tomo 6 - la mejora asistencial del diabético

8/3/2019 Tomo 6 - La Mejora Asistencial Del Diabtico

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CN @FGDXN

NRLR]FKBLNCMFC MLNH]LBDCn bnclmnm nrlr}fkblnc | cdr zxdexn`nrmf fgdxn fk mlnhf}fr

HLHCLD]FBN MF CN

Bddxmlknmdx

@n}fv Rfev Mnw

RDBLFMNM FRZNDCN MF MLNHF]FR

Exvzd mf ]xnhngd mf Mlnhf}fr | N}fkblk Zxl`nxln 1


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CN @FGDXN NRLR]FKBLNCMFC MLNH]LBD

Cn bnclmnm nrlr}fkblnc | cdr zxdexn`nrmf `fgdxn fk mlnhf}fr

Bddxmlknmdx

@n}fv Rfev Mnw


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Bddxmlknblk Exvzd mf ]xnhngd mf Mlnhf}fr | N}fkblk Zxl`nxln mf cn RdblfmnmFrzndcn mf Mlnhf}fr+ XfmEFMNZR+

Fml}n7

8::< Rdblfmnm Frzndcn mf Mlnhf}fr /RFM,

Zxfl`zxfrlk7 @dkdBd`z# R+ N+Mfzrl}d cfenc7 @->6:5


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Rdblfmnm Frzndcn mf Mlnhf}fr

Gvk}n Mlxfb}lqn

@nkvfc Nevlcnx Mldrmnmd

Zxfrlmfk}f

Cvlr Bnr}nd Edkwcfw

Qlbfzxfrlmfk}f >+

Fmfc`lxd Cvlr @fkkmfw ]dxxf

Qlbfzxfrlmfk}f 8+

Cvbxfbln Ofxxnkw mf cn @dxfknRfbxf}nxln

Nk}dkld Zxfw Zxfw

Qlbfrfbxf}nxld

Gdr @nkvfc Afxkkmfw-Xfnc Cf`dr

]frdxfxd

Rnxn Nx}dcn @fkkmfw

Qdbnc >+

@nxlrdc Xvlw mf Nmnkn

Qdbnc 8+

Nchfx}d @dxfkd Bnxnwd

Qdbnc 2+

Abd+ Gnqlfx Enxbn Rdlmk

Qdbnc =+

Gnqlfx Cna}n ]fgfmdx

Qdbnc 6+


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@n}fv Rfev Mnw

@mlbd mf An`lcln+ VHR Fr Bnr}fcc /@fkdxbn,+ L Hncfnxr+

Axnkblrbd Gnqlfx Enxbn Rdlmk

@mlbd mf An`lcln+ Bfk}xd mf Rncvm mf Zdxxld+ Zdk}fqfmxn+

Gnqlfx Mfw Frzlkd

@mlbd mf An`lcln FNZ mf ]nnccn+ Knqnxxn+

Zxdfrdx Bcklbd Nrdblnmd mf cn Anbvc}nm mf @fmlblkn

mf cn Vklqfxrlmnm mf Knqnxxn+

Gdxef Knqnxxd Zxfw

N}fkblk Zxl`nxln Mfznx}n`fk}d 6 Odrzl}nc Bcklbd

Vklqfxrl}nxld Qncfkbln+

Gdr Gvnk Ncf`k Rkbofw

Frzfblnclr}n fk @fmlblkn An`lclnx | Bd`vkl}nxln+

Bfk}xd mf Rncvm mf ]nbdxdk}f+ Bddxmlknmdx mf cn Vklmnm

mf Bnclmnm mf cn Efxfkbln mf N}fkblk Zxl`nxln+ ]fkfxlf+

Gdr Cvlr ]dxxfr Hnlcf

Frzfblnclr}n fk @fmlblkn An`lclnx | Bd`vkl}nxln

| fk @fmlblkn Zxfqfk}lqn | Rncvm Zhclbn+ Bfk}xd mf Rncvm

Xdmxevfw Zn}fkn+ Cdexdd+

Gdr @nkvfc @lccnxvfcd ]xlccd

@mlbd mf An`lcln+ Bfk}xd mf Rncvm ]dxxfxd Cn Znw+ Wnxnedwn+

XFMEFMNZR+

Q

kmlbf mf nv}dxfr


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@nkfc @n}n Bnrfr

Frzfblnclr}n fk @fmlblkn An`lclnx | Bd`vkl}nxln+

Bfk}xd mf N}fkblk Zxl`nxln Cn @lkn+ Rnk} Nmxl mf Hfrr+Hnxbfcdkn+ Exvz mFr}vml mf cn Mlnhf}lr fk N}fkbl Zxl`xln

/EFMNZR, mf cn BN@ALB+ Xfm EFMNZR+

Zn}l Fwivxxn Cdldcn

@mlbd mf An`lcln+ B+ R+ Wv`nln+ Bd`nxbn Elzvwidn Filncmf+

Drnilmf}wn+

Zfmxd @vdw Bnbod]bklbd mf Rncvm Zhclbn+ Vklmnm Mdbfk}f mf @fmlblkn

An`lclnx | Bd`vkl}nxln mf Rnk}nkmfx+ Bnk}nhxln+

Xnnfc Bdcr Bonbnx}fevl

@mlbd mf An`lcln+ Bfk}xd mf Rncvm mf Rnk}dn+ Bnk}nhxln+

Rfxqlbld Bk}nhxd mf Rncvm+

Xnnfc Xd}nfbof mfc Bn`zd@mlbd mf An`lcln+ B+ R+ Ncwn+ Bd`nxbn Elzvwidn Filncmf+

Drnilmf}wn+

Cn `fgdxn nrlr}fkblnc mfc mlnh}lbd

Cn bnclmnm nrlr}fkblnc | cdr zxdexn`nr mf `fgdxn fk mlnhf}fr

QL


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QLL

kmlbf mf bnz}vcdr

Mf cn nrlr}fkbln nc mlnh}lbd n cdr zxdexn`nr

mf `fgdxn mf cn bnclmnm

Zxcded

@n}fv Rfev Mnw

>

Cn dzdx}vklmnm mf `fgdxn fk cn nrlr}fkbln

mlnhf}dcelbn

Nrzfb}dr `f}dmdcelbdr

Gdxef Knqnxxd# Zfmxd @vdw# Xnnfc Bdcr

5

Dhgf}lqdr mf cn `fgdxn bdk}lkvnmn

fk fc mlnh}lbd

Fr}kmnxfr f lkmlbnmdxfr

@n}fv Rfev Mnw# Gdr Cvlr ]dxxfr Hnlcf# Gnqlfx Mfw Frzlkd

25

Mf cn qnxlnhlclmnm nrlr}fkblnc n cnr evnr

mf zxb}lbn bcklbn fk mlnhf}fr

Xnnfc Xd}nfbof mfc Bn`zd# Zn}l Fwivxxn Cdldcn

12


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QLLL

Rlr}f`nr mf xfelr}xd mf cn lkadx`nblk

mfc mlnh}lbd

Cn dxenklwnblk nrlr}fkblnc

Gdr Gvnk Ncf`k Rkbofw# Axnkblrbd Gnqlfx Enxbn Rdlmk

86

Mf cn fmvbnblk mlnhf}dcelbn

nc f`zdufx`fk} mfc mlnh}lbd

Cnr nrdblnbldkfr mf mlnh}lbdr

@n}fv Rfev Mnw# Gdr @nkvfc @lccnxvfcd ]xlccd

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@n}fv Rfev Mnw

NVK^VFznxfwbn vkn dhqlfmnm }fkfx zxdfrldkncfr rnkl}nxldrhlfk dx`nmdr fk mlnhf}dcden kd fr enxnk}n mf fgdx n}fk-blk kl mf `n|dx rn}lrnbblk mfc mlnh}lbd+ Zvfr rl onhcn`dr mf

bnclmnm mf cn n}fkblk mfc mlnh}lbd zvfmfk flr}lx d}xdr nb}dxfr#

nc nxefk mf cn dx`nblk blfk}abd }bklbn mfc zxdfrldknc# ~vf#

bd`d qncdxfr nnmlmdr# lkv|nk rl bnhf `r fk cdr fr}kmnxfr mfbnclmnm nm`l}lmdr | ~vf lkbcvrd rfnk bnznbfr mf `fgdxnx fk

`n|dx exnmd cn bnclmnm mf qlmn | cn rn}lrnbblk mfc znblfk}f+

Fr zdx fccd ~vf fc bdkbfz}d mf bnclmnm fk cn n}fkblk ~vf rf mn nc

mlnh}lbd zvfmf vb}vnx mfrmf }f`nr dxenklwn}lqdr# n cnr evnr mf

zxb}lbn bcklbn# mfrmf fc }lf`zd ~vf mfmlbn`dr n cn bdkrvc}n mfc

mlnh}lbd n cnr md}fr bd`vklbn}lqnr mf cdr rnkl}nxldr+++ Nr# nrzfb-

}dr bd`d cn bdk}lkvlmnm nrlr}fkblnc# fk}fkmlmn bd`d }xnrfxfkbln

mf lkdx`nblk | cn bddxmlknblk fk}xf klqfcfr# d cn lk}fexnclmnm#

bd`d qnxlfmnm mf rfxqlbldr ~vf rf dfx}nk# rfxnk vknr mf }nk}nr bn-

xnb}fxr}lbnr ~vf mfaklxnk fr}f bdkbfz}d+ Zdx }nk}d# n zxldxl kdr

mn`dr bvfk}n ~vf fc bdkbfz}d mf bnclmnm nzclbnmd n fkfx`fmn-

mfr bxklbnr kd mfgn mf rfx vk nrvk}d xfnc`fk}f bd`zclbnmd+

\ fr ~vf flr}fk exnk bnk}lmnm mf bdkbfz}dr fk bdk}lkvn fqd-

cvblk ~vf bxfnk mlfxfkblnr fk fc mlr}lk}d nhdxmngf | `nkfgd mf

>

Mf cn nrlr}fkblnnc mlnh}lbdn cdr zxdexn`nr mf

`fgdxn mf cn bnclmnmZxcded


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cn fkfx`fmnm | ~vf mn bd`d xfrvc}nmd vkn exnk qnxlnhlclmnm fk

cn n}fkblk mfc mlnh}lbd+ Qnxlnhlclmnm ~vf kd rf `nklafr}n rdcd

fk cdr nrzfb}dr bcklbdr d `f}nhclbdr# rlkd ~vf zvfmf `nklfr-}nxrf fk fc mlr}lk}d }xn}d ~vf xfblhf fc znblfk}f# fk rv exnmd mf rn-

}lrnbblk# | cn zdr}xf fk fc mlfxfk}f bdkrv`d mf xfbvxrdr ~vf rf

onbf znxn fc `nkfgd | }xn}n`lfk}d mf cn fkfx`fmnm+

]nc qfw rfn zdx fccd ~vf }dmdr fr}n`dr mf nbvfxmd ~vf fc dhgf-

}lqd mf cn bnclmnm mf cn n}fkblk kd mfhfxn rfx d}xd ~vf `fgdxnx

cn n}fkblk mfc fkfx`d# | mf no ~vf }dmd cd ~vf xfmvkmf fk fr-

}nkmnxlwnx nb}vnbldkfr# nbdx}nx zxdbfrdr nrlr}fkblncfr# `fgdxnxcdr blxbvl}dr+++ lxk fkbn`lknmd n fr}f zxdzrl}d+ Mfk}xd mf cn fr-

}nkmnxlwnblk mf nb}vnbldkfr kd bnhf mvmn ~vf cn mlvrlk mf cn

lkdx`nblk blfk}labd}bklbn fk dx`n mf evnr d zxd}dbdcdr# cn

dx`nblk bdk}lkvnmn# mlr`lkvlx cn qnxlnhlclmnm fk cn zxb}lbn

bcklbn9 | ~vf cn fqncvnblk mf cn nb}lqlmnm xfnclwnmn `fmlnk}f cn

nzclbnblk mf lkmlbnmdxfr bdk rvr bdxxfrzdkmlfk}fr fr}kmnxfr

}fkmfx n vkldx`lwnx cnr nb}vnbldkfr mf cdr rnkl}nxldr+ Zdx }nk}d#

n`hdr rfxnk `}dmdr qclmdr znxn `fgdxnx cn bnclmnm nrlr}fk-blnc mfc mlnh}lbd+

Fr mfblx# mfrmf vk nrzfb}d ecdhnc# zdmxn`dr mfblx ~vf fc bdk-

bfz}d mf bnclmnm }d}nc fk cn n}fkblk nc mlnh}lbd lk}fk}nxn nrf-

evxnx cn ffb}lqlmnm# cn fablfkbln mf cn n}fkblk nr bd`d cn

rn}lrnbblk mf fr}f+ ]nc qfw rfn zdx fccd ~vf fk bnclmnm mfc mln-

h}lbd }lzd 8 /M@8, cd r l`zdx}nk}f kd rfn cn cdkel}vmlknclmnm

mf cn n}fkblk /`mlbd mf bnhfbfxn }dmn cn qlmn, rlkd cn bdk}l-

kvlmnm mf cn n}fkblk ~vf zfx`l}n `nk}fkfx cn `lr`n n}fkblk

lkmfzfkmlfk}f`fk}f mfc zfxrdknc ~vf cd n}lfkmf# nmfbvnkmd cdr

xfelr}xdr bcklbdr# cn dxenklwnblk mf cdr bfk}xdr# cn mfaklblk mf

bd`zf}fkblnr fk fc f~vlzd nrlr}fkblnc | cn bdxxfb}n xfevcnblk

fk}xf klqfcfr nrlr}fkblncfr+ Fc fgf`zcd bcrlbd rfxnk cnr exnkmfr

bnmfknr vc}lknbldkncfr zxlkblzld mf bdkrlr}fkbln d mf vkl-

dx`lmnm ~vf bxfnk xnk~vlblnr ~vf dhclenk n vkn `lr`n l`n-

efk# zxdmvb}dr bd`d @bMdkncm# Rofxn}dk+++



8


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Rf fk}lfkmf# zdx }nk}d# ~vf cn bnclmnm mf cn n}fkblk ~vf rf mn

nc mlnh}lbd rfn vkn kfbfrlmnm mf cn f`zxfrn n cn qfw ~vf vkn kf-

bfrlmnm mfc zxdfrldknc+ Vkn kfbfrlmnm mfc zxdfrldknc ~vf cdrlfk}f vkmn`fk}nc`fk}f fk cn nc}n mf nb}vnclwnblk mf rvr bd-

kdbl`lfk}dr mlnhf}dcelbdr /dx`nblk bdk}lkvnmn,# fk cn dxen-

klwnblk mf cn f`zxfrn rnkl}nxln | fk cdr xfbvxrdr bdk cdr ~vf

bvfk}n /zdx fgf`zcd cn bnxfkbln mf zfxrdknc mf fkfx`fxn# mlf-

}lr}n# zdmcded# xf}lkexnd+++,+ \ nmf`r vkn kfbfrlmnm ~vf fr}

bdkmlbldknmn zdx cn exnk bnk}lmnm mf nrzfb}dr mf cn fkfx`fmnm

n cdr ~vf rf }lfkfk ~vf onbfx xfk}f# }nc fr fc bnrd mf nrzfb}dr

mlnekr}lbdr# zxfqfk}lqdr /zxl`nxln# rfbvkmnxln# }fxblnxln, bd`dmf }xn}n`lfk}d d mf zxd`dblk mf cn rncvm+ Nc `nxefk mf fr}d# fc

bdkbfz}d mf kfbfrlmnm fr} k}l`n`fk}f clenmd nc mf cn mf-

`nkmn ~vf rf efkfxn fk cn n}fkblk nc mlnh}lbd# | nc mf cn

dfx}n ~vf fc rlr}f`n cf onbf | n znx}lx mf n~v mfc zxdmvb}d

~vf rf bdkrlevf# | fr}d rfxn hrlbn`fk}f fc bdkbfz}d mf bnclmnm

fk fc `nkfgd mfc mlnh}lbd+

Fr mfblx# n exnkmfr xnredr cn bnclmnm mf cn efr}lk mfc zxdbfrdnrlr}fkblnc qn k}l`n`fk}f xfcnbldknmd bdk fc exnmd mf bdk}xdc

~vf rf onbf mfc zxdbfrd# bdk cn bnclmnm mf cn n}fkblk xfblhlmn#

bdk cn bnclmnm mf qlmn | n cn zdr}xf bdk fc exnmd mf xfrzdkrnhlcl-

wnblk f`zdkmfxn`lfk}d ~vf onbf fc mlnh}lbd mf rv zxdzln

fkfx`fmnm /nv}dbdk}xdc,+

N znx}lx mf n~v# cnr lk}fxqfkbldkfr ~vf lmfk}la~vfk cdr zxd-

hcf`nr mf bnclmnm fk cn zxb}lbn nrlr}fkblnc dhrfxqnmn# zdx vk

cnmd /lkmlbnmdxfr,9 onenk vkn fqncvnblk bdk}lkvn fk fc }lf`zd

| zxdzdkenk fmlmnr bdxxfb}dxnr rfek bxl}fxldr mf bnclmnm blfk-

}abd }bklbn# zdx d}xn# rfxk cd ~vf mfkd`lkn`dr zxdexn`nr mf

`fgdxn fk cn n}fkblk mlnh}lbd+

Kd fr mf f}xnnx zdx fccd ~vf fk cn mfbcnxnblk mf Rnlk} Qlk-

bfk} >


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~vf lk}fxqlfkfk fk fc `nkfgd mf cn mlnhf}fr /zxdfrldkncfr mf cn

rncvm# znblfk}fr# lkmvr}xln | edhlfxkdr, fk zxdexn`nr mf nbblk

bdkgvk}n bdk cdr ~vf nb}vnx rdhxf fr}n fkfx`fmnm+ N znx}lx mffr}f `d`fk}d# fk kvfr}xd znr# | bdlkblmfk}f bdk cn Xfdx`n mf

N}fkblk Zxl`nxln /XNZ,# rf bxfnxdk zxdexn`nr | zxd}dbdcdr

znxn cn n}fkblk mf fr}dr fkfx`dr# }nc fr fc bnrd mfc Exvz mFr-

}vml mf cn Mlnhf}fr n cN}fkbl Zxl`xln mf Rncv} EFMNZR

~vf mfrmf >


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]dmd fr}f zxdbfrd on qfklmd l`zvcrnmd zdx cnr kvfqnr }fbkd-

cdenr | cdr zxdexn`n lkr}l}vbldkncfr mf n}fkblk n klqfc mf bd-

`vklmnmfr nv}kd`nr | `lklr}fxld mf rnklmnm | bdkrv`d+ Cnlkdx`n}lwnblk mf cn olr}dxln bcklbn# zdx rv znx}f# bdk cn bfk}xn-

clwnblk mf cdr mn}dr bcklbdr# cn nexvznblk mf cdr nb}dr bcklbdr

zdx zxdhcf`nr d fzlrdmldr# | cn lmfk}labnblk mf bn`zdr frzfb-

abdr znxn lkmlbnmdxfr fk fr}nr# onk rvzvfr}d vk znrd bvnk}l}n-

}lqd | bvncl}n}lqd n cn odxn mf lmfk}labnx cn xfnclmnm nrlr}fkblnc mfc

mlnh}lbd+ Cdr zxdexn`nr lkr}l}vbldkncfr fk dx`n mf zcnkfr fr-

}xn}elbdr onk rlmd vk frzncmnxnwd n }dmnr fr}nr lklbln}lqnr znx}l-

bvcnxfr fk zdr mf `fgdxnx cn n}fkblk mf fr}nr zfxrdknr+

Mf }dmd fccd rf onhcn f}fkrn`fk}f fk fr}n zf~vfn `dkdexnn

rdhxf bnclmnm | mlnhf}fr fccl}vr+ Frzfxn`dr ~vf rfn mf rv nexnmd+

Hlhcldexnan

>+ D}fxd N# Rn}vxkd Z# @nx~vf} X+ Enxnk}n | `fgdxn mf cn bnclmnm+ Fk7 N}fkblk

Zxl`nxln+ Bdkbfz}dr# dxenklwnblk | zxb}lbn bcklbn+ 2+ fm+ Fm+ @drh|$Md|`nClhxdr+ Hnxbfcdkn >+

6+ Exvzd mf Fr}vmld mf cn Mlnhf}fr fk cn N}fkblk Zxl`nxln mf Rncvm+ Evn znxn

fc }xn}n`lfk}d mf cn mlnhf}fr 8 fk cn N}fkblk Zxl`nxln+ Fm+ Onxbdvx}+ Hnxbf-

cdkn >


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5+ Ofxkkmfw F# Xdvxn Z# Hfxfkevfx @+ Lkmlbnmdxfr znxn cn fqncvnblk mf cn

bnclmnm mf cn n}fkblk nc mlnh}lbd }lzd 8+ Fmvbnblk Mlnhf}dcelbn zxdf-

rldknc >9 8?/5,7 =?=-=:+ Efxqr G# Zxfw Afxkkmfw @+ Cn olr}dxln bcklbn fcfb}xklbn fk n}fkblk zxl-

`nxln+ Avkmn`fk}d bcklbd# }fxlbd | zxb}lbd+ RF@FXEFK 8:::9 817 >5-28+

>>+ @nlkdvr NE# Iddz`nk XG# Elcc G@# Hnifx X# Zfxrdk UR+ Xfcn}ldkrolz hf}-

uffk bdk}lkvl}| d bnxf nkm mlnhf}fr bdk}xdc7 fqlmfkbf xd` }of ]olxm Kn-}ldknc Ofnc}o nkm Kv}xl}ldk Rvxqf|+ N` G Zvhclb Ofnc}o 8::=9 8+ Edvmrunnxm NK# Cn` I# R}dci XZ# Xv}}fk VF@+ vncl}| d xfbdxmlke d mn}n

xd` zn}lfk}r ul}o }|zf 8 mlnhf}fr lr kd} n qnclm lkmlbn}dx d ~vncl}| d bnxf+

N bxdrr-rfb}ldknc r}vm|+ An` Zxnb} 8::29 8:7 >52-59 8::29 >127 >>?:-1+

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exnc mf Mlnhf}fr mf Nkmncvbn 8::2-8::5+ Gvk}n mf Nkmncvbn+ Rfqlccn 8::2+

>=+ @lklr}fxld mf Rnklmnm | Bdkrv`d+ Fr}xn}feln fk Mlnhf}fr mfc Rlr}f`n Kn-

bldknc mf Rncvm+ @nmxlm 8::5+ VXC7o}}z7$$uuu+`rb+fr$dxenklwnbldk$rkr$zcnkBnclmnmRKR$zm$fbfcfkbln$bvlmnm

drzncln}lqdr-mlnhf}fr$MLNHF]FR$fr}xn}felnTmlnhf}frTrlr}f`nTknbldkncTrncvm+zm+



1


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Gdxef Knqnxxd# Zfmxd @vdw# Xnnfc Bdcr

Fc blbcd mf `fgdxn7 mf cn lmfk}labnblk mf cdr

zxdhcf`nr mf bnclmnm fk cn n}fkblk nc mlnh}lbd

n cn `fgdxn mf cn zxb}lbn nrlr}fkblnc

Znx}l`dr mf cn hnrf mf ~vf cn n}fkblk n cn zdhcnblk bdk mlnhf-}fr zvfmf `fgdxnxrf+ Fc blbcd mf `fgdxn rf lklbln bdk cn lmfk}l-lbnblk mf dzdx}vklmnmfr mf `fgdxn /zvk}dr rvrbfz}lhcfr mf`fgdxnr zd}fkblncfr, d zxdhcf`nr mf bnclmnm /fzlrdmldr ~vf mlr-`lkv|fk cn bnclmnm nrlr}fkblnc,+ Vk zxdhcf`n fr vkn dzdx}vklmnmmf `fgdxn# rl hlfk cn bnclmnm fr vkn qnxlnhcf bdk}lkvn fk bv|n mlr-}xlhvblk on| znx}fr mf nc}n | hngn bnclmnm+ Mlbon qnxlnhlclmnm

qlfkf mf}fx`lknmn zdx fc zxdzld zxdbfrd nrlr}fkblnc7 bvnk}d`n|dx fr cn qnxlnhlclmnm mfc zxdbfrd# `fkdx fr cn bnclmnm | `n|dxfc bdr}f mf rv xfrvc}nmd+

Rdk bnxnb}fxr}lbnr zxdzlnr mf cn n}fkblk zxl`nxln fk xfcnblkn cn bnclmnm> fc n`zcld frzfb}xd mf zxdhcf`nr mf rncvm /bdk vkf}fkrd exvzd mf nb}lqlmnmfr nrlr}fkblncfr mlfxfkblnmnr,# cn nb-bfrlhlclmnm /mf}fx`lknk}f mlxfb}d mf cn rn}lrnbblk,# cn fablfkbln/k}l`n`fk}f xfcnbldknmn bdk cn cl`l}nblk mf xfbvxrdr | fc bdr}fmf cdr rfxqlbldr rnkl}nxldr,# cn bdk}lkvlmnm mf cn n}fkblk /rlr}f-

5

Cn dzdx}vklmnmmf `fgdxnfk cn nrlr}fkbln

mlnhf}dcelbn

Nrzfb}dr `f}dmdcelbdr


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`nr mf xfelr}xd f lkdx`nblk# bddxmlknblk fk}xf klqfcfr nrlr-}fkblncfr, | fc znblfk}f /rvr fzfb}n}lqnr# ~vf kd }lfkf zdx ~v

bdlkblmlx bdk cn n}fkblk ~vf xfblhf,+

Lklbld mfc blbcd mf `fgdxn

Fc Blbcd mf @fgdxn f`zlfwn zdx cn lmfk}labnblk# mfaklblk |zxldxlwnblk mf cnr rl}vnbldkfr `fgdxnhcfr /]nhcn >,+ Cdr mlr}lk-}dr `}dmdr mf nkclrlr rf hnrnk }nk}d fk fc fr}vmld mf cn dzlklkmf cdr znblfk}fr | cdr zxdfrldkncfr bd`d fk fc fr}vmld mfc zxd-bfrd mf cn lk}fxnbblk fk}xf n`hdr8+

Cdr }dmdr hnrnmdr fk fc zxdfrldknc rdk zxlkblznc`fk}f bvn-cl}n}lqdr | exvzncfr | qnk mlxlelmdr n dh}fkfx r lkdx`nblk bdkfc exvzd ~vf bdk cn rv`n mf cnr nzdx}nbldkfr lkmlqlmvncfr+ Mfr}n-bnk fc hxnlkr}xd`lke /d ccvqln mf lmfnr,# fc exvzd kd`lknc mf Mfc-hfb~ | cn }bklbn Mfczol+ ]n`hlk rf zvfmfk lmfk}labnx zxdhcf`nr



?

]nhcn >+ Anrfr mfc Blbcd mf @fgdxn

Anrf >Mf}fbblk

Lmfk}labnx | clr}nx rl}vnbldkfr `fgdxnhcfr+Zxldxlwnxcnr+

Nrleknx xfrzdkrnhlclmnmfr | mfaklx f~vlzdr mf`fgdxn+

Anrf 8Nkclrlr

Nknclwnx cnr bnvrnr+Bdkrlmfxnx zdrlhcfr rdcvbldkfr+Frbdefx cnr rdcvbldkfr nb}lhcfr+Fr}nhcfbfx `fbnklr`dr mf bdk}xdc+Mf}fb}nx | nknclwnx cnr xfrlr}fkblnr nc bn`hld+

Anrf 2@fgdxn

Nzclbnx cnr rdcvbldkfr+Bdk}xdcnx fc zxdbfrd mf nzclbnblk+Mf}fb}nx | xfznxnx cnr xfrlr}fkblnr nc bn`hld+Bdkrlmfxnx rdcvbldkfr nc}fxkn}lqnr+

Anrf =@dkl}dxlwnblk

Xfqlrnx cdr xfrvc}nmdr+@dkl}dxlwnx+Xflklblnx fc blbcd+


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`fmlnk}f `}dmdr lkmlqlmvncfr# bd`d fczxdhcf` xfzdx}# cn frbv-bon nb}lqn# cn fkbvfr}n mf rn}lrnbblk# fc bxlhnmd hnrnmd fk bxl}f-

xldr# cn `dkl}dxlwnblk d cn dzlklk mf zxdfrldkncfr f}fxkdr+

Cdr `}dmdr hnrnmdr fk cn zfxrzfb}lqn mfc znblfk}f d vrvnxldbd`zxfkmfk cnr fkbvfr}nr mf rn}lrnbblk# fc nkclrlr mf cnr xf-bcn`nbldkfr d rvefxfkblnr# cn frbvbon nb}lqn# cnr fk}xfqlr}nr# fcexvzd dbnc mf mlrbvrlk /`}dmdr exvzncfr `fmlnmdr zdx vk

zxdfrldknc,# cn dhrfxqnblk mlxfb}n | `}dmdr lkmlxfb}dr bd`dfc lkbv`zcl`lfk}d /}fxnzv}lbd d mf qlrl}n,# cdr bn`hldr mf `-

mlbd | fc vrd mf rfxqlbldr nc}fxkn}lqdr+

Zxldxlwnblk mf zxdhcf`nr v dzdx}vklmnmfr

mf `fgdxn

Zxldxlwnx rleklabn frbdefx n~vfccd ~vf onxf`dr zxl`fxd+ Rf xfbd-`lfkmn frbdefx vk k`fxd `fkdx mf zxdhcf`nr | kfbfrlmnmfr flkqfx}lx `r fk cn rdcvblk mf cdr `r l`zdx}nk}fr fk}xf fccdr+ Cnmf}fx`lknblk mf zxldxlmnmfr fr vk zxdbfrd mf }d`n mf mfblrld-

kfr# xfbd`fkmkmdrf v}lclwnx `}dmdr exvzncfr d mf bdkrfkrd+

Mf fk}xf cdr mlqfxrdr `}dmdr znxn mf}fx`lknx zxldxlmnmfr#bnhf mlr}lkevlx }xfr7 >, dxmfknblk rl`zcf /zdx lk}vlblk# fr cn~vf bd`zdx}n `n|dx xlfred,9 8, bd`znxnblk zdx znxfgnr /v}lcl-wnkmd vkn `n}xlw ~vf mf}fx`lkn ~v zxdhcf`n on rlmd frbdelmdbd`d `r l`zdx}nk}f fk vk `n|dx k`fxd mf dbnrldkfr,9 | 2,

zxldxlwnblk rfek bxl}fxldr /rf qncdxnk znxn bnmn rl}vnblk vkdrbxl}fxldr d zfrdr zxffr}nhcfblmdr7 `}dmd mf Onkcdk# mf cn zn-xxlccn mf nkclrlr# mf MNXF,+

Nkclrlr mf cnr dzdx}vklmnmfr mf `fgdxn

Onbfx vk mlnekr}lbd nmfbvnmd mf vk zxdhcf`n mf bnclmnm rv-zdkf xnr}xfnx bdk bnc`n rvr bnvrnr+ ]dmd zxd|fb}d mf `fgdxnmfhf bd`zxfkmfx }xfr nrfr7 >, bd`zxfkrlk mf cdr rk}d`nr |mfaklblk mfc zxdhcf`n# 8, dx`vcnx }fdxnr xfrzfb}d n cnr bnv-rnr# | 2, bd`zxdhnblk mf cnr }fdxnr+

Cn dzdx}vklmnm mf fgdxn fk cn nrlr}fkbln mlnhf}dcelbn


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Fc nkclrlr mf cnr bnvrnr kfbfrl}n mf vknr ofxxn`lfk}nr /]n-hcn 8,+ r}nr zvfmfk rfx bvncl}n}lqnr /rlxqfk znxn mfrzcfenx vkn

exnk bnk}lmnm mf lkdx`nblk rdhxf vk zxdhcf`n, d bvnk}l}n}l-qnr /dzfxnk bdk mn}dr kv`xlbdr | nrleknk zfrdr frzfbabdr nbnmn vkn mf cnr bnvrnr,+

Fc r bdkdblmd mf cdr }dmdr bvncl}n}lqdr fr fc mlnexn`n mfbnvrn-ffb}d /mf Lrolinun d mlnexn`n fk frzlkn mf zfrbnmd,/Ale+ >,9 rf v}lclwn znxn qfx cn xfcnblk fk}xf cnr bnvrnr | vk ffb}dd zxdhcf`n+ Fk }dxkd n vk zxdhcf`n frzfbabd /zdx fgf`zcd#

zdhxf zdxbfk}ngf mf znblfk}fr mlnh}lbdr bdk OhN>b 35 &,# rf bcn-xlabnk cdr nb}dxfr ~vf lkv|fk fk fc zxdhcf`n mlr}lkevlfkmd 2-6exnkmfr frzlknr d bn}fedxnr ~vf dbnrldknk cn nznxlblk mfc zxd-hcf`n | `fmlnk}f ccvqln mf lmfnr d mlnexn`n mf naklmnm rf mfr-bxlhfk cnr zf~vfnr frzlknr d bn}fedxnr ~vf mfaknk cnr exnkmfrbn}fedxnr+ Vkn qfw fcnhdxnmd fc mlnexn`n# }dmdr cdr znx}lblznk-}fr fk fc nkclrlr mfhfk xfqlrnx cn nvrfkbln d kd mf ncevkn bnvrn+Fr}f mlnexn`n fr znx}lbvcnx`fk}f }lc n cn odxn mf mf}fx`lknx cdrnb}dxfr lkqdcvbxnmdr fk vk zxdhcf`n# dxfblfkmd cnr rlevlfk}fr



>:

]nhcn 8+ @}dmdr mf lmfk}labnblk mf zxdhcf`nr

v dzdx}vklmnmfr mf `fgdxn

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zxdfrldknc

@}dmdr exvzncfr+Bd`vklbnbldkfr mfc bclfk}f lk}fxkd+Frbvbon nb}lqn mf cn dzlklk mfc zxdfrldknc+@}dmdr mf fqncvnblk znxn lmfk}labnx zxdhcf`nr+@dkl}dxlwnblk bdk lkmlbnmdxfr+Dzlklk mf zxdfrldkncfr f}fxkdr+

Hnrnmdr fk cdr

znblfk}fr

Fkbvfr}nr mf dzlklk | rn}lrnbblk+Nkclrlr mf cnr xfbcn`nbldkfr+

Nkclrlr mf cnr rvefxfkblnr+Frbvbon nb}lqn mf cn dzlklk mfc znblfk}f+Fk}xfqlr}nr+Dhrfxqnblk mlxfb}n+@}dmdr lkmlxfb}dr+


20/190

qfk}ngnr7 rf zvfmf nzclbnx n `v| mlfxfk}fr xfnr# kd fr bvnk}l}n-}lqd | rlk f`hnxed n|vmn n cn dhgf}lqlmnm# | rf zvfmf v}lclwnx nk}fcn hr~vfmn mf vkn bnvrn /zdx ~v rvxef fr}f zxdhcf`n4, d mfvkn rdcvblk /b`d zvfmf xfrdcqfxrf fr}f zxdhcf`n4,+

D}xdr `}dmdr bvncl}n}lqdr rdk fc mlnexn`n mf naklmnm# fc mln-exn`n mf bdkfldkfr# fc mlnexn`n rlr}f`}lbd | fc mlnexn`n mf v-

gdr+ Fk fc mlnexn`n mf naklmnm rf bxfnk }nxgf}nr mf naklmnm /bnmnfcf`fk}d mf mn}d qfxhnc fk vkn }nxgf}n, n znx}lx mf mn}dr qfxhncfr

zxdzvfr}dr fmlnk}f ccvqln mf lmfnr9 cnr }nxgf}nr rf qlkbvcnk zdx exv-zdr+ Fk fc mlnexn`n mf bdkfldkfr rf nknclwnk zxdhcf`nr bv|nrbnvrnr }lfkfk lk}fxxfcnbldkfr bd`zcfgnr+ Fk fc mlnexn`n rlr}f`}lbdd mf xhdc fc zxdhcf`n v dhgf}lqd rf nknclwn fmlnk}f vkn fr}xvb}vxnfk xhdc# bxfnkmd klqfcfr mf frzfblablmnm n znx}lx mf 8-2 bnvrnr`r efkfxncfr+ Fk fc mlnexn`n mf vgd d ZFX] rf f`zcfn vkn xfmmf fbonr znxn xfzxfrfk}nx fc dxmfk mf cdr znrdr mf vk zxdbfrd+


>>

@ncbdk}xdc

ecvb`lbd

Zdhxf fmvbnblkOlr}dxln bcklbn

kd lkdx`n}lwnmnnmfbvnmn`fk}f

Nb}l}vm znrlqn

Nvrfkbln ncfx}nr

Zdhxf lk}fxxfcnblkNvrfkbln

zxd}dbdcdr mfbdkrfkrd

Lkbv`zcl`lfk}d}fxnzv}lbd

Lkfxbln

Bdkrvc}n zxdexn`nmnfkfx`fxn lknmfbvnmn

Kd lmfk}labnblkexvzdr mf xlfred

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bvlmnmdr

Kd nkclrlr mflkmlbnmdxfr

Rlr}f`nr mflkadx`nblkZnblfk}f

Zxdafrldkncfr Dxenklwnblk

Alevxn >+ Mlnexn`n mf bnvrn-ffb}d mf bnvrnr mf nc bdk}xdc ecvb`lbd+


21/190

Fk efkfxnc# cn n|dxn mf cdr zxdhcf`nr mf bnclmnm }lfkfk vknrzdbnr bnvrnr bdk `vbon l`zdx}nkbln fk cn nznxlblk mfc zxd-

hcf`n# | d}xnr `vbonr ~vf znx}lblznk fk `fkdx exnmd+ Rl rf~vlfxf nknclwnx bvk}d lkv|f bnmn vkn mf cnr bnvrnr fk vk mf-}fx`lknmd zxdhcf`n rf xfbvxxf n `}dmdr bvnk}l}n}lqdr /`f-mlnk}f zxdexn`nr fr}nmr}lbdr bd`d fc RZRR,+ Fk fc mlnexn`nmf Znxf}d vk f~vlzd mf `fgdxn nmgvmlbn zfrdr /zdxbfk}ngf mfxfbvfkbln, n bnmn vkn mf cnr bnvrnr ~vf dxlelknk fc zxdhcf`n |mlrfnkmd vkn bvxqn mf xfbvfkblnr+ @fmlnk}f fc mlnexn`n mfmlrzfxrlk rf fr}vmln cn xfcnblk fk}xf mdr qnxlnhcfr bvnk}l}n}l-

qnr9 znxn fc exnmd mf bdxxfcnblk rf v}lclwn fc bdfablfk}f mf bd-xxfcnblk mf Zfnxrdk+

@}dmdr mf `fmlmn mf cn bnclmnm nrlr}fkblnc

nc mlnh}lbd

Cn bnclmnm mf cn n}fkblk n cdr znblfk}fr }lfkf mdr bd`zdkfk}fr

zxlkblzncfr7 cn bnclmnm }bklbn /}fboklbnc ~vncl}|, | cn bnclmnm mffk cn zxfr}nblk mfc rfxqlbld /rfxqlbf ~vncl}|,2+ Cn bnclmnm }bklbn}lfkf bd`d xffxfk}f cnr xfbd`fkmnbldkfr hnrnmnr fk cn fqlmfk-bln mlrzdklhcf fk bnmn `d`fk}d# fc zxdbfml`lfk}d `fgdx fr}n-hcfblmd znxn rv `fmlmn fr cn nvml}dxln bcklbn+ Cn bnclmnm bdk cn~vf rf zxfr}nk cdr rfxqlbldr rf xfafxf n cdr nrzfb}dr kd rnkl}n-xldr mfc bvlmnmd# | xffgnk cn fzfxlfkbln mfc znblfk}f bdk fc rlr-}f`n rnkl}nxld# fr}d lkbcv|f cnr xfcnbldkfr fk}xf fc znblfk}f | cdr

zxdfrldkncfr rnkl}nxldr# bnclmnm mf cnr lkr}ncnbldkfr | mf cdr rfx-qlbldr mf nzd|d# f}b+9 zdx cd }nk}d fr}f c}l`d bd`zdkfk}f mf cnbnclmnm nzdx}n cn zfxrzfb}lqn mfc znblfk}f# fc zxdbfml`lfk}d mf`fmlmn `r v}lclwnmd rf hnrn fk fc f`zcfd mf bvfr}ldknxldr fr-}nkmnxlwnmdr+

Nvml}dxn bcklbn

Cn nvml}dxn bcklbn fr} k}l`n`fk}f clenmn n cn bnclmnm mfc bvl-mnmd `mlbd+ Fc bmled mf On``vxnhl /Ale+ 8,# ~vlw rfn cn zxl-



>8


22/190


>2

Alevxn 8+ Fr}fcn mf mldxl}n mfrbvhlfx}n fk Rvrn /Lxk,# fzvfr}n nb}vnc-

`fk}f fk fc vrfd mfc Cdvqxf+ Bdk}lfkf fk rv rvzfxablf }dmd fc nx}lbvcnmd

gvxmlbd ~vf zxd`vce On``vxnhl fk fc nd >562 n+B+9 fk c nznxfbfk rf-

qfxdr bnr}ledr znxn cnr kfeclefkblnr `mlbnr+


23/190

`fxn xffxfkbln bdkdblmn mf vkdr fr}kmnxfr mf bnclmnm fzcbl-}dr fk fc bvlmnmd mlbd# | cnr `fmlmnr bdxxfb}dxnr ~vf rf nzcl-

bnxnk fk fc bnrd mf kd ncbnkwnxcdr+

Cn nvml}dxn bcklbn cn zdmf`dr mfrbxlhlx bd`d vk zxdbfrd rlr-}f`}lbd# bbclbd | fk frzlxnc+ Fc bnclabn}lqd mf frzlxnc ~vlfxf xf-

zxfrfk}nx cn zxf}fkrlk mf ~vf }xnr bd`zcf}nx bnmn blbcd# rf nc-bnkbf vk klqfc bnmn qfw `r nc}d mf bnclmnm+ Vk mf}nccf l`zdx}nk}ffr ~vf kd fr xfbd`fkmnhcf xfnclwnx rdcn`fk}f vkn nrf mf dx`nnlrcnmn# zdx~vf kd rf dh}fkmxn zxdhnhcf`fk}f klkevkn `fgdxn

fk fc klqfc mf n}fkblk# ~vf fr fc dhgf}lqd ~vf rf zfxrlevf+ Vkn nv-ml}dxn bdxxfb}n`fk}f zcnk}fnmn fr vk zxdbfrd bbclbd# bd`d |nrf on bd`fk}nmd9 zdx cd }nk}d fr zxl`dxmlnc nrfevxnx cn bdk}l-kvlmnm mfc zxdbfrd nk}fr mf lklblnxcd+ Zxdhnhcf`fk}f rfx kfbf-rnxld `nk}fkfxcd mvxnk}f qnxldr blbcdr ~vf zvfmfk bd`zxfkmfxvk zfxldmd mf }lf`zd mf blkbd d mlfw ndr# fk ncevknr xfnr9 d vk}lf`zd nk `r zxdcdkenmd fk d}xnr+ Fr l`zxfrblkmlhcf mlrzd-kfx mf xfbvxrdr znxn fgfbv}nx cnr `fmlmnr bdxxfb}dxnr | `dkl}d-

xlwnx rv fgfbvblk nr bd`d cdr xfrvc}nmdr+

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Rlevlfkmd cn `f}dmdcden zxdzvfr}n zdx fc Kn}ldknc Lkr}l}v}fdx Ofnc}o nkm Bclklbnc Fbfcfkbf /KLBF,1-=


24/190

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zcfnk nmfbvnmn`fk}f# cnr `fgdxnr rfxk lkfxldxfr n cnr frzfxn-mnr d lkflr}fk}fr9 rl zdx fc bdk}xnxld cn `f}dmdcden v}lclwnmn frbdxxfb}n zfxd fc fk}dxkd kd nblcl}n vk rdzdx}f nmfbvnmd# rfx`fkdr zxdhnhcf ~vf cn nvml}dxn }fken l}d+

Cnr blkbd f}nznr rf vfr}xnk fk cn aevxn 2+ N bdk}lkvnblk mfr-bxlhlxf`dr cdr nrzfb}dr `r xfcfqnk}fr mf bnmn vkn mf fccnr+

F}nzn L7 Zxfznxnblk mf cn nvml}dxn+ Fc zxdbfrd rf lklblnfclelfkmd vk }f`n znxn nvml}nx | zdr}fxldx`fk}f xfbdzlcnkmd cnlkdx`nblk xfcfqnk}f rdhxf fc `lr`d+


>6

F]NZN >

Zxfznxnblk mf cn nvml}dxn

F]NZN 8

Rfcfbblk mf bxl}fxldr

F]NZN 2

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F]NZN =

Nzclbnblk mf cnr fmlmnr bdxxfb}dxnr

F]NZN 6

@nk}fkfx cnr fgdxnr

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zfx`nkfbfx n cd cnxed mf }dmd fc zxdbfrd+ Cn nvml}dxn `mlbn l`zclbn fc

f`zcfd mf vkn `f}dmdcden frzfbabn fk bnmn vkn mf cnr nrfr# zfxd }n`-

hlk kfbfrl}n ~vf rf bxff vk fk}dxkd ~vf cn nqdxfwbn znxn ~vf bnmn nrf

zvfmn mfrnxxdccnx }dmd rv zd}fkblnc+

F@ZCFNX@F]DMDCDEN

NZXDZLNMN

BXFNX VKFK]DXKD

ANQDXNHCF


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Cnr rlevlfk}fr zxfevk}nr zvfmfk n|vmnx n rfcfbbldknx fc }f`nbdkrlmfxnmd bd`d zxldxl}nxld7

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Fr vk }f`n ~vf zxfdbvzn n cdr znblfk}fr4

Cn bnclmnm mf cn fqlmfkbln fr hvfkn znxn rvr}fk}nx cdr fr-}kmnxfr4

Znxn xfbdzlcnx cn mdbv`fk}nblk xfcfqnk}f rdhxf fc }f`n rfxkfbfrnxld fkbdk}xnx evnr mf zxb}lbn bcklbn# fr}kmnxfr mf bn-clmnm mf cnr dxenklwnbldkfr mf xffxfkbln fk fc }f`n mf cn nvml-}dxn# bdkrfkrdr lk}fxknbldkncfr# f}b+

Fk fr}n nrf rf mfhf mfaklx fc zxdzrl}d mf cn nvml}dxn+ Znxnmfaklx cdr dhgf}lqdr mf cn nvml}dxn kdr zvfmfk n|vmnx cdr rl-evlfk}fr qfxhdr7 `fgdxnx# nv`fk}nx# nrfevxnx# bn`hlnx+ Fr l`-

zxfrblkmlhcf }fkfx fr}nhcfblmdr cdr dhgf}lqdr nk}fr mf fcfelx fc`}dmd mf nvml}dxln nzxdzlnmd+

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F}nzn LL7 Rfcfbbldknx cdr bxl}fxldr ~vf rfxk nvml}nmdr+

Cdr bxl}fxldr rdk mfbcnxnbldkfr ~vf mflkfk vk xfrvc}nmd ~vfrfx `fmlmd+ Fr}nxk xffxlmdr n nrzfb}dr xfcfqnk}fr mfc bvl-mnmd# mfhfk rvr}fk}nxrf fk cn `fgdx fqlmfkbln mlrzdklhcf# |mfhfk rfx `fmlhcfr+ Vkn qfw fr}nhcfblmdr cdr bxl}fxldr# rf mf-lklxk cdr fr}kmnxfr# fr mfblx# fc klqfc mf n}fkblk ~vf mfhf nc-bnkwnxrf znxn bnmn bxl}fxld# fzxfrnmd onhl}vnc`fk}f fk dx`nmf zdxbfk}ngf+ Fr kfbfrnxld xfbdkrlmfxnx bnmn fr}kmnx znxnnrfevxnxrf ~vf rdk xfnclr}nr znxn fc `hl}d fk fc ~vf rf nzcl-bnxk+



>1


26/190

Cdr fr}kmnxfr rf frbncdknk fk7 fr}kmnxfr `kl`dr# fr}kmn-xfr z}l`dr | fr}kmnxfr lmfncfr+ Rf bdkrlmfxn fr}kmnx `kl`d

n~vfc ~vf xfzxfrfk}n fc klqfc mf vkbldkn`lfk}d `r hngd ~vf zd-mf`dr nbfz}nx bd`d }dcfxnhcf# rlxqf znxn mfcl`l}nx cn zxb}lbnnbfz}nhcf mf cn lknbfz}nhcf+ Fc fr}kmnx lmfnc mfrbxlhf cn zxb-}lbn ~vf fr zdrlhcf ncbnkwnx fk bdkmlbldkfr lmfncfr fk cnr ~vf kdflr}f klkevkn cl`l}nblk# fr}f fr}kmnx zdx mfaklblk kd fr zd-rlhcf ncbnkwnxcd+ Fc fr}kmnx z}l`d rf rl}n fk}xf fc `kl`d | fclmfnc# fr}nhcfbfxcd xf~vlfxf bdkrfkrd# xfflk | rfkrn}fw+

Cdr bxl}fxldr rvr fr}kmnxfr bdxxfrzdkmlfk}fr zvfmfk bcnrla-bnxrf rfek rf xfafxnk n nrzfb}dr xfcnbldknmdr bdk cn fr}xvb}vxn#fc zxdbfrd d cdr xfrvc}nmdr# fr}n bcnrlabnblk bcrlbn }lfkf cn qfk-}ngn mf ~vf nblcl}n ~vf rf lmfk}la~vf fc dxlefk mf cdr zxdhcf`nr#bvnkmd kd rf ncbnkwnk cdr xfrvc}nmdr frzfxnmdr | cn fr}xvb}vxn |fc zxdbfrd kfbfrnxldr onk rlmd hlfk mfaklmdr /qnrf bnz}vcd 2,+

F}nzn LLL7 @fmlblk mfc klqfc mf vkbldkn`lfk}d+ Fk fr}n

nrf rf xfbdefk cdr mn}dr# onhl}vnc`fk}f mf cdr xfelr}xdr bckl-bdr# f`zcfnkmd bd`d lkr}xv`fk}d vkn odgn mf xfbdelmn mf mn}drd dx`vcnxld+ Kd dhr}nk}f fc vrd efkfxnclwnmd mf cdr xfelr}xdr lk-dx`n}lwnmdr bn`hlnx cdr zxdbfml`lfk}dr nb}vnc`fk}f fr}nhcf-blmdr znxn xfnclwnx cn nvml}dxn# nr bd`d cn v}lclwnblk mf Lk}fx-kf} znxn zdmfx bv`zcl`fk}nx cdr dx`vcnxldr+

Fr kfbfrnxld mfaklx f lmfk}labnx cdr znblfk}fr ~vf rfxk lk-bcvlmdr | fbcvlmdr fk cn nvml}dxln# nr bd`d fc zfxldmd mf }lf`zdrdhxf fc ~vf rf nzclbnxk cdr bxl}fxldr+ Fk ncevkdr bnrdr }n`hlkrfx kfbfrnxld fr}nhcfbfx cdr zxdfrldkncfr rnkl}nxldr l`zclbnmdrfk cdr bvlmnmdr ~vf zxf}fkmf`dr nvml}nx+

Kd rlf`zxf fr zdrlhcf lkbcvlx fk cn nvml}dxn n }dmdr cdr zn-blfk}fr ~vf bv`zcfk cdr bxl}fxldr mf rfcfbblk# fk fr}f bnrd rf}d`nx vkn vfr}xn ~vf }fkmx ~vf bv`zclx mdr xf~vlrl}dr7 rfx xf-

zxfrfk}n}lqn mf cn zdhcnblk }d}nc mf znblfk}fr | fk k`fxd rva-


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blfk}f+ Znxn fc zxl`fx bd`f}lmd rf nzclbnx ncevkd mf cdr zxdbf-ml`lfk}dr mf `vfr}xfd ncfn}dxld# znxn fc rfevkmd mfzfkmfx mfc

}lzd mf mn}dr# fr mfblx mf cn frbncn mf `fmlmn mf cnr qnxlnhcf ~vfrf `fmlxk9 kd dhr}nk}f cn rl}vnblk `r xfbvfk}f fr fr}l`nx

zxdzdxbldkfr# znxn fccd rf zvfmfk f`zcfnx ncevkdr zxdexn`nrfk frzndc mf vrd clhxf bd`d fc Exnk`d 6+8>:# d fc zxdexn`n Fkf2+:>> mfrnxxdccnmd zdx EcndR`l}oIclkf+

Alknc`fk}f fr fr}n f}nzn rf bd`znxnk cdr mn}dr xfbdelmdr bdkcdr bxl}fxldr | fr}kmnxfr fr}nhcfblmdr# bdkbcv|fkmd onr}n ~vf

zvk}d rf onk ncbnkwnmd mlbodr fr}kmnxfr+ Rl kd rf onk ncbnk-wnmd# rf nknclwnxk cnr xnwdkfr ~vf cd fzclbnk+ Fk }x`lkdr ef-kfxncfr rl fc fr}kmnx kd rf ncbnkwn fk fc >:: fr}d l`zclbn ~vfon| vk `nxefk zd}fkblnc mf `fgdxn+

F}nzn LQ7 Nzclbnblk mf cnr `fmlmnr bdxxfb}dxnr+ Cn nzcl-bnblk mf cnr `fmlmnr bdxxfb}dxnr kfbfrnxln`fk}f l`zclbnx vkbn`hld+ Fr l`zdx}nk}f lmfk}labnx cnr hnxxfxnr ~vf fkbdk}xnxf-

`dr znxn cdexnx frf bn`hld+ Mf fr}n dx`n fc zcnk mf `fgdxn fr-}nx nmnz}nmd n mlbodr dhr}bvcdr+

Fc ffmhnbi bdk cdr xfrvc}nmdr mf cn nvml}dxln n cdr zxdfrld-kncfr ~vf zxfr}nxdk cn nrlr}fkbln kd nrfevxn ~vf rf `fgdxnx cnbnclmnm mf cdr rfxqlbldr zxfr}nmdr fk }dmdr cdr bnrdr>8# }n`zdbdcd nrfevxn cn mlr}xlhvblk mf n}fxlnc fmvbn}lqd# evnr mf zxb}lbnbcklbn# f}b+ Fr kfbfrnxld lk}fxqfkbldkfr `r bd`zcfgnr# ~vf nvk-~vf zvfmfk lkbcvlx cnr mdr fkbldknmnr nk}fxldx`fk}f# xf~vlfxfknnmlx d}xnr fr}xn}felnr bd`d xfbdxmn}dxldr /`nkvncfr d lkdx-`n}lwnmdr,# }v}dxnr# f}b+

F}nzn Q7 @nk}fkfx cnr `fgdxnr+Nvk~vf fc dhgf}lqd lklblnc mfcn nvml}dxn fr `fgdxnx cn zxb}lbn bcklbn# fr frfkblnc `nk}fkfxcnr `fgdxnr ncbnkwnmnr+ Fk fr}n f}nzn fr kfbfrnxld `dkl}dxlwnx |fqncvnx cdr bn`hldr# znxn cd bvnc on| ~vf xfnclwnx vkn rfevkmn dh-rfxqnblk mfrzvr mf ~vf cdr bn`hldr rf onk lk}xdmvblmd+ Cdr



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28/190

zxdbfml`lfk}dr rfxk cdr ~vf rf on|nk f`zcfnmd fk cn f}nzn LLL#znxn nrfevxnx cn bd`znxnhlclmnm+ Znxn cn dkl}dxlwnblk bdkqlfkf

rfcfbbldknx cdr lkmlbnmdxfr frfkblncfr fk fc k`fxd `r xfmvblmdzdrlhcf# bdk cn aknclmnm mf nbdx}nx fc }lf`zd mf xfbdelmn mf cdr`lr`dr | mlrzdkfx mf cdr xfrvc}nmdr xzlmn`fk}f+ Rl cdr xfrvc}n-mdr kd ncbnkwnk fc klqfc mfrfnmd mvxnk}f fc zfxldmd mf nzclbnblkmf cnr `fmlmnr bdxxfb}dxnr# rf mfhfx mf `dmlabnx fc zcnk d rfnnmlxk lk}fxqfkbldkfr nmlbldkncfr+ Vk fgf`zcd mf `dkl}dxlwn-blk mfc `nk}fkl`lfk}d mf cnr `fgdxnr fk fc `hl}d mf cn mlnhf-}fr fr fc zxdexn`n mf `fgdxn mf bnclmnm fk fc bvlmnmd mf cdr zn-

blfk}fr bdk mlnhf}fr l`zcnk}nmd fk Rncdxm>2

/Xflkd Vklmd,+

Fqncvnblk mf cn zfxrzfb}lqn mfc znblfk}f

Fr}f nrzfb}d fk cn fqncvnblk mf cn bnclmnm fr l`zdx}nk}f mlr}lk-evlxcn mf cn rn}lrnbblk mfc znblfk}f+ Cdr mdr lkr}xv`fk}dr mf`fmlmn r n`zcln`fk}f f`zcfnmdr rdk fc bvfr}ldknxld BNOZR| fc ^VD]F-Mlnhf}fr+

Fc bvfr}ldknxld BNOZR# on rlmd mfrnxxdccnmd zdx fc Bdkrv`fxNrrfrr`fk} d Ofnc}obnxf Zxdqlmfxr nkm R|r}f`r>=# vkn lklbln-}lqn bdk znx}lblznblk zhclbn | zxlqnmn mf cdr Fr}nmdr Vklmdr+ Fcbvfr}ldknxld rf xfafxf n cdr c}l`dr >8 `frfr+ Fk xfnclmnm rdkvkn rfxlf mf bvfr}ldknxldr ~vf zvfmfk rfx v}lclwnmdr mf dx`n lk-mfzfkmlfk}f# rfek fc klqfc nrlr}fkblnc ~vf rf mfrff fqncvnx+ Flr-}fk bvfr}ldknxldr frzfbabdr znxn fqncvnx7 cdr rfxqlbldr mf of-`dmlclrlr# cn n}fkblk odrzl}ncnxln# cn n}fkblk zxfr}nmn n cdrlkmldr n`fxlbnkdr# fc rfxqlbld mf rncvm fk efkfxnc# cn n}fkblkn`hvcn}dxln }nk}d zxl`nxln bd`d frzfblnclwnmn+ Rf mlrzdkf mf

qfxrldkfr qnclmnmnr fk frzndc>6 | vf fc lkr}xv`fk}d `r n`-zcln`fk}f v}lclwnmd fk vkn xfqlrlk xfblfk}f>1+

Fc bvfr}ldknxld ^VD]F-Mlnhf}fr# on rlmd xfnclwnmd zdx fc Kf-}ofxcnkmr Lkr}l}v}f dx Ofnc}o Rfxqlbf Xfrfnxbo>5 mf cdr ZnrfrHngdr+ ]lfkf mdr qfxrldkfr vkn mf 88 zxfevk}nr | d}xn mf =6+ F-

zcdxn blkbd ml`fkrldkfr7 fzcdxnblk mf cdr zlfr fk cnr bdkrvc}nr


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29/190

mf rfevl`lfk}d# fzcdxnblk mf cn vkblk xfknc nkvnc# lkdx`n-blk nbfxbn mf cdr mlr}lk}dr nznxn}dr ~vf v}lclwn# mlrbvrlk mf cdr

xfrvc}nmdr nknc}lbdr# | nzd|d fk cn mdrlabnblk mf lkrvclkn+ Nmf-`r# kd rcd rf fqncn cn n}fkblk zxfr}nmn zdx cdr mlbdr mf n-`lcln# rl kd }n`hlk cn zxfr}nmn zdx d}xdr zxdfrldkncfr bd`d7cdr frzfblnclr}nr# cnr fkfx`fxnr# cdr mlf}lr}nr# f}b+ Fr}f bvfr}ld-knxld on rfxqlmd mf hnrf znxn fc mlrfd mf d}xdr bvfr}ldknxldr>?#nnmlfkmd d}xnr ml`fkrldkfr ~vf kd rf fzcdxnk fc ^VD]F dxl-elknc# bd`d cdr exvzdr mf nzd|d# bdkamfkblnclmnm v d}xdr nr-

zfb}dr mf cn mf}fbblk | mlnekr}lbd zxfbdw+

Cnr kfbfrlmnmfr nrlr}fkblncfr mfc mlnh}lbd

Cnr kfbfrlmnmfr nrlr}fkblncfr mfc znblfk}f bdk mlnhf}fr lkbcv|fkcdr rlevlfk}fr nrzfb}dr7

>+ Kfbfrlmnm mf vk mlnekr}lbd zxfbdw znxn fql}nx bvnk}d nk}fr

fc mfrnxxdccd mf bd`zclbnbldkfr fk nrfr nrlk}d`}lbnr f lklbln-cfr mf cn mlnhf}fr# znxn cd bvnc rf fr}nhcfbfk vkdr bxl}fxldr znxnfc bxlhnmd mf fr}n fkfx`fmnm fk cn zdhcnblk rvrbfz}lhcf+

8+ Kfbfrlmnm mf vkn bdxxfb}n lmfk}labnblk ~vf bcnrla~vf cn rf-qfxlmnm mfc zxdbfrd fk cdr znblfk}fr rfek cn lk}fkrlmnm mf cn nc-}fxnblk fk rv `f}nhdclr`d olmxdbnxhdknmd+

2+ Kfbfrlmnm mf vkn fqncvnblk mlbn# dxlfk}nblk fmvbn}lqnfk mlf}n | fr}lcdr mf qlmn# nzd|d zrlbdrdblnc | vk }xn}n`lfk}d fa-bnw | zfxrdknclwnmd ~vf `nk}fken nc znblfk}f fk vk bdk}xdc nmf-bvnmd mf rv mlnhf}fr bdk fc ak mf fql}nx cnr bd`zclbnbldkfr zxd-

zlnr mf cn fkfx`fmnm+

=+ Kfbfrlmnm mf mf}fb}nx zxfbdw`fk}f cnr bd`zclbnbldkfr`nbxd | `lbxdqnrbvcnxfr dbnrldknmnr zdx cn mlnhf}fr `fmlnk}fvk rfevl`lfk}d ~vf zdrlhlcl}f vkn lk}fxqfkblk fabnw+



8:


30/190

Kfbfrlmnm mf vk mlnekr}lbd zxfbdw

Rf nm`l}f fk efkfxnc ~vf nc `fkdr vk }fxbld mf cnr zfxrdknr bdk

mlnhf}fr fr}k rlk mlnekdr}lbnx mnmd ~vf fc }xnr}dxkd ecvb`lbdzvfmf fr}nx zxfrfk}f fk fc znblfk}f cnxed }lf`zd rlk bnvrnx rk}d-`nr# zdx d}xn znx}f bvnkmd cn mlnhf}fr rf mlnekdr}lbn fk `vbodrbnrdr |n flr}fk bd`zclbnbldkfr mf cn fkfx`fmnm# zdx cd ~vf frmf vkn l`zdx}nkbln bxvblnc xfnclwnx fc bxlhnmd mf cn fkfx`fmnmfk rvgf}dr nrlk}d`}lbdr+ Rf nbdkrfgn xfnclwnx fc }fr} mf ecvbf`ln

zcnr`}lbn fk n|vknr /EZN, fk cnr rlevlfk}fr blxbvkr}nkblnr7

>+ Nmvc}dr n znx}lx mf cdr =6 ndr | rl fc xfrvc}nmd fr kdx`nc#bnmn 2 ndr d nk}fr rfek blxnr lklblncfr d nrdblnblk bdk nb-}dxfr mf xlfred bnxmldqnrbvcnx+

8+ N bvnc~vlfx fmnm | bdk zfxldmlblmnm nkvnc n }dmdr cdr nmvc-}dr bdk rdhxfzfrd v dhfrlmnm /L@B 86 ie$`8, | xlfred mf mln-hf}fr nrdblnmd bd`d cdr rlevlfk}fr7

Lknb}lqlmnm rlbn+

An`lclnxfr bdk mlnhf}fr /fk zxl`fx exnmd,+

F}klnr mf nc}d xlfred /nxdn`fxlbnkdr# cn}lkdr# n`fxlbnkdrkn}lqdr mf lrcnr mfc Znbabd,+

@vgfxfr bdk nk}fbfmfk}fr mf mlnhf}fr efr}nbldknc |$d `n-bxdrd`n kfdkn}nc /; = ie nc knbfx,+

Znblfk}fr bdk mlnekr}lbd mf O]N / >=:-


31/190

Bdkmlbldkfr bcklbnr nrdblnmnr n xfrlr}fkbln lkrvcklbn7 exnkdhfrlmnm# nbnk}drlr klexlbnkr+

Zxfqld L]E d EHN /zxfmlnhf}fr,+

Nk}fbfmfk}fr zfxrdkncfr mf FBQ+

2+ Fk cn f`hnxnwnmn fc bxlhnmd mf Mlnhf}fr efr}nbldknc /M@E,rfxn cn rlevlfk}f7

Lkbcvlx vkn ecvbf`ln zcnr`}lbn fk n|vknr fk cn qlrl}n lklblncmf cn f`hnxnwnmn+

Fk}xf cn 8=-8? rf`nknr mf efr}nblk rf xfnclwnx# fc }fr} mfDRvcclqnk `fmlnk}f cn mf}fx`lknblk mf ecvbf`ln zcnr`-}lbn nc bnhd mf vkn odxn# }xnr cn nm`lklr}xnblk mf 6: e mf ecv-bdrn dxnc+ Rf bdkrlmfxn zdrl}lqd vk qncdx >=: `e$mc+ Fr}n

zxvfhn mf bxlhnmd kd fr}nxn lkmlbnmn fk n~vfccnr efr}nk}fr

mf hngd xlfred ~vf bv`zcnk }dmnr mf cnr bnxnb}fxr}lbnr rl-evlfk}fr7 `fkdxfr mf 86 ndr# kdx`dzfrd nk}fr mfc f`hn-xnwd# zfx}fkfkbln n exvzdr }klbdr bdk hngn zxfqncfkbln mfmlnhf}fr# kd nk}fbfmfk}fr mf mlnhf}fr fk n`lclnxfr mf zxl-`fx exnmd# kl lk}dcfxnkbln n cn ecvbdrn# kl zxdhcf`nr dhr}-}xlbdr zxfqldr+

Fk fc bnrd mf rfx zdrl}lqd fc }fr} mf bxlhnmd mf M@E# rf bdk-ax`nx d}xd mn mlr}lk}d `fmlnk}f vkn mf}fx`lknblk hnrnc#n cn ># 8 | 2 odxnr mf cdr klqfcfr mf ecvbf`ln zcnr`}lbn fkn|vknr /EZN, }xnr vkn rdhxfbnxen dxnc mf ecvbdrn mf >:: e+Rf xf~vlfxf cn fcfqnblk mf nc `fkdr mdr mf cdr qncdxfr mfecvbdrn fk zcnr`n znxn fc mlnekr}lbd mf M@E+

Fk bnrd mf xfnclwnxrf fc mlnekr}lbd mf M@E rf bdkrlmfxnxn cn znblfk}f mf f`hnxnwd mf nc}d xlfred | rf xf`l}lx znxnrfevl`lfk}d nc klqfc mf zn}dcden exnqmlbn+



88


32/190

]xnr fc znx}d n cnr `vgfxfr ~vf on|nk zxfrfk}nmd M@E rf cfrmfhf xfnclwnx fk}xf cnr 1->8 rf`nknr rlevlfk}fr vkn mf}fx`lkn-

blk mf EZN bd`d bxlhnmd mf zxfmlnhf}fr d mlnhf}fr zdr}fxldx+

Kfbfrlmnm mf vk bdxxfb}d mlnekr}lbd mf cn nc}fxnblk

mfc `f}nhdclr`d olmxdbnxhdknmd mfc znblfk}f

Znxn fccd bdkrlmfxnxf`dr rfznxnmn`fk}f cdr bxl}fxldr fr}nhcfbl-mdr znxn fc mlnekr}lbd mf cn mlnhf}fr | cn zxf-mlnhf}fr+

Mlnekr}lbd mf mlnhf}fr

Fc }fr} rnkevkfd xfbd`fkmnmd znxn fc mlnekr}lbd mf cn mlnhf-}fr fk kldr | nmvc}dr$nr /kd efr}nk}fr, fr cn ecvbf`ln zcnr`}lbn/EZN, fk n|vknr /n|vknr 0 zfxldmd mf nc `fkdr ? odxnr rlk lk-efr}n bncxlbn zxfqln n cn mf}fx`lknblk,+

Fc }fr} mf Rdhxfbnxen dxnc mf Ecvbdrn bdk 56 e /RDE 56 e, nvkrlfkmd `r rfkrlhcf | nced `r frzfbabd ~vf cn EZN znxn fcmlnekr}lbd mf mlnhf}fr# zxfrfk}n vkn `fkdx xfzxdmvblhlclmnm |

ncevkdr lkbdkqfklfk}fr znxn ccfqnxcd n cn zxb}lbn mfhlmd n cnr xl-evxdrnr bdkmlbldkfr mf zxfznxnblk znxn cn zxvfhn fk cdr zn-blfk}fr# cd bvnc vklmd n cn nblclmnm mf nbbfrd mf cn EZN# rv n|dxnbfz}nhlclmnm | vk fkdx bdr}f bdkqlfx}fk cn EZN fk fc }fr} mf xf-fxfkbln znxn fc mlnekr}lbd mf cn mlnhf}fr+

Fk cn ]nhcn 2 aevxnk cdr bxl}fxldr zxdzvfr}dr zdx cn NrdblnblkN`fxlbnkn mf Mlnhf}fr /NMN, fk rv lkdx`f mf 8::< znxn fc mlne-kr}lbd mf Mlnhf}fr>


33/190

bd`d znxn cn zxfrfk}nblk v}vxn mf vkn mlnhf}fr bcklbn+ Fr}nr fk-}lmnmfr | rvr bxl}fxldr mlnekr}lbdr rf xfbdefk fk cn ]nhcn =+

Kfbfrlmnm mf vkn fqncvnblk `mlbn# bdk}xdc

ecvb`lbd# dxlfk}nblk fmvbn}lqn fk mlf}n | fr}lcdr

mf qlmn# nzd|d zrlbdrdblnc | vk }xn}n`lfk}d fabnw

| zfxrdknclwnmd

Fqncvnblk lklblnc

Cdr dhgf}lqdr n bdkrfevlx bdk fc znblfk}f mlnh}lbd }xnr vkn fqn-cvnblk `mlbn lklblnc rfxnk cdr rlevlfk}fr8:7

>+ Bcnrlabnx fc }lzd mf mlnhf}fr | cdr nb}dxfr mf xlfred bnxmld-qnrbvcnx nrdblnmdr+



8=

]nhcn 2+ Bxl}fxldr mlnekr}lbdr mf mlnhf}fr

Bxl}fxldr Klqfc ecvb`lbd

>+ Rk}d`nr mf olzfxecvbf ln /zdclvxln#zdclmlzrln,n, Ecvbf`ln nc nwnx fk zcnr`n qfkdrd

8+ Ecvbf`ln fk n|vknr fk zcnr`n qfkdrd2+ Ecvbf`ln n cnr 8 odxnr fk zcnr`n

qfkdrd }xnr rdhxfbnxen dxnc mf ecvbdrn/RDE 56 e mf ecvbdrn,

8:: è$mc />>#> ``dc$c, >81 è$mc /5 ``dc$c,'

8:: è$mc />>#> ``dc$c,'

' Vk qncdx nc}fxnmd rf on mf bdkax`nx fk mdr mnr mlr}lk}dr+

]nhcn =+ Bxl}fxldr mlnekr}lbdr mf zxfmlnhf}fr

Fk}lmnm Klqfc Ecvb`lbd

>+ Ecvbf`ln hnrnc nc}fxnmn /EHN,

8+ Lk}dcfxnkbln n cn Ecvbdrn /L]E,EZ 8 odxnr fk zcnr`n qfkdrd/RDE 56 e mf ecvbdrn,

>::->86 è$mc/6#1 `dc$c-1#< `dc$c,

>=:->> ``dc$c,


34/190

8+ Mf}fb}nx cn zxfrfkbln mf bd`zclbnbldkfr frzfbabnr mf cnmlnhf}fr+

2+ Qncdxnx fc exnmd mf bdk}xdc ecvb lbd | fc xfrvc}nmd mf }xn-}n`lfk}dr zxfqldr+

=+ Adx`vcnx | nbdxmnx vk zcnk efkfxnc mf }xn}n`lfk}d | nblcl-}nx cnr hnrfr znxn nrfevxnx vk rfevl`lfk}d zdr}fxldx+

Fk ]nhcn 6 rf vfr}xnk cdr bd`zdkfk}fr xfbd`fkmnmdr zdx cn

NMN 8::< ~vf mfhf bdk}fkfx cn fqncvnblk `mlbn lklblnc mf }dmdznblfk}f mlnh}lbd+


86

]nhcn 6+ Bdk}fklmdr mf cn fqncvnblk `mlbn lklblnc nc znblfk}f

mlnh}lbd

>+ Olr}dxln zxfqln /nkn`kfrlr,7 Fmnm | bnxnb}fxr}lbn mf bd lfkwd+ Ohl}dr ncl`fk}nxldr# zn}xk mf bd`lmnr# rl}vnblk kv}xlbldknc+

Fmvbnblk mlnh}lbn zxfqln+ Mlf}nr zxfqlnr xfnclwnmnr | xfrvc}nmdr+ Zn}xk mf nb}lqlmnm rlbn# x`nbdr v}lclwnmdr | xfrvc}nmdr fk cdr

nv}d-bdk}xdcfr mfc znblfk}f+ Fzlrdmldr mf bf}dnblmdrlr f olzdecvbf`lnr zxfqlnr# lk}fkrlmnm |

bnvrnr+ Olr}dxln mf bd`zclbnbldkfr mf cn mlnhf}fr7

n, @lbxdqnrbvcnx7 xf}lkdzn}n# kfxdzn}n# kfvxdzn}n /rfkrdxlnc7cfrldkfr fk zlfr9 nv}dk`lbn7 mlrvkblk rfvnc# enr}xdznxfrln,+

h, @nbxdqnrbvcnx7 bnxmldqnrbvcnx# bfxfhxdqnrbvcnx# nx}fxlnc zfxlxlbn+b, D}xdr7 zxdhcf`nr zrlbd-rdblncfr# mfk}ncfr+8+ Fn`fk rlbd7

Zfrd# }nccn# L@B+ ]N rfk}nmd | fk dx}dr}n}lr`d+ Adkmd mf dgd+ Zncznblk mfc }lxdlmfr+ Zlfc /nbnk}drlr klexlbnkr | wdknr mf lk|fbblk mf lkrvclkn,+ Fonvr}lqn fzcdxnblk mf f}xf`lmnmfr lkfxldxfr7

n, Lkrzfbblk+


35/190


36/190

h, Bdk}xdc mf cn OhN>B

Rf xfnclwnx bd`d `kl`d mdr qfbfr nc nd fk znblfk}fr ~vfzxfrfk}nk vk bdk}xdc ecvb`lbd fr}nhcf+ Bnmn }xfr `frfr fk cdrznblfk}fr n ~vlfkfr rf cfr on dmlabnmd fc }xn}n`lfk}d d kd bdk-rlevfk vk hvfk bdk}xdc ecvb`lbd+ Fr l`zdx}nk}f cn nbbfrlhlcl-mnm nc `mlbd znxn ngvr}nx fc }xn}n`lfk}d fk vk }lf`zd xnwdknhcf}xnr cn mf}fx`lknblk mf cn N>b+

b, Dhgf}lqdr mf bdk}xdc ecvb`lbd

Cn OhN>b bdkr}l}v|f fc zxl`fx dhgf}lqd mf bdk}xdc ecvb`lbd+Fk efkfxnc rf bdkrlmfxn hvfk bdk}xdc ecvb`lbd vk klqfc mf

N>b 35 & nvk~vf fk rl}vnbldkfr lkmlqlmvncfr | mfk}xd mf cdzdrlhcf# cd lmfnc rfxn zxfrfk}nx qncdxfr fk fc xnked mf kdx-`nclmnm N>b 31 & /=-1 &, | ~vf kd dbnrldknxnk olzdecvbf-`lnr fk fc znblfk}f+

Zdx fc bdk}xnxld ncbnkwnx cdr klqfcfr mf N>b rfxn `fkdr fr-}xlb}d fk znblfk}f bdk nk}fbfmfk}fr mf olzdecvbf`lnr lk}fk-rnr# cl`l}nblk fk cn fzfb}n}lqn mf qlmn# kldr# f`hnxnwnmnr#

znblfk}fr bdk bd`dxhlclmnm nrdblnmn | n~vfccdr bdk cnxenfqdcvblk mf cn mlnhf}fr rlk bd`zclbnbldkfr qnrbvcnxfr+

Xfrzfb}d n cdr klqfcfr mf ecvbf`ln bnzlcnx rf bdkrlmfxn vkhvfk bdk}xdc ecvb`lbd blxnr mf ecvbf`ln bnzlcnx zxfzxnk-mlnc mf 5:->2: è$mc | ecvbf`ln bnzlcnx zdr}zxnkmlnc /8-2odxnr }xnr cn bd`lmn, 3>?: è$mc+ Vk xfrv`fk mf cdr dhgf}l-

qdr mf bdk}xdc ecvb`lbd rf zvfmf nzxfblnx fk cn ]nhcn 1+


85

]nhcn 1+ Dhgf}lqdr mf bdk}xdc ecvb`lbd znxn nmvc}dr bdk mlnhf}fr

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35#: & /xnked kdx`nc =-1 &,5:-2: è$mc /2#?: è$mc /3>: ``dc$c,


37/190

Dxlfk}nblk mlf}}lbn-kv}xlbldknc | mf fgfxblbld rlbd

fk cn mlnhf}fr

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Fr zxfblrd nbdkrfgnx xfmvbblk mf zfrd fk znblfk}fr dhfrdr#nvk~vf rfn `dmfr}n |n ~vf fr nqdxnhcf znxn mlr`lkvlx fc bd`-

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38/190

}lqlmnm | fr}nmd mf kl`d# nrzfb}dr mf bnclmnm mf qlmn# xfbvxrdrfbdk`lbdr# rdblncfr | f`dbldkncfr f}b+ nblcl}nkmd fc nbbfrd mf

cdr znblfk}fr n zxdfrldkncfr bvnclabnmdr+

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qlmn d`fk}nkmd cn mlf}n | fc fgfxblbld rlbd+ Rf lxk nn-mlfkmd dzdx}vkn`fk}f d}xdr nk}lmlnh}lbdr /rfek bxl}f-xldr mf ffb}lqlmnm fk xfmvbblk mf N>b# rlkfxeln fk `fbn-klr`d mf nbblk d bdr}f, d lkrvclkn# bd`d `fmlmn znxn

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8


39/190



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40/190


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41/190



28

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42/190

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43/190

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44/190

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45/190


46/190

@n}fv Rfev Mnw# Gdr Cvlr ]dxxfr Hnlcf#

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25

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Fr}kmnxfr f lkmlbnmdxfr


47/190

Cn mlnhf}fr fr vkn fkfx`fmnm bxklbn ~vf zxfblrn nb}vnbldkfr

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fqncvnblk mfc zxdbfrd nrlr}fkblnc | mf cdr xfrvc}nmdr lk}fx`f-

mldr+

Cn hnrf mf vk zxdexn`n mf `fgdxn mf cn bnclmnm nrlr}fkblnc rf

hnrn fk cn `dkl}dxlwnblk mf nrzfb}dr l`zdx}nk}fr mf cn n}fkblk

rnkl}nxln znxn mf}fb}nx zxdhcf`nr v dzdx}vklmnmfr mf `fgdxn+

Znxn fccd# fr kfbfrnxld mfklx vkdr dhgf}lqdr# vkdr lkmlbnmdxfr |

vkdr fr}kmnxfr bdk cdr ~vf fqncvnx | }xnr fccd nbdkrfgnx | `f-

gdxnx cn n}fkblk nc mlnh}lbd>#8#2#=#6+

Cdr dhgf}lqdr

Cdr zxdexn`nr mf bnclmnm nrlr}fkblnc }lfkfk bd`d knclmnm `f-

gdxnx cn nrlr}fkbln zxfr}nmn n cd cnxed mf }dmn cn fkfx`fmnm+ Fk

fc zfxdmd zxfzn}deklbd# fc zn}deklbd | fc mf xfrvc}nmdr /bd`-

zclbnbldkfr# `dx}nclmnm,+ Fk hnrf n fccd# rf mfkfk cnr mlfxfk-

}fr nb}vnbldkfr zxfqfk}lqnr7 Zxfqfkblk zxl`nxln# rfbvkmnxln |

}fxblnxln+



2?


48/190

Zxfqfkblk zxl`nxln

Fc dhgf}lqd mf cn zxfqfkblk zxl`nxln fk mlnhf}fr fr xf}xnrnx d

zxfqfklx cn fkfx`fmnm fk fc lkmlqlmvd nrlk}d`}lbd+ Fk fr}f nznx-}nmd rvxef fc bdkbfz}d mf n znx}lx mf bvkmd vk znblfk}f fr bdk-

rlmfxnmd mlnh}lbd+ Cn bnznblmnm zxfmlb}lqn mf blfx}dr zvk}dr mf

bdx}f mf cn ecvbf`ln fk fc fr}nhcfbl`lfk}d mf mf}fx`lknmnr bd`-

zclbnbldkfr olwd qnxlnx cdr bxl}fxldr mlnekr}lbdr zdx cn Nrdbln-

blk N`fxlbnkn mf Mlnhf}fr /NMN, fk >


49/190

nznxlblk mf cn mlnhf}fr d mf rvr bd`zclbnbldkfr fk rv f}nzn nrlk-

}d`}lbn# rf fkbvnmxnk mfk}xd mf cn zxfqfkblk rfbvkmnxln+ Nr#

fr bdkdblmd ~vf fk fc `d`fk}d mfc mlnekr}lbd# vk 2:-6: & mfcdr mlnh}lbdr |n zxfrfk}nk bd`zclbnbldkfr+ Fr}d fr mfhlmd n ~vf

flr}f vk zfxdmd fk}xf = | 5 ndr fk fc ~vf# nvk~vf flr}fk nc}f-

xnbldkfr ecvb`lbnr kd rf on mlnekdr}lbnmd cn mlnhf}fr+ Cn mf-

}fbblk zxfbdw mf cn mlnhf}fr znxfbf celbn fk }x`lkdr mf `lkl-

`lwnx cnr bd`zclbnbldkfr# zfxd kd flr}fk fqlmfkblnr mlxfb}nr

~vf nqncfk fc bxlhnmd zdhcnbldknc+ Fk bn`hld cn `n|dxn mf cnr

rdblfmnmfr blfk}bnr xfbd`lfkmnk cn mf}fbblk dzdx}vklr}n zdx

fc `mlbd mf n`lcln fk exvzdr mf xlfred+ Cnr xfbd`fkmnbldkfrmf bxlhnmd rdk cnr rlevlfk}fr7

>+ Zfxrdknr `n|dxfr mf =6 ndr# bnmn 2 ndr+

8+ Nkvnc`fk}f# fk zfxrdknr bdk ncek nb}dx mf xlfred AX mf

mlnhf}fr7

Nk}fbfmfk}fr mf mlnhf}fr fk n`lclnxfr mf >+

fx

exnmd+ Dhfrlmnm+

@nbxdrd`n |$d mlnhf}fr efr}nbldknc zxfqln+

Bdcfr}fxdc OMC 26 |$d }xleclbxlmdr 86: `e$mc+

Olzfx}fkrlk nx}fxlnc+

Mlnekr}lbd zxfqld mf L]E d EHN+

F}klnr mf nc}d xlfred+

Vk lkmlbnmdx mf bnclmnm fk zxfqfkblk rfbvkmnxln fr cn zxfqn-

cfkbln mf mlnhf}fr bdkdblmn# ~vf nmf`r vfr}xn fc exnmd mf l`-

zclbnblk mfc f~vlzd fk cn bnz}nblk zxfbdw mfc znblfk}f mlnh-

}lbd>:#>>#>8+

Rv bd`zcf`fk}nxld fr ncbnkwnx klqfcfr kl`dr mf mlnhf}fr

lekdxnmn# d n~vfccn ~vf mf}fb}nmn d bdkdblmn# vf dcqlmnmn zdx

fc f~vlzd ~vf n}lfkmf nc znblfk}f# | ~vf zdkf n zxvfhn }nk}d n

cn dxenklwnblk rnkl}nxln | rv zxfr}nblk mf bvlmnmdr bd`d fc



=:


50/190

rlr}f`n mf xfelr}xd# fc `lbxdf~vlzd# cn bd`vklbnblk fk}xf cdr

fkbnxenmdr mf rv n}fkblk d cn dxenklwnblk mfc bfk}xd+ Rfxn

zdx }nk}d# vk `nxbnmdx mf bnclmnm fk cn n}fkblk mf nc}n rfkrl-hlclmnm+

Cn zn}dcden zfxlkn}nc

Fc dhgf}lqd rf hnrn fk fql}nx cnr bd`zclbnbldkfr zfxlkn}ncfr fk

kldr mf nmxfr mlnh}lbnr+ Mfrmf >+

Zxfqfkblk }fxblnxln

]lfkf bd`d knclmnm fql}nx |$d xf}xnrnx cnr bd`zclbnbldkfr ~vfrf zxdmvbfk fk cn fqdcvblk mf cn mlnhf}fr# | }lfkf ~vf qfx bdk

}dmnr cnr nb}lqlmnmfr fkbn`lknmnr nc }xn}n`lfk}d /bdk}xdc, | xf-

onhlcl}nblk mf r}nr+

Cn mlnhf}fr fr vk nb}dx lkmfzfkmlfk}f mf fkfx`fmnm nx}f-

xldrbcfxdrn+ Cn xfmvbblk mf cdr nb}dxfr mf xlfred bnxmldqnrbv-

cnx ~vf rf nrdblnk n cn mlnhf}fr /}nhnbd# olzfx}fkrlk# mlrclzf-

`ln+++,# mlr`lkv|fk fc xlfred mf znmfbfx cn fkfx`fmnm }nk}d

`nbxdqnrbvcnx /fkfx`fmnm bdxdknxln# nbblmfk}f bfxfhxdqnrbv-

cnx# nx}fxldzn}n zfxlxlbn, bd`d lbxdqnrbvcnx /xf}lkdzn}n# kf-

xdzn}n | kfvxdzn}n, ~vf nfb}nk kd}nhcf`fk}f n cn bnclmnm mf

qlmn | bd`zdx}nk vk fcfqnmd bdr}f>2#>=#>6#>1#>5 /]nhcn >,+

Zxfqfkblk bvn}fxknxln>?#>


51/190

rnxln`fk}f+ Kd dhr}nk}f# bv`zclfkmd cdr zxfbfz}dr mf cnr }xfrnk}fxldxfr r}n kd mfhfxn flr}lx+ Mf `dmd ~vf kd fr mf f}xnnx

~vf kd rfn bdkrlmfxnmn bd`d }nc zdx `vbodr nv}dxfr+

Nk nr# }fkfx fk bvfk}n fr}f bdkbfz}d fql}n `nk}fkfx cn l`-

zxfrlk mf ~vf bvnk}d `r `fgdx fk fc znblfk}f mlnh}lbd |

zxfqlfkf cn rdhxflk}fxqfkblk | bdk fccd fc fxxdx `mlbd zdx nb-

blk+ Fc dhgf}lqd mf bdkrfevlx fc bdk}xdc mf cn mlnhf}fr zdx fc

zxdzld lkmlqlmvd# fql}nkmd cn nb}vnblk rnkl}nxln# lxn fk fr}f

rfk}lmd+

Cdr lkmlbnmdxfr

Vk lkmlbnmdx mf bnclmnm fr vkn fmlmn bvnk}l}n}lqn ~vf rf v}lclwn

znxn `dkl}dxlwnx | fqncvnx cn bnclmnm mf nrzfb}dr mf cn zxb}lbn

rnkl}nxln ~vf bxff`dr xfcfqnk}fr+



=8

]nhcn >+ Dhgf}lqdr mf hvfk bdk}xdc fk fc znblfk}f mlnh}lbd

/`dmlabnmd mfc NMN 8::?,>>+ Dhgf}lqdr lk}fx`fmldr

Dhgf}lqd ncbnkwnmd Lkrvablfk}f

OhN>b /&, 35 ;?

Ecvbf`ln hnrnc$zxfzxnkmlnc

/è$mc,5:->2: ;>2:

Ecvbf`ln zdr}zxnkmlnc /è$mc, 3>?: ;>?:

Bdcfr}fxdc-CMC /è$mc, 3>:: ;>2:

Bdcfr}fxdc-OMC /è$mc, ;6: 3=:

]xleclbxlmdr /è$mc, 3>6: ;8::

]N /`` Oe, 3>2:$:?: ;>=:$:


52/190

Cdr lkmlbnmdxfr kd rdk vkn `fmlmn mlxfb}n mf cn bnclmnm zfxd

zfx`l}fk mf}fb}nx zxdhcf`nr znxn nknclwnxcdr# fr}l`vcnkmd cn bn-

clmnm mf cn n}fkblk zxfr}nmn | fgdxnkmd n cn qfw cn fblfkbln mfcrlr}f`n+

Cn nb}vnc l`zcnk}nblk mf rlr}f`nr mf lkdx`nblk fk cn zxb-

}lbn }d}nclmnm mf cdr rfxqlbldr mf rncvm mf cnr mlfxfk}fr bd`vkl-

mnmfr nv}kd`nr nblcl}n cn zdrlhlclmnm mf v}lclwnx lkmlbnmdxfr mf

rncvm | dh}fkfx lkdx`nblk mf `nkfxn `r fblfk}f }nk}d mf cn

nb}lqlmnm nrlr}fkblnc bd`d mf rncvm zhclbn8>#88+

Cdr lkmlbnmdxfr zdx xfecn efkfxnc fk kvfr}xd `fmld fqncnk fc

exnmd mf bdk}xdc mfc znblfk}f mlnh}lbd /zdx fgf`zcd# zdxbfk}ngf

mf znblfk}fr mlnh}lbdr }lzd 8 bdk OhN>b35,8= `fmlnk}f lkmlbn-

mdxfr mf zxdbfrd d mf xfrvc}nmdr# zfxd }n`hlk cd onbfk rdhxf fc

}lzd mf zxfrbxlzblk ~vf rf onbf n fr}dr znblfk}fr /fgf`zcdr7 zdx-

bfk}ngf mf `f}dx`lkn$nk}lmlnh}lbdr dxncfr,82+

Cdr lkmlbnmdxfr zvfmfk rfx mf mdr }lzdr Lkmlbnmdxfr hnrnmdr fk zxdzdxbldkfr7 Vrnmdr onhl}vnc-

`fk}f fk cdr zxdexn`nr mf fgdxn bdk}lkvn mf cn bnclmnm | ~vf

`lmfk nrzfb}dr mf cn nrlr}fkbln ~vf rf frbdefk bd`d `r xf-

cfqnk}fr | bv|n zxfrfkbln d nvrfkbln onbf`dr f~vlqncfk}f n

zxfrfkbln d mffb}d mf bnclmnm | ~vf# zdx cd }nk}d# zvfmf nfb-

}nx nc xfrvc}nmd mf cn n}fkblk nc znblfk}f+ @lmfk nrzfb}dr mf

cn nrlr}fkbln rnkl}nxln ~vf rdcn`fk}f xf~vlfxfk vkn xfqlrlk

zdr}fxldx znxn fqncvnxcdr+

Fgf`zcd7 k`fxd mf mlnh}lbdr bdk OhN>b xfnclwnmn$}d}nc

mlnh}lbdr fr}vmlnmdr+

Lkmlbnmdxfr bfk}lkfcn7 @lmfk vk ofbod exnqf# zdbd xf-

bvfk}f | n `fkvmd fql}nhcf+ Xf~vlfxfk rlf`zxf vk nkclrlr

lk`fmln}d znxn bdkdbfx cnr bnvrnr ~vf cd on|nk zxdqdbnmd |

`fgdxnxcnr+ Fk fc bnrd mf cn mlnhf}fr vk lkmlbnmdx bfk}lkfcn

Dhgf}lqdr mf cn `fgdxn bdk}lkvnmn fk fc mlnh}lbd

=2


53/190

kfcn zdmxn rfx vk lkmlbnmdx aknc# }nc bd`d vkn n`zv}nblk

d vk bd`n mlnh}lbd ~vf zdx rv exnqfmnm mfhfk nknclwnxrf

cnr bnvrnr ~vf onk zxdmvblmd fr}n rl}vnblk lk`fmln}n-`fk}f+

Bnxnb}fxr}lbnr mf cdr lkmlbnmdxfr

Cdr lkmlbnmdxfr mfhfk bv`zclx vkn rfxlf mf xf~vlrl}dr znxn ~vf

rfnk }lcfr+ Mfhfk mf rfx7

Bdkbxf}dr+ ]lfkfk ~vf fr}nx hlfk mfaklmdr | mfrbxl}dr mf vkn

dx`n bcnxn+

Dhgf}lqdr+ Znxn nblcl}nx cn xfbdelmn mf mn}dr+

Zdbdr | xfnclr}nr bdk cnr bdkmlbldkfr mf cn dxenklwnblk+

Hnrnmdr fk cnr fqlmfkblnr blfk}abnr nb}vnclwnmnr | nzd|n-

mdr fk zxd}dbdcdr d evnr mf zxb}lbn bcklbn+

Xfcfqnk}fr znxn cdr nrzfb}dr mf cn n}fkblk bcklbn ~vf rf

zxf}fkmf fqncvnx+

Rfkrlhcfr+ Mfhfk xffgnx cdr bn`hldr dxlelknmdr zdx vkn lk-

}fxqfkblk mf}fx`lknmn+

Frzfbabdr+ Mfhfk mf}fb}nx cdr bn`hldr rf zxf}fkmfk fqn-

cvnx | kd d}xdr zxdmvblmdr zdx nb}dxfr f}fxkdr n cn lk}fx-

qfkblk xfnclwnmn+

Fk cn ]nhcn 8 nznxfbfk cnr zxlkblzncfr evnr mf zxb}lbn bcklbn

fk cnr ~vf zdmf`dr hnrnxkdr znxn fr}nhcfbfx cdr lkmlbnmdxfr mf

bnclmnm nrlr}fkblnc+

N klqfc efkfxnc rf onk mfrbxl}d vkn rfxlf mf lkmlbnmdxfr fqn-

cvnhcfr zfxlmlbn`fk}f ~vf zfx`l}fk bd`znxnx mfrmf wdknr rn-



==


54/190

kl}nxlnr fk Frznn /EFMNZR,8= /]nhcn 2, n rlr}f`nr rnkl}nxldr

mf znrfr mfrnxxdccnmdr /Knbldknc Mlnhf}fr ^vncl}| L`zxdqf`fk}

Ncclnkbf KM^LN,8>#88 /]nhcnr = | 6,+

Cdr lkmlbnmdxfr zvfmfk dxlfk}nxrf

Rfek fc fkad~vf mf cn bnclmnm nrlr}fkblnc fk7

Lkmlbnmdxfr mf fr}xvb}vxn7 @lmfk cn md}nblk bvnk}l}n}lqn |

bvncl}n}lqn mf cdr xfbvxrdr mlrzdklhcfr znxn ncbnkwnx cdr dhgf-

}lqdr+ Rdk bdkmlblk kfbfrnxln zfxd kd rvablfk}f znxn nax`nx

~vf vk rfxqlbld fr mf bnclmnm+ N fkvmd rf mlbf ~vf cn bnclmnm

fr vk zxdhcf`n mf xfbvxrdr zfxd cn `n|dxn mf cdr zxdhcf`nr

rvfcfk rfx dxenklwn}lqdr+ Mf}xr mf vkn hvfkn dxenklwnblk

on| vk nv`fk}d mf cn ffb}lqlmnm# mf cn rn}lrnbblk mfc zxdf-


=6

]nhcn 8+ Zxlkblzncfr Evnr mf Zxb}lbn Bcklbn

Evn mf Zxb}lbn Bcklbn fkMlnhf}fr ]lzd LL mfc Rlr}f`n

Knbldknc mf Rncvm /RKR,

8::? o}}z7$$uuu+evlnrncvm+fr$kfuBn}ncded+nrz

NMN R}nkmnxmr d bclklbnc bnxf 8::? o}}z7$$bnxf+mlnhf}frgdvxkncr+dxe$

LMA 8::5 o}}z7$$uuu+lm+dxe$od`f$

Bnknmlnk ]nri Adxbf dk

Zxfqfk}lqf Ofnc}o Bnxf8::2 o}}z7$$uuu+mlnhf}fr+bn$

KLBF 8::? o}}z7$$uuu+klbf+dxe+vi$evlmnkbf

RLEK 8::>o}}z7$$uuu+rlek+nb+vi$evlmfclkf

r$vcc}f}$66$lkmf+o}`c

LBRL 8::6 o}}z7$$uuu+lbrl+dxe

Kvfqn Wfcnkmn 8::2 o}}z7$$uuu+kwee+dxe+kw

FRB-FNRM 8::5o}}z7$$uuu+frbnxmld+dxe$ikduc

fmef$evlmfclkfr

Rofafcm Evlmfclkf 8::6 o}}z7$$uuu+rof+nb+vi$evlmfclkfr$


55/190



=1

]nhcn2+FqncvnbldkfrzfxlmlbnrmfcexvzdEfmn

zr

8=

Ndmf

fqncvnblk

K

0

>#:

11#5

11#5

6=#8

6#:

8

6=#1

?2#>

?6#6

?>#1

5>#6

18#:

65#?

=?#8


56/190


=5

]nhcn2+FqncvnbldkfrzfxlmlbnrmfcexvzdEfmn

zr

8=

/bdk}lkvnblk,

Ndmf

fqncvnblk

K

0

>-?8+

8:+ Zxfw-Afxkkmfw @# Efxqr G+ Fc ffb}d bnrbnmn7 l`zclbnbldkfr bcklbnr# fzl-

mf`ldcelbnr | }lbnr+ @fm Bclk 8::89 >>?7 16-5+

8>+ Exffkfcm R# Klbdcvbbl N# @n}}if R+ Rfcfb}lke Lkmlbn}dxr dx }of ^vncl}| d

Mlnhf}fr Bnxf n} }of Ofnc}o R|r}f`r Cfqfc lk DFBM Bdvk}xlfr+ DFBM Ofnc}o

]fboklbnc Znzfxr k+ >6+ Znxr 8::=+ uuu+dfbm+dxe$fcr$ofnc}o$}fboklbnczn-

zfxr+

88+ Ufkr G# Rlxqfk I# @n}olv B# Znvcvr M# Xd|fk Z+ ^vncl}| lkmlbn}dxr dx }|zf-

8 mlnhf}fr bnxf lk zxnb}lbf evlmfclkfr7 Nk fn`zcf xd` rl Fvxdzfnk bdvk-

}xlfr+ Zxl` Bnxf Mlnhf} > /8::5, >5-82+

82+ @nx}lxdr|nk C# Hxnrzfkklke G# Mfkle Z# mf Exnvu UGB# Hdv`n @# R}dx`r A#f} nc+ Zxfrbxlhlke ~vncl}| lkmlbn}dxr d }|zf 8 mlnhf}fr `fccl}vr n`hvcn}dx|

bnxf+ ^vnc Rn Ofnc}o Bnxf+ 8::?9 >57 2>?-82+

8=+ EFMNZR7 Evn mf }xn}n`lfk}d mf cn mlnhf}fr }lzd 8 fk N}fkblk Zxl`nxln+ Xf-

bd`fkmnbldkfr bcklbnr bdk klqfcfr mf Fqlmfkbln+ /=+n fm+, 8::=+ Fcrfxqlfx

/fm,+

86+ Fr}xn}feln fk mlnhf}fr mfc Rlr}f`n Knbldknc mf Rncvm+ Rnklmnm 8::5+ @lklr-

}fxld mf Rnklmnm | Bdkrv`d+


1>


71/190


72/190

Xnanfc Xd}nfbof mfc Bn`zd# Zn}l Fwivxxn Cdldcn

Qnxlnhlclmnm fk cn n}fkblk n cn mlnhf}fr

}lzd 8 /M@8, | kfbfrlmnm mf Evnr mf Zxb}lbn

Bcklbn /EZB,

Cn qnxlnhlclmnm fk cn zxb}lbn bcklbn fr vkn xfnclmnm n cn ~vf kd

frbnzn cn n}fkblk n cn M@8+ Fk vk fr}vmld xfnclwnmd fk n}fkblkzxl`nxln mf 6 znrfr fvxdzfdr> /Frznn# Odcnkmn# Bxdnbln# Hc-elbn f Lkecn}fxxn, rf dhrfxqnxdk exnkmfr mlfxfkblnr }nk}d fk fc}lzd mf }xn}n`lfk}d v}lclwnmd# bd`d fk cnr mfxlqnbldkfr n mlf-xfk}fr frzfblnclmnmfr /fkmdbxlkdcden# d}nc`dcden# f}b+, d fkcnr zfxldmlblmnm mf cnr bdkrvc}nr+ Zdx fgf`zcd# fk cn `vfr}xn mfmlnh}lbdr frzndcfr onhn vk 86 & mf znblfk}fr rcd }xn}nmdrbdk mlf}n xfk}f nc >= & mf cdr odcnkmfrfr+

Fc k`fxd mf qlrl}nr vf `v| rvzfxldx fk Frznn | Bxdnbln |cnr }nrnr mf mfxlqnblk n n}fkblk frzfblnclwnmn }n`hlk vfxdk

qnxlnhcfr rlfkmd `v| rvzfxldxfr fk Bxdnbln+

Fr}n qnxlnhlclmnm }n`hlk rf `nklafr}n fk cn v}lclwnblk mf nk-}lmlnh}lbdr+ Fk vkn xfblfk}f fqncvnblk rdhxf bdkrv`d mf nk}l-mlnh}lbdr fk >: znrfr fvxdzfdr8 fzxfrnmnr fk MOM /mdrlr mln-xln mfaklmn zdx >::: onhl}nk}fr,+

12

Mf cn qnxlnhlclmnmnrlr}fkblnc n cnr evnrmf zxb}lbn bcklbn

fk mlnhf}fr


73/190

Cn v}lclwnblk mf lkrvclkn fk Lkecn}fxxn mdhcnhn nc mfc xfr}d mfznrfr `lfk}xnr ~vf fc vrd mf rvcdklcvxfnr fxn fc mdhcf fk Fr-

znn+ Fk bn`hld cn v}lclwnblk mf f}dx`lkn fxn vbod r vkl-dx`f+

Flr}f vkn qnxlnhlclmnm mf cn zxb}lbn bcklbn fzclbnhcf zdxcnr bnxnb}fxr}lbnr mf cdr znblfk}fr d zdx cn dxenklwnblk mfc rlr-}f`n rnkl}nxld+ Rlk f`hnxed# flr}f d}xn qnxlnhlclmnm lkfzclbn-hcf mfhlmn n cnr mlfxfk}fr mfblrldkfr nmdz}nmnr zdx cdr zxdf-rldkncfr fk cnr lr`nr blxbvkr}nkblnr nk}f cdr lr`dr znblfk}fr+

Fr}d zdmxn gvr}labnx fc mlfxfk}f zfxac mf v}lclwnblk mf nk}lmln-h}lbdr fk fc fr}vmld nk}fxldx8+

Cnr xnwdkfr zdx cnr ~vf flr}f fr}n qnxlnhlclmnm fk cn n}fkblkn cn M@8 fr vkn bvfr}lk rdhxf cn ~vf lkv|fk `c}lzcfr nb}dxfr+

Vkd mf fccdr zvfmf rfx cn v}lclwnblk mf mlfxfk}fr znv}nr mfnb}vnblk bcklbn+ Zdx fgf`zcd# fk fc fr}vmld fvxdzfd rfncnmd

nk}fxldx`fk}f>

rf dhrfxq ~vf cnr EZB v}lclwnmnr fk Frznn xf-bd`fkmnhnk fc fn`fk nkvnc mfc dkmd mf dgd `lfk}xnr ~vf fkd}xdr mdbv`fk}dr v}lclwnmdr fk d}xdr znrfr fvxdzfdr cn xfbd-`fkmnblk fxn bnmn 8 ndr+

Cn fcnhdxnblk mf EZB | rv l`zcf`fk}nblk zcnklabnmn zvfmf`fgdxnx cn zxb}lbn bcklbn2+ Zfxd fk fc bnrd mf cn M@8 fr}n `f-

gdxn rf qf mlabvc}nmn zdx cn zxdclfxnblk mf mdbv`fk}dr mfkd-`lknmdr EZB ~vf fk `vbonr dbnrldkfr zxfrfk}nk mlrbxfznkblnrfk}xf rvr xfbd`fkmnbldkfr+

Cnr Evnr mf Zxb}lbn Bcklbn /EZB, rdk vk bdkgvk}d mf xf-bd`fkmnbldkfr mfrnxxdccnmnr mf dx`n rlr}f`}lbn znxn n|vmnxn cdr zxdfrldkncfr | znblfk}fr n }d`nx mfblrldkfr rdhxf cn n}fk-blk rnkl}nxln `r nzxdzlnmn | n rfcfbbldknx cnr dzbldkfr mlne-kr}lbnr d }fxnzv}lbnr `r nmfbvnmnr n cn odxn mf nhdxmnx vk

zxdhcf`n mf rncvm d vkn bdkmlblk bcklbn frzfbabn+



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Mfk}xd mf cn Fr}xn}feln fk mlnhf}fr mfc Rlr}f`n Knbldknc mfRncvm /RKR, aevxn bd`d vkd mf rvr dhgf}lqdr Fcnhdxnx# nmnz}nx

d nmdz}nx | zdr}fxldx`fk}f l`zcnk}nx# fk fc `hl}d mf cnr BBNNevnr lk}fexnmnr mf zxb}lbn bcklbn mf nbvfxmd n cnr zxldxlmnmfr| bxl}fxldr mf bnclmnm fr}nhcfblmdr zdx fc RKR=+

Bxl}fxldr znxn rfcfbbldknx EZB-Fqncvnblk mf EZB

Fk kvfr}xn zxb}lbn nrlr}fkblnc v}lclwn`dr EZB bv|n bnclmnm |

xledx fk rv fcnhdxnblk rdk `v| qnxlnhcfr6

+ Rl olblxn`dr vknhr~vfmn fk ]xlz mn}nhnrf mf EZB rdhxf mlnhf}fr dh}fkmxn`dr>: n Fvxdzn |


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Xledx fk cn fcnhdxnblk7 zxdbfrd v}lclwnmd znxn xfvklx | rlk-}f}lwnx cn fqlmfkbln9 `}dmdr znxn dx`vcnx cnr xfbd`fkmn-

bldkfr | znxn nb}vnclwnxcnr+

Bcnxlmnm | zxfrfk}nblk7 cfkevngf | dx`n}d mf cn evn+

Nzclbnhlclmnm7 zdrlhcfr l`zclbnbldkfr mf cn nzclbnblk mf cnevn fk nrzfb}dr dxenklwn}lqdr# mf bd`zdx}n`lfk}d | mf bdr-}fr+

Lkmfzfkmfkbln fml}dxlnc7 lkmfzfkmfkbln mf cnr xfbd`fkmn-bldkfr | fc xfbdkdbl`lfk}d mf cdr zdrlhcfr bdklb}dr mf lk-}fxr zdx znx}f mfc exvzd mf mfrnxxdccd mf cn evn+

Bnmn bxl}fxld rf bcnrlabn bdk vkn frbncn Clifx} mf = zvk}dr+ Fcbdkgvk}d mf cn zvk}vnblk dh}fklmn kdr zfx`l}f bcnrlabnx cn EZBfk }xfr bn}fedxnr7

@v| xfbd`fkmnmn7 Bvnkmd cn evn zvk}n nc}d /2 n =, cn `n-|dxn mf cdr }f`r | cn `n|dxn mf cnr zvk}vnbldkfr mf cnr xfnrrdk rvzfxldxfr n 1: &+

Fr}d lkmlbn ~vf cn evn }lfkf vkn nc}n bnclmnm efkfxnc | ~vf zd-mxn rfx bdkrlmfxnmn znxn rv vrd fk cn zxb}lbn rlk }fkfx ~vf `d-mlabnxcn+

Xfbd`fkmnmn /bdk bdkmlbldkfr d `dmlabnbldkfr,7 Cn evnzvk}n nc}d /2 n =, d hngd /> d 8, fk vk k`fxd rl`lcnx mf }f`r| cn `n|dxn mf cnr zvk}vnbldkfr mf cnr xfnr rf fkbvfk}xnk fk}xf2: | 1: &+

Fr}d lkmlbn ~vf cn evn }lfkf vkn `dmfxnmn bnclmnm efkfxnc+ Rfbdkrlmfxn ~vf lk}xdmvblfkmd ncevknr dmlabnbldkfr rlf`zxf ~vfcn lkdx`nblk rdhxf fc `}dmd mf fcnhdxnblk fr} hlfk mfrbxl}dfr}n evn zdmxn rfx bdkrlmfxnmn znxn rv vrd# frzfblnc`fk}f



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bvnkmd kd on| d}xnr mlrzdklhcfr rdhxf fc `lr`d bdk}fklmd bc-klbd+

Kd xfbd`fkmnmn7 Cn evn zvk}n hngd /> d 8, fk cn `n|dxn mfcdr }f`r | cn `n|dxn mf cnr zvk}vnbldkfr mf cnr xfnr rdk lkf-xldxfr n 2: &+

Fr}d lkmlbn ~vf cn evn }lfkf vkn hngn bnclmnm efkfxnc | rfxlnrmfablfkblnr+ Zdx }nk}d# kd mfhfxn rfx xfbd`fkmnmn znxn rv vrdfk cn zxb}lbn+

Fk cn aevxn > rf zxfrfk}n cn zvk}vnblk mf cn fqncvnblk mf + Mfcl`l}nblk mfc ncbnkbf | dhgf}lqdr+8+ Bxfnblk mfc exvzd fcnhdxnmdx mf cn EZB+2+ Adx`vcnblk mf zxfevk}nr bcklbnr /ZLBD,+=+ Hr~vfmn# fqncvnblk | rk}frlr mf cn cl}fxn}vxn+

6+ Adx`vcnblk mf cnr xfbd`fkmnbldkfr+1+ Xfqlrlk f}fxkn+5+ Fmlblk mf cn EZB+



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Nmf`r# cdr }f`nr zvfmfk rfx `v| f}fkrdr | zvfmf xfrvc}nx`r dzfxn}lqd fc mlqlmlx cnr mlfxfk}fr xfnr mf vk zxdhcf`n fk

rvbfrlqnr EZB+ Zdx fgf`zcd# KLBF on zvhclbnmd mdbv`fk}dr ml-fxfk}fr fk cn mlnhf}fr 87 bdk}xdc ecvb`lbd# zlf mlnh}lbd# kf-xdzn}n | xf}lkdzn}n8+ Cn xfblfk}f EZB rdhxf M@8 knbldkncbdkbxf}n fr}n nrf mf fr}n dx`n7 Cn EZB rf bfk}xn fk fc bvl-mnmd mfc znblfk}f fk fc `fmld f}xnodrzl}ncnxld | kd }xn}n cn mln-hf}fr efr}nbldknc kl cnr bd`zclbnbldkfr nevmnr `f}nhclbnr mfcn fkfx`fmnm9 xfrzfb}d n cnr bd`zclbnbldkfr `lbxd | `nbxdnk-eldz}lbnr# cn EZB nhdxmn rv bxlhnmd# zxfqfkblk# mlnekr}lbd |

nrzfb}dr znxblncfr mfc }xn}n`lfk}d+ Mf fr}n dx`n fc mdbv`fk}drfx v| }lc znxn cdr zxdfrldkncfr mf n}fkblk zxl`nxln# zfxd kdznxn vk elkfbcded zdx fgf`zcd+

Fr}f mdbv`fk}d rf mlxlef n cdr rlevlfk}fr vrvnxldr7 fmvbnmd-xfr fk mlnhf}fr# `mlbdr mf n`lcln# zxdfrldkncfr mf fkfx`fxnmf n}fkblk zxl`nxln | frzfblnclwnmn# fkmdbxlkcdedr | d}xdr fr-

zfblnclr}nr ~vf n}lfkmfk n znblfk}fr mf dx`n n`hvcn}dxln /d-}nc`cdedr# lk}fxklr}nr# bnxmlcdedr# kfxcdedr# zdmcdedr# bl-xvgnkdr efkfxncfr | qnrbvcnxfr# f}b+,+

Bdkrvc}nx bdk zxdfrldkncfr fzfx}dr mfc }f`n ~vf rf qn n}xn}nx7 Znxn bdkrfevlx vkn hvfkn mfaklblk mfc bdk}fklmd mf cn

zxdzvfr}n dx`nclwnmn fk fc mdbv`fk}d fr bdkqfklfk}f bdkrvc}nxbdk fzfx}dr | zd}fkblncfr lf`hxdr mfc exvzd fcnhdxnmdx mf cnevn znxn nrfevxnx ~vf onk rlmd bdkrlmfxnmnr cnr xfnr xfcfqnk-}fr+ Cn qlkbvcnblk mf cdr zxdfrldkncfr fzfx}dr kdr zvfmf nbl-

cl}nx cn mlvrlk zdr}fxldx mf cn EZB+

Bd`zdrlblk | vkbldkn`lfk}d mfc exvzd fcnhdxnmdx

Cn bdkr}l}vblk mfc exvzd fcnhdxnmdx fr vkn zlfwn bcnqf znxn fcl}d mfc zxd|fb}d+ Cn bdkr}l}vblk mf vk exvzd `vc}lmlrblzclknxfr l`zdx}nk}f znxn enxnk}lwnx ~vf7

]dmnr cnr xfnr zxdfrldkncfr xfcnbldknmnr fr}k xfzxfrfk}n-mnr+



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]dmn cn lkdx`nblk blfk}abn rfn cdbnclwnmn | fqncvnmn nmf-bvnmn`fk}f+

Rf lmfk}la~vfk | rf }xn}fk cdr zxdhcf`nr zxb}lbdr mfxlqnmdrmfc vrd mf cn evn+

Nv`fk}f cn bxfmlhlclmnm | cn nbfz}nblk mf cn evn fk}xf cdrvrvnxldr+

Rf `lkl`lbfk cnr hnxxfxnr fk cn v}lclwnblk mf cnr EZB+

Cdr zfxacfr ~vf bd`zdkfk fc exvzd fcnhdxnmdx | cnr vkbldkfrbdk cnr bnxnb}fxr}lbnr mfrfnhcfr zvfmfk qnxlnx mfzfkmlfkmd mfc}lzd mf zxd|fb}d+ Fc bnxb}fx cdbnc# knbldknc d lk}fxknbldknc nrbd`d cn lklbln}lqn mfc zxd|fb}d# lkr}l}vbldknc d mf vkn rdblfmnmblfk}abn xfrvc}nk mf}fx`lknk}fr fk cn bd`zdrlblk mfc EFE+

N bdk}lkvnblk rf mfrbxlhfk ncevknr bnxnb}fxr}lbnr mf bnmn

zfxac7

Cmfx7 fr zxffxlhcf ~vf rfn vk bcklbd bdk vk zxdvkmd bd-kdbl`lfk}d mfc }f`n dhgf}d mf cn EZB# | rfn vkn aevxn bdkxfbdkdbl`lfk}d mfk}xd mf rv frzfblnclmnm+

Bcklbdr7zxdfrldkncfr nrlr}fkblncfr bdk fzfxlfkbln fk fc}f`n dhgf}d mf cn EZB | bdk bnznblmnm znxn }xnhngnx fkf~vlzd+

Fzfx}dr fk `f}dmdcden /F@,7 rdk frzfblnc`fk}f kfbfrn-xldr rvr bdkdbl`lfk}dr rdhxf cfb}vxn bx}lbn | rk}frlr mf cn lk-dx`nblk+ Fzfxlfkbln fk cn fcnhdxnblk mf vkn EZB+

Mdbv`fk}nclr}n7 bdcnhdxn fr}xfbon`fk}f bdk fc EFE fk fcmlrfd mf cnr fr}xn}felnr mf hr~vfmn | fk cn zxdqlrlk mf cnhlhcldexnn kfbfrnxln+



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Znblfk}fr$bvlmnmdxfr7 rv zxfrfkbln bdk}xlhv|f n ~vf rf }fkenfk bvfk}n cn qlrlk mf cdr | cnr znblfk}fr f l`zdx}nk}f znxn cn

fcnhdxnblk mfc `n}fxlnc frbxl}d znxn cdr znblfk}fr+

Bdcnhdxnmdx fzfx}d7zxdfrldknc bcklbd bdk zxfr}leld fk fc`hl}d mf cn evn+ Rv vkblk fr mfcl`l}nx cnr zxfevk}nr bc-klbnr lklblncfr | xfqlrnx cnr xfbd`fkmnbldkfr+

Fk cn fcfbblk mf cdr `lf`hxdr mfc Exvzd fcnhdxnmdx mf cnEvn /EFE, fr kfbfrnxld }fkfx fk bvfk}n fk}xf d}xdr fc k`fxd

mf zxdfrldkncfr kfbfrnxld /xfbd`fkmnhcf fk}xf rflr | mdbf,+ Cnbd`zdrlblk bvncl}n}lqn mfhf xfvklx cnr mlfxfk}fr qlrldkfr mfc}f`n# zdx fgf`zcd fk vkn EZB rdhxf mlnhf}fr mfhfxn mf lkbcvlxbd`d `kl`d `mlbdr mf n`lcln# fkmdbxlkcdedr# fmvbnmdxfrfk mlnhf}fr# fkfx`fxnr# mfhfxnk }fkfx fzfxlfkbln fk fc }f`n |rfx xfzxfrfk}n}lqdr mf cdr zxlkblzncfr exvzdr mf lk}fxr+ Fc EFEmfhf bdk}nx bdk fzfx}dr fk onhlclmnmfr mf hr~vfmn# cfb}vxnbx}lbn | rk}frlr mf cn fqlmfkbln blfk}abn# cd lmfnc rfxn ~vf cdr

bcklbdr }vqlfxnk fzfxlfkbln fk fr}dr }f`nr | bnznblmnm mf }xn-hngnx fk f~vlzd# nr bd`d mlrzdklhlclmnm mf }lf`zd znxn fcnhd-xnblk mf cn evn | bdkdbl`lfk}d mfc `fmld mdkmf cn `lr`n qn nrfx l`zcf`fk}nmn+ ]dmd mfzfkmfx mfc `hl}d mdkmf rf mfr-nxxdccn cn EZB | mf rv zdr}fxldx mlvrlk+

Fc vkbldkn`lfk}d mfc f~vlzd mfhf hvrbnx fc exnmd r nc}d mfxledx | fablfkbln+ Cn bdkr}l}vblk mfc f~vlzd | zcnklabnblk mfc}xnhngd rvfcfk rfx dhgf}d mf cn zxl`fxn xfvklk mfc exvzd+

Kd flr}fk x`vcnr `elbnr xfrzfb}d nc k`fxd mf xfvkld-kfr efkfxncfr+ Cn fzfxlfkbln kdr mlbf ~vf cnr xfvkldkfr efkf-xncfr kvkbn mfhfk rfx mf`nrlnmnr /nbdkrfgnhcf ncxfmfmdx mf}xfr,+

Vkn qfw cnr zxfevk}nr bcklbnr fr}k mfaklmnr rf rvfcf }xnhngnxfk exvzdr r xfmvblmdr /8-2 zfxrdknr, onr}n cn xfmnbblk mf vk



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hdxxnmdx bdk cnr xfbd`fkmnbldkfr ~vf xfrzdkmfk n cnr zxfevk-}nr dx`vcnmnr+

Cdr bcklbdr ~vf znx}lblznk fk cn fcnhdxnblk mf vkn evn rvf-cfk kfbfrl}nx dx`nblk rdhxf fc mfrnxxdccd mf cnr EZB hnrnmnrfk cn fqlmfkbln | rdhxf cnr ofxxn`lfk}nr ~vf rf kfbfrl}nk znxn rvfcnhdxnblk+ Cn dx`nblk hrlbn mfhlfxn }xn}nx nc `fkdr fr}drnrzfb}dr7 mlrfd | fcnhdxnblk mf cn EZB# dx`vcnblk mf cnr zxf-evk}nr bcklbnr# hr~vfmn | rfcfbblk mf cn cl}fxn}vxn# fqncvnblk| rk}frlr mf cn fqlmfkbln blfk}abn# dx`vcnblk mf cnr xfbd`fk-

mnbldkfr# mlvrlk f l`zcf`fk}nblk+ Cd `r nzxdzlnmd fr xfncl-wnx cn dx`nblk zdx `mvcdr rvbfrlqdr mf dx`n ~vf cdr `lf`-hxdr mfc exvzd nbbfmnk n fccdr rfek rvr kfbfrlmnmfr+

Cn }xnkrznxfkbln fk cn mfbcnxnblk mf fr}nr evnr flef ~vf}dmdr cdr `lf`hxdr mfc EFE# bdcnhdxnmdxfr# fzfx}dr | xfqlrd-xfr# xfnclbfk vkn bvlmnmdrn mfbcnxnblk mf lk}fxfrfr+ Rf bdkrl-mfxnk cdr rlevlfk}fr }lzdr mf lk}fxfrfr7 cdr zfxrdkncfr# ~vf l`-

zclbnk odkdxnxldr d hfkfabldr zfxrdkncfr mf vk `lf`hxd mfcf~vlzd | cdr kd zfxrdkncfr# l`zclbnk vkn aknkblnblk ~vf hfkf-abln nc mfznx}n`fk}d d vklmnm hngd xfrzdkrnhlclmnm mlxfb}lqn mfvk lf`hxd mfc f~vlzd# rlk ~vf r}f cd xfblhn zfxrdknc`fk}f+ Fkkvfr}xd `fmld# rf xfbd`lfkmn mfbcnxnx cdr lk}fxfrfr mf cdr c}l-`dr }xfr ndr | onhl}vnc`fk}f cd ~vf rf mfbcnxn fr fc }lzd mf nb-}lqlmnm | fc kd`hxf mf cn bd`znn# kd cn bvnk}n+ Cnr fqncvn-bldkfr mf fr}f nznx}nmd fk cnr EZB knbldkncfr `nklafr}nk ~vf}dmnqn fr vkn zxb}lbn bdk vk n`zcld `nxefk mf `fgdxn>2+

Cnr mfbcnxnbldkfr mfhfk xfnclwnxrf nk}fr mf cn bdkr}l}vblk mf-akl}lqn mfc EFE+

Adx`vcnblk mf cnr zxfevk}nr bcklbnr

Fc dhgf}lqd mf fr}n f}nzn fr fcnhdxnx fc clr}nmd mf cnr zxfevk}nrbcklbnr ~vf mfrnxxdccfk fc }f`n ~vf nhdxmn cn evn+ Cn xfrzvfr}nn fr}nr zxfevk}nr n|vmnx n cdr vrvnxldr mf cn EZB n }d`nx cnr ml-



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fxfk}fr mfblrldkfr ~vf rf zcnk}fnk nc lk}fk}nx }xn}nx fc zxdhcf`ndhgf}d mf cn evn+

Fr l`zdx}nk}f ~vf fc k`fxd mf zxfevk}nr bcklbnr rfn nhdx-mnhcf znxn fc exvzd fcnhdxnmdx mf cn evn /EFE, fk fc }lf`zd`nxbnmd | bdk cdr xfbvxrdr mlrzdklhcfr znxn rv mfrnxxdccd+ \nof`dr bd`fk}nmd zxfqln`fk}f ~vf zvfmf rfx zxffxlhcf cn fr-}xn}feln mf zvhclbnx mlfxfk}fr EZB rdhxf mlfxfk}fr nrzfb}dr mfvk zxdhcf`n mf rncvm+

Fc clr}nmd mf zxfevk}nr zvfmf bdk}f`zcnx nrzfb}dr mf }xn}n-`lfk}d# mf mlnekr}lbd# mf zxdkr}lbd# mf dxenklwnblk# mf zxf-qfkblk | d}xdr+

Rdhxf vknr zxfevk}nr efkxlbnr# mfaklmnr zdx fc zxd`d}dx mfcn evn# fc EFE | cdr bdcnhdxnmdxfr fzfx}dr onk mf bdkbxf}nxcnr zxfevk}nr bcklbnr `r nmfbvnmnr# znxn cd bvnc rf xf~vlfxf`vbonr qfbfr vkn hr~vfmn hlhcldexabn zxfcl`lknx ~vf zfx`l}n

xfdx`vcnx | efkfxnx kvfqnr zxfevk}nr+ Fk fr}n nrf xfrvc}n frfk-blnc onbfx vkn fqncvnblk mf cnr EZB `r xfcfqnk}fr rdhxf fc}f`n /Ale+ >,+

Fr l`zdx}nk}f ~vf nc aknc mf fr}f zxdbfrd rf mlrzdken mf vk clr-}nmd mf }dmnr cnr zxfevk}nr bcklbnr# bcnrlabnmnr fk cdr mlfxfk-}fr nznx}nmdr fk ~vf rf on fr}xvb}vxnmd cn n}fkblk nc }f`n dh-

gf}d mf cn EZB+ Fk cn ]nhcn > rf zxfrfk}nk cnr zxfevk}nr mfcnznx}nmd rdhxf bdk}xdc ecvb`lbd mf cn EZB rdhxf M@8+

Fr}xvb}vxn mf cnr zxfevk}nr+ Adx`n}d ZLBD

Znxn }xnkrdx`nx vkn zxfevk}n bcklbn efkxlbn n vkn fr}xvb}v-xnmn mf dx`n frzfbabn bdk fc dx`n}d ZLBD# rf mfhfk }fkfx fkbvfk}n cdr rlevlfk}fr bd`zdkfk}fr7

Znblfk}f7 exvzd mf fmnm | rfd# fr}nmld mf cn fkfx`fmnm#bd`dxhlclmnm# `hl}d mf n}fkblk# f}b+



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tomo 6 - la mejora asistencial del diabético

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