Introducción.
Este libro está diseñado para ayudar a los aprendices, que han estudiado el hiragana y
katakana, a aprender la gramática fundamental en poco tiempo. Las explicaciones están
simplificadas para que los autodidactas puedan aprender fácilmente.
El libro cubre la gramática necesaria para aprobar el JLPT N5, pero recomiendo usarlo en
conjunto con otro libro para alcanzar un nivel práctico.
El propósito de este libro también es ayudar a aprender la gramática en un corto período de
tiempo y luego utilizarla inmediatamente en la práctica.
Al final de este libro, casi habrás dominado la gramática de las conversaciones simples. Puedes
terminarlo en un o dos meses ya que el volumen es adecuado para estudiar cada día. La
aplicación gratuita de aprendizaje de japonés "Coban" para iPhone también puede ser usada en
conjunto con este libro para aprender más eficientemente.
Gramática Japonesa : Coban para aprender japonés
Gratis https://apps.apple.com/es/app/japanese-grammar-coban/id1506009508
Esta es una aplicación para estudiar una combinación de gramática básica, vocabulario, pronunciación y
kanji usando diferentes ejercicios y técnicas.
Los archivos de audio están disponibles para todos los materiales (ejercicios, palabras, etc.) para que puedas
aprender la pronunciación correcta.También te familiarizarás con las más de 800 palabras necesarias para
aprobar el JLPT N5.
Los temas gramaticales cubren tanto los conceptos básicos como los más avanzados.
Tus esfuerzos se registran en tu página de perfil para motivarte a aprender cada vez más japonés.

, que expresa la causa y la razón, se coloca al final de la oración subordinada para la
explicación.
es una expresión para indicar que una persona realiza dos acciones simultáneamente.
Es equivalente a “mientras” en español.
Forma cortés / Forma coloquiar + + consecuencia
Radical + • Mientras
Estudio mucho porque tengo exámenes la semana que viene.
Como estamos en verano, hace mucho calor.
Se emplea , o para preguntar el porqué. es más literal que los
otros. es bastante coloquial. Es mejor añadir a la forma corta.
•
• ¿Por qué no tiene tiempo? – Porque tengo exámenes esta semana.
•

•
- Nota -
Siempre estudio japonés mientras escucho música.
Todas las mañanas mi padre lee el periódico mientras toma un café.
No se debe fumar mientras camina.
Ken estudia en la universidad, además de trabajar.
null
2.9737132
XXX - proc_tm = "0.117"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "2.971"; date = "20200607_07:31:59.735"; host = "APS-4"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=13&f1=13&f2=14&f3=5&f4=3&f5=3&f6=13&f7=9&f8=5&f9=5&f10=14&f11=5&f12=5&f13=5&f14=0&f15=0&f16=0&f17=13&f18=14&f19=1&f20=1&f21=3&f22=4&f23=4&f24=4&f25=15&f26=1&f27=9&f28=5&f29=9&f30=9&f31=13&f32=3&f33=5&f34=0&f35=0&f36=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,46,61,x P,46,136,84,E P,136,206,84,G P,206,306,79,^ P,306,426,72,m P,426,496,80,E P,496,546,69,d P,546,616,71,z P,616,666,63,b P,666,786,93,a P,786,906,67,G P,906,956,88,I P,956,1106,87,a P,1106,1146,6,t P,1146,1396,0,x P,1396,1446,24,t P,1446,1476,75,d P,1476,1536,82,y P,1536,1606,84,G P,1606,1736,85,O P,1736,1816,71,m P,1816,2006,81,C P,2006,2046,69,b P,2046,2106,90,i P,2106,2206,80,O P,2206,2236,54,v P,2236,2286,79,j P,2286,2386,86,^ P,2386,2496,73,s P,2496,2536,70,D P,2536,2656,83,E P,2656,2726,71,m P,2726,2786,88,I P,2786,2946,73,x"; text = "å,kLM_DKå,É7WfD~Y ";
null
3.2638898
XXX - proc_tm = "0.107"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "3.280"; date = "20191207_10:01:53.649"; host = "APS-15"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=0&f1=5&f2=10&f3=10&f4=1&f5=1&f6=6&f7=9&f8=1&f9=1&f10=12&f11=5&f12=5&f13=7&f14=3&f15=5&f16=2&f17=14&f18=4&f19=5&f20=0&f21=0&f22=0&f23=5&f24=12&f25=12&f26=12&f27=8&f28=5&f29=1&f30=1&f31=6&f32=11&f33=9&f34=3&f35=1&f36=5&f37=5&f38=0&f39=0&f40=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,56,81,x P,56,136,93,a P,136,166,84,! P,166,316,83,S P,316,456,79,U P,456,536,51,d P,536,636,78,s P,636,686,73,d P,686,786,88,U P,786,896,80,l P,896,1016,89,I P,1016,1096,75,n P,1096,1156,75,m P,1156,1206,85,a P,1206,1286,76,F P,1286,1376,69,k P,1376,1436,88,c P,1436,1576,86,a P,1576,1626,10,t P,1626,1886,0,x P,1886,1936,52,t P,1936,1996,96,a P,1996,2046,74,n P,2046,2176,76,T P,2176,2286,92,W P,2286,2336,76,! P,2336,2536,79,U P,2536,2606,73,d P,2606,2706,83,r P,2706,2786,77,s P,2786,2846,63,b P,2846,2906,83,U P,2906,2946,78,l P,2946,2996,71,N P,2996,3026,75,D P,3026,3116,87,^ P,3116,3256,65,x"; text = "e1fLB~YK_OUÉ7WfD~Y "; ØpgVdatað
null
2.089795
XXX - proc_tm = "0.099"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "2.049"; date = "20191207_09:43:14.610"; host = "APS-18"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=0&f1=7&f2=2&f3=15&f4=12&f5=14&f6=5&f7=5&f8=5&f9=0&f10=0&f11=0&f12=11&f13=3&f14=15&f15=3&f16=4&f17=4&f18=14&f19=7&f20=2&f21=13&f22=14&f23=1&f24=0&f25=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,76,75,x P,76,136,72,n P,136,216,80,F P,216,256,77,E P,256,286,76,D P,286,346,85,i P,346,426,77,T P,426,506,68,k P,506,566,87,I P,566,666,91,a P,666,716,19,t P,716,966,0,x P,966,1026,42,t P,1026,1096,84,r P,1096,1156,72,b P,1156,1226,86,i P,1226,1286,75,m P,1286,1426,77,c P,1426,1486,78,G P,1486,1556,75,n P,1556,1636,77,F P,1636,1756,83,E P,1756,1816,68,G P,1816,1916,82,U P,1916,1946,79,v P,1946,2026,63,x"; text = "gYKhfDgY ";
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3.1869376
XXX - proc_tm = "0.126"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "3.184"; date = "20190818_06:30:04.981"; host = "APS-21"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=6&f1=9&f2=5&f3=1&f4=1&f5=6&f6=6&f7=1&f8=1&f9=15&f10=14&f11=11&f12=1&f13=6&f14=9&f15=6&f16=5&f17=5&f18=5&f19=5&f20=6&f21=3&f22=5&f23=1&f24=1&f25=4&f26=4&f27=15&f28=1&f29=1&f30=9&f31=5&f32=9&f33=13&f34=13&f35=3&f36=0&f37=0&f38=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,36,81,x P,36,116,70,t P,116,176,77,s P,176,236,72,! P,236,286,75,m P,286,406,75,O P,406,506,31,t P,506,676,81,O P,676,796,73,e P,796,866,67,G P,866,916,81,R P,916,996,80,O P,996,1056,54,d P,1056,1146,67,s P,1146,1226,70,t P,1226,1266,70,l P,1266,1376,86,a P,1376,1406,75,N P,1406,1636,90,a P,1636,1716,19,t P,1716,1776,67,m P,1776,1886,76,H P,1886,2026,75,O P,2026,2056,69,n P,2056,2226,79,c P,2226,2256,64,d P,2256,2326,86,i P,2326,2416,77,O P,2416,2456,54,d P,2456,2506,79,j P,2506,2596,83,^ P,2596,2706,71,s P,2706,2746,62,d P,2746,2876,78,E P,2876,2946,69,m P,2946,3166,73,x"; text = "Ddó}^MjLå,É7WfD~Y ";
null
3.5613592
XXX - proc_tm = "0.124"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "3.714"; date = "20190818_06:30:05.735"; host = "APS-20"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=8&f1=5&f2=5&f3=5&f4=12&f5=12&f6=5&f7=6&f8=6&f9=11&f10=11&f11=9&f12=5&f13=3&f14=5&f15=12&f16=12&f17=12&f18=12&f19=9&f20=13&f21=5&f22=7&f23=5&f24=7&f25=5&f26=7&f27=5&f28=5&f29=6&f30=9&f31=13&f32=7&f33=7&f34=1&f35=1&f36=1&f37=1&f38=7&f39=13&f40=7&f41=5&f42=9&f43=9&f44=9&f45=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,56,55,x P,56,96,88,G P,96,166,97,W P,166,316,88,A P,316,436,77,T P,436,536,91,a P,536,646,28,t P,646,676,79,! P,676,756,68,d P,756,866,87,r P,866,946,82,s P,946,1016,90,^ P,1016,1136,80,m P,1136,1246,93,a P,1246,1296,60,n P,1296,1346,7,t P,1346,1396,49,G P,1396,1546,80,l P,1546,1626,81,s P,1626,1726,81,E P,1726,1776,82,! P,1776,1846,75,n P,1846,1906,86,^ P,1906,1956,73,n P,1956,1996,77,E P,1996,2056,76,n P,2056,2126,91,a P,2126,2176,77,n P,2176,2246,90,H P,2246,2286,82,n P,2286,2386,89,a P,2386,2496,29,t P,2496,2576,78,s P,2576,2636,85,E P,2636,2766,74,N P,2766,2926,78,U P,2926,3146,82,o P,3146,3216,72,n P,3216,3316,79,E P,3316,3376,70,N P,3376,3426,73,m P,3426,3506,85,a P,3506,3666,65,s P,3666,3696,38,x"; text = "ÎJ6Uo³üÒüòjL°^­gD~Y ";
null
2.3590195
XXX - proc_tm = "0.102"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "2.418"; date = "20190818_06:30:06.441"; host = "APS-17"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=5&f1=13&f2=13&f3=9&f4=12&f5=5&f6=5&f7=5&f8=4&f9=3&f10=3&f11=7&f12=11&f13=12&f14=4&f15=9&f16=9&f17=7&f18=14&f19=15&f20=8&f21=6&f22=6&f23=13&f24=3&f25=7&f26=5&f27=2&f28=15&f29=7&f30=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,36,94,x P,36,86,92,I P,86,116,85,v P,116,216,79,E P,216,276,81,j P,276,356,79,l P,356,456,88,a P,456,496,80,n P,496,616,87,H P,616,746,83,c P,746,816,28,t P,816,906,72,p P,906,966,82,n P,966,1066,79,r P,1066,1106,67,G P,1106,1176,78,l P,1176,1256,85,C P,1256,1366,82,s P,1366,1406,77,U P,1406,1486,54,n P,1486,1546,69,G P,1546,1606,87,i P,1606,1646,87,R P,1646,1746,96,W P,1746,1866,48,t P,1866,1926,77,E P,1926,1986,72,b P,1986,2026,85,E P,2026,2086,80,n P,2086,2136,88,a P,2136,2226,83,F P,2226,2286,88,i P,2286,2366,81,N P,2366,2396,61,x"; text = "iMjL¿Ð³8cfoDQ~[ ";
null
2.8706384
XXX - proc_tm = "0.186"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "3.223"; date = "20190818_06:30:07.121"; host = "APS-9"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=15&f1=5&f2=2&f3=2&f4=4&f5=11&f6=8&f7=14&f8=14&f9=14&f10=5&f11=5&f12=15&f13=6&f14=7&f15=5&f16=2&f17=1&f18=7&f19=5&f20=5&f21=5&f22=5&f23=5&f24=14&f25=15&f26=15&f27=7&f28=13&f29=1&f30=9&f31=11&f32=9&f33=13&f34=7&f35=5&f36=0&f37=0&f38=0&f39=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,46,72,x P,46,126,87,i P,126,186,85,! P,186,306,80,v P,306,396,88,c P,396,466,82,R P,466,566,93,W P,566,756,50,k P,756,806,84,a P,806,856,71,G P,856,926,89,a P,926,1016,91,e P,1016,1096,77,t P,1096,1136,81,! P,1136,1196,80,n P,1196,1256,91,a P,1256,1316,83,v P,1316,1376,87,O P,1376,1426,82,n P,1426,1566,80,a P,1566,1626,19,t P,1626,1676,67,D P,1676,1816,94,I P,1816,1846,83,E P,1846,1936,89,^ P,1936,2006,74,G P,2006,2046,83,! P,2046,2096,74,d P,2096,2206,87,i P,2206,2266,60,n P,2266,2316,61,b P,2316,2396,86,E P,2396,2456,79,O P,2456,2496,64,v P,2496,2556,77,j P,2556,2646,84,r P,2646,2736,77,s P,2736,2786,66,b P,2786,2856,83,E P,2856,2896,80,l P,2896,2976,76,n P,2976,3046,89,a P,3046,3086,82,v P,3086,3206,64,x"; text = "±óUoÍMjL'fgÉ7WfD~Y "; $1Zdataî

Es un poco caro, así que no lo compro.
Tengo sed, así que quiero comprar una bebida.
Leo un periódico mientras bebo café.
Estudio mientras escucho música.
Fui a la universidad mientras trabajé.
Mi hermana mayor se ducha mientras canta.
Traduce las frases siguientes al japonés.
1.Como hace calor, quiero comer helado.
2.Como estoy cansado, voy a dormir a las 11.
3.Está prohibido conducir mientras hablas por teléfono.
4.Siempre estudio mientras escucho música.
5.Mi padre bebe café mientras lee el periódico.
6.No está bien comer mientras caminas.
7.Mi hermano mayor estudia en la universidad mientras trabaja por horas.
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2.3510196
XXX - proc_tm = "0.101"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "2.325"; date = "20200316_18:55:17.870"; host = "APS-20"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=0&f1=0&f2=1&f3=5&f4=14&f5=5&f6=12&f7=14&f8=5&f9=14&f10=14&f11=5&f12=8&f13=7&f14=8&f15=7&f16=1&f17=1&f18=1&f19=1&f20=14&f21=5&f22=6&f23=5&f24=5&f25=13&f26=13&f27=0&f28=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,136,70,x P,136,226,77,O P,226,286,83,a P,286,356,56,G P,356,416,84,H P,416,486,84,l P,486,566,97,k P,566,636,82,A P,636,716,59,k P,716,756,84,a P,756,826,63,G P,826,906,85,H P,906,996,88,W P,996,1046,52,t P,1046,1096,66,D P,1096,1126,87,! P,1126,1176,65,n P,1176,1226,75,E P,1226,1286,66,N P,1286,1346,79,u P,1346,1416,69,n P,1416,1606,61,O P,1606,1686,63,G P,1686,1796,89,I P,1796,1896,47,d P,1896,1976,91,H P,1976,2056,73,A P,2056,2086,56,d P,2086,2196,76,E P,2196,2236,69,z P,2236,2306,41,x"; text = "LD_Kòi·D_DgY ";
null
2.194285
XXX - proc_tm = "0.074"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "2.170"; date = "20190920_09:54:06.049"; host = "APS-15"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=0&f1=12&f2=12&f3=9&f4=13&f5=11&f6=7&f7=5&f8=7&f9=5&f10=5&f11=5&f12=5&f13=9&f14=9&f15=13&f16=7&f17=7&f18=8&f19=8&f20=15&f21=7&f22=7&f23=5&f24=9&f25=9&f26=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,66,43,x P,66,216,76,l P,216,296,69,s P,296,396,69,E P,396,456,71,r P,456,526,57,n P,526,586,77,^ P,586,626,53,m P,626,666,62,E P,666,736,60,n P,736,816,82,a P,816,846,59,N P,846,1066,87,a P,1066,1106,26,k P,1106,1226,58,s P,1226,1306,72,E P,1306,1416,51,N P,1416,1636,64,u P,1636,1716,70,i P,1716,1786,56,n P,1786,1826,66,y P,1826,1886,57,N P,1886,1976,80,I P,1976,2116,37,s P,2116,2146,0,x"; text = "³üÒüòjL°^­~Y ";
null
2.0535502
XXX - proc_tm = "0.167"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "2.067"; date = "20190920_09:54:38.610"; host = "APS-9"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=1&f1=1&f2=1&f3=8&f4=14&f5=11&f6=1&f7=9&f8=12&f9=5&f10=5&f11=8&f12=5&f13=5&f14=5&f15=13&f16=7&f17=9&f18=11&f19=9&f20=9&f21=5&f22=5&f23=0&f24=0&f25=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,36,82,x P,36,186,75,O P,186,316,65,u P,316,386,58,G P,386,436,76,R P,436,516,74,O P,516,576,40,b P,576,656,61,s P,656,686,44,d P,686,736,71,s P,736,796,65,l P,796,896,82,a P,896,936,73,n P,936,1016,86,W P,1016,1186,75,a P,1186,1236,37,b P,1236,1296,83,E P,1296,1406,64,N P,1406,1476,74,j P,1476,1566,79,r P,1566,1706,72,z P,1706,1756,69,n P,1756,1846,86,a P,1846,1876,70,t P,1876,2046,34,x"; text = "ó}^MjLÉ7W~Y ";
null
2.0375502
XXX - proc_tm = "0.086"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "1.948"; date = "20190920_09:54:04.248"; host = "APS-15"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=15&f1=15&f2=15&f3=13&f4=3&f5=7&f6=5&f7=5&f8=5&f9=5&f10=14&f11=12&f12=12&f13=14&f14=5&f15=12&f16=6&f17=5&f18=13&f19=7&f20=5&f21=12&f22=12&f23=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,46,67,x P,46,206,82,i P,206,316,71,y P,316,356,81,! P,356,436,68,m P,436,516,74,N P,516,596,91,a P,596,706,83,H P,706,806,90,a P,806,906,37,k P,906,1006,72,l P,1006,1066,84,k P,1066,1146,87,^ P,1146,1266,77,l P,1266,1346,57,d P,1346,1406,86,H P,1406,1456,72,n P,1456,1536,77,E P,1536,1606,67,n P,1606,1696,87,a P,1696,1896,54,T P,1896,1926,22,x"; text = "ÆìÓjLTïßy~Y "; ˹3kdatazó
null
2.0375502
XXX - proc_tm = "0.106"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "2.021"; date = "20190920_09:54:39.336"; host = "APS-9"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=0&f1=0&f2=7&f3=5&f4=15&f5=6&f6=7&f7=5&f8=5&f9=7&f10=5&f11=5&f12=5&f13=15&f14=3&f15=13&f16=13&f17=13&f18=13&f19=9&f20=5&f21=9&f22=9&f23=0&f24=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,96,55,x P,96,176,63,n P,176,246,87,a P,246,336,91,e P,336,416,65,t P,416,456,70,! P,456,516,70,n P,516,586,89,a P,586,616,71,v P,616,686,83,a P,686,746,76,n P,746,896,67,a P,896,956,41,b P,956,1036,95,a P,1036,1116,86,A P,1116,1186,88,e P,1186,1226,64,n P,1226,1266,75,G P,1266,1296,75,! P,1296,1356,62,m P,1356,1506,68,E P,1506,1556,38,d P,1556,1616,73,z P,1616,1666,62,n P,1666,1726,81,H P,1726,1836,65,s P,1836,1896,42,b P,1896,1996,80,x"; text = "ÍMjL'fkLM~W_ ";
null
2.4230196
XXX - proc_tm = "0.08"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "2.562"; date = "20190920_09:54:39.959"; host = "APS-2"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=0&f1=7&f2=13&f3=8&f4=8&f5=6&f6=6&f7=8&f8=8&f9=12&f10=3&f11=6&f12=5&f13=7&f14=5&f15=5&f16=5&f17=5&f18=5&f19=9&f20=1&f21=1&f22=5&f23=12&f24=12&f25=5&f26=13&f27=5&f28=0&f29=0&f30=0&f31=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,46,94,x P,46,86,97,I P,86,146,78,n P,146,216,80,E P,216,256,79,n P,256,356,91,W P,356,406,68,m P,406,476,33,t P,476,516,79,i P,516,576,74,d P,576,706,89,W P,706,796,73,l P,796,866,30,p P,866,896,77,! P,896,966,69,d P,966,1046,92,a P,1046,1166,79,N P,1166,1236,86,H P,1236,1276,79,m P,1276,1396,85,H P,1396,1506,80,a P,1506,1636,74,s P,1636,1766,87,O P,1766,1876,91,^ P,1876,2016,87,l P,2016,2076,90,I P,2076,2126,68,b P,2126,2196,72,E P,2196,2246,69,n P,2246,2306,86,a P,2306,2536,68,x"; text = "ÉoLLDjL·ãïüts~Y ";
null
1.8311559
XXX - proc_tm = "0.147"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "2.154"; date = "20200316_18:55:15.665"; host = "DCAPS-3"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=7&f1=12&f2=12&f3=13&f4=14&f5=5&f6=8&f7=14&f8=14&f9=8&f10=9&f11=14&f12=13&f13=13&f14=7&f15=7&f16=5&f17=7&f18=3&f19=3&f20=3&f21=5&f22=5&f23=7&f24=13&f25=0&f26=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,36,92,x P,36,106,62,n P,106,196,69,T P,196,296,64,E P,296,356,68,k P,356,426,84,a P,426,556,90,W P,556,676,35,k P,676,766,88,W P,766,876,68,z P,876,946,52,G P,946,996,72,! P,996,1026,72,d P,1026,1136,73,E P,1136,1306,67,N P,1306,1376,84,a P,1376,1426,49,n P,1426,1466,60,G P,1466,1506,79,H P,1506,1586,63,n P,1586,1636,73,! P,1636,1736,42,b P,1736,1836,90,a P,1836,1916,61,n P,1916,2006,74,E P,2006,2056,68,v P,2056,2136,43,x"; text = "DK¢¤¹¯êüàLßy_DgY ";
null
1.8808156
XXX - proc_tm = "0.072"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "1.840"; date = "20200603_18:21:49.569"; host = "APS-15"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=14&f1=14&f2=5&f3=15&f4=14&f5=1&f6=5&f7=5&f8=5&f9=13&f10=13&f11=13&f12=9&f13=13&f14=12&f15=13&f16=3&f17=3&f18=7&f19=5&f20=0&f21=0&f22=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,56,45,x P,56,146,60,k P,146,226,93,I P,226,326,77,e P,326,366,65,t P,366,406,88,e P,406,486,64,G P,486,546,81,O P,546,716,74,a P,716,756,37,t P,756,806,74,s P,806,966,76,E P,966,1006,49,t P,1006,1036,42,d P,1036,1086,77,j P,1086,1136,78,E P,1136,1206,71,D P,1206,1266,76,E P,1266,1446,62,m P,1446,1506,70,N P,1506,1556,69,m P,1556,1646,91,a P,1646,1816,53,x"; text = "²_KBkÝ~Y ";
null
2.507754
XXX - proc_tm = "0.097"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "2.514"; date = "20191027_10:57:50.562"; host = "APS-8"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=0&f1=15&f2=15&f3=1&f4=8&f5=14&f6=14&f7=14&f8=15&f9=7&f10=5&f11=5&f12=8&f13=6&f14=7&f15=7&f16=3&f17=5&f18=12&f19=9&f20=15&f21=8&f22=8&f23=14&f24=3&f25=13&f26=3&f27=2&f28=7&f29=7&f30=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,56,75,x P,56,186,88,i P,186,246,79,O P,246,406,86,W P,406,526,78,G P,526,606,71,k P,606,656,83,i P,656,716,75,N P,716,796,86,a P,796,826,76,v P,826,906,88,a P,906,946,81,n P,946,1036,92,W P,1036,1156,42,t P,1156,1316,73,n P,1316,1376,65,b P,1376,1466,82,A P,1466,1516,77,l P,1516,1596,68,s P,1596,1636,55,d P,1636,1706,83,i P,1706,1746,85,R P,1746,1836,96,W P,1836,1966,40,k P,1966,2016,73,E P,2016,2076,64,b P,2076,2126,82,E P,2126,2186,76,m P,2186,2226,86,a P,2226,2326,79,F P,2326,2366,85,E P,2366,2466,77,N P,2466,2496,44,x"; text = "ûqKQjLKâWfoDQ~[ ";
null
2.612244
XXX - proc_tm = "0.148"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "2.616"; date = "20191027_10:57:51.211"; host = "APS-9"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=6&f1=9&f2=5&f3=1&f4=1&f5=1&f6=6&f7=1&f8=1&f9=8&f10=14&f11=11&f12=1&f13=6&f14=9&f15=9&f16=5&f17=5&f18=5&f19=5&f20=3&f21=7&f22=7&f23=9&f24=11&f25=9&f26=15&f27=7&f28=7&f29=5&f30=0&f31=0&f32=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,36,81,x P,36,116,70,t P,116,176,77,s P,176,236,72,! P,236,286,75,m P,286,416,72,O P,416,506,29,t P,506,666,81,O P,666,796,73,u P,796,866,67,G P,866,916,81,R P,916,996,81,O P,996,1056,53,d P,1056,1136,71,s P,1136,1166,54,d P,1166,1216,77,s P,1216,1266,72,w P,1266,1396,84,a P,1396,1496,87,I P,1496,1626,92,a P,1626,1706,47,b P,1706,1746,82,i P,1746,1876,71,N P,1876,1946,78,j P,1946,2036,82,r P,2036,2126,75,z P,2126,2176,70,G P,2176,2226,87,i P,2226,2356,76,N P,2356,2446,87,a P,2446,2596,61,x"; text = "Ddó}^MjLÉ7WfD~Y ";
null
2.3352373
XXX - proc_tm = "0.097"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "2.607"; date = "20191027_10:57:51.905"; host = "APS-8"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=0&f1=12&f2=12&f3=13&f4=8&f5=3&f6=6&f7=9&f8=13&f9=7&f10=1&f11=1&f12=1&f13=15&f14=7&f15=7&f16=5&f17=7&f18=5&f19=5&f20=14&f21=1&f22=10&f23=13&f24=13&f25=11&f26=7&f27=11&f28=3&f29=13&f30=7&f31=5&f32=12&f33=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,56,77,x P,56,176,81,T P,176,236,86,E P,236,366,95,W P,366,426,72,m P,426,516,37,t P,516,646,80,s P,646,706,89,E P,706,806,80,N P,806,1006,84,O P,1006,1096,87,i P,1096,1156,81,n P,1156,1196,83,E P,1196,1266,83,n P,1266,1336,94,a P,1336,1386,84,n P,1386,1476,92,I P,1476,1586,79,a P,1586,1656,74,G P,1656,1756,89,o P,1756,1856,87,S P,1856,1996,84,E P,1996,2046,84,R P,2046,2126,84,n P,2126,2176,87,r P,2176,2226,79,m P,2226,2286,80,E P,2286,2346,82,n P,2346,2426,95,I P,2426,2556,69,T P,2556,2586,47,x"; text = "6o°^­jL³üÒüò~Y ";
null
2.0375502
XXX - proc_tm = "0.114"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "1.986"; date = "20191027_10:57:52.507"; host = "APS-9"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=0&f1=0&f2=13&f3=9&f4=12&f5=5&f6=7&f7=5&f8=4&f9=3&f10=3&f11=7&f12=15&f13=14&f14=15&f15=5&f16=5&f17=6&f18=13&f19=3&f20=3&f21=2&f22=15&f23=7&f24=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,116,91,x P,116,216,78,E P,216,276,81,s P,276,356,78,l P,356,446,90,a P,446,496,81,n P,496,616,87,H P,616,746,83,c P,746,836,77,p P,836,876,94,! P,876,936,70,n P,936,986,82,i P,986,1086,65,G P,1086,1186,86,i P,1186,1346,87,a P,1346,1436,32,t P,1436,1496,75,E P,1496,1556,71,b P,1556,1596,85,E P,1596,1656,80,m P,1656,1696,89,a P,1696,1796,83,F P,1796,1856,89,i P,1856,1936,80,N P,1936,1966,52,x"; text = "iMjLßyfoDQ~[ "; Á7H'data>ø
null
2.3427746
XXX - proc_tm = "0.102"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "2.436"; date = "20200606_12:28:53.455"; host = "DCAPS-3"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=7&f1=5&f2=5&f3=15&f4=5&f5=13&f6=3&f7=3&f8=3&f9=15&f10=14&f11=7&f12=4&f13=0&f14=0&f15=0&f16=5&f17=14&f18=12&f19=5&f20=3&f21=3&f22=3&f23=11&f24=7&f25=9&f26=9&f27=9&f28=11&f29=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,46,75,x P,46,126,79,n P,126,196,86,a P,196,236,75,H P,236,316,86,a P,316,396,89,e P,396,476,86,H P,476,536,80,E P,536,686,36,b P,686,756,82,e P,756,826,80,k P,826,896,82,N P,896,1036,84,c P,1036,1076,0,x P,1076,1326,0,x P,1326,1386,31,t P,1386,1466,93,a P,1466,1516,74,n P,1516,1556,73,l P,1556,1636,67,G P,1636,1696,90,l P,1696,1766,84,a P,1766,1866,58,p P,1866,1926,84,R P,1926,1966,67,n P,1966,2006,81,i P,2006,2086,74,n P,2086,2126,90,E P,2126,2256,82,s P,2256,2386,80,r P,2386,2416,48,x"; text = "JyLc0KUKßy~WF ";
null
1.5913464
XXX - proc_tm = "0.069"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "1.577"; date = "20200316_18:55:17.319"; host = "APS-20"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=12&f1=11&f2=9&f3=9&f4=5&f5=14&f6=14&f7=5&f8=14&f9=12&f10=5&f11=5&f12=14&f13=5&f14=5&f15=3&f16=5&f17=12&f18=15&f19=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,46,53,x P,46,106,74,T P,106,156,64,G P,156,216,88,r P,216,316,73,z P,316,366,65,D P,366,426,85,^ P,426,516,70,G P,516,616,90,I P,616,706,71,G P,706,776,86,l P,776,916,83,a P,916,986,5,x P,986,1056,73,G P,1056,1116,95,I P,1116,1166,85,! P,1166,1226,77,m P,1226,1276,89,! P,1276,1376,78,T P,1376,1476,88,i P,1476,1526,73,! P,1526,1556,43,x"; text = "WØDK·D~[ ";
null
2.559999
XXX - proc_tm = "0.106"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "2.585"; date = "20191027_10:57:53.103"; host = "APS-19"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=5&f1=13&f2=5&f3=5&f4=5&f5=14&f6=5&f7=15&f8=5&f9=5&f10=5&f11=5&f12=9&f13=5&f14=5&f15=8&f16=5&f17=5&f18=5&f19=5&f20=5&f21=14&f22=3&f23=13&f24=3&f25=3&f26=13&f27=13&f28=3&f29=5&f30=9&f31=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,36,96,x P,36,96,90,a P,96,126,67,n P,126,206,69,E P,206,256,73,R P,256,386,80,a P,386,486,33,k P,486,556,82,I P,556,626,75,i P,626,666,69,D P,666,766,89,a P,766,826,59,! P,826,876,52,b P,876,926,77,! P,926,1056,73,s P,1056,1196,79,a P,1196,1296,80,W P,1296,1376,79,a P,1376,1406,73,n P,1406,1526,90,a P,1526,1606,82,A P,1606,1696,79,^ P,1696,1756,72,G P,1756,1786,72,! P,1786,1846,66,m P,1846,1976,69,E P,1976,2116,37,b P,2116,2256,69,E P,2256,2326,66,m P,2326,2406,78,a P,2406,2536,59,s P,2536,2566,27,x"; text = "Do¢ëФÈWjL'fkLcfD~Y "; øöoÛdata.C
Lección
- 62 -
Forma
La forma se emplea para expresar el verbo en pasado de forma coloquial.
Se usa más que la forma cortés .
La construcción de la forma depende de la naturaleza del verbo y se cambia de la misma ma-
nera que la forma . Se sustituyen respectivamente y por y .
Para el grupo ( )
La forma depende de la sílaba final del verbo en la forma neutra (forma de diccionario).
Esta sílaba es sustituida por la forma adecuada.
Para el grupo 1 (1 )
Se sustituye la final por .
Verbos acabados en →
Verbos acabados en →
Para los verbos irregulares



Para preguntar no se usa la partícula con la forma coloquial porque suena vulgar.


La semana pasada compré una chaqueta nueva.
Anteayer vi una película japonesa.
Estudié un poco de japonés.
null
1.3228296
XXX - proc_tm = "0.059"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "1.427"; date = "20190818_06:32:31.388"; host = "APS-21"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=13&f1=7&f2=1&f3=1&f4=1&f5=6&f6=6&f7=15&f8=5&f9=14&f10=15&f11=7&f12=13&f13=5&f14=7&f15=6&f16=0&f17=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,46,66,x P,46,86,82,s P,86,136,84,E P,136,216,78,n P,216,406,87,O P,406,556,35,t P,556,646,92,i P,646,736,79,! P,736,806,80,G P,806,876,86,i P,876,986,77,N P,986,1036,78,y P,1036,1116,90,H P,1116,1196,57,n P,1196,1256,31,x P,1256,1326,79,t P,1326,1406,86,x"; text = "(å±ók
null
1.732081
XXX - proc_tm = "0.083"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "1.696"; date = "20200603_18:38:29.547"; host = "APS-4"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=15&f1=7&f2=5&f3=5&f4=7&f5=5&f6=12&f7=12&f8=7&f9=6&f10=9&f11=15&f12=15&f13=5&f14=14&f15=3&f16=3&f17=7&f18=5&f19=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,46,62,x P,46,126,85,e P,126,186,73,n P,186,296,86,A P,296,376,63,n P,376,496,71,H P,496,596,68,l P,596,656,52,n P,656,696,76,G P,696,726,85,! P,726,816,38,d P,816,886,84,s P,886,1026,84,i P,1026,1136,67,^ P,1136,1216,58,G P,1216,1366,66,m P,1366,1456,27,n P,1456,1526,2,x P,1526,1576,55,t P,1576,1646,97,a P,1646,1676,61,x"; text = "»tå,h-ýkLc_ ";
null
2.0375502
XXX - proc_tm = "0.071"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "1.975"; date = "20200606_12:30:33.342"; host = "APS-15"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=15&f1=9&f2=9&f3=9&f4=9&f5=13&f6=15&f7=14&f8=7&f9=5&f10=5&f11=9&f12=9&f13=13&f14=13&f15=3&f16=5&f17=13&f18=13&f19=11&f20=14&f21=7&f22=4&f23=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,56,47,x P,56,106,69,D P,106,186,87,i P,186,226,79,! P,226,366,78,s P,366,436,80,y P,436,526,72,i P,526,636,35,k P,636,716,68,n P,716,886,89,a P,886,1026,79,s P,1026,1166,67,E P,1166,1276,68,m P,1276,1376,91,a P,1376,1496,68,y P,1496,1576,66,r P,1576,1646,54,G P,1646,1686,86,H P,1686,1776,44,n P,1776,1826,12,x P,1826,1876,55,p P,1876,1926,87,c P,1926,1956,74,x"; text = "H1°WD @·c_ ";
null
1.6892512
XXX - proc_tm = "0.082"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "1.684"; date = "20200603_18:38:30.083"; host = "APS-8"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=5&f1=3&f2=11&f3=11&f4=13&f5=13&f6=6&f7=13&f8=5&f9=5&f10=7&f11=5&f12=13&f13=13&f14=13&f15=8&f16=5&f17=13&f18=14&f19=5&f20=0&f21=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,46,83,x P,46,96,78,! P,96,136,76,D P,136,166,84,! P,166,226,79,p P,226,326,92,R P,326,446,74,y P,446,556,39,t P,556,616,90,y P,616,656,90,N P,656,706,90,H P,706,816,93,^ P,816,906,84,n P,906,986,92,I P,986,1206,94,E P,1206,1236,86,D P,1236,1326,95,W P,1326,1386,86,^ P,1386,1426,79,n P,1426,1476,84,E P,1476,1556,70,G P,1556,1606,97,H P,1606,1666,84,x"; text = "JhhDå,n ;_ ";
null
1.5598091
XXX - proc_tm = "0.055"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "1.729"; date = "20190818_06:32:34.045"; host = "APS-4"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=6&f1=11&f2=9&f3=9&f4=9&f5=13&f6=3&f7=5&f8=5&f9=1&f10=1&f11=4&f12=4&f13=15&f14=1&f15=1&f16=9&f17=4&f18=9&f19=5&f20=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,46,48,x P,46,106,74,t P,106,156,62,G P,156,216,90,r P,216,336,88,s P,336,476,66,E P,476,546,2,x P,546,616,69,m P,616,716,78,H P,716,876,75,O P,876,1046,81,C P,1046,1096,67,b P,1096,1146,91,i P,1146,1256,79,O P,1256,1286,50,d P,1286,1336,81,j P,1336,1426,86,c P,1426,1556,74,s P,1556,1606,73,t P,1606,1676,96,a P,1676,1706,69,x"; text = "Wå,É7W_ ";

Traduce las frases siguientes al japonés.
1.Ayer estudié japonés.
2.La semana pasada fui a la playa con mi hermano menor.
3.Memoricé muchos kanjis.
5.Mi hermano mayor me dio un regalo.
null
0.41795918
XXX - proc_tm = "0.02"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "0.287"; date = "20200603_18:38:31.553"; host = "APS-14"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=0&f1=14&f2=8&f3=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,66,50,x P,66,156,56,G P,156,236,91,W P,236,266,60,x"; text = "Ý_ ";
null
0.78367335
XXX - proc_tm = "0.041"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "0.625"; date = "20200603_18:38:32.095"; host = "APS-18"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=3&f1=5&f2=5&f3=5&f4=5&f5=7&f6=3&f7=5&f8=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,46,32,x P,46,76,77,t P,76,116,84,! P,116,176,59,b P,176,226,88,a P,226,256,84,y P,256,346,94,a P,346,426,44,n P,426,496,38,b P,496,566,95,I P,566,606,56,x"; text = "ÍD_ "; !@U}dataN
null
0.57469386
XXX - proc_tm = "0.027"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "0.472"; date = "20200603_18:38:32.479"; host = "APS-15"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=5&f1=5&f2=5&f3=0&f4=6&f5=8&f6=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,36,22,x P,36,186,74,! P,186,286,18,x P,286,346,53,d P,346,416,95,W P,416,446,60,x"; text = "Wc_ ";
null
0.57469386
XXX - proc_tm = "0.031"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "0.472"; date = "20191027_10:58:25.578"; host = "APS-2"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=13&f1=13&f2=5&f3=13&f4=5&f5=0&f6=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,46,57,x P,46,136,69,E P,136,206,82,^ P,206,276,51,E P,276,336,43,G P,336,386,94,a P,386,446,53,x"; text = "óD` ";
null
0.6269387
XXX - proc_tm = "0.03"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "0.463"; date = "20200603_18:38:32.904"; host = "APS-14"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=13&f1=7&f2=7&f3=7&f4=5&f5=5&f6=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,46,36,x P,46,96,60,F P,96,166,61,E P,166,256,6,n P,256,316,40,b P,316,416,88,^ P,416,446,48,x"; text = "8c_ ";
null
0.41795918
XXX - proc_tm = "0.036"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "0.270"; date = "20180930_12:12:21.078"; host = "APS-21"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=0&f1=0&f2=12&f3=5&f4=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,96,34,x P,96,166,51,D P,166,216,95,^ P,216,246,61,x"; text = "W_ ";
null
0.57469386
XXX - proc_tm = "0.025"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "0.457"; date = "20191027_10:58:26.486"; host = "APS-15"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=7&f1=5&f2=9&f3=9&f4=4&f5=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,36,62,x P,36,76,87,t P,76,136,70,n P,136,196,78,a P,196,296,61,s P,296,346,36,D P,346,396,82,C P,396,436,61,x"; text = "qW_ ";
null
0.57469386
XXX - proc_tm = "0.049"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "0.447"; date = "20191027_10:58:25.998"; host = "APS-9"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=0&f1=5&f2=5&f3=13&f4=3&f5=5&f6=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,66,60,x P,66,176,93,^ P,176,236,62,E P,236,336,34,b P,336,396,88,a P,396,426,44,x"; text = "øD_ ";
null
0.73142844
XXX - proc_tm = "0.039"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "0.597"; date = "20200603_18:38:33.376"; host = "APS-11"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=0&f1=9&f2=5&f3=3&f4=8&f5=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,56,65,x P,56,96,90,i P,96,126,54,n P,126,206,65,z P,206,246,68,n P,246,326,90,^ P,326,356,43,t P,356,436,7,x P,436,496,60,p P,496,546,95,W P,546,576,84,x"; text = "Kc_ ";
null
0.52244896
XXX - proc_tm = "0.028"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "0.431"; date = "20200603_18:38:33.834"; host = "DCAPS-3"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=5&f1=9&f2=2&f3=14&f4=4&f5=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,36,21,x P,36,96,80,! P,96,146,80,z P,146,206,80,F P,206,246,75,! P,246,326,39,G P,326,376,97,c P,376,406,89,x"; text = "[_ ";
null
0.52244896
XXX - proc_tm = "0.027"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "0.402"; date = "20200603_18:39:04.482"; host = "APS-11"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=1&f1=1&f2=7&f3=7&f4=0&f5=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,36,9,x P,36,66,68,G P,66,156,73,O P,156,286,41,n P,286,376,81,x"; text = "ò` ";
null
0.47020411
XXX - proc_tm = "0.077"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "0.347"; date = "20200603_18:39:05.104"; host = "APS-9"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=8&f1=13&f2=14&f3=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,36,78,x P,36,86,83,u P,86,146,65,E P,146,236,38,G P,236,276,94,H P,276,326,68,x"; text = "M_ ";
null
0.52244896
XXX - proc_tm = "0.041"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "0.389"; date = "20191027_10:57:53.644"; host = "APS-19"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=5&f1=3&f2=3&f3=3&f4=5&f5=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,56,49,x P,56,136,89,^ P,136,256,36,b P,256,336,92,a P,336,366,53,x"; text = "·c_ ";
null
0.47020411
XXX - proc_tm = "0.037"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "0.327"; date = "20200603_18:39:05.797"; host = "APS-18"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=7&f1=7&f2=3&f3=0&f4=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,36,103,x P,36,126,49,n P,126,216,31,b P,216,306,87,x"; text = "
null
0.47020411
XXX - proc_tm = "0.026"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "0.322"; date = "20191027_10:58:28.308"; host = "APS-2"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=0&f1=9&f2=5&f3=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,66,58,x P,66,136,53,s P,136,196,32,b P,196,276,91,^ P,276,306,46,x"; text = "e_ ";
null
0.57469386
XXX - proc_tm = "0.032"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "0.446"; date = "20191027_10:57:55.268"; host = "APS-21"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=0&f1=5&f2=14&f3=14&f4=0&f5=0&f6=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,66,56,x P,66,126,95,a P,126,176,69,n P,176,226,74,! P,226,326,43,G P,326,426,69,x"; text = "ßy_ ";
null
1.5551015
XXX - proc_tm = "0.062"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "1.667"; date = "20190920_09:54:41.520"; host = "APS-2"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=10&f1=13&f2=7&f3=1&f4=1&f5=6&f6=6&f7=13&f8=14&f9=5&f10=3&f11=4&f12=15&f13=1&f14=1&f15=9&f16=1&f17=9&f18=6&f19=5&f20=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,46,64,x P,46,96,81,S P,96,146,80,E P,146,216,77,n P,216,406,85,O P,406,506,19,t P,506,536,71,m P,536,596,77,E P,596,676,79,G P,676,736,81,^ P,736,836,76,m P,836,996,84,c P,996,1026,71,n P,1026,1096,91,i P,1096,1186,82,O P,1186,1216,56,d P,1216,1266,77,j P,1266,1356,88,O P,1356,1496,78,s P,1496,1546,79,t P,1546,1616,97,a P,1616,1646,71,x"; text = "(åå,É7W_ ";
null
1.9008157
XXX - proc_tm = "0.06"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "1.941"; date = "20190920_09:54:36.559"; host = "APS-15"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=12&f1=15&f2=15&f3=9&f4=9&f5=13&f6=15&f7=6&f8=5&f9=3&f10=1&f11=14&f12=14&f13=1&f14=1&f15=1&f16=1&f17=12&f18=15&f19=7&f20=0&f21=5&f22=5&f23=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,56,57,x P,56,106,78,T P,106,196,95,i P,196,226,86,! P,226,366,87,s P,366,436,88,y P,436,536,77,i P,536,636,33,t P,636,686,82,^ P,686,756,71,b P,756,866,89,O P,866,956,72,k P,956,996,90,^ P,996,1076,67,k P,1076,1336,78,U P,1336,1426,78,l P,1426,1496,86,i P,1496,1646,66,n P,1646,1736,30,x P,1736,1786,57,p P,1786,1886,92,a P,1886,1916,60,x"; text = "H1hwxLc_ "; ®W~îdata¤ò
null
1.5673465
XXX - proc_tm = "0.052"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "1.493"; date = "20190920_09:54:37.503"; host = "APS-15"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=5&f1=7&f2=13&f3=13&f4=1&f5=1&f6=6&f7=6&f8=14&f9=9&f10=9&f11=5&f12=13&f13=12&f14=12&f15=5&f16=3&f17=0&f18=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,46,71,x P,46,76,87,H P,76,156,94,I P,156,236,75,n P,236,326,83,E P,326,486,76,O P,486,606,36,t P,606,646,88,E P,646,706,69,G P,706,836,79,s P,836,956,91,a P,956,1026,78,E P,1026,1056,55,d P,1056,1116,73,l P,1116,1156,66,m P,1156,1216,86,l P,1216,1306,81,A P,1306,1386,59,b P,1386,1476,88,x"; text = ""W_OUH_ "; Ë´Wüdata¦º
null
1.0427753
XXX - proc_tm = "0.044"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "1.097"; date = "20190920_09:54:38.062"; host = "APS-2"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=9&f1=9&f2=14&f3=5&f4=5&f5=5&f6=15&f7=11&f8=2&f9=1&f10=3&f11=3&f12=4&f13=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,46,23,x P,46,136,73,j P,136,216,50,k P,216,256,73,i P,256,306,71,n P,306,416,92,I P,416,496,79,i P,496,636,78,R P,636,716,55,v P,716,756,65,D P,756,806,65,n P,806,866,71,O P,866,956,43,b P,956,1046,90,c P,1046,1076,49,x"; text = "¿LØ_ ";
null
1.6195914
XXX - proc_tm = "0.058"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "1.550"; date = "20190920_09:54:41.982"; host = "APS-15"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=0&f1=7&f2=14&f3=14&f4=5&f5=5&f6=13&f7=15&f8=12&f9=15&f10=7&f11=12&f12=12&f13=12&f14=11&f15=5&f16=3&f17=3&f18=0&f19=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,56,95,x P,56,116,75,n P,116,156,69,l P,156,276,62,G P,276,446,85,a P,446,496,40,t P,496,566,75,E P,566,646,81,i P,646,706,65,T P,706,756,86,i P,756,896,64,N P,896,946,63,D P,946,986,80,r P,986,1096,68,l P,1096,1156,80,R P,1156,1196,80,i P,1196,1266,86,I P,1266,1436,31,b P,1436,1526,82,x"; text = "DK×ì¼óÈc_ ";
null
0.52244896
XXX - proc_tm = "0.034"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "0.387"; date = "20191027_10:57:54.441"; host = "APS-20"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=5&f1=5&f2=5&f3=5&f4=5&f5=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,36,75,x P,36,66,67,! P,66,116,21,n P,116,186,6,x P,186,236,41,d P,236,336,91,a P,336,366,39,x"; text = "Lc_ ";
null
0.41795918
XXX - proc_tm = "0.06"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "0.267"; date = "20200603_18:38:30.592"; host = "APS-9"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=3&f1=0&f2=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,46,22,x P,46,106,34,E P,106,176,55,p P,176,246,54,x"; text = "_ "; ¶¿Idatad!
null
0.52244896
XXX - proc_tm = "0.021"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "0.397"; date = "20191027_10:58:30.064"; host = "APS-8"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=11&f1=7&f2=7&f3=7&f4=5&f5=0&f6=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,36,9,x P,36,76,42,y P,76,146,55,r P,146,256,22,n P,256,306,84,H P,306,376,68,x"; text = "­` ";
null
0.52244896
XXX - proc_tm = "0.028"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "0.394"; date = "20200603_18:38:31.103"; host = "APS-17"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=13&f1=13&f2=13&f3=4&f4=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,56,38,x P,56,86,60,D P,86,186,69,E P,186,236,18,n P,236,276,52,t P,276,346,89,c P,346,376,38,x"; text = "^D_ ";
Lección
- 64 -
expresa una experiencia anterior.
Es una expresión para Ya hemos visto la expresión para expresar una acción una vez con-
cluida otra acción.
tiene la misma función pero la diferencia entre ambas es que también se puede em-
plear con un nombre. Indica posterioridad y se traduce como “después de” o “después de que”.

expresa anterioridad. Esta expresión a sigue un nombre o una proposición y se traduce como
“antes de” o “antes de que”.
Verbo en la forma + + • Haber + participio pasado (Tener experiencia de Verbo)
(El verbo se conjuga como un verbo 5 )
Nombre + + ( ) • Después de + Nombre
Verbo en forma + ( ) • Después de + Verbo
Nombre + +
• Antes de + Nombre
• Antes de + Verbo
¿Has venido a Japón?
Nunca he vivido en el campo.
Se emplea a menudo con los adverbios de frecuencia
(una vez),
(algunas veces),
Después de los exámenes voy a la playa con amigos.
Voy a comer a un restaurante después de nadar en el mar.



Voy a ducharme antes de cenar.
null
1.8895231
XXX - proc_tm = "0.086"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "1.924"; date = "20190818_06:32:34.688"; host = "APS-8"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=15&f1=15&f2=15&f3=7&f4=5&f5=5&f6=5&f7=13&f8=7&f9=7&f10=13&f11=15&f12=5&f13=5&f14=5&f15=5&f16=5&f17=5&f18=7&f19=5&f20=0&f21=0&f22=0&f23=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,36,36,x P,36,186,85,e P,186,256,69,n P,256,326,82,^ P,326,376,65,m P,376,436,74,^ P,436,486,32,n P,486,526,67,G P,526,606,89,I P,606,666,74,E P,666,756,67,N P,756,866,63,E P,866,926,15,n P,926,986,5,x P,986,1036,41,b P,1036,1106,78,e P,1106,1156,58,G P,1156,1206,72,^ P,1206,1256,62,t P,1256,1316,80,^ P,1316,1366,67,n P,1366,1476,88,H P,1476,1516,63,n P,1516,1566,61,E P,1566,1636,67,n P,1636,1706,85,a P,1706,1906,48,x"; text = "U¦ÑêkLc_ShLB~Y ";
null
1.3948296
XXX - proc_tm = "0.063"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "1.594"; date = "20190818_06:32:35.506"; host = "APS-15"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=13&f1=1&f2=1&f3=1&f4=5&f5=13&f6=6&f7=15&f8=14&f9=6&f10=5&f11=7&f12=5&f13=3&f14=6&f15=6&f16=14&f17=8&f18=8&f19=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,46,48,x P,46,126,76,E P,126,156,76,H P,156,286,77,o P,286,366,70,! P,366,426,72,E P,426,496,57,t P,496,546,57,J P,546,586,49,D P,586,636,86,e P,636,696,53,G P,696,736,78,R P,736,796,53,d P,796,846,86,^ P,846,916,65,n P,916,1026,88,H P,1026,1076,61,n P,1076,1126,64,E P,1126,1186,64,m P,1186,1226,83,I P,1226,1316,77,t P,1316,1406,54,k P,1406,1516,92,W P,1516,1546,67,! P,1546,1576,35,x"; text = "å,ke_ShLB~YK "; @°odataBÇ
null
2.0375502
XXX - proc_tm = "0.087"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "1.954"; date = "20190818_06:32:36.273"; host = "APS-21"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=0&f1=5&f2=14&f3=12&f4=12&f5=6&f6=14&f7=14&f8=14&f9=5&f10=5&f11=13&f12=6&f13=14&f14=5&f15=7&f16=8&f17=5&f18=3&f19=12&f20=12&f21=14&f22=8&f23=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,56,61,x P,56,166,92,I P,166,236,54,G P,236,386,63,l P,386,456,62,d P,456,496,79,E P,496,586,89,k P,586,666,51,G P,666,716,81,a P,716,746,76,y P,746,846,86,a P,846,906,49,E P,906,976,42,d P,976,1026,71,a P,1026,1086,55,G P,1086,1116,70,! P,1116,1166,54,d P,1166,1226,78,! P,1226,1286,65,n P,1286,1336,84,W P,1336,1386,77,H P,1386,1436,57,n P,1436,1486,59,E P,1486,1546,59,m P,1546,1586,77,I P,1586,1676,71,T P,1676,1766,50,k P,1766,1876,86,W P,1876,1906,62,! P,1906,1936,33,x"; text = "ýgÍD_ShLB~YK "; M¶0[ÃdataJô
null
2.1257951
XXX - proc_tm = "0.084"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "2.280"; date = "20190818_06:32:36.927"; host = "APS-15"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=6&f1=6&f2=13&f3=15&f4=3&f5=5&f6=6&f7=3&f8=3&f9=5&f10=14&f11=5&f12=13&f13=12&f14=15&f15=7&f16=5&f17=14&f18=6&f19=1&f20=7&f21=5&f22=5&f23=13&f24=7&f25=2&f26=5&f27=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,36,79,x P,36,156,77,t P,156,206,81,E P,206,236,86,D P,236,286,89,e P,286,356,75,m P,356,486,75,^ P,486,576,24,t P,576,666,78,m P,666,746,94,a P,746,826,79,G P,826,896,90,I P,896,936,77,n P,936,1006,83,E P,1006,1116,79,T P,1116,1206,85,e P,1206,1296,76,n P,1296,1356,91,a P,1356,1426,65,G P,1426,1466,82,R P,1466,1536,70,d P,1536,1596,86,O P,1596,1676,76,n P,1676,1736,90,H P,1736,1816,87,I P,1816,1886,74,E P,1886,1946,76,n P,1946,2096,80,F P,2096,2176,87,a P,2176,2226,75,n P,2226,2256,51,x"; text = "
null
2.1627476
XXX - proc_tm = "0.087"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "2.349"; date = "20190818_06:32:37.616"; host = "APS-15"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=0&f1=9&f2=15&f3=15&f4=7&f5=7&f6=5&f7=7&f8=15&f9=15&f10=15&f11=14&f12=14&f13=3&f14=5&f15=3&f16=5&f17=9&f18=12&f19=1&f20=1&f21=1&f22=13&f23=9&f24=9&f25=4&f26=0&f27=0&f28=0&f29=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,56,61,x P,56,146,76,s P,146,196,67,d P,196,286,87,i P,286,426,75,n P,426,546,89,a P,546,606,43,n P,606,646,65,G P,646,686,83,R P,686,746,75,n P,746,896,72,i P,896,1026,36,k P,1026,1056,83,! P,1056,1106,76,m P,1106,1156,82,^ P,1156,1206,80,m P,1206,1276,94,a P,1276,1366,75,s P,1366,1426,71,D P,1426,1546,84,O P,1546,1776,73,U P,1776,1866,73,y P,1866,1916,63,n P,1916,2026,74,z P,2026,2076,69,R P,2076,2146,88,c P,2146,2326,65,x"; text = "fnBhgËThwkLM~Y ";
null
2.7529514
XXX - proc_tm = "0.167"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "3.122"; date = "20190818_06:33:15.968"; host = "APS-9"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=1&f1=5&f2=15&f3=11&f4=11&f5=7&f6=11&f7=13&f8=4&f9=1&f10=1&f11=1&f12=0&f13=0&f14=0&f15=6&f16=15&f17=12&f18=12&f19=15&f20=8&f21=7&f22=15&f23=15&f24=14&f25=14&f26=12&f27=14&f28=5&f29=12&f30=3&f31=5&f32=7&f33=13&f34=3&f35=5&f36=12&f37=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,36,81,x P,36,86,80,U P,86,136,81,! P,136,186,75,G P,186,236,85,i P,236,346,82,R P,346,396,83,n P,396,476,86,R P,476,526,78,E P,526,576,73,b P,576,686,92,c P,686,726,53,n P,726,776,64,b P,776,926,75,O P,926,976,21,t P,976,1236,0,x P,1236,1296,51,d P,1296,1376,92,i P,1376,1416,85,s P,1416,1506,76,D P,1506,1576,92,e P,1576,1696,92,W P,1696,1796,77,n P,1796,1926,83,i P,1926,1956,49,n P,1956,2086,36,k P,2086,2176,82,l P,2176,2246,89,G P,2246,2326,91,^ P,2326,2436,84,l P,2436,2516,72,b P,2516,2576,91,H P,2576,2636,82,n P,2636,2726,84,E P,2726,2786,78,m P,2786,2866,92,a P,2866,3076,70,T P,3076,3106,47,x"; text = "wgóD`Bhì¹ÈéógTïßy~Y ";
null
2.1072102
XXX - proc_tm = "0.445"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "2.174"; date = "20200603_18:52:22.309"; host = "APS-11"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=9&f1=9&f2=1&f3=1&f4=1&f5=3&f6=8&f7=8&f8=7&f9=7&f10=6&f11=5&f12=0&f13=8&f14=8&f15=8&f16=3&f17=1&f18=9&f19=11&f20=11&f21=9&f22=11&f23=5&f24=12&f25=12&f26=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,46,43,x P,46,156,70,s P,156,196,64,d P,196,386,83,U P,386,426,82,! P,426,506,78,m P,506,656,92,W P,656,786,74,n P,786,876,22,t P,876,926,53,b P,926,1006,86,a P,1006,1046,74,t P,1046,1106,72,x P,1106,1146,78,D P,1146,1256,94,W P,1256,1326,76,m P,1326,1476,81,U P,1476,1516,62,n P,1516,1576,81,j P,1576,1696,86,r P,1696,1826,81,s P,1826,1886,80,R P,1886,1966,91,a P,1966,2126,66,T P,2126,2156,38,x"; text = "fnMk_OUÉ7W~Y ";
null
2.28604
XXX - proc_tm = "0.1"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "2.485"; date = "20200603_18:52:23.269"; host = "APS-14"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=8&f1=8&f2=8&f3=1&f4=5&f5=14&f6=11&f7=1&f8=6&f9=5&f10=5&f11=13&f12=3&f13=5&f14=7&f15=7&f16=13&f17=6&f18=9&f19=1&f20=1&f21=8&f22=12&f23=12&f24=5&f25=13&f26=7&f27=5&f28=0&f29=0&f30=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,36,46,x P,36,76,88,G P,76,176,95,W P,176,266,74,U P,266,356,87,^ P,356,436,95,k P,436,526,90,r P,526,606,86,o P,606,656,71,n P,656,726,86,t P,726,756,89,! P,756,796,76,n P,796,886,88,A P,886,946,82,E P,946,1026,79,m P,1026,1136,96,I P,1136,1266,81,N P,1266,1366,70,E P,1366,1466,24,t P,1466,1566,86,s P,1566,1696,92,O P,1696,1806,96,W P,1806,1916,90,l P,1916,1996,95,I P,1996,2046,73,n P,2046,2116,76,E P,2116,2176,74,n P,2176,2236,91,a P,2236,2266,84,n P,2266,2466,64,x"; text = "iTïßyMk·ãïüts~Y ";

No he nunca vestido un kimono.
Hice los deberes después de cenar.
Contesta después de leer la pregunta, por favor.
Desayuno después del paseo.
Apaga el aire acondicionado antes de salir de casa.
¿Desayunas antes de ir al trabajo?
Traduce las frases siguientes al japonés.
1.¿Ya te has probado el kimono?
2.He bebido sake.
4.Hago los deberes después de mirar la tele.
5.Está prohibido conducir después de beber alcohol.
6.Me lavo las manos antes de comer.
7.Hago los deberes antes de dormir.
null
1.5318091
XXX - proc_tm = "0.109"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "1.530"; date = "20190920_09:56:46.596"; host = "APS-9"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=3&f1=3&f2=5&f3=13&f4=7&f5=5&f6=15&f7=14&f8=5&f9=7&f10=5&f11=5&f12=13&f13=3&f14=6&f15=6&f16=14&f17=8&f18=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,36,59,x P,36,126,66,m P,126,176,82,I P,176,216,63,n P,216,276,71,E P,276,336,60,n P,336,416,80,^ P,416,476,28,n P,476,526,38,d P,526,576,79,e P,576,646,54,G P,646,686,67,! P,686,736,59,t P,736,786,84,^ P,786,846,65,n P,846,966,86,H P,966,1006,61,n P,1006,1066,63,E P,1066,1126,67,m P,1126,1166,82,I P,1166,1256,76,t P,1256,1336,54,k P,1336,1446,92,W P,1446,1476,74,! P,1476,1506,45,x"; text = "¬kWc_ShLB~YK ";
null
1.5751016
XXX - proc_tm = "0.068"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "1.555"; date = "20200603_18:52:23.776"; host = "APS-21"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=5&f1=9&f2=13&f3=13&f4=13&f5=11&f6=9&f7=5&f8=12&f9=7&f10=8&f11=8&f12=12&f13=5&f14=12&f15=14&f16=14&f17=8&f18=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,46,61,x P,46,106,89,a P,106,166,30,n P,166,246,61,j P,246,336,71,y P,336,436,68,R P,436,536,65,z P,536,576,60,d P,576,636,81,^ P,636,686,57,G P,686,736,72,^ P,736,796,55,D P,796,836,80,! P,836,896,67,n P,896,996,78,W P,996,1026,64,n P,1026,1096,62,l P,1096,1146,64,m P,1146,1196,80,a P,1196,1276,74,T P,1276,1366,51,k P,1366,1476,87,W P,1476,1506,64,! P,1506,1536,35,x"; text = "ÎW_ShLB~YK ";
null
1.430367
XXX - proc_tm = "0.054"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "1.461"; date = "20190920_09:54:41.051"; host = "APS-2"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=0&f1=5&f2=1&f3=1&f4=1&f5=10&f6=15&f7=14&f8=5&f9=7&f10=5&f11=5&f12=13&f13=7&f14=2&f15=2&f16=5&f17=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,66,54,x P,66,116,72,E P,116,166,72,m P,166,216,76,^ P,216,266,70,n P,266,366,77,O P,366,416,27,v P,416,496,62,J P,496,536,48,b P,536,586,85,e P,586,646,58,G P,646,696,69,! P,696,746,61,t P,746,796,87,^ P,796,856,65,n P,856,916,92,H P,916,996,88,I P,996,1066,63,E P,1066,1126,68,n P,1126,1276,73,F P,1276,1356,87,a P,1356,1406,64,n P,1406,1436,29,x"; text = "@i@_ShLB~[ ";
null
2.612244
XXX - proc_tm = "0.08"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "2.705"; date = "20190920_09:57:16.289"; host = "APS-15"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=8&f1=8&f2=8&f3=1&f4=5&f5=14&f6=5&f7=1&f8=11&f9=3&f10=5&f11=5&f12=14&f13=5&f14=3&f15=1&f16=0&f17=0&f18=0&f19=0&f20=9&f21=7&f22=5&f23=5&f24=15&f25=11&f26=9&f27=9&f28=11&f29=9&f30=3&f31=5&f32=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,36,45,x P,36,76,86,G P,76,176,93,W P,176,266,72,U P,266,356,85,^ P,356,416,93,k P,416,526,91,^ P,526,596,79,U P,596,646,80,R P,646,716,71,b P,716,766,92,a P,766,806,82,n P,806,856,87,A P,856,926,61,G P,926,1066,92,a P,1066,1166,62,b P,1166,1286,81,O P,1286,1336,17,t P,1336,1596,0,x P,1596,1626,19,d P,1626,1746,74,j P,1746,1796,73,G P,1796,1836,86,E P,1836,1886,81,n P,1886,1986,93,I P,1986,2066,86,i P,2066,2136,85,r P,2136,2276,84,s P,2276,2346,80,R P,2346,2376,91,! P,2376,2496,75,s P,2496,2556,59,b P,2556,2656,88,a P,2656,2686,50,x"; text = "iTïßy_Bh¿LW~W_ ";
null
2.5611691
XXX - proc_tm = "0.085"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "2.808"; date = "20190920_09:56:55.376"; host = "APS-15"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=11&f1=11&f2=3&f3=5&f4=5&f5=15&f6=15&f7=1&f8=7&f9=5&f10=3&f11=3&f12=1&f13=0&f14=0&f15=0&f16=6&f17=9&f18=14&f19=1&f20=5&f21=7&f22=14&f23=11&f24=6&f25=5&f26=5&f27=14&f28=15&f29=14&f30=7&f31=8&f32=12&f33=5&f34=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,46,63,x P,46,166,85,r P,166,246,80,m P,246,356,92,A P,356,516,89,i P,516,586,85,O P,586,676,77,n P,676,816,91,I P,816,916,66,b P,916,1036,81,O P,1036,1086,15,t P,1086,1326,0,x P,1326,1396,38,t P,1396,1456,77,s P,1456,1566,73,k P,1566,1626,78,U P,1626,1746,85,^ P,1746,1806,73,n P,1806,1846,77,E P,1846,1916,75,G P,1916,1966,83,R P,1966,2046,66,d P,2046,2176,95,I P,2176,2256,64,G P,2256,2316,85,i P,2316,2386,71,G P,2386,2446,74,n P,2446,2506,89,W P,2506,2626,77,T P,2626,2716,90,I P,2716,2756,74,E P,2756,2786,51,x"; text = "OL­`BhêOkTHfO`UD "; yC°'Pdata_
null
2.14204
XXX - proc_tm = "0.124"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "2.268"; date = "20200603_18:52:24.328"; host = "APS-19"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=0&f1=12&f2=8&f3=3&f4=3&f5=5&f6=5&f7=7&f8=12&f9=7&f10=15&f11=15&f12=6&f13=3&f14=15&f15=12&f16=12&f17=5&f18=5&f19=12&f20=3&f21=5&f22=7&f23=13&f24=7&f25=5&f26=2&f27=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,56,70,x P,56,116,85,T P,116,206,95,W P,206,286,75,m P,286,346,70,b P,346,386,86,l P,386,446,85,A P,446,576,91,I P,576,646,67,n P,646,696,78,D P,696,786,82,n P,786,946,82,i P,946,1036,46,t P,1036,1066,86,n P,1066,1136,80,b P,1136,1206,87,e P,1206,1336,82,l P,1336,1396,92,H P,1396,1486,91,^ P,1486,1586,86,l P,1586,1666,75,b P,1666,1716,91,H P,1716,1776,84,n P,1776,1856,86,E P,1856,1936,81,n P,1936,2016,92,a P,2016,2216,73,F P,2216,2246,54,x"; text = "cinBhgToßy~Y ";
null
1.994013
XXX - proc_tm = "0.067"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "1.979"; date = "20190920_09:57:18.544"; host = "APS-15"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=9&f1=9&f2=1&f3=1&f4=1&f5=3&f6=8&f7=8&f8=7&f9=13&f10=6&f11=5&f12=12&f13=12&f14=15&f15=15&f16=1&f17=1&f18=1&f19=6&f20=1&f21=9&f22=8&f23=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,46,43,x P,46,156,70,s P,156,196,64,d P,196,386,83,U P,386,426,82,! P,426,506,78,m P,506,656,92,W P,656,726,73,n P,726,796,76,E P,796,876,16,t P,876,926,53,b P,926,1006,86,a P,1006,1146,74,T P,1146,1266,93,e P,1266,1316,74,! P,1316,1506,80,U P,1506,1576,71,d P,1576,1676,84,O P,1676,1806,75,z P,1806,1856,74,t P,1856,1926,93,W P,1926,1956,70,x"; text = "fnMk_OUÉ7W_ ";
null
2.3067746
XXX - proc_tm = "0.074"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "2.409"; date = "20190920_10:02:00.365"; host = "APS-15"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=13&f1=15&f2=15&f3=1&f4=3&f5=14&f6=15&f7=13&f8=3&f9=5&f10=3&f11=3&f12=13&f13=6&f14=8&f15=8&f16=14&f17=4&f18=4&f19=6&f20=15&f21=9&f22=6&f23=15&f24=14&f25=6&f26=5&f27=12&f28=8&f29=13&f30=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,46,79,x P,46,116,88,E P,116,206,92,e P,206,316,83,O P,316,396,54,m P,396,446,77,G P,446,526,89,i P,526,596,84,E P,596,676,81,m P,676,826,97,I P,826,926,81,m P,926,986,84,E P,986,1116,42,t P,1116,1156,91,i P,1156,1276,96,W P,1276,1366,77,k P,1366,1536,83,c P,1536,1566,64,m P,1566,1626,81,t P,1626,1696,91,i P,1696,1796,82,s P,1796,1856,70,d P,1856,1906,87,i P,1906,1976,78,G P,1976,2026,82,d P,2026,2096,96,a P,2096,2206,81,T P,2206,2296,96,W P,2296,2356,82,E P,2356,2386,55,x"; text = "¶úMk¨¢³óWfO`UD ";
null
2.4555092
XXX - proc_tm = "0.079"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "2.494"; date = "20190920_10:02:03.507"; host = "APS-15"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=0&f1=5&f2=5&f3=9&f4=15&f5=7&f6=13&f7=14&f8=3&f9=5&f10=7&f11=7&f12=13&f13=14&f14=7&f15=3&f16=15&f17=12&f18=5&f19=5&f20=1&f21=6&f22=5&f23=7&f24=13&f25=3&f26=5&f27=12&f28=14&f29=5&f30=0&f31=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,66,63,x P,66,186,94,a P,186,286,80,z P,286,336,86,e P,336,396,75,n P,396,516,75,E P,516,586,64,G P,586,616,76,! P,616,686,73,m P,686,796,89,I P,796,946,73,N P,946,1046,52,E P,1046,1146,37,k P,1146,1196,79,n P,1196,1256,74,b P,1256,1346,77,e P,1346,1456,77,l P,1456,1516,88,H P,1516,1606,86,^ P,1606,1696,80,o P,1696,1786,67,d P,1786,1836,86,H P,1836,1896,78,n P,1896,1986,80,E P,1986,2066,75,m P,2066,2116,85,I P,2116,2216,72,T P,2216,2296,61,k P,2296,2386,90,I P,2386,2476,63,x"; text = "
null
1.6195914
XXX - proc_tm = "0.125"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "1.538"; date = "20200603_18:52:24.959"; host = "APS-9"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=0&f1=3&f2=1&f3=1&f4=1&f5=10&f6=15&f7=14&f8=7&f9=5&f10=5&f11=5&f12=13&f13=3&f14=12&f15=14&f16=14&f17=8&f18=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,66,53,x P,66,116,70,E P,116,176,70,m P,176,216,73,^ P,216,266,67,n P,266,366,74,O P,366,416,29,v P,416,496,60,J P,496,536,48,b P,536,586,81,e P,586,646,57,G P,646,696,67,! P,696,746,59,t P,746,786,86,! P,786,866,67,n P,866,966,88,H P,966,1016,61,n P,1016,1076,62,E P,1076,1136,66,m P,1136,1176,80,I P,1176,1256,77,T P,1256,1346,54,k P,1346,1456,91,W P,1456,1486,71,! P,1486,1516,40,x"; text = "@i@_ShLB~YK ";
null
2.0375502
XXX - proc_tm = "0.079"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "1.979"; date = "20191027_10:59:03.404"; host = "APS-8"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=13&f1=5&f2=12&f3=8&f4=7&f5=8&f6=9&f7=15&f8=9&f9=8&f10=7&f11=5&f12=5&f13=7&f14=5&f15=6&f16=5&f17=3&f18=5&f19=13&f20=7&f21=0&f22=0&f23=0&f24=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,46,36,x P,46,126,79,E P,126,176,78,H P,176,226,81,l P,226,296,85,u P,296,386,63,n P,386,466,77,W P,466,496,76,! P,496,576,73,z P,576,636,91,e P,636,686,28,d P,686,746,71,j P,746,786,88,i P,786,866,87,u P,866,936,70,n P,936,1046,90,^ P,1046,1126,66,N P,1126,1186,73,! P,1186,1236,49,G P,1236,1276,74,! P,1276,1336,57,d P,1336,1386,81,! P,1386,1446,66,m P,1446,1556,83,I P,1556,1626,56,y P,1626,1696,65,n P,1696,1956,50,x"; text = "å,nJRò`ShLB~Y ";
null
1.9930606
XXX - proc_tm = "0.095"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "2.001"; date = "20191027_10:59:05.168"; host = "APS-19"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=0&f1=9&f2=13&f3=11&f4=12&f5=4&f6=4&f7=4&f8=7&f9=7&f10=15&f11=15&f12=13&f13=13&f14=13&f15=13&f16=4&f17=7&f18=7&f19=7&f20=5&f21=9&f22=9&f23=11&f24=1&f25=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,76,54,x P,76,146,85,s P,146,196,83,E P,196,286,88,R P,286,366,77,D P,366,406,90,! P,406,446,79,n P,446,606,95,c P,606,676,51,n P,676,716,67,D P,716,756,87,r P,756,826,72,n P,826,926,94,i P,926,966,52,n P,966,1036,8,t P,1036,1076,57,d P,1076,1236,82,E P,1236,1296,86,y P,1296,1386,88,c P,1386,1436,78,n P,1436,1476,89,a P,1476,1556,77,n P,1556,1626,78,N P,1626,1696,93,a P,1696,1776,89,s P,1776,1836,93,j P,1836,1886,92,r P,1886,1946,88,O P,1946,1976,63,x"; text = "ÕnBhgÓüëò~WF ";
null
2.18204
XXX - proc_tm = "0.085"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "2.296"; date = "20191027_10:59:05.766"; host = "APS-14"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=15&f1=15&f2=15&f3=13&f4=11&f5=11&f6=3&f7=12&f8=6&f9=4&f10=1&f11=1&f12=1&f13=0&f14=0&f15=0&f16=9&f17=9&f18=13&f19=5&f20=5&f21=15&f22=1&f23=9&f24=3&f25=5&f26=0&f27=0&f28=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,46,73,x P,46,216,92,i P,216,246,72,n P,246,326,84,E P,326,416,83,r P,416,486,75,m P,486,536,79,l P,536,626,68,d P,626,756,91,c P,756,806,52,n P,806,856,68,b P,856,1006,73,O P,1006,1056,7,t P,1056,1316,0,x P,1316,1346,29,d P,1346,1466,76,j P,1466,1506,73,k P,1506,1556,85,E P,1556,1596,80,n P,1596,1716,94,I P,1716,1766,87,i P,1766,1816,85,O P,1816,1946,85,z P,1946,2006,80,m P,2006,2096,91,a P,2096,2136,82,v P,2136,2276,66,x"; text = "ÆìÓ_Bh¿LW~Y ";
null
2.5169244
XXX - proc_tm = "0.096"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "2.633"; date = "20191027_10:59:07.536"; host = "APS-4"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=12&f1=12&f2=5&f3=9&f4=11&f5=11&f6=7&f7=1&f8=7&f9=5&f10=5&f11=11&f12=6&f13=15&f14=15&f15=7&f16=7&f17=7&f18=15&f19=1&f20=7&f21=9&f22=15&f23=8&f24=14&f25=14&f26=6&f27=7&f28=5&f29=2&f30=7&f31=7&f32=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,36,79,x P,36,146,83,T P,146,196,89,a P,196,246,55,d P,246,326,83,j P,326,426,87,r P,426,486,75,n P,486,636,83,O P,636,736,75,n P,736,896,90,I P,896,946,60,n P,946,996,74,G P,996,1046,82,r P,1046,1106,73,d P,1106,1216,84,i P,1216,1246,52,n P,1246,1276,70,D P,1276,1456,71,n P,1456,1486,72,t P,1486,1536,83,i P,1536,1586,81,O P,1586,1636,76,N P,1636,1736,72,z P,1736,1776,69,D P,1776,1856,83,i P,1856,1966,92,W P,1966,2086,39,k P,2086,2136,73,E P,2136,2206,67,d P,2206,2236,83,E P,2236,2296,77,n P,2296,2346,87,a P,2346,2446,80,F P,2446,2486,87,E P,2486,2586,77,N P,2586,2616,44,x"; text = "JRò`BhgKâWfoDQ~[ ";
null
1.8285708
XXX - proc_tm = "0.123"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "1.740"; date = "20190920_09:57:17.096"; host = "APS-9"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=0&f1=12&f2=14&f3=14&f4=7&f5=3&f6=5&f7=5&f8=7&f9=13&f10=6&f11=6&f12=13&f13=11&f14=1&f15=5&f16=5&f17=7&f18=5&f19=0&f20=0&f21=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,56,63,x P,56,156,86,l P,156,286,92,k P,286,366,82,n P,366,406,88,e P,406,496,84,m P,496,646,94,a P,646,716,80,n P,716,786,83,y P,786,916,54,t P,916,966,91,E P,966,1026,91,r P,1026,1076,90,O P,1076,1206,95,I P,1206,1336,95,a P,1336,1456,83,N P,1456,1566,89,a P,1566,1716,71,x"; text = "TïnMkKD~Y ";
null
1.6798362
XXX - proc_tm = "0.06"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "1.699"; date = "20200603_18:52:25.720"; host = "APS-15"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=15&f1=15&f2=15&f3=3&f4=5&f5=7&f6=7&f7=12&f8=6&f9=6&f10=6&f11=14&f12=5&f13=5&f14=15&f15=9&f16=9&f17=3&f18=5&f19=12&f20=0&f21=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,46,62,x P,46,136,87,i P,136,166,82,n P,166,216,85,i P,216,296,79,m P,296,406,94,I P,406,516,78,N P,516,616,77,l P,616,856,53,t P,856,936,72,G P,936,966,85,i P,966,1006,81,n P,1006,1116,96,I P,1116,1176,87,i P,1176,1216,87,r P,1216,1356,85,z P,1356,1406,80,m P,1406,1496,92,I P,1496,1596,79,T P,1596,1676,61,x"; text = "ÝMk¿LW~Y ";
null
1.6718361
XXX - proc_tm = "0.127"; db_tm = "0"; q_tm = "0"; audio_duration = "1.565"; date = "20190920_09:56:42.997"; host = "APS-2"; kbps = "48"; khz = "22050"; lip_string = "f0=0&f1=13&f2=5&f3=1&f4=1&f5=13&f6=13&f7=0&f8=15&f9=15&f10=5&f11=5&f12=12&f13=5&f14=7&f15=5&f16=0&f17=0&f18=0&f19=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1"; timed_phonemes = "P,0,56,68,x P,56,116,80,E P,116,176,81,H P,176,336,85,O P,336,506,74,E P,506,546,24,n P,546,636,7,x P,636,676,49,d P,676,766,75,e P,766,856,71,^ P,856,896,73,