thesis presentation.pptx

DemandsofADivisionIIWomen’sSoccerSeason

Ma5hewBesemer

WhyAreWorkloadsImportant?

•  Be5erunderstandingofphysicalstressathletesdealwith

•  Understanddemandsofspecifictrainingmethods/compeDDons

•  Preventovertraining

•  Preventinjuries

HowAreWorkloadsQuanDfied?

•  Internaltrainingloads– HeartRate– RPE– sRPE

•  Externaltrainingloads– GPS/distance,speedzones,etc.– Accelerometry– Video

PreviousResearch

•  HeartrateshavebeenusedtocontrolexerciseintensityandprescribetrainingintensiDes(Silvaetal.2013)

•  Heartratesarecollectedviawearableheartratemonitors

•  Technologyhasallowedustomoreconvenientlymeasureheartrate(Silvaetal.2013)

PreviousResearch

•  HeartratemonitorshavebeenshowntohavegoodreliabilityindetecDngheartratesduringacDvity(Silvaetal.2013)– UsedonU15soccerplayerstodeterminemaxheartratesduringgamescomparedtopredictedmaxwithgoodreliability(Silvaetal.2013)

PreviousResearch

•  WearableaccelerometersandGPSdevicesarewaystocollectloads

•  LoadsarevaluescalculatedbyaccelerometerstoquanDfytotalworkperformed(Castellanoetal.2016)

•  BaseduponthesumofallacceleraDons(Castellanoetal.2016)

PreviousResearch

•  SpeedzonesarecreatedduetodispariDesinrunningspeedsasshownduetolocomoDondifferencesbetweensexes(Bradley&Vescovi,2015)

•  Speedzoneshavebeencreatedformenandwomenatthehighestlevels– Men(Lowspeed18-25kph,highspeed>25kph)– Women(Lowspeed15-20kph,highspeed>20kph)

*(Bradley&Vescovi,2015)

PreviousResearch

•  EsDmaDonsforfemalespeedzonesarebaseduponmaledatabut…

•  Moreresearchcanbedonetoimprovespeedzonesforwomen’ssoccer,especiallyatthecollegiateandyouthlevel

IssueswithTechnology

•  Reliability– Howconsistentarethedevices•  Satellitesignals,ba5erylife

•  Validity– Howaccuratearethedevices•  Howcloselycanthecorrectlymeasuredistance,speed,acceleraDonandheartrates

Brands&Frequencies•  SPI-10,SPIElite,WiSPIGPSports,Australia–  1Hz

•  CatapultInnovaDons,Australia–  1Hz

•  MinimaxXv.4.0,CatapultInnovaDons–  10Hz

•  ZephyrTechnologyCorporaDon,Annapolis,MD–  TheZephyrBioharnessinterfaceswithQSTARBT-Q1300-SGPS

–  5Hz

Purpose

•  Thepurposeofthisstudyistouseheartratemonitors,accelerometersandGPStoquanDfyimpulseload,totaldistance,distanceinspeedzones,DmespentinheartratezonesandnumberofmajorandminoreventsofanenDreDivisionIIWomen’sSoccerteam

Goals

•  Helpcoacheshaveabe5erunderstandingofthedemandsofasoccerseason– HeartRate– GPSderiveddistancesandspeeds– Accelerometry

•  DeterminewhatrelaDonshipexistbetweentotaldistanceandimpulseload– GPSvsaccelerometry

Methods•  SixteenCollegiateDivisionIIWomen’sSoccerplayers(age,

20.0yrs.±1.1;height,165cm±7.2;weight,60.8kg±7.2)–  Onlyathletesplayinginthemajorityofgameswereselectedforanalysis

–  AthletesweredividedintogroupsbasedupontheirposiDon;defender(D),midfielder(M)andforward(F)

•  DatawascollectedoveranenDreregularseasonconsisDng

of262games(16athletesx17games)•  AllathleteswereassignedandfamiliarizedwiththeZephyr

Bioharness

Methods

•  EachBioharnesscontained:– aheartratesensorcollecDngat250Hz– TriaxialaccelerometercollecDngat100Hz

– GlobalPosiDonsSystemcollecDngat5Hz(add-on)

Methods

•  Dataincludes:– Warm-Up– EnDreGame(90minutes)– OverDme(ifoccurred)

•  AllBioharnesseswereturnedonbyresearcher’spriortogames

Methods

Variables

•  HeartRateZones–  Timespent

•  SpeedZones– Distancecovered

•  ImpulseLoads

•  Impacts(minorandmajor)

HeartRateZones

•  MaxheartratewasdeterminedbasedupontheYo-YoIntermi5entRecoverytestlevel1(Sco5etal.2013)

•  Eachathletesprofilewasindividualizedtotheirspecificmaxheartrate

HeartRateZones

•  RedZone:90%–100%maxheartrate

•  OrangeZone:80%-89.99%maxheartrate

•  YellowZone:70%-79.99%maxheartrate

•  GreenZone:60%-69.99%maxheartrate

•  BlueZone:59.99%andbelowmaxheartrate

DistanceandSpeedZones

•  MeasuredwithGPS

•  Totaldistancecompletedduringgame

•  SpeedZonesarepredeterminedvelociDesrangesbaseduponpreviousresearchonwomen’ssoccer(Bradley&Vescovi,2015)–  Zoneswereadjustedtobe5erfitthespeedofourathletes–  Totalsarebasedupondistancecoveredineachzone

DistanceandSpeedZones

•  SpeedZone1:0–4.99kph





•  SpeedZone6:25kphandgreater

Combinedspeedzones

•  Researchsuggestscombiningspeedzones(Gabbe5&Mulvey,2015andBradley&Vescovi,2015)

•  Lowspeedzone:0–14.99kph

•  Highspeedzone:>15kph

ImpulseLoads

•  AccumulatedacceleraDonscollectedwithtriaxialaccelerometerofBioharness

•  Sumofallmovementscollectedbyaccelerometer(areaundertheaccelerometrymagnitudecurve)

•  Collectedat100Hz

Minor&MajorEvents

•  CategorizedbasedupongravitaDonalforcesplacedonaccelerometer

•  MinorEvents–  Steppingevents:walking,running,boundingandjumpingevents(notincludedinthisanalysis)

– Anyothereventbetween3-7g

•  MajorEvents– Anyeventgreaterthan7g

StaDsDcalAnalysis

•  SPSSversion23usedforallstaDsDcalprocedures•  PearsonCorrelaDon– MeasurestrengthoflinearassociaDon

•  One-WayANOVA–  IdenDfystaDsDcallydifferentmeansbetweenD,MandFforallvariables

•  Games-HowellPosthoctest– DeterminewhichgroupswerestaDsDcallydifferent.Games-Howellwasusedduetounequalsamplesizesandequalvariancewasnotassumed

Results–HeartRateZones

HeartRateZonesTimespentat70-79.99%ofMHR

Posi%on MeanTime(minutes)

SD N

D***M,***F 13.81 5.862 83M***F 10.81 4.011 96

F***D,***M 10.28 4.073 82*p=≤0.05,**p=≤0.01,***p=≤0.001



SD N

D***F 36.29 19.61 83M**F 30.52 16.83 96

F***D,**M 23.37 10.27 82*p=≤0.05,**p=≤0.01,***p=≤0.001



SD N

D***F 22.62 16.19 83M 24.24 14.71 96F***D 28.69 12.76 82

*p=≤0.05,**p=≤0.01,***p=≤0.001

Results–Accelerometry(ImpulseLoadand

Impacts)

ImpulseLoad

Posi%on Mean SD N

D***F 33701 9086 83

M***F 26868 5755 82

F***D,***M 32778 9190 96

•  AccumulatedacceleraDonsbaseduponmechanicalloadcollectedbyBioharness

•  Valuesreportedinarbitraryunits

*p=≤0.05,**p=≤0.01,***p=≤0.001

AcceleraDonandAccumulatedImpulseLoad

MajorImpacts(>7g)

Posi%on Mean SD N

D**F 9.835 8.197 79

M*F 10.822 8.201 90

F**D,*M 13.815 8.222 81

*p=≤0.05,**p=≤0.01,***p=≤0.001

Results–GPS(DistanceandSpeedZones)

TotalDistance

Posi%on MeanDistance(km) SD N

D***F 8.302 2.495 68M***F 6.858 1.586 76

F***D,***M 8.270 2.653 91*p=≤0.05,**p=≤0.01,***p=≤0.001

DistanceinLowSpeedZone

Posi%on MeanDistance(km) SD N

D***F 7.493 2.207 68M***F 7.513 2.446 91

F***D,***M 6.123 1.398 76

•  Velocityrangesarecreatedbaseduponpriorresearch(Bradley&Vescovi,2015)

•  Statestodesignatelow-speedrunningat<15kphandforplayersU20andolder(Bradley&Vescovi,2015)

*p=≤0.05,**p=≤0.01,***p=≤0.001

DistanceinHighSpeedZone

Posi%onMean

Distance(km) SD N

D 0.809 0.459 68M 0.758 0.338 91F 0.735 0.236 76

*p=≤0.05,**p=≤0.01,***p=≤0.001

•  Velocityrangesarecreatedbaseduponpriorresearch(Bradley&Vescovi,2015)

•  Statestodesignatehigh-speedrunningat>15kphandforplayersU20andolder(Bradley&Vescovi,2015)

Results–CorrelaDonbetweenTotalDistance

andImpulseLoad•  Ameasureofhowstronglytwovariablesrelatewitheachother– TotaldistanceandImpulseload

•  Reportedwithanrvalue– Ranges-1to1– Closerto-1or1isastrongercorrelaDon

DistanceandImpulseLoad

•  rvalue=0.952(p=<0.001,R2=0.91)

•  Impulseloadsareagreatindicatorastohowmuchdistanceaplayerhastravelled

Posi%on Meandistance(km) MeanImpulseLoad

D 8.302 33701

M 8.270 32778

F 6.858 26868

Team 7.823 31215

DistanceandLoadCorrelaDon

R²=0.90545

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Impu

lseLoad

Distance(km)

ImpulseLoadandDistance

DiscussionandPracDcalApplicaDon

•  Chartcanbecreatedbaseduponimpulseloadstodeterminedistance

•  GPSmaynotbeneeded

•  Athletesspendli5leDmeinhighspeedzones≥15kph

•  Mayallowfordevelopmentofdifferenttrainingmethods

FutureResearch

•  IdenDfyspeedzonesspecifictothispopulaDon

•  QuanDfythedemandsrelatedtospecificdrills– ThiswouldallowacoachtobuildapracDcewithknowntrainingloads

•  HowisinjuryrelatedtoImpulseLoad?

ReferencesBradley,P.S.,&Vescovi,J.D.(2015).VelocityThresholdsforWomen’sSoccerMatches:Sex

SpecificityDictatesHigh-Speed-RunningandSprinDngThresholds—FemaleAthletesinMoDon(FAiM).InternaDonalJournalofSportsPhysiologyandPerformance,10(1),112-116.

Castellano,J.,Puente,A.,Echeazarra,I.,Usabiaga,O.,&Casamichana,D.(2016).Numberof PlayersandRelaDvePitchAreaperPlayer:ComparingTheir InfluenceonHeartRateandPhysicalDemandsinUnder-12andUnder-13FootballPlayers.PLOSONEPLoSONE,11(1).

Dwyer,D.B.,&Gabbe5,T.J.(2012).GlobalPosiDoningSystemDataAnalysis:VelocityRangesandaNewDefiniDonofSprinDngforFieldSportAthletes.JournalofStrengthandCondiDoningResearch,26(3),818-824.

Edgecomb,S.,&Norton,K.(2006).ComparisonofglobalposiDoningandcomputer-based trackingsystemsformeasuringplayermovementdistanceduringAustralianFootball.JournalofScienceandMedicineinSport,9(1-2),25-32.

Sco5,B.R.,Lockie,R.G.,Knight,T.J.,Clark,A.C.,&Jonge,X.A.(2013).AComparisonofMethodstoQuanDfytheIn-SeasonTrainingLoadofProfessionalSoccerPlayers.InternaDonalJournalofSportsPhysiologyandPerformance,8(2),195-202.

Silva,C.D.,Cerqueira,M.S.,Moreira,D.G.,&Marins,J.B.(2013).Reliabilityofmaximumheartrateinmatch'sandcomparisonwithpredictedinyoungsoccerplayers.RevistaAndaluzaDeMedicinaDelDeporte,6(4),129-134.

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