trayectoria en ingles

8/10/2019 Trayectoria en Ingles

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Crime Scene Processing SeriesCrime Scene Processing Series

TRAJECTORYTRAJECTORYANALYSISANALYSIS

New Mexico State PoliceNew Mexico State Police

Criminal Investigations SectionCriminal Investigations Section

Crime Scene TeamCrime Scene Team


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Analsis!Analsis!

Any type of analysis that weAny type of analysis that wedo is based on the scienticdo is based on the scientic

method.method.

The scientic method is aThe scientic method is a

dened process used todened process used toresolve complex problems.resolve complex problems.


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Dene theproblem orquestion.

Collectinformation/data

to resolve theproblem.

Posit ahypothesis.

each aconclusion.

Test thehypothesis.

!r"ani#e theinformation.

Scienti"c Met#o$Scienti"c Met#o$


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Analsis an$ Crime SceneAnalsis an$ Crime Scene

Reconstr%ctionReconstr%ction $n wor%in" to establish &what happened'($n wor%in" to establish &what happened'(

we are attemptin" to describe a series ofwe are attemptin" to describe a series ofevents) however' many times we will notevents) however' many times we will not

be able to determine everythin" thatbe able to determine everythin" thathappened within that series.happened within that series. *e can only "ive the best explanation of*e can only "ive the best explanation of

the series of events based on the datathe series of events based on the data

that is available) and we are always openthat is available) and we are always opento revisin" our analysis when presentedto revisin" our analysis when presentedwith new data.with new data.


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Reconstr%ctionReconstr%ction

In Reconstr%ction& we are tringIn Reconstr%ction& we are tringto '%t toget#erto '%t toget#er()AT()AT#a''ene$& not ()Y it #a''ene$*#a''ene$& not ()Y it #a''ene$*

In Crime Scene Reconstr%ction&In Crime Scene Reconstr%ction&

we onl $oc%ment w#at can +ewe onl $oc%ment w#at can +e

'roven em'iricall*'roven em'iricall* +ase$ on o+servation an$+ase$ on o+servation an$

ex'erimentationex'erimentation


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Tra,ector AnalsisTra,ector Analsis

Analysis of the path of a bullet' whileAnalysis of the path of a bullet' while

in +i"htin +i"ht

$t,s a snapshot in time$t,s a snapshot in time $t demonstrates the relationship$t demonstrates the relationship

between a rearm and the tar"etbetween a rearm and the tar"et


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TerminologTerminolog

Perforate - to pass all the wayPerforate - to pass all the way

throu"hthrou"h Penetrate - to enter and stay inPenetrate - to enter and stay in

Primary impact - the rst impactPrimary impact - the rst impact

econd' third' etc. impacts impactsecond' third' etc. impacts impactsafter the rstafter the rst


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Ca%tionsCa%tions

0ullets travel in curved lines0ullets travel in curved lines 1owever' we approximate the bullet,s1owever' we approximate the bullet,s

path with a strai"ht linepath with a strai"ht line

2ou must consider many thin"s2ou must consider many thin"s icochetsicochets De+ectionsDe+ections

3ariations in surfaces3ariations in surfaces $ntervenin" !b4ects$ntervenin" !b4ects The pitch and yaw of movin" vehiclesThe pitch and yaw of movin" vehicles The biomechanics of the human bodyThe biomechanics of the human body


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Ot#er Ca%tionsOt#er Ca%tions

2our %nowled"e of the rearm2our %nowled"e of the rearm 54ection patterns54ection patterns tipplin" patternstipplin" patterns

Powder ammunition loadsPowder ammunition loads 1ei"ht 6 wei"ht of the1ei"ht 6 wei"ht of the

hooter7s8hooter7s83ictim7s83ictim7s8

9ot all people re "uns the same9ot all people re "uns the samewayway Trainin" 6 experienceTrainin" 6 experience

:urniture 6 vehicles can be moved:urniture 6 vehicles can be moved


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True tra4ectory ; C1T =$95

Straig#t vs* C%rve$Straig#t vs* C%rve$

Tra,ectorTra,ector

A bullet,s true +i"ht path is aparabola' or curved line.

*e approximate the +i"ht path byusin" a strai"ht line.


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-./ P#ases o0 1allistics-./ P#ases o0 1allistics

$nternal 5xternal Terminal

?. $nternal 0allistics@ $nside the rearm

. 5xternal 0allistics@ 0etween the rearm 6

the tar"et

-./ i+l S#-./ P i+l S#


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-./ Possi+le S#ooter-./ Possi+le S#ooter

Position 2onesPosition 2ones

MostPro+a+le

Possi+le&+%t

Aw3war$

Im'ossi+le

2ONE 4 5 Most Pro+a+le 2ONE 6 5 Possi+le& +%t Aw3war$

2ONE . 7 Im'ossi+le


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8orces Acting on a 1%llet in8orces Acting on a 1%llet in

8lig#t8lig#t

$nertia$nertia

>ravity>ravity

:riction 7air:riction 7air

resistance8resistance82aw2aw


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Can Assist in AnsweringCan Assist in Answering

9%estions:9%estions:

9umber of participants9umber of participants

=ocation of participants=ocation of participants

Position /orientation of participantsPosition /orientation of participants

9umber and types of rearms9umber and types of rearms

Direction of bullet pathsDirection of bullet paths equences of eventsequences of events


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;evises %se$ to


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E>%i'ment T#at Yo% (illE>%i'ment T#at Yo% (ill

Nee$Nee$

ods' cones and washersods' cones and washers

An"le nderAn"le nder

ProtractorsProtractors

Colored strin" and eyeletsColored strin" and eyelets

ibbons / colored post-it notesibbons / colored post-it notes TripodTripod


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E>%i'ment T#at Yo% (illE>%i'ment T#at Yo% (ill

Nee$Nee$

Tape measuresTape measures

Chal% line 6 plumb bobChal% line 6 plumb bob

cientic calculatorcientic calculator

=aser=aser

=adders=adders CamerasCameras


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In0ormation Yo% (illIn0ormation Yo% (ill

Nee$Nee$

Approximate location of theshooter7s8

Approximate location of theApproximate location of thevictim7s8victim7s8

9umber of shots red 6 the9umber of shots red 6 the

sequencesequence Types of weapons 6 calibersTypes of weapons 6 calibers


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Two Points o0 Re0erenceTwo Points o0 Re0erence

Pro4ectile paths are most accuratelyPro4ectile paths are most accuratelydetermined when the pro4ectile hasdetermined when the pro4ectile has

passedpassed throu"h two or more solidthrou"h two or more solid

surfacessurfaces


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Single Point o0 Re0erenceSingle Point o0 Re0erence

:or a:or a sin"le pointsin"le point' accuracy is' accuracy isdependant upondependant upon

The nature of the material struc%The nature of the material struc%

tyrofoam vs clothin"tyrofoam vs clothin" The thic%ness of the materialThe thic%ness of the material

( thic% foam vs ( thic% foam( thic% foam vs ( thic% foam


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;oc%menting t#e;oc%menting t#e

Tra,ectorTra,ector

!3515AD D$A>AE!3515AD D$A>AE

5=53AT$!9 D$A>AE5=53AT$!9 D$A>AE

5FP=!D5D 3$5* D$A>AE5FP=!D5D 3$5* D$A>AE

7overhead view with walls folded7overhead view with walls folded

down8down8


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Collecting Evi$enceCollecting Evi$ence

A:T5 C15E$CA= T5T$9> A9DA:T5 C15E$CA= T5T$9> A9D

P1!T!>AP1P1!T!>AP1 :$9>5P$9T P!*D5 A9D TAP5:$9>5P$9T P!*D5 A9D TAP5

=$:T D5:5CT=$:T D5:5CT

E$G!$= CAT$9> EAT5$A= B-DE$G!$= CAT$9> EAT5$A= B-D


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At Least Two Points o0At Least Two Points o0

Re0erenceRe0erence


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;OC?MENTATION O8;OC?MENTATION O8


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Entrance @ ExitEntrance @ Exit


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Si$e -lateral/ AngleSi$e -lateral/ Angle


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?'war$ ;ownwar$ Angle?'war$ ;ownwar$ Angle


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AngleAngle


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ElevationsElevations


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ELE


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POSITIONSPOSITIONS


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POSITIONSPOSITIONS

POSITION O8POSITION O8


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POSITION O8POSITION O8


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CALI1ERSCALI1ERS


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MO


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M?22LE ;ISTANCEM?22LE ;ISTANCE

;ETERMINATIONS;ETERMINATIONS These determinations are onlyThese determinations are only

approximations.approximations.

ome variables that can aIect theseome variables that can aIect these

distances are@distances are@ The si#e of the "unThe si#e of the "un

The caliber of the "unThe caliber of the "un

The amount of powder in the cartrid"eThe amount of powder in the cartrid"e ome people reload their cartrid"esome people reload their cartrid"es

$ntermediate ob4ects 7clothin"' etc.8$ntermediate ob4ects 7clothin"' etc.8


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CONTACTCONTACT

0last destruction' tearin" of the s%in or0last destruction' tearin" of the s%in orclothin") soot and powder particles mostlyclothin") soot and powder particles mostlyon the inside of the "arment and/or drivenon the inside of the "arment and/or driveninto the wound.into the wound.

The outline of certain parts of the "un 7i.e.The outline of certain parts of the "un 7i.e.barrel bushin"' front si"hts8 may leave anbarrel bushin"' front si"hts8 may leave animpression on the s%in around the woundimpression on the s%in around the wound

The "ases from the explosion of the pistolThe "ases from the explosion of the pistoltear the s%in and create a ra""ed entrancetear the s%in and create a ra""ed entrancewound.wound.

A stellate 7star shaped8 wound is oftenA stellate 7star shaped8 wound is often

seen in head shots.seen in head shots.


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-


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NEAR CONTACT -47NEAR CONTACT -47

INC)ES/INC)ES/ Dar% soot with dense deposits ofDar% soot with dense deposits of

unburned and partially burnedunburned and partially burned

powder particles are often seenpowder particles are often seen

around the bullet holearound the bullet hole blast destruction is still possible inblast destruction is still possible in

clothin" and even s%in in some casesclothin" and even s%in in some cases

Tattooin"/stipplin" 7unburned "unTattooin"/stipplin" 7unburned "unpowder becomin" imbedded under thepowder becomin" imbedded under the

s%in8 is often seen on the s%ins%in8 is often seen on the s%in

. D INC)ES 8ROM T)E


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.7D INC)ES 8ROM T)E.7D INC)ES 8ROM T)E

TARBETTARBET ome medium to li"ht "ray soot'ome medium to li"ht "ray soot'

with a rou"hly circular pattern' or awith a rou"hly circular pattern' or a

distribution of powder particles maydistribution of powder particles may

be seen around the bullet hole.be seen around the bullet hole.

tipplin" is still possible'tipplin" is still possible'

particularly with dense and/or poorlyparticularly with dense and/or poorlyburnin" powders.burnin" powders.

# $ #i 3 #i(# $ #i 3 #i


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(#at $o o% t#in3 t#is(#at $o o% t#in3 t#is

$istance mig#t +e$istance mig#t +e

D 6 C S OD 6 INC)ES 8ROM T)E


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D76 INC)ES 8ROM T)ED76 INC)ES 8ROM T)E

TARBETTARBET 9o soot is visible9o soot is visible

There will be a widely dispersed patternThere will be a widely dispersed pattern

of powder particles' often looselyof powder particles' often loosely

adherin" to the receivin" surfaceadherin" to the receivin" surfaceA circular pattern of powder can beA circular pattern of powder can be

seen at closer distances' but theseen at closer distances' but the

circular pattern may become poorlycircular pattern may become poorlydened to nonexistent at "reaterdened to nonexistent at "reater

distances.distances.


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.7 8EET OR BREATER.7 8EET OR BREATER

9o soot or circular rin"s of9o soot or circular rin"s of

powder are presentpowder are present

0ullet wipin" may be present0ullet wipin" may be presentaround the mar"in of the entryaround the mar"in of the entry

side of the bullet hole re"ardlessside of the bullet hole re"ardless

of ran"eof ran"e


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CONCL?SIONCONCL?SION

T15 AD3A9TA>5 !: P12$CA=T15 AD3A9TA>5 !: P12$CA=

53$D59C5 AT 1!!T$9> C59553$D59C5 AT 1!!T$9> C595

$ T1AT $T CA9 05

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