rJIACHHK WYMAPCKOr <DAKYJITETA,I;~9!:!,~):(,}OO~,6p:~7,c1'p~9-23BIBLID: 0353-4537, (2003), 87, P 9-23

,ll;paraH Kapauah UDK: 630*443Ilpernenna pan

TIAROSPORELLA BPCTE HA qETIIHAPIIMA:PACIIPOCTPAlhElhE II 3HAqAJ

M380):\: POll Tiarosporella caapxca 8 BpCTa rn.aaa OLl KOjl1X ce 4 jaan.ajy aa qeTl1­napava. OBe rn.aae Me1)yc06Ho ce paannxyjy no Benl1ql1HI1 KOHI1Lll1ja 11 no 06rrl1Kynpaaesaxa (aneuanueca) KOjl1 ce ofipasyjy na ropn.oj CTpaHI1 KOHI1Lll1ja (nl1KHOCnO­pa). Y Espon« cy KOHCTaTOBaHe cavo 2 npcre, T. parca ce jaan,a aa BpCTaMa 113pona Picea (P. abies 11 P. omorika), a T. durmitorensis ocrsapyje sapase na qe'fI1­

aasra jcnc (Abies alba). T. parca p33BI1ja ce xao "eHLlo!jJl1T" 11 nrrOLlOHOCl1 caao xa­na cy qeTI1He y611jeHe ycnen nexor crpeca I1nl1 aa CTapl1M qe-rl1HaMa. T. durmito­rensis je spno arpecasaa rraroren 11 KOnOHI1311pa xernae jene CBI1X Ll06a CTapOCTI1.3ajeLlHo ca Llpyrl1M rJbl1BaMa I133311Ba cytuerse crafiarra, 3a caaa je T. durmitoren­sis KOHCTaTOBaHa cavo y wyMaMa jene na nonpysjy HaUI10HammX napxosa ",LOrp­MI1TOp" 11 .Baorpancxa Fopa",

KJbYlfHe pelf": Tiarosporella spp., -rermtapa, pacnpocrpan.en,e, saaxaj

TIAROSPORELLA SPECIES: DISTRIBUTION AND SIGNIFICANCEAbstract: The genus Tiarosporella consists of eight species of which four occur onconifers. These fungi differ in conidial size and in the form of appendages that oc­cur on the distal end of the conidia (pycnospore). In Europe only the two specieshave been recorded. T. parca occurs on the species of the genus Picea (P. abies andP. omorika), while T. durmitorensis infests fir (Abies alba). T. parca can be con­sidered, as an endophyte, and it sporulates only when the needles die due to a stressor old age. T. durmitorensis is a very aggressive pathogen colonizing fir needles ofall ages. Together with other fungi, it leads to tree death. So far, T. durmitotensishas been found only in European silver fir stands in the National Park .Durmitor"and in the National Park .Biogradska Gora".Key words: Tiarosporella spp., conifers, distribution, significance

1. YBO,lJ;

Mehy l/eTHHapcKHMspcraaa npseha y nauioj 3eMJbH, nocefiau 3Hal/aj HMajy CMp­

-ra, jena H 60pOBH. Ilocnenn.ax 50 ronnna, na OBHM spcraaa npseha, onncaao je smne

op Ilpazan Kapauuh, pea. npotpecop, Lllyuapcxu paK}'llmem Yuueepeumema y Beozpaoy, Beoepao

9

J],paraH Kapaunh

napa311THI1X rJbI1Ba xoje yrpoacasajy lhl1XOB nopuanaa Pa3BOj nonenma 0)), MJIa)),I1X 611­rsaxa y paca)),HI1UI1Ma na )),0 o)),paCJII1X crafiana y npHpO)),HI1M cacrojaaava. Y '1eTI1HapC­KHM pacanaauuaa nocetiao BeJIHKe urrere npH'IHlhaBajyFusarium 1I Lophodermium sp­CTe (K ap au ah , A Hq eJI lin, 2001, JJaa ape B, 1983/a,2001). Y xynrypaua Pinus apcra)),OMlIHaHTHe cy napaaarne rrsuse Mycosphaerella pini, Sphaeropsis sapinea, Armillariaspp. 11 Cenangiumjerruginosum (Ka p au ah , 1986, 1987, 1989/a,6, 1990, 1997, Kapa­u a h , CToja)),HHOBl1n, 1988, Kap au ah , MapI1HKOBl1n, 1990, Kap au ah eta!.,1990, Kap au a h , 30pl1n, 1994, Kap au ah , Mun aj am es ah , 1998, M I1JIl1j am e­B11n, 1994, 2001). MeCTHMH'IHO (OC06HTO Y nJIaHI1HCKI1M peraonava) 036HJbHe nrrerenpa-nm.aaajy 11 rJbI1Be Gremmeniella abietina, Phacidium injestans 11 Lophodermella sul­cigena (MapI1HKOBHll, Kap au ah , 1983, Kap au ah , 1996, Kap au nh et al., 2002,JJa3ape B, 1983/6, 2001). Y npapoznnra '1eTHHapCKI1M llIyMaMa, BeJII1Ke urrere 113a3H­sajy rrsnae Heterobasidion annosum H Armillaria ostoyae (Ka pa UI1n, Byj an OB I1n,1993, Ka p au I1n, A Hq eJII1n, 2002, JJaaap es , 2001, A Hq eJIn h , 2002).

Ha '1eTI1HaMa jene, CMptJe 11 osropaxe, jasrsajy ce H aexe rJbI1Be xoje npananajypony Tiarosporella. Oaaj pon ooyxsara peJIaTI1BHO ManH 6poj BpCTa. Ilpeua S u t ton-y(1980) pon Tiarosporella canpxu 7 spcra, 0)), KOjl1X ce cavo 3 jaarsajy aa '1eTHHapl1Ma.0)), OBe 3 spore y Espona je 61lJla safieneaceaa casrorJbI1Ba T. parca. Henasao je K ap a­u 11 II (1998/a) KOHCTaTOBao aa tJeTHHaMa jene jenny HOBy rJbI1BY H3 osor pozta 11 onncaoje non Ha3HBOM Tiarosporella durmitorensis.

Kaxo cy rJbI1Be 113 pozta Tiarosporella peJIaTI1BHO Manon03HaTe, UI1Jb osor panajena ce yxazce aa OCHOBHe KapaKTepl1CTI1Ke oaor pona, pa3JII1Ke 113Meqy BpCTa, lhl1XOBO pa­cnpocrpaa.ea,e 11 sua-raj, Y pany je nocefino )),eTaJbHO onncaaa rJbI1Ba T. durmitorensis,xoja aa HeKI1M JIOKanl1TeTHMa na nonpysjy H.ll. ".ll:YPMI1TOP" npasmsaaa BeJII1Ke WTeTeH )),OBO)),11 )),0 cynren,a crafiana jene,

2. PO,n; TIAROSPORELLA HOHNEL

Osaj pon cnana y xnacy Coelomycetes (Fungi imperfecti ca nHKHI1)),HMa, auepsy­JIaMa H crpouaaa) 11 xapaxrepame ce TI1Me llITOKOHH)),l1je I1Majy na xpajeamta 6e360jHenpnnecxe, Ilnononocna TeJIa cy nI1KHI1)),I1, KOjl1 cy y noxerxy y TKI1BY )),oManI1Ha, a 3aTHMy 3peJIOCTI1 H3611jajy na nOBplllI1HY. llHKHI1)),H cy oKpymaCTI1I1JIH ManoCnJbOWTeHI1, jen­HOJIoKYJIapHI1 (BpJIO perxo Bl1ll1eJIOKyJIapHI1), maTKI1, MpKO cMeql1 I1JII1 UPHI1 11 na BPXY ceoraapajy 6pa)),aBH'IaCTOM, oxpyrnacrou OCTHOJIOM. CnOJbHI1311)), nnxnana.je asrpahen 0)),finaro H3)),y)l(eHI1X, MpKocMeqHx HJII1 cMeqHx hennja, nefienax 311)),OBa (rexcrypa aaryna­pI1C), a yuyrpaman 3H)), 0)), 6e360jHI1X hennja, TaHKI1X 311)),oBa (rexcrypa npI13MaTI1Ka).KOHH)),1101fJ0PI1 cy penyxosana aa KOHI1)),110reHe lleJIl1je xoje acnyrsaaajy ynyrpaunsocrKOHI1)),110MaTa (nI1KHI1)),a). KOHI1)),110reHe hermje ("holoblastic") )),HcKpeTHe, y OCHOBI1npourapene (qmamacre), 6e360jHe, rnarxe, ca KOHI1)),l1jaMa 06pa30BaHI1M 0)), yHyTpalll­lhl1X hennja nI1KHI1)),CKor 311)),a. KOHI1)),l1je (nopexna "holoblastic") cy6UI1JII1H)),pI1'lHe )),0

10

Tiarosporella BpCTe na 4enlHapHMa: pacnpocrpan.en,e H 3Ha4aj

BpCTCHaCTC, y OCIiOBIf paBHC, a aa BPXY 3a06JhCHe, npase IfJlIf MaJIO canajene, 1- henaj­CKC, TaHKHX-3lfp,OBa, maTKC, ca YJhaHHM xanrsauaaa (ana 6C3 lhHX), Ha xpajy ca jcP,HlfM

>KeJlaTlfH03HlfM nonarxo«, HaCTaJIlfM oP,BajalhcM on OCHOBe OMOTalla xoja oxpyxyje Mna­

ne KOHHP,lfjC. )I{enaTlfH03HH, 6e360jHIf npusesax aa BPXY (appendix) MO>Ke 6lfTH y 06nH­

xy nenese IfnH je y 06nHKy nnnaxa (aajseurhe 2 no 4).

Bpno cnHlIaH pony Tairosporella je pon Choanatiara. Ilpesra Nag Raj If D i­Cos m 0 (1984) spcre pona Choanatiara ce xapaxrepnury jcP,HOJlOKYnapHHM nHKHIf­

p,lfMa, MpKocMeqe no upne 60jc, na BPXY ca BlfjyraBlfM, 60'iHlfM BpaToM If 6pap,aBlfllac­

TOM OCTlfOJlOM (Kpy>KHOM Ifnlf jajacrou). 3Hp, nlfKHHp,a CaCTaBJheH on aesonaso aspazce­

HlfX cnojesa. Kouannoreae hennje ucnya.aaejy myrrrsnay KOHIIp,lfoMaTa, TaHKIIX cy 31I­

nosa If rnarxe, Koannaje spereuacre (cyxeue y OCHOBII), 1- hennjcxe, no nopexny "blas­

tic-phialidic", TaHK031Ip,He, rnarxe, ca neBKaCTIIM, CJlY3acTIIM, BprnHIIM IfJlH excuearpnx­

HlfM anennnuecon If cnyaacrau 6a3aJIHIIM OMOTa4eM.

Y OKBlfPY pona Tiarosporella onacano je 8 upcra, Ilopen 4 spcre xoje ce jasn.ajy

aa qCTlfHapcKlfM apcraua npseha, KOHCTaTOBaHe cy If cnenehe BpCTe: T. graminis (y OK­

nnpy OBe BpCTe 1I3P,BojcHa cy 2 sapnjerera: graminis II karoo. T. graminis var. graminisje aafienexena y CA,lJ, sa CyBOM nmuhy Calamovilfa longifolia If y Jy>KHOj A<pplfulI aa

Triticum aestivum, a T. graminis var. karoo je KOHCTaTOBaHa y Jy>KHOj A<PPlfUII aa CYBlfM

cTa6JhlfKaMa Tribulus terrestris, Eriocephalus sp. If Nestlera sp.), T. madreeya (safene­

>KeHa je y I1Hp,lfjlf aa CYBlfM cTa6JhlfKaMa Aristida setacea), T. paludosa (xoncraroaana

y Enrnecxoj aa Scirpus caespitosus) If T. tritici (aafienexena y Jy>KHOj A<PPHUIf aa CYBlfM

cTa6JhlfKaMa Triticum aestivum) (Sutton, Marasas, 1976, Nag Ray, 1993).

Ta6eJ1a 1. Ynopezme KapaKTepHCTHKe Tiarosporella spp. na 4CTHHapHMa

Table 1. Comparative characteristics of Tiarosporella spp. on conifers

11~~b:~~ 150:;~~5,1(2~~;:;~~,I~b~~~~:aj.P:~:~~~·i\1

I'

-II

I x -, 42-65x(3)4-5(7)' P"oulo.aga - KaHM' I~ T.pseudotsugae J600x300 1~_O-250~ Q3)40-65oX(4)6-72. me!Fie~ii _~-~c ,==,=ccc .jI Wh i tney et al. (1975)2Nag Ray (1993)

II

,lJ,paraH Kapauah

3. TIAROSPORELLA BPCTE HA qETHHAPHMA

Ha sermrapciooa BpCTaMa npseha cy KOHCTaTOBaHe cneztehe BpCTe H3 ponaTiarosporella: T. abietis, T. durmitorensis, T. parca H T. pseudotsugae. Y Ta6cJIH 1 narecy ynopenne KapaKTepHcTHKC OBHX napasarnax rn.naa.

3.1. Tiarosporella abietis Whitney, Reid & Pirozynski

DpCMa W hit n ey -y H capannanaua (1975), OBa rn.naa ce xapaxrepuure nHKHI1­,n:I1Ma KOjC ce ofipasyjy aa JIHUY lJCTHHe I1JIH ca 06e crpane. DHKHH,n:H cy cytierrnnepuan­HH, paafiauann HJIH y rpynaaa, BcnHHoM JlHCKpenm, CBCTJIH, TaMHo-cMcryH HJIH UpHH(xana cy CyBH), OBaJIHI1 no CJIHnTHlJHI1, BeJIHlJHHe 550x350x225 um (,n:y)J<HHaXIllHpH­HaXBI1CHHa), nOHCKa,n: CaCTaBJbCHH 11 raaa ,n:y)J{HHC no 1 mm, orsapajy ce npexo jCJlHCyCHHUC HJIH oopaaoeaa.ea 60lJHC HJIH spume nope. CnOJbHH 3H,n: nHKlm,n:a MpKocMery HIllHpOKno 85 um, a yuyrpauia.a 6c360jaH H IllHpOK,n:O 25 um. Ynyrpaum.a 3H,n: nHKHH,n:anOKpHBclI KpaTKHM KOHHJlHoepopaMa. KOHHJlHOepOPH (=KoHHJlI10reHe hennje) TaHK03H,n:­1111, 6e360j1lH, KOHWIIII1 no epJIalllaCTI1, BeJIl1lJl111C 5,5-1 O(14)x3-7 um 11 aa CBaKOM ce 06­pasyje no jezma TCpMI1HaJIHa KOHH,n:l1ja. KOHI1,n:l1je jenaohennjcxe, TaIIK03H,n:He, XHjaJII1H­CKC, UI1JII1H,n:Pl1lJHC no fiarnuacre, npase I1JII1 MaJIO caanjene, na xpajeanaa 3a06JhCHe,BeJIl1lJl1l1e 29-45 x5-8(9) um; y nOlJeTKY rpanynacre H ospyzcene je,n:IIHM JIenJbI1BI1M CJIO­je«, a y 3peJIOCTl1 ca YJballHM xann.auaua H na BPXY ca JIenC3aCTHM, 6C360jHl1M rrpuaec­KOM (OCTaTKOM ncnenanor )J{eJIaTH1I03Hor cnoja KOjl1 ofiasaja MJIa,n:c KOHI1,n:l1je).

CJIl1lJaH ornrc OBe rJbHBC aaje 11 Nag Ray (1993), CTHM IllTO osaj ayrop nasonuna BeJIWll1l1a nl1KIIH,n:a H3HOCl1 500x300 flm (nysomaxurupaua), KOHI1,n:110reIlI1X henuja5-10x3-6 um (npOCelJHO 7,5 x3,5 um), a KOHI1,n:l1ja (29)36-42x(7,5)8-9 flm (npocesno39 x8,5 flll1). I1CTI1 ayropn, xao ,n:oManl1He aa rJbHBY T. abietis, aanone Abies balsamea, A.concolor, A. grandis 11 A. lasiocarpa. OBa napasnrua rJbI1Ba je aafienexceua y Kanann(Ontario, Yukon Territory, Alberta) H C.A.,L(. (Oregon). W hit n ey 11 capa.n:III1UI1 (1975)cstarpajy na je "teleomorph" cranujya OBe rJbI1Be Darkera abietis Whitney, Reid & Piro­zynski. MeryyTI1M, KaKO HCTHlJe Fun k (1985), OBa sesa IIHKa,n:a nnje 6l1JIa noxasana, TaKOna ce Y3l1Ma ca peaepaov.

3.2. Tiarosporella durmitorensis Karadzic

OUHC rJhHBC

OBa rn.nsa ofipasyje nnononocua TeJIa nI1KIIH,n:e. DI1KHI1,n:H ce oopasyjy ca JIHualJeTI1He, a BpJIO pCTKO H ca HaJIHlJja xeruaa, DpOCClJIIO CC aa csaxoj lJeTI1HH epopMHpa 27nHKHH,n:a (npocc-raa JlY)J{HHa lJCTHHa 15 mm). DHKIIH,n:11 cy cytierumepvanua H cyoxano­,n:epMaJIliH Hy 3peJIOCTH pasapaa.eu OBHX TKHBa H35Hjajy aa nospunmy -reruae, Y BpCMacaspesaisa nHKIIH,n:a lJeTHHe cy ueJIOM ,n:y)J{HIiOM je,n:HOJIl1lJHO 060jeHe (finenozcyhxacreHJIH cnasacre). IlHKIIHJlH cy nojenunasnn, pa36auaHHHJIH 06pa30BaHH y rpynava, OTBa­pajy ce OCTl10JIOM xoja jc CMCIllTeHa y cpenann TIHKHH,n:a HJIH ca crpaae; aajxeurhe cy

12

Tiarosporella npcre na -rernuaproaa: pacnpocrpaiserse H 3Ha'laj

._-_._-~-------

Tiarosporella abietis Tiarosporella durmitorensisf----------------f---,.'w.. ''.w·--<-----..---------I

Tiarosporella pseudotsugae

en. 1. Tiarosporella spp. na '1eTHHapHMa (npecex Kp03 nHKHH.ll. H KOIlH.ll.Hje)Fig. 1. Tiarosporella spp. on conifers (pycnidium - vertical sections and conidia)

13

)],parauKapauah

JlOnTaCTH a pehe H enarmrsna, BeJlH'IHHe 200-500x249-334x273-434 um (nysca­HaXUlHpHHaXBIfCHHa). CrrOJbHIf 3H,n naxmma je upne fioje, nceynonapeaxaaarauaa, a

yayrpaunsu xajanancxa H rrOKpHBeH TaHK031f,nHHM, 6e360jHIfM, KOH'IaCTIfM HJlH qJJla­waCTHM KOHIf,nlfo<popHMa (KOHH,nHoreHIfM hennjaaa), BeJlH'IHHe 5-10x3-7 um. KOHH,nHje

cy jenaohennjcse, 6e360jHe, UIfJlHH,npH'IHe HJlH finaro npewa KpajeBHMa cyxceae H 3a06­

rseae, BeJIIf'IHHe 33-60 x9,5-13,5 um, y noserxy rpanynosne H06aBHjeHeje,nHHM CJIy3ac­

TIfM OMOTa'leM, a y 3peJlOCTH ca YJbaHHM KarrJbHuaMa H aa BPXY ca HerrpaBHJlHHM (06H'I­

HO JIeBKaCTHM) nnxrajacrav, 6e360jHHM npaaecnnaa (CJI. 3/B, r, I)).

JIa6opaTopHjcKa HCTpa'lKHBalba

qHcTa xynrypa rn.ane H30JlOBaHa aa XpaHJbHBHM nonnoraua (MEA H ITll.A) HMa

jaxo ycnopen pacr, ITpoCe'lHH nopacr KOJlOHHje, aa orrruaanuoj resmeparypa, H3HOCIf

0,5 mm na ,naH. Mnuenaja je nprsaaocasa, rronerna, KO)[(aCTa, y crapocrn no noapunmnaafiopana, pacre y TeMrrepaTypHoM pacnony on 0° (-2°),n0 20°C, CTHM WTO je OIlTIfMyM

aa 14°C. KOHH,nHje (=rrIfKHocrrope), na nonnosn sona-arap, KJIHjajy y TeMneparypHoM

pacnony on 0-20°C, CTHM WTO je orrrnaanaa revneparypa sa xnajas,e 1f3Mel)y 12 H

14°C. Ha KOJIOHHjlf pacnoj na rrO,nJJ03H MaJIu-arap (na orrruvamroj rewrreparypa) rrocnensa Meceua <popMlfpajy ce 6pOjHH rrHKHIfAIf ca KOHIfAHjaMa. KOHHAlfje 06pa30BaHe y

OBHM rrlfKHIfAHMa cy UHJIHHApH'IHe HJIH 1f3Ay)[{eHO eJlHrrTH'IHe, jenaohenajcke, CHTHO

rpaHYJIaCTe, BeJlH'IIfHe 39-56x8-13 um. ITo 06JIHKy H aerm-nnnr OBe KOHHAHje onroaapa­jy OHHM <popMlfpaHIfM y nHKHH,nIfMa ira 'IeTHHaMa, '1HMe je ,nOKa3aHO na ce pann 0 HCTOj

rJbHBIf (CJI. 3/A).

OmeAH ca BeWm'lKHM anoxynaunjaaa (cycnensnjoa KOHH,nHja) 6lfJbaKa y KOH­

TpOJIHCaHHM YCJIOBIfMa cy nosasamr na je OBa rrsnaa BeOMa arpecasmr napaaur. I1H<peK­

unje '1eTHHa cy ycnene na CBIfM cammuaaa jene xoje cy Ap)[{aHe y HHKY6aTOpHMa y TeM­

neparypnou pacnony OA 1O-16°C. Kouannje xnnjajy na raj Ha'llfH WTO ce aa jenuoa OA

xpajesa <popMlfpa IfHUHjanHa xntpa, soja nponape Kp03 CTOMy H ocrsapyje aapasy. ITo

ocrsapeaoj HH<peKUHjlf narse ce XH<pe urupa yrnaaaou y henajaua Me3o<pHJIa (TKHBO naj­fiorarnje CBe)[{HM aCIfMHJIaTHMa). XIf<pe HHKaAa HHCy KOHCTaTOBaHe y sacxynapaov TKH­

By '1eTHHe. IToCJIe OCTBapeHe HH<peKUlfje H nepuona HHKy6aUHje KOjH rpaje 3-4 Meceua,

na 3apa)[(eHHM '1eTHHaMa ce yosasajy npsa CIfMrrTOMH y 06JlHKy XJIOpOTH'IHHX, xcyhxac­THX rrera, a 3aTHM uena 'IeTIfHa ,n06Hja jeAHOJlH'IHy casxacty fiojy, Yneo sapassennx -re­THHa na cazmauaua jene je 61f0 CKOpO 100%. Hacynpor TOMe, CBH noxyuraja BeWTa'lKIfX

aapasa cannaua CMp'le 6lfJllf cy HeycrreWHH. OBO HaM jacno yxaayje na je T. durmitoren­sis cnenajamnoaana cauo sa xernae jene (K ar adz i 6, I998/a, 6).

PacrrpOCTpau,eu,e

I'rsaaa T. durmitorensis uaasnaa HeKp03y H ocanaa,e '1eTHHa jene (Abies albaMill.), ITPBH nyr je oTKpHBeHa 1992. rOA. na nonpyujy H.IT. ",ll,yPMIfTOP" H H.Il. "EHO­

rpaacxa ropa". Y cacrojnnaaa jene aa nonpysjy H.IT. ",ll,yPMHTOP" KOHCTaTOBaHa je naCJleAenHM nOKanIfTeTHMa: Illryou, IJ,pBeHa Fpeaa, Mana Kapnnua H OKOJlHHH JafinanJesepa, a na nonpynjy H.Il "EHorpa,ncKa ropa" aa noxannrery Bennosan (Bjenacnua).

14

Tiarosporella BpCTe lUI ueruuapava: pacnpocrpan.en.c H3Ha'Iaj

CJl. 2. Tiarosporella durmitorensis: A - cyureu.e craoanajene (Abies alba, nOK. WTYOI~), E-B - CHM­IITOMH 60JleCTH (nponanan.e qCTHHa)

Fig. 2. Tiarosporella durmitorensis: A - Trees of European Silver Fir (Abies alba) killed by the fun­gus (locality Stuoc); E-B - symptoms of disease (needles blight)

15

CJI. 3. Tiarosporella durmitorensis: A-E - CHMnTOMH aapase (npovcna Goje '1eTllHa H ociman,e),B - 6POjHH f1HKIIH.l111 na '1eTHHaM3, r - rrpecex Kp03 '1eTHHy HllHKHHJle, ,l], - '1HCTa KyJITyparn.aae na n0.l1J10raMa fl,l],A HMEA (nocno 2 Meceu.a pacra na 'resrneparypa 14°C), n -KO­1111.l1Hje (npra 26 flm)

Fig. 3. Tiarosporella durmitorensis: A-E - symptoms on the fir (needle discoration and defoliaton);B - numerous pycnidia on the needles, r - needle with pycnidia - vertical section; ,l], - colo­nies of the fungus on PDA and MEA (after two months at 14°C); n - conidia (bar 26 flm)

16

Tiarosporella BpCTe Ha seranapaaa: pacnpocrpaaeae M3Haqaj

Frsnsa ce jaarsa CaMO H3Ha,n 1750 m Ha,nMopcKe BMCHHe. Hajsehe UITeTe ua jena ua ,[(yp­MMTOpy 6wne cy y cacrojanaaa H3Ha,n Jafinan Jesepa H sa Illryouy, Tj. aa cTa6nHMa sojace uanase na rpaHHUH npaponnor pacnpocrpan.eaa jene na OBOM nonpysjy H me no­lIHfbe 30Ha nnaaanceor fiopa (nanxopcxa BHCHHa H3Mefjy 1800 H 2100 m (en. 2/a).

CHMnTOMH sapase jaarsajy ce aa lIeTHHaMa CBHX ,no6a crapocrn, ann aajsemhe nalIeTHHaMa H3 rexyhe sererauaje. Ha noje,nHHHM crafinmra je 6Hno emue on 80% sapa­)I(eHHX lIeTHHa (en. 2/6, B, en. 3/a, 6). Bumeronaum,e sapaae, ynpysceneca il.PYrHM neno­BOJbHHM <paKTopHMa nosene cy na HeKHM MeCTHMa,no cyuren.a crafiana (en, 2/a). OCHMna eaponcxoj jena (Abies alba), OBa rrsasa je KOHCTaTOBaHa H na Abies borisii regis (K a­r a dz ic , I998/a).

Ilpewa nocanaunsua HCTpa)l(HBafbHMa, T. durmitorensis je spno arpecaaaa napa­3HT KOjH H3roHBa HeKp03y Hocanan,e xeraaa jeae. 3aje,nHo ca ,npyrHM napaauruav rJbH­BaMa (nnp. Cytospora friesii) yspoxyje cyuretse crafiana jene, ann cauo y BHCOKonna­HHHCKHM pernonaaa H na rpaHHUH npnponaor pacnpocrparsen,a jene, O,nHOCHO na Mec­THMa rne ce y TOKy 3HMCKHX MeceUH nyro aanpacasa caer,

3.3. Tiarosporella parca (Berk. & Bn) Whitney, Reid & Pirozynski

TIno,nOHOCHa rena cy nHKHH,nH. TIHKHH,nH cy cyexanonepuanna, pasfiauaaa HnHy rpynH, OBanHH no enarrra-nra, MpKocMefjH, BenHlIHHe 500x350x 120-200 Jim, ua rop­rsoj crpaua ce H3,ny)l(yjy y jenan 601lHH npaau HnH caanjeaa spar (en. 1/B). CnOJbHH 3H,nnHKHH,na nceyaonapenxaaara-rarr, cMefj, nefeo no 55 Jim, a yayrpaura,a nneKTeHXHMa­THqaH, xajannncxa, ,ne6eo caao 2-20 Jim H nOKpHBeH KpaTKHM KOHH,nHo<popHMa. KOHH­,nHO<pOpH (xonanaorene hennje) TaHKO-3H,nHH, 6e36ojHH, KOHHqHH no dmauracra, sena­lIHHe4-12(17)x3-5(7) Jim H aa BPXY csaxor ce oopasyje no jenaa KOHH,nHja. ("holoblas­tic"). KOHH,nHje jenaohenajcxe, UHnHH,npHlIHe HnH 6naro npeua xpajesaaa cyxeae, npa­Be HnH Mano 3aKpHBJbeHe, BenHlIHHe (20)23-40x4-6(7) Jim, y nOqeTKY rpanynacre HOMOTaHe je,nHHM )I(enaTHH03HHM OMOTaqeM, a y 3penOCTH ca YJbaHHM KanJbHuaMa H uocena spxy OCTaTKe )I(enaTHHOCHor ouora-ra y ofimrxy 6e36ojHHX, nenesacrax npasesaxa(en, l/n),

Whitney H capananua (1975) OBy rJbHBY cy KOHCTaTOBanH ua Picea abies,P. engelmanni H P. glauca. Stephan H capananua (1991) H Cech (1994), xao ,nOMa­nHHaHaBo,nePiceaabies. Kar adz i c (1994/6) HKa p au ah HMHn aj aur eBHn (1994),OCHM H3 qeTHHa CMpqe (P. abies), OBy rJbHBY cy H30nOBanH H H3 lIeTHHa oMopHKe (Piceaomorika).

3Hallaj rrsase T. parca xao napasnra je ,nOCTa Herr03HaT H aejacan. OBa rrsaaarmonouoca ,nOCTa perso. KaKO je H30nOBaHa H3 3eneHHX lIeTHHa, 6e36Hno KaKBHX CHMrr­TOMa sapase, MO)l(e ce CMaTpaTH na ce pasaaja xao "eH,no<pHT". Kana qeTHHe H3yMpy, 6H­no 360r uexor crpeca HnH 360r CTapOCTH, TeK rana rrsasa <popMHpa BH,lJ;jbHBa nnono­HOCHa rena. T. parca ofipasyje nnonoaocna rena (naxunne) aa lIeTHHaMa y TOKY jecersnxH 3HMCKHX MeceUH. TIHKHH,nH cy KOHCTaTOBaHH H sa lIeTHHaMa xoje cy jour aa H360jUHMa

17

)J,paraH Kapaunh

11 na OnaJIl1M lJeTI1HaMa y CTeJhI1. llI1KHI1.n:I1 06pa30BaHI1 aa lJenmaMa OMOpl1Ke cy JIOn­TaCTI1, llPHI1, npennaxa 160-300 um 11 canpzce UI1JII1H.n:pl1lJHe (ua xpajeaaua 3a06JheHe),

6e360jHe KOHH.n:l1je, xoje cy BeJIl1lJl1He 28-48x6-8 um.

.no orxptrha rJhI1Be T. durmitorensis, rJhI1Ba T.parca 6I1JIa je jennna r JhI1Ba 113 oeorpona npacyrna y Esponn.

3.4. Tiarosporella pseudotsugae Whitney, Reid & Pirozynski

OBa rJhI1Ba cj>opMl1pa nI1KHI1.n:e aa sammjy lJeTI1Ha. llI1KHI1.n:11 cy cyoenanepaan­HI1, pastiauaan I1JIH y rpyrm, MpKocMeryl1.n:o upHI1,jajaCTI1 I1JII1 113.n:y)/{eHO eJIHnTWIHI1, Be­JIHlJI1He 600x300x 120-200 um (npesra Fun k-y, 1985, BeJII1lJI1Ha nI1KHI1.n:a je 600­1000x300 pm), orsapajy ce npexo jennor npasor; 60lJHO nOCTaBJheHOr apara. CnOJhHI1311.n: nI1KHI1.n:a nceyaonapeuxavarasaa, cMery 11 ca ropn,e crpane .n:e6eo no 40 um. YHy­TpaIIJIbI1 311.n: nl1KHI1.n:a nJIeKTeHXI1MaTl1lJaH, Xl1jaJII1HCKI1, IIJI1POK 2-12 um, nOKpl1BeHI1KOHI1.n:l1ocj>opI1Ma. KOHI1.n:110cj>OPI1 (KOHI1.n:l1oreHe hennje) TaHK0311.n:HI1, 6e360jHI1, KynaCTI1I1JII1 y 06JII1KY axrrtyne, BeJIWII1He 3-9(15)x3-5(7) um, na CBaKOM ce ofipasyje,TepMI1HaJI­aa, "holoblastic" KOHI1.n:l1ja. KOHI1.n:l1je jennohennjcxe, TaHK0311.n:He, Xl1jaJII1HCKe, npaseI1JII1 MaJIO 3aKp11BJheHe, UHJII1H.n:pHlJHe, finaro npounrpene ira npxy, panne y OCHOBI1, Be­JIl1lJl1He 42-65 x(3)4-5(7) um, y nOlJeTKY rpauynacre 11 .n:eJIHMl1lJHO 06aBHjeHe )/{eJIaTI1­H03HI1M OMOTalJeM, a y 3peJIOCTH ca YJhaHI1M KanJhl1uaMa 11 uoce aa BPXY pacsnayre oc­TaTKe )/{eJIaTI1H03HOr OMOTalJa.

OBa rrsaaa je KOHCTaTOBaHa cauo y KaHa.n:1I na Pseudotsuga menziessii.

4. ,LJ;HCKYCHJA

HeKOJII1KO ayropa (Nag Ray, 1993, Nag Ray, DiCosmo, 1984, Pirozyn­sk i, Sh 0 em aker, 1971, Ro ux et al., 1990, Sutton, 1980, Sutton, M araas, 1976,W hi tn ey et al., 1975) npoysaaano je Coelomycetes xoje IIMajy KOHI1.n:lIje ca )/{eJIaTI1­H03HIIM, 6e360jHI1M, npl1BeCUI1Ma na BPXY (unp, PO.n:OBI1 Choanatiara 11 Tiarosporella).

Pon Tiarosporella Hohn., npexta Su t ton -y (1980), canpacn 7 BpCTa. Henasao je

K ar adz i c (1998/a) onacaojourjezmy HOBy BpCTy raso na ce 6poj npcra y OKBI1PY oaorapona nosehao na 8. Ilpesra 113rJIe.n:y anennnueca aa spxy KOHII.n:lIja OBe rJhI1Be cy none­rseae y 2 rpyne. Jenna rpyna I1Ma CJIy3acTe aneanauece pasrpanare y 2-4 nanxa, .n:OKnpyra rpyna I1Ma aneannuece y 06JIliKy nenese (O.n:HOCHO JIeBKa). Y Esporm je 113 osorpona, CBe zro orxpnha rJhIIBe T. durmitorensis, 6IIJIa n03HaTa casro rJhI1Ba T. parca. OBarJhIIBaOCIIM aa lJeTIiHaMa 06IIlJHeCMplJe KOHCTaTOBaHa je 11 aa lJeTI1HaMa oMopliKe. H>eHanasaj xao napasnra je Hen03HaT, a KaKO je BpJIO lJeCTO 1130JIOBaHa 1I3 3eJIeHIIX lJeTI1Ha

(6e3 BI1.n:JhIIBIiX CIiMllTOMa sapase) cvarpa ce .n:a je "eH.n:ocj>IIT". Ilpeua S i eb e r -y (1988),rJhIIBe Lophodermium piceae 11 Tiarosporella parca 6IIJIe cy najxemhe rJhI1Be 1I30JIOBaHe113 neToro.n:IIIIJIbIiX 11 IIJeCToro.n:I1IIJIbI1X lJeTI1Ha CMplJe.

18

Tiarosporella BpCTe na seraaapaaa: pacnpocrpaaeae Ii 3Ha'laj

Y Kanana H CA,[( (Operon) aa spcraaa Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., A. concolor(Gord.) Engelm., A. grandis Lindl. H A. lasiocarpa (Hook) Nutt. aafieneaceaa je H OIIHca­

na rJhHBa T. abietis (Wh i tn e y et al., 1975). Y TOK)' 1992. ron, aa nonpysjy ,[(ypMHTopa

H Buorpancxe rope npaa nyr je aa qeTliHaMa jene (A. alba) KOHCTaTOBaHa jenaa HOBa

rrsnsa H3 pona Tiarosporella. Y npBHM panosaaa, Kap a u ah (1994/a) OBy rJhHBY ona­cyje non Ha3HBOM T. abietis var. alba. Mel)yTHM, nOCJIe ussptueuax KOHcyJITaUHja ca MH­

KOJI03HMa HHTepHaUHOHaJIHOr MHKOJIOlllKOr HHCTHTYTa y JIOH.nOHY (S utt 0 n, 1994),

aaxrsyxeao je na ce pazm 0 HOBOj BpCTH H onacaaa je non Ha3HBOM T. durmitorensis (K a­

r adz i c , 1998/a). OBa rrsnsa ce pa3JIHKY je on rrsnse T. abietis no BeJIHqHHH H 06JIHKy

nHKHH.na, BeJIll.'IHHH KOHH.nHja, 6HJhUH .noMaliHHY, a raxohe ce OBe rrsaae jasrsajy y neo­Ma y.naJheHHM reorparpcioea nonpysjaaa, Wh i tn ey H capannaua (1975) onacyjy casp­urena cranajyx rrsaae T. abietis non Ha3HBOM Darkera abietis. 3a pa3JIHK)' on TOra "te­

leornorph" CTMHjyM KO.n rrsase T. durmitorensis naxana nnje KOHCTaTOBaH. Hnrepecan­THO je na T. durmitorensis lIMa jaso Y3aK apean pacnpocrpaa.en,a H sa cana je npacyrnacauo y QPHOj Iopa H anje aafieneaceaa HH y jemroj npyroj esponcxoj 3eMJhH.

MOpl}lOJIOlllKH BpJIO cna-rna rJhHBH T. durmitorensis je T. parca. Mel)YTHM, OBe

nse rrsuse ce Pa3JIHK)'jy no lliHXOBHM .nOMaliHHHMa, ri. rrsnaa T. parca ce jaan.a cauo naBpCTaMa Picea pona (cupsa, OMopHKa), .nOK T. durmitorensis aanana jeny (Abies alba).Y npHpO)],HHM cacrojanaaa jene H CMpqe sa ,[(ypMHTOpy, jaxa sapasa 0)], rrsaae T. dur­mitorensis je KOHCTaTOBaHa aa qeTHHaMa jene, a HHKa)],a aa qeTHHaMa CMpqe. Taxohe,npa BelllTalfKHM HHoKyJIaUHjaMa cammua jerre H cMplfe (cycnemnjoa KOHH)],Hja rrsnaeT. durmitorensis) HHl}leKUHje na serauaaa jene cy 6HJIe CKOpO 100%, )],OK cy Y HCTO spe­Me CBH noxymajn sapase xernaa CMplfe 6HJIH neycneuma.

CBe OBO HaM jacno yxasyje aa TO na, Ma)],a OBe nae rrsuae HMajy Mopl}lOJIOlllKHX

CJIHlfHOCTH, nnax ce jaxo Pa3JIHKyjy l}lH3HOJIOlllKH. 3a cana ce MO)({e 3aKJhyqHTH na je

rrsnaa T. durmitorensis BpJIO arpecanan naroren na qeTHHaMa jene H nOHOBJheHe HH­

l}leKUHje (snuieronauuse) Mory )],OBeCTH )],0 cymeisa crafiana. Hacynpor TOMe, T. parcace paaanja xao "eH)],ol}lHT" H TeK aa CTapHM qeTHHaMa HJIH xeruuaaa xoje cy )],O)({HBeJIe

HeKH crpec (yCJIe)], aexor npaxapnajer HenOBOJhHOr l}laKTopa) oopasyje ITJIO)],OHOCHa

TeJIa.

5.3AKJh~

Y OKBHpy pona Tiarosporella onacano je ocaa spcra 0)], KOjHX ce na xerauapcxnaspcraaa npseha jaarsajy qeTHpH.

Ha qeTliHapCKHM apcraua npseha KOHCTaTOBaHe cy cnenehe rn.ase: Tiarosporel­la abietis, T. durmitorensis, T. parca H T.pseudotsugae. 0)], OBe 4 Tiarosporella spcre y

Espona cy aafienexeae CaMO T. durmitorensis H T. parca.

T. parca je KOHCTaTOBaHa aa qeTHHaMa csrpse (Picea abies) H ostopaxe (Piceaomorika). OBa rrsasa nJIO)],OHOCH BpJIO perxo, a KaKO je H30JIOBaHa H H3 3eJIeHHX xeraaa

19

Ilparan Kapauah---------

(6e3 6lino KaKBIiX 3HaKOBa ofioneisa), MO)i(eMO CMaTpaTIi ,lJ,a ce pasaaja KaO "eH,lJ,OcjlliT" Ii

TeK xana xerane 1i3yMpy, 6lino 360r HeKOr crpeca linli CTapOCTI1, OHa no-nuse na nno­

,lJ,OHOCIi. llI1KHIi,lJ,11 cy KOHCTaTOBaHI1 Ii na xnoportrnnoa qeTIiHaMa xoje cy join ysex na

1i360j~I1Ma Ii na qeTliHaMa y CTeJbI1. C 063lipOM na ce T. parca aajseurhe jaan.a na -re­

TIiHaMa crapna 5 Ii 6 rO,lJ,I1Ha, MO)i(e ce cstarpara na je TO napaanr cna60cTI1 (O,lJ,HOCHO

epaKynTaTIiBHIi napasar).

I'rsnaa T. durmitorensis 1i3a3IiBa HeKp03y Ii ocanan,e xeraaa esponcxe jene (Abiesalba). Mana ce MO)i(e Hanl1 na qeTliHaMa CBI1X ,lJ,06a crapocrn, najseurhe KOJIOHli3lipase­

TI1He 1i3resyhe sererauaje. Ilpesia ,lJ,OCa,lJ,arnlbI1M IiCTpa)i(IiBalbIiMa, MO)i(e ce 3aKJbyqliTii

na je T. durmitorensis spno arpecasaa napasnr qeTliHa jene. 3aje,lJ,HO ca ,lJ,pymMnapanrr­

HIiM rJbIiBaMa (imp. Cytosporajriesii) yspoxyje cyureise crafiana jene, ann caao y BI1CO­

KO nnaHI1HCKI1M pemOHI1Ma 11 na rpaHI1~11 npnponnor pacnpocrpau.en,a jene,3a rJbI1BY T. durmitorensis je KapaKTepl1CTliqHO na liMa spno Y3aK apean pacnpo­

crpaa.en,a 11 ,lJ,0 cana je aafienezcena y np"p0,lJ,HI1M cacroj I1HaMa jene casro ua nonpysjy

H.ll. ",lttPMI1TOP" 11 H.ll. "DIiOrpa,lJ,CKa ropa".

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K a r ad z ic D. (1994/6): Pathology ofSerbian spruce (Picea omorika /Pancic/Purk.), Shoot andFoliage Diseases in Forest Trees, Proceedings of the Working Parties Canker andShoot Blight of Conifers (S2.06.02) and Foliage Diseases (S2.06.04), Vallombrosa,Firenze (275)

20

Tiarosporella BpCTe na '1eTlfHap"Ma: pacnpocrpatsen.e 11 saasaj

Ka p a 1,1 11 Ii )J,. (1996): Ilojaea u pacnpocmpalbelbe namoeene 2JbU6e Lophodermella sulcigena yJY20CJla6uju, Illysrapcrao 6, CI1Tllll1I1)J,C, Beorpaa (3-11)

Ka p a 1,1 11 Ii )J,. (1997): Mycosphaerella pini E.Rostrup apud Munk: pacnpocmpan.etee, enUOeMUO­noeuja, snaua] u cysiiujatee, Illyuapcrao 4-5, CI1TlllI1IT)J,C, Beorpan (3-21)

K ar a dz ic D. (I 998/a): Tiarosporella durmitorensis sp. nov. - a new pathogenic fungus on needlesofAbies alba, European Journal of Forest Pathology N2 28 (145-152)

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Ka p a u 11 h )J,., Ma p n HKO B 11 Ii I1. (1990): YJl02a nam02eHUX 0p2aHU3aMa y npouecy cyuiensa ue­muuapcxux «ynmypa y Cp6uju, Illyaapcrso 2-3, CI1TlllI1ITJ~C, Beorpaa (39-46)

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Ka p a 1,1 11Ii )J,., B yj a n 0 BHn B. (1993): Hajueuihe namoeeue 2/bU6a y wyMaMa HalJUOHaJlH02 na­psa .Jlypuumop", Illynapcrao 6, CI1Tllll1I1)J,C, Beorpaa (15-23)

Ka p a 1,1 11h )J,., 30 P11h P.(1994): Hajaaxcnaje napanrrcxe Hcanpodnrrcxe rrsnse '1eTl1Ha npnor 11oeJlor 60pa y xyrrrypaaa na )J,eJll10JlaTcKoj nenrtapa, ,,)J,eJlHOJlaTCKH necax" ­300Plll1K panosa VI, Ilaaseso (511-520)

Ka p a 1,1 Hh )J,., M Hn uj a III e B11 Ii T. (1994): Hajueiuhe napasumcse Ucanpotbumcxe 2JbU6e ua Pi­cea omorika (Pancic) Purkyne, "OMopuKa - Picea omorika (Pancic) Purkyne nanoopyujy HalJUOHGJlH02 napxa "Tapa", "HaUI10HaJIlIl1 napx "Tapa" H Illyaapcsu<jJaKyJlTeT YlmBep311TeTa y Beorpaay, Bajuna Eaurra - Beorpan (95-111)

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,lJ,paraH Kapauah

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Dragan Karadzic

TIAROSPORELLA SPECIES: DISTRIBUTION AND SIGNIFICANCE

SummaryThis paper gives the description of the fungus from the genus Tiarosporella. The genus

Tiarosporella Hahn consists of eight species, of which four occur on conifers. Species ofTiarosporella are characterised by immersed, globose to depressed globose, unilocular, dark-brown,ostiolate pycnidia; conidiofores reduced to conidigenous cells, lining the cavity of the conidioma,invested in mucus; the conidia are holoblastic in origin. These fungi differ in conidial size and inthe form appendages, which occur on the distal end of the pycnospore. In Europe only two thespecies (T. parca and T. durmitorensisy have been found. T. parca occurs on Norway spruce (Piceaabies) needles, but recently it has also been observed on Serbian spruce (Picea omorika) needles.Its significance as a parasite is unknown and unclear. As it is very often isolated from the green nee­dles of spruce, without any symptoms of infection, this fungus can be considered as an endophyte,and it sporulate only when the needles die due to a stress or old ages. T. durmitorensis occurs onthe European Common Fir (Abies alba). This fungus is a very aggressive pathogen colonising fir

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Tiarosporella npcre na seranapaaa: pacnpocrparsea,e 11. 3HaQa,i

needles of all ages. Together with other fungi (e.g, Cytospora friesii), it leads to tree death. In theexperiments with artificial inoculations of fir and spruce seedlings with conidia of T. durmitoren­sis, the percentage of infected needles on fir seedlings was almost 100%, whereas all attempts atspruce needles inoculation were unsuccessful. This was a clear indication that, two fungi, althoughvery similar morphologically, are very different in physiology. T. durmitorensis, so far, has beenfound only, in European Silver Fir stands in the National Park "Durmitor" and in the National Park"Biogradska gora" (Montenegro).

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