVlWV, E:AOTTWVE:l oµc.uc; Tl1V OVTOXtl TCUV KOTC 10% ncpinou.

Xp1101µonoi11011. Ta Kavv6f31va axo1v16 XPl'10tµono1ouvra1 via µe:racpoptc; µ1Kpwv 13dpwv Kat via anoOT6-oe:1c; µtxp1 25m. H XPl10Lµonoinati rouc; nep1opi~erm OTT)V avu4JWOT1 cpopriwv µe: anMc; KOi e>.acpptc; avu41cur1-Ktc; µnxavtc; Kat OTflV np6ooeon rwv cpopriwv OTa ayK10Tpa. I uv10Tarm o nep1001K6c; t>.evxoc; rnc; avroxric; rouc; KOi ,, EVKOIPTl QVTlKQTOOTOOTl TC.UV cp6apµtvwv.

O t>..evxoc; TTJ<; avroxric; rouc; vivera1 µe: rnv e~aprnon an· aura cpopriou µe:ya'A.urepou rou wq>tA1µou Kara 50% eri1 1 twc; 2 wpe:c;. -

Yn0Aoy10µ6c;. Ta Kavv6f31va axo1v16 Karanovouvrot oe e:cpe:AKuoµ6. Iav wcpt>.1µn otaroµl'J >.aµj3avovra1 ra 2'/3 TTJ<;. npavµanKTic; 01aroµr;c; rouc; .

. . H raon 9pauae~ 'A.aµf3avE:TQl aep = 1200 twc; 1350 Kp/ cm2 via KOtvoupyta oXOlVlQ KOl aep = 500 Kp/cm2 y1a na'A.16. O ouvre'A.e:onic; aacpa'A.eiac; 'A.aµf36ve:rm V = B. 01 runonoinµtve:c; 016µe:rpo1 e:ivat d = 13, 1s·r 1-8', 20, ... , 55, 60.mm Kat avri0To1xa ro µtyt<JTo cmTpcnoµcvo cpop1io >.e:troupyiac; 130, 200, 250, 315, ·-··

. 22ocr.1 2500 Kgs. . 01 016µerpo1 rcuv ruµnavwv ri rpoxa>..1wv nou ru'A.iyovra1 ra Kaw6f31va axo1v16, 'A.aµf3avovrm D ~10 d.

Ixo1vui ano ouv8cnKtc; uAcc; . Ir')µe:pa via µey6Aa Kupiwc; f36p11 XPTlOlµOTTOlOUVTOl axo1v1a an6 auvee:r1Ktc; u'A.ec; no'A.unponuMv10, no­

>.uaµ~ec; (Perlon - Nylon), no>.ue:OTtpwv (Dio len - Trevira) K.0. H XPl10tµonoi11on rc.uv ouvee:r1Kwv u>.wv via rriv KaraoKeur; axo1v1wv e:upuverm ouvexwc;. Toure ocpei'A.e:­

ra1 OTO n>.eoveKTiiµaTO TC.UV UAWV OUTWV tvaVTl TWV cpUTlKWV 6ncuc; 11 µeya'A.UTE:Pl1 OVTOXYi TOU<;, 11 µtKPOTE:Pl1 e:niopaon rCiJv Kotp1Kwv auv911Kwv navcu o ' aura, 11 µqa'A.urepn 01apKe1a z;cutic; Kat n euxtpe1a e:mre:u~ecuc; rnc; emeu µnnic; Ka'A.a10611oiac;.

naparnpwvrac; rouc; nivaKec; nou µac; oivouv ru; 01aµ€Tpouc; rwv axo1v1wv Kat ra avriaro1xa 6p1a 9pau­oECiJ<; f3Mnouµe:

LXOlVla OUV6ETIKQ nponu.\e:viou Ixo1v16 ouvee:nKa Ixo1v1a ouv6e:r1K6 ' no>.uaµt?Swv no>.ue:OTtpcuv

8 KAcu\la 8 KAWVQ 8 KACUVO d = 48 29,8tn 36,8tn 29.0tn

52 34.0 43.2 33.5 56 39.5 49.6 38.0 60 45.5 56.3 44.0 64 51 .4 63.8 50.0 68 58.2 70.0 57.0 72 64.6 79.9 62.0 76 71.0 87.0 69.0 80 78.0 97.3 76.0

424 .

np0Kume1 11 unepoxti TWV auv0&TIKWV OXOIVlWV oe QVTOXTl tvaVTt Tc.>V q>UTlKWV. H cAaaTtK6lTlTa enionc; i:wv nylon axo1v1wv eivm Kara noM µeya>.urepri. · Orav ra nylon axo1via eivm

uypa fi txouv 4JUX6Ei T6Te Tl OVTOXTl TOU<; µe:tWVE:Tat 10 ewe; 15%. Enionc; n avrnxn rouc; at Tptl3ti eivat Kcr6 noAu µe:yo.hurepri . · Orav ra nylon axo1v16 e:ivat uypa r;

4Juxpa, ri avroxri rouc; oe: 9pauon µe: twve:rat 1 o twc; 15%. Evw TO Kotva axo1v16 Kara0Tptcpo·1r m oe: eepµoKpaoia 300F (150°C), ra ny lon axo1v16 xavouv µtpoc; TTl<;

avroxtic; rouc; OTTlV 9epµoKpaoia auni KOi 6>..11 rouc; TTlV avroxri oe: µe:ya>.ure:pri 9e:pµoKpaoio 482F (250°C). To nylon, m:p1oo6repo an6 K69e: 6.Mo eiooc; u>..1Kou y10 axo1v16, anoppocpa Km anoe11Ke:ue1 evtpye:1a Ka­

ra rov io10 rp6no 6nwc; tva &Aa'f1ip10 •. Aun; Tl e:vtpye:1a, oe: nipimwon 9pauoe:wc;, K6ve:1 TO aKpa nou tonaoav va K1v116ouv oav 13>.r;µara Km trm eivm noM e:mKivouva. !TTlv nepimwon nou ra axo1v1a e:pya~ovrm nArioiwv ywv1wv, KUAivopwv, ~UAWV nptne:1 va e:~e:ra~ovrm µe: npoooxn µfinwc; rux6v Kot unt0TT1oav rpauµonoµ6.

Ta axo1v1ci an6 polyester. Eivm ro nMov 01aetmµa axo1v16 e101Ka oe 101aire:pec; nep1mwoe1c;. H e:AoOT1-K6T11TO rouc; e:iva1 ne:pinou 11 µtcni an· 6r1 ara nylon KOi Kara ouvtne1a 11 evtpye1a nou anoppocparat e: ivat ne:pinou 11 µ1cn;. l:!..e:v e:F,aoee:v\~ouv an6-rri xo1101Jonoirion oe: ne:p1r36.Mov uyp6 Kat a>.µup6. l:!..taTT]pouv 6>.11 TTlV avroxti rouc;, 6rav e:ivm uypO, Kat oeix·1ouv µtKPrl µe:iwori 6rav e:KTe:E)ouv e:ni µoKp6v OTOv ri>.10.

· Exouv KaAti avroxri OTTl rp1f3ri KOi oe: 01acpopa af.K6.Ato Kot o~ta (e:KT6c; OAiywv). • !uvouaoµ6c; y1a TT]V KaraoKeuri ouvee:nKwv cxo1v1wv noMwv runwv e:ivo1 ouvar6c; Kot oKon6 t xe:1 TT]V eniTEU~Tl CJXOIVIWV KQI OU~T]µtvn QVTOXfi OTTlV l010TI1TQ ncu e:m6uµouµe: KQTO ne:pimWOTl (aVTOXr'J OTTlV Tptj3r'J, 0166pwon an6 ro ne:p1j36.Mov KJ\n.).

AVToxcc; Kat q>opTia ActToupyiac; 01 nivoKe:c; µoc; oivouv y1a ra axo1v16., TT]V avroxri rouc; ouvapnioe:1 TTlc; 01aµtrpou Kat rou runou rwv. l:!..c:c3oµtvou 6n ra CJXOIVla OTTlV n'p6~11 eKTi6evrai oe 01acpopouc; napayovre:c; nou e:nnpe:a~ouv nc; 1016TT]­

rtc; i-ouc; (tK6eon oe: 016cpopec; Karanovr'Joe1c;, e:vdMaytc; K.hn.), 11 nµri avrnxric; nou µac; oivouv 01 nivaK&c; civat cv6c1KTuc.; Kai e:mruvxave:rm µ6vo µe npouno6toe:1c; 1oav1Ktc; Km 6n ra axo1vu:i oev exouv epyoo9ei oe 01cicpopa ouvaµ1Kci cpopria r') 6.A>.ec; ouoKo.\e:c; nep1mwoe1c; Karan6vnonc; nou µnopei omtKci va µriv txouv e:mip~aoe:1 ra axo1Vta aAA6 oua1aaT11Ca txouv npoKaAtac1 µciwan Ttlc; aVToxlic; Touc; ac epauan. • · Orav xprimµono1ouµe: y1a. TTlV µe:racpopa cpopriwv axo1v16 oev nptne:1 va. ra avu4-1t~vouµe: navw an6 e:pya~6-µe:vow;. Enionc; oe:v nptnet, e:vw J3pioKovrai un6 rnv e:nf}pe:1a u4-1nAr')c; Koran6vrionc;, va j3pioKerm Kovra rouc; npoacumK6.

! ·e: ne:pimwon nou unapxe:1 tOTw Kat n e:Mx10TT1 aµcp1130>.ia yta TTlV npayµanKil KOTOOTOOf1, OTTlV onoia J3pi0Kovra1 ra axo1v1a e:cp6aov ra XPl1otµono1ouµe:, nptne1 va µe:raq>tpouµ€ cpopria Kara no.hu µ1Kp6re:pa an · aura nou µnopouv va Of1Kwoouv µe KavovtKE:c; ouv6r'JKec;. • ~ev nptne1 enionc; norE: va ~exvaµe 6r1 ara cpopria nou oivouv 01 nivoKec; <Sev E:xe1 >.11cp6ei un64J11 11 au~11on nou npoKaA.e:irm OTTlV raon q>6pr1anc; rou axo1v1ou on6 Ta ~uvaµ1Ka q>opTia. · Oao mo an6roµa e:ne:ve:pye:i µe:ral3o.\ri rou cpopriou r6oo o fJuvre:>.eon;c; npooau~nonc; no>J.an.hao1a;erat Km oe op1oµE:ve:c; ne:p1mwoe:1c; cp86ve:1 TTlV r1µr'J 2 twc; 3.

Ta anore:Moµara rwv ouvaµ1Kwv cpop1iwv e:ivot mo E:vrova OTO axo1v16 µ1Kpou µr'JKouc;. Avri0e:ra efva1 .h1y6repo E:vrova OTa nylon axo1v1a nou napouoia~ouv µeya>.urc:pri e:.haOTtKOTTlTO.

An6 ra mo navw ouµnepaive:rai '6T1• 01 Ktvfja&tc; avu4Jwonc; rwv cpop1iwv npE:ne1 va c:ivat apytc;, aTa8c-p&c;- Kat ox1 an6Toµcc;. -

Em8/an Ta Katvoupy1a axo1v16 np1v xp1101µono1neouv nptne1 vo e:mee:wpneouv e:mOTaµtva, wOTe oc: neoimwon

nou napouoia~ouv K6no10 oq>6.Aµa va e:mOTpacpouv OTov npoµneeun; via avnKaraOTaon. Ta axo1v1a nou XPl10tµono1ri6nKav· Kai J3pioKovrm oe: .he:iroupyia npE:ne:1 va ~meewpouvT01 Kci9c 30 flµt­

pcc; un6 Kavov1KE:c; ouv6riKec; Kat ouxvorepa OTTlV nepimwon nou XPT10tµono1ouvr.a1 y10 0013ap6repec; e:pva· oie:c; n.x. avu4-1won e:~eopwv µe e:pya~oµE:vouc;.

H e:mee:wpnon ouviOTaTat OTTlV e~troon 0MKJ\11pou TOU µriKouc; TOU CJXOLVIOU, CKQTOOTO npoc; EKOTO­OTO, yta cp9op6, Tptl3li. OKOVl1 µe:ra~u TWV KAWVWV, onaoiµara, C:KTOnioµaTO, µe:raj3o.ht; OTO axriµo r') TOU OTpoy­yu.hou KAn.

425

I

Ecp6aov Ta cpunK6 axo1v16 txouv eKTe9e:i ae o~E:a, aaxera e6v omtK6 oev napoua16l;ouv eµcpavr; 011µe:ia npof3oMc;. nptne:l va Ti9e:vra1 e:KT6<; Aetroupyiac;.

<l>unK6 axo1v16 TO ono!a txouv cpopT109ei µe cpopTio µeyaft.urepo KaT6 50% ano ro cpoprio 0pauocwc;, ae:wpouvTat 6n txouv unoan:[ µ6v1µn napaµ6pcpwOTJ. H f3Mi311 an6 ro cpopTio auT6 µnope:i va Ka9op1arei e.;eraz;ovrac; nc; eawrep1Ktc; ivec;.

!e: µ1Kpflc; 01aµtTpou O)(OlVlO (twc; 3 / 4 .. OTlA. 19mm), Tl cp9op6 me; e:mcpave1ac; nou npoooeunK6 ni~nata­l;e:1 OTO KEVTPO µnope[ va npo.;e:vr;oe1 µe:iwOT) KOTO 80% me; av1oxric; TOU O)(OlVIOU.

Eciv e~e:Taoouµe: oe:iyµara an6 ro axotvi, µnopouµe Ka1a npootyy1011 va ouµnepcivouµe y1a mv avroxri TOU un6AOtnOU.

Ta ouv9er1K6 axo1v16 noA.A.tc; cpoptc; Myw n:ic; avamuoo6µe:v11c; an6 mv rp1f3ri 9e:pµ6mTac; Aetwvouv emcpave1aK6 Km ax11µariz;era1 tva «Mpµa». Aur6 eiva1 µ1a tvoe:1~11 unof31f3aaµou me; avroxric; rou.

!e µep1K6 axo1v1Q, nou xpnoiµono1ouvrat y1a mv KaraoKeur; TOuc; e:mcpave10K6 016cpopwv e1owv vl')µara ouveer1K6, napoum~ouv Kara rnv Tptf3ri µe nc; rpoxaf.iec; K6no10 «xvouot» To onoio emopa euvoiK6 y10 mv nepa1Ttpw µetWOT'I TTl<; cpe,op6<; ·rcuV oXOlVIWV.

I .

Xpr1ori KOT6 TO ouvar6v TQ O)(OlVIO oev nptm:t VO oupOVTOl f3iata OlOTl npOKaA€iTat cpeopa TWV e~WTEPlKWV

emcpave1wv Touc;. E6v e16e:f.eouv µtoa OTouc; KAwvouc; Tou oxo1v1ou aKaeapoiec; Kat 6µµoc; e~mTiac; rnc; Tptf3r'Jc; Touro ea q>0apei noAu ypr'wopa. npE:ne:t va npootxouµe: Kara m xp1101~1onoin011 Twv axo1v1wv va µ11v ax11µaTil;ovT0t K6µ'301 Kat µncpotµaTa. Aur6 emru¥Xave:Tat µe: ro npooeKTtK6 Kat cwOT6 ~eruA1yµa ri Tuf.1yµ6 TWV.

rta va µnv txouµe: unepj30AlKi) KOTOTTOVTlOTJ TWV O)(OlVIWV an6 KOµl.IJn, nptne1 va XP'lOlµOTTOlOUµe: Tliµna­va _ ~al TPOXaAie<; KQTaAAr')AWV 01aµtrpwv. npooeyytOTlKQ OE:X6µaOT& 0 ~ 10 dO)(OIVlOU. (avacptp6TlKE: KOi mo ncivw).

Kara mv av6prn011 cpopriwv nou txouv o~eiec; aKµtc; nptm:t va XPT'latµono1ouvrm e:101K6 µ~tAap&a npoc; aTrOCpuyl'J Tpauµanoµou TWV O)(OlVlWV. • · :30nv Stl.ouµe va auvCStoouµc axo1v1ci, np&net va npof3aivouµe ornv tvwol') ToU<; µe: KaTClMTlATl nM.;n Kat OXf µe K6µj3o. Mta KaAf) OUVOE:OTI txe:1 aVTOXl'J 10.0% me; OVTOXfJ<; TOU µOVOKOµOTOU O)(OlVIOU, E:VW µe mv xPiiOTl Koµ'3ou txouµe µeiwon KaTa 50%)) • --H XPriOTJ O)(OlVIWV ElOlKO uypwv ri µe µe:TaAAlKO OTOIXE:ia n>.11oiov llAE:KTptKWV ypaµµwv elVOl OKpwc; enudv­OUVfl. • fa axo1v16 nou txouv f3paxei nptm:t ro raxurepov va ra OTeyvwvouµe, aAJ\1wc; xovouv mv avroxr'\ rouc; ypt;yopa. AK6µa yp11yop6repa cp9e:ipovrm ra axo1v16 nou evaAJ\6~ Ka6iaravrm uypci Kat areyv6..

r1a va OTeyvwaouµe ra f3pe:yµE:va axo1v16 nptne1 va ra ronoeen;oouµe oe areyvtc; 9E:oe1c; twc; 6r ou ~11pav86uv.

Ttft.oc; em011µaivera1 6n ra uyp6 . axo1v16 oev e:mrptne1rm va 4Juxeouv.

Ano0tiK&UCJll 0 xwpoc; ano6r'\Keuonc; Twv vxo1v1wv npt ne:t va eivm Ka6ap6c; Kat anaMayµtvoc; an6 Kanvouc;, eepµo­

Kpaoia Ul.IJT'IAri, uypaoia, xnµ1K6 uypQ., EKSe011 OTOV tiAlO KAn. nptnei va ronoee:rouvrm ra ~01v1a oe ~11p6 xwpo nou aepiz;e:rm Kavov1K6 Kat c:>.c:ueepa. Ae:v np&ne:1

6µwc; o atpac; va eivm re>.eiwc; .;np6c;. . Ta µ1Kp6repou µr'lKouc; axo1v1a µnopouµe va ra Kpeµaµe: evw ra µe:yoAurepou µt;Kouc; va TO ronoee:rou­

µe en6vw oe KUyKAtowµara ware va unapxet' ouvaromra ae:ptoµou TOU<;. Ta axov16 oev nptne1 va ano6nKeuovrm 6nwc; e:inaµe mo navw ae xwpouc; 6nou unapxouv o~ta r'\ arµoi

OTTO O~ea Ol6Tl ypr'lyopa ea UnOOTOUV µeiWOTl me; OVTOXT'}<; rl eµcpOVlOTl OKOUpc..>V KOq>C rt µaupc.>V OTtyµciTWV emivw OTa· axo1v16..

Ta axo1v1a oev nptne1 va ano8nKe:uovTm napa µ6vo acpou txouv Kaeap1orei. i:xo1v1a ft.epwµE:va µnope:i va avapmeo.uv (ruJ\1yµtva oe ~p6vxouc;) an6 paf3oo r; ooK6 Kat va ~e:n>.uaouv µe vep6 y1a va cpuye1 11 oK6vQ KJ\n. H nieon rou vepou oe:v nptne1 va e:ivm noft.u µey6Ari, 016r1 ea f30118rioe1 ornv e:1axwpn011 me;; oK6vnc; KAn., µtoo OTt<; ivec; Twv KAwvwv.

426

MiTa ro nM01µ0, ra axo1v16 npene:1 va OTe:yvwoouv Kat OTTJ ouvtxe:1a, acpou Ta nva~ouµe: y1a va cpuye:1 Kat 11 un6>.01rni 0K6v11, va Ta ano611Ke:uoouµe:.

«Ixo1vui» cii\i\wv Tunwv !rn; riµtpe:c; µac; µe:ya>.11 e:~an>.wan txe:1 11 xp1101µonoi11011 oaµnav1wv an6 n0Au&OT&p1Kouc; 1µcivn:c;. nAeovt1miµci Touc; 6n e:iva1 e:>.acpp6. e:uKaµma, npaKnK6, oocpa>.r; OTl1 xprio11 xwpic; va n>.11ywvouv ro

cpoprio ri ro xtp1a, /Se: oani~ouv KOi avTtxouv OTa x11µ1K6 KOi OTO o~ta. KaTaoKe:ua~ovrai an6 1µ<ivTa n>.arnuc; 25 - 250 mm Kat y1a cpopria µtxp1 200 tn. nptne:1 va Te:OT6povr01 Kai va cptpouv e:T1Ktna µe: TO aocp.C1J\tc; cpoprio nou µnopouv va <J11KWoouv KOi ra

AOtn6 XOPOKTTlPIOTlKQ rnuc;. Mnopouv va xp1101µono1116ouv y1a T11V cp6pTwan o6KKcuv (To1µtvra, >.maoµora KAn), y1a T!lV µe:racpopa

~UAE:iac; KOi pOAWV XOPTOU, y1a µe:racpopa OKOcpWV KOi KOTtpcuv, y1a T11V 15lOKiVl1<J11 OWAr;VWV KOi J3aptwv KOTQ­OKEUWV Ki\n. e:ni011c; OTa µ~oa µe:racpopac; y1a Tl1 OUYKPOTl1011 cpopriwv. • !To e:µn6p10 e:ni011c; KUKAocpopouv KOi l516cpopa e:~opTr;µara, 6yK1arpa, Kf.e:11S16, o0voe:oµo1 KAn, nMov Ka­r aM11>.a y1a rouc; 1µavre:c; aurouc;, wOTe: va µ11v rpauµari~ovrm KOi 11 >.e:1rnupyia rouc; va dvOI nMov aoq>a­Ar;c;. • . Onwc; KOi y1a TQ O)(OIVlQ nptne:1 va >.aµl36ve:TOI un04Jl1 y1a TO aaq>aAtc; q>OpTio i\&tToupyiac; TWV lµOVTWV 11 e:mnp606e:T11 Karan6v11011 an6 i5uvaµ1Kci <popTia KAn. • Eni011c; oe:v nptne:t va ~e:xvaµe: 6n 11 r6011 K66e: oKt>.ouc; av6PT11011c; µe:ral36Me:T01 auvapnia&1 Tllc; ywviac; TWV OK&Awv QVQPT110Tlc;. .

ncp1aa6T&po i\&moµcpcic; ni\11pocpopicc; y1a Ttc; ncp1rrrwacu; nou µa~ $Vo1acptpouv oii50VTa1 oTa i51aq>opa prospectuSKQTQOKE:UOOTWV TtTOlWV 1µ6vrwv.

0EMA «E» ArKPIITPA - IAMnANIA '

H OVOPTllOTI TWV Ktf3c.>Tic..>V, TWV KOiSWV KOi TWV AOtnWV e:~apT11µ0TWV QVU4JWOE:W<; navw OTO ciyKIOi'PO, eKTe:i\e:irat µe: T!lV nptnouoa e:mµe>.e:ta, trot WOTE: 11 OVTiOTOlXl'l f.al3ri VO e:<papµ6~C:Tal KaAO µeoa OTO 6yK10Tpo.

Ta oaµn6v1a nou xp11mµono1ouvra1 y1a T11V avu4JWOl1 uf.tKwv µe:y6Awv i51aOT6oe:wv e:ivm KaraoKe:uaoµtva an6 O)(OlVi, ri oupµaTOO)(OlVO. Ta OTOlXE:ia TOU xp1101µon0touµe:vou oaµnaviou (UAlKO, 016µe:rpoc;, µftKoc;) e:­(apTWVTOl an6 T!lV E:KOOTOTe: e:pyaoia (136poc;, OlOOTOOe:tc; KO! 6Ma OTOlXE:ia TOU npoc; 0VU4JWOl1 OVTlKetµE:vou). ncp1f30AJi TWV npoc; Ql/U4JWOl1 avr1Ke:1µtvwv ane:u6e:iac; µe: TO O)(OlVi ri oupµaTOO)(OlVO aVU4JWOe:wc; anayope:u­&TOL Ta oaµn6v1a cmecwpouVTat we; npoc; T!lV Karill11f.6T11Ta KOi T!lV KoAri rouc; Kar60Taan np1v an6 K66e: xp1101µonoi110Ti rouc;.

Ta oaµnciv1a nou xp11mµonotouvrm Kci6e: cpopa y1a T!lV avU4JWOl1 ui\tKwv - avnKe:tµtvwv, nptne:1 e:ni011c; va txouv µfJKoc; e:napKtc; KOi 11 ywvia nou ax11µarise:rm OTTJV Kopucpri rwv {napa To ciyK10Tpo avu4Jwoe:wc;). va e:ivm O~e:ia, y1a Tl1 µe:iWO!l TI];; KClTOn6v11<JTic; TWV. (' Ap6po '59 n .tl. 1073/ 81).

a) Ta ooµnciv1a npene:1 va e:ivm e:napKouc; avToxnc; Kat va µrw t xouv K6µ13ouc;. y) H np6oi5e:011 Tou ayK(OTpou OTO cxo1vi yive:ra1 µe: e:1l51K6 K6µ13o nou anoK>.e: ie:rm 11 XoA6pwo11 T11<;

avapTr;oe:wc;. OT) Ta xp1101µono1ouµe:va 6yKtarpa nptne:1 va e:ivai Tunou aoq>ai\&iac;, i511A. µe: l51cira~ri ovaOTo>.r;c; ru­

xaiac; anayKiOTpw011c; Tou e:~apT11µ8vou an ' aura cpopriou. ~) OTtc; ne:p1mwoe:u; nou TO oupµar6axo1va. avu4)woe:wc; iSe:v e:iva1 aouarpocpa, ana1re:iT0t ri XPriO!l ayKi­

OTpou .. µe: OUOT!lµO e:~ouoe:rtpw011c; TWV OTPO~WV {o:rpe:rm;pe:c;). 10) O tAcyxoc; Kat 11 ouvnip11011 rwv oaµnov1wv KOi ayKiOTpwv e:KTe:>.e:irm an6 tµne:1po Km e:~e:101Ke:uµtvo

npoowmK6. . IOT) nptne:t VO OiOETOI µe:yOAl'l TTpOOOXri OTO XWPO ano9i)K&UOTI«; TWV OOµTTOVIWV OTO VO µriv UnOpXOUV

x>.wp1ouxa 6Aara ri omMµar6 rouc; ii 6Ma xriµ1K6 u>.1K6 nou npoKa}.ouv 0Koup16. 1ri) Anayope:ue:Tm 11 XPiiO!l ayKiOTpou nou txe:1 unoOTe:i e:mµriKuv011. µe:raoKe:ur; r; e:moKe:ur; µe: cuy1<6>.­

>-11an. (' Ap6po 60 n.tl. 1073/ 81).

!riµ.: lltarnpr1011Kt Tl api9µrion 0T1c; napa'{pciqiouc; (a), (y) KAn. y1a va unapxe1 avnaT01xia npoc; niv api6µ110T1 rou n .ti. 1073/ 81.

427

. i

. ! ··1 ~

.i ,. i

I -:

l I i

----- . ... -·- - ----.. - .... _ -·- .... ---·-·- ~--- . ·- - ----- ---· -· --- - t ......

• Ta (3apri oev npoootvovTat am:ueeiac; OTO Ka>-.wo1a Ti one; a.\uoioec;. aMa e:~opTwvra1 ar:6 ciyK10Tpo y1a Myouc; e:uKo>-.iac; Kat oocpa>-.eioc;.

r10 VO ZKnAT]pei TO OVKlOTPO TOV npoop10µ6 TOU, nptne:1 va txe:1 Tl<; e:~t')c; 1~16mre:c;:

a) Na µriv e:ivo1 oure: noM f3opu, via va To xe:1pi~e:ra1 e:uKoA.a o e:pyamc;. oMa oure: no>.u e:>.ocppu, ym va µriv anoµ0Kpuve:1a1 an6 TTJ'' KoraK6pucpo. Eav TO (36poc; oe:v e:ivm 1Kav6 va KpaT6e:1 TevTwµtvo To oupµoT6-axo1vo ::~n6 mv- K68ooo xwpic; cpopTio. npoOTi8e:Tat TO av6.'Aoyo f36poc;.

13} Na µnope:i va aTptcpe:To1 yupw an6 Tov a~ova · Tou, y10 mv euKOAl'J Tonoetmori rou f3p6xou, µe: To onoio npooot ve;Tm ro (36poc; (or pe:mt'Jpec;). - •· .....

y) Na txe:1 KaTOMT].\o 6vo1yµo y1a rriv Tonoetmori Tou (3p6xou. '"'? ria va eiva1 KIVT]T6 To 6yK10Tpo r.apzµ(3ille:Tat ouvf]8wc; µe:ra~u f36pouc; Kat ayKiOTpou re:µax10 a>-.uoioac;

µftKouc; 0,5 twc; 1 m. . • ·Eva 6yKtOTpo µnope:i va eiva1 an>-.6 ~ omM.

To uAtK6 Twv ayKiOTpwv e:iv~L oKArip6c; oq>upf]Aaroc; xaAuf3oc; opi0T11c; not6TT1Toc; St.c25.61 . Xprio1µ0-no1ouvrat y1a cpopria µtxp1c; 100 tn. ,

To 6Kpo rou 0:voiyµaToc; y1a l6youc; npaKT1Kouc; txe:1 KepaTOetor1 µopcpf]. Ev_iore nave.> an6 ro 6vo1yµa unapxe:1 Ke:paToe:1of]c; .npoe:~oxfi nou eµnoCSi~e1 TTlV anayKiorpwori rou oup- ·

µOT6ox:o1vou Ti me; a>.uoioac;. n1vav6v va unapxe:1 .illri 016ra~ri avaoTOAr;c; Tuxaiac; anayKiOTpwonc; (Aaµ6Kt µe ..£Aarf]p10). Ta QyKIOTPO aura AtyovTat ayK10Tpa aoq>aA&iac;.

Eav TO OVKIOTPO eivat omM. nptne:1 TO (36poc; va avapTOTQI KQl an6 TQ CSuo OKtAn.

• To ort>.exoc; rou ayK[OTpou KaTanove:irat oe ecpe:AKuoµ6 e:v6> TO 6vo1yµa rou oe K6µ4Jf1. H emKivouvn CS1aroµ1i y1a TO ayK1orpoe1<'5tc; rµT')µa eiva1 Tl op~6vna. Qc; eni"ro nAe;iorov T] 61aroµT') Tou

ayKiorpou txe1 ox:T'Jµa rpone~oe16tc; µe orpoyyu>.e:µtve:c; ywvie:c; via TTlV anocpuvn me; cp8opac; on6 ro ·oupµo­r6ox:o1va.

To 6yK1orpo Kol-a>.nve1 oro navw rµf]µa rou oe onei~wµa Kot µtocu aurou ouve5te:ra1 µera rou re:.\e;u­raiou KpiKou me; a>.uoioac;. O n:AeuToioc; KpiKoc; me; a>.uoioac; unoAoyi~e:Tat oov KOtv6c; KpiKoc; .

· :. ~- · Iuµq>wva µe ro DIN 687 txouv runonoineei_' ra ayKiorpa (anM Kat e5mM). · nivoKec; µac; oivouv ouvopn;oet rou cpopTiou nc; 61aoraoeu; Tou anatTouµevou ayKiorpou.

• • Orov To cpopTia eivat noM µeya>.a, T6Te xprio1µono1ouvrat ayKtorpa -KAetora µep1Ktc; cpoptc; oe Kai ayKt­orpa e:K noManAwv cpuAwv.

~· • K68e ayKtorpo Ti aaKTuA1oc; nou napoud1o~e1 evoei~1c; unepcp6pTCt.lOTJ<;, ti µeiCt.lOT], Myw cp8opac; me; Kpim­µ11c; OIQTOµr)c; TOU KClTO 20%, Ti eµcpavion pwyµwv r; aoetwv KOIAOTT]TWV, nptne:1 VO onoµoKpUVE:TOl KOi VO r ieero1 e:KT6c; \&1Toupyiac;. . . . .

. · Iaµn<ivta

T 0 q>OpTiO rrptnet va npoootveTOI OTO ayKtOTpO µe Tf1 j3of]8eta oaµnavtwv '1 aMCt.lV nopaoeoeyµtvwv auoi:riµarwv Kai 6x1 va xpno1µono:eirat TO oupµar6ox:o1vo EA~ewc;.

Ta oupµaT6oXotva Twv oaµnov1wv npe:net vo eivat iata Kat onoMayµtva on6 K6µj3ouc; Kat ouorpocptc;. e np1v on6 Ka9e µE:TOKlVT]OT] yepavoytcpupac; OTT}V onoia (3piOKOVTOl OVl1PTT1Pi:VO oaµnOVlO an6 oupµaT6-oXOIVQ Ti a>.uoioec;, xwpic; vo npooMvouv Kovtvo cpopTio, .eml3illera1 ra K6rw e;\eueepa 6Kpo rwv vo npoooe-eouv OTO GVKIOTPO I'] OTO OQKTUhlO (KpiKO). • 6>-e Ot oaµnavtOTE<; nptne1 VO txouv neipa Kat YO txouv EKnOIOE:UT&l oX&TlKQ y10 TOV aocpaAri Tp6no epyaoiac; oe K69e nepimwori.

AnopoimTo eivat vo yvwpi~ouv TO Ka01&p<a>µi:va cniµara npoc; Tov xc1p1cmi Tou yepavou wore vo ono­KAeie1m Tl ne:pimwor(np6KAT1oric; aTuxfiµaroc; an6 >..aeoc; oT')µa. (BAtne ouvriµµtvao nivoKo ti.3). · Ooo n ywvio np6oC5eoric; eivat µ1Kp6Tepn T6oov au~ave:Tat Tl TOOT] cira oKtAri Tcuv oc.µnav1wv Kat ono1reiT01 Tl 101aire:pri

. npoooxti Twv oaµnavtOTwv oro oriµeio auT6. Iuvr;awc; TO oaµn6vta KaraoKeua~ovTat an6 oupµar6ox:otva Tunou 6X19 Kat 6X37.,

· • Orav XPnatµonotouvTat omM r; noManM oaµnav1a y10 mv µeracpopa ul\1Kwv, To avwn:pa 6Kpa Tc.>v aaµ1:'av1wv nptne1 vo e:ivat ouvoeoe:µtva µc napcµl3oM ~voe; <SaKru>.iou KOi va µriv ouvotovrat xwp10T6 oTo

428

.. /

~ .

I

I

1_ _ - -. t , ....

! . i i

j I ·1

.l l ~ I

. \ l I .,

. I I

I !

6yK10Tpo avu4.1wonc;. H 01cira~11 aun) oe:v e: ivat avciVKl"l va e:qiapµ6~e:Tat, 6rav TO o..\1K6 qiopTio nou np6Ke:tTOI va µe:raq>e:pe:0e:i e:ivm µ1Kp6rnpo an6 TO µ106 rou e:mTpe:r(6µe:vou wqit..\1µou qiopr iou rou ayKioTpou.

Kavi:va oaµnciv1 oe:v nptne:1 va tpxe:Tm o · enaqiri pe: nc; o~e:ie:c; ywvie:c; Twv qiopTiwv. Ta oaµnciv1a avci..\oya µe: TO q>oprio nou µe:raqitpe:ra1 µnope:i va txouv <S1cupope:c; µopcpi:c; n.x. y1a ~apt­

>.10 e:voe:iKvuvrm a..\uoioe:c; µe: «ycioe:c;» y1a avcipTf'10f'1, y1a no..\M cpuMa ..\aµapivac; omAci oaµnciv1a a..\uoiowv µe: ycioe:c; K..\n. (~Mne: ouvnµµtvo axto10 64).

I· 6>.e:c; rn; ne:pmTwoe:u; aurtc; nptm:1 va npootxouµe: ra onµe: ia avcipTf'10T1<; rou u>.1Kou KOi e:101K6 ro vo µrw uncipxe:1 Kivouvoc; vo ntm:1 ro u..\1K6. ~ • ....

~

. -: -··· ·- - - -· - . ·-

:

0

-. .. '. ) ,_.

- , - -. - ·- ·- -----------"·7--·-·----~-------- -------- -- - -... --- ____ ... .---~-....... ~~-------. :a:: ....

-. - .

~-- -··-- ----- ---- --- -- --··

429

·--·. - - ·· .. .. _. ___ .,:._ .. - . ... . ·.··.: · ····. .. . . ·- - ... .

""' (,) 0

v n OIJIH<t>IOI

1. Hf\EKTPOKINHTEI rEPANOrE<t>YPEI

TEXNITEI nEIPAI

AllEIOYXOI Hf\EKTPOTEXNITEI 01\0N TUN EIAIKOTHTQN

2 MHXANHMATA ANAf'PO<t>HIHI KAI META<t>OPAI AHMHTPIAKQN

TEXNITEI nEIPAI

nTYXIOYXOI KATQTEPQN TEXNIKQN IXOl\ON EllllKOTHTAI Hf\EKTPOl\Of"OY

nTYXIOYXOI MEION TEXNIKQN IXOl\ON • EIAIKOTHTAI HAEKTPOl\Of'OY

.. ~-.,

XEIPIITEI Hf\EKTPOKINHTQN AYIJIQTIKQN MHXANHMATQN (X.H.A.M.) nAHN ANEl\KYITHPQN KAI Hf\EKTPOKINHTQ~ MH~NHt.AATQN EKTEAEIH TEXNITQN EPrQN

nPO·Y·nt-:PELIA - Hf\IKIA IE XPONIA

4 xp6v1a npounru>caia oav X.H.A.M.

4 xp6vio npounripcola 0£ rJA&KTPIKC<; &yK/OCl<; KOi 1 xp6vo oov X.H.A.M.

6 µt')v&c; npounnpeota aav X.HA.M.

J xp6voc; npounnpcola ac r&To1ou . eloouc; µ11xaviJµara

6 µt')vcc; npounnpeoio oc T&To1ou eloouc; µ11xav()µoro

2 µ()vcc; npoun11pcola oc Ttro1ou cloouc; µ11xov()µara

3. MHXANHMATA EYnHPETHIHI AEKANQN TH~EQI AAOYMINAI

TEXNITEI nEIPAI AllEIOYXOI X.HAM. 2 µ()vec; npounripcolo a& TCT01ou cloouc; µ11xov()µ0To

OAHrOI ANEAKYITHPQN

xwpic; npoun11p&olo µc c~&Taac1c;

MA0HTEYOMENOI Hf\EKTPOTEXNITEI A' EIAIKOTHTAI

xwpic; &~TOO&l<; KOi ji&jialwon epyoMTll 6n XPl101µono10UVTOI O& E:VKOTQ<JTQO&l<; ave.\Kumi)pc"v

AlnAOMATOYXOI ANOTATQN TEXNIKON IXOf\QN AAl\HI EIAIKOTHTAI Ano TOY MHXAN. - HAEKT. - NAYnHroY

AAEIA I nPo·v ·nHPEIIA - HAIKIA IE XPONIA

lilt; KATHroPIAI A' EIAIK. 15KW

111c; KATHrOPIAI r · EIAIK. 75KW l11KOIOUVTQI OUTOO(KOIQ Tl<; 66&t&c; aurtc;

I . nTYXIOYXOI ANQTEPON TEXNIKQN IXOAQN EIAIKOTHTAI HAEKTPOAOroY

21

21

-

21

21

21

21

'

16

16

AllEIA A. T ~HI I 4 xp6v1a npoun11pcaia µ&Tel TO muxlo: 0 1 xp6voc; O& £VKOTQ<JTOO&l<; Tcla&c..>c; no-Ve.> TWV 1000 V, r Kat IT' &161K6T11Tac;.

<l>1

AIKAIOf\OrHTIKA

LAIT11on (XapT. 10 6px.+Mrix. 0,6 6px.). 2. n1mono111nK6 Inouoov, • A6£1a. 3. niaTOnOll1TlK6 npoun11pcoiac; 0&c..>p1lµtvo

y1a TllV OKpijic1a TOU n&pl&XOµtvou an6 TOV En6rrrri Epyaolac;.

4. Bcjialwon µ6v1µ11c; Karo1Kiac; (Yn. M>.won TOU N.a 105/69).

5. lluo np6aq>aTcc; cpc..>Toypoq>iec;. 6. nop6jio>.o on6 To l111µ6aio Taµclo 6 6px. 7. XapT6onµo 150 6?X·

IXETIKH NOM00EIIA:

B.a 7 louv./31 louA. 1946 B.ll. 99211966 - n .ll. 349/ 1977 ..

lllKAIO/\OrHTIKA

- AITllon (XopT. 10 6px.+M11x. 0,6 6px.). - -B&lialwon µ6v1µ11c; KOTOIKiac; (Yn. llt').\won

TOU N.ti .. 105/69). - tiuo np6<KP<If&c; cpwroypaq>icc;. - XapT6011µ0 150 6px.

I~ETIKH NOM00EIIA:

N. 6422/34 B.ll. 14/ 25.10.1937

YnojiQAAOVTOl TO l11KOlOAOV1lTIKQ nou avaq>t-poVTOl <JTl1 ~&A!OO 7.

IXET. NOMOSEllA: B.ti. 699171

•;·f\ • . , ·•:--.. ~ '.,,. ~ •.i; ... . ·i :' ' ·~ •;"t ; i. ;· • "

~ -

·~ _:?. :~ ~ ...

~: f

I' "

(' :

~~~~.; ~.~ •, I.:

i( ' ""·

;. ~·.· .· ·. r~

!' . .... \ . . ~ - . i

~i;: '~: k. :".'· ·( ~: . ~ - -~ :~. <; f •

·~~~ ~·~ l;

~ l/

"'··

,, l , 1

l• ·.~ ~~L

......

. '\.

I " ··1

t;-: • ;

i~- .; ·,· ' ~·

~:;~t ... ' .~ '.'.."~ ··-.~ ~

. -

OMAI

I

II

111

IV

v

I

METABO/\H TOY <l>OPT. /\EITOYPr. n 6

nlNA::'. KATANOMHl: TQN OMAJ1QN n - TQN ANY\llQT. MHXANHMATQN 7

Iuxv6Tt')<; KiVtl<JTl<; Ei~o<; cp6pT&ot')<;

~&aK&Koµµtvt') ,

TUXOlQ

0 Aiyov auxvti Mcp1Ka cpopTia . .

I"uxvti Mcp1Ka cpopTia 0 Aiyov auxvti Mty10Ta cp.

Iuxvli MtytOTO q>OpTiO

Iuxvti J\caToupyia McTaAAou py&Ktl

431

KwvtKil 0rtK11 aupµaToaxoivou

I •

l ' ! I

AMMATIIH l:YPMATOIXOINOY

§\SSSSSSSSS'SS\SSI 1

432

... -------=·e -----f

\

' '

n 8

\ '. '

n 9

A

~ (,) (...)

:EHMATA AEBA~OPOY n1N. ~3

]. ANYlf'OtH ·

Bpaxf(l)y KataK6pucpa K£Kaµ~tv~ •. • Mt fOY athctq ton XEptofi 1tp~ ttl JtQV(l) CJXt1Jlad~OUf1£ ptKpOU~ 6pt,6vno~ K6dot>c;.

2. KATABIBA.I:H

To xtpt µac; npcX; tel Kclt(I).

Mt tOV OdKtfl tOU XEplOfi Jt~ ta Kclt(l) CJX11f1«tl~OUf1£ f111Cp0~ opt~6vnouc; KUKA.ouc;.

3.tTAI:H

To xtpt <Jt l>~1~6vtta Otat) bctclaE:m~. 'H na>..aµ11 npo; tt'l KcJt(l). • AKf v11toc;. ·

, .. ,

.....

4. tTAtH KINAYNOY

To xtpt at 6pt~6vna 9fo11 h :taa£Ci>c;.

'H nalaµ11 np6c; ta Katro. Kavouµe ypl\yopec; Ktvi}a£~ ton xtpton µ~ ot~•~ - ap1aupa.

.5. KINHtH cJ)OPEIOY

Bpax(rov K£Kaµµtvoc;, 'iJ na>..aµq x>..uatft np6c; ta nuv.ro.

Kt.vouµt to xtpt µac; oE:ixvovtac; µt tOV avdxt1pa ti}V xaui>Ouva11 noo 0£1..ouµt va K\Vl}OEi.

6. KINHtH fEPANOrEcl>YP~

Mt to xtp1 ntuµµfvo np6c; tt'l tµnp6c; Ka( l(yo a11Kroµtvo Kavouµ& Kl vftattc; np6c; tf)v 1Catci>Ouva11 no6 Otloupt va "' v110d.

..

" . . ~.

~/ ~-... •) " ,· • I ' . ·, 1 a ;1 - ;

• ' 1 l ·' . ii •

~ . "·!

~ ~- ~

(:~ ' !,'

!_; ·. :'._ .: . I .: ... -. .1

• . j 1

' ,f ~ t f ~ , f& -~ . I .• · 1 ·;~: : ·.1 · :1 •

· ... ; i ·:· ·1 :'· .. ··,

.: ' ' , l

~- ··.1 ,.. I .; t . -. ~ '

.:. ,· ;

f t;: . t.) ··:~,:

... l.-. ·:~ ~1 · ;:·:;.·f·1 . '

•™-EiT:. -acz-" d\1 o5'TC '!P~ ..

1 l

I:

... :.., .. :· .