tema: kion - indecopi.gob.pe

Año 7, N° 8, agosto 2021

TEMA: KION

Imagen: Zingiber officinale , Zingiberaceae, jengibre, rizoma

Extraído de: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Zingiber_officinale_002.JPG/800px-Zingiber_officinale_002.JPG

Comentarios: licencia Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, no se realizó modificaciones a la imagen, solo está acorde al diagrama del marco

Autor: H. Zell

I. INTRODUCCIÓN

El jengibre (Zingiber officinale) es una especie medicinal, aromática y condimentaria que se

cultiva en regiones tropicales y subtropicales del mundo citado en [Zambrano, 2015].

Zingiber officinale es la planta más conocida de las 1200 especies pertenecientes a la

familia Zingiberaceae, muchas se reconocen por sus aromas, sabores y lo atractivo de sus

flores. En el caso del jengibre la parte más usada es el rizoma (tallo subterráneo

horizontal), apreciado por su aroma y sabor picante, citado en [Inecol].

Por tratarse de una especie de propagación vegetativa, su variabilidad genética tiende a ser

baja; sin embargo es posible hallar una amplia variabilidad genética principalmente en la

China e India, considerándose actualmente como el principal centro de origen y diversidad de

esta especie, citado en [Zambrano, 2015].

Se utiliza como un potente estimulante circulatorio y vasodilatador. Activa la digestión,

aumenta la motilidad intestinal. Acciones antiemético [MINAGRI].

Zingiber officinale

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I INTRODUCCIÓN 1-04

II COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA 05-06

III

ESTADÍSTICAS SOBRE SOLICITUDES DE

PATENTES RELACIONADAS Y ARTÍCULOS

CIENTÍFICOS

07-12

IV PUBLICACIONES CIENTÍFICAS 13-107

V TECNOLOGÍA ASOCIADA 108- 117

VI BIBLIOGRAFÍA 118

TABLA DE CONTENIDOS

Jengibre, autor: Filo gèn '

licencia Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International

Extraído de: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Zingiber_officinale_%28Zingiberaceae%29.jpg/800px-Zingiber_officinale_%28Zingiberaceae%29.jpg

Taxonomía de Zingiber officinale

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La planta alcanza 1.5 metros de altura, con hojas largas de 20 cm; las flores están agrupadas en

una inflorescencia que sale de la base de la planta, tienen distintos colores según la variedad

tratada; generalmente son flores de tres sépalos amarillentos y tres pétalos de color guinda

con manchas claras, citado en [Inecol].

Botánica de Zingiber officinale

Extraído de: http://legacy.tropicos.org/Image/100165148.

Autor: S. Hameed . No se realizaron cambios

La importancia nutricional del jengibre reside en su amplísimo espectro de aceites esenciales

(2,5-3%) y sustancias picantes no volátiles. Los principales componentes de la fracción de

sustancias picantes son los gingeroles, con un 25%. Un contenido elevado de gingeroles y un

sabor picante intenso son señal de frescura y calidad. Por su estructura química y acción, los

gingeroles son semejantes al ácido acetilsalicílico, por lo que presentan un efecto analgésico.

Como antagonistas de la serotonina, un neurotransmisor, los gingeroles actúan en el estómago

y el intestino contra la flatulencia, los espasmos y las náuseas. Junto con los shogaoles, los

gingeroles figuran entre las sustancias picantes que incluso durante la cocción experimentan

poca evaporación. Estimulan el flujo de saliva y la secreción de jugos gástricos. Al excitar los

receptores térmicos del estómago generan en él una sensación ardiente y cálida muy intensa.

Los principales componentes de los aceites esenciales son los sesquiterpenos como el

curcumeno y el alfafarneseno [Wichtl M., 1989; pharmakobotanik , 2007] citados en [U.

Siedentopp, 2008]. Su aroma característico se debe a la mezcla de isómeros cis y trans del

betaeudesmol y a los alcoholes sesquiterpénicos betasesquifelandrol y zingiberol. El olor a

limón es debido al neral y el geranial [Ärztezeitschrift für Naturheilverfahren, 2001] citado

en [U. Siedentopp, 2008]. Al analizar los nutrientes destaca el elevado contenido en agua

(81%) y los hidratos de carbono (11%). En cuanto a los minerales, posee cantidades apreciables

de potasio, fósforo, magnesio y hierro [Elmadfa I., et al, 2004] citado en [U. Siedentopp,

2008]. Además, el jengibre contiene numerosas sustancias vegetales secundarias con efectos

antioxidantes.

Distribución mundial de Zingiber officinale

Extraído de: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:798372-1

Es nativa de Assam, centro-sur de China, Himalaya oriental, India e introducida en Islas

Andamán, Bangladesh, Borneo, Camboya, Sudeste de China, Comoras, Costa Rica, Cuba,

República Dominicana, Islas del Golfo de Guinea, Hainan, Haití, Honduras, Islas de

Sotavento, Islas Menores de Sunda, Madagascar, Malaya, Mauricio, Suroeste de México,

Myanmar, isla Nicobar, Filipinas, Puerto Rico, Queensland, Rodrigues, Reunión, Sri Lanka,

Taiwán, Tailandia, Trinidad-Tobago, Vietnam, Windward, Tailandia, Trinidad-Tobago,

Vietnam, Islas de Barlovento, Tailandia, Trinidad-Tobago, Vietnam, Islas de Barlovento.

[Plants of the world online]

II. COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA

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6-gingerol 8-gingerol

10-gingerol quercetina

zingerona gingerenona-A

6-dehidrogingerdiona β-bisaboleno

α-curcumeno β-sesquifelandreno

zingibereno α-farneseno

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III. SOLICITUDES DE PATENTES RELACIONADAS Y

ARTÍCULOS

A. Publicaciones de patentes por año

Fuente: Clarivate analytics

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Este gráfico muestra las solicitudes publicadas a lo largo de los años, siendo la mayor cantidad en 2019 y

2020 con 282 y 221 publicaciones, respectivamente, además desde enero hasta inicios de agosto del año

2021, la cantidad de publicaciones relacionadas con Zingiber officinale ha sido de 148. Se observa

también que existe una fluctuación de publicaciones en todos los años, sin embargo se observa que

dichas cantidades son iguales o superiores a 200 solicitudes desde el 2016.

B. Solicitudes de patentes por año

Este gráfico muestra las solicitudes presentadas a lo largo de los años, siendo la mayor cantidad en 2010,

2014 y 2017 con 225 y 232 y 237 publicaciones, respectivamente, además desde enero hasta inicios de

agosto del año 2020, la cantidad de solicitudes relacionadas con Zingiber officinale ha sido de 98. Se

observa también que existe una fluctuación de solicitudes en todos los años, sin embargo se observa que

dichas cantidades son iguales o superiores a 200 solicitudes desde el 2016.

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C. Tendencias tecnológicas relacionadas a papaya

Este gráfico muestra las tendencias tecnológicas relacionadas a kion desde el 2002 hasta el 2021,

evidenciando picos de tecnologías entre el 2018 al 2020. Se observa también que existe una fluctuación

de las tecnologías involucradas de los campos biotecnológico, farmacéutico, alimentario, cosmético en la

siguiente leyenda:

Cáncer, tratamiento, administración, desorden, enfermedad, inhibidor, farmacéutico

Cáncer , tratamiento, administración, inhibidor, enfermedad, desorden, farmacéutico

Nutricional, extracto, suplemento, dietario, Lactobacillus, probiótico, sabor

Cosmético, cabello, piel, cuidado oral, surfactante, extracto, limpieza

Antimicrobiano, hongos, biofilm, crecimiento, nocivo, microbiano, compuesto

Grano de café, té, tostado, cafeína, clorogénico, expreso

Ácido nucleico, ARN, cáncer, proteína, ingeniería, enfermedad, tratamiento

Aditivo para alimento, alimento para mascota, rumiante, suplemento, Lactobacillus, bacilo,

probiótico

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D. Clasificación Internacional de Patentes

Las clasificaciones que se observan en la mayor cantidad de solicitudes corresponden a A61K y A61Q:

A61K 8/00 Cosméticos o preparaciones similares para el aseo [2006.01].

A61K 8/97 •••a partir de algas, hongos, líquenes o plantas; a partir de sus derivados [2017.01]

A61K 36/00 Preparaciones medicinales de constitución indeterminada que contienen sustancias

procedentes de algas, líquenes, hongos o plantas o sus derivados, p. ej. medicinas

tradicionales basadas en plantas [2006.01]

A61K 36/906 •••Zingiberaceae (familia del jengibre) [2006.01]

A61K 36/18 •Magnoliophyta (angiospermas) [2006.01]

A61K 36/185 ••Magnoliopsida (dicotiledóneas) [2006.01]

A61K 36/56 •••Loganiaceae (familia de la logania), p. ej. Spigelia [2006.01]

A61K 36/28 •••Asteraceae o Compositae (familia del áster o del girasol) p. ej. margarita, crisantemo,

aquilea o equinácea [2006.01]

A61K 36/9068 ••••Zingiber, p. ej. jengibre [2006.01]

A61Q 19/00 Preparaciones para el cuidado de la piel [2006.01]

Página 10


E. Los mayores solicitantes de invenciones por regiones

La mayor cantidad de solicitudes presentadas se encuentran en China, con 430 solicitudes, India con

329 solicitudes, Estados Unidos, con 326 solicitudes, seguido de la República de Corea con 285, por vía

PCT con 232 solicitudes, Australia con 104, Canadá con 85 solicitudes cada una, respectivamente. Entre

los países sudamericanos, se observan solicitudes de Brasil con 75 y México con 67.

F. Estado de las solicitudes

Como se observa en el gráfico, 1080 solicitudes se encuentran denegadas por algún paso administrativo

incompleto, fallido o caduco en trámite, 1234 solicitudes se encuentran en trámite u otorgadas y 409

solicitudes figuran como indeterminadas.

Página 11



G. Tendencias de uso

En el siguiente mapa cartográfico sobre Zingiber officinale, se observa que algunas islas describen

actividades en la investigación relacionadas a este recurso, por ejemplo, su uso en medicina tradicional,

investigaciones botánicas, formulaciones herbarias, crecimiento del cabello, formas de preparación así

como otras actividades fitoquímicas.

En el siguiente mapa cartográfico sobre Zingiber officinale, algunas islas contienen información en

los campos agrícola, conocimientos tradicionales, químico, alimentario y farmacéutico, dentro de los

cuales destacan los procedimientos de obtención de aceite, extractos que se encuentran relacionadas

entre ellas. En otras islas se muestran las áreas relacionadas donde se localizan terapias contra

enfermedades contra el cáncer, diabetes, colitis, entre otras.

Página 12



Fuente: https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/8/6/185/htm

IV. PUBLICACIONES CIENTÍFICAS

Página 13

Fuente: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09064710.2019.1606930

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Fuente: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652619332688

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Fuente: https://clinphytoscience.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40816-018-0097-4

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Fuente: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Augustine-Airaodion/

publication/331438134_Investigation_of_Aqueous_Extract_of_Zingiberofficinale_Root_Potential_in_the_Prevention_of_Peptic_Ulcer_in_Albino_Rats/

links/5c7926a4299bf1268d2e52e3/Investigation-of-Aqueous-Extract-of-Zingiberofficinale-Root-Potential-in-the-Prevention-of-Peptic-Ulcer-in-Albino-Rats.pdf

Fuente: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fang-Chen-56/

publication/316975019_Beneficial_effects_of_ginger_Zingiber_officinale_Roscoe_on_obesity_and_metabolic_syndrome_A_review/

links/5a2562280f7e9b71dd078b10/Beneficial-effects-of-ginger-Zingiber-officinale-Roscoe-on-obesity-and-metabolic-syndrome-A-review.pdf

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Fuente: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13337-020-00584-0

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Fuente: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/87559129.2019.1573829

Página 22

Source: APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY | 180 (8): 1482-1496 DEC 2016

Title: Protective Effect of Zingiber officinale Against Dalton's Lymphoma Ascites Tumour by

Regulating Inflammatory Mediator and Cytokines

Author(s): Rubila, S | Ranganathan, TV | Sakthivel, KM

Date: DEC 2016

Author keywords: Zingiber officinale paste | Antitumour | GC-MS | Antioxidant enzymes |

Cytokines | 6-gingerol

Keywords plus: ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES | LIPID-PEROXIDATION | CANCER | GINGER |

EXTRACT | SYSTEM | ANTICANCER | METABOLISM | NUT

Publication year: 2016

Volume: 180

Abstract:

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate Zingiber officinale paste against Dalton's

lymphoma ascites (DLA)-induced tumours in Swiss albino mice. Experimental animals received Z.

officinale paste (low dose 100 mg/kg bw and high dose 500 mg/kg bw) orally for eight alternative days.

Treatment with Z. officinale paste showed significant increase in haemoglobin level and decrease in

aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and

gamma glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT) level. Z. officinale paste reduced the inflammatory

mediators and cytokine levels, such as inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), tumour necrosis factor level (TNF-

alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta). Treatment with Z. officinale paste also significantly increased

the antioxidant enzyme level, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione

(GSH) and glutathione transferase (GST), and decreased the lipid peroxidation. Treatment also

increased the vitamin C and E levels in treated animals compared with the DLA-bearing host.

Histopathological studies also confirmed the protective influence of Z. officinale paste against DLA. The

present study suggested that Z. officinale paste could be used as natural spice and a potent antitumour

agent.

Source: PLANTS-BASEL | 8 (8): - AUG 2019

Title: Comparative and Phylogenetic Analyses of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) in the Family

Zingiberaceae Based on the Complete Chloroplast Genome

Author(s): Cui, YX | Nie, LP | Sun, W | Xu, ZC | Wang, Y | Yu, J | Song, JY | Yao, H

Date: AUG 2019

Página 23

Author keywords: Zingiber officinale | Zingiberaceae | complete chloroplast genome |

comparative analysis | phylogenetic analysis

Keywords plus: SEQUENCE | MITOCHONDRIAL | RATES


Volume: 8

Abstract:

Zingiber officinale, commonly known as ginger, is an important plant of the family Zingiberaceae

and is widely used as an herbal medicine and condiment. The lack of chloroplast genomic information

hinders molecular research and phylogenetic analysis on ginger. We introduced the complete

chloroplast genome of Z. officinale and identified its phylogenetic position in Zingiberaceae. The

chloroplast genome of Z. officinale is 162,621 bp with a four-part circular structure and 36.1% GC

content. All 113 unique genes were annotated. A total of 78 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 42 long

repeat sequences, which are potential areas for species authentication, were found. Comparative

analysis revealed some highly variable regions, including rps16-trnQ-UUG, atpH-atpI, trnT-UGU-trnL-

UAA, ycf1, and psaC-ndhE. Moreover, the small single-copy (SSC) region was the most variable region

in all four shared regions, indicating that it may be undergoing rapid nucleotide substitution in the

family Zingiberaceae. Phylogenetic analysis based on all available chloroplasts of Zingiberales in the

National Center for Biotechnology Information indicated that Zingiber is a sister branch to Kaempferia

species. The availability of the Z. officinale chloroplast genome provided invaluable data for species-

level authentication and phylogenetic analysis and can thus benefit further investigations on species in

the family Zingiberaceae.

Source: FASEB JOURNAL | 34: - Suppl. S1 APR 2020

Title: Vaso-relaxant Effect of <it>Zingiber officinale</it> Extract Involves Release of Nitric Oxide

from the Endothelium

Author(s): Adebisi, IM | Bello, SO | Ugwah-Oguejiofor, CJ | Umaru, ML | Abubakar, K

Date: APR 2020

Author keywords:

Keywords plus:


Volume: 34

Abstract:

Página 24

PLANT SCIENCES

Source: FASEB JOURNAL | 31: - Suppl. 1 APR 2017

Title: Ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract inhibits the lipid droplet accumulation and expression of

adipogenic transcription factors in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes

Author(s): Kim, HJ | Mun, EG | Oh, JH | Cha, YS

Date: APR 2017

Author keywords:

Keywords plus:


Volume: 31

Abstract:

Abubakar, Kabiru

Source: JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL BEARING PLANTS | 22 (2): 526-534 MAR 4 2019

Title: Molluscicidal Activity of the Essential Oil of Zingiber officinale Roscoe Rhizomes

Author(s): Gomes, PRB | Fernandes, RP | Reis, JB | Fontenele, MA | de Freitas, AC | da Silva, JC | de

Oliveira, RWS | Lyra, WD | de Paula, MD | Louzeiro, HC | Mouchrek, VE

Date: MAR 4 2019

Author keywords: Volatile constituents | Zingiber officinale Roscoe | hydrodistillation |

Biomphalaria glabrata | Schistosomiasis | alpha-Zingiberene

Keywords plus: GINGER | SCHISTOSOMIASIS | ANTIFUNGAL | PLANTS


Volume: 22

Abstract:

This work evaluated the molluscicidal activity of the essential oil of the Zingiber officinale Roscoe

rhizomes in with of the Biomphalaria glabrata species. The essential oil was isolated quantitatively

by hydrodistillation and the oil was characterized analytically by gas chromatography coupled to mass

spectrometry and the LC50 of the oil was calculated from the methods of Reed-Muench & Pizzi,

respectively. From this, 18 components were identified, the main ones being A-zingiberene, geranial and

nerolidol. The essential oil obtained LC50 of 56.23 mg.L-1 and mortality of the snails in the

Página 25

concentration of 75 mg.L-1 in 72 hours. It was concluded that this essential oil has molluscicidal activity.

Source: INORGANIC AND NANO-METAL CHEMISTRY | 48 (2): 139-145 2018

Title: Sunlight mediated rapid synthesis of small size range silver nanoparticles using Zingiber

officinale rhizome extract and its antibacterial activity analysis

Author(s): Mathew, S | Prakash, A | Radhakrishnan, EK

Date: 2018

Author keywords: Silver nanoparticles | green synthesis | sunlight | small sized nanoparticles |

antibacterial | Zingiber officinale

Keywords plus: GREEN SYNTHESIS | ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY | ROOT EXTRACT | LEAF

EXTRACT | LINN.


Volume: 48

Abstract:

Herein we report the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) completed within a rapid time of 2

hrs using Zingiber officinale rhizome extract in presence of sunlight. Characterization of

nanoparticles was carried out by UV-Vis spectroscopy, HR-TEM, XRD and FTIR. Under TEM analysis,

the size of the biosynthesized AgNPs was found to be remarkably small with size range of 4 to 15 nm.

The AgNPs also exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and

Escherichia coli. MIC and MBC was found to be 62.5 mu g/mL and 500 mu g/mL for S. aureus, 125

mu g/mL and 250 mu g/mL for E. coli respectively.

Source: BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH | 170 (2): 330-330 APR 2016

Title: Genetic and Histopathological Responses to Cadmium Toxicity in Rabbit's Kidney and Liver:

Protection by Ginger (Zingiber officinale) (vol 170, pg 320, 2016)

Author(s): Baiomy, AA | Mansour, AA

Date: APR 2016

Author keywords:

Keywords plus:


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Volume: 170

Abstract:

Source: HOLISTIC NURSING PRACTICE | 33 (1): 60-65 JAN-FEB 2019

Title: Natural Health Strategies for Pain Care, Part I: A Phytomedicine Compendium

Author(s): Ross, SM

Date: JAN-FEB 2019

Author keywords:

Keywords plus: GINGER ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE | TOPICAL CAPSAICIN | DOUBLE-BLIND | TNF

-ALPHA | CURCUMIN | EFFICACY | OSTEOARTHRITIS | METAANALYSIS | EXTRACTS | ARNICA


Volume: 33

Abstract:

Source: INTERNATIONAL FOOD RESEARCH JOURNAL | 23 (2): 837-841 2016

Title: Chemical constituents and antibacterial activities of crude extract and essential oils of Alpinia

galanga and Zingiber officinale

Author(s): Hamad, A | Alifah, A | Permadi, A | Hartanti, D

Date: 2016

Author keywords: Crude extract | Essential oils | Alpinia galanga | Zingiber officinale | Chemical

constituents | Antimicrobial activity

Keywords plus: ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY | COMBINATION | LINN.


Volume: 23

Abstract:

Crude extract and essential oils from dried rhizome of two Zingiberaceae family plants, Alpinia

galanga and Zingiber officinale, were evaluated for their chemical constituents and antimicrobial

activity. The essential oils were analyzed by Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS). The

abundant constituents for A. galanga were cineole, 4-allylphenyl acetate, alpha-farnesene, (2,6-

dimethylphenyl) borate and alpha-pinene; and for Z. officinale were cineole, 2,2-dimethyl-3-

Página 27

methylenenorbornane, alpha-curcumenene, beta-sesquiphellandrene and rosefuran epoxide. Alpha-

pinene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenenorbornane, beta-pinene, beta-mircene, cineole, beta-citral, alpha-

citral, bornyl acetate, alpha-curcumene, alpha-zingiberene, beta-sesquiphellandrene, and hexadecanoic

acid are detected in both galangal and ginger rhizomes. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of

essential oils and crude extracts were evaluated by broth dillution method against foodborne bacteria

Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhymurium and

Vibrio cholera. MIC of crude extract and essential oils of galangal and ginger against all tested

microogranisms were relatively high. (c) All Rights Reserved

Source: EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY | 33: S593-S594 Suppl. S MAR 2016

Title: Post menopausal women's sexual satisfaction: Effect of oral capsule of mixed Tribulus

Terrestris, Zingiber Officinale, Crocus Sativus and Cinnamomum Verum: A randomized

controlled clinical trial

Author(s): Taavoni, S | Ekbatani, NN | Gooshegir, SA | Haghani, H

Date: MAR 2016

Author keywords:

Keywords plus:


Volume: 33

Abstract:

Source: PLANTA MEDICA | 82: - Suppl. 1 DEC 2016

Title: Ginger oil and its active ingredient, citral, relax rat airway smooth muscle by calcium channel

blockade

Author(s): Mangprayool, T | Chudapongse, N

Date: DEC 2016

Author keywords: Ginger oil | Zingiber officinale | citral; bronchodilation | calcium channel

Keywords plus: EXTRACT | NAUSEA


Volume: 82

Abstract:

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Source: NANOMATERIALS | 9 (9): - SEP 2019

Title: Zingiber officinale Extract (ZOE) Incorporated with Layered Double Hydroxide Hybrid

through Reconstruction to Preserve Antioxidant Activity of ZOE against Ultrasound and Microwave

Irradiation

Author(s): Kim, HJ | Lee, SB | Choi, AJ | Oh, JM

Date: SEP 2019

Author keywords: layered double hydroxide | Zingiber officinale extract | antioxidant activity |

ultrasound | microwave irradiation | protection

Keywords plus: INTRACRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE | CONTROLLED-RELEASE | GINGER

EXTRACT | INTERCALATION | CALCINATION | CHEMISTRY | DELIVERY | MG | CO


Volume: 9

Abstract:

We prepared Zingiber officinale extract (ZOE) incorporated in a layered double hydroxide (LDH)

hybrid through a reconstruction method in order to preserve the antioxidant activity of ZOE from

ultrasound and microwave irradiation. X-ray patterns, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron

microscopy suggested that ZOE moieties were encapsulated in the interparticle space of reconstructed

LDH, thus preserving its intact structure. Dynamic light scattering and zeta-potential measurement also

supported the hypothesis that ZOE moieties were located in the interparticle pore of LDH rather than at

the surface of LDH particles. Thermogravimetry analysis revealed that thermal stability of encapsulated

ZOE could be enhanced by LDH encapsulation. Radical scavenging assay showed that antioxidant

activity of ZOE-LDH hybrid was increased after ultrasound and microwave irradiation, while ZOE itself

dramatically lost its antioxidant activity upon ultrasound and microwave treatment.

Source: JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY | 44 (7): - JUL 2020

Title: The role of mTOR and oral intervention of combined Zingiber officinale-Terminalia

chebula extract in type 2 diabetes rat models

Author(s): Mathiyazhagan, J | Muthukaliannan, GK

Date: JUL 2020

Author keywords: mTOR | RIN-5F | Terminalia chebula | type 2 diabetes | Zingiber officinale

Keywords plus: INSULIN-RESISTANCE | CHOLESTEROL | CANCER | GROWTH | RETZ. | ASSAY

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Volume: 44

Abstract:

The present study examined the potential of Zingiber officinale-Terminalia chebula extract alone

(ZO and TC) and in combination (ZOTC) against type 2 diabetes via downregulation of mechanistic

target of rapamycin (mTOR). The 1:4 (ZOTC) ratio showed high cell survival percentage against the rat

insulinoma cell line (RIN-5F) when compared to other possible ratios of ZOTC. Oral administration of

ZO alone, TC alone, combined ZOTC (1:4), and the positive control metformin (Met) in fructose-

streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic rats showed reduced blood glucose levels, reduced insulin

resistance (HOMA-IR), increased insulin levels, and increased pancreatic beta cell function (HOMA-

beta). ZOTC treatment in diabetic rats ameliorated the antioxidant status without affecting liver and

serum parameters. Histological evaluation of the pancreas was performed to find pathological changes;

the transcriptional and immunohistochemistry results showed reduced mTOR expression in the

pancreas during ZOTC treatment. Conclusively, the results obtained suggest that ZOTC treatment

against fructose-STZ-induced type 2 diabetes rat models can help regulate blood glucose, insulin levels,

and normalize pancreatic beta cell damage. Practical applications Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic

disorder that affects a large number of populations worldwide. Zingiber officinale (ZO) and

Terminalia chebula (TC) has been used in traditional medicine since ancient times against various

ailments, including diabetes. In this study, we reported the effect of the combined ZOTC that showed

significant blood glucose reduction and increased insulin levels via mTOR when compared to individual

treatments. This finding is valuable for food technologists and alternative medicine practitioners to

know the antidiabetic effect of the ZOTC combination.

Source: INDIAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE | 16 (2): 256-262 APR 2017

Title: Development of chewable tablet of Trikatu churna and standardization by densitometry

Author(s): Tripathi, SM | Sharma, RJ | Bansal, AK | Bhutani, KK | Singh, IP

Date: APR 2017

Author keywords: Piper longum | Piper nigrum | Zingiber officinale | Trikatu | Densitometry

| HPTLC

Keywords plus: AYURVEDIC FORMULATION


Volume: 16

Abstract:

Página 30

Trikatu is a well known polyherbal powder form formulation in Ayurveda consisting of Piper longum

L. fruit, Piper nigrum L. fruit and Zingiber officinale Rosc. rhizome in equal amounts, i.e., 1:1:1

ratio. It is prescribed for cold, fever, asthma, cough, respiratory problems and treatment of digestive

disorders. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a densitometric method for the

identification and quantification of piperine and 6-gingerol in the crude drug Trikatu as the markers for

quality of raw materials and to develop a well characterized formulation of Trikatu as a chewable tablet.

Source: PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES | 31 (2): 491-498 MAR 2018

Title: Synergistic potential of Zingiber officinale and Curcuma longa to ameliorate diabetic-

dyslipidemia

Author(s): Hussain, N | Hashimi, AS | Wasim, M | Akhtar, T | Saeed, S | Ahmad, T

Date: MAR 2018

Author keywords: Diabetic-dyslipidemia | Phytomedicine | Zingiber officinale | Curcuma longa | 6-

Gingerol | Curcumin | HPLC

Keywords plus: EXTRACT | METABOLISM


Volume: 31

Abstract:

To find the cure of world's one of the leading morbid and mortal disorders; diabetes mellitus and its

most prevalent complication, 'diabetic-dyslipidemia', is one of the leading health challenges of 21st

century. The use of phytomedicine is a glimmer of hope in this scenario. Studies of current decade have

shown that methanolic extracts of Zingiber officinale and Curcuma longa have highly effective

therapeutic potentials against the aforesaid disorders, however, which of the extracts has more potential

is still unclear. Furthermore, synergistic effect of the extracts has never been studied. Forty-eight Albino

adult rats of either sex were randomly divided into eight groups. A-D groups were containing healthy

rats while E-H groups were of induced diabetic-dyslipidemic rats. For forty-two days, rats of each group

were given either distilled water or Zingiber officinale methanolic extract (ZOME) or Curcuma

longa methanolic extract (CLME) or ZOME+CLME therapies at dose rate of 300mg/100 mL dist.

H2O/kg body wt/day. FPG and lipid profiles were estimated before and after the trial, and were

statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA along with Post hoc Tukey's multiple comparison tests.

Although, ZOME and CLME significantly (P<0.05) lowered fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels and

controlled lipid profiles in diabetic-dyslipidemic rats; yet, synergistic therapy of both extracts

(ZOME+CLME) most significantly (P<0.05) controlled all parameters of diabetic-dyslipidemia (78.00

+/- 1.06mg/dL FPG, 62.00 +/- 0.58mg/dL TG, 66.50 +/- 0.76mg/dL cholesterol, 32.00 +/- 0.36mg/dL

Página 31

HDL, 22.43 +/- 0.64 mg/dL LDL, and 12.40 +/- 0.12mg/dL VLDL). Our findings may be useful to

formulate new medicines having multiple potentials to control diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and

diabetic-dyslipidemia.

Source: NATIONAL ACADEMY SCIENCE LETTERS-INDIA | 41 (6): 341-343 DEC 2018

Title: Invasive Hypogeic Mealybug, Formicococcus polysperes Williams (Hemiptera:

Pseudococcidae) on Turmeric (Curcuma longa Linnaeus): A New Host Record

Author(s): Firake, DM | Joshi, S | Rajappa, JJ | Behere, GT

Date: DEC 2018

Author keywords: Zingiber officinale | Northeast India | Meghalaya | Biology

Keywords plus: INDIA


Volume: 41

Abstract:

The turmeric, Cucurma longa Linnaeus (Zingiberaceae) is one of the most important commercial

spice crop grown in different parts of India including Meghalaya state. Invasive hypogeic mealybug,

Formicococcus polysperes Williams (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is reported for the first time

infesting rhizomes of turmeric under field conditions. Information on basic biological attributes on two

important hosts and field infestation of F. polysperes on turmeric is reported and discussed. In

laboratory conditions, female F. polysperes completed life cycle in 56.33 +/- 6.64 and 50.67 +/-

4.91days on ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and Cucurma longa Linnaeus, respectively. Although,

considerable yield losses were not observed due to infestation of F. polysperes on turmeric, studies on

chemical composition especially curcumin content' of infested and healthy turmeric rhizomes would be

essential in future to know the indirect losses due to F. polysperes.

Source: ANAIS DA ACADEMIA BRASILEIRA DE CIENCIAS | 91 (4): - 2019

Title: Zingiber officinale formulation reduces hepatic injury and weight gain in rats fed an unhealthy

diet

Author(s): Leal, DT | Fontes, GG | Villa, JKD | Freitas, RB | Campos, MG | Carvalho, CA | Pizziolo, VR

| Diaz, MAN

Date: 2019

Author keywords: cafeteria diet | gingerol | nonalcoholic fatty liver disease | oxidative stress | shogaol

Página 32

| Zingiber officinale

Keywords plus: FATTY LIVER-DISEASE | ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY | LIPID-PEROXIDATION |

METABOLIC SYNDROME | ETHANOLIC EXTRACT | INDUCED OBESITY | GINGER | 6-GINGEROL |

INSULIN | ACCUMULATION


Volume: 91

Abstract:

This study investigated the ability of formulation containing Zingiber officinale (ginger) to reverse

health changes promoted by unhealthy diet in Wistar rats. Five compounds from the gingerol family and

three from the shogaol family were identified in the chromatographic analyzes of the extract. The animals

were fed a combination of unhealthy foods, the cafeteria diet, which promoted increases in body weight,

hepatocyte nucleus area, total hepatocyte area and liver fat accumulation, as well as reduced hepatic

glutathione S-transferase concentration, compared to the control group, which received commercial

chow. The treatment with ginger improved all these results, highlighting the reduction of 10% of body

weight and 66% of the total area of lipid droplets deposited, compared to the group that received the

cafeteria diet. Ginger treatments also attenuated lipid peroxidation, with a mean reduction of 41% in

malondialdehyde levels and a mean increase of 222% in glutathione S-transferase activity in the liver.

The cafeteria diet and ginger extract did not promote significant changes in glycemic and lipid profile,

liver weight and liver enzymes compared to the control group. We suggest that ginger can have beneficial

effects on health complications associated with unhealthy diet, such as excessive adiposity, oxidative

stress and hepatic injury.

Source: JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL BEARING PLANTS | 21 (6): 1542-1549 NOV 2 2018

Title: Chemical Composition and Skin Protective Effects of Essential Oil Obtained from Ginger (Zingiber

officinale Roscoe)

Author(s): Feng, J | Du, ZY | Zhang, LY | Luo, WQ | Zheng, YT | Chen, DK | Pan, WY | Yang, ZW | Lin,

L | Xi, LY

Date: NOV 2 2018

Author keywords: Ginger | essential oils | nude mice | UVB | anti-wrinkle

Keywords plus: TECHNOLOGY | CHEMISTRY


Volume: 21

Página 33

Abstract:

This study aimed to determine the chemical composition and skin protective effects of essential oil from

ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), a traditional Chinese medicine, spice, and food. Essential oil was

extracted from ginger by hydrodistillation. Forty-three compounds were identified in ginger essential oil

(GEO) by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. GEO comprised alpha-zingiberene (26.00 %),

beta-sesquiphyllandrene (8.10 %), alpha-curcumene (7.99 %), alpha-bergamotene (7.99 %), beta-

bisabolene (7.47 %), and ar-turmerone (3.86 %). Skin damage induced by eight-week Ultraviolet B

(UVB) irradiation, including erythema, wrinkles, and skin inflammation in nude mice. GEO treatment at

three different concentrations ameliorated UVB-induced skin inflammation and inhibited interleukin-1

beta and tumour necrosis factor-alpha expression in skin tissues. Therefore, GEO adequately protected

the skin from UVB irradiation and photoaging.

Source: JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE | 91 (2): 887-895 MAR 2018

Title: Essential oils cause detrimental effects on biological parameters of Trichogramma galloi

immatures

Author(s): Parreira, DS | Alcantara-de la Cruz, R | Zanuncio, JC | Lemes, PG | Rolim, GD | Barbosa,

LR | Leite, GLD | Serrao, JE

Date: MAR 2018

Author keywords: Immature stages | Natural products | Parasitoids | Reproductive performance |

Selectivity

Keywords plus: FRUGIPERDA LEPIDOPTERA-NOCTUIDAE | PRETIOSUM HYMENOPTERA

TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE | BOTANICAL INSECTICIDES | HEMIPTERA-PENTATOMIDAE |

AZADIRACHTA-INDICA | NATURAL-PRODUCTS | EGG PARASITOIDS | MELIA-AZEDARACH |

NEEM OIL | TOXICITY


Volume: 91

Abstract:

Essential oils from botanical extracts used for insect pest control should be both effective and have low

impact on natural enemies. The objective was to evaluate the effects of ten essential oils on the biological

and reproductive parameters in two Trichogramma galloi Zucchi (Hymenoptera:

Trichogrammatidae) generations. The emergence F-1 generation of T. galloi was reduced by more than

30% with Allium sativum, Carapa guianensis, Citrus sinensis, Neem and Syzygium

aromaticum. Zingiber officinale reduced the T. galloi emergence of the F-1 and F-2 generations by

Página 34

between 30 and 99%. The longevity of the F-1 generation was reduced by more than 50% with Z.

officinale at the pre-pupae and pupae stages. All oils reduced the parasitism rate of the F-1 generation in

the egg-larva and pre-pupa stages. Allium sativum, C. guianensis and C. sinensis, Neem and

Origanum vulgare reduced parasitism by between 30 and 79%. Zingiber officinale was slightly and

moderately harmful to the F-1 and F-2 generations, respectively, for the T. galloi parasitism. The sex

ratio of the two T. galloi generations was not affected by the essential oils. The low side effects of the

oils on the F-2 generation, except for Z. officinale (the most harmful oil), suggest that T. galloi

developed some post-transgenerational tolerance/resistance mechanisms to these oils and/or their

components. The A. sativum, C. guianensis, C. sinensis, Neem, O. vulgare, S. aromaticum and

Z. officinale oils were not selective for T. galloi. Mentha piperita, Piper nigrum and Thymus

vulgaris essential oils can be included in integrated pest management programs for this parasitoid.

Source: CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS | 270: 15-23 MAY 25 2017

Title: Protective properties of 6-gingerol-rich fraction from Zingiber officinale (Ginger) on

chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative damage and inflammation in the brain, ovary and uterus of rats

Author(s): Abolaji, AO | Ojo, M | Afolabi, TT | Arowoogun, MD | Nwawolor, D | Farombi, EO

Date: MAY 25 2017

Author keywords: Chlorpyrifos | Zingiber officinale | Female reprotoxicity | Neurotoxicity |

Oxidative damage | Inflammation

Keywords plus: GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASES | INDUCED TOXICITY | NITRIC-OXIDE |

DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER | REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY | SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE |

ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES | LIPID-PEROXIDATION | ULCERATIVE-COLITIS | EXPRESSION


Volume: 270

Abstract:

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphorus pesticide widely used in agricultural applications and

household environments. 6-Gingerol-rich fraction from Zingiber officinale (Ginger, 6-GRF) has been

reported to possess potent anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Here, we

investigated the protective properties of 6-GRF on CPF-induced oxidative damage and inflammation in

the brain, ovary and uterus of rats. Five groups of rats containing 14 rats/group received corn oil

(control), CPF (5 mg/kg), 6-GRF (100 mg/Kg), CPF (5 mg/kg) + 6-GRF (50 mg/kg) and CPF (5 mg/kg)

+ 6-GRF (100 mg/kg) through gavage once per day for 35 days respectively. The results showed that 6-

GRF protected against CPF-induced increases in oxidative stress ((hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and

malondialdehyde (MDA)), inflammatory (myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO) and tumour

Página 35

necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- alpha)), and apoptotic (caspase-3) markers. Also, 6-GRF improved the

activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx),

and glutathione S-transferase (GST) as well as glutathione (GSH) level in the brain, ovary and uterus of

rats exposed to CPF (p < 0.05). Overall, the protective effects of 6-GRF on CPF-induced toxicity in the

brain and reproductive organs of rats may be due to its potent antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and

antiapoptotic properties. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Source: FOODS | 7 (4): - APR 2018

Title: How Safe Is Ginger Rhizome for Decreasing Nausea and Vomiting in Women during Early

Pregnancy?

Author(s): Stanisiere, J | Mousset, PY | Lafay, S

Date: APR 2018

Author keywords: pregnancy | Zingiber officinale R | ginger | NVP | toxicity | safety | adverse

effects | food supplement | CAM

Keywords plus: ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE ROSCOE | ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE USE |

POSTPARTUM PERIOD | COMPLEMENTARY | EXTRACT | TOXICITY | PHARMACOKINETICS |

CLASSIFICATION | 6-GINGEROL | VITAMIN-B6


Volume: 7

Abstract:

Ginger, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, is increasingly consumed as a food or in food supplements. It is

also recognized as a popular nonpharmacological treatment for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy

(NVP). However, its consumption is not recommended by all countries for pregnant women. Study

results are heterogeneous and conclusions are not persuasive enough to permit heath care professionals

to recommend ginger safely. Some drugs are also contraindicated, leaving pregnant women with NVP

with few solutions. We conducted a review to assess effectiveness and safety of ginger consumption

during early pregnancy. Systematic literature searches were conducted on Medline (via Pubmed) until

the end of December 2017. For the evaluation of efficacy, only double-blind, randomized, controlled

trials were included. For the evaluation of the safety, controlled, uncontrolled, and pre-clinical studies

were included in the review. Concerning toxicity, none can be extrapolated to humans from in vitro

results. In vivo studies do not identify any major toxicities. Concerning efficacy and safety, a total of 15

studies and 3 prospective clinical studies have been studied. For 1 g of fresh ginger root per day for four

days, results show a significant decrease in nausea and vomiting and no risk for the mother or her future

baby. The available evidence suggests that ginger is a safe and effective treatment for NVP. However,

Página 36

beyond the ginger quantity needed to be effective, ginger quality is important from the perspective of

safety.

Source: JOURNAL OF NATURAL MEDICINES | 72 (2): 530-536 MAR 2018

Title: Inhibitory effect of bofutsushosan (fang feng tong sheng san) on glucose transporter 5 function in

vitro

Author(s): Gao, SL | Satsu, H | Makino, T

Date: MAR 2018

Author keywords: Glucose transporter 5 | Fructose | Bofutsushosan | Zingiber officinale | 6-gingerol

Keywords plus: HEALTH


Volume: 72

Abstract:

Bofutsushosan (BTS; fang feng tong sheng san in Chinese) is a formula in traditional Japanese Kampo

medicine and Chinese medicine comprising eighteen crude drugs, and is used to treat obesity and

metabolic syndrome. Fructose is contained in refreshing beverages as high-fructose corn syrup, and is

associated with obesity. Fructose is absorbed via glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5) in the intestine.

Therefore, the inhibition of GLUT5 is considered to be a target of obesity drugs. We evaluated the

inhibitory effects of BTS extract and its constituents on fructose uptake using Chinese hamster ovary K1

cells, i.e., cells stably expressing GLUT5. Boiled water extract of BTS significantly suppressed GLUT5

function in a concentration-dependent manner without cytotoxicities. Among 18 components of BTS,

the boiled water extracts of the rhizome of Zingiber officinale, the root and rhizome of

Saposhnikovia divaricata, and the root of Platycodon grandiflorum exhibited significant inhibitory

effects on fructose uptake with IC50 values of 314, 119 and 475 A mu g/ml, respectively. Among the

constituents of the rhizome of Z. officinale extract, 6-gingerol significantly inhibited GLUT5 with an

IC50 value of 39 A mu M, while 6-shogaol exhibited a significant but weak inhibition on GLUT5 at 100

A mu M. One of the mechanisms of action of BTS may be the inhibition of fructose absorption in the

intestine, and one of the active components of BTS is the rhizome of Z. officinale and 6-gingerol.

Source: JOM | 70 (6): 982-987 JUN 2018

Title: Insights into Comparative Antimicrobial Efficacies of Synthetic and Organic Agents: The Case of

ZnS Nanoparticles and Zingiber officinale Rosc.

Author(s): Obidi, OF | Nejo, AO | Ayeni, RA | Revaprasadu, N

Página 37

Date: JUN 2018

Author keywords:

Keywords plus: MEDICINAL-PLANTS | SAFETY | GINGER


Volume: 70

Abstract:

The differences among the antimicrobial activities of synthetic nanoparticles (NPs), organic agents and

conventional antibiotics against human pathogens are little known. We compared the antimicrobial

activities of aqueous, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Zingiber officinale rhizomes with ZnS NPs

and tetracycline/nystatin using agar-diffusion techniques. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM),

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet spectroscopy were used to characterize ZnS NPs. At

100 mg/ml, ethanol and ethyl acetate extract inhibited Acinetobacter baumannii, Salmonella

typhimurium, Enterococcus faecium, Shigella flexneri, Klebsiella pneumoniae,

Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans with zones of inhibition (ZOI) ranging

between 0-42 mm and 0-39 mm, respectively. Candida albicans had a remarkable ZOI of 42 mm and

22 mm from ethanol and ZnS NPs compared with 20 mm from conventional nystatin. TEM and FTIR

revealed spherically shaped polydispersed NPs with particle size of 12.5 nm and the role of banana peel

extracts in ZnS NPs synthesis. Organic and synthetic NPs proved potential alternatives to conventional

antimicrobial agents.

Source: SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE | 256: - OCT 15 2019

Title: Methyl jasmonate maintained antioxidative ability of ginger rhizomes by regulating antioxidant

enzymes and energy metabolism

Author(s): Li, CY | Zhang, JH | Wei, ML | Ge, YH | Hou, JB | Cheng, Y | Chen, JX

Date: OCT 15 2019

Author keywords: Reactive oxygen species | Zingiber officinale | Energy charge | Antioxidative

ability

Keywords plus: CHILLING INJURY | ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE | OXIDATIVE STRESS | COLD-

STORAGE | LONGAN FRUIT | NITRIC-OXIDE | SENESCENCE | ACID | L. | ACCUMULATION


Volume: 256

Abstract:

Página 38

Antioxidant capacity and energy status are closely related to postharvest senescence and stress tolerance

of fruits and vegetables. In this study, ginger rhizomes were treated with 100 mu M methyl jasmonate

(MeJA) solution for 10 min and stored at 20 degrees C with 30%-40% relative humidity for 18 d to

investigate the changes of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, the activity of antioxidant enzymes in

reactive oxygen species and energy metabolism. The results indicated that MeJA treatment increased

H2O2 content and the activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and

glutathione reductase in ginger rhizomes. The activity of succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome C

oxidase, H+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase, the content of ATP, ADP and energy charge were also enhanced

by MeJA treatinent in ginger rhizomes. All these results suggest that MeJA could maintain antioxidative

capacity of ginger rhizomes by regulating antioxidant enzymes and energy metabolism during room

temperature storage.

Source: IET NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY | 13 (3): 262-268 MAY 2019

Title: Autoclave-assisted synthesis of AgNPs in Z. officinale extract and assessment of their

cytotoxicity, antibacterial and antioxidant activities

Author(s): Kalantari, K | Afifi, AM | Moniri, M | Moghaddam, AB | Kalantari, A | Izadiyan, Z

Date: MAY 2019

Author keywords: nanoparticles | cancer | organic compounds | antibacterial activity | particle size |

microorganisms | silver | visible spectra | ultraviolet spectra | biomedical materials | biochemistry |

nanofabrication | free radicals | nanomedicine | toxicology | cellular biophysics | transmission electron

microscopy | unique approach | eco-friendly approach | Zingiber officinale | reducing agent |

stabiliser agent | transmission electron microscopy results | antibacterial agents | free radical

scavenging activity | synthesised AgNPs | 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical scavenging | strong

bactericidal activity | antimicrobial AgNPs | autoclave-assisted synthesis | antioxidant activities |

cytotoxic effect | silver nanoparticles | autoclave | time 24 | 0 hour

Keywords plus: MEDIATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES | GREEN SYNTHESIS | GOLD

NANOPARTICLES | NANOCRYSTALLINE SILVER | SEED EXTRACT | BIOSYNTHESIS | AG |

STRAIN | WOUNDS | SHAPE


Volume: 13

Abstract:

In this study, the authors synthesised silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using autoclave as a simple, unique

and eco-friendly approach. The effect of Zingiber officinale extract was evaluated as a reducing and

stabiliser agent. According to transmission electron microscopy results, the AgNPs were in the spherical

Página 39

shape with a particle size of similar to 17 nm. The biomedical properties of AgNPs as antibacterial agents

and free radical scavenging activity were estimated. Synthesised AgNPs showed significant 1,1-diphenyl-2

-picryl-hydrazyl free radical scavenging. Strong bactericidal activity was shown by the AgNPs on Gram-

positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A maximum inhibition zone of similar to 14 mm was obtained for

epidermidis at a concentration of 60 mu g/ml for sample fabricated at 24 h. The AgNPs also showed a

significant cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines with an half maximal inhibitory

concentration value of 62 mu g/ml in 24 h by the MTT assay. It could be concluded that Z. officinale

extract can be used effectively in the production of potential antioxidant and antimicrobial AgNPs for

commercial application.

Source: AGRONOMY-BASEL | 11 (2): - FEB 2021

Title: Alterations in Microrhizome Induction, Shoot Multiplication and Rooting of Ginger (Zingiber

officinale Roscoe) var. Bentong with Regards to Sucrose and Plant Growth Regulators Application

Author(s): Zahid, NA | Jaafar, HZE | Hakiman, M

Date: FEB 2021

Author keywords: Zingiber officinale Rosc | var Bentong | microrhizome | sucrose | cytokinin | 1-

naphthaleneacetic acid

Keywords plus:


Volume: 11

Abstract:

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) var. Bentong is a monocotyledon plant that belongs to the

Zingiberaceae family. Bentong ginger is the most popular cultivar of ginger in Malaysia, which is

conventionally propagated by its rhizome. As its rhizomes are the economic part of the plant, the

allocation of a large amount of rhizomes as planting materials increases agricultural input cost.

Simultaneously, the rhizomes' availability as planting materials is restricted due to the high demand for

fresh rhizomes in the market. Moreover, ginger propagation using its rhizome is accompanied by several

types of soil-borne diseases. Plant tissue culture techniques have been applied to produce disease-free

planting materials of ginger to overcome these problems. Hence, the in vitro-induced microrhizomes are

considered as alternative disease-free planting materials for ginger cultivation. On the other hand,

Bentong ginger has not been studied for its microrhizome induction. Therefore, this study was conducted

to optimize sucrose and plant growth regulators (PGRs) for its microrhizome induction. Microrhizomes

were successfully induced in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with a high sucrose

concentration (>45 g L-1). In addition, zeatin at 5-10 mu M was found more effective for microrhizome

Página 40

induction than 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at a similar concentration. The addition of 7.5 mu M 1-

naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) further enhanced microrhizome formation and reduced sucrose's required

dose that needs to be supplied for efficient microrhizome formation. MS medium supplemented with 60

g L-1 sucrose, 10 mu M zeatin and 7.5 mu M NAA was the optimum combination for the microrhizome

induction of Bentong ginger. The in vitro-induced microrhizomes sprouted indoors in moist sand and all

the sprouted microrhizomes were successfully established in field conditions. In conclusion, in vitro

microrhizomes can be used as disease-free planting materials for the commercial cultivation of Bentong

ginger.

Source: SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE | 48 (6): 997-1008 2018

Title: Influence of dietary supplementation of ginger powder at different levels on growth performance,

haematological profiles, slaughter traits and gut morphometry of broiler chickens

Author(s): Shewita, RS | Taha, AE

Date: 2018

Author keywords: Zingiber officinale | chicken | growth | immunity | serum parameters | carcass

Keywords plus: ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE | ANTIOXIDANT STATUS | SERUM METABOLITES |

ESSENTIAL OIL | BLOOD


Volume: 48

Abstract:

The present investigation was performed to determine the impact of the dietary inclusion of ginger

powder (Zingiber officinale) on the growth performance, immune response, slaughter traits, blood

biochemistry and gut morphology of broiler chickens. One hundred and eighty unsexed broiler chicks

(Avian 48) were randomly allocated to four equal groups (45 birds each) (G1, G2, G3 and G4), and each

treatment had three replicates (15 birds/replicate). The G1 group was fed with basal diet, G2, G3 and G4

were received the basal diet plus 2 g/kg, 4 g/kg and 6 g/kg ginger powder, respectively. The trial lasted

for six weeks. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in the final bodyweight of G4 compared

with those of G2 and G3. However, total feed intake improved in G2 and G3 and decreased in G4. The

lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed in chicks of G3, followed by that of G2. At 42 days old,

the ginger-supplemented groups showed significant increases in hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titre

against Newcastle Disease virus. Significant increases in the leucocyte count (WBCs) and serum total

protein were noticed only in G4, and cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels decreased

significantly in G4. In addition, the serum very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triglyceride levels

Página 41

decreased significantly in the ginger-supplemented groups compared with G1, and the abdominal fat

percentage significantly decreased in the G3 and G4 groups. Additionally, the ginger-supplemented

groups showed higher villus lengths and greater crypt depths than the control group. Supplementation

with ginger powder at a moderate level up to 4 g/kg diet has beneficial effects on growth performance,

and up to level 6 g/kg diet improves histological gut parameters and hypolipidemic properties of

broilers.

Source: NATURAL PRODUCT COMMUNICATIONS | 13 (6): 763-766 JUN 2018

Title: Zingiber vuquangensis and Z. castaneum: Two Newly Discovered Species from Vietnam

and Their Essential Oil Constituents

Author(s): Huong, LT | Huong, TT | Huong, NTT | Chau, DTM | Sam, LN | Ogunwande, IA

Date: JUN 2018

Author keywords: Zingiber vuquangensis | Zingiber castaneum | Essential oil | Monoterpenes |

Sesquiterpenes

Keywords plus: RICH ESSENTIAL OIL | OFFICINALE ROSCOE | RHIZOME OIL | INDIA | LEAVES


Volume: 13

Abstract:

The chemical constituents of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from Zingiber vuquangensis

Ly N.S., Le T.H., Trinh T. H., Nguyen V.H., Do N.D. and Zingiber castaneum Skorniek. & Q.B.

Nguyen collected from Vu Quang National Park, Ha Tinh Province, Vietnam were analysed by GC and

GC-MS. beta-Pinene (24.7% and 26.1%) and beta-caryophyllene (12.3% and 13.9%) were the main

constituents in the leaf oil and stem oil of Zingiber vuquangensis. On the other hand the root oil

contained bornyl acetate (20.9%), zerumbone (14.1%) and alpha-humulene (9.6%) while beta-pinene

(19.6%), 1,8-cineole (15.6%), alpha-pinene (10.3%) and beta-caryophyllene (10.4%) were the significant

compounds of the fruit oil. The leaf oil Zingiber castaneum was dominated by beta-pinene (30.6%),

alpha-pinene (9.5%), beta-caryophyllene (9.4%) and bicycloelemene (9.1%). The compounds occurring

in higher quantity in the stem oil were beta-caryophyllene (14.7%), delta-cadinene (9.8%),

bicycloelemene (8.4%) and alpha-cubebene (7.8%). However, camphene (15.1%), 1,8-cineole (13.6%),

linalool (11.3%) and delta-3-carene (8.5%) were the main compounds of the root oil while (E)-nerolidol

(23.2%), (Z)-9-octadecenamide (17.3%) and beta-caryophyllene (10.8%) were the main constituents of

the fruit oil. The essential oil did not exhibit noticeable antimicrobial effects. This is the first report on

the volatile compositions of Z. vuquangensis and Z. castaneum.

Página 42

Source: PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES | 33 (4): 1641-1657 JUL 2020

Title: Authentication of various commercially available crude drugs using different quality control

testing parameters

Author(s): Fatima, K | Mahmud, S | Yasin, H | Asif, R | Qadeer, K | Ahmad, I

Date: JUL 2020

Author keywords: Plant materials | Powder microscopy | TLC | FTIR | Quality control tests

Keywords plus: GINGER ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE | STANDARDIZATION | CRITERIA | EFFICACY

| MEDICINE | SAFETY


Volume: 33

Abstract:

The object of this study is to investigate the quality of various plant materials used in the preparation of

herbal formulations using different methods of standardization to confirm their purity, safety and

efficacy. However, it is uncertain whether these raw materials comply with the standards prescribed in

the pharmacopeias. In the present study six raw materials' i.e. Foeniculum vulgarae, Curcuma

longa, Aloe barbadensis, Plantago ovata, Zingiber officinale and Glycyrrhiza glabra have

been obtained from the market and various quality control tests including microscopic evaluation,

physico-chemical characteristics, thin layer chromatography (TLC), spectrophotometric assay (British

Pharmacopoeia) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) have been performed to determine

their compliance with the standards. The TLC has been used for the identification of the active

ingredients on comparison of their R-f values with the reference standard FTIR Spectra of these

materials have been obtained to assign the functional groups present in the components of a particular

material. Although these findings provide a significant data to herbal drug manufacturers for

authentication of commercially available plant materials used in various herbal formulation.

Source: JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS | 31: 304-310 APR 2017

Title: Neuroprotective effect of 6-paradol enriched ginger extract by fermentation using

Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Author(s): Choi, JW | Park, HY | Oh, MS | Yoo, HH | Lee, SH | Ha, SK

Date: APR 2017

Author keywords: 6-paradol | Zingiber officinale Roscoe | Schizosaccaromyces pombe |

Página 43

Biotransformation | 6-shogaol | Fermentation

Keywords plus: ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE ROSCOE | ASPERGILLUS-NIGER | PUNGENT

CONSTITUENTS | ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE | BIOTRANSFORMATION | 6-SHOGAOL | SHOGAOL |

PARADOLS | CHROMATOGRAPHY | REEXAMINATION


Volume: 31

Abstract:

6-paradol is a non-pungent and biotransformed metabolite of 6-shogaol. It has recently been shown to

exhibit a variety of biological activities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative

activities. This study was designed to investigate biotransformation of 6-shogaol to 6-paradol from 6-

shogaol-enriched ginger extracts (SGE) by Schizosaccharomyces pombe and evaluate the

neuroprotective effect of fermented ginger extract (FGE). During fermentation of SGE by S. pombe, 6-

gingerol content was maintained, whereas 6-shogaol was efficiently biotransformed to 6-paradol. FGE

was evaluated for its neuroprotective effect against amyloid-beta (A beta)-induced neurotoxicity in rat

primary hippocampal cells. Cell viability was reduced to 68%, and to 65% when exposed to A beta

oligomer and A beta plaque for 18 h, and 50 mu g/mL of FGE increased cell viability (92% and 89.6%,

respectively). These results indicate that fermentation of SGE can provide an efficient method of 6-

pradol formation and that FGE has potential as a neuroprotective agent. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights

reserved.

Source: LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY | 126: - MAY 2020

Title: Total phenolics, total carotenoids, individual phenolics and antioxidant activity of ginger

(Zingiber officinale) rhizome as affected by drying methods

Author(s): Ghafoor, K | Al Juhaimi, F | Ozcan, MM | Uslu, N | Babiker, EE | Ahmed, IAM

Date: MAY 2020

Author keywords: Ginger | Drying | Total phenolics | Total carotenoids | Antioxidant activity |

Phenolic compounds

Keywords plus: CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION | ROSCOE SLICES | CAPACITY | OPTIMIZATION |

ACID


Volume: 126

Abstract:

Página 44

This study was conducted to evaluate total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, total carotenoids and

phenolic compounds of ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizomes dried using different drying methods

(oven, microwave, freeze and room-air drying). Freeze-dried ginger rhizomes exhibited significantly (p <

0.05) higher total phenolics (931.94 mgGAE/100 g), antioxidant activity (82.00%) and total carotenoids

(13.17 mu g/g) than those dried using other techniques. Oven-dried ginger showed higher values for all

individual phenolic compounds detected in this study as compared to those dried using other methods.

The dominant phenolic compounds of dried ginger included (+)-catechin (250.02 mg/100 g), gallic acid

(197.03 mg/100 g) and 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (116.07 mg/100 g). Drying of ginger rhizome using

oven and freeze-drying methods my result in improved contents of bioactive compounds and higher

antioxidant activity. Correlation analyses for biochemical composition of ginger rhizomes showed that

total phenolics were positively correlated with antioxidant activity (r(2) = 0.973, p < 0.001).

Source: MOLECULES | 23 (8): - AUG 2018

Title: Beneficial Effect of Herbal Formulation KM1608 on Inflammatory Bowl Diseases: A Preliminary

Experimental Study

Author(s): Shin, MS | Kim, SB | Lee, J | Choi, HS | Park, J | Park, JY | Lee, S | Hwang, GS | Koo, BA |

Kang, KS

Date: AUG 2018

Author keywords: anti-inflammatory | Aucklandia lappa DC | ulcerative colitis | Terminalia chebula

Retz | Zingiber officinale Roscoe

Keywords plus: ULCERATIVE-COLITIS | ACID | GASTROENTEROLOGY | MECHANISMS | MICE


Volume: 23

Abstract:

Aucklandia lappa DC., Terminalia chebula Retz and Zingiber officinale Roscoe have been

traditionally used in east Asia to treat chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain. This study aimed to

evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of KM1608, which is composed of three natural herbs in a mouse

model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis. The anti-inflammatory activity and

underlying mechanism were assessed in vitro using LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. The in vivo effect of

KM1608 on DSS-induced colitis was examined after oral administration in mice. KM1608 significantly

inhibited the inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide, interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemotactic

protein 1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. The inhibitory effect

of KM1608 was attributed to the reduction of Akt phosphorylation in the LPS-treated cells. In the mouse

model, oral administration of KM1608 significantly improved DSS-induced colitis symptoms, such as

Página 45

disease activity index (DAI), colon length, and colon weight, as well as suppressed the expression of IL-6,

TNF-, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the DSS-induced colitis tissues. Taken together, KM1608

improved colitis through the regulation of inflammatory responses, suggesting that KM1608 has

potential therapeutic use in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Source: ACS OMEGA | 3 (12): 18572-18581 DEC 2018

Title: Ginger Extract Promotes Telomere Shortening and Cellular Senescence in A549 Lung Cancer Cells

Author(s): Kaewtunjai, N | Wongpoomchai, R | Imsumran, A | Pompimon, W | Athipornchai, A |

Suksamrarn, A | Lee, TR | Tuntiwechapikul, W

Date: DEC 2018

Author keywords:

Keywords plus: DIETARY PHYTOCHEMICALS | ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE | CHEMOPREVENTION |

APOPTOSIS | INHIBITION | ANTICANCER | 6-SHOGAOL | CURCUMIN | PATHWAY


Volume: 3

Abstract:

Replicative senescence, which is caused by telomere shortening from the end replication problem, is

considered one of the tumor-suppressor mechanisms in eukaryotes. However, most cancers escape this

replicative senescence by reactivating telomerase, an enzyme that extends the 3'-ends of the telomeres.

Previously, we reported the telomerase inhibitory effect of a crude Zingiber officinale extract (ZOE),

which suppressed hTERT expression, leading to a reduction in hTERT protein and telomerase activity in

A549 lung cancer cells. In the present study, we found that ZOE-induced telomere shortening and

cellular senescence during the period of 60 days when these A549 cells were treated with subcytotoxic

doses of ZOE. Using assay-guided fractionation and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis, we

found that the major compounds in the active subfractions were paradols and shogaols of various chain

lengths. The results from studies of pure 6-paradol and 6-shogaol confirmed that these two compounds

could suppress hTERT expression as well as telomerase activity in A549 cells. These results suggest that

these paradols and shogaols are likely the active compounds in ZOE that suppress hTERT expression and

telomerase activity in these cells. Furthermore, ZOE was found to be nontoxic and had an anticlastogenic

effect against diethylnitrosamine-induced liver micronucleus formation in rats. These findings suggest

that ginger extract can potentially be useful in dietary cancer prevention.

Source: FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE | 9: - OCT 4 2018

Title: The Fight Against Panax notoginseng Root-Rot Disease Using Zingiberaceae Essential Oils as

Página 46

Potential Weapons

Author(s): Yin, YJ | Chen, CJ | Guo, SW | Li, KM | Ma, YN | Sun, WM | Xu, FR | Cheng, YX | Dong, X

Date: OCT 4 2018

Author keywords: Panax notoginseng | root-rot disease | Zingiberaceae | EOs | fungi

Keywords plus: INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION | LIPID-PEROXIDATION | STRESS |

PHOTOSYNTHESIS | FUSARIUM | PHOTORESPIRATION | ANTIOXIDANT | ANTIFUNGAL |

GENOTYPES | DEPLETION


Volume: 9

Abstract:

The root of Panax notoginseng (P. notoginseng) is one of the most highly valuable medicinal herbs

in China owing to its pronounced hemostatic and restorative properties. Despite this important fact,

growing P. notoginseng is seriously limited by root-rot diseases. In studies aimed at developing a

solution to this problem, environment-friendly essential oils (EOs) of five medicinal plants of the family

Zingiberaceae were tested for their inhibitory effects on the growth of three main soil pathogens

associated with the root-rot diseases of P. notoginseng. The results showed that the EOs of Alpinia

katsumadai Hayata and Zingiber officinale Roscoe promote significant reductions in the mycelium

growth of the pathogen in vitro at a concentration of 50 mg mL(-1), which is much higher than that

needed (5 mg mL(-1)) to reduce growth by the positive control, flutriafol. Furthermore, the chemical

components of the two EOs were determined by using GC-MS analysis. Eucalyptol was found to account

for more than 30% of the oils of the two plants, with the second major components being geranyl acetate

and alpha-terpineol. These substances display different degrees of fungistasis in vitro. To further

determine the effects of the EO of Zingiber officinale (Z. officinale) in vivo, soilless cultivation of P.

notoginseng with pathogen inoculation was conducted in a greenhouse. Addition of the petroleum

ether extract (approximately equal to EO) of Z. officinale to the culture matrix causes a large decrease

in both the occurrence and severity of the P. notoginseng root-rot disease. The decreasing trend of net

photosynthetic rate (P-n), stomatal conductance (g(s)), intercellular CO2 concentration (C-i), and

transpiration rate (T-r) were all alleviated. In addition, the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase

(POD), and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content were also largely reduced after pathogen infection, with

the root activity being higher than that of the control. Taken together, the findings reveal that the EOs

from plants might serve as promising sources of eco-friendly natural pesticides with less chemical

resistance.

Source: BIOMOLECULES | 10 (2): - FEB 2020

Página 47

Title: Solid gamma-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Compound with Gingerols, a Multi-Component Guest:

Preparation, Properties and Application in Yogurt

Author(s): Pais, JM | Pereira, B | Paz, FAA | Cardoso, SM | Braga, SS

Date: FEB 2020

Author keywords: fresh ginger rhizome | molecular encapsulation | antioxidant | food fortification |

nutraceutics

Keywords plus: ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE | ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES | ALLYL

ISOTHIOCYANATE | BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN | IN-VITRO | 6-GINGEROL | EXPRESSION |

COMPLEXES | NMR | BIOAVAILABILITY


Volume: 10

Abstract:

Gingerols from the rhizome of fresh ginger (Zingiber officinale) were obtained by a simple extraction,

followed by purification. The gingerols extract was composed of 6-gingerol (54%), 8-gingerol (20%), and

10-gingerol (26%). It was included into gamma-cyclodextrin by classic co-dissolution procedures. Solid-

state characterisation of gamma-cyclodextrin center dot gingerols shows that this inclusion compound

features 1:1 host-to-guest stoichiometry and that it is a microcrystalline powder with a crystalline cell

that belongs to the tetragonal space group 42(1)2, having the host molecules stacked in infinite channels

where the gingerols are accommodated. In chimico studies with ABTS(center dot+) scavenging, NO

center dot scavenging, beta-carotene peroxidation, and 5-LOX inhibition show that gamma-cyclodextrin

is a suitable carrier for gingerols, because it does not alter their reactivity towards these substances.

Yogurt was tested as a matrix for the incorporation of gingerols and gamma-cyclodextrin center dot

gingerols into foodstuff. The colour of the fortified yogurt suffered little alterations. In the case of yogurt

with the inclusion compound, gamma-cyclodextrin center dot gingerols, as fortificant, these alterations

were not perceptible to the naked eye. Moreover, yogurt with gamma-cyclodextrin center dot gingerols

showed a good antioxidant activity, thus being suitable for use in nutraceutical applications.

Source: AQUACULTURE | 543: - OCT 15 2021

Title: Inclusion of essential oil from ginger in the diet improves physiological parameters of tambaqui

juveniles (Colossoma macropomum)

Author(s): Chung, S | Ribeiro, K | Teixeira, DV | Copatti, CE

Date: OCT 15 2021

Author keywords: Hepatocytes | Histological parameters | Leukocytes | Intestinal villi | Zingibereno

Página 48

Keywords plus: ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE ROSCOE | GROWTH-PERFORMANCE |

HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS | IMMUNE-RESPONSE | CLOVE BASIL | IMMUNOSTIMULANT |

HOMEOSTASIS | STRESS | PLANTS | SERUM


Volume: 543

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of essential oil of ginger (Zingiber officinale)

(EOZO) on the growth performance and hematological, biochemical and histological parameters of

tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles. The fish were randomly distributed in 20 tanks (15

fish per tank), in five treatments containing different concentrations of EOZO (0.0 (control); 0.50; 1.0;

1.5; and 2.0 mL kg diet-1) for 60 days. The main chemical compounds were zingiberene (31.8%),

sesquiphellandrene (13.0%) and ar-curcumene (12.4%). The addition of EOZO to the diet did not

improve growth performance. Treatments with the highest levels of EOZO reduced plasma albumin,

alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels and increased leukocytes, hemoglobin

and thrombocytes, blood glucose and plasma cholesterol levels. The control group had high villus height,

epithelial thickness and goblet cell number in the intestinal villi. Hepatocyte area and the number of

hepatocytes with necrosis were higher in fish supplemented with the highest levels of EOZO. To sum up,

it seems that the addition of 0.5 mL EOZO kg diet- 1 can improve some physiological parameters

(leukocytes, hemoglobin and thrombocytes, and plasma ALT and AST levels) without causing liver

damage or negatively affecting the intestinal villi of tambaqui juveniles.

Source: PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH | 30 (7): 1156-1163 JUL 2016

Title: Dietary Supplementation of Ginger and Turmeric Rhizomes Modulates Platelets Ectonucleotidase

and Adenosine Deaminase Activities in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats

Author(s): Akinyemi, AJ | Thome, GR | Morsch, VM | Bottari, NB | Baldissarelli, J | de Oliveira, LS |

Goularte, JF | Bello-Klein, A | Oboh, G | Schetinger, MRC

Date: JUL 2016

Author keywords: Zingiber officinale | Curcuma longa | hypertension | platelet |

ectonucleotidases | ADA

Keywords plus: ANGIOTENSIN-1 CONVERTING-ENZYME | 5'-NUCLEOTIDASE ACTIVITIES |

BLOOD-PRESSURE | ANTIPLATELET | INHIBITION | CONSTITUENTS | RESVERATROL |

ANTIOXIDANT | REACTIVITY | NTPDASE


Página 49

Volume: 30

Abstract:

Hypertension is associated with platelet alterations that could contribute to the development of

cardiovascular complications. Several studies have reported antiplatelet aggregation properties of ginger

(Zingiber officinale) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) with limited scientific basis. Hence, this study

assessed the effect of dietary supplementation of these rhizomes on platelet ectonucleotidase and

adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities in N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME)

induced hypertensive rats. Animals were divided into seven groups (n=10): normotensive control rats;

induced (l-NAME hypertensive) rats; hypertensive rats treated with atenolol (10mg/kg/day);

normotensive and hypertensive rats treated with 4% supplementation of turmeric or ginger, respectively.

After 14days of pre-treatment, the animals were induced with hypertension by oral administration of l-

NAME (40mg/kg/day). The results revealed a significant (p<0.05) increase in platelet ADA activity and

ATP hydrolysis with a concomitant decrease in ADP and AMP hydrolysis of l-NAME hypertensive rats

when compared with the control. However, dietary supplementation with turmeric or ginger efficiently

prevented these alterations by modulating the hydrolysis of ATP, ADP and AMP with a concomitant

decrease in ADA activity. Thus, these activities could suggest some possible mechanism of the rhizomes

against hypertension-derived complications associated to platelet hyperactivity. Copyright (c) 2016 John

Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Source: GENE | 692: 217-222 APR 15 2019

Title: Biological effects of whole Z. Officinale extract on chronic myeloid leukemia cell line K562

Author(s): Tiber, PM | Sevinc, SK | Kilinc, O | Orun, O

Date: APR 15 2019

Author keywords: Z.officinale | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells | Apoptosis | K562 |

Proliferation | ROS

Keywords plus: 6-SHOGAOL INDUCES APOPTOSIS | BAD PHOSPHORYLATION | CANCER CELLS

| INHIBITS PROLIFERATION | CYCLE ARREST | ACTIVATION | GINGER | 10-GINGEROL |

CONSTITUENT | INDUCTION


Volume: 692

Abstract:

The anticancer activity of Zingiber officinalis (ginger) is an area of active research. However, data is

quite limited regarding its action and mechanism, especially in hematologic cancer types. Here,

Página 50

antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of whole extract of the rhizome of Zingiber officinalis (ZOWE),

was investigated in K562 cell line derived from a chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patient. Various

concentrations of whole extract (0, 10, 25, 50 and 100 mu M) were tested in K562 cultures. Cytotoxicity

and apoptosis was assessed with appropriate methods, as well as cellular ROS levels. In this study, we

showed that ZOWE inhibited proliferation of K562 cells substantially, when compared to peripheral

blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from healthy donor. Increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, reduced

mitochondrial membrane potential and increased PARP cleavage demonstrated that ZOWE inhibited

proliferation by induction of apoptosis. These changes were coupled with an increase of reactive oxygen

species (ROS) production. Furthermore, ZOWE addition to the culture also reduced expression levels of

survival proteins pAkt and survivin, in a concentration dependent manner. Our results clearly mark that

ZOWE causes to a reduction in cell viability, an induction of apoptosis and elevation in ROS levels in

chronic myeloid leukemia cells and effects are significantly different from healthy peripheral blood

mononuclear cells, further supporting its potential therapeutic value.

Source: INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS | 127: 11-15 JAN 2019

Title: Bioactivity of ten essential oils on the biological parameters of Trichogramma pretiosum

(Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) adults

Author(s): Parreira, DS | Alcantara-de La Cruz, R | Dimate, FAR | Batista, LD | Ribeiro, RC | Ferreira,

GAR | Zanuncio, JC

Date: JAN 2019

Author keywords: Biological control | Egg parasitoids | Essential oils | IPM | T. pretiosum

Keywords plus: BOTANICAL INSECTICIDES | ANTICARSIA-GEMMATALIS | LEPIDOPTERA-

NOCTUIDAE | CARAPA GUIANENSIS | COPAIFERA SP | TOXICITY | AZADIRACHTIN |

PESTICIDES | EXTRACTS | PESTS


Volume: 127

Abstract:

Trichogrammatidae are biological control agents of agricultural and forest pests. However, chemicals

can affect their biological aspects. Essential oils (EOs) are an alternative for pest control, but their effect

on biological control agents are not fully known. The objective was to evaluate the effects of EOs of

Allium sativum, Carapa guianensis, Citrus sinensis, Mentha piperita, Origanum vulgare,

Piper nigrum, Syzygium aromarticum, Thymus vulgaris, Zingiber officinale and Azadirachta

indica on the female longevity, parasitism and emergence rates and sex ratio of Trichogramma

pretiosum (Riley) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) adults of parental, F-1 and F-2 generations.

Página 51

The longevity of T. pretiosum females in the parental and F-1 generations was reduced similar to 50%

by the EOs of A. sativum and M. piperita in comparison to controls (similar to 10 days). Eggs of

Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) treated with Z. officinale were not

parasitized, evidencing a strong repellent activity of this EO. Allium sativum and C. guianensis

EOs reduced the parasitism rate in 33 and 70%, respectively, of females from the parental T.

pretiosum generation. These EOs were classified as slightly harmful (class 2) in relation to

parasitism. Carapa guianensis caused the greatest reduction in the emergence rate of the F-1

generation (27%); however, this EO continued to be classified as innocuous to T. pretiosum. Sex ratio

of the F-1 and F-2 T. pretiosum generations was no affect by these ten EOs. Zingiber officinale was

not compatible for T. pretiosum; and A. sativum, C. guianensis and M. piperita are poorly

compatible with this parasitoid. The EOs of the other six plant species are promising for integrated pest

management with T. pretiosum.

Source: JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY | 177: 62-68 DEC

2017

Title: Bioreduction potentials of dried root of Zingiber officinale for a simple green synthesis of

silver nanoparticles: Antibacterial studies

Author(s): Vijaya, JJ | Jayaprakash, N | Kombaiah, K | Kaviyarasu, K | Kennedy, LJ | Ramalingam,

RJ | Al-Lohedan, HA | Mansoor-Ali, VM | Maaza, M

Date: DEC 2017

Author keywords: Microwave processing | Silver nanoparticles | Electron microscopy | Cyclic

voltammetry | Antibacterial studies

Keywords plus: FRUIT EXTRACT | ESCHERICHIA-COLI | GOLD | BIOSYNTHESIS | AG |

POLYMER | ETHANOL | AU


Volume: 177

Abstract:

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using an extract of dried Zingiber officinale

(ginger) root as a reducing and capping agent in the presence of microwave irradiation was herein

reported for the first time. The formation of symmetrical spheres is confirmed from the UV-Visible

spectrum of Ag NPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the formation of the Ag NPs. X-

ray diffraction analysis was utilized to calculate the crystallite size of Ag NPs and the value was found to

be 10 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution scanning electron

microscopy were used to investigate the morphology and size of the synthesized samples. The sphere

Página 52

like morphology is confirmed from the images. The purity and crystallinity of Ag NPs is confirmed by

energy-dispersive X-Ray analysis and selected area electron diffraction respectively. The electrochemical

behavior of the synthesized Ag NPs was assessed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and shows the redox peaks

in the potential range of -1.1 to + 1.1 V. Agar diffusion method is used to examine the antibacterial

activity of Ag NPs. For this purpose, two gram positive and two gram negative bacteria were studied.

This single step approach was found to be simple, short time, cost-effective, reproducible, and eco-

friendly.

Source: 3 BIOTECH | 9 (2): - FEB 2019

Title: The healing property of a bioactive wound dressing prepared by the combination of bacterial

cellulose (BC) and Zingiber officinale root aqueous extract in rats

Author(s): Pourali, P | Yahyaei, B

Date: FEB 2019

Author keywords: Bacterial cellulose (BC) | Zingiber officinale root | Aqueous extract | Wound-

healing assay

Keywords plus: SOIL ISOLATED-BACTERIA | SILVER NANOPARTICLES | IN-VITRO | GINGER |

BIOSYNTHESIS | IMPREGNATION | CYTOTOXICITY | RHIZOMES


Volume: 9

Abstract:

Gluconacetobacter xylinus was used for production of bacterial cellulose (BC). The obtained BC was

washed and floated in the nontoxic dose of the herb aqueous extract that was obtained from the methyl

thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided into four separated groups and

after inducing the wounds (15mm in diameter), each group was treated with honey, BC, herb aqueous

extract, and the combination of BC-herb aqueous extract. Each day the contraction percentages of the

wound sites were measured. On days 3, 7, and 14, two rats from each group were euthanized, the skin

samples from the wound regions were achieved and their paraffin blocks were prepared. Finally after

trichrome staining, the microscopic examinations were done. MTT assay results indicated that the herb

aqueous extract had dose-dependent toxic effects and the nontoxic dose of the extract was prepared and

utilized for in vivo assay. Although the macroscopic analysis revealed that the BC and the herb aqueous

extract had better activity in the wound contraction percentages than their combination, microscopic

analysis indicated that the combination of BC-herb aqueous extract revealed all the characteristics that

each material induced in the wound site alone. In conclusion, the speed of the wound healing should not

be solely considered and its quality should be considered as well.

Página 53

Source: CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS | 228: - JAN 15 2020

Title: Investigating the properties of electrospun nanofibers made of hybride polymer containing

anticoagulant drugs

Author(s): Amand, FK | Esmaeili, A

Date: JAN 15 2020

Author keywords: Heart valve | Electrospinning | Anticoagulant | Scaffolds | Zingiber officinale

Keywords plus: IN-VITRO RELEASE | NANOPARTICLES | DELIVERY | CHITOSAN |

OPTIMIZATION | DOXORUBICIN


Volume: 228

Abstract:

The aim of this study is to provide a scaffold made of chitosan/polyvinylalcohol/Polyurethane/

polyaniline/Zingiber officinal (CS//PVA/PU/PANI/Zin) and heparin (CS//PVA/PU/PANI/HEP)

with double-needle electrospinning that contains anticoagulant drugs. The medicine that was loaded on

the nanofibers was measured with FT-IR, SEM, XRD, ZPS, and RSM, TST and AFM. In vitro release of

loading drugs was measured at room temperature and at pH = 5.3 and pH = 7.4. The kinetic release of

the drugs was studied and their cytotoxicity was assessed with MTT assay, HT, coagulation[(PT), PTT,

and INR test], and TST. Based on the in vitro release studies, about 73.62% and 73.40%, respectively, of

Zin and heparin were put in a medium with pH = 7.4. The results indicated that a heart valve with high

tensile strength and anticoagulant properties had been developed. Clinically, due to the structural

similarity of the polyurethane, biocompatibility and blood compatibility were improved in the presence

of Zin extract.

Source: PLANT GENOME | 11 (3): - NOV 2018

Title: Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into Gingerol Biosynthesis in Ginger (Zingiber

officinale)

Author(s): Jiang, YS | Huang, MJ | Wisniewski, M | Li, HL | Zhang, MX | Tao, X | Liu, YQ | Zou, Y

Date: NOV 2018

Author keywords:

Keywords plus: EXPRESSION ANALYSIS | GENE ONTOLOGY | 6-GINGEROL | ANNOTATION |

APOPTOSIS | ANTIOXIDANT | PLATFORM | COLITIS | GENOME | MICE

Página 54


Volume: 11

Abstract:

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), a perennial herb, is one of the most economically valuable plants

in the Zingiberaceae family. Gingerol, as the major constituents of ginger essential oil, contributes to the

unique flavor and pharmaceutical value of ginger. However, the pathway of gingerol biosynthesis has

not been verified and described in ginger to help understand the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites

in nonmodel species. In this study, the concentrations of gingerols were quantified at different stages of

rhizome development and in different tissues. The results confirmed that rhizomes are the major source

of gingerols and that accumulation of gingerols in the rhizome starts at an early developmental stage.

We also assembled a reference ginger transcriptome, which is composed of 219,479 unigenes consisting

of 330,568 transcripts and provides a high-quality genetic resource for further research. An analysis of

differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified 12,935 DEGs among several different comparisons. Five

genes [ curcumin synthase (CURS), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (CYP73A), p-coumaroyl quinate/

shikimate 3'-hydroxylase (CYP98A), caffeoyl-coenzyme A O-methyl transferase (CCoAOMT), and

hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme A shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT)] associated

with gingerol biosynthesis were identified as being significantly differentially expressed in the rhizome

at an early developmental stage and all five genes were upregulated. Expression analysis revealed that

different loci of these genes have become functionally specialized in different tissues and different

developmental stages of the rhizome (subfunctionalization). Among the DEGs, CCoAOMT and HCT may

act as gatekeepers and rate-limiting enzymes in the gingerol biosynthesis pathway and thus play an

important role in regulating the biosynthesis of gingerol.

Source: JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | 244: - NOV 15 2019

Title: Ginger essential oil and fractions against Mycobacterium spp.

Author(s): Baldin, VP | Scodro, RBD | Fernandez, CMM | Ieque, AL | Caleffi-Ferracioli, KR | Siqueira,

VLD | de Almeida, AL | Goncalves, JE | Cortez, DAG | Cardoso, RF

Date: NOV 15 2019

Author keywords: Mycobacteria | Essential oil | Ginger | Cytotoxicity | Terpenoids

Keywords plus: ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE ROSCOE | NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA |

ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL ACTIVITY | TUBERCULOSIS | SUSCEPTIBILITY | ANTIOXIDANT |

TOXICITY | DRUGS | ASSAY


Página 55

Volume: 244

Abstract:

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Zingiber officinale (ginger) is a perennial herbaceous plant native

in tropical Asia and generally cultivated in most American tropical countries with widespread use in

popular medicine. Ginger essential oil (GEO) has been reported to exhibit several biological activities,

such as antimicrobial. Aims of the study: The aim of this study was to determine the composition and

the property of GEO and related fractions against Mtb and NTM, as well as their cytotoxicity. Methods

and materials: GEO was obtained by hydrodistillation and fractionation was performed. Chemical

characterization of GEO and fractions were carried out by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The

anti-mycobacterial activity was evaluated by resazurin microtiter assay plate and broth microdilution

method for Mtb and NTM, respectively. The cytotoxicity in Vero cells was assessed by MTT colorimetric

assay. Results: The analyses showed 63 compounds in the GEO sample, characterized by a high number

of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. GEO fractionation rendered 11 fractions (FR1 to FR11). GEO and

fractions minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 31.25 to > 250 mu g/mL against Mtb and from

15.6 to > 250 mu g/mL against NTM. GEO showed better activity against NTM, M. chelonae, and M.

abscessus sub. massiliense, than the semi-pure fractions. One fraction (FR5), containing gamma-

eudesmol as the main compound, was the most active against Mtb and NTM. The GEO and semi-pure

fractions cytotoxicity assay showed CC50 63.3 mu g/mL, and 36.3-312.5 mu g/mL, respectively.

Conclusions: In general, GEO showed a mix of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes and a better

antimycobacterial activity than the semi-pure fractions. Cytotoxic effects of GEO and its fractions

should be better investigated.

Source: JOURNAL OF COSMETIC DERMATOLOGY | 19 (7): 1794-1803 JUL 2020

Title: Phytochemical screening and cytotoxicity evaluation of crude extracts: Toxicity comparison of

crude extracts and its ethosomal formulations

Author(s): Sasindran, S | Easwaran, M | Shyamala, G | Karuppaiah, A | Siram, K | Veintramuthu, S

Date: JUL 2020

Author keywords: Croton tiglium | ethosomes | minoxidil | Phyllanthus niruri | Zingiber

officinale

Keywords plus:


Volume: 19

Abstract:

Página 56

Background Combined plant extracts of Phyllanthus niruri, Croton tiglium, and Zingiber

officinale are reported to have potential pharmacological applications. Ethosomes have a unique ability

of encapsulating drugs or plant extracts with varying hydrophobicities in the phospholipid bilayer. Aim

To explore cytotoxicity of the combined plant extracts and ethosome loaded combined plant extracts for

topical delivery. To study effect of ethosomes loaded combined plant extracts using HaCaT cells model

treated with testosterone. Methods Dried powder of plant was extracted with ethanol using Soxhlet and

cold macerations. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined using established

methods. The combined extract loaded ethosome formulation was prepared by solvent dispersion

method. Results The plant extracts loaded ethosomes formulation with a vesicle size range 1524.6-167.7

nm was prepared. HaCaT cells treated with testosterone negative control showed an IC50 value of 27 +/-

1.0. Thw standard marketed topical minoxidil (1% solution) treated cells with testosterone showed an

IC50 value 33 +/- 1.0 and the combined plant extracts loaded ethosomes with testosterone showed an

IC50 value 30 +/- 1.0. Morphological alterations of rat skin exposed to the combined plant extract

loaded ethosomes solution were assessed and compared with untreated skin and negative control.

Conclusion The preclinical safety was investigated employing an in vitro cytotoxicity and

histopathological study. The cell line study results confirmed that the combined plant extracts loaded

ethosomes inhibits testosterone and increase cell viability closer to that of standard drug minoxidil.

According to our histopathological study, the combined plant extract loaded ethosomal formulations did

not cause any damage to the rat skin layer.

Source: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE | 10: 19-24 FEB 2017

Title: Determination of the concentration of major active anti-emetic constituents within commercial

ginger food products and dietary supplements

Author(s): Marx, W | Isenring, EA | Lohning, AE

Date: FEB 2017

Author keywords: HPLC | Chemotherapy-induced nausea and | vomiting | CINV | Gingerol | Ginger

Keywords plus: ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE | NAUSEA | METAANALYSIS | PREGNANCY


Volume: 10

Abstract:

Introduction: Studies suggest that the bioactive compounds contained within the rhizome of ginger

(Zingiber officinale) could exert a beneficial effect on the symptoms of several chronic conditions

(e.g. diabetes, arthritis) and in the reduction of nausea. However, it is unknown if ginger supplements

Página 57

and food products contain sufficient quantities of the necessary active ingredients to achieve a

therapeutic effect. This study analyzed twenty commercially available ginger products including ginger

dietary supplements, ginger spices (ground dried ginger), and ginger-containing drinks and food

products and determined the concentration of [6]-, [8]-and [10]-gingerol and [6]-and [10]-shogaol.

Methods: The samples were extracted prior to separation by Reversed Phase-High Performance Liquid

Chromatography (RP-HPLC) and detected by ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry. Results: Considerable

variation between individual items within each food type was observed. Per gram, ginger supplements,

particularly the standardized extracts, contained the greatest concentration of measured compounds

(10.08 +/- 7.92 mg, mean +/- standard deviation), while the concentration of compounds within spices

(9.29 +/- 6.73 mg), beverages (1.77 +/- 1.06 mg), confectionery (0.43 +/- 0.32 mg), and teas (0.13 +/-

0.00 mg) was considerably lower. When the concentration of compounds was measured per standardized

serve, four ginger confectionery and beverage products contained total gingerol and shogaol

concentrations that were similar to the analyzed dietary supplement. Conclusion: Of the twenty

commercially available ginger products examined, those with the highest content of active, antiemetic

constituents were the standardized ginger extracts and supplements although ginger spices also showed

high levels of active constituents per serve. In addition, standard deviation reveals a large variation

within each product type. (C) 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Source: INDIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES | 87 (7): 878-882 JUL 2017

Title: Standardization of novel technique for preparation of ginger (Zingiber officinale)-blended wine

from different cultivars of pear (Pyrus communis)

Author(s): Attri, BL | Kumar, A | Mer, MS | Kishor, A

Date: JUL 2017

Author keywords: Pear cultivars | Pear-ginger wine | Physico-chemical characters | Sensory

evaluation

Keywords plus:


Volume: 87

Abstract:

In North-West Himalayas including Kumaon region of Uttarakhand pear (Pyrus communis L.)

cultivars like Jagner, Sand Pear and Kakria are being grown with very high yield and productivity but due

to poor market the growers are reluctant to harvest the crop because of which the nutritious fruits are

spoiled in the orchards. Except for Jagner which is soft and used for table purpose, there are very few

takers for other cultivars like Sand Pear and Kakria. All the cultivars are rich in various phyto-chemical

Página 58

characters including anti-oxidants. Hence, for reducing the huge spoilage of nutritious fruits, an attempt

was made to standardize a novel technique for pear wine from three cultivars after blending their juice

with 2.5% ginger (Zingiber officinale Roc) juice, 0.1% DAHP and 0.2% pectinol. After complete

fermentation with yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus, the prepared base wines were

siphoned/filtered at regular intervals and stored at ambient conditions. A significant difference was

recorded in bio-chemical and sensory quality attributes of the wines after preparation and 6 months

storage. Among all the treatments ginger-blended Sand Pear wine prepared by raising the TSS to 22 B

and having 2.5% ginger juice had an edge over other treatments in overall quality. A significant

reduction in all the parameters was recorded irrespective of the cultivars used for wine preparation. On

the basis of the study the cost of production of ginger-blended pear wine was found quite reasonable

((sic) 93.10, 73.10 and 73.10/650 ml bottle for Jagner-ginger, Sand Pear-ginger and Kakria-ginger wines

respectively) with good profit margin comparable with low alcoholic beverages available in the market.

Source: BIOMOLECULES | 10 (2): - FEB 2020

Title: Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Different Parts of Zingiber kerrii Craib and Their

Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities

Author(s): Pintatum, A | Laphookhieo, S | Logie, E | Vanden Berghe, W | Maneerat, W

Date: FEB 2020

Author keywords: Zingiber kerrii | chemical composition | biological activity | anti-tyrosinase |

cytotoxicity

Keywords plus: VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS | GINGER | OFFICINALE | EXTRACTS |

HYDRODISTILLATION | IDENTIFICATION | RHIZOMES | LEAVES | PLANTS | ASSAY


Volume: 10

Abstract:

The essential oils of the fresh rhizomes; flowers; and leaves of Zingiber kerrii Craib were investigated

using different extraction techniques; including solid-phase microextraction (SPME), hydrodistillation

(HD), and organic solvent (OS), and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

A total of 37 SPME; 19 HD; and 36 OS compounds were identified from the rhizome extract of Z. kerrii;

with the major components being alpha-pinene; beta-pinene; and terpinen-4-ol; respectively. From the

flower extract; 16 SPME; 2 HD; and 10 OS compounds were identified; (E)-caryophyllene was found as a

major compound by these techniques. The leaf extract exhibited 20 SPME; 13 HD; and 14 OS

compounds; with alpha-pinene; (E)-caryophyllene; and n-hexadecanoic acid being the major

compounds; respectively. The rhizome extract showed tyrosinase inhibitory activity of 71.60% and a total

Página 59

phenolic content of 22.4 mg gallic acid/g. The IC50 values of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)

and 2,2 '-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) assays were 25.2

mu g/mL and 153.6 mu g/mL; respectively; and the ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay

value was 318.5 mu M ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/g extract. The rhizome extract showed weak

antibacterial activity. This extract showed no adverse toxicity in human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell lines

at concentrations below 200 mu g/mL.

Source: FARMACIA | 68 (4): 740-744 JUL-AUG 2020

Title: MERCURY EXPOSURE: NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES

Author(s): Tincu, RC | Cobilinschi, C | Coman, OA | Coman, L | Tincu, IF | Macovei, RA

Date: JUL-AUG 2020

Author keywords: mercury | toxicity | low level exposure

Keywords plus:


Volume: 68

Abstract:

In the past decade, it has been a focus on chronic, low or moderate exposure to methylmercury and

some randomized control trials draw the attention on health implications of low-grade mercury toxicity.

This study was aimed to evaluate efficacy of a combined treatment in mercury exposed patients.

Subjects were randomized to receive chelation therapy alone or chelation therapy associated with a

combination of Silybum marianum (172 mg), N-Acetyl-Cysteine (200 mg), L-Glutathione (25 mg),

Vitamin C (120 mg), Selenium (100 mu g), Helianthus tuberosus, Taraxacum officinale,

Schisandra chinensis, Zingiber officinale, Citrus paradise (an already on use formula),

respectively. A total of 300 patients were equally randomized in 2 groups. Patients in the intervention

group had significantly lower levels of mercury after 30 days of treatment, as well as after 30 days since

the treatment has stopped (6.1 +/- 4.4 vs. 7.6 +/- 4.0, p = 0.002 and 3.8 +/- 3.0 vs. 5.5 +/- 3.3, p =

0.000, respectively). This study provides evidence regarding some herbal extracts that may play a

protective role against mercury toxicity, improving clinical scores when compared to standard

treatment. More trials are needed to establish an integrative approach against mercury poisoning.

Source: CROP PROTECTION | 137: - NOV 2020

Title: Bioecological attributes and physiological indices of invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera

frugiperda (J. E. Smith) infesting ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) plants in India

Author(s): Firake, DM | Behere, GT

Página 60

Date: NOV 2020

Author keywords: Nutritional indices | ECI | ECD | Eocanthecona furcellata | Chelonus |

Mermithid | SfMNPV | SpfrNPV and Nomuraea rileyi

Keywords plus: ARMIGERA HUBNER LEPIDOPTERA | HOST STRAINS | NOCTUIDAE |

PATHOGENS | BIOLOGY | LARVAE | PEST | PARASITOIDS | POPULATIONS | RESISTANCE


Volume: 137

Abstract:

Invasive fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of

American origin, has recently arrived in Asian countries, found damaging maize and other host plants

including ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) in India and China. The ginger is an economically

important spice and a medicinal cash crop of Asia. However, apart from just an occurrence, no other

information is available hitherto on interaction of FAW and ginger plants. This is the first

comprehensive report unfolding the FAW infestation to the ginger crop, including its bioecological and

physiological aspects. FAW identity was confirmed at the molecular level by comparing the sequences of

the CO I gene of mitochondrial DNA. FAW infestation was higher during mid-July (0.2 larvae/m(2)),

when ginger plants were in rhizome initiation stage (critical stage of growth). Besides generalist

predators, four natural enemies were found causing a total of 74.03% fortuitous biocontrol of FAW

larvae. Biological attributes and nutritional indices of FAW were studied on ginger for 3 consecutive

generations. The larval duration has significantly extended; however the body weight and lifetime

fecundity were considerably reduced in ginger fed larvae than maize. The Consumption Index (CI),

Relative Growth Rate (RGR) and Approximate Digestibility (AD) were significantly lower (Mann-

Whitney U Test, P < 0.001) in ginger fed FAW larvae compared to its regular host `maize'.

Nevertheless, the higher tissue growth (ECI) and more assimilation (ECD) of FAW on ginger indicate it

as a suitable alternate host plant and FAW may cause economic damage under certain circumstances.

Insights on ginger plants as a new host of FAW and fortuitous biocontrol aspects of FAW are discussed.

Source: PROGRESS IN NUTRITION | 18 (4): 421-428 DEC 2016

Title: Antioxidant effects of ginger, cinnamon and combination on Streptozotocin-induced

hyperglycemia associated oxidative stress in rats

Author(s): ElSadek, MF | Almajwal, AM | Abulmeaty, MMA

Date: DEC 2016

Author keywords: ginger | cinnamon | combined formula | Streptozotocin | antioxidant biomarkers

Página 61

Keywords plus: ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE | CHOLESTEROL | EXTRACT | INSULIN | EXPRESSION |

PLASMA | ENZYME | FOODS


Volume: 18

Abstract:

Background and Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant effects of ginger

(Zingiber officinale), cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) and combined formula of both powders on

the oxidative status on Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methodology: Fifty male wistar

Albino rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=10). Group (1) Normal control rats received basal

diet. Group (2) Diabetic control, which injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of 50 mg/kg STZ and

received basal diet. Group (3) received basal diet with 15% of ginger. Group (4) received basal diet with

15% of cinnamon. Group (5) received basal diet with 15% of combined formula (50/50). Herbal powders

and combination were placed in rats' diet by 15% of dried materials for 30 days for STZ rats. Oxidative

status was investigated by measuring the total antioxidant capacity and the level of antioxidant

biomarkers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase

(GPx) in the serum, in addition to, catalase (CAT), MDA, GPx and SOD in the liver tissue. Results:

Changes in body weight, food intake and food efficiency ratio were significantly observed between STZ

and control groups. Administration of 15% combined formula was the most significantly (P<0.05)

effective in reduction of plasma glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C, and liver

enzymes, in addition to an elevation in FER, insulin, and HDL-C compared to diabetic control group.

Furthermore, CAT, GPx, and SOD were significantly (P<0.05) elevated in liver tissue in combined

formula-treated group. Conclusion: Administration of ginger and cinnamon powder with 15% showed

amelioration of all investigated parameters with synergistic effects than each single herb on

hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic effects with a remarkable decrease in both serum and tissue lipid

peroxidation with enhancing antioxidant status for diabetic rats.

Source: ANIMALS | 9 (11): - NOV 2019

Title: Effects of Ginger Extract on Laying Performance, Egg Quality, and Antioxidant Status of Laying

Hens

Author(s): Wen, C | Gu, YF | Tao, ZG | Cheng, ZJ | Wang, T | Zhou, YM

Date: NOV 2019

Author keywords: antioxidant status | egg quality | ginger extract | laying hen

Keywords plus: ROOT ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE | SERUM METABOLITES | OXIDATIVE STRESS |

Página 62

BLOOD PARAMETERS | FEED ADDITIVES | FATTY-ACID | CHOLESTEROL | POWDER | ROSCOE |

SUMAC


Volume: 9

Abstract:

Simple Summary: The application of in-feed antibiotic growth promoters was banned in many countries

due to their negative effects, and several kinds of feed additives were widely investigated as antibiotic

alternatives, in which natural plant-derived products received much attention due to their

environmentally friendly properties and numerous biological activities. Ginger (Zingiber officinale

Roscoe), a widely used herbal medicine and spice, was proven to have potential as an antibiotic

alternative in poultry feed, but there is little literature on the efficacy of ginger extract (GE), which has

concentrated bioactive compounds with high bioavailability. Our results showed that dietary GE

supplementation increased egg weight, improved egg quality, and reduced the yolk cholesterol content of

laying hens. Decreased serum activities of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase and

improved antioxidant status were observed in the GE group. Our study demonstrated the potential

benefits of GE in laying hens. Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ginger

extract (GE) as a dietary supplement for laying hens. A total of 40-week-old 288 Hyline Brown laying

hens were randomly divided into two groups with six replicates, and fed a basal diet with or without 100

g/t GE for eight weeks. Dietary GE supplementation increased egg weight, albumin height, and Haugh

unit of eggs, and decreased yolk cholesterol content and activities of alanine transaminase and aspartate

transaminase in serum at eight weeks. Moreover, GE resulted in higher total superoxide dismutase (T-

SOD) activity and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content in yolk at four and eight weeks and in serum.

It was concluded that GE was effective in increasing egg weight and improving the egg quality and

antioxidant status of laying hens.

Source: ACTA CHROMATOGRAPHICA | 30 (3): 164-168 SEP 2018

Title: Simultaneous Determination of Eight Kinds of Gingerols in Zingiberis Rhizome Collected From

Different Areas of China

Author(s): Wang, Y | Chen, JH | Li, YT | Li, PL | Iqbal, J | Chen, Y | Ma, YL | Zhang, C

Date: SEP 2018

Author keywords: Zingiber offcinale Rosc | gingerol | high-performance liquid chromatography |

quantitative analysis

Keywords plus: ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE ROSC. | MASS-SPECTROMETRY | PGE(2) PRODUCTION

| RATS

Página 63


Volume: 30

Abstract:

A reliable and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector

method (HPLC-DAD) was established and validated to determine eight gingerol simultaneously in the

rhizomes of Zingiber offcinale Rosc. The separation of eight compounds (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-

benzenebutanol,3,5-dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) decane, 3,5-dihydroxy-1-(3,4-

dimethoxyphenyl) decane, 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)

-1,4-decadien-3-one, and 10-gingerol) were performed on an Agilent TC(2) C-18 (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5

mu m) at 30 degrees C using acetonitrile (A) and 1% formic acid aqueous solution (B) as the mobile

phase with gradient elution (0-10 min, 20%-35% A; 10-28 min, 35%-55% A; 28-35 min, 55%-60% A; 35-

55 min, 60%-70% A; 55.01-60 min, 100%-100% A). The detection wavelength was set at 280 nm, and

the flow rate was 0.8 mL/min. Validation of the analytical method was performed by linearity,

precision, and accuracy test. All compounds were quantified with good linear calibration curves

(coefficient of determination R-2, >0.9999). The method showed good precision with overall

coefficients of variation between 0.56% and 0.84%. The range of recovery was from 95.50% to 104.14%

for the analytes. This method was successfully applied to quantify eight gingerols in Z. offcinale Rosc

from different regions in China, so it can provide quality assessment for this medicine.

Source: FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY | 74: 444-449 MAR 2018

Title: Blood biochemical parameters and melanomacrophage centers in Nile tilapia fed essential oils of

clove basil and ginger

Author(s): Brum, A | Pereira, SA | Cardoso, L | Chagas, EC | Chaves, FCM | Mourino, JLP | Martins,

ML

Date: MAR 2018

Author keywords: Fish | Triglycerides | Cholesterol | Lysozyme | Immunoglobulins | Spleen

Keywords plus: ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE ROSCOE | FED SUPPLEMENTED DIET | GROWTH-

PERFORMANCE | IMMUNE-RESPONSE | OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS | DISEASE

RESISTANCE | MEDICINAL-PLANTS | CHEMISTRY | EXTRACTS | HEMATOLOGY


Volume: 74

Abstract:

Página 64

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is the most farmed freshwater fish in the world, however,

disease outbreaks are the main cause of losses in production. Due to this, there is an increasing interest

in natural products for enhancing disease resistance, without causing physiological impairment. The

aim of this study was to verify the effect of the essential oils of clove basil (Ocimum gratissimum)

and ginger (Zingiber officinale) on physiological and immunological parameters of nile tilapia. After

35 and 55 days of supplementation (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%), blood collection was performed for

determination of metabolites (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, serum total protein and

immunoglobulins) and lysozyme activity. Spleen tissue was also collected at 55 days for analyzing

melanomacrophages centers. At 35 days, cholesterol showed significant reduction in the treatments

0.5% and 1.5 ginger and 1.5% clove basil. The serum triglycerides showed significant reduction in these

same treatments, in addition to 1.0% clove basil. At 55 days all the supplemented groups showed

significant reduction for both parameters. The lysozyme activity at 35 days was significantly higher in

fish supplemented with 1.0% ginger and showed no difference among the treatments at 55 days.

Regarding the melanomacrophage centers, at 35 days increased number in fish supplemented with

0.5% clove basil was observed but with no significant difference in the total percent area of spleen

occupied by centers. The levels of glucose, total serum protein and immunoglobulins did not show

significant differences in both sampling times. The addition of essential oils showed to be useful for

improving physiological status of the fish, without excessive activation of defense mechanisms.

Source: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION | 60 (5): 2781-2793 AUG 2021

Title: 6-Shogaol from ginger shows anti-tumor effect in cervical carcinoma via PI3K/Akt/mTOR

pathway

Author(s): Pei, XD | He, ZL | Yao, HL | Xiao, JS | Li, L | Gu, JZ | Shi, PZ | Wang, JH | Jiang, LH

Date: AUG 2021

Author keywords: 6-Shogaol | Apoptosis | Cell migration | Autophagy | PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway

Keywords plus: EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITIONS | ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE | CELL-

PROLIFERATION | INHIBITS BREAST | AUTOPHAGY | APOPTOSIS | ACTIVATION | INVASION |

ARREST | DEATH


Volume: 60

Abstract:

Purpose 6-Shogaol, an active phenolic compound from ginger (Zingiber officinale), can inhibit the

growth of a variety of human cancer cells. Nevertheless, its underlying molecular mechanisms in

cervical cancer remain unclear. In this study, we systematically examine the inhibitory effect of 6-

Página 65

shogaol on cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo. Methods Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK8 assay

and colony formation assay in HeLa and SiHa cells. We analyzed cell cycle and apoptosis through flow

cytometry. GFP-LC3 puncta and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe autophagic

bodies. Wound-healing assay and transwell assay were used for evaluating the migration of cells.

Western blot was applied to detect protein expression levels. Results 6-Shogaol could suppress cell

proliferation and migration, cause cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase in HeLa and SiHa cells. Moreover,

6-shogaol triggered the apoptosis process through the mitochondrial pathway by downregulating the

expression levels of p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR. Further research indicated that the induction of

apoptosis by 6-shogaol was remarkably decreased after the treatment of ROS scavenger and PI3K

agonist. Additionally, 6-shogaol increased the number of LC3-positive puncta and autophagic bodies per

cell in both HeLa and SiHa cells. Pretreatment of cells with Bafilomycin A1, an autophagy inhibitor,

accelerated 6-shogaol mediated cell apoptosis, suggesting that induction of autophagy by 6-shogaol is

suppressive to apoptosis. Furthermore, in vivo data revealed that 6-shogaol significantly inhibited

tumor growth and cell proliferation in tumor tissues. Conclusion These findings suggested that 6-

shogaol could be developed as a functional food ingredient, which is potentially used as therapeutic

agents for patients with cervical cancer.

Source: DRYING TECHNOLOGY | 36 (9): 1107-1116 2018

Title: Effect of high pressure pretreatment on drying kinetics and oleoresin extraction from ginger

Author(s): George, JM | Sowbhagya, HB | Rastogi, NK

Date: 2018

Author keywords: 6-gingerol | diffusion coefficient | drying | extraction | high pressure processing |

oleoresin

Keywords plus: HIGH HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE | ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE | OSMOTIC

DEHYDRATION | NATURAL-PRODUCTS | BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS | GREEN EXTRACTION |

MASS-TRANSFER | BEHAVIOR | QUALITY | CARROT


Volume: 36

Abstract:

The present study reports for the first time the effect of high pressure pretreatment (100-400MPa,

10min) on drying kinetics of ginger and its oleoresin extraction. High pressure pretreated samples were

dried, powdered and solvent extracted. The increase in drying temperature (55-85 degrees C) increased

the moisture diffusivity (2.03-4.87x10(-9)m(2)/s) but resulted in decrease in 6-gingerol (53.98%) and

oleoresin yield (57.31%). However, high pressure pretreatment followed by dehydration (55 degrees C)

Página 66

resulted in higher moisture diffusivity (2.84-6.09x10(-9)m(2)/s) as well as enhanced extraction yield of 6

-gingerol (34.05%) and oleoresin (28.29%).

Source: ANTIOXIDANTS | 6 (3): - SEP 2017

Title: Antioxidant Activity of Spices and Their Impact on Human Health: A Review

Author(s): Yashin, A | Yashin, Y | Xia, XY | Nemzer, B

Date: SEP 2017

Author keywords: antioxidants | spices | herbs | flavonoids | polyphenols

Keywords plus: GINGER ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE | TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY |

OREGANO ORIGANUM-VULGARE | PEPPER PIPER-NIGRUM | IN-VITRO | PLANT-EXTRACTS |

BLACK PEPPER | PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS | WATER EXTRACTS | LIPID PROFILE


Volume: 6

Abstract:

Antioxidants are substances that prevent oxidation of other compounds or neutralize free radicals. Spices

and herbs are rich sources of antioxidants. They have been used in food and beverages to enhance flavor,

aroma and color. Due to their excellent antioxidant activity, spices and herbs have also been used to treat

some diseases. In this review article, the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of spices and

culinary herbs are presented. The content of flavonoids and total polyphenols in different spices and

herbs are summarized. The applications of spices and their impacts on human health are briefly

described. The extraction and analytical methods for determination of antioxidant capacity are concisely

reviewed.

Source: ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE | 17 (4): 867-872 2018

Title: Ginner (Zingiher officinale Roscoe) powder as dietary supplementation in rabbit: lite

performances, carcass characteristics and meat quality

Author(s): Mancini, S | Secci, G | Preziuso, G | Parisi, G | Paci, G

Date: 2018

Author keywords: Rabbit | ginger | meat quality | antioxidant | diet

Keywords plus: SPIRULINA ARTHROSPIRA-PLATENSIS | THYME THYMUS-VULGARIS |

CURCUMA-LONGA L. | OXIDATIVE STATUS | ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY | LONGISSIMUS-DORSI |

Página 67

ASCORBIC-ACID | BURGERS | PROFILE | STABILITY


Volume: 17

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) powder

on rabbit productive performances, meat quality and shelf-life of raw and cooked meat. Ninety hybrid

rabbits of 60 days old were fed three different diets: basal diet (control, C), basal diet supplemented by 4

g of ginger powder on 100 g of feed (G4) and basal diet supplemented by 8 g of ginger powder on 100 g of

feed (G8) (3.6 and 7.2 9/100 g of dry matter for G4 and G8, respectively). Live weight, average daily gain

and feed intake were recorded. Ten rabbits of each group were slaughtered at 90 days of age and meat

quality was assessed during seven days of storage at 4 degrees C. Live performance and slaughter traits

did not show any significant differences. Dietary ginger powder induced modification in pH of raw

samples and in colour indexes of both raw and cooked meat. Lipid oxidation of raw samples was delayed

in time by ginger feed addition even if no modification was highlighted in antioxidant capacity. Ginger

powder could be a potential supplementation in diet of rabbits for increasing meat shelf-life.

Source: JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY | 45 (2): - FEB 2021

Title: Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) supplementation on oxidative stress parameters: A systematic

review and meta-analysis

Author(s): Morvaridzadeh, M | Sadeghi, E | Agah, S | Fazelian, S | Rahimlou, M | Kern, FG | Heshmati,

S | Omidi, A | Persad, E | Heshmati, J

Date: FEB 2021

Author keywords: ginger | glutathione peroxidase | malondialdehyde | oxidative stress | total

antioxidant capacity

Keywords plus:


Volume: 45

Abstract:

A wide variety of antioxidant properties are attributed to ginger (Zingiber officinale) and several

randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated the effect of ginger intake on major oxidative

stress (OS) parameters. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of

using ginger to improve OS levels. Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane

Página 68

Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched up until March 2020 to gather RCTs

that evaluated the impact of ginger intake on the levels and activity of OS parameters in adult subjects.

Means and standard deviations for relevant OS variables were extracted and evaluated to assess the

quality of the trials based on the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. The gathered data were

pooled and expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI).

Twelve trials were included in this review. Ginger intake was shown to significantly increase glutathione

peroxidase (GPx) activity (SMD: 1.64; 95% CI: 0.43, 2.85; I-2 = 86.8%) and total antioxidant capacity

(TAC) (SMD: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.73; I-2 = 42.8%) and significantly decrease malondialdehyde (MDA)

levels (SMD: -0.69; 95% CI: -1.26, -0.12; I-2 = 85.8%) compared to control groups. Ginger

supplementation also non-significantly associated with an increase in CAT activity (SMD: 1.09; 95% CI: -

0.07, 2.25; I-2 = 87.6%). This systematic review and meta-analysis presents convincing evidence

supporting the efficacy of ginger supplementation on improving OS levels. Practical implications: In

health sciences, OS, due to its pivotal role in the pathophysiology of several chronic diseases, is a subject

with a long history. Recent research strives for a safe, ideal, and effective antioxidant. Ginger is herbal

medicine, which has been widely used in traditional and complementary medicine. Proving the

antioxidant effect and potential benefit of ginger has positive clinical implications for the application of

this practical herb.

Source: GREEN PROCESSING AND SYNTHESIS | 8 (1): 895-900 JAN 2019

Title: Photocatalytic activity of Ag/Ni bi-metallic nanoparticles on textile dye removal

Author(s): Mohan, S | Devan, MV

Date: JAN 2019

Author keywords: Z. root extract | Ag/Ni NPs | textile dye | SEM | UV and redox

Keywords plus: GREEN SYNTHESIS | CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY | ROOM-TEMPERATURE | SILVER |

REDUCTION


Volume: 8

Abstract:

The photocatalysis of Ag/Ni bi-metallic nanoparticles on safranin O dye degradation was evaluated by UV

light irradiations. Ag/Ni bi-metallic nanoparticles were synthesized by the green approach using

Zingiber officinale root (Zinger) extract. The average particles size of Ag/Ni bi-metallic nanoparticles

was found to be 70-88 nm from SEM image and from XRD patterns it was confirmed that the existence of

Ag/Ni bi-metallic nanoparticles. 8 mg of Ag/Ni bi-metallic nanoparticles present in 40 mL of 10 ppm dye,

degraded completely in presence of UV light irradiations within 30 min time durations. The effect of dye

Página 69

degradation within a short period of time (30 min) was due to wide band gap energy and photo-chemical

redox reactions.

Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS AND POLYMERIC

BIOMATERIALS | 67 (9): 581-588 2018

Title: Turmeric nanofiber-encapsulated natural product formulation act as a phytogenic feed additiveA

study in broilers on growth performance, biochemical indices of blood, and E-coli in cecum

Author(s): Gopi, S | Amalraj, A | Varma, K | Jude, S | Reddy, PB | Divya, C | Haponiuk, JT | Thomas, S

Date: 2018

Author keywords: Bioactive compounds | broiler chicken | growth performance | phytogenic feed

additive | turmeric nanofiber

Keywords plus: GINGER ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE | SEED NIGELLA-SATIVA | ESSENTIAL OILS |

ANTIOXIDANT STATUS | CAMELLIA-OLEIFERA | MEAT QUALITY | NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY |

DIETARY FIBER | CHICKENS | SUPPLEMENTATION


Volume: 67

Abstract:

A phytogenic feed additive (PFA) formulation was prepared with bioactive moleculescurcuminoids,

gingerol, and carvacrol by encapsulating in nanofiber isolated from turmeric spent (turmeric nanofiber,

TNF). This formulation was completely characterized by scanning electron microscope, ultra

performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography and evaluated for its efficacy. PFA-

encapsulated TNF (PFA@TNF) considerably increased mean body weight, decreased cholesterol level,

mortality rate, and reduced Escherichia coli content of broilers than antibiotic growth promoter

(AGP). The depth of crypts in the ileum of broilers was considerably reduced by the inclusion of

PFA@TNF in diets compared with the AGP. [GRAPHICS]

Source: CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY | 75 (4): 505-511 APR 2018

Title: Culturable Endophytic Bacteria of Ginger Rhizome and their Remarkable Multi-trait Plant

Growth-Promoting Features

Author(s): Rohini, S | Aswani, R | Kannan, M | Sylas, VP | Radhakrishnan, EK

Date: APR 2018

Author keywords:

Página 70

Keywords plus: ZEA-MAYS L. | ACID


Volume: 75

Abstract:

Functional contribution of endophytic bacteria towards plant growth is highly impressive due to their

species diversity and array of probiotic mechanisms. In the study, 96 endophytic bacteria isolated from

rhizome of ginger (Zingiber officinale) were screened for phosphate solubilisation, 1-amino

cyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, nitrogen fixation, ammonia and IAA production.

Among these, sixteen endophytes with multiple plant growth-promoting activities were identified by 16S

rDNA sequencing and all of them showed growth enhancement in Vigna unguiculata var Lola which

make the study remarkably significant. The result was a clear indication of consistent, reliable and broad

spectrum plant probiotic features of all the selected isolates. However, strain-specific effects on soil

parameters represent the unique and distinguishable role of each of the selected isolates in the

chemobiology of ginger rhizome. The study provided deeper insight into microbiomics of ginger rhizome

with its agricultural promises.

Source: STARCH-STARKE | : - JUN 9 2021

Title: Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Activities In Vitro of a Neutral Polysaccharide from Ginger

(Zingiber Officinale)

Author(s): Hou, MD | Jun, G | Liu, ZQ | Yu, S | Liu, SY

Date:

Author keywords: antioxidant activity | ginger | immunomodulatory activity | polysaccharides |

structures

Keywords plus: STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION | INHIBITORY-ACTIVITIES | EXTRACTION

| CARBOHYDRATE | OPTIMIZATION | PECTIN | FRUIT

Publication year:

Volume:

Abstract:

In this study, crude polysaccharides from ginger are obtained by ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic

extraction. After deproteinization using Sevag method, dialysis, and isolation on a DEAE52-cellulose

column and a Sephadex G-100 column, a neutral heteropolysaccharide purified ginger polysaccharide

(pGP) with the molecular weight of 62 500 Da is obtained. Four sugar residues are confirmed in pGP,

Página 71

including -> 3)-alpha-L-Araf-(1 ->, -> 2)-alpha-L-Rhap, -> 3)-beta-D-Galp-(1 ->, -> 6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1

->. Antioxidant activities analysis confirms that pGP possess good scavenging effects on DPPH, 2,2-

azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid, and hydroxyl radicals. In addition, pGP significantly

stimulates the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells and has strong protection effect against H2O2-

induced damage. These results show that pGP can be used as a potential antioxidant agent in medicine

or functional food.

Source: CURRENT SCIENCE | 110 (4): 579-583 FEB 25 2016

Title: Chemopreventive prospective of dietary spices against hepatocellular carcinoma

Author(s): Akhtar, T | Sheikh, N

Date: FEB 25 2016

Author keywords: Apoptosis | carcinogenesis | chemoprevention | hepatocellular carcinoma |

inflammation

Keywords plus: CELL-CYCLE ARREST | FACTOR-KAPPA-B | CYTOCHROME-C | ZINGIBER-

OFFICINALE | LIPID-PEROXIDATION | DIALLYL SULFIDE | HEPATOMA-CELLS | CURCUMA-

LONGA | LIVER-CANCER | GARLIC OIL


Volume: 110

Abstract:

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a primary liver cancer, is one of the most fatal cancers having

universal prevalence. Developing countries of Asia and Africa are reported with more HCC cases

compared to the United States and Europe. Surgical resection and liver transplantation present limited

treatment choices for HCC. It is need of the hour to investigate promising alternative chemopreventive

and therapeutic strategies to control the disease. In most cases HCC develops and progresses in an

environment of inflammation and oxidative stress. Phytochemicals such as dietary spices and their

active components gifted with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, offer an

appropriate alternative mitigation of HCC. Ginger, turmeric and garlic are the commonly used spices.

Studies suggest that these have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumour activities. This article

reviews their apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects as well as involvement of various

molecular signalling pathways.

Source: CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN | 64 (1): 21-26 JAN 2016

Title: Microeneapsulation of Ginger Volatile Oil Based on Gelatin/Sodium Alginate Polyelectrolyte

Complex

Página 72

Author(s): Wang, LX | Yang, SW | Cao, JL | Zhao, SH | Wane, WW

Date: JAN 2016

Author keywords: polyelectrolyte complexation | ginger volatile oil (GVO) | microcapsule | gelatin |

sodium alginate

Keywords plus: ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE | ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY | IN-VITRO |

MICROENCAPSULATION | MICROCAPSULES | COACERVATION | CHITOSAN | MICROSPHERES |

KINETICS | RELEASE


Volume: 64

Abstract:

The coacervation between gelatin and sodium alginate for ginger volatile oil (GVO) microencapsulation

as functions of mass ratio, pH and concentration of wall material and core material load was evaluated.

The microencapsulation was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform

infrared (FT-IR), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). SEM and FT-IR studies indicated the

formation of polyelectrolyte complexation between gelatin and sodium alginate and successful

encapsulation of GVO into the microcapsules. Thermal property study showed that the crosslinked

microparticles exhibited higher thermal stability than the neat GVO, gelatin, and sodium alginate. The

stability of microencapsulation of GVO in a simulated gastric and an intestinal situation in vitro was also

studied. The stability results indicated that the release of GVO from microcapsules was much higher in

simulated intestinal fluid, compared with that in simulated-gastric fluid.

Source: JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE | 55 (8): 3001-3007 AUG

2018

Title: Inhibitory effect of chemical and natural anti-browning agents on polyphenol oxidase from ginger

(Zingiber officinale Roscoe)

Author(s): Lim, WY | Wong, CW

Date: AUG 2018

Author keywords: Polyphenol oxidase | Ginger | Anti-browning agents | Inhibition

Keywords plus: PURIFICATION | PREVENTION | POTATO | BANANA | JUICE


Volume: 55

Abstract:

Página 73

Food browning is undesirable as it causes deterioration in food quality and appearance. This

phenomenon was related to polyphenol oxidase (PPO), which catalyzes conversion of phenolic

compounds into o-quinones. The present work evaluated the use of chemical and natural anti-browning

agents to prevent the browning of ginger PPO. Sodium metabisulfite (5 mM) is a better chemical

inhibitor compared to l-cysteine and sodium chloride as 55.00% of ginger PPO inhibition was achieved.

The percentage of inhibition increased as the concentration of anti-browning agents increases. The

addition of heated onion, chili pepper and pineapple extracts exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on

ginger PPO than unheated extracts. Heated chili pepper extract was the best natural inhibitor found in

this study and it inhibited the ginger PPO (47.97%) mixed-competitively. Natural anti-browning agents

have potential to be used to control the browning of ginger as well as other vegetables and fruits.

Source: SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY | 69: 140-149 FEB 2021

Title: Ginger and its active compounds in cancer therapy: From folk uses to nano-therapeutic

applications

Author(s): Mahomoodally, MF | Aumeeruddy, MZ | Rengasamy, KRR | Roshan, S | Hammad, S |

Pandohee, J | Hu, XB | Zengin, G

Date: FEB 2021

Author keywords: Zingiber officinale | Microbiome | Gingerol | Shogaol | Enzyme inhibition |

Combination therapy | Nanoformulation

Keywords plus:


Volume: 69

Abstract:

Ginger is a spice that is renowned for its characteristic aromatic fragrance and pungent taste, with

documented healing properties. Field studies conducted in several Asian and African countries revealed

that ginger is used traditionally in the management of cancer. The scientific community has probed into

the biological validation of its extracts and isolated compounds including the gingerols, shogaols,

zingiberene, and zingerone, through in -vitro and in-vivo studies. Nonetheless, an updated compilation

of these data together with a deep mechanistic approach is yet to be provided. Accordingly, this review

highlights the mechanisms and therapeutics of ginger and its bioactive compounds focused on a cancer

context and these evidence are based on the (i) cytotoxic effect against cancer cell lines, (ii) enzyme

inhibitory action, (iii) combination therapy with chemotherapeutic and phenolic compounds, (iv)

possible links to the microbiome and (v) the use of nano-formulations of ginger bioactive compounds as

a more effective drug delivery strategy in cancer therapy.

Página 74

Source: JCI INSIGHT | 6 (3): - FEB 8 2021

Title: Antineutrophil properties of natural gingerols in models of lupus

Author(s): Ali, RA | Gandhi, AA | Dai, LP | Weiner, J | Estes, SK | Yalavarthi, S | Gockman, K | Sun,

DX | Knight, JS

Date: FEB 8 2021

Author keywords:

Keywords plus: NEUTROPHIL EXTRACELLULAR TRAPS | ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE |

ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME | THROMBOSIS | EXPRESSION | METABOLITES | 6-GINGEROL

| APREMILAST | ANTIBODIES | CONTRIBUTE


Volume: 6

Abstract:

Ginger is known to have antiinflammatory and antioxidative effects and has traditionally been used as

an herbal supplement in the treatment of various chronic diseases. Here, we report antineutrophil

properties of 6-gingerol, the most abundant bioactive compound of ginger root, in models of lupus and

antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Specifically, we demonstrate that 6-gingerol attenuates neutrophil

extracellular trap (NET) release in response to lupus- and APS-relevant stimuli through a mechanism

that is at least partially dependent on inhibition of phosphodiesterases. At the same time, administration

of 6-gingerol to mice reduces NET release in various models of lupus and APS, while also improving

other disease-relevant endpoints, such as autoantibody formation and large-vein thrombosis. In

summary, this study is the first to our knowledge to demonstrate a protective role for ginger-derived

compounds in the context of lupus. Importantly, it provides a potential mechanism for these effects via

phosphodiestera se inhibition and attenuation of neutrophil hyperactivity.

Source: JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY | : - 2017

Title: The Aroma Composition of Baby Ginger Paocai

Author(s): Luo, SM | Li, Q | Chen, AJ | Liu, XY | Pu, B

Date: 2017

Author keywords:

Keywords plus: GC-MS | ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE | FERMENTATION | OLFACTOMETRY |

FLAVOR | SAFETY | FOOD

Página 75


Volume:

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to analyze the volatile compounds in baby ginger paocai and the fresh

baby ginger and identify the key aroma components that contribute to the flavor of baby ginger paocai. A

total of 86 volatile compounds from the two baby ginger samples were quantified; these compounds

were extracted by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analyzed by gas

chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The aroma composition of baby ginger paocai was

different from that of fresh baby ginger. Baby ginger paocai was characterized by the presence of aroma-

active compounds which varied in concentration from 0.03 to 28.14%. Geranyl acetate was the aroma

component with the highest relative content in baby ginger paocai. beta-myrcene, eucalyptol, trans-beta-

ocimene, Z-ocimene, linalool, decanal, cis-citral, geraniol, geranyl acetate, curcumene, and beta-

bisabolene contributed to the overall aroma of the product of baby ginger paocai which had gone

through a moderate fermentation process.

Source: FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY | 11: - SEP 23 2020

Title: COVID-19: Is There Evidence for the Use of Herbal Medicines as Adjuvant Symptomatic Therapy?

Author(s): Silveira, D | Prieto-Garcia, JM | Boylan, F | Estrada, O | Fonseca-Bazzo, YM | Jamal, CM |

Magalhaes, PO | Pereira, EO | Tomczyk, M | Heinrich, M

Date: SEP 23 2020

Author keywords: herbal medicine | coronavirus (2019-nCoV) | COVID-19 | benefit | risk assessment

| respiratory diseases

Keywords plus: MIKANIA-GLOMERATA SPRENGEL | PERFORMANCE LIQUID-

CHROMATOGRAPHY | ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE ROSCOE | PREGNANCY-INDUCED NAUSEA |

PLANTAGO-LANCEOLATA L. | WILLOW BARK EXTRACT | POLYGALA-TENUIFOLIA WILLDENOW

| OREGANO LIPPIA-GRAVEOLENS | ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION | THISTLE SILYBUM-

MARIANUM


Volume: 11

Abstract:

Background Current recommendations for the self-management of SARS-Cov-2 disease (COVID-19)

include self-isolation, rest, hydration, and the use of NSAID in case of high fever only. It is expected that

many patients will add other symptomatic/adjuvant treatments, such as herbal medicines. Aims To

Página 76

provide a benefits/risks assessment of selected herbal medicines traditionally indicated for "respiratory

diseases" within the current frame of the COVID-19 pandemic as an adjuvant treatment. Method The

plant selection was primarily based on species listed by the WHO and EMA, but some other herbal

remedies were considered due to their widespread use in respiratory conditions. Preclinical and clinical

data on their efficacy and safety were collected from authoritative sources. The target population were

adults with early and mild flu symptoms without underlying conditions. These were evaluated according

to a modified PrOACT-URL method with paracetamol, ibuprofen, and codeine as reference drugs. The

benefits/risks balance of the treatments was classified aspositive,promising,negative, andunknown.

Results A total of 39 herbal medicines were identified as very likely to appeal to the COVID-19 patient.

According to our method, the benefits/risks assessment of the herbal medicines was found to be positive

in 5 cases (Althaea officinalis, Commiphora molmol, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Hedera helix,

andSambucus nigra), promising in 12 cases (Allium sativum,Andrographis

paniculata,Echinacea angustifolia, Echinacea purpurea, Eucalyptus globulusessential oil,

Justicia pectoralis, Magnolia officinalis,Mikania glomerata,Pelargonium

sidoides,Pimpinella anisum,Salixsp,Zingiber officinale), and unknown for the rest. On the same

grounds, only ibuprofen resulted promising, but we could not find compelling evidence to endorse the

use of paracetamol and/or codeine. Conclusions Our work suggests that several herbal medicines have

safety margins superior to those of reference drugs and enough levels of evidence to start a clinical

discussion about their potential use as adjuvants in the treatment of early/mild common flu in otherwise

healthy adults within the context of COVID-19. While these herbal medicines will not cure or prevent the

flu, they may both improve general patient well-being and offer them an opportunity to personalize the

therapeutic approaches.

Source: AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AQUATIC SCIENCE | : - NOV 14 2019

Title: Effects of Chromolaena odorata leaf extract on behaviour and haematology of Clarias gariepinus

juveniles (Burchell, 1822)

Author(s): Okoro, N | Iheanacho, SC | Nwakpa, J | Eze, K

Date:

Author keywords: behaviour | Chromolaena odorata | plant leaf extract | haematology

Keywords plus: ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE | DISEASE RESISTANCE | FISH | GROWTH | PLANTS

Publication year:

Volume:

Abstract:

The current study investigated the effect of Chromolaena odorata leaf extract on the behaviour and

Página 77

haematology of Clarias gariepinus juveniles. One hundred and fifty (150) juveniles of C. gariepinus

(46.02 +/- 1.20 g) were exposed to a range of concentrations of C. odorata leaf extract: 10 mg l(-1), 20 mg

l(-1), 30 mg l(-1) and 40 mg l(-1) at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h exposure duration. Dose- and time-

dependent behavioural changes, such as loss of equilibrium, hyperactivity and jerky movement, were

observed in fish exposed to C. odorata leaf extract. There was a progressive and dose-dependent

decrease in response to stimulus with time, until a state of calmness, which was subsequently followed by

death. Haematological analyses revealed significant and dose-dependent decreases in pack cell volume,

haemoglobin and erythrocytes, and elevated white blood cells, in exposed fish relative to control fish.

Source: FOOD CHEMISTRY | 350: - JUL 15 2021

Title: The effect of borage, ginger and fennel extracts on acrylamide formation in French fries in deep

and electric air frying

Author(s): Haddarah, A | Naim, E | Dankar, I | Sepulcre, F | Pujola, M | Chkeir, M

Date: JUL 15 2021

Author keywords: Acrylamide | Borago officinalis | Foeniculum vulgare | Natural extracts | Scavenging

activity | Zingiber officinale

Keywords plus:


Volume: 350

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three Lebanese wild plant extracts on acrylamide (AA)

content in French fries, and to investigate the impact of air frying (AF) and deep frying (DF) techniques

against AA formation. HPLC showed higher level of AA in DF (1384.79 ng/g) than in AF (163.1 ng/g).

Indeed, the plant extracts of ginger, borage and fennel succeeded to decrease AA (59.67, 67.99, and

73.36% in (AF) and 21.91, 66.29 and 29.15% in (DF) respectively) in both fryers. Accordingly, borage

fennel and ginger with their high scavenging activity (86.09%, 89.11% 93.67% respectively) and total

phenolic contents (298.61, 117.79 and 97.36 of GAE respectively) can act as healthy beneficial pre-

treatment, overall reducing AA in potato fries particularly in AF. This study was the first to reveal the

importance of using plant extract in reducing AA in potato fries, a staple Lebanese food.

Source: FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY | 9: - FEB 27 2018

Title: 6-Gingerol Regulates Hepatic Cholesterol Metabolism by Up-regulation of LDLR and Cholesterol

Efflux-Related Genes in HepG2 Cells

Página 78

Author(s): Li, X | Guo, JT | Liang, N | Jiang, XW | Song, Y | Ou, SY | Hu, YF | Jiao, R | Bai, WB

Date: FEB 27 2018

Author keywords: 6-gingerol | cholesterol metabolism | LDLR | cholesterol efflux | ABCA1

Keywords plus: HIGH-FAT DIET | PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL | FAMILIAL

HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA | ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE | MESSENGER-RNA | X-RECEPTOR |

LIVER | ABCA1 | MICE | GINGER


Volume: 9

Abstract:

Gingerols, the pungent ingredients in ginger, are reported to possess a cholesterol-lowering activity.

However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study was to investigate how 6-

gingerol (6-GN), the most abundant gingerol in fresh ginger, regulates hepatic cholesterol metabolism.

HepG2 cells were incubated with various concentrations of 6-GN ranging from 50 to 200 mu M for 24 h.

Results showed that both cellular total cholesterol and free cholesterol decreased in a dose-dependent

manner. Besides, 6-GN ranging from 100 to 200 mu M increased the LDLR protein and uptake of

fluorescent-labeled LDL. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expressions of cholesterol metabolism-

related genes were also examined. It was found that 6-GN regulated cholesterol metabolism via up-

regulation of LDLR through activation of SREBP2 as well as up-regulation of cholesterol efflux-related

genes LXR alpha and ABCA1.

Source: JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY | 94 (6): 753-760 NOV 2

2019

Title: Indirect somatic embryogenesis and Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation of ginger

(Zingiber officinale Rosc.) using leaf sheath explants

Author(s): Mehaboob, VM | Faizal, K | Thilip, C | Raja, P | Thiagu, G | Aslam, A | Shajahan, A

Date: NOV 2 2019

Author keywords: Ginger | Agrobacterium | transformation | somatic embryos | hygromycin

Keywords plus: PLANT-REGENERATION | EFFICIENT REGENERATION | COCULTIVATION

MEDIUM | EXPRESSION | SYSTEM | TISSUE | SPP.


Volume: 94

Abstract:

Página 79

This study has established an efficient and simple Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation

method for a valuable spice crop 'ginger' via indirect somatic embryogenesis. Leaf sheath explants were

transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains EHA105 and LBA4404 harbouring vector

pGFPGUSPlus containing beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter and hygromycin phosphotransferase (hptII)

selection marker. Different parameters enhancing agro-infection were investigated to optimise

transformation efficiency. High transformation frequency was achieved when explants were co-

cultivated with bacterial cell density of 0.6 OD600 on medium containing 150 mu M acetosyringone for

2 days, followed by selection regime of 40 mg/l hygromycin. Histochemical GUS analysis confirmed the

transient expression of gus gene, which was further confirmed by PCR analysis of hptII and nptII genes

specific primers. The origin and developmental stages of somatic embryos from leaf sheath explants

were investigated with the help of scanning electron micrographs. This newly developed transient

transformation system provides a basis for quick expression of marker genes in regenerated plantlets.

Source: FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY | 11: - JUL 21 2020

Title: Effect of a Blend of Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Bixa orellana L. Herbal Supplement on

the Recovery of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Induced by Unaccustomed Eccentric Resistance

Training: A Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Author(s): Dominguez-Balmaseda, D | Diez-Vega, I | Larrosa, M | San Juan, AF | Issaly, N | Moreno-

Perez, D | Burgos, S | Sillero-Quintana, M | Gonzalez, C | Bas, A | Roller, M | Perez-Ruiz, M

Date: JUL 21 2020

Author keywords: annatto | ginger | young athletes | pain | sport performance | recovery | ReWin(d) |

heart rate variability

Keywords plus: HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY | ARONIA-CITRUS JUICE | INFLAMMATORY

RESPONSE | OXIDATIVE STRESS | GINGER | PAIN | ENDURANCE | DAMAGE


Volume: 11

Abstract:

Background: There is an increasing interest in the use of eccentric muscle exercise to improve physical

condition, especially with regards to its health-related benefits. However, it is known that unaccustomed

eccentric exercise causes muscle damage and delayed pain, commonly defined as "delayed onset muscle

soreness" (DOMS). The efficacy of herbal preparations in subjects suffering from DOMS has been

reported in a few previous studies with small or moderate outcome measures related to muscle recovery.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a polyherbal mixture containing whole Zingiber

officinale Roscoe and Bixa orellana L., powders called ReWin(d), in young male athletes suffering

Página 80

from DOMS induced by a 1 h session of plyometric exercises. Methods: Thirty-three young male athletes

participated in this randomized, Triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial: 17 of them assigned to the ReWin

(d) group and 16 of them to the placebo group. Creatine kinase (CK) was measured as a muscle damage

marker, pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), muscle performance was measured

through half-squat exercise (HS) monitored with an accelerometer (Encoder), and heart rate variability

(HRV) was monitored for 5 min with the subjects in the supine position. All determinations were

performed before and after the eccentric session and 24, 48, and 72 h after the session. Results: The

eccentric exercise session caused an increase in CK at 24 and 48 h after exercise intervention in both

groups (p< 0.001). There was no interaction between groups regarding muscle damage. The pain

increased after the training session in both groups (p< 0.001), and a significant interaction was observed

between groups at 48 h after exercise (p= 0.004). Lower limb muscular power showed a significant

interaction between groups 24 h after exercise (p= 0.049); the placebo group showed a reduction in

muscle power compared to the ReWin(d) group. The LF/HF ratio decreased significantly at 72 h after

exercise in the herbal group but not in the placebo group. Conclusion: The herbal supplement maintained

the maximum power of the lower limbs and attenuated muscle pain.

Source: FOOD ANALYTICAL METHODS | 10 (4): 1016-1023 APR 2017

Title: Novel Dispersed Sorbent Sorptive Extraction Method for the Chromatography Profiling of Active

Substances in Ginger

Author(s): Havlikova, LC | Urbanova, M | Chocholou, P | Solich, P

Date: APR 2017

Author keywords: Dispersive SPE | Dispersed sorbent sorptive extraction (DSSE) | Gingerols | Fused-

core particles | Phenyl-hexyl

Keywords plus: SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION | LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY | MASS-

SPECTROMETRY | SAMPLE PREPARATION | ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE | GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY |

BIOLOGICAL-FLUIDS | PESTICIDES | RESIDUES | TRENDS


Volume: 10

Abstract:

One of the important aspects of sample pretreatment is the pre-concentration step. In a sample, analytes

are often present in trace levels and pretreatment procedures with high enrichment factor are needed.

This work describes the practical aspects of novel dispersed sorbent sorptive extraction (DSSE) method

that uses dispersed sorbent for analyte extraction and not for matrix suppression as is typical in

QuEChERS. The DSSE was used for the extraction of gingerols, family of active substances in ginger

Página 81

samples, before fast HPLC separation. Using presented extraction method, a high pre-concentration

factor (up to 50) of analytes was reached. The separation method using fused-core phenyl-hexyl

stationary phase and mobile phase composed of 50 % acetonitrile in water in isocratic mode was

developed and validated. Advantages and disadvantages of DSSE and pitfalls during the method

development and optimization will be discussed.

Source: MOLECULES | 24 (6): - MAR 2 2019

Title: Antibacterial and Biofilm Inhibitory Activity of Medicinal Plant Essential Oils Against

Escherichia coli Isolated from UTI Patients

Author(s): Lagha, R | Ben Abdallah, F | AL-Sarhan, BO | Al-Sodany, Y

Date: MAR 2 2019

Author keywords: Escherichia coli | UTI | essential oils | Origanum majorana | Thymus zygis

| Rosmarinus officinalis | Juniperus communis | Zengiber officinale | antibacterial |

antibiofilm

Keywords plus: URINARY-TRACT-INFECTIONS | ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY | CHEMICAL-

COMPOSITION | CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE | STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS | ANTIBIOTIC-

RESISTANCE | EUCALYPTUS OIL | L. | THYMOL | CONSTITUENTS


Volume: 24

Abstract:

Urinary tract infections (UTIs), caused by Escherichia coli 80% to 85% of the time, are one of the

most important causes of morbidity and health care spending affecting persons of all ages. These

infections lead to many difficult problems, especially increasing resistance to antibiotic drugs. Bacterial

biofilms play an important role in UTIs, responsible for persistent infections leading to recurrences and

relapses. In this study, we have investigated the antibacterial activity of five medicinal plant essential

oils against UTIs caused by E. coli using disc diffusion and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC)

methods. In addition, biofilm inhibitory action of oils was realized by crystal violet. Gas chromatography

-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed a variability between oils in terms of compound numbers

as well as their percentages. Antibacterial activity was observed only in cases of Origanum majorana,

Thymus zygis and Rosmarinus officinalis, while Juniperus communis and Zingiber

officinale did not showed any effect towards E. coli isolates. T. zygis essential oil demonstrated the

highest antibacterial activity against E. coli isolates, followed by O. majorana and R. officinalis.

Further, oils showed high biofilm inhibitory action with a percentage of inhibition that ranged from

14.94% to 94.75%. R. officinalis oil had the highest antibiofilm activity followed by T. zygis and O.

Página 82

majorana. Accordingly, tested oils showed very effective antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against E.

coli UTIs and can be considered as good alternative for antibiotics substitution.

Source: JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS | 82 (6): 1412-1423 JUN 2019

Title: Indole Diterpenoids from an Endophytic Penicillium sp.

Author(s): Ariantari, NP | Ancheeva, E | Wang, CY | Mandi, A | Knedel, TO | Kurtan, T | Chaidir, C |

Muller, WEG | Kassack, MU | Janiak, C | Daletos, G | Proksch, P

Date: JUN 2019

Author keywords:

Keywords plus: CLAVICEPS-PASPALI STEVENS | TREMORGENIC METABOLITE | NATURAL-

PRODUCTS | JANTHITREM-B | FUNGUS | BIOSYNTHESIS | PAXILLINE | ALKALOIDS |

JANTHINELLUM | INDOLOSESQUITERPENE


Volume: 82

Abstract:

A chemical investigation of the endophyte Penicillium sp. (strain ZO-R1-1), isolated from roots of the

medicinal plant Zingiber officinale, yielded nine new indole diterpenoids (1-9), together with 13

known congeners (10-22). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR

analysis in combination with HRESIMS data. The absolute configuration of the new natural products 1, 3,

and 7 was determined using the TDDFT-ECD approach and confirmed for 1 by single-crystal X-ray

determination through anomalous dispersion. The isolated compounds were tested for cytotoxicity

against L5178Y, A2780, J82, and HEK-293 cell lines. Compound 1 was the most active metabolite toward

L5178Y cells, with an IC50 value of 3.6 mu M, and an IC50 against A2780 cells of 8.7 mu M. Interestingly,

1 features a new type of indole diterpenoid scaffold with a rare 6/5/6/6/6/6/5 heterocyclic system

bearing an aromatic ring C, which is suggested to be important for the cytotoxic activity of this natural

product aga inst L5278Y and A2780 cells.

Source: FOOD SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY | 29 (3): 379-385 MAR 2020

Title: Optimizing extraction conditions for functional compounds from ginger (Zingiber officinale

Roscoe) using response surface methodology

Author(s): Cha, J | Kim, CT | Cho, YJ

Date: MAR 2020

Página 83

Author keywords: Extraction | Ginger | Optimization | Response surface methodology | Regression

equation

Keywords plus: PRESSURE EXTRACTION | ASSISTED EXTRACTION | OPTIMIZATION |

CAROTENOIDS | ULTRASOUND | COMPONENTS | SOLVENT


Volume: 29

Abstract:

Extraction process was optimized for maximizing the contents of functional compounds from ginger

using response surface methodology which applied Box-Behnken design. Ginger extracts were obtained

at 3 levels of ethanol concentration (0-70%) of solvent, extraction time (30-90 min), and extraction

temperature (50-70 degrees C) as independent variables. The 6-shogaol and 6-gingerol of the extracts

were analyzed through HPLC. The significance of each term in polynomial regression equations was

evaluated on functional compound contents and extraction yield in extraction process. It was verified

that the regression equations were accurate with high determination coefficients over 0.892. The

optimum ethanol concentration, extraction time, and extraction temperature for extraction yield were

determined as 41.38%, 78.16 min, and 70 degrees C, respectively. The functional compound contents

predicted at optimal conditions were as follows: 39.55 mg/g at 70%, 70 min, and 70 degrees C for 6-

gingerol, 2.44 mg/g at 70%, 51.90 min, and 62.29 degrees C for 6-shogaol.

Source: JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS | 81: - JUN 2021

Title: Effects of culinary herbs and spices on obesity: A systematic literature review of clinical trials

Author(s): Deekshith, C | Jois, M | Radcliffe, J | Thomas, J

Date: JUN 2021

Author keywords: Body mass index | Body weight | Body composition | Obesity | Herb | Spice

Keywords plus: ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE SUPPLEMENTATION | TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS |

Y GASTRIC BYPASS | LIPID PROFILE | DOUBLE-BLIND | BODY-COMPOSITION | GLYCEMIC

STATUS | BLOOD-PRESSURE | CHICORY SEED | CINNAMON


Volume: 81

Abstract:

The aim of this article was to systematically review literature on clinical trials investigating the effects of

culinary herbs and spices on obesity in adults. Relevant articles were searched through the electronic

Página 84

databases using predefined search terms. Thirty commonly used herbs and spices for weight loss were

selected based on the literature. Out of 33 intervention studies that were eligible for inclusion in the

review, 24 studies reported statistically significant (P < 0.05) reductions in obesity indices either

compared to baseline or to the placebo. Overall, eight herbs/spices were reported to be beneficial in

regards to obesity in the eligible literature including basil (on BW and BMI), cardamom (on BW, BMI

and WC), cinnamon (on BW, BMI, BFP and WC), coriander (on BMI), garlic (on BMI and WC), ginger

(on BW, BMI, WC and HC), nigella (on BW, BMI, WC, BFP and HC) and turmeric (on BW, BMI, BFP

and WC).

Source: POLYMERS | 12 (9): - SEP 2020

Title: Development of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membrane by Incorporating Bio-Based Ginger Extract

as Additive

Author(s): Fahrina, A | Arahman, N | Mulyati, S | Aprilia, S | Nawi, NIM | Aqsha, A | Bilad, MR |

Takagi, R | Matsuyama, H

Date: SEP 2020

Author keywords: antibiofouling | antimicrobial additive | bio-based membrane | ginger extract |

membrane fouling

Keywords plus: ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANE | ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE | PERFORMANCE |

COMPOSITE | NANOPARTICLES | FABRICATION


Volume: 12

Abstract:

Biofouling on the membrane surface leads to performance deficiencies in membrane filtration. In this

study, the application of ginger extract as a bio-based additive to enhance membrane antibiofouling

properties was investigated. The extract was dispersed in a dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) solvent together

with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to enhance biofouling resistance of the resulting membrane due to

its antibiotic property. The concentrations of the ginger extract in the dope solution were varied in the

range of 0-0.1 wt %. The antibacterial property of the resulting membranes was assessed using the Kirby

Bauer disc diffusion method. The results show an inhibition zone formed around the PVDF/ginger

membrane against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus demonstrating the efficacy of the

residual ginger extract in the membrane matrix to impose the antibiofouling property. The addition of

the ginger extract also enhanced the hydrophilicity in the membrane surface by lowering the contact

angle from 93 degrees to 85 degrees, which was in good agreement with the increase in the pure water

flux of up to 62%.

Página 85

Source: PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE | 128 (3): 715-721 MAR 2017

Title: Nitric oxide as a bioactive molecule in the regulation of chalcone synthase during jasmonic acid

mediated defense signaling in ginger

Author(s): Girija, A | Devakumar, LJPS | Vijayanathan, M | Vasudevan, SE

Date: MAR 2017

Author keywords: Chalcone synthase | Jasmonic acid | Nitric oxide | Zingiber officinale

Keywords plus: SECONDARY METABOLISM | ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA | STRESS RESPONSES

| PLANTS | INVOLVEMENT | RESISTANCE | CULTURES | CELLS


Volume: 128

Abstract:

Nitric oxide (NO) and elicitors have been found to enhance the defense responses in plants. In this

study, the role of NO in the regulation of chalcone synthase (CHS) gene during jasmonic acid (JA)-

mediated defense response under wound stress in ginger were investigated. It was observed that NO is

responsible for the up-regulation of CHS during wound stress, which further stimulates the JA-

mediated stress responses. Confocal microscopy and qRT-PCR were used to study the accumulation of

NO and CHS (ZoCHS) transcript levels, respectively, at the wound site. Relative expression of ZoCHS

was found to increase by double fold in wounded plants upon treatment with NO and JA. Confocal

studies confirmed the accumulation of NO at the wound sites which further triggered the JA-mediated

stress responses. Overall results in this work implicate the role of NO in positive modulation of JA

defense signaling responses and expression of CHS in ginger during wounding. These findings will help

in the development of plants with improved metabolic and defense traits.

Source: PLANTA MEDICA | 86 (18): 1375-1388 DEC 2020

Title: Effects of a Multicomponent Herbal Extract on the Course of Subclinical Ketosis in Dairy Cows -

a Blinded Placebo-controlled Field-study

Author(s): Durrer, M | Mevissen, M | Holinger, M | Hamburger, M | Graf-Schiller, S | Mayer, P |

Potterat, O | Bruckmaier, R | Walkenhorst, M

Date: DEC 2020

Author keywords: subclinical ketosis | herbal extract | sodium propionate | dairy cow

Página 86

Keywords plus: EARLY-LACTATION HYPERKETONEMIA | BLOOD BETA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE |

NONESTERIFIED FATTY-ACIDS | PROPYLENE-GLYCOL | OXIDATIVE STRESS | KETONE-BODIES |

MILK-YIELD | LIVER | TRIAL | PREVALENCE


Volume: 86

Abstract:

A blinded placebo-controlled multi-center on-farm trial was conducted in dairy cows with subclinical

ketosis to investigate effects of a multicomponent herbal extract. Blood ketone levels were measured

weekly in early lactating cows from 16 Swiss herds. Cows were subclassified based on their initial blood-

beta -hydroxybutyrate levels (>= 1.0 [KET-low, 84 cows] and >1.2mmol/L [KET-high, 39 cows]) and

randomly distributed to 3 groups treated orally with herbal extract containing Camellia sinensis,

Cichcorium intybus, Gentiana lutea, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Taraxacum officinale, Trigonella

foenum-graecum , and Zingiber officinale , sodium propionate, or placebo twice a day for 5 days.

Milk yield, milk acetone, blood- beta -hydroxybutyrate, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, gamma-

glutamyl transferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase were analyzed over 2wk. Linear mixed effect models

were used for data analysis. No effects were found for nonesterifed fatty acids, gamma-glutamyl

transferase, and glucose. Significantly higher glutamate dehydrogenase (29.71U/L) values were found in

herbal extract-treated animals compared to sodium propionate on day 7 (22.33U/L). By trend, higher

blood- beta -hydroxybutyrate levels (1.36mmol/L) were found in the placebo group of KET-high-cows on

day 14 compared to the sodium propionate group (0.91mmol/L). Milk yields of all treatment groups

increased. Milking time and treatment showed a significant interaction for milk acetone: sodium

propionate led to an immediate decrease, whereas herbal extracts resulted in a milk acetone decrease

from day 7 on, reaching significantly lower milk acetone on day 14 (3.17mg/L) when compared to placebo

(4.89mg/L). In conclusion, herbal extracts and sodium propionate are both likely to improve subclinical

ketosis in dairy cows, however, by different modes of action.

Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES | 19 (6): 1303-1316 JUN 2 2016

Title: Optimization of Phenolic Content, Antioxidant, and Inhibitory Activities of alpha-Glucosidase and

Angiotensin Converting (AC) Enzymes from Zingiber officinale Z.

Author(s): Alu'datt, MH | Rababah, T | Alhamad, MN | Gammoh, S | Ereifej, K | Johargy, A | Kubow, S

| Almajwal, AM | Rawashdeh, M

Date: JUN 2 2016

Author keywords: Free and bound phenolics | Angiotensin converting enzyme | Extraction |

Antioxidant activity | alpha-Glucosidase | Ginger

Página 87

Keywords plus: MEDICINAL-PLANTS | CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION | GINGER |

QUANTIFICATION | POLYPHENOLS | EXTRACTION | PRINCIPLES | AMYLASE | HERBS | ROSC


Volume: 19

Abstract:

The optimum extraction conditions of phenolic compounds from ginger were evaluated with respect to

antioxidant activity and angiotensin converting enzyme and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Free

phenolics were extracted under conditions that varied according to extraction time, temperature, and

solvent type (water, acetone, and methanol). Acid and base hydrolysis reactions were used to obtain

bound phenolic compounds from ginger. The results showed that the type of solvent used and the

temperature and time of extraction needed for maximal total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and

angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity differed greatly from solvent conditions and showed

the greatest alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The predominant free phenolics in the methanol

extracts included diosmin, thymol, and carvacrol, which varied greatly according to solvent extraction

conditions (i.e., time and temperature). Diosmin was the predominant bound phenolic compound of the

methanol extracts. The present study findings indicate that differing solvent extraction protocols

involving extraction time and temperature for ginger need to be explored to generate specific optimal

bioactivities of the extracts, which are related to the pattern of predominant phenolics in those extracts.

Source: DRYING TECHNOLOGY | : - NOV 21 2020

Title: Microparticles obtained by spray-drying technique containing ginger essential oil with the

addition of cellulose nanofibrils extracted from the ginger vegetable fiber

Author(s): de Souza, HB | Dessimoni, ALD | Ferreira, MLA | Botrel, DA | Borges, SV | Viana, LC | de

Oliveira, CR | Lago, AMT | Fernandes, RVD

Date:

Author keywords: Ginger fiber | gum Arabic | inulin | cellulose | spray drying

Keywords plus: ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE ROSCOE | ENCAPSULATION EFFICIENCY | D-

LIMONENE | MICROENCAPSULATION | GUM | INULIN | STABILITY | EMULSIONS | PROTEIN |

MALTODEXTRIN

Publication year:

Volume:

Abstract:

Página 88

The encapsulation capacity and the polymer blends containing gum Arabic (GA), inulin (IN), and

cellulose nanofibrils ginger (CNFG), extracted from the fibrous ginger residues, for the

microencapsulation of ginger essential oil by spray-drying technique were evaluated in this study. The

addition of CNFG improved the emulsifying properties of the formulations, with an increase in

Newtonian viscosity (mu); however, the partial substitution of GA by IN decreased the viscosity. The

higher IN levels increased the emulsion droplets in the formulations with and without the addition of

CNFG. In addition, the emulsion droplets with smaller size resulted in the formation of pulverized

droplets with smaller diameter. The presence of CNFG in the polymer blends exhibited similar

instantaneization times and provided greater oil retention of ginger essential oil by spray drying. The oil

retention in the formulation containing GA and CNFG was 12.23% higher than the formulation

containing only GA. Changes in the retention of the compounds of pure and microencapsulated ginger

essential oil were observed by GC-MS, all six major components remained in the final product, however

with some variations on the encapsulated essential oil profile.

Source: JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH | 46 (1): 691-695 2018

Title: The effect of phytogenics on growth traits, blood biochemical and intestinal histology in broiler

chickens exposed to Clostridium perfringens challenge

Author(s): Abudabos, AM | Alyemni, AH | Dafalla, YM | Khan, RU

Date: 2018

Author keywords: Antibiotic | broiler | Clostridium perfringens | phytobiotics

Keywords plus: EXPERIMENTALLY-INDUCED COCCIDIOSIS | GINGER ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE |

RELATIVE ORGAN WEIGHT | GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT | ANTIOXIDANT STATUS | CECAL

MICROFLORA | PERFORMANCE | MEAT | SALMONELLA | SANGUINARINE


Volume: 46

Abstract:

A total 560 day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) was randomly allocated to seven treatments (eight

replicates). Control (basal diet), T1, infected with Clostridium perfringens, T2, infected + Avilamycin

at the rate of 0.2 g/kg T3, infected + essential oil of thyme, T4, infected + Sanguinarine, T5, infected +

Anti-Salmonella phytobiotic, T6., infected + essential oils of thyme, anise and others (oregano, carvacol,

yucca extract and cinnamaldehyde). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly (P< 0.05) high in the

T2 during the third week. The dressing percentage decreased significantly (P< 0.05) and intestinal

weight increased (P< 0.05) in T1. Blood protein, and globulin increased significantly (P< 0.05) in birds in

T6 during fourth weeks, while blood alanine transaminase (ALT) increased significantly (P< 0.05) in T5.

Página 89

Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) increased significantly (P< 0.05) in T5 and T6.

Similarly, villus height and width increased significantly (P< 0.05) in T5 and T6. From the results of

the present study, it was concluded that different feed additives could be substituted with antibiotics in

the feed of broiler exposed to Clostridium perfringens challenge.

Source: BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL | 2016: - 2016

Title: Effects of Ginger Phenylpropanoids and Quercetin on Nrf2-ARE Pathway in Human BJ

Fibroblasts and HaCaT Keratinocytes

Author(s): Schadich, E | Hlavac, J | Volna, T | Varanasi, L | Hajduch, M | Dzubak, P

Date: 2016

Author keywords:

Keywords plus: S-TRANSFERASE P1-1 | ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE | SIGNALING PATHWAYS |

SKIN | EXPRESSION | ACTIVATION | GSTP1 | IDENTIFICATION | MECHANISMS | RADIATION


Volume: 2016

Abstract:

Quercetin and phenylpropanoids are well known chemoprotective compounds identified in many

plants. This study was aimed at determining their effects on activation of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-

related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant response element (Nrf2-ARE) signalling pathway and expression of

its important downstream effector phase II detoxification enzyme glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1)

in BJ foreskin fibroblasts and skin HaCaT keratinocytes. Cell lines and their corresponding Nrf2-ARE

luciferase reporter cells were treated by ginger phenylpropanoids and quercetin for 10 h and the level of

Nrf2 activity was subsequently determined. Both, ginger phenylpropanoids and quercetin, significantly

increased the level of Nrf2 activity. Subsequent western blot analyses of proteins showed the increased

expression level of glutathione-S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) in BJ cells but not in HaCaT cells. Such

phenomenon of unresponsive downstream target expression in HaCaT cells was consistent with

previous studies showing a constitutive expression of their GSTP1. Thus, while both ginger

phenylpropanoids and quercetin have the property of increasing the level of Nrf2 both in HaCaT and in

BJ cells, their effects on its downstream signalling were mediated only in BJ cells.

Source: SOLAR ENERGY | 136: 428-436 OCT 15 2016

Title: A salient reduction of energy consumption and drying time in a novel PV-solar collector-assisted

intermittent infrared dryer

Página 90

Author(s): Ziaforoughi, A | Esfahani, JA

Date: OCT 15 2016

Author keywords: Solar dryer | Intermittent infrared | Photovoltaic system | Energy reduction |

Drying time

Keywords plus: HEAT-PUMP DRYER | ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE | TEMPERATURE |

PERFORMANCE | RADIATION | PRODUCTS | KINETICS


Volume: 136

Abstract:

Drier systems, as one of the high energy consumption systems, undertake a considerable amount of the

energy consumption due to its wide applications in different industries such as agricultural process

industries. In the present study, a solar assisted intermittent infrared dryer powered with a photovoltaic

system has been built to investigate the effective parameters of dryer systems. Hence, the drying kinetic

and temperature history of potato slices are studied in the thicknesses of 3, 5 and 7 mm at temperatures

of 50, 60 and 70 degrees C. The obtained results are compared with the similar experiments of an

infrared intermittent dryer. The results reveal that there is a reduction in the electrical energy

consumption which is provided by a photovoltaic system in the range of minimum 40% to maximum

69%. In addition, a minimum 31% to maximum 52% salient reduction of the drying time has been

observed with respect to infrared intermittent dryer. Finally, it is suggested using an assisted dryer for

drying potatoes at the temperature of 50 degrees C. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Source: JOURNAL OF ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES | 11 (2): 278-285 MAY 2017

Title: Bio-Pesticides: New Tool for the Control of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Culicidae: Diptera)

in Pakistan

Author(s): Bilal, H | Sahar, S | Din, S

Date: MAY 2017

Author keywords: Mosquitoes | Plant extracts | Larvicide

Keywords plus: PETROLEUM ETHER EXTRACT | DENGUE VECTOR | MALARIAL VECTOR |

PLANT-EXTRACTS | MOSQUITO | FEVER


Volume: 11

Abstract:

Página 91

Background: Application of plant extracts as mosquito control strategy was practiced from centuries.

These are easily available, non-toxic, biodegradable and exhibit broad-spectrum target specific activities

against larval stages of mosquitoes. Method: Different potential parts of locally grown plants, seeds of

nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), peel of musambi (Citrus sinensis), leaves of babuna (Matricaria

chamomilla), mint (Mentha spicata) and ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale) selected and

evaluated for their larvicidal properties against Aedes (Stegomyis) albopictus. Oils were extracted

through steam distillation process and extracts were evaluated as per WHO 2005 guidelines for testing of

insecticides against larvae of mosquitoes. Result: Among the five plant extracts, C. sinensis had the

lowest LC50 (400.81ppm) while M. fragrans had the highest LC50 value (710.30ppm) respectively after

24h of exposure. In terms of % age mortality, a series of concentrations (300-800ppm) gave high %

mortality in case of C. sinensis while M. fragrans gave low % age mortality. Conclusion: All the five

plant species have larvicidal effects to certain extant and C. sinensis had great potential. Further small-

scale field trials with the extracts of the most promising one (C. sinensis) shall be conducted to

determine operational feasibility.

Source: PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS | 18 (4): 1211-1222 Sp. Iss. SI AUG 2019

Title: Drugs of plant origin from the "Carlo Erba" collection of the Botanical Museum in Portici "Orazio

Comes"

Author(s): Monaco, A | Chianese, G | Idolo, M

Date: AUG 2019

Author keywords: Anticancer effect | Chemical composition | Medicinal plants | Plant drugs

Keywords plus: ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE ROSCOE | ANTICANCER ACTIVITY | CANCER |

ANTIOXIDANT | APOPTOSIS | PHARMACOLOGY | EXTRACT


Volume: 18

Abstract:

The aim of this paper is to illustrate the origin and composition of a collection of 192 plant drugs, based

on archival documents from 1932 to 1940. This unique collection was produced in 1937 by the

pharmaceutical company "Carlo Erba" of Milan at the request of prof. Giuseppe Catalano, director of the

Botanical Institute in Portici. The 192 plant drugs, coming from almost all continents, belong to 78

botanical families among which the Asteraceae with 17 species and the Fabaceae with 15 species are the

most represented. Twenty-eight of them are classified as poisonous even if used for a long time in the

Italian and European pharmacopoeia. One hundred eleven plant samples from the collection were

already known as plant remedies and described in two ancient books in the Historical Library of the

Página 92

Orazio Comes Botanical Museum, dedicated to medicinal plants: the first dated 1585 and the second

dated 1712. Among the many plant species that make it up, 13 of them have been selected for their

anticancer effect which has either been known since long or is currently being studied.

Source: FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY | 109: 910-922 Part 2 NOV 2017

Title: Assessment of anti-cancerous potential of 6-gingerol (Tongling White Ginger) and its synergy with

drugs on human cervical adenocarcinoma cells

Author(s): Zhang, F | Zhang, JG | Qu, J | Zhang, Q | Prasad, C | Wei, ZJ

Date: NOV 2017

Author keywords: Tangling White Ginger | 6-Gingerol | Anti-cancerous activities | Combination

Keywords plus: ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE | CYCLE ARREST | IN-VITRO | ANTIINFLAMMATORY

ACTIVITIES | CHEMICAL-CONSTITUENTS | OXIDATIVE STRESS | APOPTOSIS | ANTIOXIDANT |

EXTRACTS | LINES


Volume: 109

Abstract:

The anti-cancerous activity of 6-gingerol extracted from Tongling White Ginger was investigated. 6-

Gingerol inhibited the growth of HeLa cells with IC50 (96.32 mu M) and IC80 (133.01 mu M) and led to

morphological changes, induced the cell cycle arrest in GO/G1-phase and ultimately resulted into

apoptosis. Among cell cycle-related genes and proteins, the expression of cyclin (A, D1, El) reduced, while

of CDK-1, p21 and p27 showed slight decrease, except cyclin B1 and El (protein). Western blotting

reported the induction of apoptosis with an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, release of cytochrome c, cleavage

of caspase-3,-8,-9 and PRPP in treated cells. 6-Gingerol activated AMPK, but inhibited PI3K/AKT

phosphorylation with reduced P70S6K expression and also suppressed the mTOR phosphorylation. 6-

Gingerol with 5-FU and Ptx resulted in 83.2% and 52% inhibition respectively, this synergy have

stimulated apoptosis proteins more efficiently as compared to 6-Gingerol alone (10.75%) under in vitro

conditions. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Source: JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH | : - FEB 25 2021

Title: The effect of rue (Ruta graveolens) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) extracts as antifouling

agents in silicone matrix coatings

Author(s): Zmozinski, AV | Peres, RS | Brust, FR | Macedo, AJ | Becker, EM | Napp, AP | de Brito, HA |

Página 93

Vainstein, MH | Schrank, A | Ferreira, CA

Date:

Author keywords: Antifouling | Silicone matrix | Rue | Ginger

Keywords plus:

Publication year:

Volume:

Abstract:

The use of rue extract and ginger oleoresin as natural antifouling agents in a silicone matrix was verified

in this work. C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (C-13 NMR) analysis identified a series of compounds

with bactericidal properties in the two investigated natural products. Thermogravimetric analyses

showed that the addition of rue extract and ginger oleoresin in the silicone matrix increased the thermal

stability of the formed films. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis showed that the presence

of both antifouling agents increases the velocity of water diffusion into the film, improving contact

between marine water and the two products. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms that both

antifouling agents were trapped inside the silicone matrix. Bacterial adhesion tests showed that rue

extract reduced the adhesion of gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, while ginger oleoresin did

not show any significant effect. Optical microscopy images demonstrated that the presence of rue extract

slightly increased the film's porosity without impairing the silicone hydrophobicity, while ginger

oleoresin significantly altered the film's morphology (reducing the water contact angle). Finally, the

sample containing rue extract showed excellent results against marine fouling after 6 months of

immersion in a real marine environment. The polymer containing ginger oleoresin showed satisfactory

results against marine fouling; however, the film showed adhesion failures after 6 months. [GRAPHICS] .

Source: PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH | 30 (10): 1584-1591 OCT 2016

Title: Herbal Medicines in Idiopathic Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: A Systematic Review

Author(s): Javan, R | Yousefi, M | Nazari, SM | Amiri, P | Mosavi-Jarrahi, A | Modiramani, P | Naghedi

-Baghdar, H

Date: OCT 2016

Author keywords: menorrhagia | idiopathic heavy menstrual bleeding | complementary therapies |

phytotherapy | herbal medicine

Keywords plus: GINGER ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE | ANTIOXIDANT | CLASSIFICATION |

POMEGRANATE | MANAGEMENT | CELLS | WOMEN | ACID

Página 94


Volume: 30

Abstract:

Idiopathic heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB; IHMB) is a common gynecological problem with no pelvic

pathology or general bleeding disorder. Herbal remedies are commonly used to treat HMB. This

systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of herbal preparations for the treatment

of IHMB. MEDLINE, Ovid, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from

inception to 23 August 2015. Only randomized controlled trials were considered. Three randomized

controlled trials were included in this systematic review. Different herbal preparations were used in the

included trials. In two studies, Ginger capsules and myrtle fruit syrup significantly reduced the

menstrual duration and blood loss compared with placebo based on the pictorial blood loss assessment

chart score (p<0.001, p=0.01). In another trial, Punica granatum flower capsules were as effective as

tranexamic acid capsules in reducing the mean (SD) pictorial blood loss assessment chart score, with no

significant difference between the two treatments (p=0.3). The results show that the methods used in

these trials may reduce menstrual bleeding in women with IHMB. Additional well-designed trials are

needed to investigate the safety and efficacy of herbs for the treatment of women with IHMB or other

forms of HMB.

Source: AGRONOMY JOURNAL | 113 (3): 2832-2845 MAY 2021

Title: Bamboo-based agroforestry system effects on soil fertility: Ginger performance in the bamboo

subcanopy in the Himalayas (India)

Author(s): Garima | Bhardwaj, DR | Thakur, CL | Kaushal, R | Sharma, P | Kumar, D | Kumari, Y

Date: MAY 2021

Author keywords:

Keywords plus: PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES | FARMYARD MANURE | CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES |

QUALITY | GROWTH | KERALA | YIELD


Volume: 113

Abstract:

An on-farm bamboo intercropping study was conducted near Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India. It uses a

split-plot design with two bamboo species (Dendrocalamus asper and Dendrocalamus

hamiltonii) and an open field condition as main plots, under which ginger (Zingiber officinale) was

grown at five nutrient levels supplied through chemical fertilizers and organic sources (subplots). In the

Página 95

intercropping with bamboo species, ginger yield increased by 10.5-15.6% in comparison to the open field

condition. Application of farmyard manure (FYM) based on N equivalent ratio showed the best (P

<= .05) yield response of ginger (rhizome length, 7.65 cm; yield, 4,028 kg ha(-1)). Photoactive radiation

was reduced by 60% under the bamboo canopy. Simultaneously, higher soil moisture (%) content was

noticed for D. asper. Various soil physico-chemical properties (top 0-15 cm) were significantly higher in

the FYM treatment under D. asper than under D. hamiltonii or sole ginger cropping. Maximum

returns (3,595.67 US$ ha(-1) yr(-1)) were realized when the ginger crop was raised under the canopy of

D. asper and supplied with FYM on N equivalent ratio + plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Overall,

the results establish that ginger production in the northwest Himalayan region of India is a viable use of

land resources for improved economic returns.

Source: PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH | 35 (2): 864-876 FEB 2021

Title: Natural products forCOVID-19 prevention and treatment regarding to previous coronavirus

infections and novel studies

Author(s): Boozari, M | Hosseinzadeh, H

Date: FEB 2021

Author keywords: 3CL(pro)inhibitors | ACE2 | coronavirus | COVID-19 | natural products | PL(pro)

inhibitors

Keywords plus: RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS | PAPAIN-LIKE PROTEASE | SARS-

COV 3CL(PRO) | ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITIES | ISATIN DERIVATIVES | INHIBITION |

IDENTIFICATION | BIFLAVONOIDS | SILVESTROL | VIRUS


Volume: 35

Abstract:

Recently, the novel life-threatening coronavirus infection (COVID-19) was reported at the end of 2019 in

Wuhan, China, and spread throughout the world in little time. The effective antiviral activities of natural

products have been proved in different studies. In this review, regarding the effective herbal treatments

on other coronavirus infections, promising natural products for COVID-19 treatment are suggested. An

extensive search in Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, ISI, and Scopus was done with search

words include coronavirus, COVID-19, SARS, MERS, natural product, herb, plant, and extract. The

consumption of herbal medicine such as Allium sativum, Camellia sinensis, Zingiber officinale,

Nigella sativa, Echinacea spp. Hypericum perforatum, and Glycyrrhiza glabra, Scutellaria

baicalensis can improve the immune response. It seems that different types of terpenoids have

promising effects in viral replication inhibition and could be introduced for future studies. Additionally,

Página 96

some alkaloid structures such as homoharringtonine, lycorine, and emetine have strong anti-coronavirus

effects. Natural products can inhibit different coronavirus targets such as S protein (emodin, baicalin)

and viral enzymes replication such as 3CL(pro)(Iguesterin), PLpro(Cryptotanshinone), helicase

(Silvestrol), and RdRp (Sotetsuflavone). Based on previous studies, natural products can be introduced

as preventive and therapeutic agents in the fight against coronavirus.

Source: FOOD CONTROL | 84: 312-320 FEB 2018

Title: Antimicrobial and antioxidant efficiency of nanoemulsion-based edible coating containing ginger

(Zingiber officinale) essential oil and its effect on safety and quality attributes of chicken breast fillets

Author(s): Noori, S | Zeynali, F | Almasi, H

Date: FEB 2018

Author keywords: Chicken breast | Edible coating | Ginger essential oil | Nanoemulsion | Shelf life

extension

Keywords plus: SODIUM CASEINATE | SHELF-LIFE | PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION

| CHITOSAN FILMS | MEAT-PRODUCTS | GREEN BEANS | FORMULATION | SYSTEMS |

OPTIMIZATION | PRESERVATION


Volume: 84

Abstract:

Nanoemulsion-based edible sodium caseinate coating containing ginger essential oil (GEO) (3 and 6%

wt) was applied onto chicken breast fillet to extend its shelf life. GC-MS analysis showed that the most

components of GEO were alpha-zingiberene (24.96%) and then beta-sesquiphellandrene (12.74%).

Comparison between conventional emulsion and nanoemulsion-based coatings was applied by particle

size, polydispersity index and zeta-potential analyses. Antibacterial potential of active coatings was more

than their antioxidant activity and it was significantly (p < 0.05) increased when nanoemulsion was

fabricated. Nanoemulsion based edible coatings with 6% of GEO nanoemulsion caused to significant

decrease. of total aerobic psychrophilic bacteria of refrigerated chicken fillets during 12 days. The effect

of GEO on TBARS levels of fillets was not significant. The lowest color difference and cooking loss were

obtained for nanoemulsion coated samples. The highest total acceptance was recorded for coated fillets

with 6% of GEO nanoemulsion during storage. Generally the GEO nanoemulsion was more effective than

its conventional emulsion in extending the durability of chicken breast fillets. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All

rights reserved.

Source: ANDROLOGIA | 52 (7): - AUG 2020

Página 97

Title: The protective effect of cinnamon and ginger hydro-alcoholic extract on carbon tetrachloride-

induced testicular damage in rats

Author(s): Mazani, M | Ojarudi, M | Banaei, S | Salimnejad, R | Latifi, M | Azizi, H | Rezagholizadeh, L

Date: AUG 2020

Author keywords: CCl4 | cinnamon | ginger | oxidative stress | testis

Keywords plus: ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE | STRESS | INJURY


Volume: 52

Abstract:

Sexual dysfunction of men is one of the most serious problems in human society. This study aimed to

evaluate the protective effect of cinnamon and ginger extract on testicular damages induced by carbon

tetrachloride (CCl4). Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 6): 1. Normal

control; 2. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4); 3. CCl4 + Cinnamon; 4. CCl4 + Ginger; 5. CCl4 + Cinnamon and

Ginger; and 6. Cinnamon + Ginger. CCl4 (1 ml/kg) was injected intraperitoneally on the 14th day, and

cinnamon (50 mg/kg, orally) and ginger (250 mg/kg, orally) were administered daily for 14 days. Fifty

hours after the CCl4 injection, the testicles and epididymis were separated and examined as to

histological alterations and oxidative stress markers. CCl4 significantly increased malondialdehyde level

and decreased total antioxidant capacity when compared to the normal control group (p < .05). In

addition, degenerative alterations in the testicular and epididymal tissue were observed in CCl4 group.

The pre-treatment with ginger and cinnamon extract significantly improved these parameters when

compared to the CCl4 group (p < .05). The results of this study indicated that co-treatment of ginger and

cinnamon reduces the damages induced by CCl4 in testicular tissue by increasing antioxidant capacity

and reducing lipid peroxidation.

Source: PARASITOLOGY | 147 (14): 1689-1699 DEC 2020

Title: Antiparasitic effects of ethanolic extracts of Piper arboreum and Jatropha gossypiifolia

leaves on cercariae and adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni

Author(s): Alves, RRD | Rodrigues, JGM | Teles-Reis, A | Nogueira, RA | Lica, ICL | Lira, MGS | Alves,

RD | Silva-Souza, N | Andrade, TDAD | Miranda, GS

Date: DEC 2020

Author keywords: Morphological damage | plant extracts | schistosomiasis | secondary metabolites |

treatment

Keywords plus: IN-VITRO | ESSENTIAL OIL | ANTILEISHMANIAL ACTIVITIES |

Página 98

ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY | ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE | NATURAL-PRODUCTS | GOSSYPIFOLIA L. |

PRAZIQUANTEL | VIVO | PLANTS


Volume: 147

Abstract:

New treatment strategies for schistosomiasis should be evaluated, since resistant strains to the only

available drug, Praziquantel, have already been described. Thus, we demonstrated antiparasitic effects of

ethanolic extracts of Jatropha gossypiifolia and Piper arboreum on cercariae and adult worms of

Schistosoma mansoni. The bioassays were performed at 0-10 000 mu g mL(-1) concentration for 0-

72 h. Adult worms were stained with carmine to assess external and internal damage. The chemical

screening was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography. P. arboreum displayed the

best cercaricidal effect, with a 100% reduction in viability in just 60 min. The extract of J. gossypiifolia

was more effective against adult worms, with 100% viability reduction of male and female worms after 12

and 24 h, respectively. P. arboreum and J. gossypiifolia were equally effective in inhibiting the

oviposition of S. mansoni (93% reduction) and causing damage to internal and external structures in

adult worms. Flavonoids were identified in both the extracts and phenolic compounds and amides only

in P. arboreum. Thus, for the first time, it was proven that ethanolic extracts of P. arboreum and J.

gossypiifolia leaves are biologically active against cercariae and adult worms of S. mansoni in vitro.

Source: JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE | 98 (15): 5632-5638 DEC 2018

Title: Biochemical composition and antioxidant activity affected by spraying potassium sulfate in black

grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Rasha)

Author(s): Zareei, E | Javadi, T | Aryal, R

Date: DEC 2018

Author keywords: TAA | potassium sulfate | phenol | PPO | grape

Keywords plus: ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE ROSCOE | PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS | FRUIT-QUALITY |

DNA-DAMAGE | FERTILIZATION | ANTHOCYANINS | FLAVONOIDS | CULTIVARS | PLANTS |

VARIETIES


Volume: 98

Abstract:

BACKGROUND The physiological and metabolic processes involved with grapevine growth and

Página 99

production are influenced by key macro- and micronutrients. Potassium is an essential plant nutrient

that affects growth and fruit quality. In this study, the impact of foliar spraying of potassium sulfate

(K2SO4) on qualitative characteristics of grape berries was evaluated in the cultivar 'Rasha', a commonly

cultivated cultivar in Kurdistan province of Iran. Leaves of the fully grown vines were sprayed with each

of the 1.5 and 3 g L-1 K2SO4 solutions once (1 month after petal senescence) and twice (15 days after first

spraying). The control plants were sprayed with distilled water. Various biochemical contents and

enzyme activities on the ripe berries were analyzed. RESULTS CONCLUSION Significant increases in

anthocyanin, total protein content, and antioxidant enzyme activities were observed in the berries

treated twice with 3 g L-1 K2SO4. Concentrations of total carbohydrate, phenol, and antioxidant activity

in berries sprayed with K2SO4 were higher than in the controls. We observed a strong correlation

between antioxidant activity and different phenolic compounds. These findings suggest that K2SO4

treatment influences biosynthesis of phenolic compounds and antioxidant enzymes. Thus, treatment by

K2SO4 could improve nutritional and qualitative attributes of grape. (c) 2018 Society of Chemical

Industry

Source: ONCOTARGET | 8 (42): 72260-72271 SEP 22 2017

Title: [10]-gingerol induces apoptosis and inhibits metastatic dissemination of triple negative breast

cancer in vivo

Author(s): Martin, ACBM | Fuzer, AM | Becceneri, AB | da Silva, JA | Tomasin, R | Denoyer, D | Kim,

SH | McIntyre, KA | Pearson, HB | Yeo, B | Nagpal, A | Ling, XW | Selistre-de-Araujo, HS | Vieira, PC |

Cominetti, MR | Pouliot, N

Date: SEP 22 2017

Author keywords: gingerol | breast cancer | cell cycle | apoptosis | animal models

Keywords plus: BRAIN METASTASES | RISK-FACTORS | GINGER ROOT | CELLS | TUMOR |

CHEMOTHERAPY | 10-GINGEROL | DISEASE | SURVIVAL | BONE


Volume: 8

Abstract:

There is increasing interest in the use of non-toxic natural products for the treatment of various

pathologies, including cancer. In particular, biologically active constituents of the ginger oleoresin

(Zingiber officinale Roscoe) have been shown to mediate anti-tumour activity and to contribute to the

anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiemetic properties of ginger. Here we report on

the inhibitory properties of [10]-gingerol against metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) in vitro

and in vivo. We show that [10]-gingerol concentration-dependently induces apoptotic death in mouse

Página 100

and human TNBC cell lines in vitro. In addition, [10]-gingerol is well tolerated in vivo, induces a marked

increase in caspase-3 activation and inhibits orthotopic tumour growth in a syngeneic mouse model of

spontaneous breast cancer metastasis. Importantly, using both spontaneous and experimental

metastasis assays, we show for the first time that [10]-gingerol significantly inhibits metastasis to

multiple organs including lung, bone and brain. Remarkably, inhibition of brain metastasis was observed

even when treatment was initiated after surgical removal of the primary tumour. Taken together, these

results indicate that [10]-gingerol may be a safe and useful complementary therapy for the treatment of

metastatic breast cancer and warrant further investigation of its efficacy, either alone or in combination

with standard systemic therapies, in pre-clinical models of metastatic breast cancer and in patients.

Source: FOOD BIOSCIENCE | 37: - OCT 2020

Title: Encapsulation of ginger oil in alginate-based shell materials

Author(s): Atencio, S | Maestro, A | Santamaria, E | Gutierrez, JM | Gonzalez, C

Date: OCT 2020

Author keywords: Ginger oil | Zingiber officinale | Encapsulation | Alginate | Kappa-carrageenan |

Chitosan

Keywords plus: KENAF SEED OIL | MICROENCAPSULATION | CARRAGEENAN | GELATION |

CALCIUM | MICROSPHERES | SURVIVAL | EXTRACT | STORAGE | SODIUM


Volume: 37

Abstract:

Hydrogels consisting of a blend of sodium alginate and kappa-carrageenan aqueous solutions were

prepared using Ca2+ as the gelling agent in a shell material formulation for encapsulation of food-grade

ginger oil. A preliminary study on the rheological and textural behavior of two hydrogels prepared from

(1) alginate water solution and (2) alginate blended with kappa-carrageenan in water showed that the

latter produced gels with higher values of elastic and viscous moduli and gel strength, related to added

mechanical rigidity. In the encapsulation of ginger oil, 4 formulations of shell material were prepared

from 1% w/w alginate solution and from the blend of 1% w/w alginate solution with 1.5% w/w kappa-

carrageenan (at 80:20 v/v ratio) with and without incubation in a 0.1 w/w chitosan solution as a final

coating in a two-stage capsule hardening procedure. The ability of the formulated shell materials to

protect the encapsulated ginger oil from oxidative degradation was measured using both primary and

secondary oxidation products using peroxide value, p-anisidine value, and thiobarbituric acid reactive

substances. Encapsulated ginger oil gave lower values of the oxidation products compared to

unencapsulated. Moreover, the ginger oil extracted from capsules with alginate and kappa-carrageenan,

Página 101

along with chitosan as the final coating, showed the lowest content of oxidation products throughout the

storage period, suggesting a better protection of ginger oil.

Source: ANDROLOGIA | 49 (10): - DEC 2017

Title: 6-Gingerol-rich fraction prevents disruption of histomorphometry and marker enzymes of

testicular function in carbendazim-treated rats

Author(s): Salihu, M | Ajayi, BO | Adedara, IA | Farombi, EO

Date: DEC 2017

Author keywords: 6-gingerol-rich fraction | carbendazim | histomorphometry | marker enzymes |

reproductive toxicity

Keywords plus: ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE | DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY | TESTIS

MORPHOMETRY | OXIDATIVE DAMAGE | SPERMATOGENESIS | CELLS | SUPPLEMENTATION |

FERTILITY | KOLAVIRON | COLITIS


Volume: 49

Abstract:

Previous investigations demonstrated that 6-gingerol-rich fraction (6-GRF) prevented testicular toxicity

via inhibition of oxidative stress and endocrine disruption in CBZ-treated rats. The influence of 6-GRF

on alterations in histomorphometry and marker enzymes of testicular function in CBZ-treated rats which

hitherto has not been reported was investigated in this study. The animals were orally administered

either CBZ (50mg/kg) alone or in combination with 6-GRF (50, 100 and 200mg/kg) for 14 consecutive

days. Histomorphormetric analysis demonstrated that 6-GRF significantly prevented CBZ-mediated

increase in the organo-somatic index of the testes and seminiferous tubular diameter as well as the

reduction in epithelium height and tubular length of testes in the rats. Similarly, 6-GRF ameliorated CBZ

-induced disruption in the epithelium height as well as in the proportion of tubule and interstitium of the

epididymis the treated rats. Furthermore, 6-GRF prevented CBZ-mediated increase in testicular acid

phosphatase activity and the decrease in testicular alkaline phosphatase, aminotransferases, glucose-6-

phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase activities. Moreover, 6-GRF ameliorated CBZ-

induced reduction in the testicular and epididymal sperm count and sperm motility in the treated rats.

Conclusively, 6-GRF enhances key functional enzymes involve in spermatogenesis and maintains histo-

architecture of testes and epididymis in CBZ-treated rats.

Source: FOOD & FUNCTION | 12 (2): 519-542 JAN 21 2021

Página 102

Title: A recent update on the multifaceted health benefits associated with ginger and its bioactive

components

Author(s): Ma, RH | Ni, ZJ | Zhu, YY | Thakur, K | Zhang, F | Zhang, YY | Hu, F | Zhang, JG | Wei, ZJ

Date: JAN 21 2021

Author keywords:

Keywords plus:


Volume: 12

Abstract:

Due to recent lifestyle shifts and health discernments among consumers, synthetic drugs are facing the

challenge of controlling disease development and progression. Various medicinal plants and their

constituents are recognized for their imminent role in disease management via modulation of biological

activities. At present, research scholars have diverted their attention on natural bioactive entities with

health-boosting perception to combat the lifestyle-related disarrays. In particular, Zingiber officinale

is a medicinal herb that has been commonly used in food and pharmaceutical products. Its detailed

chemical composition and high value-added active components have been extensively studied. In this

review, we have summarized the pharmacological potential of this well-endowed chemo preventive

agent. It was revealed that its functionalities are attributed to several inherent chemical constituents,

including 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 6-hydroshogaol, and oleoresin, which were

established through many studies (in vitro, in vivo, and cell lines). In this review, we also focused on the

therapeutic effects of ginger and its constituents for their effective antioxidant properties. Their

consumption may reduce or delay the progression of related diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and

obesity, via modulation of genetic and metabolic activities. The updated data could elucidate the

relationship of the extraction processes with the constituents and biological manifestations. We have

collated the current knowledge (including the latest clinical data) about the bioactive compounds and

bioactivities of ginger. Their detailed mechanisms, which can lay foundation for their food and medical

applications are also discussed.

Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE | 16: 3293-3315 2021

Title: Current Advances in the Use of Nanophytomedicine Therapies for Human Cardiovascular

Diseases

Author(s): Hesari, M | Mohammadi, P | Khademi, F | Shackebaei, D | Momtaz, S | Moasefi, N | Farzaei,

MH | Abdollahi, M

Página 103

Date: 2021

Author keywords: cardiovascular diseases | medicinal plants | natural products | nanoformulation |

nanoparticles

Keywords plus: SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES | ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-ISCHEMIA | INDUCED

OXIDATIVE STRESS | INDUCED CARDIAC TOXICITY | DOXORUBICIN-INDUCED

CARDIOTOXICITY | GINGER ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE | DRACOCEPHALUM-MOLDAVICA L. |

GINKGO-BILOBA EXTRACT | IN-VITRO | NATURAL-PRODUCTS


Volume: 16

Abstract:

Considering the high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the primary cause of death during

the last several decades, it is necessary to develop proper strategies for the prevention and treatment of

CVDs. Given the excessive side effects of current therapies, alternative therapeutic approaches like

medicinal plants and natural products are preferred. Lower toxicity, chemical diversity, cost-

effectiveness, and proven therapeutic potentials make natural products superior compared to other

products. Nanoformulation methods improve the solubility, bioavailability, circulation time, surface area

-to-volume ratio, systemic adverse side effects, and drug delivery efficiency of these medications. This

study intended to review the functionality of the most recent nanoformulated medicinal plants and/ or

natural products against various cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis,

thrombosis, and myocardial infarction. Literature review revealed that curcumin, quercetin, and

resveratrol were the most applied natural products, respectively. Combination therapy, conjugation, or

fabrication of nanoparticles and nanocarriers improved the applications and therapeutic efficacy of

herbal- or natural-based nanoformulations. In the context of CVDs prevention and/or treatment,

available data suggest that natural-based nanoformulations are considerably efficient, alone or in blend

with other herbal/synthetic medicines. However, clinical trials are mandatory to elucidate the safety,

cardioprotective effect, and mechanism of actions of nanophytomedicines.

Source: ANIMAL NUTRITION | 5 (4): 407-409 DEC 2019

Title: Ginger extract enhances antioxidant ability and immunity of layers

Author(s): An, SY | Liu, GZ | Guo, X | An, YH | Wang, RY

Date: DEC 2019

Author keywords: Antioxidant ability | Immunity | Ginger extract | Layers | Prostaglandin E-2

Keywords plus: ROOT ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE | GROWTH-PERFORMANCE | SERUM

Página 104

METABOLITES


Volume: 5

Abstract:

This experiment was to investigate ginger extract on production performance, antioxidant ability and

immunity of laying hens. A total of 600 Hy-Line brown laying hens aged at 25 wk old were randomly

divided into 2 treatments, 4 replicates per treatment, 75 layers each replicate. The control group hens

were fed a basal diet; the experimental group hens were fed basal diets with 0.1% ginger extract. The

results were shown as follows: 1) ginger extract significantly enhanced laying rates (P < 0.05) and daily

egg weight (P < 0.05), substantially reduced the ratio of feed to egg (P < 0.05) of the hens; 2) ginger

extract did not change the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and total antioxidant capacity

(TAOC) but significantly improved plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (P < 0.05), reduced

malondialdehyde (MDA) content (P < 0.05) of the birds; 3) ginger extract did not affect the contents of

serum total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), but significantly increased lysozyme (LZM)

activity (P < 0.05); 4) ginger extract also significantly reduced plasma prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2))

content (P < 0.05). This study shows that ginger extract not only can improve the birds' antioxidant

capacity, enhance immune function, but also has a potential of reducing inflammatory response. (C)

2019, Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine. Production and hosting by

Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.

Source: IET NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY | 12 (8): 1084-1089 DEC 2018

Title: Biogenically engineered nanoparticles inhibit Fusarium oxysporum causing soft-rot of ginger

Author(s): Athawale, V | Paralikar, P | Ingle, AP | Rai, M

Date: DEC 2018

Author keywords: nanoparticles | biotechnology | microorganisms | toxicology | mass spectroscopic

chemical analysis | antibacterial activity | plant diseases | fusarium oxysporum | sulphur nanoparticles | f

| oxysporum | soil samples | bavistin demonstrated maximum inhibition | biogenically engineered

nanoparticles | ginger soft-rot | chitosan nanoparticles | ridomil gold

Keywords plus: SULFUR NANOPARTICLES | COPPER NANOPARTICLES


Volume: 12

Abstract:

Página 105

Soft-rot of ginger (Zingiber officinale) is the most important disease usually caused by Fusarium

oxysporum (F. oxysporum) leading to significant yield loss. In this study, chitosan, copper and

sulphur nanoparticles synthesised from leaf extract of selected plants were screened against two isolates

of F. oxysporum recovered from the infected rhizome of ginger and soil samples. Moreover, among

these, sulphur nanoparticles showed maximum inhibition of F. oxysporum isolated from soil samples

(ZOI=12.33mm) followed by copper (ZOI=>12mm) and chitosan nanoparticles (ZOI=>9mm). Similarly,

in the case of F. oxysporum isolated from infected ginger, sulphur nanoparticles showed maximum

inhibition (ZOI=13.33) as compared to copper (ZOI=>11mm) and chitosan nanoparticles (ZOI=>9mm).

Considering the high efficacy, sulphur nanoparticles were further evaluated in combination with

commercial fungicides, viz., bavistin, ridomil gold, sunflex and streptocycline. The combination of

sulphur nanoparticles with bavistin demonstrated maximum inhibition (ZOI=45.16mm, MIC -20 mu g/

ml), whereas the minimum inhibition was shown by its combination with ridomil gold (ZOI=10.5mm,

MIC -40 mu g/ml). Therefore, it can be concluded that the combination of sulphur nanoparticles with

bavistin can be used for effective and eco-friendly management of F. oxysporum causing soft-rot of

ginger.

Source: PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY | 57 (1): 498-506 JAN 1 2019

Title: A review on charred traditional Chinese herbs: carbonization to yield a haemostatic effect

Author(s): Chen, Z | Ye, SY | Yang, Y | Li, ZY

Date: JAN 1 2019

Author keywords: Charcoal drug | carbon dots | traditional Chinese medicine

Keywords plus: GINGER ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE | GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS | CARBON

DOTS | POLLEN-TYPHAE | NANODOTS | BIOACTIVITY | EXPRESSION | FLAVONOIDS |

PRODUCTS


Volume: 57

Abstract:

Context: Charcoal of Chinese drugs is a kind of special processing product in Chinese medicine and used

for treatment of haemoptysis, hematemesis and haemorrhage in the clinic during ancient times. During

carbonizing, significant changes occur in chemical constituents and the efficacy of haemostasis will be

enhanced. But the quality control standard of 'carbonizing retains characteristics' should be followed.

Objective: This review introduces the typical methods of carbonizing, which highlight current research

progress on haemostatic substances of charcoal drugs so as to provide a reasonable explanation for the

theory of haemostasis treated by charcoal medicine. Methods: English and Chinese literature from 2004

Página 106

to 2019 was collected from databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier and CNKI (Chinese).

Charcoal drug, chemical constituents, processing, haemostasis and carbon dots were used as the key

words. Results: Charcoal drugs mainly play a haemostatic role and the effect can be classified into four

types to stop bleeding: removing blood stasis, cooling blood, warming meridians and astringing. Changes

in composition lead to changes in pharmacodynamics. Carbonizing methods and basic research on

haemostasis material in charcoal drugs have also been summarized. Conclusions: This review

summarizes the classification of charcoal drugs and highlights the possible material bases for the

haemostatic effect of charcoal drugs in recent years, providing new insights to future research.

Source: RENEWABLE ENERGY | 168: 815-828 MAY 2021

Title: Techno-economical and energy analysis of sunflower oil biodiesel synthesis assisted with waste

ginger leaves derived catalysts

Author(s): John, M | Abdullah, MO | Hua, TY | Nolasco-Hipolito, C

Date: MAY 2021

Author keywords: Biodiesel | Heterogeneous catalyst | Ginger leaves | Sunflower oil | Renewable

energy-yield ratio | Sustainable economy

Keywords plus:


Volume: 168

Abstract:

The present study was carried out to investigate biodiesel production via transesterification of sunflower

oil employing heterogeneous catalyst derived from indigenous ginger (Zingiber Officinale) leaves. It

also aims to compare the techno-economy performance of the ginger-based catalysts in 3 different forms

viz. calcinated (CGL), activated by KOH (KGL) and NaOH (NGL). The plant-based catalysts were

characterised by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Fourier

transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The parametric effects on the biodiesel production such as

reaction time, methanol to oil ratio and catalyst loading were investigated. The experimental result shows

that 1.6 wt % catalyst, 6:1 M ratio of alcohol to oil, 1 h 30 min of reaction time with a speed of 200 rpm

gave the best results. It was found that the KGL obtained highest biodiesel yield of 93.83% under

optimum conditions. Subsequently, the specific energy and energy productivity of KGL catalyst was

found to be 1.2728, 26.1544 MJ/ kg and 0.0382 kg/MJ, respectively, per 1 L of biodiesel. Meanwhile, the

renewable energy to nonrenewable energy ratio for CGL, KGL and NGL is found to be 3.17, 4.01 and 3.67,

respectively. A higher sustainable renewable energy-yield ratio and overall economical profit cost ratio

are preferable for the biodiesel production process. (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Página 107

COMPOSICIÓN FARMACÉUTICA A BASE DE MATERIAS PRIMAS VEGETALES

RESUMEN

Una composición farmacéutica que contiene polvo seco de agujas de pino (Pinus) y cáscaras y

huesos secos de extracto de uva y aditivo farmacéuticamente aceptable, extractos secos de

jengibre ( Zingiber officinale ), té verde (Camellia sinensis), jengibre amarillo

(Curcuma longa), mostaza amarilla (Brassica hirta) semillas, pimienta blanca, corteza de

granada (Punica granatum) y polvo seco de jugo de granada (Punica granatum).

N° DE PUBLICACIÓN US11083764

FECHA DE PUBLICACIÓN 10/08/2021

INVENTORES OREN BABRY

SOLICITANTE OREN BABRY

Página 108

V. TECNOLOGÍA ASOCIADA

COMPOSICIONES DE BIOPESTICIDAS QUE COMPRENDEN EXTRACTOS

VEGETALES Y SU USO FITOSANITARIO

RESUMEN

Una composición de bioplaguicida que comprende un núcleo bioactivo sinérgico que consta de

aceite esencial, oleorresina, extracto acuoso, alcohólico o hidroalcohólico de raíz o rizomas

de Zingiber officinale Roscoe y cinamaldehído o fuente de cinamaldehído. Dicha

composición puede contener al menos un componente secundario y / o sustancias inertes. La

presente invención también se refiere al método para su obtención, así como a su uso en

agricultura, parques e instalaciones deportivas contra plagas pertenecientes al grupo de la

mosca blanca.

N° DE PUBLICACIÓN WO2021148684 (A1)


INVENTORES

GARCIA MORENO FÉLIX [ES]; REMESAL

GONZÁLEZ EFRÉN [ES]; JULIO TORRES LUIS

FERNANDO [ES]; SANTANA MÉRIDAS OMAR

[ES]; MARTÍN BEJERANO MARÍA

[ES]; GIMÉNEZ GARCÍA SALVADOR [ES]

SOLICITANTE KIMITEC BIOGROUP SL [ES]

Página 109

COMPOSICIÓN HERBARIA PARA INHIBIR LA METÁSTASIS CELULAR DE

MELANOMA Y SU MÉTODO DE FABRICACIÓN

RESUMEN

La presente invención se refiere a una composición de medicina herbal china que se prepara a

partir de una materia prima que comprende la siguiente proporción: 1 parte en peso de Lilium

brownii var. viridulum, 5 partes en peso de Houttuynia cordata, 2 partes en peso de

Atractylodes macrocephala, 2 partes en peso de Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf., 1 parte en

peso de Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, 3 partes en peso de Adenophora morrisonensis, 2 partes

en peso de Semen Astragali Complanati, 0,5 partes en peso de Zingiber officinale, 5

partes en peso de Tribulus terrestris, 3 partes en peso de Pogostemon cablin, 0,5 partes

en peso de Ziziphus jujuba y 0,1 partes en peso de Dimocarpus longan. La invención

también se refiere a un método para usar la composición de hierbas para inhibir la metástasis

de células de melanoma. La invención también se refiere a un proceso para la preparación de la

composición de hierbas.

N° DE PUBLICACIÓN US2021205402 (A1)


INVENTORES LEE CHIH-CHEN [TW]

SOLICITANTE ST LOTUS BIOTECH CORP [TW]

Página 110

MÉTODOS Y COMPOSICIONES PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DEL CÁNCER DE

PULMÓN DE CÉLULAS NO PEQUEÑAS

RESUMEN

La presente invención está dirigida a métodos y composiciones terapéuticas para tratar el

cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas en un sujeto, que comprenden administrar una

cantidad eficaz de un extracto o polvo de una mezcla de hierbas, opcionalmente con un agente

anticanceroso a dicho sujeto. La mezcla de hierbas comprende un componente de al menos una

especie de cada género Astragalus, Cimicifuga foetida rhizoma, Ophiopogon radix,

Atractylodes lancea rhizoma, Panax ginseng-Red, Atractylodes rhizoma-White, Massa

medicata fermentata, Citrus reticulata-Viride, Citrus reticulata , Glycyrrhiza radix,

Schisandra fructus, Angelica sinensis radix, Phellodendron cortex, Alisma rhizoma,

Pueraria radix, Ziziphus fructus-Red y Zingiber officinale radix.



INVENTOR HUANG TSE-HUNG [TW]; HUANG CHI-YING [TW]; HSU

HSUAN-MIN [TW]; LIN KUAN-TING [TW]

SOLICITANTE CHANG GUNG MEDICAL ENCONTRÓ KEELUNG CHANG

GUNG MEMORIAL HOSPITAL [TW]

Página 111

COMPOSICIONES ÚTILES EN LA PREVENCIÓN Y / O TRATAMIENTO DE

INFLAMACIONES Y DOLORES

RESUMEN

Se describen composiciones que comprenden: a) un extracto de Curcuma longa, curcumina

o curcumina complejada con fosfolípidos; b) un extracto lipofílico de Zingiber officinale ; y

c) un extracto lipofílico obtenido de plantas que contienen isobutilamidas de ácidos grasos

poliinsaturados seleccionados del grupo que consiste en Echinacea spp. extracto,

Zanthoxylum spp. extracto y extracto de Acmella oleracea (Spilanthes oleracea)



INVENTORES BOMBARDELLI EZIO [IT]

SOLICITANTE INDENA SPA [IT]

Página 112

PRODUCTO BIOLÓGICAMENTE ACTIVO CON COMPLEJO PROBIÓTICO

COMBINADO CON PREBIÓTICOS, PECTINAS Y COMPLEJO VITAMINICO

RESUMEN

Producto biológicamente activo con complejo probiótico, combinado con prebiótico, pectina y

complejo vitamínico, que contiene los siguientes componentes: 1. Complejo probiótico:

realización 1: Lactobacillus delbrueckii subespecie bulgaricus, Streptococcus salivarius

ssp. Thermophilus, Lactobacillus casei subsp. Casei, Lactobacillus reuteri, 2. Inulina

prebiótica - 4.16-10.45 3. Fructosa - 42.4-58.4 4. Pectina pura de manzana - pectina altamente

esterificada - 12.5-13.9 5. Pectina cítrica - 16.6-17.6; 6. Vitamina C (ácido L-ascórbico) - 0.69-

0.83 7. Vitamina D3 (Vitamina D3 - 0.00004-0.000052 8. Vitamina K2 - 0.0006-0.00004 9.

Zinc - 0.08 - 0.07 10. Selenio - 0.00029-0.00024 11. extracto de Jengibre (Extraer Zingiber

officinale ) - 0.83-1.39 12. Extracto de cúrcuma (Extracto de Curcuma longa) - también

llamado curcumina - 0.83-1.04 13. Extracto de equinácea (Extracto de equinácea) - 1.66-2.09

14. Sabor - Aroma natural de manzana - 0.000005-0.000015. .

N° DE PUBLICACIÓN BG4020 (U1)


INVENTORES KIRCHEV DIMITAR

SOLICITANTE MEDIKOFARM K EOOD [BG]

Página 113

COMPOSICIONES DE UNA MEDICINA HERBARIA PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DEL

DENGUE Y SU PRODUCCIÓN

RESUMEN

Esta invención se refiere a composiciones de medicamentos a base de hierbas para el

tratamiento del dengue y su producción. Las composiciones de hierbas medicinales consisten

en hojas secas y finamente pulverizadas de Lagerstroemia speciosa; partes aéreas secas y

finamente pulverizadas de Euphorbia hirta; rizoma de Zingiber officinale seco y

finamente pulverizado ; y una combinación de dosis fija de los tres. En otra versión de la

formulación, se utilizó en su lugar el extracto acuoso, etanólico, metanólico o hidroalcohólico

secado por aspersión de las plantas mencionadas.

N° DE PUBLICACIÓN PH12019000387 (A1)


INVENTORES ALVERO RITA GRACE Y [PH]

SOLICITANTE DE LA SALLE CIENCIAS MÉDICAS Y DE LA SALUD

INST DLSMHSI [PH]; PHARMALYTICS CORP [PH]

Página 114

PREPARACIÓN DE PLANTAS DE PROTECCIÓN DEL CORAZÓN PARA PREVENIR Y

MEJORAR LA ENFERMEDAD CORONARIA DEL CORAZÓN

RESUMEN

La presente divulgación proporciona una preparación de planta natural, que incluye extractos

de las siguientes partes de plantas: raíces de Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Juglans regia,

Aesculus hippocastanum L. y Zingiber officinale Rosc., Cortezas de Cinnamomum

cassia Presl, semillas de Sesamum indicum, Carica papaya L., Nigella damascena L. y

Punica granatum L., hojas de Centaurea cyanus L., resina de Pistacia Lentiscus,

drupas de Cocos nucifera L., frijoles de Theobroma cacao L., pulpa y granos secos de

Phoenix dactylifera L., secos pulpa de Olea europaea, Ficus carica Linn., Nogal y

Vaccinium Spp, clavo de Allium sativum y pétalos de Rosa sp. La presente divulgación

proporciona además un método para preparar una preparación de plantas, que incluye el

tratamiento de las partes anteriores de las plantas con etanol



INVENTORES SONG YUANDA [CN]; AMMAR SYED

[CN]; LI SHAOQI [CN]; YANG WU [CN]

SOLICITANTE TECNOLOGÍA UNIV SHANDONG [CN]

Página 115

COMPOSICIÓN FARMACÉUTICA PARA PREVENIR O TRATAR EL CÁNCER QUE

COMPRENDE Angelica gigas, Aconitum carmichaeli Debeaux y Zingiber

officinale Roscoe

RESUMEN

La presente invención se refiere a una composición para prevenir o tratar el cáncer que

comprende un extracto de Angelica gigas, Aconitum carmichaeli Debeaux y Zingiber

officinale Roscoe como ingrediente activo y, más específicamente, a una composición

farmacéutica, una composición alimentaria y una composición de pienso para prevenir o el

tratamiento del cáncer, que comprende extractos de Angelica gigas, Aconitum

carmichaeli Debeaux y Zingiber officinale Roscoe como ingredientes activos; un método

para prevenir o tratar el cáncer que comprende un paso de administrar la composición

farmacéutica; y un uso para prevenir o tratar el cáncer. Angelica gigas, Aconitum

carmichaeli Debeaux o Zingiber officinale Roscoe de la presente invención exhiben un

excelente efecto de tratamiento del cáncer,

N° DE PUBLICACIÓN KR20210025955 (A)


INVENTORES KO SEONG GYU

SOLICITANTE UNIV GRUPO DE COOPERACIÓN INDUSTRIAL

KYUNG HEE UNIV [KR]

Página 116

MÉTODO DE EXTRACCIÓN DE POLIFENOLES DE LAS RAÍCES DE JENGIBRE

RESUMEN

Dicho resultado técnico se logra mediante la adición a los rizomas desmotadoras, solución

acuosa de etanol al 40% en proporción 1: 7 en peso, agitando a fondo, hirviendo en baño

maría por 15 minutos, luego se infunden 10 días a temperatura ambiente, centrifugado a

10,000 rpm durante 30 minutos y producido en un extracto sobrenadante de

polifenoles; luego se pasa la centrifugadora a través de polvo de celulosa microcristalina de la

misma masa, que los portainjertos de jengibre molidos, y la pasta enriquecida con polifenoles

se seca al aire durante tres días; El concentrado obtenido contiene 2,50 ± 0,098 mg de

compuestos polifenólicos por 1 g de masa seca.

N° DE PUBLICACIÓN RU2740997 (C1)


INVENTORES LOGINOV PAVEL VADIMOVICH [RU]; NIKOLAEV ALEKSANDR

ARKADEVICH [RU]; MAVLYUTOVA ELENA BORISOVNA

SOLICITANTE

FEDERALNOE GOSUDARSTVENNOE BYUDZHETNOE

OBRAZOVA TELNO E UCHREZHDEN IE VYSSHEGO

OBRAZOVANIYA «ASTRAKHANS [RU]

Página 117

VI. BIBLIOGRAFÍA

1. Mao, Q.-Q., Xu, X.-Y., Cao, S.-Y., Gan, R.-Y., Corke, H., Beta, T., & Li, H.-B.

(2019). Bioactive Compounds and Bioactivities of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe).

Foods, 8(6), 185.

2. ZAMBRANO-BLANCO, Eleonora. Diversidad genética del jengibre (Zingiber officinale

Roscoe.) A nivel molecular: Avances de la última década. En: Entramado. Julio - Diciembre,

2015 vol. 11, no. 2, p. 190-199, http://dx.doi.org/10.18041/entramado.2015v11n2.22239

3. Ministerio de Agricultura. Ficha sobre jengibre. Disponible en: https://

w w w . m i n a g r i . g o b . p e / p o r t a l / d o w n l o a d / p d f / s e c t o r a g r a r i o / a g r i c o l a /

lineasdecultivosemergentes/JENGIBRE.pdf

4. Jengibre (Zingiber officinale). Instituto de ecología– INECOL. Gobierno de México.

Disponible en: https://www.inecol.mx/inecol/index.php/es/ct-menu-item-25/planta-del-

mes/37-planta-del-mes/499-jengibre-zingiber-officinale

5. U. Siedentopp. Ginger - effective as drug, spice and tea. Revista Internacional de

Acupuntura. 2008; 2(3). pp. 188-192. Disponible en: https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-

revista-internacional-acupuntura-279-pdf-13125914

6. Ingwerwurzelstock. Internetauftritt., www.pharmakobotanik.de/systematik/6droge-f/

zingib-r.htm, 05.12.2007

7. Wichtl M. Teedrogen. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH;1989. p. 249-51

8. Ingwer - Ärztezeitschrift für Naturheilverfahren. 2001;42:788.

9. Elmadfa I, Aign W, Muskat E, Fritzsche D. Die große GU Nährwert Kalorien Tabelle.

München: Gräfe und Unzer Verlag;2004/05:22-3.

10. Búsqueda de Zingiber officinale en Espacenet.

11. Búsqueda en base de datos Clarivate web of sciences sobre Zingiber officinale

12. Búsqueda en base de datos Derwent Innovation sobre Zingiber officinale

13. Zingiber officinale. Plants of the world online Powo Science. [visitado el 20.08.2021].

Url: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:798372-1

Página 39 Página 118

Para comentarios o sugerencias, en relación con el boletín, por favor comuníquese con:

[email protected] / [email protected]

[email protected]/ [email protected]

Dirección de Invenciones y Nuevas Tecnologías

Comisión Nacional contra la Biopiratería

Copyright © 2021 Instituto Nacional de Defensa de la Competencia y de la Protección

de la Propiedad Intelectual (Indecopi)

Calle de la Prosa 104 - San Borja, Lima, Perú. Teléfono: (51-1) 224-7800,

anexos: 3838/3818

Imagen: Zingiber officinale Roscoe

Autor: Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen

Extraído de: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Koeh-146-no_text.jpg/800px-Koeh-146-no_text.jpg

Licencia: Dominio público . No se realizaron cambios

tema: kion - indecopi.gob.pe

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