terminologÍa y ordenes al timÓn

7/28/2019 TERMINOLOGA Y ORDENES AL TIMN

1/49

SHIP TERMINOLOGY

Bow

Stem

Forecastle

Hawsepipe

Weather

decks Draft

Freeboard

Superstructure

Pilothouse

Mast

Yardarm

Truck

Stack Keel

Shaft

Propeller

Rudder

Stern

Transom

Waterline

Shiphandling


2/49

Turning Circle: The path described by a ships pivot point as it

executes a 360 turn.

Tactical Diameter (180)

Final Diameter (360)

Shiphandling: Terms


3/49

Final Diameter

Turning Circle

Kick

Tactical Diameter

Shiphandling: Terms


4/49

Advance

Distance gained toward the direction of the

original course after the rudder is put over.

Transfer

Distance gained perpendicular to the original

course after the rudder is put over.

Shiphandling: Terms

Advance and Transfer


5/49

Advance & Transfer 90 Turn

Kick

AdvanceTransfer

Shiphandling: Terms


6/49


Kick

Advance

Transfer

Shiphandling: Terms


7/49


Kick

Advance

Transfer

Shiphandling: Terms


8/49

Headway

moving forward thru the water

Sternway

moving backwards thru the water

Bare Steerageway

the minimum speed a ship can proceed and still

maintain course using the rudders

Shiphandling: Terms


9/49

Mooring Lines

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Bow

Line

Stern

Line

Spring Lines

After Bow

Spring

Forward Bow

Spring

After Quarter

Spring

Forward Quarter

Spring

Shiphandling: Ground Tackle, Mooring Lines


10/49

Mooring Lines

Lines

1-6

Lines 1 and 6 are thicker than others

Mooring procedure

fake out lines

safety brief

heaving lines



11/49

Mooring Lines

Terms:

Heaving Line

Tattletale

Fenders

Capstan

Rat Guards



12/49

Stand by lines Take in the slack

Take a strain

Heave around

Avast heaving

Hold

Check

Double up

Single up

Take in

Slack Ease

Take to the capstain

Sequence:

Commands:



13/49

Safety

Snap back zone

Tugs Pilots ladder



14/49

Deck and Pier Fittings

Shiphandling: Ground Tackle


15/49

Conning Officer

Drives the ships heading and speed through

standard commands (orders) to the helm and

leehelm

Helm - controls the rudder

Leehelm - controls the propellers

Shiphandling: Standard Commands


16/49

Basic Format

Conning Officer

Command

Acknowledges Report

Helm / Leehelm

Verbatim Repeat back(Carries out command)

Report



17/49

HELM CONSOLE



18/49

ENGINE ORDER TELEGRAPH



19/49

Direction: Either left, right or Rudder

amidships

Amount: Expressed as a number of degrees

of rudder (10, 15, etc.), or one of the

following: (nominal values given)

Standard: 15

Full: 30

Hard: 35(maximum rudder angle)


Course: >10 degree change

h h dl d d d


20/49

COMMANDS TO THE HELM

Format Example

-Direction "Right. . ."

"Left. . ."

-Amount ". . standard rudder. . ."

". . .ten degrees rudder. . ."

-Course ". . .steady course two zero zero."

". . .steady on course one one five."


hi h dli d d d


21/49

COMMANDS TO THE HELM

Exception: Course changes of 10 or less:

For small course changes, a specific rudder angle

is not given. This allows the Helm to use up to 10

of rudder to make the course change.

The standard command is:

Direction: Come right/left

Course to steer: Steer course ___


Shi h dli S d d C d


22/49

OTHER HELM COMMANDS

Desired action: Increase or decrease rudder

angle from a previously ordered angle

Command:

Increase your rudder to ________

Ease your rudder to _______

Note: Anytime a new rudder angle isordered, a steering/steady course must be

repeated if it is desired.


Shi h dli S d d C d


23/49

OTHER HELM COMMANDS

Desired action: Change rudder angle to an

equal amount of rudder in the opposite

direction

Command: Shift your rudder

Note: Again, if desired, course to steer must

be repeated.


Shi h dli St d d C d


24/49

OTHER HELM COMMANDS

Desired action: Steady the ship on the

current heading

Command: Steady as she goes

When given, the Helm immediately determines

ships head at the instant of the command, and

steadies the ship on that course.

This should normally be given only with therudder at or near amidships.




25/49

OTHER HELM COMMANDS Desired action:

Determine currentships heading

Command: Mark your

head When given, the Helm

immediately determinesships head at the

instant of the command, and reports it to the

Conn.

Desired action:

Warn the Helm to

steer more exactly

Command: Mind

your helm




26/49

HELM REPLY

Whenever an order to the Helm is given,

the Helm repeats the order back to the

Conn verbatim. This assures the conning officer that the

order was heard and understood correctly.




27/49

HELM REPLY

Examples:

The Conn orders: Right standard rudder,

steady course 260. The Helm replies: Right standard rudder,

steady course 260, aye.


Shiphandlin Standard Commands


28/49

HELM REPLY

Order: Mark your head

Reply: Mark my head, aye. 283.

Order: Mind your helm

Reply: Mind my helm, aye.


Shiphandling Standard Commands


29/49

HELM REPLY

If the helm does not understand an order

from the Conn, the helm will reply:

Orders to the helm

The Conn should immediately check his/her

order and restate it clearly to the Helm.




30/49

REPORT & ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Once a desired action is complete, the Helm

reports it to the Conn.

The Conn acknowledges all reports with Very

well

If the Conn does not acknowledge a report,

the Helm should repeat the report until

acknowledged.




31/49

EXAMPLES

Order: Right standard rudder, steady course

298.

Reply: Right standard rudder, steady course298, aye.

Report: Sir, my rudder is right standard,

coming to new course 298.

Report: Sir, steady on course 298, checking

309.




32/49

EXAMPLES

Order: Come left, steer course 345.

Reply: Come left, steer course 345, aye.

Report: Sir, my rudder is left 5, coming to

new course 345.

Report: Sir, steady on course 345, checking

352.




33/49

EXAMPLES

Order: Right full rudder.

Reply: Right full rudder, aye.

Report: Sir, my rudder is right full, no new

course given.

Report: Passing 230 to the right.

Order: Belay your passing heads.

Reply: Belay my passing heads, aye.




34/49

EXAMPLES

Order: Ease your rudder to right 15.

Reply: Ease my rudder to right 15, aye.

Report: Maam, my rudder is right 15, no

new course given.

Order: Steady course 143.

Reply: Steady course 143, aye.Report: Maam, my rudder is right 15,

coming to new course 143.




35/49

EXAMPLES

Order: Hard left rudder.

Reply: Hard left rudder, aye.

Report: Sir, my rudder is left 35, no new

course given.

Order: Shift your rudder.

Reply: Shift my rudder, aye.

Report: Sir, my rudder is right 35, no new

course given.




36/49

EXAMPLESOrder: Right full rudder.

Reply: Right full rudder, aye.

Report: Sir, my rudder is right 30, no new coursegiven.

Order: Rudder amidshipsReply: Rudder amidships, aye.

Report: Sir, my rudder is amidships, no new coursegiven.

Order: Steady as you go.Reply: Steady as you go, aye. Course 098.

Report: Steady on course 098, checking 107.




37/49

ENGINE ORDERS

For fixed pitch propellers, ship speed is

dependent on shaft rpm only.

For controllable pitch propellers, ship speedis dependent on shaft rpm and, below

about 12 knots, propeller blade pitch.

For gas turbines, the shaft is always spinningwhen the engine is on line. All engines stop

is achieved by a blade pitch of 0.




38/49

ENGINE ORDERS

Prescribed standard speeds are

predetermined ships speeds:

Standard speed - normally 15 knots

1/3 - one third of standard speed

2/3 - two thirds of standard speed

Full - speed higher than standard speed

Flank - maximum speed




39/49

ENGINE ORDERS

AheadBell Speed

1/3 5

2/3 10

Std 15

Full 20

Flank Max

speed

Typical PrescribedStandard Speeds

AsternBell Speed

1/3 5

2/3 10Full Max

speed




40/49

ENGINE ORDERS

Format Example

-Engines All engines. . ."

-Direction ". . ahead full. . ."

". . .back 2/3. . ."

-Speed ". . indicate 108 revolutions for 15knots."

". . .indicate 072 revolutions and

20% pitch for 3 knots."




41/49

ENGINE ORDERS

Engines: Port, starboard, or all engines.

Unnecessary for single screw ships.

Direction: Ahead, back or stop, and nearest

standard speed (except for stop)




42/49

ENGINE ORDERS

Speed:

..indicate ____ turns for __ knots., OR

..indicate turns for __ knots.

For controllable pitch propellers below 12

knots:

..indicate ___ turns and __% pitch for __ knots.

OR, ..indicate pitch and turns for __ knots.

-Note: If proceeding at a prescribed standard

speed, none of this is required.




43/49

MANEUVERING COMBINATIONS

In maneuvering situations, where frequent

engine changes are expected, the Conning

Officer may set maneuveringcombinations.

When set, the Lee Helm answers all bells at

the prescribed standard speed increment. On ships with an EOT, this is indicated by an

RPM setting of 999.




44/49

REPLIES AND REPORTS

Reply: Verbatim repeat back is required.

Reports: Lee Helm reports when action is

completed.

Note: Every report must include the complete

status of all engines, even if only one was

changed.

Acknowledgement: Conn will acknowledge allreports with Very well




45/49

EXAMPLES

Order: All engines ahead standard, indicate 115

revolutions for 16 knots.

Reply: All engines ahead standard, indicate 115

revolutions for 16 knots, aye.

Report: Maam, engine room answers all

engines ahead standard, indicating 115





46/49

EXAMPLES

(Continued from previous slide)

Order: Indicate 122 revolutions for 17

knots.

Reply: Indicate 122 revolutions for 17 knots,

aye.

Report: Maam, engine room answers allengines ahead standard, indicating 122





47/49

EXAMPLES

Order: Port engine ahead 1/3, starboard engine

back 2/3.

Reply: Port engine ahead 1/3, starboard engine

back 2/3, aye.

Report: Maam, engine room answers port

engine ahead 1/3, starboard engine back 2/3.




48/49

EXAMPLES

(Continued from previous slide)

Order: Starboard engine stop.

Reply: Starboard engine stop, aye.

Report: Maam, engine room answers

starboard engine stop, port engine ahead

1/3.

p g



49/49

EXAMPLES

Order: All engines ahead 1/3, indicate pitch and

turns for 5 knots.

Reply: All engines ahead 1/3, indicate pitch and

turns for 5 knots, aye.

Report: Sir, engine room answers all engines

ahead 1/3, indicating 075 turns and 34% pitch

for 5 knots.

p g

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