traduccion de corrosion

7/27/2019 Traduccion de Corrosion

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158. inhibitor. A substance That retards some specific chemical reaction, for

example, corrosion. Pickling inhibitors retard the dissolution of metal without

Hindering the removal of scale from steel.

159. intergranular corrosion. Corrosion occurring preferentially at grain

boundaries, usually we with slight or negligible attack on the adjacent grains.

160. intergranular stress-corrosion cracking (IGSCC). Stress-corrosion cracking InWhich Occurs cracking along the grain boundaries.

161. interrupted-current plating. Plating In Which the flow of current is

discontinued for short periodic intervals to Decrease anode polarization and elevate

the critical current density. It is Most Commonly used in cyanide copper plating.

162. ion carburizing. A method of surface hardening in Which Carbon ions are

diffused into a workpiece in a vacuum through the use of high-voltage electrical

energy. Synonymous with plasma carburizing carburizing or glow-discharge.

163. ion implantation. The process of modifying the physical or chemical properties

of the near surface of a solid (target) by embedding it into Appropriate atoms from a

beam of ionized particles.

164. ion nitriding. A method of surface hardening in Which nitrogen ions arediffused into a workpiece in a vacuum through the use of high-voltage electrical

energy. Synonymous with plasma nitriding or glow-discharge nitriding.

165. ion plating. A generic term applied to atomistic film-deposition processes in

Which the substrate surface and / or the depositing film is subjected to a flux of

high-energy particles (usually gas ions) Sufficient to cause changes in the

interfacial region or film properties.

166. knife-line attack. Intergranular corrosion of an alloy, usually we stabilized

stainless steel, along a line adjoining or in contact with a weld after heating into the

sensitization temperature range.

L

167. lapping. A finishing operation using fine abrasive grits into a lapping loaded:

such as cast iron materials. Provides Lapping major refinements in the workpiece

Including extreme accuracy of dimension, correction of minor imperfections of

shape, refinement of surface finish, and close fit Between mating surfaces.

168. laser alloying. See laser surface processing.

169. Laser beam welding (LBW). A welding process produces coalescent That cence

of materials With The heat Obtained from the application of a Concentrated

coherent light beam impinging upon the joint. 170. laser hardening. A surface-hardening process That Uses a laser to quickly heat

a surface. Heat conduction into the interior of the part will quickly cool the surface,

leaving a shallow martensitic layer.

171. laser melting. See laser surface processing.

172. Laser surface processing. The use of lasers to modify the metallurgical

structure of a surface and to tailor the surface properties without adversely

affecting, the bulk properties. The surface modification can take the Following three

forms. The first is transformation surface hardening in Which to So THAT is heated

thermal diffusion and solid-state transformations can take place. The second is

surface melting, que results in a refinement of the structure due to the rapid

quenching from the melt. The third is surface (laser) alloying, In Which alloying

elements are added to the melt pool to change the composition of the surface. The



novel structures produced by laser surface melting and alloying can exhibit

improved electrochemical and tribological behavior.

173. liquid carburizing. Surface hardening of steel by immersion into a molten bath

Consisting of cyanides and other salts.

174. liquid honing. Producing a finely polished finish by directing an emulsion

chemical airejected container containing fine abrasive against the surface to befinished.

175. liquid nitriding. A method of surface hardening in Which nitrogen-bearing

molten, fused-salt baths Both container containing cyanides and cyanates are

exposed to parts at subcritical temperatures.

176. nitrocarburizing liquid. A nitrocarburizing process (where Both Carbon and

nitrogen are absorbed into the surface) utilizing liquid molten salt baths below the

lower critical temperature.

177. localized corrosion. Corrosion at discrete sites, for example, crevice corrosion,

pitting, and stress-corrosion cracking.

178. low-stress abrasion. A form of abrasion in low contact relativamente Which

Pressures on the abrading particles or protuberances only cause fine scratches andmicroscopic cutting chips to be produced.

179. lubricant. (1) Any substance interposed Between Two surfaces in relative

motion for the purpose of Reducing the friction or wear Between them. (2) Material

applied to dies, molds, plungers, or workpieces That Promotes the flow of metal, you

reduce friction and wear , and aids in the release of the finished part.lubrication.

The reduction of frictional resistance and wear, or other forms of surface

deterioration, between two load-bearing surfaces by the application of a lubricant.

180. luster finish. A bright, as-rolled finish, produced on ground metal rolls, it is

suitable for decorative painting or plating, but usually must undergo additional

preparation surface after forming.

M

181. matte finish. (I) A dull texture produced by rolling sheet strip or rolls Between

That Have Been roughened by blasting. (2) A dull finish characteristic of some

electrodeposits,: such as cadmium or tin.

182. mechanical plating. Wherein Plating metal fine powders are peened onto the

work by tumbling or other means. The process is used Primarily to Provide ferrous

parts with coatings of zinc, cadmium, tin, and alloys of These metals in various

combinations. 183. mechanical polishing. A That process yields a specularly reflecting surface

Entirely by the action of machining tools, que usually we are the points of abrasive

particles suspended in a liquid Among the fibers of a polishing cloth.

184. metallizing. Forming a metallic coating by spraying atomized with molten

metal or by vacuum deposition. Also called metalliz spray-ing.

185. metal spraying. Metal Coating by spraying molten metal objects against Their

surfaces. See also thermal spraying.



N

186. nitriding. Introducing nitrogen into the surface layer of a solid ferrous alloy by

holding at a suitable temperature (below Ac1 for ferritic steels) in contact with a

nitrogenous material usually we ammonia or molten cyanide of Appropriate

composition. Quenching is not required to produce a hard case. See also brightnitriding and liquid nitriding.

187. nitrocarburizing. Any of several processes in Which Both nitrogen andcarbon

are absorbed into the surface layers of a ferrous materials at temperatures below

the lower critical temperature and, by diffusion, create a concentration gradient.

Primarily Nitrocarburizing is performed to Provide an antiscuffing surface layer

and to Improve fatigue resistance.Compare with carbonitriding.

Or

188. oxidation. A corrosion reaction in Which the corroded metal forms an oxide,

usually we applied to reaction with a gas container containing elemental oxygen,:

such as air. Elevated temperatures Increase the rate of oxidation.

189. oxidative wear. (I) A corrosive wear process in Which chemical reaction with

Oxygen or oxidizing environment predominates. (2) A type of wear from the sliding

action Resulting Between Two components That Generates metallic oxide films on

the metal surfaces. These oxide films Prevent the formation of a metallic bond

Between the sliding surfaces, resulting in fine wear debris and low wear rates.

190. oxyacetylene welding. An oxyfuel gas welding process in Which the fuel gas is

acetylene.

191. oxyfuel gas welding (OFW). Any of a group of Processes used to fuse metalstogether by heating them with gas flames Resulting from combustion of a fuel gas

specific: such as acetylene, hydrogen, natural gas, or propane. The process May be

used with or without the application of pressure to the joint, and With Or Without

adding any filler metal.

P

192. pack carburizing. A method of surface hardening of steel in Which parts are

packed in a steel box with a carburizing compound and heated to elevated

temperatures. This process has been Largely supplanted by gas and liquid

carburizing processes.

193. nitriding pack. A method of surface hardening of steel in Which parts are

packed in a steel box with a nitriding compound and heated to elevated

temperatures.

194. passive. (1) A corroding metal under the Control of a surface reaction product.

(2) The state of the metal surface Characterized by low corrosion rates in a

potential region That is Strongly oxidizing for the metal.

195. phosphating. Forming an adherent phosphate coating on a metal by suitable

Aqueous imersion in a phosphate solution. Also called phosphatizing. See also

conversion coating.



196. physical vapor deposition (PVD). A coating process whereby the dep osition

and species are transferred is deposited in the form of single atoms or molecules.

The most common methods are PVD sputtering and evaporation. Sputtering, que is

the main PVD process, Involves the transport of a materials from a source (target)

to a substrate by means of the bombardment of the target by That Have Been gas

ions accelerated by a high voltage. Evaporation, que was the first PVD processused, Involves the transfer of materials to form a coating by physical means alone,

Essentially vaporization. Physical vapor deposition coatings are used to Improve

the wear, friction, and hardness properties of cutting tools and as corrosion-

resistant coatings.

197. pitting. (1) Forming small sharp cavities in a surface by corrosion, wear, or

other mechanically assisted degradation. (2) Localized corrosion of a metal surface,

confined to a point or small area, That Takes the form of cavities.

198. plasma arc welding (PAW). That An arc welding process produces coalescence

of metals by heating them with a constricted arc Between an electrode and the

workpiece (transferred is arc) or the electrode and the constricting nozzle

(nontransferred arc). Shielding is Obtained from hot, ionized gas from an orificeIssuing surrounding the electrode and May be Supplemented by an auxiliary source

of shielding gas, que May be an inert gas or a mixture of gases. Pressure May or

May not be used, and filler metal May or May not be supplied.

199. plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition. A chemical vapor deposition

process That Uses low-pressure glow-discharge plasma deposition to Promote the

chemical reactions. Also called plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition.

200. plasma carburizing. Same as ion carburizing.

201. plasma nitriding. Same as ion nitriding.

202. plasma spraying. A thermal spraying process in Which to nontransferred of a

plasma arc torch is Utilized to create a plasma gas That acts as the source of heat

for melting and propelling the surfacing materials to the substrate.

203. polishing. (1) Smoothing metal surfaces, Often to a high luster, by rubbing the

surface with a fine abrasive, usually we contained in a cloth or other soft lap.

Results in microscopic flow of some surface metal together with actual removal of a

small amount of surface metal. (2) Removal of materials by the action of abrasive

grains Carried to the work by a resilient support, Generally Either a wheel or a

coated abrasive belt. (3) A mechanical, chemical, or electrolytic process or

combination thereof used to prepare smooth, reflective surface suitable for

microstructural examination That is free of artifacts or damage Introduced During

prior sectioning or grinding. See also electropolishing.

204. porcelain enamel. A Substantially vitreous or glassy, inorganic coating(borosilicate glass) bonded to metal by fusion at a temperature above425 0C (800

0F). Porcelain enamels are applied Primarily to components made of sheet iron or

steel, cast iron, aluminum, or aluminum-coated steels.

205. poultice corrosion. A term used in the automotive industry to describe the

corrosion of vehicle body parts due to the collection of road salts and debris on

ledges and in pockets That are kept moist by weather and washing. Also called

deposit corrosion or attack.

206. powder flame spraying. A thermal spraying process variation in Which the

materials to be sprayed is in powder form.

207. precoated metal products. Mill products That have a metallic, organic, or

conversion coating applied to Their surfaces Before They are fabricated into parts.



Q

208. quench hardening. In ferrous alloys, hardening by austenitizing and then

cooling at a rate Such That a substantial businesses amount of austenite

transforms to martensite.

209. quenching. Rapid cooling of metals (often steels) from a suitable elevated

temperature. Generally This is Accomplished by immersion in water, oil, polymer

solution, or salt, although sometimes forced air is used.

R

210. residual stress. (1) The stress existing in a body at rest, in equilibrium, at

uniform temperature, and not subjected to external forces. Often Caused by theforming or thermal processing curing process. (2) An internal stress Depending on

external forces not Resulting from Such factors as cold working, phase changes, or

temperature gradients. (3) Stress present in a body That is free of external forces or

thermal gradients. (4) Stress remaining in a structure or member as a result of

thermal or mechanical treatment or both. Stress Arises in fusion welding Primarily

Because the weld metal contracts on cooling from the solidus to room temperature.

211. robber. An extension Extra cathode or cathode That you reduce the current

density on what would otherwise be a high-current-density area on work being

electroplated.

212. rolling-contact fatigue. Repeated stressing of a solid surface due to rolling

contact Between it and another solid surface or surfaces. Continued rolling-contactfatigue of bearing or gear surfaces May result in rolling-contact damage in the form

of subsurface fatigue cracks and / or materials pitting and spallation.

213. rouge finish. A highly reflective finish Produced with rouge (finely divided,

hydrated iron oxide) or other very fine abrasive, similar in appearance to the bright

polish or mirror finish on sterling silver utensils.

214. rust. A visible corrosion product Consisting of hydrated oxides of iron.Applied

only to ferrous alloys.

S

215. salt fog test. An In Which accelerated corrosion test specimens are exposed to a

fine mist of a solution usually we container containing sodium chloride, but

sometimes modified With Other chemicals. Also known as salt spray test.

216. satin finish. A diffusely reflecting surface finish on metals, lustrous but not

mirrorlike. One type is a butler finish.

217. scaling. Forming a thick layer of oxidation products on metals at high

temperature. Scaling Should be distinguished from rusting, que Involves the

formation of hydrated oxides. See also rust.

218. scoring. (1) The formation of severe scratches in the direction of sliding. (2) The

act of producing a scratch or narrow groove in a surface by Causing a sharp

instrument to move along That surface. (3) The marring or scratching of any metalFormed part by metal pickup on the punch or die.scouring. (I) A wet or dry cleaning



Involving mechanical scrubbing process. (2) A wet or dry mechanical finishing

operation, using fine abrasive and low pressure, Carried out by hand or with a cloth

or wire wheel to produce satin or butler-type finishes.

219. scuffing. (1) Localized damage Caused by the occurrence of solid-phase welding

Between sliding surfaces, Local without surface melting. (2) A mild degree of

galling That results from the welding of asperities due to frictional heat. Thewelded asperities break, Causing surface degradation.

220. seal coat. Material applied to infiltrate the pores of a thermal spray deposit.

221. sealing. Closing pores in anodic coatings to render them less absorbent.

222. seizure. The stopping of relative motion as the result of interfacial friction.

Seizure May be Accompanied by gross surface welding. The term is sometimes used

to denote scuffing.

223. selective leaching. Corrosion in which one element is preferentially removed

from an alloy, leaving a residue (often porous) of the elements That Are more

resistant to the special environment. Also called deal-loying or parting. See also

dezincification and graphitic corrosion.

224. sensitization. In austenitic stainless steels, the precipitation of chromiumcarbides, usually we at grain boundaries, on exposure to temperatures of about 540

to 845 0C (about 1000 to 1550 0F), leaving the grain boundaries depleted of

chromium and THEREFORE susceptible to preferential attack by a corroding

medium. Welding is The most common cause of sensitization. Weld decay

(sensitization) Caused by carbide precipitation in the weld heat-affected zone leads

to intergranular corrosion.

225. shielded metal arc welding (SMAW). That An arc welding process produces

coalescence of metals by heating them With An arc Between a covered metal

electrode and the workpieces. Shielding is Obtained from decomposition of the

electrode covering. Pressure is not used, and filler metal is Obtained from the

electrode. Also Commonly Referred to as stick welding.

226. shot blasting. Blasting with metal shot, usually we used to remove mill scale

deposits or more Rapidly or more Effectively than can be done by sandblasting.

227. shot peening. A method of cold working metals in Which compressive stresses

are induced in the exposed surface layers of parts by the impingement of a stream

of shot, directed at the metal surface at high velocity under controlled conditions.

228. siliconizing. Diffusing silicon into solid metal, usually we low-carbon steels, at

an elevated temperature in order to Improve corrosion or wear resistance.

229. solid lubricant. Any solid or powder used as a thin film on a surface to Provide

protection from damage During relative movement and to reduce friction and wear.

traduccion de corrosion

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